Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized

IDA19

Report from the Executive Directors of the
International Development Association
to the Board of Governors

Additions to IDA Resources:
Nineteenth Replenishment

IDA19: Ten Years to 2030: Growth, People, Resilience

Approved by the Executive Directors of IDA
On February 11, 2020

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Fiscal year (FY) = July 1 to June 30
ADF
AIMM
ASA
ASP
BEPS
CEN
CERC
CPF
CPIA
CPL
CPR
CPPRs
CPSD
CRW
CSO
DaLA
DeMPAs
DFI
DLP
DMF
DPF
DRM
DSA
DSEP
DSF
EC
FCS
ECA
EITI
ESF
ETC
EVP
FCV
FY
GBV
GDP
GHG
GIFT
GNI
GP

African Development Fund
Anticipated Impact Measurement
and Monitoring
Advisory Services and Analytics
Adaptive Social Protection
Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
Country Engagement Note
Contingent Emergency Response
Component
Country Partnership Framework
Country Policy and Institutional
Assessment
Concessional Partner Loan
Country Performance Rating
Country Portfolio Performance
Reviews
Country Private Sector
Diagnostics
Crisis Response Window
Civil Society Organization
Damage and Loss Assessment
Debt Management Performance
Assessments
Development Finance Institution
Debt Limits Policy
Debt Management Facility
Development Policy Financing
Domestic Resource Mobilization
Debt Sustainability Analysis
Det Sustainability Enhancement
Program
Debt Sustainability Framework
European Commission
Fragile and Conflict-affected
Situations
Europe and Central Asia
Extractive industry Transparency
Initiative
Environment and Social
Framework
Extended Term Consultants
employment value proposition
Fragility, Conflict and Violence
Fiscal Year
Gender-based Violence
Gross Domestic Product
Greenhouse Gas
Global Initiative for Fiscal
Transparency
Gross National Income
Global Practice

GPSA
GRiF
GVC
GW
GWh
HCI
HCP
HIPC
IBRD
ICT
IDA
IDPs
IEG
IFC
IFFs
ILO
IMF
IMPACT
IPCC
IPF
JET
LCR
LICs
M&E
MDB
MDRI
MICs
MIGA
MPA
MSME
MTR
NCBP
NBSAP
(I)NDCs

Global Partnership for Social
Accountability
Global Risk Financing Facility
Global Value Chains
Gigawatt
Gigawatt hour
Human Capital Index
Human Capital Project
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development
Information and Communication
Technology
International Development
Association
Internally Displaced Persons
Independent Evaluation Group
International Finance
Corporation
Illicit Financial Flows
International Labour
Organization
International Monetary Fund
Impact Measurement and Project
Assessment Comparison Tool
Inter-Governmental Panel on
Climate Change
Investment Project Financing
Jobs and Economic
Transformation
Latin American and the
Caribbean Region
Low-income Countries
Monitoring and Evaluation
Multilateral Development Bank
Multilateral Debt Relief
Initiative
Middle-income Countries
Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency
Multi-Pronged Approach
Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises
Mid-Term Review
Non-Concessional Borrowing
Policy
National Biodiversity Strategies
and Action Plans
(Intended) Nationally
Determined Contributions

(I)NGO
ODA
OECD
OECS
OGP
PBA
PCO
PCPI
PCT
PEFA
PLR
PPF
PPP
PRA
PSW
RECA
RECS

(International) Nongovernmental
Organization
Official Development Assistance
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States
Open Government Partnership
Performance-Based Allocation
Program of Creditor Outreach
Post-Conflict Performance
Indicators
Platform for Collaboration on
Tax
Public Expenditure and Financial
Accountability
Performance and Learning
Review
Project Preparation Facility
Purchasing Power Parity
Prevention and Resilience
Allocation
Private Sector Window
Remaining Engaged during
Conflict Allocation
Regional Economic
Communities

RMS
RPBAs
RRA
RSW
SAR
SCD
SDFP
SDGs
SEA
SIEs
SME
SSA
SUW
SWEDD
TAA
UHC
UN
UNHCR
WB
WBG
WBL
WHR

Results Measurement System
Recovery and Peacebuilding
Assessments
Risk and Resilience Assessment
Refugee Sub-window
South Asia Region
Systematic Country Diagnostic
Sustainable Development
Finance Policy
Sustainable Development Goals
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
Small Island Economies
Small and Medium Enterprise
Sub-Saharan Africa
Scale-up Window
Sahel Women’s Economic and
Demographic Dividend
Turn Around Allocation
Universal Health Coverage
United Nations
UN High Commissioner for
Refugees
World Bank
World Bank Group
Women Business and the Law
Window for Host Communities
and Refugees

IDA19 Deputies’ Report Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................................i
SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................vi
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
SECTION I: CHALLENGES AND IDA’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE TO ADDRESS THEM ..............1
A.
B.
C.
D.

REVIEW: POVERTY, SHARED PROSPERITY AND THE SDGS IN IDA COUNTRIES ...............................................2
OUTLOOK: STRONG HEADWINDS AND RISING RISKS ....................................................................................... 6
FINANCING THE NEXT PHASE ........................................................................................................................... 8
IDA’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ............................................................................................................... 10

SECTION II: TEN YEARS TO 2030: GROWTH, PEOPLE AND RESILIENCE ............................................ 16
A.
B.

C.

IDA19 OVERARCHING THEME ....................................................................................................................... 16
CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES ................................................................................................................................. 18
Debt ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Human Capital ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Disability ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Technology .............................................................................................................................................. 26
IDA’S FOCUS ON RESULTS MEASUREMENT ................................................................................................... 28

SECTION III: SPECIAL THEMES ........................................................................................................................ 29
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

SPECIAL THEME 1: JOBS AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION ........................................................................ 30
SPECIAL THEME 2: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 36
SPECIAL THEME 3: CLIMATE CHANGE ........................................................................................................... 42
SPECIAL THEME 4: FRAGILITY, CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE............................................................................. 48
SPECIAL THEME 5: GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS .................................................................................... 55

SECTION IV: VOLUMES AND TERMS OF IDA ASSISTANCE IN IDA19 .................................................... 62
A.
B.
C.

CONCESSIONAL IDA FINANCING ................................................................................................................... 63
NON-CONCESSIONAL IDA FINANCING ........................................................................................................... 67
LENDING TERMS ............................................................................................................................................ 68

SECTION V: ENSURING EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................... 69
SECTION VI: MANAGING IDA’S FINANCIAL RESOURCES ........................................................................ 72
A.
B.
C.

CONTRIBUTIONS AND IBRD TRANSFERS ....................................................................................................... 73
REPLENISHMENT EFFECTIVENESS .................................................................................................................. 77
CONTRIBUTION PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................................ 77

SECTION VII: FINANCING DEBT RELIEF AND ARREARS CLEARANCE ............................................... 79
A.
B.
C.

THE HIPC INITIATIVE .................................................................................................................................... 79
THE MULTILATERAL DEBT RELIEF INITIATIVE (MDRI) ................................................................................ 80
FINANCING OF ARREARS CLEARANCE OPERATIONS ...................................................................................... 81

SECTION VIII: RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................ 82

LIST OF ANNEXES
Annexes
Annex 1: Results Measurement System for IDA19 .................................................................................... 83
Annex 2: IDA’s Performance-Based Allocations System for IDA19 ...................................................... 114
Annex 3: Implementation Arrangements: Fragility, Conflict and Violence Envelope ............................. 117
Annex 4: Implementation Arrangements: Window for Host Communities and Refugees ....................... 122
Annex 5: Implementation Arrangements: Regional Window ................................................................... 124
Annex 6: Implementation Arrangements for the Crisis Response Window ............................................. 128
Annex 7: Implementation Arrangements for the Private Sector Window ................................................ 136
Annex 8: Implementation Arrangements for the Scale Up Window ........................................................ 139
Annex 9: Implementing the Forthcoming Sustainable Development Finance Policy .............................. 140
Annex 10: IDA’s Crisis Preparedness and Response Toolkit ................................................................... 144
Annex 11: Implementation of the Concessional Partner Loan Framework .............................................. 147
Annex 12: Documents Provided for the IDA19 Replenishment ............................................................... 153
Annex 13: Draft IDA19 Resolution .......................................................................................................... 154
Annex 14: IDA19 Partner Contributions in US$ ...................................................................................... 174

LIST OF BOXES, FIGURES AND TABLES
Boxes
Box 1. IDA Projects Deliver Long-Term Results ....................................................................................... 13
Box 2. Country Platforms: Vehicle for Partnership .................................................................................... 14
Box 3. How IDA Graduates Support South-South Learning ...................................................................... 15
Box 4. Core Principles on Debt .................................................................................................................. 22
Box 5. Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in IDA Countries ..................................................................... 24
Box 6. Migration and Forced Displacement ............................................................................................... 32
Box 7. G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment ..................................................................... 34
Box 8. Closing Gender Gaps: Linkages to Other Special Themes ............................................................. 40
Box 9. Combatting Marine Litter: an IDA Initiative .................................................................................. 44
Box 10. Addressing Regional Fragility: Sahel, Lake Chad and Horn of Africa ......................................... 51
Box 11. Multi-Stakeholder Platforms ......................................................................................................... 59

Figures
Figure 1. Global Poverty Rate Projections.................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2. Population Increase (Millions) ...................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3. Simple Averages of Shared Prosperity, and Growth of Mean and Median Incomes
Circa 2011-2016 ........................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 4. Adult Literacy Rates, by Gender ................................................................................................... 5
Figure 5. External Flows by Country Group (US$ Billion) .......................................................................... 9
Figure 6. WBG Financing in IDA18 Eligible Countries IDA14 - IDA18 .................................................. 11
Figure 7. Increased Efficiency in Use of Partner Contributions ................................................................. 11
Figure 8. Partner Contributions vis-à-vis Grant Financing ......................................................................... 11

Figure 9. IDA19: Ten Years to 2030: Growth, People, Resilience............................................................. 16
Figure 10. Public Debt in IDA Countries, Median, Percent of GDP .......................................................... 19
Figure 11. Public Debt by IDA Groupings, Percent of GDP ...................................................................... 19
Figure 12. IDA19 JET Framework ............................................................................................................. 31
Figure 13. IDA19 Addresses FCV Drivers and their Impact on Vulnerable Populations
to Support Peace and Prosperity ................................................................................................. 49
Figure 14. Public Debt in Selected IDA Countries ..................................................................................... 56

Tables
Table 1. Poverty Rates in IDA Countries (2015)1......................................................................................... 2
Table 2. Toward a Sustainable Development Financing Policy ................................................................. 20
Table 3. IDA19 Use of Resources (in US$ and SDR Billion) .................................................................... 62

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
i.
Swift and decisive action is needed to address rising risks and accelerate progress
toward the World Bank Group (WBG) Twin Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). Building on the strong implementation record and comparative advantages of the
International Development Association (IDA), the 19th replenishment of IDA (IDA19) will support
the world’s poorest and most vulnerable countries to implement country-driven solutions that
generate growth, are people-centered and strengthen resilience.
ii.
The world has made great strides in poverty reduction, but global headwinds and
emerging challenges threaten both hard-fought development gains and further progress.
Extreme poverty has fallen in IDA countries, from 49 percent in 2002 to 31 percent in 2015.1 The
impressive progress made by several IDA countries to date demonstrates that further progress
toward the SDGs is possible. Nonetheless, there is urgency to do more. The number of people
living in extreme poverty in current IDA countries has remained constant over the past 10 years at
around 500 million people. According to Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing
Violent Conflict, there are more violent conflicts than at any time in the past 30 years.2 The world
is also facing the largest forced displacement crisis ever recorded.3 In IDA countries, economic
growth has often come with inequalities and led to exclusion. Gender gaps remain in poverty,
education and employment. The jobs challenge is acute in IDA countries: around 20 million jobs
need to be created in IDA countries every year for the next decade, simply to meet the growing
number of young men and women entering the labor market.4 Hunger, after years of decline, is
on the rise, returning to levels from a decade ago. IDA countries are among those least able to
adapt to climate change, and within those countries the livelihoods of the poor and most vulnerable
will be affected the most.5 In the absence of decisive policy action, extreme weather shocks could
exacerbate growth and demographic challenges, and could lead to an additional 100 million
extreme poor by 2030. Looking ahead, the near-term economic outlook for IDA countries is
challenging, amid an uncertain global outlook, which is already resulting in subdued investment
and weak external demand for goods and services produced by IDA countries.6 To compound these
challenges, an increasing number of IDA countries are at risk of debt distress, making them more
vulnerable to shocks and less able to borrow sustainably to meet their extensive development
needs, including human capital needs. Absent swift action, rising risks and vulnerabilities could
severely undermine progress made in the fight against poverty and create regional and global
spillovers.

1

2
3
4
5
6

Calculations for the current set of IDA eligible countries, based on data in World Bank, Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018:
Piecing together the Poverty Puzzle (Washington DC: World Bank Group, 2018), and World Bank, PovcalNet (online analysis
tool) (2018). url: http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/.
United Nations and World Bank, Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict (Washington DC:
World Bank Group, 2018) xvii and 12. Based on 2016 data.
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018 (Geneva, Switzerland:
UNHCR, June 20, 2019) 13. https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/5d08d7ee7/unhcr-global-trends-2018.html.
World Bank staff estimate, 2019.
See World Bank, Turn Down the Heat: Confronting the New Climate Normal (Washington DC: World Bank, 2014), and
World Bank, Special Themes for IDA17, (2013).
See World Bank, Global Economic Prospects (Washington DC: World Bank Group, January 2019) updated as of August
2019.

- ii -

iii.
The next push to accelerate progress toward the Twin Goals and SDGs requires
increased access to sustainable financing. While IDA countries must strengthen domestic
resource mobilization (DRM) and attract domestic and foreign private investment with solid policy
frameworks, institutions and practices, access to robust levels of concessional finance will remain
central to these countries’ development prospects. A well-resourced IDA19 can play a critical role
in providing such financing. IDA can also help crowd in and leverage resources from others,
including the private sector, in line with the WBG’s cascade approach to mobilizing finance for
development.7 Recognizing the rising debt vulnerabilities of many IDA countries, IDA is ready
and well-positioned to support IDA countries to enhance the sustainability of their debt, in
coordination with other providers of development finance.
iv.
IDA has demonstrated its comparative advantage in tackling global challenges and
delivering good country outcomes. Set within the world’s largest development institution, IDA
draws on the strengths and experiences of the WBG’s other agencies - the International Finance
Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) - to support IDA countries in line with the
WBG Forward Look. The WBG Capital Package agreed in 2018 significantly enhances WBG
capacity, including to support IDA countries and recent IDA graduates. IDA’s hybrid financial
model provides unmatched value for money, with every US$1 in Partner contributions supporting
more than US$3 of commitments in IDA countries. IDA’s country-driven model ensures that
programming focuses squarely on the development priorities of IDA countries and the growth
needed to achieve them. IDA also leans in to the most complex and stubborn development
challenges, including supporting global public goods, addressing Fragility, Conflict and Violence
(FCV) risks, tackling debt, fostering regional integration, and strengthening core governance. As
a learning institution, IDA actively uses findings and lessons from evaluative evidence to
continually improve its effectiveness. IDA does its work with openness and transparency, ensuring
that donors, clients and citizens can hold IDA accountable. For these reasons, IDA is a
development partner of choice, ranked among the top performers by independent reviewers and
among the most influential and helpful partners by developing country leaders.
v.
IDA Deputies and Borrower Representatives (“Participants” 8 ) defined the
overarching theme for IDA19 as Ten Years to 2030: Growth, People and Resilience. Growth
drives poverty reduction but must be both inclusive and sustainable to have broad-based and
lasting impact. In many IDA countries, income growth is slower among the bottom 40 percent than
the average growth for the country, which undermines social cohesion and stability, potentially
sowing seeds for FCV. A focus on People is equally important because human capital is key to
inclusive economic growth, wellbeing, resilience, and poverty reduction. Accelerating human
capital formation is, therefore, a critical task for IDA countries seeking to compete in the
economies of the future. Reducing poverty and vulnerability also requires helping IDA countries
to build their Resilience. Countries develop faster if they can avoid shocks and/or be prepared
when they happen. Addressing drivers of FCV, strengthening institutions for service delivery,
inclusion, and accountability are core elements for resilient economies.
7

8

See World Bank Group, Maximizing Finance for Development: Leveraging the Private Sector for Growth and Sustainable
DevelopmentDC2017-0009 (2017). http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEVCOMMINT/Documentation/23758671/DC20170009_Maximizing_8-19.pdf
In this document, “Participants” refer to the collective representatives of donor and borrower governments which participated
in the IDA19 Replenishment discussions.

- iii -

vi.
IDA19 will build on the strong and transformational IDA18, including the progress
made under its five Special Themes: Jobs and Economic Transformation (JET), FCV, Climate
Change, Gender and Development, and Governance and Institutions. Throughout IDA19, IDA will
continue to pursue actions in the areas supported in IDA18 while integrating lessons from IDA18
to enhance IDA’s results. The IDA19 policy package comprises an ambitious set of policy
commitments that will support IDA countries to forge ahead with progress on these critical Special
Themes.
vii.
The IDA19 policy package will further expand its reach by incorporating four crosscutting issues: debt; technology; investing in people; and disability inclusion. Without decisive
action, rising debt vulnerabilities threaten the future development prospects and ambitions of many
IDA countries and thus warrant special attention. Technology is reshaping the nature of work,
disrupting traditional pathways, and presenting new challenges and opportunities. As such, IDA19
will support IDA countries to create opportunities and adopt transformative technologies. Investing
in people – including those with disabilities who are often disproportionately affected by poverty,
natural disasters, conflict and violence, is central to shared prosperity and at the heart of IDA’s
work. IDA19 will do more to expand equitable opportunities for people with disabilities.
viii. IDA19 offers an unprecedented and comprehensive package to support development
in the world’s poorest and most vulnerable countries. Some key features include:
a. An ambitious jobs package. IDA19 will support countries to pursue a comprehensive and
balanced approach to sustainable and inclusive economic transformation. It will facilitate
job-creating private investments, including in quality, accessible infrastructure, as a
critical element of poverty reduction and inclusive growth. It will also help build the
opportunities for and capabilities of workers and entrepreneurs and connect them to jobs.
Additionally, IDA19 will help address the push and pull factors of economic migration, by
better integrating a migration lens into IDA country programming. The Private Sector
Window (PSW) will enable IFC and MIGA to further scale up investments and mobilize
private sector investments in IDA countries.
b. An incentive-based, fair approach to help countries enhance debt sustainability. The
forthcoming Sustainable Development Finance Policy (SDFP) is expected to increase
capabilities of IDA countries to address their debt-related vulnerabilities and support them
on a path of sustainable development finance. Of key importance will be helping IDA
countries strengthen debt reporting to increase transparency and public accountability.
IDA19 will do more on debt management, debt transparency, and creditor outreach in
partnership with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other Multilateral
Development Banks (MDBs).
c. More, and more tailored support in Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS). The
new FCV Envelope will offer more – and more tailored – support to countries to address a
range of FCV risks, with strong incentives and accountabilities for countries to confront
FCV drivers. It will aim to sharpen IDA’s engagement in differentiated manner by
addressing fragility risks from increased inequality, lack of opportunity, exclusion and
perceptions of injustice. As part of the pivot to prevention, IDA19 will also do more to
address regional drivers of fragility through regional programming, including in the Sahel,
Lake Chad region, and the Horn of Africa.

- iv -

d. Enhancing regional integration. IDA’s Regional Window will support strategic
investments and policy reforms facilitating regional integration, including infrastructure
for greater regional connectivity, power, trade and the digital economy. IDA19 will also
address issues affecting global public goods, such as reducing air and water pollution,
including marine litter, and creating development opportunities for refugees and host
communities.
e. A sharper focus on crisis preparedness and earlier response to slower-onset crises.
IDA19 policy commitments will support stronger resilience building, including pandemic
preparedness, and reduce the risks that climate shocks pose to poverty reduction and human
capital development. The Crisis Response Window (CRW) will support early responses to
slower-onset crises.
ix.
Recognizing the unique development challenges facing smaller economies, IDA19 will
continue to support Small States to achieve their development goals. Building on IDA18’s
substantial increase in allocations to Small States, IDA19 will continue strong support to Small
States and focus on achieving economies of scale, harmonizing policies, strengthening crisis
preparedness and resilience, and adapting to the effects of climate change. Under IDA19, Small
States will also stand to benefit greatly from the increased Regional Window to support regional
integration efforts which can help expand markets and achieve economies of scale.
x.
Participants congratulated Moldova and Mongolia on their recent development gains
and on their graduation from IDA at the end of IDA18. In that regard, they noted
Management’s commitments under the WBG Capital Package, which aim to make IBRD resources
available to fully replace IDA financing for IDA graduates, and which exempt them from the IBRD
maturity premium increase for two IDA replenishment cycles. They also noted that IDA graduates
will retain the ability – for two replenishment cycles following graduation - to recommit resources
from canceled projects. The contractual acceleration of repayments will be suspended for these
two countries during the IDA19 replenishment period.
xi.
Results are at the core of IDA’s work, and IDA’s Results Measurement System (RMS)
will be further enhanced during IDA19. The RMS has evolved into a robust accountability and
management framework that contributes significantly to results monitoring and learning at
country, program and project levels. While maintaining continuity with IDA18 to enable longterm monitoring, the RMS has been updated for IDA19 to align with global and corporate priorities
including the SDGs, the Human Capital Project (HCP) and the WBG’s Cascade approach.
xii.
Participants emphasized the need for robust implementation planning to ensure
results and good country outcomes, particularly as regards the new FCV Envelope, enhanced
Regional Window and the forthcoming SDFP. Building on progress and lessons learned in IDA18,
Management will continue to proactively monitor project performance and portfolio quality – even
as IDA’s risk profile increases - in order to deliver significant financing volumes to help IDA
clients meet their development challenges. Management will provide updates on implementation
progress, challenges and pipeline development (including specific implementation reviews of the
FCV envelope, the WHR, and the forthcoming SDFP) at the Spring and Annual Meetings of the
WBG and the IMF.

-v-

xiii. Following the principles agreed in IDA18, Participants supported IDA’s sustainable
leveraging and noted the importance of strong capital adequacy within IDA’s Hybrid
Financial Model. They broadly supported Management’s recommendation to implement a US$15
billion capital value protection program as a risk management strategy, while noting that it is
important to retain simplicity in communicating IDA’s model to stakeholders. Participants also
requested a review of IDA’s capital adequacy framework by the IDA19 Mid-Term Review.

- vi -

SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
i.
Participants agreed on a set of policy and financial recommendations to help IDA
countries achieve the WBG Twin Goals to end extreme poverty and promote shared
prosperity in a sustainable manner in IDA countries. They noted that the policy and financial
package will build upon the commitments and results of earlier IDA replenishments and enhance
the ambition to support IDA countries in making progress toward the 2030 targets and increase
the effectiveness and impact of IDA support in IDA19. Annex 1 presents the full set of policy
commitments and indicators for IDA19. The key conclusions and recommendations are
summarized below.
ii.
Jobs and Economic Transformation (JET): Commitments aim to help IDA countries
create and connect to markets, build capabilities and connect workers to more and higher-quality
jobs.
1. Participants requested that the WBG undertake interventions in 10-15 countries to help
them address bottlenecks in sectors with high potential for private-sector led job creation
and economic transformation, which will be country specific and could include sectors
such as agribusiness, manufacturing and others. Proposed WBG actions will be grounded
in diagnostics, such as the Country Private Sector Diagnostics (CPSD) findings and jobs
diagnostics, and selected in agreement with country authorities.
2. Participants requested that at least 66 percent of agriculture and agribusiness projects in
IDA countries include support for participation in value chains with high potential for
growth and jobs creation, through connecting producers to markets, technical assistance
for meeting international standards and regulations, adoption of modern technology,
supporting logistics and reducing trade costs.
3. Participants requested that IDA support at least 15 IDA countries to develop their primary
and secondary cities through an integrated package of support to deliver sustainable,
inclusive and productive cities with a focus on JET, including through climate-smart
development, strengthening urban land management, and development of enabling
infrastructure for job creation.
4. Participants requested that IDA support, in 10 IDA countries, the development and
modernization of regional infrastructure (e.g., power, transportation) and cross-border
policy reforms with high potential for export promotion, increased productivity and labor
mobility.
5. To help close the digital infrastructure gap, Participants requested that IDA support 25 IDA
countries to double their broadband penetration (16 on the African continent), including
eight in landlocked countries, by 2023.
6. Participants requested that IFC aim to increase the share of its commitments in FCS-IDA17
& LIC-IDA17 countries, 9 reaching 10-15 percent of its own-account commitments on
average during the IDA19 cycle. Such commitment is conditional on the approval of the
9

LIC-IDA17: Countries that are classified as low-income countries (LIC) as of July 1, 2016 (GNI per capita <=$1,025 in 2015).
FCS-IDA17: The subset of IDA17-eligible countries that are also on the latest (FY19) FCS list. See Annex 4 of IFC Strategy
and Business Outlook Update (FY20-FY22) for more details.

- vii -

IFC’s resolutions for the capital increase and on having a significant portion of the new
shares offered to shareholders being subscribed to.
7. Participants requested that 50 percent of entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSME) projects incorporate digital financial services and/or digital
entrepreneurship elements – and ensure they address particular constraints facing women
and people with disabilities.
8. Participants requested that IDA support at least 15 IDA countries, including at least 12 of
those among the 30 with the lowest Human Capital Index (HCI), with programs or policies
to improve skills and employability toward more and higher-quality jobs, considering the
differential constraints facing young women and men, and people with disabilities.
9. Participants requested that IDA embed a JET focus in all IDA country programs and the
design of operations as appropriate, informed by diagnostics such as Systematic Country
Diagnostics (SCDs) and CPSDs, and reflected in all new IDA Country Partnership
Frameworks (CPFs) and Performance and Learning Reviews (PLRs), including enhanced
use of JET results indicators. Where relevant, IDA country programs and design of
operations will be informed by migration diagnostics.
10. Under country government leadership, Participants requested that IDA actively participate
in country platforms to collaborate and coordinate with partners and stakeholders
(including MDBs, development finance institutions (DFIs), bilaterals, and the private
sector, etc.) in at least 10 IDA countries toward developing a coherent vision, and a set of
actions for JET and mobilization of private finance.
11. Participants requested that all SCDs of IDA countries at moderate or high risk of debt
distress will address the country’s approach for sustainably financing its development.
12. Participants requested that IDA conduct 20 pilots in ‘economic transformation IDA
projects’ to estimate indirect and/or induced jobs. They asked that the IFC track direct jobs
and estimates of indirect jobs associated with all IFC PSW investments. Where feasible,
jobs reporting will be disaggregated by the poorest quintile, gender, FCS, disability and
youth.
13. Participants requested that IDA work with regional institutions on capacity building and
skills in addition to establishing strategic partnerships with at least three Regional
Economic Communities (RECs) to promote regional markets and develop regional value
chains.
iii.
Gender and Development: Commitments aim to help IDA countries build on
achievements during previous IDA cycles, speed up investments in people, create opportunities
and strengthen resilience by scaling solutions to key gaps, such as in access to reproductive and
adolescent health, in economic opportunity, and in prevention and response to gender-based
violence (GBV).
1. Participants requested that IDA19 financing operations support women’s empowerment,
including through increased access to quality reproductive, adolescent, and primary health
care in at least 15 of the 30 countries with the lowest HCI.

- viii -

2. Participants requested that at least 60 percent of IDA19 financing operations for digital
skills development support women’s access to higher productivity jobs, including online
work.
3. Participants requested that at least 30 percent of IDA19 infrastructure operations (transport,
energy, and water) include actions to create employment opportunities for women in
medium and high skilled jobs in these sectors.
4. Participants requested that all IDA19 financing operations for Digital Development support
women’s increased access to and usage of digital services.
5. Participants requested that at least 50 percent of IDA19 operations with land activities in
(i) land administration, (ii) post-disaster reconstruction and resilient recovery, and (iii)
urban development include specific actions to strengthen women’s land rights.
6. Participants requested that IDA19 support at least five IDA countries to invest in GBV
prevention and response, delivering safe, quality, inclusive health care and other services
through health systems, and five countries to implement GBV prevention and response
protocols as part of safe and inclusive schools.
iv.
Climate Change: Commitments aim to help IDA countries increase climate-related
financing and further deepen climate mainstreaming; boost support on adaptation and resilience;
drive systemic impact at the country level; and facilitate economic transformation through lowcarbon and resilient transition.
1. Participants requested that IDA’s climate co-benefits share of total commitments increase
to at least 30 percent on average over Fiscal Year (FY) 21-23, and at least half of these cobenefits support adaptation actions.
2. Participants requested that all IDA operations with more than 20 percent of climate cobenefits incorporate at least one climate-related results indicator to increase the focus on
climate outcomes.
3. Participants requested that IDA develop new resilience metrics designed to give increased
incentives for more effective climate adaptation actions, including through enhanced
disaster resilience of infrastructure developments, and pilot them in 20 IDA operations.
4. Participants requested that IDA support at least 25 IDA countries to reduce the risks of
climate shocks on poverty and human capital outcomes by supporting programs that
incorporate Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) into national systems or reduce climate
threats to health.
5. Participants requested that IDA support at least 15 IDA countries to systematically
implement and update national climate-related action plans, including Nationally
Determined Contributions (NDCs) in cooperation with the NDC Partnership; for all IDA
countries where appropriate, set climate-related or NDC-based objectives and/or results
indicators in the CPFs.
6. Participants requested IDA to support at least 15 IDA countries to implement and/or update
their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) covering terrestrial and
marine biodiversity or similar national action plans through new IDA-supported activities
during IDA19.

- ix -

7. Participants requested that IDA facilitates further penetration of renewable energy in IDA
countries in the context of energy access, affordability and security, by mobilizing
concessional climate finance and public and private investments for five gigawatt hours
(GWh) of battery storage, and providing direct, indirect, and enabling policy support for
generation, integration, and for enabling infrastructure for at least ten gigawatts (GW) of
renewable energy in IDA countries. This support would cover all kinds of on-grid, off-grid
and distributed renewable energy.
v.
Fragility, Conflict and Violence: Commitments aim to help IDA countries ensure that
IDA19 provides more—and more tailored—support to IDA FCS that addresses key FCV drivers,
takes a regional approach to fragility, boosts long-term human capital in fragile environments, and
enhances IDA’s operational effectiveness in IDA FCS.
1. Participants requested that all CPFs, Country Engagement Notes (CENs) and PLRs in IDA
FCS outline how the WBG program, in collaboration with relevant partners, addresses
FCV drivers and sources of resilience, based on diagnostics such as Risk and Resilience
Assessments (RRAs) or other FCV assessments. Related to this, Participants requested that
each RRA/fragility assessment will analyze FCV drivers and sources of resilience and
contain operationally relevant recommendations.
2. Participants requested that at least three regional programs (including in the Sahel, Lake
Chad region, and the Horn of Africa) are developed and under implementation, and that
they are informed by Regional RRAs and focus on mitigating key fragility and security
risks to promote engagement at the security-development nexus.
3. Participants requested that at least 20 IDA FCS country portfolios support improvements
in social sector service delivery (i.e., health, education and social protection), with a focus
on addressing the differential constraints faced by men and women, boys and girls, and by
people with disabilities.
4. Participants requested that, by the IDA19 Mid-Term Review, IDA conduct a systematic
review of refugee policy and institutional environments in countries eligible for the
Window for Host Communities and Refugees since their initial eligibility, to inform further
support for the creation of socio-economic development opportunities for refugee and host
communities in these countries.
5. Participants requested that IDA support building client capacity in 50 percent of IDA FCS
countries to use field-appropriate digital tools for collection and analysis of geo-tagged
data, and apply this technology to enhance project implementation and coordination.
6. Participants requested that Management operationalize the FCV Envelope to provide
enhanced and tailored support to IDA FCS. Also, IDA will deploy at least 150 more GE+
staff, including extended term consultants, to IDA FCS locations and nearby locations to
serve IDA FCS.
vi.
Governance and Institutions: Commitments aim to help IDA countries address
governance priorities in terms of institutional quality, including weak institutional capacity, limited
resources and misaligned policy incentives that have a negative impact on economic and social

-x-

development, such as slower growth, inequality, exclusion, weak delivery of government services,
and limited mechanisms for citizens to hold their government to account.
1. Participants requested that IDA support at least 25 IDA countries to implement an
integrated and programmatic approach to enhance debt transparency through increased
coverage of public debt in Debt Sustainability Analyses (DSAs) and/or supporting debt
transparency reforms, including requirements for debt reporting to increase transparency.10
2. Participants requested that IDA support at least 25 IDA countries to bolster fiscal risk
assessments and debt management capacity through a scale-up of fiscal risks monitoring
and/or implementation of debt management strategies.11
3. Participants requested that IDA support the implementation of country programs which
support the efforts of those IDA countries with tax revenues persistently below 15 percent
of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to achieve an unweighted average increase in tax-toGDP ratios of one percentage point over the three-year IDA cycle, as part of collective
efforts with partners.
4. Participants requested that IDA support at least 20 countries to identify the governance
constraints to the development, financing, and delivery of quality infrastructure
investments with particular attention to project preparation, procurement, environmental
and social considerations, and integrity, to inform the adoption of policies and/or
regulations for enhanced infrastructure governance in a majority of these.12
5. Participants requested that IDA support at least 15 IDA countries with the lowest HCI to
improve sustainability of human capital financing, including a focus on reaching universal
health coverage and good learning outcomes for all, through: (i) improving the efficiency
of public expenditures, and (ii) more effectively aligning expenditures with domestic
financing and external resources in a sustainable manner.
6. Participants requested that IDA support at least 12 IDA countries to adopt universally
accessible13 GovTech solutions.14
7. Participants requested that IDA support at least 25 IDA countries to implement pandemic
preparedness plans through interventions (including strengthening institutional capacity,
technical assistance, lending and investment).
8. Participants requested that IDA support at least 5 countries to conduct comprehensive Illicit
Financial Flows (IFF) assessments and prepare action plans. They also requested that IDA
10
11

12
13

14

Support to this commitment will draw from a suite of instruments, including lending operations, diagnostics and technical
assistance.
The actions under Policy Commitments 1 and 2 will focus mainly on moderate and high-risk countries, consistent with the
focus of the SDFP. These actions could also help prevent deterioration in the risk of debt distress, including sharp (or rapid)
deteriorations from low to high risk as observed in some cases.
Focus to be on countries identified with CPIA rating at 3 or less for Indicator 16 on Transparency, Accountability and
Corruption. There are currently 55 IDA countries in this pool.
‘Universally accessible’ means that GovTech services are designed so that they can be accessed, understood and used by all
people, regardless of disability, age, use of assistive devices, location or means of Internet access. It applies to hardware and
software.
GovTech solutions include hardware, software, applications and other technology to improve access and quality of public
services; facilitate citizen engagement (CivicTech); and improve core government operations. These include enabling analog
complements to strengthen institutions for GovTech implementation, including devising related strategies, building capacity,
passing related laws on e-government, data access and use; and developing regulatory frameworks to facilitate interoperability.

- xi -

support at least 20 IDA countries to take IFF-related policy actions, such as increasing
access to and awareness of beneficial ownership information and/or adopting automatic
exchange of information to reduce tax evasion.
9. Participants requested that IDA support at least 50 percent of IDA countries to implement
e-procurement systems and conduct detailed procurement data analytics, in order to
increase efficiency of public spending and mitigate corruption risks.
10. Participants requested that IDA support at least 50 percent of IDA countries to establish
and strengthen platforms for engaging with multiple stakeholders, including women as well
as vulnerable groups, in policy making and implementation to enhance public participation,
accountability and responsiveness.
11. Participants requested that IDA support at least 95 percent of IDA FCSs (with active
portfolios) to establish and/or strengthen core government functions to address FCV
drivers.15
12. Participants requested that IDA support 30 IDA countries, including those with ongoing
statistical operations, 16 to support institutions and build capacity to reduce gaps in the
availability of core data for evidence-based policy making, including disaggregation by sex
and disability.17
vii.

Adjustments to Volumes and Terms of IDA Assistance
1. Participants agreed to the following changes to IDA’s country allocations:18
a) introduction of an incentive set-aside to promote better debt management actions in
line with the forthcoming SDFP’s Debt Sustainability Enhancement Program; and
b) introduction of a tailored approach to supporting IDA countries across the FCV
spectrum through the FCV Envelope.
2. Participants agreed to: (i) increase the Regional Window to US$7.6 billion which will
enhance resources for regional integration for all regions (ii) introduce Development
Policy Financing instruments under the Regional Window; (iii) support Regional Window
financing for single-country operations that clearly demonstrate positive cross-border
spillovers for health pandemics, natural disasters and adoption of innovate technologies;
and (iv) support funding on credit terms to credit-worthy regional organizations with strong
safeguards to ensure that such interventions exclusively benefit IDA countries.
3. Participants agreed to extend the CRW to support slower-onset crises for disease outbreaks
and food insecurity. Participants endorsed a proposed CRW envelope of US$2.5 billion

15
16
17

18

Core government functions refers to: (i) public revenue and expenditure management; (ii) decentralization and service
delivery; (iii) government employment and public administration; and (iv) the rule of law.
This commitment would target 25 percent out of 51 IDA countries without ongoing statistical operations.
Data disaggregation by sex and disability in the Data for Policy (D4P) package will be performed where it is appropriate,
which corresponds to contexts where household survey data is amenable to disaggregation, specifically for data collected at
the individual level. The D4P package will also continue promoting the production of sex and disability disaggregated statistics
in countries where this is already available.
Country allocations – which provide unearmarked country envelopes, aligned with CPFs – are fundamental to IDA’s value
proposition.

- xii -

with the opportunity to adjust at the IDA19 Mid-Term Review (MTR) if additional
resources are required for crisis response.
4. Participants agreed to continue the Scale-Up Window under IDA19 with an allocation of
US$5.7 billion reflecting a reduced number of countries eligible to take on its nonconcessional resources.
5. Participants agreed that Moldova and Mongolia will graduate from IDA by the end of
IDA18 and that contractual acceleration for these countries will be suspended for the
IDA19 period.
6. Participants noted Management’s commitments made under the WBG Capital Package,
aiming to make IBRD resources available to fully replace IDA financing for IDA
graduates, and exempting them from the IBRD maturity premium increase for two IDA
replenishment cycles. Accordingly, Participants agreed to discontinue provision of
exceptional transitional support to IDA graduates at the end of IDA18.
7. Participants welcomed Management’s proposal to exercise the acceleration clause included
in the legal agreements for regular and blend credits since 1987 for countries that graduated
at the end of IDA17 (Bolivia, Sri Lanka and Vietnam) which was approved by the
Executive Directors.
8. Participants agreed to have US$1 billion of resources available to support arrears clearance
for potentially re-engaging countries in IDA19. They also requested Management to
provide an update on utilization and plans for reallocation of such resources at the time of
the MTR.
9. Participants agreed to the continuation of the IDA PSW under IDA19 with a resource
allocation of US$2.5 billion to enable IFC and MIGA to further scale up and mobilize
private sector investments in PSW eligible countries. Participants agreed to have one
transition replenishment period for countries entering gap status or being removed from
the FCS list of countries. They also agreed to allow PSW resources to support
programmatic interventions where up to a maximum of 20 percent of the total investments
supported by such a program may be located outside of PSW eligible countries.
Participants encouraged Management to continue exploring new instruments under the
Local Currency Facility and Blended Finance Facility to enhance local currency lending in
PSW eligible countries for IDA19 by end of IDA18. Management will also report progress
on broader PSW implementation by the IDA19 MTR. They also welcomed IFC’s decision
to enhance transparency of PSW project information by disclosing the subsidy amount for
PSW projects with a mandate letter signed after October 1, 2019.
10. Participants agreed that the Regional Window and the Window for Host Communities and
Refugees will be managed as a Regional Public Goods Envelope to improve resource
allocation responsiveness and efficiencies across the windows up to a maximum of US$0.5
billion before IDA19 MTR.
11. Participants agreed that lending terms applicable under IDA18 will be continued under
IDA19. Participants also requested an in-depth analysis on local currency financing by the
end of IDA18, with the aim to develop and discuss a proposal at IDA19 MTR.

- xiii -

viii.

Replenishment of IDA Resources
1. Deputies19 recommended that contributions of US$23.5 billion (equivalent to SDR 17.0
billion) be provided so as to achieve a total replenishment of US$82.0 billion (equivalent
to SDR 59.3 billion) in IDA19.
2. Deputies emphasized that strong grant contributions will continue to remain a key element
of IDA’s financial framework, enabling successful leverage in a sustainable manner. With
concessionality remaining at the center of IDA finance, they noted the increase in IDA’s
estimated grant financing in IDA19.
3. Deputies noted the importance of providing their Instruments of Commitment as early as
possible to enable timely implementation of IDA19.
4. Deputies recommended that IDA’s cost of debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor
Country (HIPC) Initiative and arrears clearance operations in IDA19 be covered under the
IDA19 Replenishment, with the former funded by Partner contributions and the latter by
carrying over the unused arrears clearance resources from IDA18 and additional Partner
contributions in the amount of US$0.2 billion (equivalent to SDR 0.1 billion).
5. Deputies recognized the importance for Partners to continue implementing their financing
commitments to the separate Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) replenishment in
order to support the total volume of IDA19 commitment authority.
6. Deputies endorsed the continuation of Concessional Partner Loans (CPLs) in IDA19. They
also endorsed the principles of ensuring transparency, equal treatment, additionality (i.e.,
avoiding substitution), and protecting IDA’s long-term financial sustainability. They
recognized that concessional loan contributors would receive burden sharing recognition
and allocation of voting rights based on the ‘grant element’ of the loan, as per the agreed
CPL Framework. They welcomed the flexibility for CPLs to be provided in a few eligible
currencies in addition to those of the SDR basket. (See Annex 11.)
7. Deputies expressed concerns over the currently large and increasing structural gap in the
reported Partner burden shares and requested a review of the drivers of the increase in the
structural gap as well as concrete options to address the issue at the IDA19 MTR.
8. Deputies emphasized the importance of transfers from IBRD to IDA to signify solidarity
among the WBG institutions. In this context, Deputies noted the formula-based approach
for IBRD transfers, which is dynamic in nature and gives due consideration to IBRD’s
financial sustainability and capital adequacy. Such transfers would be subject to annual
approvals by the IBRD Board of Governors after considering reserve retention needs.
9. While IFC transfers to IDA would be suspended after IDA18, the income transfer is
expected to be redeployed to support expanded IFC activities in IDA countries, as such
boosting IFC’s direct engagement in IDA countries.

19

Deputies refer to the Participants in the IDA19 discussions who represent donor governments.

INTRODUCTION
1.
The International Development Association (IDA) must continually evolve to meet
the needs and challenges facing IDA countries. To achieve this, IDA Deputies and Borrower
Representatives (“Participants”) provided guidance on the strategic priorities for the Nineteenth
Replenishment of IDA (IDA19), first at the IDA18 Mid-Term Review (MTR) in Livingstone,
Zambia in November 2018 and through consultations in 2019 in Washington D.C. (April and
October), in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (June), and Stockholm, Sweden (December). This report
contains the Participants’ guidance on the policy and financing framework that underpins IDA’s
support to client countries during the IDA19 replenishment period (July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2023).
This framework strives to reflect global developments and incorporate new knowledge that will
further improve IDA’s effectiveness.

SECTION I: CHALLENGES AND IDA’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE TO
ADDRESS THEM
2.
The world has made great strides in poverty reduction, but global headwinds and
emerging challenges threaten both hard-fought development gains and further progress.
Extreme poverty has fallen in IDA countries from 49 percent in 2002 to 31 percent in 2015.20 The
impressive progress made by several IDA countries demonstrates that further progress toward the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is possible. Nonetheless, there is urgency to do more. The
number of people living in extreme poverty in IDA countries has remained constant at around 500
million people over the past 10 years. According to Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to
Preventing Violent Conflict, there are more violent conflicts than at any time in the past 30 years.21
This increase in violent conflict and forced displacement is likely to increase the prevalence of
disability.22 The world is also facing the largest forced displacement crisis ever recorded.23 In IDA
countries, economic growth has not always been inclusive and has fueled inequalities and
exclusion. The jobs challenge is acute in IDA countries: around 20 million jobs need to be created
in IDA countries every year for the next decade, simply to meet the growing number of young men
and women entering the labor market.24 Hunger, after years of decline, is on the rise, returning to
levels from a decade ago. Climate change is threatening agricultural and fisheries systems as well
as infrastructure, health, and people’s livelihoods and is a potent driver of internal migration.
Meanwhile, the global economic outlook is uncertain and marked by downside risks, and the nearterm outlook for IDA countries is challenging. To compound these challenges, an increasing
number of IDA countries are at risk of debt distress, making them more vulnerable to shocks and
20
21
22

23
24

Calculations based on data in World Bank, Poverty and Shared Prosperity: Piecing together the Poverty Puzzle (Washington
DC: World Bank, 2018), and World Bank, PovcalNet (online analysis tool) (2018). http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/
United Nations and World Bank, Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict (Washington DC:
2018) xvii and 12, based on 2016 data.
The prevalence of disability is affected by a range of factors, including aging, war and conflict, natural disasters, and forced
displacement. See Mcclain-Nhlapo, Charlotte Vuyiswa; Sivonen, Lauri Heikki Antero; Raja, Deepti Samant; Palummo,
Simona; Acul, Elizabeth, Disability inclusion and accountability framework (Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2018).
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018 (Geneva, Switzerland:
UNHCR, June 20, 2019) 13.https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/5d08d7ee7/unhcr-global-trends-2018.html.
World Bank staff estimate, 2019.

-2-

less able to borrow sustainably to meet their development needs, including their massive human
capital development needs. Absent swift action, rising risks and vulnerabilities could severely
undermine progress made in the fight against poverty and bring regional and global spillovers.
A. REVIEW: POVERTY, SHARED PROSPERITY AND THE SDGS IN IDA COUNTRIES
3.
The world has made progress in reducing poverty and improving living standards
over the last quarter-century. The global extreme poverty rate declined from 36 percent in 1990
to an estimated 8.6 percent in 2018.25 Life expectancy has increased by more than six years, the
share of children who are not in school has fallen by around half and maternal mortality is down
by 44 percent. This progress demonstrates what is possible with the right policies, institutions and
strong support from IDA and partners.
TABLE 1. POVERTY RATES IN IDA COUNTRIES (2015)1
Country group
Developing world
IBRD
IDA
IDA blend
IDA non-blend
Gap
IDA-only
IDA-only/Inactive
IDA fragile
IDA non-fragile
IDA small state
IDA non-small state
IDA Sub-Saharan Africa
1

Number of
economies
144
69
75
16
59
13
42
4
32
43
23
52
39

Poverty
rate (%)
11.9
5.6
31.1
25.7
33.8
16.4
43.9
18.8
39.2
27.9
28.2
31.1
43.1

Millions of
poor
739
261
479
131
348
51
283
14
171
308
4
475
393

Population
in millions
6192
4653
1539
509
1030
309
645
76
435
1104
13
1526
912

Daily consumption/ income below US$1.90 in 2011 PPP terms.
Source: Global Monitoring Database (2019) and PovcalNet.

4.
Yet, poverty reduction has not been consistent across countries, and the global rate
of poverty reduction is slowing. During 2002-2015, extreme poverty in current IDA countries
declined from 49 to 31 percent, compared to a decline in the rest of the developing world from 26
to 5.6 percent. Moreover, the rate of poverty reduction has been slowing since 2013.26 Projections
show that the global poverty target could be met if all countries’ real Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) per capita grew at an average annual rate of six percent and the income of the bottom 40
percent grew two percentage points faster than the average. Alternatively, the target could be
reached if all countries grew at an average pace of eight percent.27 Yet either of these scenarios
25
26

27

This rate is defined as the number of people with a daily consumption/income below US$1.90 in 2011 Purchasing Power
Parity terms.
From 2013 to 2015, global poverty declined by 0.6 percentage points per year, well below the 25-year average of a percentage
point a year. See World Bank, Poverty and Shared Prosperity: Piecing together the Poverty Puzzle (Washington DC: World
Bank, 2018).
If average economic growth in IDA countries were to be one percentage point lower than currently projected, there would be
50 million more extreme poor in these countries in 2030 than under the baseline scenario. Similarly, a two-percentage point
shortfall would translate into 100 million more extreme poor.

-3-

FIGURE 1. GLOBAL POVERTY RATE
PROJECTIONS

FIGURE 2. POPULATION INCREASE
(MILLIONS)

Source: World Development Indicators (SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS)
and United Nations World Population Prospects.

28
29
30

31
32

would require IDA countries to significantly
accelerate their progress in reducing poverty. 28
(See Figure 1.)
5. Continuing population pressures indicate
that poverty is becoming concentrated in IDA
countries (see Figure 2). During 2000-2018,
annual real GDP growth in IDA countries was 5.5
percent on average, nearly double the global
average of 2.9 percent, but well below the growth
rate needed to reach the goal of eliminating
extreme poverty by 2030. This economic
expansion was accompanied by greater income
convergence,29 but far more needs to be done to
reduce inequalities and ensure shared prosperity.
Of the more than 730 million extremely poor
people in the world, 479 million lived in IDA
countries as of 2015. Of these, 393 million
extremely poor people lived in Sub-Saharan
Africa (SSA) and 171 million in IDA Fragile and
Conflict-affected Situations (FCS). 30 Poverty
rates are around 10 percent higher in IDA FCS
than non-FCS. And while extreme poverty is
decreasing in IDA non-FCS, it is stagnant in IDA
FCS. 31 Of the world’s 28 poorest countries, 27
are in SSA, all with poverty rates above 30
percent. (See Table 1.)
6. Furthermore, IDA countries are home to
large number of people who live close to the
poverty line – many of whom have recently
pulled themselves up out of poverty but are
vulnerable to falling back. Five out of six people
in IDA countries lived on less than US$5.5 a day
in 2015 32 and were considered at high or

See World Bank, Poverty and Shared Prosperity: Piecing together the Poverty Puzzle (Washington DC: World Bank, 2018).
See Marcio Cruz; James Foster; Bryce Quillin; and Philip Schellekens, Ending Extreme Poverty and Sharing Prosperity:
Progress and Policies. Policy Research Note (Washington DC: World Bank Group, 2015).
IDA FCS refers to those IDA countries included on the Harmonized List of Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations. Currently,
there are 32 IDA FCS countries, of which three are Blend countries. FCV refers to the challenge of fragility, conflict and
violence regardless of the classification of the country.
World Bank, PovcalNet (online analysis tool) (2018). url: http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/.
Figures in 2011 US$ Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Income/consumption of US$5.5 per day is the typical national poverty
line for Upper Middle-Income Countries (UMIC) and shows what the poverty rate would be in IDA countries if they had the
same criteria for what it takes to be poor in UMICs. Even though a large fraction of the population in IDA countries may not
be extremely poor (under US$1.9 per day), they would likely be classified as poor in most middle-income countries. Although
“only” a third of people in IDA countries are extremely poor, five out of six people are poor by the US$5.50 standard.

-4-

moderate risk of relapsing into poverty. A major shock can wipe out an entire generation of
economic progress and poverty reduction.
7.
Progress on shared prosperity has been mixed. The welfare per capita of the bottom 40
33
percent in IDA countries grew at 1.7 percent annually on average between 2011 and 2016, which
was lower than that for IBRD countries (Figure 3). Boosting shared prosperity in IDA countries
will require stronger and more inclusive economic growth that leads to greater improvement in
welfare and median income.34 Accelerating pro-poor growth will be critical to reducing inequality,
speeding up poverty reduction and ensuring shared prosperity.
FIGURE 3. SIMPLE AVERAGES OF SHARED PROSPERITY, AND GROWTH OF
MEAN AND MEDIAN INCOMES CIRCA 2011-2016

Source: World Development Indicators (SE.ADT.LITR.FE. ZS; SE.ADT.LITR.MA.ZS) and the
Global Database of Shared Prosperity.
Note: The shared prosperity figure uses simple averages (i.e., not population weighted). The
estimates are based on surveys from circa 2011 and 2016

8.
In addition to insufficient progress in poverty reduction, IDA countries lag in their
progress toward other SDGs.35 Only three out of five people in IDA countries have access to
electricity, and only two out of three people have access to basic drinking water services, in
comparison to more than 90 percent in International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

33
34

35

This refers to the average consumption or income of the poorest 40 percent of the population.
One metric of inclusive growth is the “shared prosperity premium,” which is defined as the difference between income growth
of the bottom 40 percent of the population and mean per capita income. For IDA countries during 2011-2016, the average
shared prosperity premium was -0.2 percent.
See United Nations, The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2019 (New York: United Nations, 2019), and World Bank
Group, Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals 2018 (Washington DC: World Bank, 2018).

-5-

(IBRD) countries. Less than half of all people in FIGURE 4. ADULT LITERACY RATES,
IDA countries have access to basic sanitation,
BY GENDER
compared with the global average of 75 percent,
and the gap between sanitation rates in IBRD
countries and IDA countries is increasing. One in
five people living in IDA countries is
malnourished—a rate which has not decreased over
the past 10 years, creating a growing
malnourishment gap with IBRD countries. Only
one in five people in IDA countries use the internet,
in contrast to half of the population in IBRD
countries. While some forms of discrimination
against women and girls are declining, and some
opportunity gaps are starting to close relative to
men
and
boys,
pervasive
gender
inequalities persist. The female literacy rate in IDA
countries is only 55 percent (vs. 70 percent for
males), compared to a female literacy rate of 85 percent in IBRD countries (vs. 92 percent for
males). (See Figure 4.) Among the 20 lowest ranked IDA countries on the Human Capital Index
(HCI), 14 are FCS, and more than half of the extreme poor in these countries face severe
deprivations in education and access to basic infrastructure, such as energy, water, sanitation and
assistive devices.36
9.
Development gains in IDA countries show that progress is possible and underscore
the urgency for strong collective action to broaden and accelerate such progress across the
board.37 Eighty percent of children in IDA countries are now enrolled in primary education. In
2017, 85 percent of primary school-age children in Ethiopia were enrolled in primary education
compared to 40 percent in 2000. Some IDA countries have made progress in even the toughest
environments. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, IDA has contributed to economic recovery
and helped to reduce the risk of youths joining conflict by connecting farmers to markets through
rural roads in 715 villages, and by creating 4,500 farmers’ groups and 50,000 jobs in civil works
with a focus on youth and women. In Afghanistan, IDA supported projects have generated 5,500
kilowatts of power, built 850 kilometers of roads, and provided 63 million liters of drinking water
per day, benefiting 4.5 million people. IDA has also helped Haiti immunize 640,000 children and
ensured skilled birth attendants at 20,000 births.38
10.
However, worsening fragility and conflict are hindering progress toward the SDGs.
Forced displacement continues to worsen and has become increasingly complex and protracted,39
with substantial socio-economic impacts on both refugee and host communities. To compound
36

37
38
39

World Bank Human Capital Index (2018). The average HCI for FCS countries is 0.40, compared to a global average of 0.57.
Under current conditions, children born in FCS will be only 40 percent as productive as adults than they could be if they had
complete education and full health.
See World Bank Group, Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals 2018 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2018).
See IDA Results for more IDA-supported results.
Xavier Devictor and Quy-Toan Do, How Many Years Have Refugees Been in Exile? Policy Research Working Papers
(Washington DC: World Bank, 2016).

-6-

these challenges, around two-thirds of IDA FCS are assessed at high risk of (or already in) debt
distress,40 making them more vulnerable to shocks and less able to borrow sustainably to meet their
development needs.
11.
Climate change also presents a major threat to sustainable economic development
and poverty reduction. Climate-related shocks can drag the vulnerable into poverty, erase
decades of hard-earned development gains, and leave people with irreversible health
consequences.41 Climate change also affects agricultural and fisheries systems, which undermines
the livelihoods of the poor in IDA countries, especially in Small Island Economies.42 The related
impacts on food prices and extreme weather events - such as heatwaves, cyclones, floods and
droughts – are disproportionately felt by vulnerable IDA countries, which have limited resources
to adapt and mitigate them. Moreover, climate change and climate hazards exacerbate existing
inequalities, thus negatively affecting people with disabilities who face higher rates of
multidimensional poverty and inequalities that hinder their access to resources. 43 In addition,
natural disasters are estimated to drive 26 million people into poverty every year. 44 Other
populations at disproportionately higher risks include disadvantaged and vulnerable populations,
indigenous peoples and local communities located in inland or coastal areas and dependent on
natural resources (including farming, forestry and fisheries).
B. OUTLOOK: STRONG HEADWINDS AND RISING RISKS
12.
The review above suggests that achieving the Twin Goals over the SDG horizon
requires enhanced focus in IDA countries. That task is made more complex—and more urgent—
by an outlook that is marked by strong headwinds and rising risks, as outlined below.
13.
IDA countries face strong global economic headwinds, with growth projections lower
than what is needed to reduce extreme poverty to below three percent by 2030. Global growth
has lost significant momentum amidst softening trade, investment, manufacturing activity and
confidence, with the global economic growth outlook projected at only 2.7 percent during 20192021. 45 Already, this is resulting in subdued investment in IDA countries and weak external
demand for goods and services produced by IDA countries, with their projected growth at 4.6
percent. Prices are also falling for several commodities on which IDA countries rely. Sharper-thanexpected slowdown in the global economy, further falls in commodity prices, sudden shifts in
financial market sentiment or further trade uncertainty, among other factors, could have substantial
40

41

42
43
44
45

Of the 32 IDA FCS on the FY19 Harmonized List, 29 are covered by the joint World Bank-International Monetary Fund Debt
Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries. Of these 29, only one country (Myanmar) is at low risk of debt distress,
ten are at moderate, and 18 are at high. See also Addressing Debt Vulnerabilities in IDA Countries: Options for IDA19 (June
2019).http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/296411555639304820/pdf/Debt-Vulnerabilities-in-IDA-Countries-PolicyOptions-for-IDA19.pdf.
Stephane Hallegatte, Mook Bangalore, Laura Bonzanigo, Marianne Fay, Tamaro Kane, Ulf Narloch, Julie Rozenberg, David
Treguer, and Adrien Vogt-Schilb, Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty (Washington, DC:
World Bank Group, 2015).
Ibid.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A:
Global and Sectoral Aspects (Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC) 796.
Hallegatte et al., Unbreakable: Building the resilience of the poor in the face of natural disasters. Climate Change and
Development Series (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2017).
See International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Update (July 2019).

-7-

spillover effects to IDA countries.46 Confidence and investment could be markedly set back by
further trade uncertainty, and IDA countries have much to lose from unexpected events causing a
flight-to-safety in capital markets. Sudden shifts in financial market sentiment could be further
amplified in IDA countries with elevated debt and/or refinancing pressures. Amidst these cyclical
and structural headwinds, the outlook for IDA countries is challenging and subject to further
downside risks. This economic outlook underscores the need for IDA19 to double down its support
for IDA countries.
14.
Demographic and growth challenges highlight the need for focus on jobs and
economic transformation. Job creation remains far below what is needed: around 20 million jobs
need to be created in IDA countries every year for the next decade, simply to meet the growing
number of young men and women entering the labor market. The jobs gap is also set to create
significant migration pressures.47
15.
The poor and most vulnerable in IDA countries will see their livelihoods affected most
by climate change, yet are the least able to adapt.48 In the absence of decisive policy action,
extreme weather shocks could exacerbate the growth and demographic challenges noted above,
and could lead to an additional 100 million extreme poor by 2030.49 Climate impacts have also
emerged as a potent driver of internal migration. The WB “Groundswell” Report, which focused
only on three regions—SSA, South Asia Region (SAR) and Latin America and the Caribbean
Region (LCR), which together represent just over half of the developing world’s population—
found that by 2050 more than 143 million people would be forced to move within their own
countries alone to escape the slow-onset impacts of climate change. The report outlines how these
trends will hit the poor the hardest and have major implications for climate-sensitive sectors and
for the adequacy of infrastructure and social support systems.50
16.
Absent swift action, rising Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV) risks could severely
undermine progress made in the fight against poverty over the past 25 years. Estimates
already suggest that around half of the world’s poor will live in FCS by 2030.51 At current levels
of fragility, the number of poor people in IDA FCS is projected to increase by 200 million by 2030.
Any deterioration in these countries’ fragility, or a rise in fragility elsewhere, would only push
these numbers higher. Rising inequality and exclusion fuel grievances and perceptions of injustice,
and among the 20 IDA countries with the highest levels of inequality, half are IDA FCS.52 Climate
change, demographic change, forced displacement, new technologies, illicit financial flows (IFFs),
and violent extremism can intersect and transcend borders, creating regional spillovers, and
deepening IDA countries’ vulnerability to shocks and crises.
46
47
48
49
50

51
52

See World Bank, Global Economic Prospects (Washington DC: World Bank Group, January 2019) updated as of August
2019.
World Bank, Leveraging Migration for Development: A Briefing for the World Bank Board (September 2019).
See World Bank, Turn Down the Heat: Confronting the New Climate Normal (Washington DC: World Bank, 2014), and
World Bank, Special Themes for IDA17 (2013).
See Hallegatte et al., Shock Waves: Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty, page 2.
See Kanta Kumari Rigaud, Alex de Sherbinin, Bryan Jones, Jonas Bergmann, Viviane Clement, Kayly Ober, Jacob Schewe,
Susana Adamo, Brent McCusker, Silke Heuser, Amelia Midgley, Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2018) xix.
See World Bank. “Fragility, Conflict and Violence.” https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence
Ibid.

-8-

17.
The substantial increase in, and changed composition of, public debt levels in IDA
countries raises significant concerns over debt sustainability. The median government debt-toGDP ratio in IDA countries has increased significantly over the past five years, reaching 50 percent
in 2018. This heightened debt vulnerability comes just when IDA countries need scaled-up access
to finance to achieve the SDGs.
C. FINANCING THE NEXT PHASE
18.
Achieving the Twin Goals and supporting countries to meet the SDGs by 2030
requires significant additional sustainable financing. The WB has estimated that low-income
countries (LICs) and middle-income countries (MICs) face investment needs of US$1.5–US$2.7
trillion per year between 2015 and 2030 (4.5–8.2 percent of GDP) to meet infrastructure-related
SDGs.53 Similarly, the United Nations (UN) forecasts that an additional US$400 billion is needed
in developing countries for infrastructure investments related to the health and education goals,54
and substantial financing is also required to improve public service delivery, environmental
protection and restoration, as well as to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change.
Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) can play a countercyclical role in mobilizing private
sector investments particularly in LICs, complementing essential official development assistance
(ODA) flows in a critical way.55
19.
IDA countries receive only a small – and decreasing – share of the external (private
and official) financing that goes to developing countries. Net flows to all developing countries
increased from US$279 billion in 2000 to US$1.2 trillion in 2007, but that pace of growth has
reversed since the global financial crisis (2008-2009). Over the last decade, support for IBRD-only
countries has increased substantially, but at the expense of IDA countries. (See Figure 5.) Private
flows to developing countries have increased rapidly since 2000, but 95 percent of that went to
MICs. Remittance flows to developing countries have also increased since 2008, but IDA and
Blend countries have seen declining volumes. ODA continues to account for half of financial flows
to LICs and more than one-third of flows to IDA countries.

53
54
55

See Rozenberg, J., and M. Fay, Beyond the Gap: How Countries Can Afford the Infrastructure They Need while Protecting
the Planet (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2019).
The cost estimates provided by the World Bank and UN studies are not strictly comparable because of differences in country
samples, subsectors, and inclusion of operation and maintenance costs, among other things.
See Broccolini C., Lotti G., et al., IMF Working Paper: Mobilization Effects of Multilateral Development Banks (Washington
DC: IMF, February 2019).

-9-

FIGURE 5. EXTERNAL FLOWS BY COUNTRY GROUP (US$ BILLION)
IBRD and IDA Countries

IDA Countries

20.
ODA remains the most important source of external financing for IDA countries to
finance their development - but ODA volumes have been trending down. After reaching a peak
in 2013, the flow of ODA grants to IDA countries has declined. This decrease is largely explained
by the recent shift in official grant financing toward non-IDA countries due to natural disasters
and humanitarian assistance to refugees. This period was also characterized by the emergence of
vertical funds that are earmarked toward specific sector and thematic priorities, with disbursements
that now exceed those of regional MDBs. Concessional financing flows coming from multilateral
sources have remained stable since 2010, with IDA being the largest single source. Going forward,
there is need to attract more private financing to IDA countries, as well as higher ODA grants and
scaled-up concessional financing, to meet development targets. If all donors would meet the 0.7
percent of Gross National Income (GNI) target, an additional US$230 billion would be available
for achieving the SDGs.56
21.
Domestic resource mobilization (DRM) will be essential – but is insufficient to offset
the need for ODA. A recent study by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) showed that even
an increase of five percentage points in tax-to-GDP ratios—an ambitious number—may not
be sufficient for IDA countries to finance the SDGs. 57 In IDA countries, the median total
government revenue (excluding grants) has increased from 15 percent of GDP in 2010 to 18
percent of GDP in 2017. Further increases are feasible, and IDA19 will continue to support IDA
countries to prioritize DRM, while also reducing corruption and IFFs.
22.
IDA is the largest and most predictable source of development finance for IDA
countries. IDA18 has shown that IDA can deliver much larger volumes while maintaining quality.
In the first two years of the IDA18 cycle, 63 percent of the total allocated resources have been
committed, amounting to US$46.5 billion. IDA18 has also scaled up in difficult areas, including
doubling the resources to FCS. Compared to the first two years of IDA17, IDA18 has delivered
US$12.9 billion in commitments to FCS, representing a 153 percent increase over the same period.
It has also delivered US$1.14 billion to Small States, representing a 168 percent increase over the
same period. As the largest source of aggregate external funding for education, IDA has provided
56
57

See IMF, Fiscal Policy and Development: Human, Social, and Physical Investment for the SDGs (SDN/19/03) (January 2019).
Ibid.

- 10 -

over US$28 billion to improve education over the last five replenishments, representing on average
10 percent of IDA commitments. As the largest donor in the Sahel and Lake Chad region, and the
second largest donor in the Pacific and in the Horn of Africa, IDA is well placed to implement the
programming needed to tackle pressing development challenges.58
D. IDA’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
23.
IDA is among the world’s most efficient and effective vehicles for international
development to support good country outcomes. Several unique characteristics set it apart, as
outlined below.
24.
Set within world’s largest development institution, IDA brings the weight and
experience of the WBG to support IDA countries. IDA has worked closely with partners across
the WBG to triple the volume of total WBG funding to IDA countries over the last 15 years (see
Figure 6). WBG investments also crowd in private investments, catalyzing approximately US$7
for every US$1 invested.59 Reinforcing these trends, the 2018 US$13 billion capital increase for
the IBRD and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) contains specific commitments to direct
resources to IBRD countries with lower income levels, which further frees up IDA resources to
focus on the poorest and most vulnerable countries and ensures a continuum of support to lower
middle-income countries, blends and graduates. Beyond volumes to substantive engagement, IDA
draws on the strengths of the IFC, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and IBRD
to implement the WBG Forward Look in IDA countries.60 IDA collaborates and pulls in worldclass knowledge, experience and expertise on topics ranging from public-private partnerships,
guarantees, debt, climate action, crises preparedness and response, multi-dimensional poverty, and
complex institutional reform. IDA produces global and country-specific knowledge for the benefit
of both clients and partners. It also facilitates knowledge-transfer and experience-sharing between
middle-income countries and IDA countries to help find best fit solutions. Recognizing also that
problems may be global but are often addressed at a local level, IDA applies its reach and depth to
customize its analytics, policy advice and operational responses for clients. In doing so, the WBG
delivers more than the sum of its parts for IDA countries.

58
59
60

OECD, Total Official Aid Flows by Country and Region (ODA+OOF) (2017), available at https://stats.oecd.org/, and internal
World Bank estimates.
See Broccolini C., Lotti G., et al., IMF Working Paper: Mobilization Effects of Multilateral Development Banks (Washington
DC: IMF, February 2019).
The Forward Look: A Vision for the World Bank Group in 2030 DC2016-0009 (September 20, 2016).

- 11 -

FIGURE 6. WBG FINANCING IN IDA18 ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES IDA14 - IDA18
(US$ BILLION)

25.
IDA’s hybrid financial model presents unmatched value for money, by optimizing
IDA’s financial capacity and putting it to work for the world’s poorest and most vulnerable
countries. IDA leverages its Partner contributions and its equity to access financial markets, so
that every US$1 in Partner contributions supports more than US$3 of financing for programs in
IDA19 compared to only US$2 in IDA17 (see Figure 7). Furthermore, the hybrid financial model
dramatically increases IDA’s grant financing capacity: in IDA17, less than one-third of Partner
contributions financed grants; but now IDA can utilize nearly all new Partner contributions to
finance grants (see Figure 8). IDA also offers significant scale of financing and efficiency.
Administrative costs are fully covered by revenues, ensuring that all of donor contributions are
used for financing of programs for IDA clients. Moreover, in the last decade, IDA’s administrative
costs as a proportion of commitments have declined by nearly half (to about six percent of annual
commitments, or about one percent of the portfolio under supervision).
FIGURE 7. INCREASED EFFICIENCY IN USE
OF PARTNER CONTRIBUTIONS
$82B

FIGURE 8. PARTNER CONTRIBUTIONS VISA-VIS GRANT FINANCING
Partner grant contributions

Grant financing

$52B
x2
$26B

x3.5

$26 B

$23.5 B $22 B

$23.5B

$7 B
Partner
IDA17
Contributions Replenishment

Partner
Contributions

IDA19
Replenishment

IDA17

IDA19

26.
IDA is the largest source of unearmarked concessional finance for the world’s poorest
countries, and its country-driven model ensures that programming focuses squarely on the
development priorities of IDA countries. It is upon this unearmarked funding that much of the

- 12 -

earmarked funding from development partners is built. Unearmarked funds enable countries to
respond rapidly and flexibly to changing country needs and emerging global headwinds. In IDA19
for example, IDA offers an ambitious package on Jobs and Economic Transformation (JET), which
is a key priority for many IDA countries. IDA’s highly concessional lending terms – including no
or low interest charges, long maturity and grace periods – make IDA financing more affordable
and appropriate to address the structural, long-term development challenges faced by IDA
countries. IDA’s country allocations are driven primarily by country performance, which
incentivizes countries to improve institutional quality. In IDA19, the share of country allocations
relative to thematic windows will be increased. The process for programming IDA resources is
rigorous. Country analytics and strategies – Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs), Country
Partnership Frameworks (CPFs), and Performance and Learning Reviews (PLRs) - are subject to
consultation with public and private sectors and focus on supporting clients to achieve their
priorities. As a result, IDA’s country engagement is strategic, systematic and selective.
27.
IDA leans in to the most complex and stubborn development challenges and embraces
innovation. The Refugee Sub-window (RSW) has been a game-changer in bringing a development
focus to the forced displacement agenda. The Private Sector Window (PSW) is mobilizing private
sector solutions in the toughest markets. Complex infrastructure operations require cross-Global
Practice (GP) multi-country teams that often only IDA can provide. The solutions that IDA
develops are often mainstreamed throughout the WBG, other MDBs and bilateral partners. IDA19
will continue to forge a path to address the toughest development challenges, including on DRM,
debt sustainability, IFFs, gender-based violence (GBV), the jobs challenge, FCV drivers, disability
inclusion, and regional integration.
28.
IDA pioneers in results (see Box 1). Development results are core to IDA’s business
model, and continued Management attention ensures that the results culture is embedded
throughout IDA’s work. IDA’s Results Measurement System (RMS) aligns with the SDGs and
tracks both the progress of IDA countries and IDA’s contribution to this progress. (See also Section
II C below on IDA Results Measurement.) The RMS is enhanced each cycle to align with emerging
global and corporate priorities, while still allowing continuity to enable long-term monitoring. IDA
also invests in the data needed for evidence-based policymaking. In IDA19, for example, Policy
Commitment 12 under the Governance and Institutions Special Theme will help to increase
availability of core data for evidence-based policy making and programming.

- 13 BOX 1. IDA PROJECTS DELIVER LONG-TERM RESULTS
IDA tackles all the key drivers of poverty at scale. IDA delivers projects that respond to client development
priorities. IDA18 made significant progress in developing evidence in respect of FCV, jobs, governance, gender,
and climate. IDA19 will build upon this progress and shift from diagnostics to implementation and to results.

29.
Based on lessons learned, IDA’s value for money improves with each innovation and
productivity enhancement. To help contain the costs of doing business, the WBG is
implementing various initiatives to increase operational efficiencies. These have included expense
reduction and budget sustainability measures achieved under the Expenditure Review, as well as
internal reforms and policy measures as part of the WBG Capital Package. As a result, WB
productivity has increased significantly, as shown by its ability to deliver a cumulative 26 percent
growth of its IBRD/IDA active portfolio volume (net commitments) between Fiscal Year (FY) 14
and FY18 with a flat nominal budget. IDA is also a learning institution: its performance is subject
to significant internal reviews and audits, as well as ongoing, extensive evaluations from the
Independent Evaluation Group (IEG). 61 IDA actively uses findings and lessons from this
evaluative evidence to maximize its effectiveness.
30.
IDA convenes on a global scale and is a key partner to countries and institutions
throughout the world. IDA convenes diverse stakeholders, sets international agendas, promotes
sound economic management, focuses on the needs of the poor, tackles the most complex and
challenging problems, pioneers innovations, and delivers results. IDA18 benefited from the
generous contributions from 55 Partners, as well as their guidance and thought leadership.
Borrower representatives’ voices are critical to informing and shaping policies within IDA. By
bringing together these voices and interests, IDA has a unique ability to play a credible leadership
role in pursuit of global agendas as diverse as climate change, marine litter, crisis preparedness
and response, debt sustainability, and gender equality.

61

See World Bank, Learning from IDA Experience: Lessons from IEG Evaluations, with a Focus on IDA Special Themes and
Development Effectiveness. Synthesis Report. Independent Evaluation Group (Washington, DC: World Bank, April 2009).

- 14 -

31.
As an integrator across the international
BOX 2. COUNTRY PLATFORMS: VEHICLE FOR
system, IDA leverages global and local
PARTNERSHIP
partnerships to benefit IDA countries. On the
platforms build on government-led
ground in 65 IDA countries, IDA is a cornerstone Country
initiatives where better coordinated action and
of the multilateral system, working in partnership alignment under government leadership can help
with UN agencies, the European Commission (EC), to mobilize all development partners to unlock
the IMF and other MDBs, the myriad of vertical investments and maximize their contributions to
funds, and civil society organizations (CSOs) – address country-level development challenges as
This initiative reflects the evolving nature
including advocacy and operational CSOs, private aofgroup.
the global financial architecture and addition of
foundations, faith-based organizations, and think new development actors. Going forward, the
tanks. As a critical platform for development WBG is working with other MDBs and
partners, IDA provides the glue that enables all development partners to support governments in
partners to work together in an integrated manner building upon existing coordination mechanisms
tools of engagement. Pilot platforms would be
in support of IDA countries’ development and
launched in volunteering countries, reflecting a
priorities. These partnerships are critical to wide diversity of situations, including low-income
maximize impact for IDA’s clients and crowd in and FCS.
domestic, private and development partner
resources. For example, the WBG is working with other MDBs and development partners to
support countries in developing country platforms to address development challenges (see Box 2).
IDA is also coordinating closely with the IMF as it reviews its Debt Limits Policy (DLP) and with
other MDBs, including the African Development Fund (ADF), to develop common principles to
promote debt sustainability (see Box 4 in Debt section). In the context of forced displacement,
IDA works closely with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and local CSOs to
help countries to create development opportunities for refugee and host communities through
policy dialogue, operations, and knowledge sharing. (See Box 3.)
32.
For reasons described above, IDA is a development partner of choice. Reflecting the
WB’s stature and reach, developing country leaders ranked the WB among the top donors
regardless of region. IDA’s strong performance is similarly noted in multilateral aid reviews,
which point to IDA’s: unparalleled global reach and financial resources; strong country level
engagement; ability to anticipate and adjust to a changing global environment; robust oversight,
accountability and due diligence structures that ensure high levels of financial integrity; strong
compliance with social and environmental safeguards; strong risk, governance and internal
controls, including anti-corruption efforts; and ability to measure its contribution to development
results.62 Echoing this, a 2018 assessment by the Center for Global Development named IDA one

62

See Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN), The World Bank Institutional Assessment Report
2015-2016. The 2015-2016 report, which covers the period from 2014 to mid-2016, is the most recent assessment by MOPAN.
Previous assessments of the WB were in 2009 and 2012.

- 15 -

of the top performing providers of development assistance in its Quality of ODA ranking, citing
IDA’s low administrative costs, predictable aid flows, large project size, and scale.63

BOX 3. HOW IDA GRADUATES SUPPORT SOUTH-SOUTH LEARNING
Since IDA 15, the South-South Facility (SSF) has been supporting the mainstreaming of South-South knowledge
exchange throughout IDA products and services. It helps developing and emerging countries address development
challenges and implementation bottlenecks. These knowledge exchanges are based on demand expressed by
World Bank client countries and are designed with a strong focus on achieving results.
Some examples of knowledge exchanges facilitated include:
•

sharing India’s ICT sector development know-how with Sub-Saharan Africa, improving capacity for
migration management in Europe and Central Asia, improving water and soil conservation in SubSaharan Africa, helping indigenous communities in Nicaragua manage forest resources, enhancing the
water and sanitation program in Malawi, and improving spatial development planning in Mozambique;
and

•

the China-Africa South-South partnership focused on knowledge sharing and project financing. The
China-Africa Think Tank Alliance was launched in 2016 to bring together the intellectual capabilities of
think tanks and the financial strength of development finance institutions to promote sustained
development and investment activities in Africa.

Of the top 10 countries providing knowledge in SSF-funded exchanges between 2008 and 2018, India and
Indonesia have led 30 and 11 cumulative knowledge exchange engagements. On the other hand, the top 13
countries receiving knowledge in these exchanges were all IDA countries of which four are now graduates
(Vietnam, India, Bolivia and Indonesia). These outcomes demonstrate how IDA graduates are emerging as a
source and partner for the Bank for disseminating global knowledge about effective approaches to development.
For instance, Bank’s role as a global connector and broker of knowledge is a key priority under the India CPF –
as a “Lighthouse India” initiative.
Such South-South exchanges can also be critical in promoting IDA Special Themes as reflected in recent 2019
engagements covering issues such as climate smart agriculture development, solar energy, energy efficiency and
sanitation. These efforts will continue under IDA19 as learnings through IDA operations can benefit the broader
IDA community in the years to come.

33.
In doing all the above, IDA acts with openness and accountability to serve its clients
and partners. Results, operational and financial data are available to the public online, which
enables donors, clients, and citizens to hold IDA accountable. Every year for the last decade, the
Aid Transparency Index placed IDA in its highest category—ranking it among the most
transparent development institutions.64 IDA hosts regular CSO forums and consultations to ensure
that civil society voices shape decision-making. On substantive topics, IDA’s convening role
allows it well to support and spur transparency among partners also. In IDA19 for example, IDA
will create a Program of Creditor Outreach (PCO) to re-energize outreach to creditors, including
non-Paris Club private creditors, by facilitating information sharing, dialogue and coordination,
including coordination among MDBs. It will promote transparency of public debt by borrowers
and voluntary publication of loans, terms and conditions by creditors in line with IDA’s disclosure
practices, to help mitigate debt related risks. The PSW will also enhance transparency by
63

64

See Center for Global Development, How Do you Measure the Quality of Aid and Who Ranks the Highest?
(2018), available at https://www.cgdev.org/blog/how-do-you-measure-aid-quality-and-who-ranks-highest. See also Center for
Global Development, The Quality of ODA (2014), page 3.
See Aid Transparency Index 2018. http://www.publishwhatyoufund.org/reports/2018-Aid-Transparency-Index.pdf

- 16 -

expanding information available on PSW projects, including information on expected impacts and
subsidy provided.

SECTION II: TEN YEARS TO 2030: GROWTH, PEOPLE AND RESILIENCE
34.
IDA19 will build on the strong momentum of IDA18, to accelerate progress toward
the SDGs and Twin Goals.65 The coming decade will see higher macro risks and vulnerabilities.
Addressing these requires enhanced support to IDA countries, particularly to countries facing FCV
risks, bolstering governance and institutions, and unleashing the potential of markets to promote
a job-rich economic transformation. That transformation will ignite growth, rapid poverty
reduction and promote shared prosperity in these countries. That transformation cannot, however,
be achieved unless we ensure a level playing field through gender equality. It certainly cannot be
achieved if we ignore the dramatic productive changes and increased risks brought about by
climate change. Unless these themes are addressed, profound regional and global spillovers will
emerge.
A. IDA19 OVERARCHING THEME
35.
The IDA19 overarching theme “Ten Years to 2030: Growth, People, Resilience” is
IDA’s response to the global community’s ambition for a world free of poverty where
prosperity is shared by all. The theme underscores that the progress the SDGs depends on the
ability of IDA countries to finance productive investments and programs that generate growth,
improve people’s well-being, and promote their ability to plan for and cope with the adverse
impacts of climate change, fragility and unforeseen events. This theme also provides a framework
for the five Special Themes of IDA19 which continue to remain critical and relevant to supporting
IDA clients in securing good country outcomes. (See Figure 9.)
FIGURE 9. IDA19: TEN YEARS TO 2030: GROWTH, PEOPLE, RESILIENCE
Debt
Human Capital
Technology
Disability
Migration
Quality Infrastructure
Regional Program

65

See United Nations, The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2018 (2018).

- 17 -

36.
Growth drives poverty reduction and must be both inclusive and sustainable to have broadbased and lasting impact. In many IDA countries, welfare per capita of the bottom 40 percent in
IDA countries grew at 2.9 percent, in contrast to 4.4 percent in IBRD countries.66 Unless growth
accelerates and is more pro-poor, social cohesion and stability can suffer, potentially sowing seeds
for FCV. Inclusive growth requires addressing inequality, bridging differences between rural and
urban areas, and promoting gender equality and disability inclusion. Also, it is important to
improve human capital, and access to energy, transport services, and affordable and reliable
Information and Communication Technology (ICT), including broadband for households and
businesses. Investment in quality, accessible and sustainable infrastructure, equitable access to
energy, robust governance and institutions, economic transformation and the subsequent creation
of quality jobs are critical to growth. Finally, it is critical to ensure that debt financing is
transparent, sustainable and productive so that it promotes growth and shared prosperity.
37.
The focus on People is needed, not only for their own well-being, but because human
capital formation is essential to productivity, growth and resilience. This requires narrowing
inequalities of endowments and opportunities due to disparities such as gender, disability, parental
education and occupation, or place of birth. This, in turn, will require a combination of systemic
policies that level the playing field, with interventions (e.g., inclusive service delivery and financial
inclusion) that target disadvantaged groups, including people with disabilities. Human capital
formation is essential for readying people to lead productive lives and connecting them with good
jobs, which are essential to stimulating inclusive growth, addressing the pull factors of migration
and harnessing its economic benefits, and building social cohesion to reduce risks of FCV. With
IDA countries comprising 28 of the 30 countries at the bottom of the HCI Ranking Table, it is
clear that improving human capital outcomes is a critical priority.67
38.
Resilience is critical to sustained poverty reduction and development progress. Many
growth success stories are from countries that have strengthened governance and institutions for
essential service delivery, inclusion and accountability, and have managed to avoid setbacks at the
country, household and firm-level. However, poor countries suffer disproportionately from crises,
facing higher costs as a share of GDP from natural catastrophes compared to more developed
countries. They also bear the brunt of mortality from natural hazards68 and pandemics.69 IDA19
will enhance crisis management in various ways. It will include a policy commitment on pandemic
preparedness under the Governance and Institutions Special Theme. include a policy commitment
on pandemic preparedness. Also, as climate-related shocks can drag the vulnerable into poverty,
IDA19 will include a policy commitment on reducing the risks of climate shocks on poverty and
human capital outcomes. The Regional Window can support single-country operations with a
strong focus on prevention of and preparedness for natural disasters and pandemics, where they
might address cross-border spillovers. In addition, the Crisis Response Window (CRW), while a
66
67

68
69

Based on growth in consumption from circa 2011-2016, World Development Indicators, and the Global Database of Shared
Prosperity. See Figure 3.
The HCI data indicates that 56 percent of children live in countries with an HCI value below 0.5 (mostly IDA countries in
three developing regions − MENA, SSA and South Asia), meaning that the future GDP per worker in these countries could
be more than twice as high if these countries improved their health and education outcomes to reach the HCI frontiers.
UNISDR and CRED, Poverty and Death: Disaster Mortality 1996 - 2015. (2016).
Nita Madhav; Ben Oppenheim; Mark Gallivan; Prime Mulembakani; Edward Rubin; and Nathan Wolfe, “Pandemics: Risks,
Impacts, and Mitigation” in Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty, 3rd edition. Jamison et al.,
(Washington DC: World Bank Group, 2017).

- 18 -

crisis response vehicle, will help galvanize crisis preparedness by supporting greater use of
Contingent Emergency Response Components (CERCs) and making more explicit the linkages
between CRW usage and subsequent programming of country allocations for resilience. Using its
expertise and tools, IDA will support countries to strengthen resilience – such as by creating social
safety nets, particularly for the most vulnerable, and improving access to financial protection
mechanisms – to help sustain and preserve hard-won development gains. (See Annex 10 on IDA’s
Crisis Preparedness and Response Toolkit.)
39.
To deliver on the ambition of the Overarching Theme, the IDA19 Special Themes will
support policy actions and catalyze results in critical cross-cutting areas. Each of the Special
Themes will support IDA countries to invest in policies and programs that promote stronger and
more inclusive growth, improve peoples’ lives, and enhance resilience. The JET agenda supports
IDA countries to create more and better jobs, which are critical to economic growth and poverty
reduction. The additional focus on improved skills and employability puts people – including those
with disabilities – at the center of economic transformation and supports inclusive economic
growth and wellbeing. The Gender and Development Special Theme seeks to help IDA countries
create opportunities and strengthen the resilience of women and girls, including those with
disabilities who are often the most marginalized, deprived of voice and agency, ownership and
access to physical and financial assets and technology. Reducing the effect of climate shocks on
economic growth, poverty and human capital outcomes requires IDA to step up its efforts to
support IDA countries in managing Climate Change. Without an increase in climate-related
financing and support for adaptation and resilience, disadvantaged and vulnerable populations will
face growing risks to their livelihoods, which will result in increased poverty and lower human
capital outcomes. Prioritization of FCV risks is critical, as it underpins the impact of the
overarching theme, achievement of the Twin Goals and supporting IDA countries to meet the
SDGs. FCV risks disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations, impacting their
human capital and economic opportunities. As such, the FCV Special Theme aims to provide
tailored support to IDA FCS. Strengthening governance and building capable institutions is
fundamental to delivering equitable growth, high-quality jobs and better human capital outcomes.
The Governance and Institutions Special Theme will support IDA countries to leverage
technology for public sector transformation; manage their debt in a sustainable way; and ensure
that newly mobilized resources support better investments in people. (See Section III for full
discussion.)
B. CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES
40.
While the IDA19 policy package builds on IDA18 achievements, it places additional
emphasis on four issues where Participants want IDA to make a deeper impact. These are
debt, human capital, disability and technology. Debt risks and transformative technology are issues
that have gained in importance recently, and action on both are critical for the long-term economic
prospects of IDA countries. Likewise, investing in people, and especially in people with
disabilities who are often poor, is also critical to SDG progress. The specific policy actions needed
to make progress in these areas are included in Section III below on Special Themes and were
detailed in the Special Themes papers discussed in the June Replenishment meeting.70 This subsection provides a short overview of the cross-cutting issues.
70

See IDA19 Replenishment and Annex 12 with a list of all IDA19 papers.

- 19 -

Debt
41.
Participants expressed concern over the recent substantial increase in, and changed
composition of, public debt levels in IDA countries. Since 2013, the median government debtto-GDP ratio in IDA countries has increased significantly, reaching 50 percent in 2018 (see Figures
10 and 11). Moreover, the composition of public debt, especially external public debt, has shifted
toward costlier and riskier sources of finance. This shift reflects, in part, these countries’ increasing
access to international markets and to bilateral financing from new external creditors. It also
reflects continuing challenges with inadequate debt transparency, specifically the reporting on and
public disclosure of public and publicly guaranteed debt. While some of this new financing has
been put toward productive investments, greater reliance on these new sources of financing,
together with weaknesses in macroeconomic and structural policy frameworks and exposure to
external shocks (particularly by Small States), have heightened debt vulnerabilities in IDA
countries.
FIGURE 10. PUBLIC DEBT IN IDA
COUNTRIES, MEDIAN, PERCENT OF GDP

FIGURE 11. PUBLIC DEBT BY IDA
GROUPINGS, PERCENT OF GDP

42.
The number of IDA countries either at high risk of debt distress or already in debt
distress has doubled since 2014. As of end-July 2019, 34 out of the 68 IDA countries covered
under the joint WB-IMF Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF) were assessed at high risk of
external debt distress or in debt distress. Countries that are at high or moderate risk of debt distress
are disproportionately FCS, commodity dependent countries, and Small States.
43.
Participants acknowledged that access to new sources of financing, if managed well,
can help countries achieve their development goals. The challenge for the international
community is two-fold. The first challenge is to assist IDA countries to ensure that the benefits
exceed the costs of servicing their debt. IDA and other partners can help by supporting initiatives
that enhance capacity in areas such as public finance management, public investment management
including project screening and implementation, adoption of good procurement practices, and debt
management. This requires early identification of cases where the costs may exceed the benefits,
so that corrective action may be taken by country authorities, with support from IDA and other
partners. The second challenge is to respect the principles of debt transparency and sustainable
lending that include provision of concessional financing where and when needed.
44.
Rising debt risks have prompted the international community to step up its work to
help countries reduce public debt vulnerabilities. Recognizing that the primary responsibility
for addressing debt vulnerabilities lies with borrowers, the IMF and the WB are working together

- 20 -

to implement a Multi-Pronged Approach (MPA) to help member countries address debt
vulnerabilities. The MPA includes actions to assist countries to: (i) improve debt analysis/early
warning systems; (ii) enhance debt transparency; (iii) strengthen debt management capacity; and
(iv) review debt policies.
45.
The MPA includes a review of the IDA Non-concessional Borrowing Policy (NCBP)
and the IMF’s DLP. Based on the findings of the NCBP Review as well as the advice and
guidance of IDA Participants, and subject to approval by the IDA Executive Directors, the NCBP
will be replaced with a broader Sustainable Development Finance Policy (SDFP). The objective
of the forthcoming SDFP will be to incentivize countries to borrow sustainably and promote
coordination between IDA and other creditors in support of IDA countries’ efforts to address their
debt-related vulnerabilities. The policy will achieve this objective by: (i) strengthening IDA
recipients’ incentive structures with appropriate accountability measures and closer operational
linkages with country programs; (ii) enhancing collective action and partnerships among
borrowers, creditors and other development partners; and (iii) introducing more robust monitoring
and accountability measures.
46.
The forthcoming SDFP will have two key pillars. The first pillar is a Debt Sustainability
Enhancement Program (DSEP) to enhance incentives for countries to move toward sustainable
financing. This will include the clarification of debt reporting requirements to increase
transparency. The second pillar is a PCO, building on IDA’s global platform and convening role.
The objective of the program is to facilitate information sharing, dialogue and coordination,
including coordination among MDBs, and to help mitigate debt-related risks pertaining to supply
side factors (push factors). Effective collective action would go a long way toward mitigating risks
of unsustainable debt accumulation in IDA countries. (See Table 2.)
TABLE 2. TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FINANCING POLICY71
Objective and
coverage

NCBP
Broad objective.

SDFP
Underpinned by MPA

Narrow country coverage
(post-MDRI and IDA grant
only recipients)

Clearer objectives

Borrower
incentives

Volume cuts and hardening
of terms

Outreach and
transparency

Often driven by loan-byloan consideration
Outreach was effective, but
its scope limited.
In some instances, cases of
non-concessional
borrowing were not
reported.

71

Broader country
coverage - applies to all IDA countries.
The Debt Sustainability Enhancement
Program to enhance incentives for
countries to move toward sustainable
financing.
The Program of Creditor Outreach,
building on IDA’s global platform and
convening role to promote debt
transparency, outreach and creditor
coordination on sustainable lending
practices.

Lessons learned from the NCBP review underscore the need to maintain strong coordination between the forthcoming SDFP
and the IMF DLP, especially given the SDFP’s increase in country coverage.

- 21 -

47.
Participants requested that the forthcoming SDFP rely on an allocation “set-aside”
rather than an allocation “discount” as the main tool to incentivize countries to take policy
steps to reduce debt vulnerability risks. Under the forthcoming SDFP, IDA’s country allocations
to the countries at moderate risk of debt distress will be subject to a 10 percent set-aside. Country
allocations for countries at high risk of debt distress, or already in debt distress, will be subject to
a 20 percent set-aside. These set-asides may be later recovered upon completion of an agreed set
of a few priority policy and performance actions. With this system, countries consistently meeting
their annual performance and policy actions would maintain their full allocations for the IDA19
period and beyond. Countries consistently missing their annual targets would lose access to the
set-aside near the end of the IDA cycle and these resources would return to the Performance-Based
Allocation (PBA) envelope.
48.
The annual performance and policy actions will be anchored in country programs
and informed by sound diagnostics. The analysis of the country’s sources of vulnerabilities and
of debt management/transparency shortcomings - as identified, for instance, in debt sustainability
analyses (DSAs), Debt Management Performance Assessments (DeMPAs) or Public
Finance/Expenditure Reviews - will drive the choice of a few priority performance and policy
actions. Building up from the lessons learned during the NCBP Review, actions could include
meeting established debt limits. Actions will focus on supporting countries to improve fiscal
policy, debt management and debt reporting. Performance and policy actions will be defined in a
way that takes account of the differing needs and capacities of IDA countries. By tailoring the
annual performance and policy actions based on the specific circumstances of each IDA country,
the SDFP will ensure that low-capacity countries – including those affected by FCV or facing
structural challenges, including high vulnerability to shocks and the effects of climate change, such
as Small Island Economies – will also be able to make sufficient progress to access the set-aside.
In addition, the forthcoming SDFP would maximize the signaling effects to borrowers and to
creditors, by being simple and policy-oriented. The forthcoming SDFP will maintain the option of
hardening of terms where appropriate. IDA will continue to provide support for capacity building
in debt related issues, including to support countries implement the agreed performance and policy
actions. (See Annex 9 for further detail.)
49.
The forthcoming SDFP will be closely coordinated with the IMF’s DLP. Lessons from
the implementation review of the NCBP and DLP will inform coordination arrangements.
50.
The governance of the forthcoming SDFP will be developed and strengthened,
building on the lessons from the current governance of the NCBP. It will emphasize equity of
treatment and due processes. It will be simple, efficient, transparent and send clear signals to
borrowers and creditors. The accountability and decision-making process will incorporate
appropriate checks and balances to ensure that the implementation of the Policy is robust, with a
corporate SDFP committee making recommendations to Senior Management for final
decision. To ensure proper oversight, the Board will be regularly informed, including through an
annual SDFP implementation update. In addition, a review of the early experience and
implementation of the Sustainable Development Finance Policy, and any emerging lessons, will
be held at the IDA19 MTR.

- 22 -

51.
Participants welcomed the PCO and encouraged alignment with partners. While
recognizing the primary role of country borrowers in ensuring debt sustainability including by
enhancing debt transparency, the PCO will aim to re-energize outreach to creditors including nonParis Club and private creditors.72 It will facilitate information sharing, dialogue and coordination,
including coordination among MDBs, in promoting transparency of public debt by borrowers and
BOX 4. CORE PRINCIPLES ON DEBT
The WB is working with partners toward a set of general principles to promote information-sharing and
coordination among MDBs and IFIs with respect to the implementation of resource allocation frameworks and
similar debt/financing policies. These principles are intended to be a platform open to all MDBs and IFIs.
The proposed principles have linkages to the G20 Operational Guidelines for Sustainable Financing and
consultations are ongoing with the IMF, AfDB, IFAD, and others. The principles are structured around four
pillars:
a)
b)
c)
d)

Financing Policies
Creditor Coordination
Information Sharing and Transparency
Financial Innovation

The details under each pillar include consideration of debt sustainability in resource allocation decisions
(volumes and/or terms); engaging in dialogue on policies to reduce debt vulnerabilities, possibly in the form of
country platforms; exchange of information on policies; and supporting efforts on financing solutions that
enhance borrower country’s resilience. These principles are also referenced as part of the 15th replenishment of
the African Development Fund.

voluntary publication of loans, terms and conditions by creditors in line with IDA’s disclosure
practices, to help mitigate debt-related risks. (See Box 4.)
Human Capital
52.
Participants welcomed the WBG’s focus on human capital, given its central
importance to personal well-being, poverty reduction, productivity, inclusive growth, and
achieving the SDGs. They noted that a competitive workforce prepared for the jobs of the future
calls for investing in people by developing more and better programs to reduce malnutrition,
provide equitable and efficient health care, improve quality of education, strengthening skills and
creating jobs. IDA19 will support programs to tackle barriers to human capital and support
countries build and sustain human capital gains, including through the Human Capital Project
(HCP).
53.
Participants acknowledged the important role of IDA investment in human capital
outcomes.73 IDA19 will emphasize transparency and better governance and promote efficient use
of resources to improve access to services and strengthen the quality of services for better human
capital outcomes, gender equality and disability inclusion. It will also ensure a “whole of
government approach”, recognizing the cross-sectorial nature of human capital investments and
72
73

IDA’s creditor outreach efforts will complement ongoing efforts, notably by the Paris Club.
Since 2000, IDA has invested nearly US$47 billion in human capital sectors. Lending in these sectors doubled from US$5
billion in IDA13 to US$10 billion in IDA17. As one of the largest sources of aggregate external funding for education, IDA
has provided over US$28 billion in support to the education sector over the last five replenishments, representing on average
10 percent of IDA commitments and 50 percent of total WBG education financing.

- 23 -

aligning investments from different sectors (such as water and sanitation, transport, energy, among
others). IDA’s investment in human capital outcomes are outlined in the WBG strategies for
health, nutrition and population, and education.
a. In health, efforts will focus on: (i) strengthening systems for fair, efficient and sustainable
financing for health outcomes; (ii) ensuring equitable access to affordable and quality care,
including scaling up high-impact interventions to address nutrition-related conditions (such
as stunting and obesity) and communicable and noncommunicable diseases; and (iii)
harnessing the potential of other sectors to strengthen health outcomes and generate global
public goods. Participants noted that health security is central to universal health coverage
(see Box 5) in IDA countries and they welcomed the promotion of investments in
preparedness to strengthen countries’ ability to respond to public health emergencies,
including pandemics.
b. In education, IDA is helping countries reach SDG 4 through interventions in five key focus
areas (early childhood education; teachers’ professional development; management,
capacity and service delivery; higher education; and skills) and five cross-cutting areas
(girls’ education; new technologies; data and measurement; inclusive education; and
education in FCV contexts).
c. In the area of Social Protection and Jobs, IDA is helping households invest in human capital
and manage risk, strengthening and expanding social protection systems (including
delivery platforms) and maximizing good jobs to realize returns to human capital.

- 24 BOX 5. UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE (UHC) IN IDA COUNTRIES
Health has intrinsic value but is also instrumental for wealth accumulation, human capital formation, and is a sound
investment in future generations. The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health estimated that between 2000 and
2011, close to a quarter of full income growth in low and middle-income countries was driven by the value of
additional life-years gained. It has been estimated that a one percentage point increase in the adult survival rate
translates into 1.68 percent increase in labor productivity. The World Bank’s HCP aims to increase global
investment in human capital through better measurement and research on health and education, through country
engagements to improve human capital, and through the new HCI.
UHC is included in the 2030 SDGs, so that all people can access the health care they need, of sufficient quality to
be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship. UHC
has two pillars: coverage with essential, quality health care services and financial protection, and embodies the
commitment to giving priority to the worse off—the sickest, those with the lowest coverage, and the poor.
In 2016, over 3.6 billion people, roughly half of the world’s population, did not receive the health care they needed,
because those services were either unavailable, of low quality, or unaffordable (WHO and World Bank 2017).
Major coverage gaps for essential services persist mostly in developing countries. Global progress in financial
protection also lags. Every year, between 2000 and 2010, approximately 100 million people were pushed into
extreme poverty, and over 800 million people suffered financial catastrophe, from paying for health care out-ofpocket (WHO and World Bank 2017).
For coverage with quality essential services and financial protection, the overall level of health spending and the
sources of revenue matter. Economic growth is an important determinant of the capacity of governments to spend
on health. Another critical determinant is a governments’ ability to raise revenue. A third, important determinant
of government health spending is the priority that governments give to health in budget decisions. In both LICs and
LMICs, average amounts of domestic government spending fall short of the amounts needed to reach UHC by
2030. The “G20 Shared Understanding on the Importance of UHC Financing in Developing Countries” addresses
these issues, stressing the importance of securing robust health financing and acknowledging UHC’s contribution
in underpinning sustainable economic growth.
The limited ability to raise domestic financing for UHC in low- and lower middle-income countries poses a major
threat to the attainment of their UHC targets. Fifty-four countries, home to approximately 1.5 billion people, are
unlikely to meet the gross national income (GNI) per capita threshold for upper-middle-income status by 2030. In
these countries, through economic growth alone, domestic government spending on health will increase on average
to US$13 per capita in LICs and US$57 in LMICs by 2030. These amounts still fall far short of cost estimates for
the provision of essential services, approximately US$90 per capita in LICs and $118 per capita in LMICs. The
result is a projected UHC funding gap of US$68 billion in LICs and $108 billion in LMICs in 2030.

54.
Participants welcomed the HCP’s focus on the countries at the bottom of the HCI.
The lowest performing countries are characterized by a very high stunting rate, a total fertility rate
over four children per woman, and maternal mortality ratios over 400 per 100,000 women. As
noted earlier, 28 of the 30 countries at the bottom of the HCI Ranking Table are IDA countries,
mostly in SSA, and all score below 0.4 on the Index. Participants welcomed policy commitments
that focus on selected IDA countries among those with the lowest HCI, to: improve public
expenditures and sustainable aligning of domestic and external resources, and strengthen public
finance management for human capital financing under the Governance and Institutions Special
Theme; improve skills and employability in JET; and support increased access to quality
reproductive and adolescent health care under the Gender and Development Special Theme.
Participants also welcomed policy commitments to improve service delivery in selected FCS,
while addressing the constraints faced by men and women, boys and girls, including those with

- 25 -

disabilities. Participants encouraged IDA’s work to help develop more resilient health systems and
strategies for financing for health.
Disability
55.
A large and growing number of people in IDA countries experience a disability. At
least one billion people—or about 15 percent of the global population—live with a physical,
mental, intellectual, or sensory disability. 74 This number is expected to increase since the
prevalence of disability is largely affected by FCV, natural disasters, and forced displacement.
Many IDA countries are also experiencing an increase in chronic health conditions, such as
diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mental health issues, which will influence the nature and
prevalence of disability going forward.
56.
Disability disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. Disability intersects with
other determinants of inequities such as gender, race, ethnicity and age, and has a higher prevalence
in lower-income countries than in higher-income countries. People from the poorest wealth
quintile, women, and older people have a higher prevalence of disability. People with disabilities
more often have low incomes, are out of work, or have low educational qualifications.
Furthermore, disability can compound existing exclusion and vulnerability that people face. For
example, women and girls with disabilities often experience disproportionate barriers to education
and employment,75 and women and girls with disabilities are at greater risk of violence than men
with disabilities. School enrollment rates also differ; children without disabilities generally fare
better than those with physical, intellectual or sensory impairments. People with disabilities face
social exclusion, physical and environmental barriers that hinder their access to critical services
such as education, health, social protection, employment and financial services. As such, people
with disabilities face higher rates of multidimensional poverty, which results in exclusion,
including lower rate of educational attainment and economic and labor market participation.
57.
IDA will do more to help reduce inequalities within and among countries (SDG 10)
by helping them expand equitable opportunities for people with disabilities. Many barriers
faced by people with disabilities are avoidable, and the disadvantages associated with disability
can be overcome. Dealing with disability involves different sectors – health, education, social
protection, labor, transport, housing – and different actors – governments, CSOs (including
disabled people’s organizations), professionals, the private sector, and people with disabilities and
their families. That said, the kind of granular data that IDA uses to develop actionable policies,
programs and interventions is rarely disaggregated by disability. Improving the data environment
is thus a priority for IDA19. 76
58.
IDA19 will broaden the inclusion agenda by starting to integrate disability inclusion
across the portfolio. IDA will support evidence-based policymaking and ensure that public
services are more inclusive by assisting with improvements in social sector service delivery,
74
75
76

See World Bank and World Health Organization, World Report on Disability, (Geneva, Switzerland: World Health
Organization, 2011).
WHO and World Bank (2011); UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2018); Male, and Wodon (2017).
At the Global Disability Summit hosted in the United Kingdom in July 2018, the WBG committed to accelerate global action
for disability-inclusive development in key areas, such as data collection, education, digital development, gender, post-disaster
reconstruction, transport, private sector investments, and social protection.

- 26 -

boosting client’s ability to adopt universally accessible GovTech solutions, and strengthening the
availability of core data for evidence-based policy making, including disaggregation by sex and
disability. To promote inclusive and decent work for all (SDG 8), IDA will also ensure that
entrepreneurship projects incorporate digital elements that address constraints facing people with
disabilities.
59.
In IDA19, all investment operations will be screened for risks and opportunities for
people with disabilities and will be in line with the WB’s ten commitments on disability
inclusion. 77 The new Environment and Social Framework (ESF) that is applicable to all
investment projects under preparation will help to determine potential impacts on, or risks to,
people with disabilities. Where risks are identified, a further assessment will determine how this
risk can be avoided, managed and/or mitigated. The assessment will also consider how people with
disabilities can share project benefits, including opportunities for people with disabilities to be
employed, given the WBG commitment to non-discrimination, including in the workplace.
Projects supported through Investment Project Financing (IPF) will then consider reasonable
measures to adapt the workplace for workers with disabilities and will apply the concept of
universal access to the design and construction of new buildings and structures, wherever feasible.
Using this framework, progress and results under the above approach will be reported by a new
indicator in Tier 3 of the RMS that will track the share of IDA IPF operations that have applied
the concept of universal access at design. By investing in disability- inclusive projects, collecting
disability disaggregated data, promoting accessible and inclusive environments, and exploring the
development and uptake of assistive technologies, IDA will help promote more inclusive growth.
Technology
60.
Emerging technologies are disrupting traditional pathways and presenting both new
challenges and opportunities. New technologies are reshaping the nature of work, requiring
different skills that complement technology. Failure to adapt to new technologies could affect
firms’ competitiveness and more broadly, limited access to energy and other quality infrastructure
constrains the ability to harness new technologies. On the positive side, the economic and societal
transformations brought about by new technologies can dramatically accelerate progress toward
the SDGs and the Twin Goals. For example, automation and artificial intelligence could deliver
enormous productivity gains and hence growth. Digitization is expanding access to basic banking
services and distributed renewable energy technology is bringing affordable power to off-grid rural
populations. These technologies create opportunities for developing countries, and for countries in
Africa especially, to leapfrog.
61.
Inclusive and accessible digital technologies have the potential to unlock development
and accelerate progress toward the SDGs and Twin Goals. Without a concerted and collective
effort there is a risk that many of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable will be left behind.
Failure to acquire new skills increases inequality among workers. In particular, limited access to
accessible technology among women and people with disabilities holds them back from realizing
economic opportunities. Access to digital technology is a necessary but not sufficient condition
77

Announced at the Global Disability Summit in July 2018. They include commitments on data disaggregation, inclusive
education, transport, and technology and innovation. See World Bank Group, Commitments on Disability-Inclusive
Development, for full list of commitments.

- 27 -

for being digitally included and urgent attention is needed to address the range of barriers that
impede digital inclusion. These include: affordability of data and devices; online safety and
security; basic digital skills; locally relevant content; and gender and social norms.
62.
IDA countries must update their regulatory frameworks to take full advantage of new
technologies and address associated risks. Advances in sustainable power sources and new
modes of providing transportation services offer inclusive solutions in themselves and provide
important inputs to realizing the potential of the digital economy. Providing broadband access to
people not only requires digital platforms and services, but also secure identification systems and
financial services. These, however, raise concerns about data privacy and cybersecurity, which
must be addressed by strengthening regulatory frameworks.
63.
IDA19 will support IDA countries in the adoption of promising inclusive
transformative technologies. In addition to country allocations, the PSW will enable IFC and
MIGA to support this agenda through investments in connectivity and digital infrastructure.78 The
Regional Window will also support piloting of innovative technologies where there are strong
spill-over effects to other countries. IDA will support countries to create the opportunities and
mitigate risks associated with transformative technologies by operationalizing the WBG BuildBoost-Broker value proposition:79
a. Build — IDA will support countries in taking advantage of the new pathways of growth by
having the digital and physical infrastructure and enabling environment to compete across
all sectors of tomorrow’s economy and the digital foundations to expand access to new
opportunities. For instance, under JET, IDA19 will seek to help close the digital
infrastructure gap through doubling broadband penetration in Africa.
b. Boost — IDA will support the concerted efforts of governments, firms, and workers to
adapt to technology-enabled disruptions and to thrive in the new economy. This will
involve ideas responding to tech-enabled transformations that can boost the capacity of
individuals, firms, and institutions to form resilient societies and a new social contract.
Investments in digital skills can empower individuals to take advantage of new
opportunities, just as the HCP emphasizes foundational cognitive and socio-emotional
skills to better equip them for the changing nature of work. For instance, under the Gender
and Development Special Theme, IDA19 will support women’s access to higher
productivity jobs, including through online work and access to ICT services. Also, under
the FCV Special Theme, IDA will build client capacity to use field-appropriate digital tools
for data collection and analysis and apply this technology to enhance project
implementation and coordination.
c. Broker — to lead in the search for technology-enabled solutions to development
challenges. Through both pilots and early-stage investment and advisory programs, IDA
will support countries in adapting emerging promising technologies in cross-sectoral
78
79

Under IDA18, through the MIGA Guarantee Facility (MGF), PSW has allowed MIGA to support the expansion of digital
telecom services in Sierra Leone. More PSW projects in support of digital infrastructure are currently in the PSW pipeline.
See 2018 Annual Meeting background papers prepared for the Development Committee on “Human Capital: A project for the
world” and “Disruptive Technologies”.

- 28 -

contexts, with an eye toward scalability, sustainability, and measurable impact. IDA will
apply new technologies to accelerate meeting existing goals—such as Universal Financial
Access, Universal Health Coverage (UHC), and clean energy initiatives. IDA will work
with countries to harness technology to address data gaps, underscoring its role as provider
and facilitator of development data through partnerships with the private and public sectors.
Finally, by participating in multilateral dialogues, enhancing synergies between public and
private institutions, supporting global industry standards, and addressing regulatory gaps,
IDA will work to promote policy coherence in the transformative technology space.
C. IDA’S FOCUS ON RESULTS MEASUREMENT
64.
A focus on results is at the core of IDA’s business model.80 Introduced in 2002 as part
of IDA13, the IDA RMS is the main reporting and accountability tool for tracking progress and
reporting results achieved by IDA. Over the years, the RMS has been periodically revised to reflect
the changing nature of IDA’s business and to incorporate lessons learned from implementing the
RMS. Key changes include: (i) alignment with the Millennium Goals (and later the SDGs); (ii) the
introduction of an indicator tier that aims to capture results in IDA countries attributable to IDA
activities, and another tier for tracking IDA’s operational and organizational effectiveness; and
(iii) the introduction of indicators that capture progress under the IDA Special Themes. The IDA19
RMS expands and deepens the framework developed for IDA18. It contains 79 indicators, of
which 65 are retained from the IDA18 RMS. 81 Modifications in scope, format, and choice of
indicators are driven by lessons learned, shifting client demand, data quality and availability, and
ensuring fit for purpose.
65.
Participants endorsed further refinements to the IDA RMS based on the following
guiding principles:
a. Adjust indicators of RMS to address weaknesses, while maintaining continuity with the
IDA18 RMS to enable long-term monitoring;
b. Ensure relevance to IDA19 Special Themes and cross-cutting issues—debt, disability,
human capital, and technology; and
c. Maintain alignment with global and corporate priorities, including the SDGs, the HCP, and
the WBG’s Cascade approach.
66.
Participants endorsed the proposed IDA19 RMS indicators that reflect the priorities
under the five Special Themes and the four cross-cutting issues. While supporting a reduction
in the total number of indicators, Participants welcomed the proposal to introduce thirteen new
indicators to capture: DRM, primary education, and marine protected areas (in Tier 1); access to
enhanced transportation services, country engagements supporting large-scale assessments, access
to internet, debt reporting, and the use of digital technology (in Tier 2); and performance and
quality of IDA’s Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA), IDA’s budget efficiency, mitigation of
80
81

See the accompanying IDA Paper, The IDA19 Results Measurement System (May 2019).
Tier 1 includes 33 indicators, 29 of which are retained from the IDA18 RMS. Tier 2 includes 20 indicators, 15 of which are
retained from the IDA18 RMS and five are new. Targets for tier 2 indicators are based on expected contributing IDA operations
(ongoing and in preparation) during the IDA19 cycle and the IDA18 track record, where, whether or not the underlying project
was approved during the IDA cycle. Tier 3 includes 26 indicators, 21 of which are retained from the IDA18 RMS and five are
new.

- 29 -

IFFs in IDA countries, disability, and new priorities under the Climate Change and Governance
and Institutions Special Themes (in Tier 3). Participants emphasized the importance of more
disaggregation by sex and to capture disability wherever feasible. (See Annex 1.)
67.
Participants urged Management to continue to move toward a greater focus on
development outcomes. Participants noted the proposed adjustments to the RMS to strengthen its
focus on outcomes, also recognizing that long-term or higher-level outcomes (e.g., reduced
poverty, reduced morbidity) are usually beyond the scope or timeframe of individual projects.
Participants also appreciated the challenges associated with aggregation (e.g., increased yields for
different types of crops) and attribution. While acknowledging these challenges, Participants
underscored the importance of capturing long-term results supported by IDA beyond one
replenishment cycle. As agreed with the IBRD/IDA Board, the WB will conduct a pilot to
document longer-term development outcomes covering multiple IDA cycles.
68.
Participants noted that the IDA RMS will be supplemented by other tools to provide
a more comprehensive picture of IDA’s activities and impact. Those tools will include IDA
Results Stories (such as a description of the challenges faced by IDA countries, approaches used
to address them, and the results achieved); results frameworks for IDA projects; CPFs or Country
Engagement Note (CENs); reporting on IDA policy commitments; and multiple reviews of IDA
conducted by the IEG.
69.
Participants appreciated the continued efforts to align the IDA RMS with the SDGs.
The criteria used for aligning the RMS with the SDGs, introduced in IDA18, remain relevant for
the IDA19 RMS: (i) harmonizing the SDGs with the WBG goals and strategy; (ii) balancing the
SDG agenda with the WB’s country-led engagement model and varied client capacity to provide
or report quality data; and (iii) ensuring that the RMS incorporated critical areas of the SDGs in
which IDA has substantial engagements or comparative advantage. Of the 79 IDA19 RMS
indicators being proposed, 60 are aligned with the SDGs.
70.
Participants called for greater harmonization of IDA results indicators with those of
other MDBs. More consultation and harmonization of results measurement and reporting by
MDBs could help assess their cumulative and individual contributions toward SDGs in specific
countries, as well as facilitate better coordination of development assistance based on comparative
advantage.
71.
Participants appreciated that the IDA RMS will continue to be updated and publicly
disclosed each year. In addition, a detailed update on progress across all tiers of the IDA19 RMS
will be available at the IDA19 MTR.

SECTION III: SPECIAL THEMES
72.
IDA19 retains the Special Themes of IDA18 given their continued importance and
relevance to help countries achieve good country outcomes. As noted earlier, heightened macro
risks and vulnerabilities call for enhancing support to IDA FCS, bolstering governance and
institutions, and unleashing the potential of markets to promote a job-rich economic

- 30 -

transformation. Yet, progress will not be achieved unless we empower women by promoting
gender equality and support countries in addressing the changes and risks brought about by climate
change.
A. SPECIAL THEME 1: JOBS AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
73.
Recognizing the critical importance of inclusive and sustainable economic
transformation and the creation of quality jobs as the pathway to poverty reduction and
shared prosperity in IDA countries, Participants called for a central and strengthened role
of the JET Special Theme in IDA19. Economic transformation —shifting from lower to higherproductivity activities, within and across sectors and firms, from rural to urban areas, and from
self- to wage-employment— is the key to sustainably creating better jobs at scale. Given that more
than five out of six people in extreme poverty live in rural areas, and with labor income accounting
for 95 percent of earnings for poor households, raising agricultural productivity and shifting
workers from agriculture into jobs in industry and services in towns and cities is at the heart of the
JET agenda. Moving from simple to more advanced agriculture, services and industry underlies
the ability to continue raising productivity and earnings. Embedding a JET focus in IDA projects
will ensure that they are designed to contribute to sustainably creating jobs at scale, through
expanding private investment and connecting to markets while deepening workers’ human capital,
so more people can access these opportunities, be more productive and raise their earnings.
74.
Participants emphasized the increasing importance and need to address JET in the
context of demographic and global growth challenges. The jobs challenge is acute: around 20
million jobs need to be created in IDA countries every year for the next decade, simply to meet
the growing number of young men and women entering the labor market. Yet job creation remains
far below what is needed: SSA and SAR created just nine million ‘good jobs’82 on average each
year over the last decade. As noted earlier, failure to close the jobs gap raises significant social
risks as well as migration pressures.83 Closing the jobs gap will be all the more difficult given
predictions of moderating global growth, declining commodity prices, rising costs of borrowing,
greater risks of protectionism and technological change that is transforming the nature of work.
75.
Participants underscored the urgency in generating more and better private sector
jobs and reducing the need for economic migration due to lack of economic opportunities in
IDA countries. IDA19 is committed to helping IDA countries meet SDG 8 on ‘full and productive
employment’, through an approach that focuses on creating and connecting to markets, in
combination with building capabilities and connecting workers to jobs. IDA19 will aim to support
deeper structural changes and market integration that catalyzes additional opportunities and raises
productivity in IDA countries. It will require facilitating job-creating investment by the private
sector and supporting workers and entrepreneurs with the capabilities to take advantage of
opportunities to access jobs and raise earnings, as well as strengthening institutions that protect
workers and support mobility. Working with both public and private sectors, IDA19 will bring the
whole WBG together to support creating inclusive economic opportunities in IDA countries.
Demographic imbalances and environmental changes will affect the incentives and gains from
migration. Expanding opportunities within IDA countries should bring development dividends and
82
83

“Good jobs” is defined here to include salaried and waged workers and entrepreneurs with employees.
World Bank, Leveraging Migration for Development: A Briefing for the World Bank Board (September 2019).

- 31 -

help to address the pull factors for economic migration based on income gaps and inequality. In
IDA19, IDA will continue to implement the IDA18 commitment to apply a migration lens in those
IDA countries where migration has a significant economic and/or social impact (including home,
host, and transit countries), including analytics that close critical knowledge gaps. Building on this
work, in IDA19, country programs and design of operations in these IDA countries will be
informed by migration diagnostics. IDA will also support countries’ efforts to ensure migration is
orderly, safe and legal, and make it more likely to benefit both the sending and hosting countries.
(See Box 6.)
76.
Participants supported the IDA19 JET framework, which emphasizes a
comprehensive and balanced approach to inclusive and sustainable economic
transformation by facilitating job-creating private investment and building the capabilities
of workers and entrepreneurs. This framework is built on two pillars:
a. Creating and connecting to markets, includes a focus on critical infrastructure and
enabling environment reforms that create the conditions for jobs-rich private investment,
particularly in tradables. This requires effective macroeconomic and debt management,
sound governance, well-functioning product markets, financial markets and factor markets.
Access to markets is underpinned by investments in high-quality infrastructure, regional
integration, integrated digital development, and pro-poor trade strategies that reinforce
comparative advantage, and leverage domestic, regional, and Global Value Chains (GVCs)
in high productivity agriculture, manufacturing, and services sectors; and
b. Building capabilities and connecting workers to jobs, which focuses on strengthening the
capabilities of workers to take advantage of new opportunities to access jobs and raise
earnings, particularly through investments in human capital as well as ensuring that social
protection supports workers in managing the transitions that result from economic
transformation. This will require an agenda that includes: foundational improvements in
human capital, for instance through early childhood development, strengthening primary
health care toward UHC, and delivering effective basic education; supporting the
acquisition of jobs-relevant skills to prepare young men and women through vocational
education and on-the-job training; strengthening the capabilities of entrepreneurs and
managers, so that firms can expand and create more and better jobs; social protection and
labor mobility strategies to support increased worker employability; protection of worker
rights; and enabling safe, legal and sustainable overseas migration. (See Figure 12.)
FIGURE 12. IDA19 JET FRAMEWORK

- 32 BOX 6. MIGRATION AND FORCED DISPLACEMENT
Economic migration: meeting the jobs challenge
Around 20 million jobs need to be created in IDA countries every year for the next decade, simply to meet the
growing number of young men and women entering the labor market. Labor markets already face high levels of
under-employment and low-quality jobs, with people working in own-account farming or in non-farm household
enterprises. Few have waged jobs and fewer are in the formal sector. Income gaps between the jobs available at
home and perceived earnings opportunities abroad are among the principal drivers of economic migration.
Accelerating the growth of better jobs for the expanding young workforce is at the heart of IDA19. The JET Special
Theme takes a balanced approach to increasing demand for labor and improving the quality of labor supply. It
supports the growth of markets and connecting firms to them, to raise demand for labor. It also supports building
workers’ capabilities through human capital investments and training that help connect them to better jobs. This
will increase opportunities for millions of youth whose human capital potential is not being fully utilized and who
lack access to the capital or technology to be more productive.
In IDA19, in those IDA countries where migration has a significant economic or social impact, country programs
and design of operations in will be informed by migration diagnostics. In addition, JET will support:
- better jobs in agriculture and food systems, particularly in rural value chains, by connecting smallholder
farmers to markets, providing inputs and technical assistance to meet international market standards;
- increased IFC investments in IDA countries, through the PSW;
- the modernization of regional infrastructure systems such as power and transport, including cross-border
connectivity, to increase firms’ investment opportunities;
- doubling broadband penetration in at least 25 IDA countries and the inclusion of digital financial services and
digital entrepreneurship in IDA’s support for MSMEs; and
- intensified support to improve human capital, skills and employability, especially for girls, in at least 10 IDA
countries amongst the lowest-ranked in the Human Capital Index.
Meanwhile, the WBG will continue to support the strengthening of safe, legal migration channels which protect
migrants from exploitation and focus migratory flows toward areas that are mutually beneficial to sending and
receiving economies and which harness the development benefits of migration. The WBG will also work to leverage
the financial flows produced by migrants to accelerate jobs growth in their origin countries. Migrant remittances
already outstrip both FDI and ODA; and they will shortly outstrip the sum of the two. So the WBG will continue to
support efforts to reduce the cost of remittance transfers and promote diaspora bonds, in addition to efforts to reduce
recruitment costs paid by migrant workers.
Forced Displacement: the challenge of creating development opportunities for the most vulnerable
Among the 71 million forcibly displaced people in the world, more than half are under the age of 18 and almost
three-quarters are women and children. Forced displacement has also become increasingly complex and protracted,
with substantial socio-economic impacts on both refugee and host communities. In IDA18, the US$2 billion RSW
was created to support medium- to long-term development opportunities for refugee and host communities. In
addition, the Crisis Response Window (CRW) has supported several IDA countries to manage crises and mitigate
large refugee flows, often related to climate impacts. IDA19 will continue this by:
- increasing resources to create development opportunities for refugee and host communities; and
- scaling-up regional approaches to fragility in areas acutely affected by forced displacement, including the
Sahel, Lake Chad region, and the Horn of Africa.
Climate change: a wild card for migration
Increased drought and desertification, rising sea levels, repeated crop failures, and more frequent and extreme
weather events are likely to increase both internal and international migration. IDA19 will focus on:
- resilience-building through strengthening crisis-related programming in the recipient’s country allocations
portfolio, and developing an early response to tackle slow-onset crises;
- boosting support to adaptation, particularly among poor households least able to cope with negative shocks
and supporting at least 25 countries to reduce the risks of climate shocks on human capital outcomes by through
adaptive social protection; and
- leveraging prospects on the upside, by helping client countries take advantage of the business and economic
opportunities of a transition to low-carbon climate-resilient development.

- 33 -

77.
A sustained effort is needed to realize benefits across the full spectrum of jobs,
including raising the quality of jobs in the informal sector and ensure inclusive access to
earnings opportunities. Informality is both pervasive and persistent in IDA countries. In SSA and
South Asia, three out of four workers are either self-employed or a family worker.84Therefore,
continued attention is needed to improve productivity and earnings within the informal sector,
through expanding access to markets and building capabilities and resilience. This will be critical
for the inclusion of women, youth, and people with disabilities, who are significantly
overrepresented in the informal sector, particularly in FCS contexts. A strong focus on gender
inclusion will be incorporated across IDA’s work on the JET agenda over IDA19, from addressing
occupational sex segregation, to ensuring women’s voice and access to productive infrastructure,
to support women’s access to skills, finance, and markets.
78.
Policy and investment priorities to address JET depend on the individual context of
each country and should leverage IDA’s country-based model. Specific pathways will vary
significantly across countries depending on resource endowments, comparative advantages, and
market access, among others. With systematic analytics to support decision making and
prioritization, countries can develop targeted strategies for JET through CPFs, identifying the
sources of growth that are available to them and prioritizing the constraints to be addressed.
79.
Participants welcomed the substantial progress that was made on JET in IDA18 and
supported the heightened ambition and greater focus on operational impact in IDA19. JET
policy commitments in the IDA18 package provided the analytical base to direct IDA’s focus on
the JET agenda: influencing strategic diagnostics, country-level priorities, and project-level
design, as well as strengthening our capacity to measure the impact IDA is having on JET
outcomes. IDA19 marks a pivot toward operational impact, changing the way the WBG
approaches JET, including the incentives for focusing on more transformational, job-creating
interventions led by the private sector. This will be achieved by supporting the development of a
dynamic and inclusive digital economy, enabling greater integration through GVCs, and
leveraging quality infrastructure to power firms and connect them to markets (see Box 7). The JET
Special Theme will be integrated into the broader WBG country strategies and mobilize a “wholeof-WBG” approach tapping into wider range of WBG instruments and leveraging strategic
collaborations with development partners such as the G20 Compact with Africa. Guided by
country priorities, it will focus on creating markets and channeling capital toward investments that
facilitate inclusive and sustainable economic transformation and unlock job-creating private
investment. WBG analytical work such as SCDs and CPSDs will provide the analytical
underpinning of the JET agenda. It will mobilize more integrated and coordinated WBG
engagements in IDA countries including through the Cascade approach. As part of the WBG
efforts, IDA will draw on its full range of instruments—advisory work, investment financing,
guarantees, financing for policy reforms, etc. They could be financed through IDA country
allocations or dedicated windows such as the PSW, Scale-up Window (SUW), or the Regional
Window.

84

International Labor Organization, World Employment and Social Outlook (Geneva, Switzerland : ILO, 2015).

- 34 -

BOX 7. G20 PRINCIPLES FOR QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
The focus on both the quantity and the quality of infrastructure investment is important for maximizing the
developmental impact of infrastructure investment. In this context, the G20 under Japan’s presidency has set out
principles for quality infrastructure investment, outlining a “virtuous circle”, whereby job creation, technology
spillovers, enhanced capacities, and improved productivity resulting from quality infrastructure investment
contributes to growth and crowds in further private investment.
These key principles for quality infrastructure investment include:
-

Principle 1: Maximizing the positive impact of infrastructure to achieve sustainable growth and
development
Principle 2: Raising Economic Efficiency in View of Life-Cycle Costs
Principle 3: Integrating Environmental Considerations in Infrastructure Investments
Principle 4: Building Resilience against Natural Disasters and Other Risks
Principle 5: Integrating Social Considerations in Infrastructure Investment
Principle 6: Strengthening Infrastructure Governance

Various policy commitments under JET and Governance are aligned with these G20 principles.
Source: G20 Principles for Quality Infrastructure Investment, G20 Osaka Leaders’ Declaration annex.

80.
The aim of the JET Special Theme is to support IDA countries’ efforts to create and
build markets and transform entire economies – which is a massive ambition. With the
Continental Free Trade for Africa agreement, other regional agreements and regional economic
communities, there are both new opportunities and regional partners to reinforce the reform
agenda. In individual countries, economic transformation requires numerous investments across
many sectors and working with a wide range of stakeholders. To have the biggest impact and best
support from country governments to deliver their JET vision, development partners, including the
WBG, need to coordinate and collaborate amongst themselves under the country government’s
leadership and shaped by the individual country context - bringing together a range of relevant
MDBs, international institutions (e.g., the International Labour Organization (ILO)), multilaterals,
donors, CSOs, unions and the private sector (depending on the country’s decision about whether,
and if so how, to bring in private investment). The aim is to work toward a coherent vision and set
of actions for JET, including specific objectives and actions, with potential joint projects,
strategies, programmes, work and staffing planning, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation
(M&E.) It would require on-going coordination and collaboration between MDBs and
development partners. IDA will continue to collaborate proactively with partners at the country
level as led and supported by country authorities, including through country level efforts in the
context of the G20 Reference Framework for Effective Country Platforms, the Compact with
Africa, etc.
81.
Reflecting the ambition of the JET agenda, additional efforts are needed on the
measurement agenda and on South-South learning. Of interest are not only the direct jobs
created by projects, but also estimates of the likely larger impacts on indirect and induced jobs
from reforms or infrastructure investments. Where possible, some measures might be able to be
disaggregated by gender, age, disability, and income. Attribution will remain a challenge. Pilots
are needed to expand approaches, with the intention of informing possible jobs indicators for
IDA20. Recognizing both the successful transitions some countries have achieved and that country

- 35 -

contexts differ, sharing knowledge and experience of working on the JET agenda should be
particularly fruitful.85
82.
In the context of this step-change in the approach to JET in IDA19, Participants
welcomed the following policy commitments:
Pillar 1: creating and connecting to markets:
1. WBG will undertake interventions in 10-15 countries to help them address bottlenecks in
sectors with high potential for private-sector led job creation and economic transformation,
which will be country specific and could include sectors such as agribusiness,
manufacturing and others. Proposed WBG actions will be grounded in diagnostics, such as
the CPSD findings and jobs diagnostics, and selected in agreement with country
authorities.
2. At least 66 percent of agriculture and agribusiness projects in IDA countries include
support for participation in value chains with high potential for growth and jobs creation,
through connecting producers to markets, technical assistance for meeting international
standards and regulations, adoption of modern technology, supporting logistics and
reducing trade costs.
3. IDA will support at least 15 IDA countries to develop their primary and secondary cities
through an integrated package of support to deliver sustainable, inclusive and productive
cities with a focus on JET, including through climate-smart development, strengthening
urban land management, and development of enabling infrastructure for job creation.
4. IDA will support in 10 IDA countries the development and modernization of regional
infrastructure (e.g., power, transportation) and cross-border policy reforms with high
potential for export promotion, increased productivity and labor mobility.
5. To help close the digital infrastructure gap, IDA will support 25 IDA countries to double
their broadband penetration (16 on the African continent), including eight in landlocked
countries, by 2023.
6. IFC will aim to increase the share of its commitments in FCS-IDA17 & LIC-IDA17
countries,86 reaching 10-15 percent of its own-account commitments on average during the
IDA19 cycle. Such commitment is conditional on the approval of the IFC’s resolutions for
the capital increase and on having a significant portion of the new shares offered to
shareholders being subscribed to.

85

86

See World Bank Flagship reports such as the World Development Report 2019 – The Future of Work; The Future of
Manufacturing-Led Development; Pathways to Better Jobs in IDA Countries: Findings from Jobs Diagnostics; The Innovation
Paradox; Future of Food: Maximizing Finance for Development in Agricultural Value Chains; High Growth Entrepreneurs;
Digital Jobs for Young Women; and Electricity Uptake for Economic Transformation in Africa.
LIC-IDA17: Countries that are classified as low-income countries (LIC) as of July 1, 2016 (GNI per capita <=$1,025 in 2015).
FCS-IDA17: The subset of IDA17-eligible countries that are also on the latest (FY19) FCS list. See Annex 4 of IFC Strategy
and Business Outlook Update (FY20-FY22) for more details.

- 36 -

Pillar 2: building capabilities and connecting workers to jobs:
7. 50 percent of entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
projects will incorporate digital financial services and/or digital entrepreneurship elements
– and ensure they address particular constraints facing women and people with disabilities.
8. IDA will support at least 15 IDA countries, including at least 12 of those among the 30
with the lowest HCI, with programs or policies to improve skills and employability toward
more and higher-quality jobs, considering the differential constraints facing young women
and men, and people with disabilities.
Cross-cutting commitments:
9. IDA will embed a JET focus in all IDA country programs and the design of operations as
appropriate, informed by diagnostics such as SCDs and CPSDs, and reflected in all new
IDA CPFs and PLRs, including enhanced use of JET results indicators. Where relevant,
IDA country programs and design of operations will be informed by migration diagnostics.
10. Under country government leadership, IDA will actively participate in country platforms
to collaborate and coordinate with partners and stakeholders (including MDBs, DFIs,
bilaterals, and the private sector, etc.) in at least 10 IDA countries toward developing a
coherent vision, and a set of actions for JET, and mobilization of private finance.
11. All SCDs of IDA countries at moderate or high risk of debt distress will address the
country’s approach for sustainably financing its development.
12. IDA will conduct 20 pilots in ‘economic transformation IDA projects’ to estimate indirect
and/or induced jobs. The IFC will track direct jobs and estimates of indirect jobs associated
with all IFC PSW investments. Where feasible, jobs reporting will be disaggregated by the
poorest quintile, gender, FCS, disability and youth.
13. IDA will work with regional institutions on capacity building and skills in addition to
establishing strategic partnerships with at least three RECs to promote regional markets
and develop regional value chains.
B. SPECIAL THEME 2: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
83.
Closing the gaps between women and men, boys and girls is central to the achievement
of the SDGs as well as the Twin Goals. Closing gaps sets countries on a sustainable path toward
more diversified economies, higher levels of productivity and better prospects for the next
generation. At the same time, the private sector increasingly recognizes that closing gender gaps
in employment and leadership can mean better talent, higher productivity, innovation, a wider
customer pool and ultimately a stronger bottom line. With its country-driven, multi-sector, and
public-private business model, IDA can play a central role in helping countries close gaps between
women and men to meet the SDGs. IDA19 will strive to close gender gaps in health and education,
workforce participation and financial inclusion.
84.
IDA’s approach to gender has significantly evolved over past replenishments to go
deeper in addressing gaps. As a result, IDA countries have made progress, but key gaps remain:
a. IDA countries have made progress toward equality between males and females, especially
in health and education, but first-generation issues remain in the attainment of human

- 37 -

endowments. Both women’s and men’s life expectancy have improved in IDA countries.87
Overall, gaps in various dimensions of education have closed. For instance, the most recent
data for IDA countries show primary completion rates at 79 percent for boys and 75 percent
for girls and lower secondary completion rates at 52 percent for boys and 49 percent for
girls. But averages mask critical issues: girls lag boys in educational enrollment and
attainment in parts of countries or regions, and other factors often compound the gap, such
as being born into a minority ethnic group, the poorest households or living with a
disability. To continue to close these gaps, IDA will deepen implementation of what works
in these areas.
b. In most IDA countries today, data indicate that gender inequality has been stubbornly
persistent across multiple dimensions of work. Women in IDA countries are more likely
than men to engage in low-productivity activities, be unpaid family workers, work in
informal employment, and transition more frequently between informal employment and
being out of the labor force. Gender gaps in hourly wages are prevalent in all countries,
including IDA. Additionally, women still earn less on average, primarily because they
cluster in lower-wage industries and occupations, and in most countries, women are also
more likely to be found in part-time work than men.
c. Despite the dramatic worldwide increase in account ownership in a financial institution,
women continue to trail men, with the gender gap in developing economies unchanged at
nine percentage points since 2011 (with important country variations). Fifty-six percent of
all unbanked adults are women. Women are also overrepresented among the unbanked in
economies that have successfully increased account ownership. Women-owned firms tend
to be smaller than men’s, employ fewer people, and are more likely to be home-based.
Only 29.4 percent of firms in IDA countries have female participation in ownership.
Similarly, at 17.4 percent, the share of firms with women as top managers is low. Women’s
relative access to credit is an important factor constraining women in Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs), along with non-financial barriers such as inadequate physical
infrastructure and restrictive legal and regulatory frameworks. As financial services expand
rapidly, opportunities remain to be realized in increasing access for women and men, and
in closing gender usage gaps.
d. Limited access to and use of technology is another factor holding back women’s economic
opportunity in IDA countries. Among IDA countries with data, some show stark
differences in internet use between men and women. Similarly, women in some IDA
countries are less likely than men to own or use mobile phones and mobile internet. This
gender gap in access to mobile technology limits economic opportunity across several
dimensions. For instance, many women in IDA countries live in a context of conflict, poor
infrastructure and/or remoteness, where access to mobile platforms can be the only way to
avoid financial exclusion and ensure relatively safer non-cash transfer systems. These gaps
can be closed if IDA supports investments to expand internet technology.

87

At the same time, 25 out of 30 countries with the lowest Human Capital Index ranking, mostly in SSA, have a total fertility
rate over 4 which increases maternal mortality, constrains women’s economic opportunities, and prevents countries from
completing the demographic transition and reaping the benefits of the demographic dividend. The adult lifetime risk of
maternal mortality for women in SSA is one in 36 (one in 18 in Chad and one in 22 in Somalia) and 21 countries, all in Africa,
still experience more than 500 maternal deaths per 100,000 births.

- 38 -

e. Finally, women and girls in IDA countries are often deprived of voice and agency, with the
incidence of GBV remaining very high: 35 percent of women worldwide have experienced
either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence.
Lack of voice and agency is reinforced by GBV. Giving women an equal voice and role in
decision-making in societies and households may be the most difficult part of the gender
equality agenda. Prevention and responses call for policies and public action to change
social norms, the law, and legal institutions, alongside programs to promote economic
opportunities, social protection, and education. Engaging men and boys as key change
agents, especially in supporting care work, dismantling norms that sanction violence
against women, and promoting the benefits of gender equality for men and women, are
also necessary.
85.
IDA19 highlights the importance of seizing emerging opportunities while continuing
the work to build on commitments in IDA18 and earlier. Participants welcomed Management’s
commitment to continue to implement IDA18 priorities in education, jobs (safe transport), assets
(financial inclusion), and voice and agency. Participants also welcomed Management’s
commitment to continue the delivery of social protection for the world’s poorest, much of which
is already focused on women. At the same time, IDA19 will use emerging opportunities to speed
up the closing of gaps between women and men and to enhance women’s empowerment through
social protection programs. The launch of the HCP presents an opportunity for IDA to increase
the support of investments in countries that are the most human capital-poor, with impacts that can
help close gaps between women and men, boys and girls, especially in health and education.
IDA19 will also build on the growing experience from an innovative approach to increase
women’s and adolescent girls’ empowerment, knowledge, skills and their access to quality
reproductive, child and maternal health care and nutrition services along with education and
economic and livelihoods opportunities. The approach was developed through projects in the Sahel
Women’s Economic and Demographic Dividend (SWEDD) series, which deploys multisector
action to empower women in subnational hotspots for child marriage and teenage pregnancies.
Projects with this approach are now active in seven IDA borrowing countries with some of the
highest fertility rates in the world, and IDA19 will help replicate and scale it in countries with the
lowest HCI. Similarly, the emergence of digital technologies and a new digital economy suggests
leapfrogging opportunities. IDA’s successful support of digital infrastructure investments requires
specific focus on women and adolescent girls’ access to associated skills, including online job
opportunities, services, platforms, and other entrepreneurship opportunities. Building on the
experience from operations launched under IDA18 to prevent and respond to GBV at a projectlevel, IDA19 presents an opportunity to move from support of individual mitigation projects,
toward provision of system-wide approaches to help IDA countries provide prevention and
responses.
86.
Achieving the SDGs requires IDA countries and their partners to make considerable
progress in closing gaps between women and men, especially in economic opportunity. The
support enabled through the IDA19 Special Theme on gender will accelerate progress against
targets under SDG5: achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, such as universal
access to sexual and reproductive health care, women’s equal rights to economic resources as well
as access to ownership and control over assets and financial services, promotion of women’s
empowerment through the use of enabling technology, and the elimination of all forms of violence

- 39 -

against all women and girls in the public and private spheres. IDA19 support is also central to
many of the other SDGs. For instance, the proposed activities to close gaps between women and
men both under the Gender and the JET Special Themes have direct relevance for SDG 8 to
promote inclusive growth and full and productive employment. Similarly, actions to close gaps
between women and men proposed under the FCV and Governance Special Themes are directly
relevant for SDG16 to promote peace, justice and strong institutions. The IDA RMS includes an
indicator based on data from Women Business and the Law (WBL) that monitors legal reforms in
support of gender equality. The WB also has a newly established advisory unit that responds to
country requests for technical assistance for legal and regulatory reforms to eliminate
discriminatory laws.
87.
Participants highlighted the centrality and importance of the Gender and
Development Special Theme and its links with other Special Themes and cross-cutting issues.
Participants expressed support for a two-track approach – to deepen implementation of the WBG
Gender Strategy and leverage linkages with other Special Themes. Participants supported the need
to deepen implementation of the WBG Gender Strategy’s four pillars: (i) improving gaps in human
endowments; (ii) removing constraints for more and better jobs; (iii) removing barriers to women’s
ownership and control of assets; and (iv) enabling women’s voice and agency. The IDA19 policy
package is strengthened by a focus on cross-cutting issues, especially human capital, disability
inclusion and technology to accelerate progress. IDA19 will do more to expand opportunities for
women and men, boys and girls living with disabilities. IDA19 further seeks to strengthen linkages
between the Special Themes and to ensuring that women and men benefit from IDA interventions
in other IDA priority areas. Under the Climate Change Special Theme, IDA19 will help address
gender gaps through interventions supporting climate mitigation and adaptation, such as in
renewable energy, forests and landscapes, and disaster risk reduction. IDA19’s FCV Special
Theme reflects the forthcoming FCV strategy, which recognizes the important role of women as
agents of change in prevention and response to conflict, and builds in gender equality at the
analytical, strategic and operational level. In addition, the Gender and Development Special Theme
realizes interlinkages through a set of Policy Commitments housed by the JET, and Governance
and Institutions Special Themes, especially on issues with direct relevance for the WBG Gender
Strategy and the SDGs. (See Box 8.)

- 40 -

BOX 8. CLOSING GENDER GAPS: LINKAGES TO OTHER SPECIAL THEMES
JET: As countries diversify and jobs move out of agriculture into other sectors, IDA can help countries break
occupational sex-segregation in the labor market, and help women access paid employment and move from low to
higher quality jobs. Recognizing that closing economic gaps between women and men is critical to achieving
economic diversification and growth, the JET Special Theme will continue to support women in the world of work.
Special IDA19 focus will be on operational support for women’s access to and use of digital financial services, as
well as women’s entrepreneurship. See JET PCs 7 and 8.
Fragility, Conflict and Violence: In IDA FCS, it is important to include women fully in post-conflict transition
operations, whether in the demilitarization and demobilization agenda or in fast-disbursing community-driven
development projects. Displacement leads to distinctive risks and opportunities for males and females – such as
increased risk of rape, violence, and forced conscription, or better opportunities for employment, education, and
voice. Under IDA19, the FCV Special Theme will continue to address the differential risks and opportunities faced
by women and men, boys and girls in FCV situations. See FCV PC 3.
Governance and Institutions: Designing effective IDA interventions call for access to timely data, especially in
low-income contexts where scarce resources should be targeted to their most effective use. Gaps and lack of quality
of IDA country data, especially related to economic opportunity and outcomes, continues to hold back the potential
for effective interventions to address disparities between males and females. Recognizing the importance of
improving availability of quality data, under the Governance and Institutions Special Theme, IDA countries will
be supported in implementing the Data for Policy Package, including a focus on closing gender data gaps. The
objective is to strengthen the production and availability of core data for more evidenced-based policymaking.
Gender-based violence is a central issue for women’s voice and agency, but it is not the only one. Enabling
women’s equal voice in societies and households is important and challenging, requiring policies and public action
to change social norms, laws and legal institutions. Under the Governance and Institutions Special Theme, IDA
will support women’s representation and voice in decision making fora. See Governance PCs 10 and 12.

88.
In addition to ongoing implementation of the WBG Gender Strategy, Participants
called for IDA19 to address gaps between men and women in infrastructure projects, and to
tackle sexual exploitation, abuse and harassment, and to increase ambition for results.
Participants also called upon IDA to intensify its work in support of women’s rights to land and
other physical assets, and to support their use as collateral. Participants underscored the importance
of effective policies on the prevention and mitigation of GBV, sexual exploitation and abuse and
sexual harassment and the relevance of transparency and accountability, for example through
adequate reporting and timely follow up in case of credible allegations. Participants recognized
the support and leadership of the World Bank in addressing sexual exploitation, abuse, and
harassment, and in taking all possible steps to mitigate risks and responding with a survivorcentered approach. 88 Participants asked for continued attention to project quality at-entry and
quality of supervision to achieve greater impacts in closing gaps, and to review and raise the target
for the share of IDA projects that are gender-tagged . Management has raised the gender tag for
88

For further details see Paragraph 158. In addition, in a meeting on April 21, 2018 convened by Sigrid Kaag, the Netherlands
Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation, and Penny Mordaunt, UK Secretary of State for International
Development, 10 International Financial Institutions (IFIs), including the WBG, reaffirmed their commitment to prevent sexual
harassment, abuse and exploitation, both within their own institutions and in their operations. This joint statement was later
reaffirmed at the Putting People First Summit held in October 2018. Regarding policies and practices related to WBG staff, the
WBG Action Plan for Preventing and Addressing Sexual Harassment, published in May 2019, outlines the WBG’s roadmap to
overcoming sexual harassment and includes more than 50 initiatives to improve transparency, scale-up prevention, build trust, and
enhance accountability. A new and revised Code of Ethics and Conduct was launched in fall 2019.

- 41 -

IDA19 to at least 60 percent 89 and is committed to reviewing the target for the share of IDA
projects that are gender-tagged over subsequent IDA cycles.
89.
IDA19 policy commitments for the Gender and Development Special Theme.
Participants and Management agreed on a policy package that reflects greater ambition in IDA19
underpinned by deepened implementation of the WBG Gender Strategy and strategic leveraging
with other Special Themes. The central emphasis on frontier areas and corresponding
commitments where IDA breaks new ground in IDA19 will be complemented by continued
ambitious work in IDA countries reflecting the WBG Gender Strategy, as well as continued pursuit
of IDA18 priorities such as education, jobs, assets, and voice and agency. The IDA19 policy
package focuses on: (i) supporting closing gaps between females and males through the HCP,
particularly on the fertility/demographic dividend; (ii) facilitating more and better jobs by closing
gaps in labor market outcomes; (iii) addressing gaps in asset ownership – especially land - and in
participation in the digital economy; (iv) enhancing women’s voice and agency through support
for system-wide approaches to prevent and respond to GBV; and (v) ensuring at least basic
availability of gender data and knowledge for all IDA countries through a core data package and
encouraging further investments in “what works.”
Pillar 1: Improving Human Endowments:
1. IDA19 financing operations will support women’s empowerment, including through
increased access to quality reproductive, adolescent, and primary health care in at least 15
of the 30 countries with the lowest HCI.
Pillar 2: Removing constraints for more and better jobs:
2. At least 60 percent of IDA19 financing operations for digital skills development will
support women’s access to higher productivity jobs, including online work.
3. At least 30 percent of IDA19 infrastructure operations (transport, energy, and water) will
include actions to create employment opportunities for women in medium and high skilled
jobs in these sectors.
Pillar 3: Removing Barriers to Women’s Ownership of and Control over Assets:
4. All IDA19 financing operations for Digital Development will support women’s increased
access to and usage of digital services.
5. At least 50 percent of IDA19 operations with land activities in (i) land administration, (ii)
post-disaster reconstruction and resilient recovery, and (iii) urban development will include
specific actions to strengthen women’s land rights.
Pillar 4: Enhancing women’s voice and agency:
6. Support at least five IDA countries to invest in GBV prevention and response, delivering
safe, quality, inclusive health care and other services through health systems, and five
countries to implement GBV prevention and response protocols as part of safe and
inclusive schools.

89

See indicator 18 in Tier 3 of Annex 1, Table A1.2.d: Annotated Indicators by Tier.

- 42 -

C. SPECIAL THEME 3: CLIMATE CHANGE
90.
There is increasing urgency to accelerate climate action and to strengthen further the
WBG’s commitment and leadership in addressing climate change. According to the InterGovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), not only are climate risks expected to increase
with global warming of 1.5°C and intensify significantly with 2°C, but the world is not on track to
halt warming to even 2°C. The IPCC also recognizes that climate-related risks affect diverse areas
such as health, livelihoods, food security, water supply, human security and economic growth.
Such threats could roll back hard-won development gains in IDA countries, which remain
disproportionately susceptible to adverse climate impacts. Those at higher risk include small
islands, disadvantaged and vulnerable populations, some indigenous people, and communities
reliant on agricultural or coastal livelihoods.
91.
Limiting global warming to 1.5°C requires urgent and far-reaching actions that are
necessary as countries seek to attain the SDGs and the Twin Goals. Limiting global warming
and investing in prospects toward low-carbon and climate-resilient development will require
significant resources and the window for such change is rapidly closing. Adaptation costs are likely
to increase sharply over time, even as the world tries to limit a global rise in temperatures. Any
higher warming would result in several hundred million more people being exposed to climaterelated risks, potentially reversing decades of development gains. The IDA19 Climate Change
Policy Commitments are relevant for several SDGs, including climate action (SDG13), affordable
and clean energy (SDG 7), industry, innovation and infrastructure (SDG 9), health (SDG 3) and
sustainable use of ecosystems and biodiversity loss (SDG15).
92.
Climate change multiplies threats in FCV situations and induces migration. Climate
change creates major stresses, especially in FCS where governments have limited means to help
their populations adapt. There is evidence that environmental factors such as resource degradation
and scarcity can play a role in driving or exacerbating conflicts. Risks associated with climate
change can combine with and exacerbate risks of violence through factors such as food insecurity,
economic shocks, migration and instability. Where climate change interacts with other social,
economic, and environmental pressures, several compound risks emerge that can increase
vulnerability, exacerbate grievances, and deepen pre-existing fragility.
93.
There is, however, clear and mounting evidence that bold climate action presents
significant business and economic opportunities for the world. Globally, the transition to lowcarbon and climate-resilient development could yield a direct economic gain of US$26 trillion by
2030 compared with a business-as-usual scenario and could deliver more than 65 million
additional jobs.90 Action countries may take to address climate change also has the benefit of
helping them deliver on many of the SDGs, for example through lower air pollution and increased
participation of women in the labor force. IDA countries can build local green industries that can
drive sustainable economic growth and provide environmental benefits, while also preserving and
valuing natural capital and advancing investments in human capital. Many green jobs are highly
90

New Climate Economy, Report of the Global Commission on the Economy and Climate (2018). This report falls on the heels
of a 2016 analysis by IFC on “Climate Investments Opportunities in Emerging Markets”. IFC assessed the national climate
change commitments and other policies in 21 countries and found an initial investment opportunity of US$23 trillion, from
2016 to 2030, in key sectors such as wind, solar, biomass, waste, transport, energy efficiency, etc.

- 43 -

skilled, safe, and well-paid. IDA has made significant progress in mainstreaming climate change
in operations and integrating climate in country policy engagements. Sustained effort and focus on
adaptation and increased investments in building resilience will be necessary to buffer IDA
countries and communities from rising climate and disaster risks, particularly in those IDA
countries most affected, including in South Asia, the Sahel, and in Small Island Economies.
Moreover, investments in high quality infrastructure (energy, transport, urban infrastructure, etc.)
will be key in helping support countries achieve their climate change agenda and poverty
alleviation goals. (See Box 6.)
94.
Participants welcomed the incorporation of lessons learned from IDA18 in the IDA19
Climate Change Special Theme. IDA18 has strengthened efforts to increase systemic impact,
which IDA19 will carry further in several ways. First, IDA19 will support client countries in their
efforts to implement their national climate-related action plans, including their nationally
determined contributions (NDCs), in their follow up to international climate agreements, including
principally the Paris Agreement.91 Second, to achieve bigger impacts and further integrate national
climate priorities into how the WBG engages with countries, where appropriate, efforts will be
made to further deepen integration of national climate-related action plans, including NDCs, into
CPFs. Third, systematic policy actions will be enhanced to drive climate impact. Support will be
scaled up to promote fiscal and sectoral policy reforms that address climate challenges and support
implementation of countries’ mitigation and adaptation targets. Fourth, due to the rising magnitude
of climate impacts, increased efforts will be made on climate adaptation and resilience, especially
in those countries already feeling the impacts. Drawing on the IEG’s findings concerning increased
focus on monitoring and evaluation, there is a clear shift in IDA19 from input- and process-based
to outcome-oriented commitments.
95.
Participants appreciated the clear synergies between climate change and other IDA
Special Themes and cross-cutting issues, as well as the complementarities with the World
Bank’s work in Small Island Economies. They commended the integration between climate
change and other IDA priorities including FCV, Governance, JET and Gender that can be achieved
through comprehensive demand driven Bank-wide programs. Focus on disaster risk reduction,
improved landscape management, human capital, and clean technology entrepreneurship will
contribute to reduced vulnerability to climate impacts and enhanced inclusion opportunities for
economic benefits from mitigation and adaptation investments. Integrating climate change
considerations into Risk and Resilience Assessments (RRAs) and crisis response in FCS, as well
as scaling up the integration of gender and disabilities in upstream planning and downstream
implementation of climate resilience actions can present opportunities for climate to support other
IDA special themes. Opportunities for mainstreaming gender into climate programs include green
jobs and skills development opportunities for women in the growing renewable energy landscape,
as well as targeting of especially vulnerable groups, such as female households with high
dependency ratios, in adaptive social protection Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) programs which
aim to reduce risk and respond to climate shocks. Urban and transport development that identifies
and responds to different needs of women and men is another area of opportunity for inclusive
planning for low-carbon growth. They called on IDA to continue rendering support to Small
Islands Economies to cope with the effects of climate change, including using concessional finance
91

In the event that national climate-related action plans, including NDCs, are updated, some countries may request additional
support.

- 44 -

to promote risk insurance for climate-related shocks, and to do more on mobilizing private finance
– including working with IFC and MIGA – to support climate efforts, and asked IDA to cooperate
with other MDBs and institutions on mobilization.
96.
Participants encouraged IDA’s efforts to increase the resilience of IDA investments,
ecosystems and communities to climate-related shocks and stressors in coastal areas. Coastal
resilience to climate change will also be achieved by combatting marine litter (see Box 9). IDA19
will contribute, through analytical services, policy dialogue, and financing, to activities related to
more efficient use of resources, while strengthening waste diversion systems and infrastructure to
collect and process plastic materials and recapture the value of plastics in the economy. IDA will
also step up support for integrated landscape management interventions by: avoiding deforestation,
promoting landscape restoration or sustainable forest management, and building coastal
ecosystems. IDA will support investments in water management that are critical to achieve water
security in the face of climate change. Participants also highlighted the need to strengthen incountry systems such as climate risk analytics, risk reduction, improved preparedness and fully
concessional risk finance providing the basis for market-based risk transfer. This could be through
initiatives like Global Risk Financing Facility (GRiF) or other programs within the InsuResilience
Global Partnership.
BOX 9. COMBATTING MARINE LITTER: AN IDA INITIATIVE
Marine litter, especially plastics pollution, is a global challenge. Already at least 8 million tons of plastics leak into
the ocean each year, weakening marine biodiversity - a key component of the natural capital that keeps ecosystems
functional. Impact of the marine plastics has far-reaching economic, ecological and health consequences. The
annual environmental costs of plastics to marine ecosystems is estimated at least US$13 billion, with IDA countries
suffering from localized impacts. Although not yet major oceans plastics contributors, massive growth in waste
generation is expected in IDA countries, with related increasing plastic leakages to waterways and oceans, unless
preventive action is taken now. Amid global calls for actions, IDA countries are taking ownership of the issue and
have taken far-reaching decisions to combat ineffective waste management. Yet, given IDA countries’
geographies, weak enabling environments, and inadequate financing, they need urgent support to strengthen their
waste management systems and to prevent the generation of plastics waste in the environment upstream.
Led by IDA countries themselves, IDA’s Initiative on Marine Litter will support the development and
implementation of better upstream policies, waste management systems and cleanup efforts in IDA countries. The
Initiative is built on country ownership, with interventions customized to local context and needs. It is adapted to
the geographic variations of IDA countries: small islands, river basin riparians, and vulnerable coastlines. The
framework of IDA support includes a combination of analytical activities, policy reforms, investments and
innovation to support more effective waste diversion and infrastructure. IDA is also playing a convening role that
brings countries and stakeholders together to take collective actions to address a common regional and global
challenge.
Under IDA19, the initiative intends to scale up its support to several counties in Africa and Asia, leveraging
financing resources from the IDA Regional Window.

97.
Participants noted that the IDA19 policy commitments are well-aligned with the
WBG 2025 Climate Targets and Actions. IDA19 strives to increase direct climate finance, while
boosting support to adaptation and resilience-building, particularly for the poorest and most
vulnerable countries. IDA19 is well-aligned with the WBG 2025 Climate Targets and Actions,92
92

While these are WBG commitments, they will be reported and monitored outside of the IDA process.

- 45 -

which have an increased focus on and ambition to: (1) deepen climate mainstreaming and increase
direct climate financing; (2) increase leverage of private finance and create markets for climate
action; (3) systematically strengthen adaptation and resilience; (4) drive for larger systemic impact
at the country level; and (5) elevate climate actions in key sectors and areas. In January 2019, the
WBG further reflected its determination to push the agenda on climate adaptation and resilience
by launching the WBG Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience. Based on the
joint MDB framework adopted at COP24, the Bank will continue to align its investments with the
principles set out in international climate agreements including principally the Paris Agreement.
98.
Participants highlighted the importance of increasing climate-related financing, as
well as further climate mainstreaming through higher IDA climate co-benefits and
incorporating at least one climate-related results indicator in IDA operations. IDA will
continue to support efforts to increase climate co-benefits with adaptation finance comprising at
least half of the total adaptation and mitigation financing.93 With a commitment to parity, IDA19
will ensure that the poorer, more climate-vulnerable countries continue to receive the support that
will catalyze adaptation action at larger scale. In addition, as part of the increased focus on climate
outcomes, all IDA19 lending operations that have more than 20 percent climate co-benefits will
incorporate at least one climate-related results indicator, so as to facilitate the shift from inputsbased to outcome-oriented actions and drive impacts on the ground. All IDA operations will also
screen for climate and disaster risks to systematically integrate climate risks within each stage of
operations design, implementation, and performance M&E as outlined in the WBG Action Plan
on Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience. In addition, IDA19 investment operations in key
emission-producing sectors will incorporate the shadow price of carbon in economic analysis and
apply Greenhouse Gas (GHG) accounting.
99.
Participants supported the focus on adaptation and resilience through developing
new resilience metrics or an adaptation rating system and reducing the risk of climate shocks
on poverty and human capital outcomes. They noted that the system is designed to create
incentives for countries, donors, and the private sector to engage in more and better adaptation to
more effectively track and report on what IDA clients are doing; and to establish a global standard
for financial markets and public procurement. A key objective of the new system is to encourage
countries and stakeholders to go beyond climate-resilient projects toward building systemic
resilience. In addition, IDA will support countries to reduce the risks of climate shocks on human
capital outcomes by supporting programs that incorporate ASP into national protection systems or
reduce climate threats to health. Climate-related disasters can also negatively affect human capital
accumulation by hindering livelihood opportunities, leading to unemployment, destruction of
productive assets, and increased poverty. Supporting operations that develop ASP programs can
prevent a loss in human capital accumulation.
100. In order to drive impact at the country level, Participants highlighted IDA’s enhanced
support to IDA countries to systematically implement and update their national climate93

The proposed climate co-benefit target is fully aligned with the ambitious goals of the WBG 2025 Climate Targets and Actions.
The proposed climate co-benefit policy commitment assumes (i) a continuous rise in IDA co-benefits over time; (ii) a greater
effort on the part of IBRD over FY21-FY25; and (iii) that the scale of ambition will continue to rise under IDA20.

- 46 -

related action plans, including NDCs. Country-specific financial assistance by the NDC Support
Facility will be provided to deepen the implementation of NDCs and actions needed to deliver
intended targets, including elements of (i) strategic and informed climate-smart planning; (ii)
policy design and implementation; (iii) monitoring, reporting and verification; and (iv) public and
private investments and financing for NDC implementation.94
101. Participants urged that all IDA SCDs and CPFs continue to incorporate climaterelated and disaster risk considerations, including being informed by national climaterelated action plans, including NDCs. They also urged IDA to sets specific climate-related or
national climate related action plans, including NDC-based objectives and/or results
indicators in CPFs, where appropriate. IDA19 will increase engagement with and support to
Finance and Planning Ministries to integrate climate in the national budgets and plans, as well as
long-term development strategies. To drive greater climate impact, IDA will focus on concrete and
systematic policy actions. To this end, IDA will increasingly engage at a policy level and foster
development policy financing (DPF) operations to support climate-informed polices and reforms
at the sectoral level, where appropriate. Prior actions which address climate policy issues will be
embedded more into DPFs, and in cases where the country wishes to focus policy reforms solely
on climate change, green growth or climate change DPFs can be developed, where all prior actions
will address climate change. DPFs could, for example, include support for fossil fuel subsidy
reforms, agriculture subsidy reforms, environmental tax reforms, water pricing, and priority
policies in climate-related action plans, including NDCs.
102. Participants supported a Policy Commitment on biodiversity to support IDA
countries to implement and/or update their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action
Plans (NBSAPs) or similar national action plans through new IDA-supported activities
during IDA19. They also stressed the importance of IDA leveraging its work on environment,
natural resources and blue economy, including on biodiversity. Ecosystems and biodiversity
provide a lifeline to the poorest communities, particularly in coastal areas and near forests,
buffering them from extreme climatic events 95 and satisfying essential needs including the
provision of nutritious food, biomass for energy, medicine and basic raw materials, ensuring a
basic safety net and contributing directly to poverty alleviation and livelihoods. 96 IDA19 will
support nature’s contributions to people and ecosystem-based adaptation, which includes
sustainable management, conservation and restoration of ecosystems. IDA19 will build on
extensive knowledge creation on the links between the economy and ecosystem services under
different climate and policy scenarios. This will in turn enable IDA to support a more explicit
94
95

96

Support for implementation of national climate-related plans, including NDCs, could include activities integrating climate
actions into national budgets and development strategies.
Well-maintained ecosystems, such as coral reefs, coastal wetlands, and mudflats, play protect against storm surges and rises
in sea level, safeguarding lives, and property and infrastructure against extreme weather (cfr. Roberts et al. (2017) Marine
reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change PNAS, 2017). A recent Cost of Environmental Degradation
Study focusing on West Africa estimated the cost of coastal degradation in four countries: Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal and
Togo, at US$3.8 billion, or 5.3 percent of their combined GDP in 2017 (Croitoru, Lelia, Juan José Miranda, and Maria Sarraf,
The Cost of Coastal Zone Degradation in West Africa: Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Togo (2019)).
IPBES. Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. S. Díaz, J. Settele, E. S. Brondizio E.S.,
H. T. Ngo, M. Guèze, J. Agard, A. Arneth, P. Balvanera, K. A. Brauman, S. H. M. Butchart, K. M. A. Chan, L. A. Garibaldi,
K. Ichii, J. Liu, S. M. Subramanian, G. F. Midgley, P. Miloslavich, Z. Molnár, D. Obura, A. Pfaff, S. Polasky, A. Purvis, J.
Razzaque, B. Reyers, R. Roy Chowdhury, Y. J. Shin, I. J. Visseren-Hamakers, K. J. Willis, and C. N. Zayas (eds.) (Bonn,
Germany: IPBES secretariat, 2019).

- 47 -

treatment of nature-based solutions in national strategies and to support the preparation of NBSAPs
by IDA countries.
103. Participants supported facilitating economic transformation through low-carbon and
resilient transition, with further penetration of renewable energy in IDA countries, to
support increased energy access, affordability and security. IDA will facilitate the potential
transformative penetration of renewable energy in IDA countries through support to innovative
battery storage technologies by mobilizing concessional climate related financing and public and
private investments. In addition, IDA will invest to promote generation, integration and enabling
infrastructure for renewable energy in IDA countries (covering all kinds of on-grid, off-grid and
distributed renewable energy), thereby also promoting energy access and make significant efforts
in supporting IDA countries on energy savings through efficiency improvements. Agriculture is
also a central part of the solution to develop a global and sustainable low-carbon and resilient
economy and climate smart agriculture, with higher agricultural productivity, climate mitigation,
and increased resilience and adaptation, will be expanded under IDA19.
104. Participants welcomed the implementation of climate-related commitments over
IDA19 as follows:
Pillar 1: Increase Climate-related Financing and Further Deepen Climate Mainstreaming:
1. IDA’s climate co-benefits share of total commitments will increase to at least 30 percent
on average over FY21-23, and at least half of these co-benefits support adaptation actions.
2. All IDA operations with more than 20 percent of climate co-benefits will incorporate at
least one climate-related results indicator to increase the focus on climate outcomes.
Pillar 2: Boost Support on Adaptation and Resilience:
3. Develop new resilience metrics designed to give increased incentives for more effective
climate adaptation actions, including through enhanced disaster resilience of
infrastructure developments, and pilot them in 20 IDA operations.
4. Support at least 25 IDA countries to reduce the risks of climate shocks on poverty and
human capital outcomes by supporting programs that incorporate ASP into national
systems or reduce climate threats to health.
Pillar 3: Drive Systemic Impact at the Country Level:
5. Support at least 15 IDA countries to systematically implement and update national
climate-related action plans, including NDCs in cooperation with the NDC Partnership;
for all IDA countries where appropriate, set climate-related or NDC-based objectives
and/or results indicators in the CPFs.
6. Support at least 15 IDA countries to implement and/or update their NBSAPs covering
terrestrial and marine biodiversity or similar national action plans through new IDAsupported activities during IDA19.
Pillar 4: Facilitate Economic Transformation through Low-Carbon and Resilient Transition:
7. Facilitate further penetration of renewable energy in IDA countries in the context of energy
access, affordability and security, by mobilizing concessional climate finance and public

- 48 -

and private investments for five gigawatt hours (GWh) of battery storage, and providing
direct, indirect, and enabling policy support for generation, integration, and for enabling
infrastructure for at least ten gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy in IDA countries. This
support would cover all kinds of on-grid, off-grid and distributed renewable energy.
D. SPECIAL THEME 4: FRAGILITY, CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE
105. Absent swift action, FCV risks could severely undermine progress made in the fight
against poverty over the past 25 years. As noted earlier, poverty rates are around 10 percent
higher in IDA FCS than in non-FCS; and while the extreme poverty rate is decreasing in IDA nonFCS, it is stagnant in IDA FCS.97 By 2030, around half of the world’s poor people are expected to
live in FCS.98 At current levels of fragility, the number of poor people in IDA FCS is projected to
increase by around 200 million by 2030. Any deterioration in these countries’ fragility, or rise in
fragility elsewhere, would only push these numbers higher. Similarly, in the absence of decisive
policy action, extreme climate events and weather shocks could lead to around 100 million more
extreme poor by 2030. IDA’s prioritization of FCV is critical to the achievement of the Twin Goals
and supporting the attainment of the SDGs, particularly SDG 16.
106. FCV disproportionately impacts the most vulnerable people and communities,
including women and girls, and people with disabilities, limiting their human capital and
economic opportunities. Among the 20 lowest-ranked IDA countries on the HCI, 14 are IDA
FCS, and more than half of the extreme poor in these IDA FCS face severe deprivations in
education and access to basic infrastructure, such as energy, water, sanitation and assistive
devices.99 Forced displacement continues to worsen and has become increasingly complex and
protracted, 100 with substantial socio-economic impacts on both refugee and host communities.
Meanwhile, around half of the Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in IDA countries are
concentrated in a handful of FCS, many in the most challenging environments. Rising FCV risks
can also be push factors for economic migration, leading to loss of human capital within the
country and increased pressures on host countries.
107. Participants supported the IDA19 approach to FCV and encouraged continued close
alignment of the forthcoming WBG FCV Strategy. They appreciated that the IDA19 FCV
Special Theme and the forthcoming FCV Strategy are based on the same Pillars of Engagement
(see Figure 13).

97
98
99

100

World Bank, PovcalNet (online analysis tool) (2018). http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/
Authors’ calculations and World Bank, Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2018: Piecing Together the Poverty Puzzle
(Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2018).
World Bank Human Capital Index (2018). The average HCI for FCS is 0.40, compared to a global average of 0.57. Under
current conditions, children born in FCS will be only 40 percent as productive as adults than they could be if they had complete
education and full health.
The average refugee now spends around 10 years in exile. See Xavier Devictor and Quy-Toan Do, How Many Years Have
Refugees Been in Exile? Policy Research Working Papers (Washington DC: World Bank Group, 2016).

- 49 -

FIGURE 13. IDA19 ADDRESSES FCV DRIVERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON VULNERABLE
POPULATIONS TO SUPPORT PEACE AND PROSPERITY

108. Participants called for WBG strategies and programming to be better tailored to FCV
drivers, both in FCS and in other countries affected by FCV. In IDA19, all CPFs, CENs and
PLRs in IDA FCS will outline how WBG programming will address FCV drivers and sources of
resilience, based on strong analytic foundations, such as RRAs or other FCV assessments. This
commitment is key to ensuring that country allocations, through the PBA, support IDA clients to
pivot toward prevention and to operationalize the findings of Pathways for Peace. Participants
also stressed the importance of ensuring that RRAs are conducted systematically to a high level of
quality in IDA FCS.101 Participants called for RRAs, including Regional RRAs, to more explicitly
analyze and address social inclusion and cohesion, grievance and access to justice, gender,
governance, the rule of law and accountability, climate as a conflict accelerator, jobs and
migration. RRAs should also better identify conflict prevention and resilience opportunities with
more operationally relevant recommendations that can feed CPFs, CENs, PLRs and programming
to ensure that IDA implements truly tailored approaches. The RRA methodology will be improved
to ensure that both single country and regional RRAs systematically cover relevant themes and
have strong operational relevance. The WBG will continue to work closely and systematically with
partners, such as the UN, EC, MDBs and bilateral partners, including in the preparation of RRAs,
Recovery and Peacebuilding Assessments (RPBAs) and other FCV assessments. The WBG will
also continue to promote the use of conflict filters/peace lenses to support portfolios and operations
and take national/macro level analyses such as RRAs to a more granular level. These tools are
important for identifying and addressing drivers of fragility and conflict risks in programming.
101

As is currently the case, RRAs may also be conducted in countries that are not on the FCS list.

- 50 -

109. Participants emphasized the importance of continued collaboration between IDA and
its many partners in FCV settings. For example, IDA can bring value to partners at the
humanitarian-development-peacebuilding nexus, in line with its development mandate and based
on its comparative advantages. These advantages include: IDA’s ability to bring in a combination
of predictable medium- to long-term financial resources; its deep technical knowledge and
analytical and advisory services; its convening power; as well as its development perspective to
complement humanitarian and peacebuilding support. Participants also underscored the
importance of applying this comparative advantage to WBG partnerships with humanitarian and
peacebuilding organizations and security actors, including the UN and its peacekeeping operations,
MDBs and Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs).
110. Participants called on IDA to increase its focus on the regional dimensions of fragility,
including in the Sahel, Lake Chad region, and the Horn of Africa. Participants recognized that
climate change, demographic change, forced displacement, new technologies, IFFs, and violent
extremism intersect and transcend borders, creating regional spillovers, and deepening IDA
countries’ vulnerability to shocks and crises. During IDA19, IDA will take a regional approach to
fragility, where appropriate, including in these three priority regions. To start, the WBG will
conduct Regional RRAs that will analyze and address FCV drivers and sources of resilience
relevant to each regional context, such as climate as a conflict accelerator, core governance and
state capacity, migration, and forced displacement. Informed by these and related diagnostic work,
IDA will invest in at least three regional programs during IDA19, including in the Sahel, Lake
Chad region, and the Horn of Africa, to mitigate fragility and security risks to promote engagement
at the security-development nexus. IDA countries may apply to the Regional Window for these
fragility-focused regional programs, as well as for other regional programming that meet the
Window’s criteria. (See Box 10.)

- 51 -

BOX 10. ADDRESSING REGIONAL FRAGILITY: SAHEL, LAKE CHAD AND HORN OF AFRICA
IDA19’s regional approach in three priority regions - the Sahel, Lake Chad region and the Horn of Africa - will
be fundamental in addressing the needs of the extreme poor in IDA FCS. IDA’s support to the Sahel addresses
the short- and long-term drivers of fragility by working to prevent conflict, promote stability and growth, and
support rehabilitation and resilience. IDA programs target social sectors, rural and local development,
agriculture productivity, adaptation to climate change and energy. IDA’s approach is to: (i) understand drivers
of fragility; (ii) target interventions to sources of FCV risks; (iii) focus projects in some geographical areas for
rapid results; and (iv) promote human capital related interventions in country and regional programs.
As the largest source of concessional finance in the Sahel and the Lake Chad regions, and the second-largest
in the Horn of Africa, IDA is well placed to convene clients and partners to identify solutions to regional
dimensions of fragility. IDA19 will launch new initiatives to deal with emerging challenges and seize new
opportunities:
-

Countries in the Sahel and Lake Chad stand to benefit significantly from the Prevention and Resilience
Allocation (PRA) within the FCV Envelope, which will support countries that are taking proactive steps to
address drivers of conflict in order to reduce the risk of conflict escalation.

-

IDA19 will develop and implement at least three regional programs (including in the Sahel, Lake Chad
region and the Horn of Africa), which are informed by Regional RRAs and focus on mitigating key
fragility and security risks.

-

As a founding partner of the Sahel Alliance, IDA will contribute to peace, security and development in the
region by a) speeding up delivery of development projects; b) crowding in resources, including from the
private sector; and c) measuring results.

-

IDA will further scale up Human Capital programming across the Sahel, spanning early childhood to
higher education and girls’ education.

-

IDA will support the Digital Economy for Africa Initiative, launched by the African Union, to pursue key
policy reforms and investments needed at the national and regional level to promote digital development.

IDA will support countries in the Sahel, Lake Chad and the Horn of Africa to address climate vulnerabilities
through adaptive social protection and resilience of natural resource management-based livelihoods, including
by improving access to renewable energy options.

111. Participants encouraged the scale-up of human capital interventions in IDA FCS.
They stressed the importance of addressing gender, disability and socio-economic gaps in human
capital opportunities and endowments in IDA FCS, both for their intrinsic benefits and their links
to social inclusion and cohesion. Participants especially stressed the importance of addressing the
differential constraints faced by women and men, boys and girls and people with disabilities in
health care, education and social protection interventions. Participants acknowledged the
importance of deepening partnerships with local institutions to deliver services and increase the
agency of women and girls. During IDA19, most IDA FCS country portfolios will support
improvements in social sector service delivery (i.e., health, education, and social protection), with
a focus on addressing the differential constraints faced by men and women, boys and girls, and by
people with disabilities. Operations will promote social cohesion by focusing not only on quantity
of services, but also on how services are delivered, recognizing that inclusive and effective social
sector service delivery is central to improving state legitimacy and trust in institutions.
112. Participants particularly welcomed the new FCV Envelope, which offers a tailored
financing toolkit that will provide more support to countries facing a range of FCV

- 52 -

challenges. The PBA will continue to be the bedrock of IDA’s country allocations and will be
used to address FCV drivers and sources of resilience in all IDA FCS via Policy Commitment 1.
The FCV Envelope offers a complement to this, with rules-based approach and a strong incentive
and accountability structure, based on lessons from previous IDA cycles. (See Annex 3 for more
details on the three types of allocations within the Envelope.) Management will report to
Participants at the IDA19 MTR on the operationalization of the FCV Envelope and any emerging
lessons, both in terms of allocations and efforts made by countries to design and/or recalibrate their
portfolios.
113. Participants called on IDA to continue to scale up staffing to support IDA FCS,
recognizing that a strong ground presence is key to improving portfolio quality and the
delivery of good country outcomes. Participants noted that the IDA18 scale-up comprised an
appropriate skills mix, including a mix of roles, grade levels and genders. They also noted
Management’s role in tailoring IDA FCS staffing to the diverse and dynamic needs of each FCV
context, including client needs, security, and cost-effectiveness. During IDA19, IDA committed
to increase WB staffing to IDA FCS by at least 150 staff.102 For the purpose of this IDA19 policy
commitment, staff will comprise GE+ staff and Extended Term Consultants (ETCs)103 who are
either: (i) based in IDA FCS locations that are on the forthcoming FCS List or; (ii) based in nearby
locations that serve IDA FCS 104 and dedicate most of their work program to FCV issues. 105
Participants urged Management to continue to ensure an appropriate skills mix in the scale-up,
while also calling for more staff in IDA FCS locations who can make decisions and take informed
risks. Management confirmed its expectation that the large majority of this scale-up will comprise
GE+ staff in IDA FCS locations, complemented by a small share of ETCs and staff in nearby
locations. Participants also noted that this IDA commitment is being made in the context of an
ongoing decentralization process and workforce planning exercise. Management will report on
progress, including a breakdown of the composition of the scale-up, at the IDA19 MTR.
114. Participants also called on IDA to continue efforts to improve the employment value
proposition (EVP) for working in IDA FCS and to strengthen operational effectiveness.
Participants acknowledged that associated issues of staff and institutional incentives, training and
learning, talent reviews, rewards and recognition, performance management, and career
development will be considered as part of the forthcoming WBG FCV Strategy. IDA’s
effectiveness and ability to deliver on its ambitious FCV commitments relies greatly on the quality,
102
103

104

105

The baseline will be measured from June 30, 2020 to June 30, 2023 – i.e., the IDA19 period.
ETCs are full-time appointments at the equivalent of grade GE and above for a minimum of one-year, renewable for a second
year. This is a category of staff that was re-introduced in mid-2018. ETCs are eligible for various benefits, including leave,
medical insurance, life insurance, hazard and fragility pay, parental leave and others. Management is committed to the
appropriate use of ET appointment types and will monitor the composition of the WBG total workforce accordingly.
Staff, including ETCs, in nearby duty stations that serve IDA FCS can provide close and tailored support if security, family
constraints or other circumstances do not allow them to be based full-time in an FCS location. These nearby duty stations can
act as CMU extensions, with staff who can operate in a similar time zone, travel with relative ease, and be deployed flexibly
based on business needs, taking into account fluctuation in the volume and content of work in IDA FCS. This will also help
to ensure greater knowledge flow and more broad technical support across geographies and sectors.
This will be measured as at least 75 percent of the individual’s work program, based on time charged in the WB time recording
system. This ensures that staff, including ETCs, in nearby locations, who spend most of their time working in/on IDA FCS,
will be counted. It also recognizes the need to allow opportunities for staff, including ETCs, to cross-fertilize FCV and nonFCV knowledge and experience within the WBG and prevent silos. It also accounts for time spent on administration, training,
and corporate tasks.

- 53 -

security, well-being and motivation of its staff working in/on FCV. Participants recognized the
importance of investing in the WBG’s human capital, especially those working in FCS locations.
Participants welcomed the focus on building capacity among clients, local staff, and partners to
strengthen project implementation, including through the use of field-appropriate and costeffective digital tools to enhance operational effectiveness and risk management.106 Participants
stressed the importance of continuing to develop approaches to work more effectively in FCS and
to strengthen data gathering and M&E, which will be part of the forthcoming WBG FCV
Strategy.107
115. Participants noted the strong linkages between the FCV Special Theme and other
Special Themes and cross-cutting areas. Around two-thirds of IDA FCS are at high risk of (or
in) debt distress. Participants acknowledged the implications for IDA FCS and recognized that
addressing debt vulnerabilities is especially challenging in FCS. They supported the strong
alignment with the Governance and Institutions Special Theme and SDG 16, including IDA’s
efforts to support countries to strengthen core government functions in IDA FCS, mobilize
domestic resources, produce core data for evidenced-based policy making and improve debt
management policies. Participants also noted the importance of private sector development,
business environment reforms, and jobs, and they welcomed the FCS-related commitments under
the JET Special Theme, as well as the continuation of the PSW to catalyze investment in the
toughest markets. Participants also welcomed the link to the Gender and Development special
theme, especially related to GBV. Participants noted the importance of addressing climate change,
as the countries affected by FCV face particular obstacles to adaptation.
116. Participants supported the continuation of the Refugee Sub-Window, renamed as the
Window for Host Communities and Refugees (WHR), to support medium- to long-term
development opportunities for both refugee and host communities in IDA countries.
Participants welcomed the continued focus on the needs of, and opportunities for, women and
children among refugee and host communities, acknowledging that WHR financing helps to scale
up approaches that are effective in addressing gender inequality in contexts of forced displacement.
Participants also welcomed IDA’s continued efforts to engage in policy dialogue on development
issues facing both refugee and host communities, including IDA’s plan to conduct a review of the
policy environments in WHR countries to gauge progress, identify further reform opportunities
and inform further WHR support. In doing so, the review will shed light on the extent to which the
WHR has helped to shift policies and their implementation in WHR countries (for example, in
areas such as refugee protection, freedom of movement, access to education, health, identity,
justice and finance, labor force participation including skills, employment and entrepreneurship,
and environmental management) to promote inclusive development for both refugees and hosts.
The methodology for the review will be prepared in coordination with UNHCR, and IDA will
make every effort to ensure that the review’s key findings and recommendations will be publicly
available. (For more details on the WHR, see Section IV and Annex 4.) Meanwhile for IDPs,

106
107

This systematic capacity-building approach also focuses on the limitations and risks of these and related technologies,
including issues such as data protection and privacy.
Any proposed revisions to operational policies relating to these issues will be submitted to the Board for consideration.

- 54 -

Participants recognized that IDA countries can use their country allocations to address the
medium-term development needs of their IDP populations.108
117. IDA19 offers six policy commitments under the FCV Special Theme. Building on
progress achieved, Participants welcomed the ambitious but realistic set of policy commitments.
Participants highlighted the need for attention to gender and partnerships throughout the policy
commitments.
1. All CPFs, CENs and PLRs in IDA FCS will outline how the WBG program, in
collaboration with relevant partners, addresses FCV drivers and sources of resilience,
based on diagnostics such as RRAs or other FCV assessments. Each RRA/fragility
assessment will analyze FCV drivers and sources of resilience and contain operationally
relevant recommendations.
2. Develop and implement at least three regional programs (including in the Sahel, Lake
Chad region, and the Horn of Africa), which are informed by Regional RRAs and focus
on mitigating key fragility and security risks to promote engagement at the securitydevelopment nexus.
3. At least 20 IDA FCS country portfolios will support improvements in social sector service
delivery (i.e., health, education, and social protection), with a focus on addressing the
differential constraints faced by men and women, boys and girls, and by people with
disabilities.
4. By the IDA19 MTR, conduct a systematic review of refugee policy and institutional
environments in countries eligible for the WHR since their initial eligibility, to inform
further support for the creation of socio-economic development opportunities for refugee
and host communities in these countries.
5. Support building client capacity in 50 percent of IDA FCS countries to use fieldappropriate digital tools for collection and analysis of geo-tagged data; and apply this
technology to enhance project implementation and coordination.
6. Operationalize the FCV Envelope to provide enhanced and tailored support to IDA FCS.
Also, IDA will deploy at least 150 more GE+ staff, including extended term consultants,
to IDA FCS locations and nearby locations to serve IDA FCS.

108

From FY00-FY17, around 68 WB projects either included IDPs as beneficiaries of specific project intervention or used the
presence of IDPs within a community as a criterion for project or intervention site selection. While a few of these projects
exclusively target IDPs, many of them were designed in an inclusive manner to address the needs of conflict-affected
populations more broadly, including IDPs. Some examples of IDA projects include the US$127 million Citizen’s Charter
Emergency Regional Displacement Response Additional Financing (P163468) in Afghanistan, the US$28 million Service
Delivery and Support to Communities Affected by Displacement Project (P161591) in the Central African Republic, and the
Emergency Northern Recovery Project ($65 million, P118870) in Sri Lanka, the US$50 million Yemen Emergency Electricity
Access Project (P163777) in Yemen, the Local Governance and Service Delivery Project (P127079) in South Sudan, and the
FATA Temporarily Displaced Persons Emergency Recovery Project (P154278) in Pakistan.

- 55 -

E. SPECIAL THEME 5: GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS
118. Good governance and accountable institutions continue to form the foundation to
achieve the SDGs and WBG’s Twin Goals in IDA countries. Extreme poverty remains high in
IDA countries, reflecting limited resources but also misaligned policy incentives, weak
institutional capacity, and inequality and exclusion. Governance breakdowns in institutional
quality have a negative impact on economic and social development, including slower growth,
weak delivery of government services, and limited mechanisms for citizens to hold government to
account. The ability of governments to provide public goods and services effectively and equitably,
to support an environment that can generate jobs and inclusive growth, to address market failures
and to engage citizens in the process is more important than ever. This ability is not only
determined by the quality of public policies and the effectiveness of institutions, but just as
importantly, on how policies are chosen and implemented.109 Commitments under the Governance
and Institutions Special Theme support a range of targets under SDG 16 which aims to promote
peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and
build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. More specifically, IDA19
support is central to SDG 16 targets of reducing illicit financial flows and reducing corruption and
bribery in all its forms (SDG target 16.4 and 16.5). Commitments to strengthen core government
functions in IDA FCS will also support SDG 16 target 16.6 of improving public expenditure,
financial management and procurement and SDG 16.3 on access to justice. Supporting multistakeholder platforms will help increase transparency and citizen participation (SDG target 16.7)
and building better data and empirics supported under this Special Theme is essential to monitor
progress on all the SDGs.
119. Building on IDA18 progress, Participants encouraged greater ambition and a greater
focus on outcomes for the Governance and Institutions Special Theme in IDA19. They took
note of the solid progress in fulfilling the Governance and Institutions policy commitments in
IDA18, reflecting IDA’s constructive engagement to support this agenda in difficult contexts. For
successful implementation of IDA interventions, IDA should support development of institutions
that are capable, efficient, inclusive, transparent and accountable to citizen needs. While
recognizing that institutional reform is often non-linear and requires a long-term view, it remains
critical to be able to define targets and results in the shorter-term that can be achieved within an
IDA cycle. Drawing on lessons from the IEG report on the implementation of IDA18 Special
Themes, the approach in IDA19 will aim to ensure that citizen engagement in IDA operations is
broadened and deepened with concrete steps, including building capacity, strengthening
monitoring and reporting, and regular outreach. The interconnected approach in IDA19 will
therefore continue to deepen achievements in core areas from IDA18 and incorporate lessons
learned from implementation while also leveraging the other four Special Themes.
120. Given the cross-cutting nature of governance reform, Participants highlighted the
need for a collaborative WBG-wide approach and strategic partnerships. The Governance
and Institutions Special Theme has strong linkages with the prevention and mitigation of FCV as
poor governance and corruption lead to poor development outcomes that fuel inequality, injustice
and grievances, which in turn, drive fragility and instability.110 In addition, in all IDA countries,
109
110

World Development Report, Governance and the Rule of Law, (Washington DC: World Bank, 2017).
See Pathfinders for Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies, Justice for All—Final Report (New York, 2019).

- 56 -

capable institutions are fundamental to delivering growth and promoting the JET agenda in a just,
inclusive and transparent manner so that the development benefits of investments are fully
realized. Lasting reforms in Governance and Institutions require leveraging public and private
sector expertise to build the foundations for inclusive and sustainable growth. The Governance
and Institutions Special Theme will support clients in advancing evidence-based structural
reforms. The Theme would also focus on helping IDA countries in improving domestic resource
mobilization, debt management, transparent budgeting and efficient public spending. Given the
systematic governance challenges faced by IDA countries, Participants noted that there has been
significant focus on deepening and broadening collaboration and coordination with other
development partners. Key partnerships include Platform for Collaboration on Tax (PCT), Open
Government Partnership (OGP), Debt Management Facility (DMF), and G20 Infrastructure
Working Group.
121. Participants urged heightened focus on debt management and debt transparency as
debt vulnerabilities in IDA countries have increased significantly in recent years. The increase
in public debt levels over the 2013-2017 period was broad-based across IDA-eligible countries.
Overall, the increase in public debt for IDA FCS was relatively modest (nine percentage points,
compared to 13 percentage points for non-FCS) between 2013 and 2017 (see Figure 14). However,
eight IDA countries experienced an increase beyond 30 percentage points. Five of these countries
are commodity-dependent FCS. Four countries reached the public debt levels observed in the early
2000s, of which three are FCS. As of end-June 2019, about 40 percent of FCS are at either low or
moderate risk of external debt distress under the LIC DSF. Under IDA19, and in line with the IMFWB MPA, IDA will support countries’ efforts to address their debt-related vulnerabilities,
prioritizing those countries with significant debt transparency gaps and elevated debt
vulnerabilities. This would be done notably by supporting their actions to enhance debt
transparency, including through increased coverage of public debt in DSAs. (See also Section II
B on Debt).
FIGURE 14. PUBLIC DEBT IN SELECTED IDA COUNTRIES
(PERCENT OF GDP UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED)
a. Highest Public Debt Levels

b. Fast Borrowers111

Source: “Debt Vulnerabilities in IDA Countries”, October 4, 2018

111

Fast borrowing countries defined as those with the largest increase in the public debt-to-GDP ratio over the 2013-17 period.

- 57 -

122. Strengthening DRM remains critical for IDA countries to create fiscal space to
finance priority spending while avoiding debt concerns and focusing on equity and outcomes.
Preliminary findings suggest that the financing gap for achieving the SDGs for developing
countries could stand at around US$2.5 trillion. Yet, IDA countries (and IDA FCS in particular)
often encounter steep challenges in both raising taxes at levels adequate to meet critical spending
needs and collecting those taxes in a fair and equitable manner. The WBG will continue to support
IDA countries in addressing tax equity considerations by identifying constraints that prevent
poverty and inequality reduction via tax and benefit policies. Globalization and digitalization
hinder effective taxation of incomes, which has prompted many countries to turn to more
regressive indirect taxes.112 Also, domestic tax policies and administration are often uneven, which
tends to favor wealthier and more powerful taxpayers. Participants urged IDA to address the equity
impacts of taxes and spending and emphasized the importance of helping countries to collect not
only more, but better tax revenues by developing fair, sustainable and modern tax systems such as
through an increased focus on tax avoidance through Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS),
and on tax exemptions and tax progressivity. 113 Participants also encouraged a more resultsoriented focus on support to DRM, which IDA aspires to achieve through the aim of increasing
the tax-to-GDP ratios of 1 percentage point over the three-year IDA cycle for those countries under
the 15 percent tax-to-GDP threshold. This will be done through partnerships and regional and
bilateral support, such as through the Platform for Collaboration on Tax together with the IMF and
the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
123. Participants called on IDA to support countries to improve the sustainability of
human capital financing, including with a focus on achieving universal health coverage and
good learning outcomes. Failures in DRM weaken human capital formation, a vital input to
economic growth. The ability to build systems that can raise adequate financing for human capital
accumulation is critical to sustainable financing and DRM, as stressed by the “G20 Shared
Understanding on the Importance of UHC Financing in Developing Countries.” 114 IDA will
increase its emphasis on supporting IDA countries to invest in people through nutrition, health
care, and quality education and take advantage of existing synergies between increased DRM and
higher spending efficiency and budget transparency relating to public service priority areas. With
advancing technology, GovTech can help support government efforts to increase the effectiveness
of service delivery and make services more accessible, inclusive, and easier to use. A focus on
increasing inclusion will help improve access to services for vulnerable groups. Currently, the WB
is supporting GovTech solutions in approximately 25 IDA countries. Participants encouraged IDA
to reach further and advance universal access under its GovTech engagements, particularly for
people with disabilities. In addition, pandemics have caused much damage to people, societies,
and economies, and momentum is building for more prevention and pro-active risk reduction,
which can save significant human and economic costs. 115 However, the state of readiness to
anticipate and respond to public health emergencies like pandemics remains weak in most IDA
112

113
114
115

See OECD, Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalization – Interim Report 2018, (Paris, France: OECD, 2018), and World
Bank, World Development Report 2020 Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains, (Washington DC: World
Bank Group,2019) see Chapters 3 and 10.
International Monetary Fund, Finance & Development (September 2019), available at
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/09/pdf/fd0919.pdf.
Available at https://www.g20.org/pdf/documents/en/annex_05.pdf.
World Bank, High-Performance Health Financing Universal Health Coverage: Driving Sustainable, Inclusive Growth in the
21st Century (Washington DC: World Bank Group, 2019).

- 58 -

countries. Thus, IDA will support interventions to increase human resilience in the face of public
health emergencies like pandemics.
124. Participants emphasized the importance of continued focus on tackling IFFs and
encouraged a broader focus on anticorruption. IFFs are a massive drain on development and
the antithesis of shared prosperity. Corruption, organized crime, the illegal exploitation of natural
resources, fraud in international trade and tax evasion divert and reduce public inequalities. The
exact volume of IFFs in IDA countries is unknown, but tax evasion costs governments more than
$3 trillion a year, 116 and countless more is lost through other illicit activities globally. The
concealment of illicit funds drains capital from poor countries to rich ones and the use of corporate
vehicles to move illicit funds and purchase assets distorts markets in wealthy economies. Studies
indicate that offshore financial systems are growing.117 Reducing IFFs and their impact is therefore
a global priority and a multifaceted challenge. The WBG approach to IFFs is to address the flow
of funds across borders, the activities that generate the flows, and the institutional weaknesses that
enable them. Under IDA19, IDA will support and promote effective regulatory and operational
measures for combating tax evasion, money laundering, illicit financial flows and other challenges
to the integrity of the international financial system. IDA will also support several countries to
conduct comprehensive IFF assessments of both tax and criminal related information sources. IDA
will also support the Automatic Exchange of Taxpayer Financial Account Information between
countries which allows them to identify international tax evasion by high-wealth individuals thus
reducing the incentives to engage in corruption and to generate illicit flows. The disclosure of
beneficial ownership information is also critical in creating the level of transparency that is
necessary to effectively prevent and confront corruption and address the IFFs created by corrupt
transactions.
125. Participants noted that strengthening governance and institutions is critical to
achieving good country outcomes, particularly to address FCV challenges and close gender
and disability data gaps. The share of the extreme poor living in conflict-affected settings is
expected to rise to nearly 50 percent by 2030, with conflicts driving 80 percent of all humanitarian
needs and reducing GDP growth by two percentage points per year, on average. Participants
welcomed the focus in IDA19 on strengthening core government functions in IDA FCS in ways
that address FCV drivers. Participants emphasized that these efforts are essential to improving
security, the rule of law, service delivery, accountability, state-citizen relations. Efforts to
strengthen core government functions in ways that address FCV drivers will build on key
diagnostic work introduced under IDA18 and will be informed by RRAs, with specific attention
to security and rule of law dimensions. They also noted that reducing gaps in the availability of
core data, including disaggregation by sex and disability, will promote better evidence-based
policy making and will help IDA countries make progress on SDG16, focused on data for
governance.
126. Participants emphasized the importance of enhancing social accountability and
citizen engagement. Open, participatory and responsive governance is critical for governments to
provide more inclusive, effective, and equitable public policies and service delivery. Openness and
116
117

International Monetary Fund, Finance & Development (September 2019), available at
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/09/pdf/fd0919.pdf
Ibid.

- 59 -

transparency are fundamental ingredients to ensuring information is available and accessible to the
public, thus facilitating the public’s informed participation in policy-making. IDA will help
increase social accountability in IDA countries by supporting platforms that systematically involve
a range of stakeholders, including women as well as vulnerable groups, in decision making and
implementation of public policies. Such platforms include the OGP, the Extractive Industry
Transparency Initiative (EITI), the Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency (GIFT), and the
Global Partnership for Social Accountability (GPSA), among others. Such platforms represent a
comprehensive approach to greater social accountability through the merger of both citizen
engagement and open government approaches to public policy making and implementation (see
Box 11). Through IDA19, the WBG commits to scaling up country coverage of such multistakeholder platforms where they do not yet exist, and to deepen their reach in countries where
they are currently active.
BOX 11. MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PLATFORMS
The Independent Evaluation Group’s 2018 report, Engaging Citizens for Better Development Results assessed
the Bank Group’s efforts to mainstream citizen engagement and recommends the World Bank to “achieve greater
depth and quality of the citizen engagement activities it supports” and “establish, where appropriate, ‘thick’
citizen engagement” by systematically using existing channels and tools at various levels.
Multi-stakeholder engagement is a way to achieve greater social accountability and citizen engagement. It helps
to ensure greater depth and quality of openness and citizen engagement from the policy to project levels by
creating a space for representatives from government and non-government groups (e.g., civil society, academia,
the private sector) to actively and continuously engage, discuss, and deliberate policy decisions and partner to
implement and monitor implementation. The World Bank’s support for establishing and strengthening multistakeholder engagement will contribute to encouraging “thick” citizen engagement at various levels for better
development outcomes.
For example, the Open Government Partnership’s (OGP) multi-stakeholder forum in Afghanistan was established
through a presidential decree and brings together 17 government and 17 civil society representatives to discuss
the country’s OGP Action Plan. The forum meets quarterly, with active participation by civil society to discuss
feedback on public input on public policy and services. Decisions on what activities are to be included in the
Action Plan are made based on consensus, or by vote if a consensus is not reached.
The World Bank’s Global Partnership for Social Accountability (GPSA) brings together government, civil society
coalitions, and other relevant stakeholders to develop and implement multi-stakeholder compacts to address
pressing development challenges through social accountability approaches. In Uganda, for example, the GPSA
supported a grant to enhance transparency and accountability of public contracting in agriculture, education, and
health sectors for better service delivery. Establishment of a multi-stakeholder compact brought together civil
society and government to implement the social accountability intervention in five Ugandan districts.

127. Participants encouraged IDA to continue to pursue actions and programs supported
in IDA18 toward more open, effective, and accountable institutions as well as the following
IDA19 policy commitments:
Promote debt transparency and debt management
1. Support at least 25 IDA countries to implement an integrated and programmatic approach
to enhance debt transparency through increased coverage of public debt in DSAs and/or

- 60 -

supporting debt transparency reforms, including requirements for debt reporting to
increase transparency.118
2. Support at least 25 IDA countries to bolster fiscal risk assessments and debt management
capacity through a scale-up of fiscal risks monitoring and/or implementation of debt
management strategies.119
Strengthen DRM
3. Support the implementation of country programs which support the efforts of those IDA
countries with tax revenues persistently below 15 percent of GDP to achieve an unweighted
average increase in tax-to-GDP ratios of one percentage point over the three-year IDA
cycle, as part of collective efforts with partners.
Strengthen infrastructure governance
4. Support at least 20 countries to identify the governance constraints to the development,
financing, and delivery of quality infrastructure investments with particular attention to
project preparation, procurement, environmental and social considerations, and integrity,
to inform the adoption of policies and/or regulations for enhanced infrastructure
governance in a majority of these.120
Support investments in people that promote efficiency, growth, and equity
5. Support at least 15 IDA countries with the lowest HCI to improve sustainability of human
capital financing, including a focus on reaching universal health coverage and good
learning outcomes for all, through: (i) improving the efficiency of public expenditures, and
(ii) more effectively aligning expenditures with domestic financing and external resources
in a sustainable manner.
Enable universal access to public services through GovTech
6. Support at least 12 IDA countries to adopt universally accessible121 GovTech solutions.122

118
119

120
121

122

Support to this commitment will draw from a suite of instruments, including lending operations, diagnostics and technical
assistance.
The actions under Policy Commitments 1 and 2 will focus mainly on moderate and high-risk countries, consistent with the
focus of the SDFP. These actions could also help prevent deterioration in the risk of debt distress, including sharp (or rapid)
deteriorations from low to high risk as observed in some cases.
Focus to be on countries identified with CPIA rating at 3 or less for Indicator 16 on Transparency, Accountability and
Corruption. There are currently 55 IDA countries in this pool.
‘Universally accessible’ means that GovTech services are designed so that they can be accessed, understood and used by all
people, regardless of disability, age, use of assistive devices, location or means of Internet access. It applies to hardware and
software.
GovTech solutions include hardware, software, applications and other technology to improve access and quality of public
services; facilitate citizen engagement (CivicTech); and improve core government operations. These include enabling analog
complements to strengthen institutions for GovTech implementation, including devising related strategies, building capacity,
passing related laws on e-government, data access and use; and developing regulatory frameworks to facilitate interoperability.

- 61 -

Strengthen pandemic preparedness
7. Support at least 25 IDA countries to implement pandemic preparedness plans through
interventions (including strengthening institutional capacity, technical assistance, lending
and investment).
Tackle corruption and tax evasion to reduce illicit financial flows
8. Support at least five countries to conduct comprehensive IFF assessments and prepare
action plans. Also support at least 20 IDA countries to take IFF-related policy actions, such
as increasing access to and awareness of beneficial ownership information and/or adopting
automatic exchange of information to reduce tax evasion.
9. Support at least 50 percent of IDA countries to implement e-procurement systems and
conduct detailed procurement data analytics, in order to increase efficiency of public
spending and mitigate corruption risks.
Support multi-stakeholder platforms for policy making and implementation
10. Support at least 50 percent of IDA countries to establish and strengthen platforms for
engaging with multiple stakeholders, including women as well as vulnerable groups, in
policy making and implementation to enhance public participation, accountability and
responsiveness.
Enhance the core functions of government in IDA FCS
11. Support at least 95 percent of IDA FCSs (with active portfolios) to establish and/or
strengthen core government functions to address FCV drivers.123
Improve data for more evidenced-based policy making
12. Support 30 IDA countries, including those with ongoing statistical operations,124 to support
institutions and build capacity to reduce gaps in the availability of core data for evidencebased policy making, including disaggregation by sex and disability.125

123
124
125

Core government functions refers to: (i) public revenue and expenditure management; (ii) decentralization and service
delivery; (iii) government employment and public administration; and (iv) the rule of law.
This commitment would target 25 percent out of 51 IDA countries without ongoing statistical operations.
Data disaggregation by sex and disability in the Data for Policy (D4P) package will be performed where it is appropriate,
which corresponds to contexts where household survey data is amenable to disaggregation, specifically for data collected at
the individual level. The D4P package will also continue promoting the production of sex and disability disaggregated statistics
in countries where this is already available.

- 62 -

SECTION IV: VOLUMES AND TERMS OF IDA ASSISTANCE IN IDA19
128. Participants welcomed the ambitious IDA19 financing package which is critical to
help IDA countries meet financing needs for achieving the Twin Goals and the 2030
ambitions. They acknowledged the need to sustain IDA programming at scale to adequately
support IDA countries face the global headwinds, development challenges and myriad of risks and
vulnerabilities outlined above. IDA countries have demonstrated that they have the capacity to
absorb IDA resources in order to tackle these challenges and pursue good country outcomes. The
sustained and increasing demand for IDA resources, following on from IDA18’s strong delivery
record, indicates that IDA19 can reach further and deliver more for its clients.
129. Participants agreed to an IDA19 replenishment of US$82.0 billion (equivalent to SDR
59.3 billion),126 which represents a three percent increase in real terms in IDA resources
available for IDA clients. This is summarized in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3. IDA19 USE OF RESOURCES (IN US$ AND SDR BILLION)

1. Concessional
I. CORE IDA
FCS/ FCViii
o/w FCV Envelopeiv, v
Syria
Non-FCS

In US$ billion
IDA18ii
IDA19
63.6
73.8
52.4
60.5
14.7
18.7
4.7
7.5
1.0
1.0
37.7
41.8

II. NON-CORE IDA
Regional & Public Goods Envelope
Regional Window
Window for Host Communities and Refugees

In SDR billioni
IDA18ii
IDA19
45.3
53.4
37.4
43.7
10.5
13.5
3.4
5.4
0.7
0.7
26.9
30.2

11.1

13.3

7.9

9.6

5.0
2.0

7.6
2.2

3.6
1.4

5.5
1.6

3.0
1.1

2.5
1.0

2.1
0.8

1.8
0.7

2. Non- Concessional
Scale-up Window
Transitional support

9.0
6.2
2.8

5.7
5.7
-

6.4
4.4
2.0

4.1
4.1
-

3. Private Sector Window

2.5

2.5

1.8

1.8

Total

75

82

53

59

16.7
58%
49%

21.6
59%
53%

11.9
58%
49%

15.6
59%
53%

Crisis Response Window
Arrears Clearance

Grants
Grant element: concessional IDA
Grant element: overall replenishment
Key notes:
(i)

Reflects the planned IDA18 envelope with SDR53.5 billion based on IDA18 foreign exchange reference rate of SDR/US$ 1.40207 and
the agreed IDA19 SDR/US$ exchange rate of 1.38318.
(ii) IDA18 agreed as reflected in the IDA18 Deputies Report. This was revised at IDA18 MTR and further reallocations were implemented in
FY20.
(iii) Allocations estimated based on FY19 FCS harmonized list. For the comparison, IDA18 amounts are also based on the FCS countries but
include notional additional amounts due to special regimes such as RMR, Turn-around, and post-conflict exceptional allocation, as well
special set-aside (e.g., Syria).
126

At the IDA19 foreign exchange reference rate of SDR/US$1.38318.

- 63 (iv) The IDA18 envelope for FCV is indicative at the beginning of IDA18, including RMR top-up and notional turn-around resources
including US$1 billion set-aside for Syria.
(v) IDA19 FCV envelope is indicative based on potentially eligible countries, but which has not been pre-determined. Thus, if not
subscribed, unused amounts are allocated to regular IDA countries through Country IDA allocation (PBA) or inter/intra- regional
allocation in the second half of the IDA period. The IDA19 FCV envelope includes up to $1.0 billion potential funding for Syria within
the TAA.

A. CONCESSIONAL IDA FINANCING
Country Allocations
130. Participants agreed to increase the overall amount for IDA19 country allocations,
which serve as the foundation for IDA’s engagement to support clients in achieving their
development objectives. These country allocations will provide critical unearmarked support to
all IDA-eligible countries for priority interventions that have direct impact on advancing
investments in people, growth and resilience. Country allocations will comprise 74 percent of total
IDA19 resources, up from 70 percent in IDA18. Country allocations are based on IDA’s longstanding PBA mechanism which strategically allocates IDA’s limited resources by incentivizing
strong policies and performance, while recognizing country needs (see Annex 2 for more details).
The PBA system will remain largely the same as in IDA18. Actual allocations will be adjusted to
reflect updated approaches to debt and FCV under IDA19.
131. Participants welcomed adjustments to country allocations to help IDA countries on a
path of sustainable development finance, while strengthening debt management capacity. As
noted in Section II B above, the forthcoming SDFP will include the DSEP, which aims to enhance
incentives for countries to move toward sustainable development financing by tailoring the annual
performance and policy actions based on the specific circumstances and capacity of each IDA
country. It will rely on an allocation “set-aside” designed to incentivize countries to take policy
steps to reduce debt vulnerability risks. IDA’s country allocations for countries at moderate, and
high risk or in debt distress will be subject to a set-aside of 10 percent (moderate risk) or 20 percent
(high risk or in debt distress), which can be later recovered upon completion of an agreed set of
policy and performance actions. With this system, countries consistently meeting their annual
performance and policy actions would maintain their full allocations for the IDA19 period and
beyond. Countries consistently missing their annual targets would lose access to the set-aside near
the end of the IDA cycle and these resources would return to the PBA envelope. (See Annex 9 for
more details.)
132. Participants welcomed the creation of the FCV Envelope within IDA’s primary
envelope for country allocations. The FCV Envelope draws heavily on the lessons learned during
IDA18,127 and offers a strong incentive and accountability structure to provide enhanced support
to countries facing different kinds of FCV risks. The FCV Envelope will be integrated with country
allocations and is comprised of three FCV-related country allocations: (See also Annex 3.)
a. The Prevention and Resilience Allocation (PRA) will provide enhanced support for
countries at risk of falling into high-intensity conflict or large-scale violence, based on
127

See IDA19 Second Replenishment Meeting: Special Theme - Fragility, Conflict and Violence, Section II D, “Progress and
Lessons from the IDA18 Financing Toolkit.”

- 64 -

government commitment and agreed milestones. PRA countries will receive a 75 percent
boost to their PBA up to a national top-up cap of US$700 million for IDA19.
b. A new Remaining Engaged during Conflict Allocation (RECA) will enable IDA to
maintain a base level of engagement in a small number of countries that experience highintensity conflict and have extremely limited government capacity. The RECA also
codifies the ability of the WB to partner with UN agencies or International
Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs) in certain limited circumstances for
development projects that benefit RECA countries.
c. The Turn Around Allocation (TAA) will support countries emerging from a period of
conflict, social/political crisis or disengagement, where there is a window of opportunity
to pursue reforms that can accelerate its transition out of fragility and build resilience, based
on government commitment and agreed milestones. For example, countries re-engaging
with IDA after arrears clearance could benefit from this allocation. The TAA will top up
the country’s PBA by 125 percent up to a national top up cap of US$1.25 billion per country
during IDA19.
133. The performance-based focus of the country allocation system reflected in IDA18
allocations will be preserved in IDA19. The proposed SDFP will be closely linked to the
IMF/World Bank LIC DSF to provide appropriate and fair incentives for IDA countries to take
policy steps to reduce debt vulnerability risks, while taking into account different needs and
capacities of IDA countries. Furthermore, within the FCV Envelope, the PRA and TAA incentivize
performance to address FCV drivers, with milestones that will be reviewed annually. Also, these
adjustments to country allocations will not come at the expense of better performing countries
facing their own significant development challenges.
134. IDA19 will sustain IDA18’s significant scale up for Small States to respond to their
unique challenges and vulnerabilities. In IDA19, Small States will continue to benefit from the
massive increase in IDA’s minimum base allocation in IDA18 to SDR 15 million (equivalent to
US$20.7 million) 128 per year. They will also stand to benefit from the enhanced linkages to
resilience under the CRW, as well as adjustments to the Regional Window which could
significantly boost financing to Small States to help them expand markets, find regional solutions
for challenges facing multiple countries, harmonize policies, and promote global public goods.
Small Island Economies (SIEs)—a subset of Small States—will continue to receive special
treatment from IDA pursuant to IDA’s Small Island Economies Exception Policy.129 Sixteen SIEs
with GNI per capita above the IDA operational cut-off are receiving IDA Concessional Credits on
the most favorable terms that IDA offers—Small Economy Terms. Small States that are not island
states will also continue to receive IDA Concessional Credits on Small Economy Terms.

128
129

Using IDA19 foreign exchange reference rate of SDR/US$ 1.38318.
The SIE Exception Policy, first adopted in 1985, was revised in March 2019 to include (a) criteria for considering requests
from IBRD-only SIEs to be reclassified as IDA-eligible SIEs; and (b) criteria for calibrating the terms on which IDA
concessional resources are provided to SIEs. In accordance with the revised policy, the borrower status of the Republic of Fiji
was reclassified from “IBRD-only” to “Blend Country” status, effective as of July 1, 2019.

- 65 -

IDA Concessional Windows
135. Participants welcomed proposed adjustments to IDA Windows which: (i) expand the
Regional Window to support strategic initiatives, regional organizations and policy reform; (ii)
enhance the CRW to support early response to slower-onset crises; and (iii) simplify the IDA
architecture through the Regional Public Goods Envelope to improve resource allocation
responsiveness and efficiencies across the Regional Window and WHR within clearly defined
parameters and avoiding creation of new windows. Specifically, IDA19 will enable a flexibility of
resources between the windows up to a maximum of US$ 0.5 billion before IDA19 MTR.
136. Participants supported a significant scale-up in resources for the Regional Window.
The expansion will be anchored in regional strategies and focused on identified priorities, such as
prevention and preparedness for natural disasters and pandemics, the Blue Economy (see Box 8 in
Section III C), and adoption of innovations with strong spill-over effects to other IDA countries.
In Africa, the “Africa Regional Integration and Cooperation Assistance Strategy” FY18-FY23 will
guide selection of priority operations including addressing regional dimensions of fragility
(including in the Sahel, Lake Chad region, and the Horn of Africa); the Human Capital Project;
trade and value chains; and the Digital Economy for Africa. South Asia’s strategic focus centers
on promoting cooperation on a sub-regional basis in sectors such as IT, energy, waterways and
environment. Europe and Central Asia (ECA) is launching a new Regional Engagement
Framework for Central Asia (REFCA) with a focus on regional links, hydro-power/energy market
development, increased trade/transport relations and overall strengthening connectivity to South
Asia. This includes projects that aim to improve regional connectivity between Tajikistan and
Afghanistan and foster economic activity, with one key focus being on at-risk border regions
between the two countries based on risk and resilience analytics. East Asia and Pacific will focus
on the Pacific Islands in the areas of aviation, communications, environmental management,
fisheries and disaster financing including catastrophic risk insurance. The Latin America and
Caribbean WBG’s Regional Partnership Strategy for the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
(OECS) for 2015-20 focuses on growth and competitiveness and strengthening resilience.
Regional cooperation is one of four pillars of the Middle East and North Africa region’s strategy
and focuses on public goods (education, water and energy) and fostering greater trust and
collaboration and seeking opportunities for inter-regional initiatives with the Africa Region.
137. Participants also took note of the proposed operational adjustments to the Regional
Window. They welcomed the introduction of regional DPF operations within the
Regional Window to support coordinated regional policy reforms, while underscoring the need for
disciplined implementation of this modality. The Regional Window will scale up support for
single-country operations that clearly demonstrate spillovers, for example for pandemics or when
a multi-country agreement calls for the implementation of activities that can be financed through
an IDA operation. 130 Furthermore, depending on the nature of support and adequate risk
assessments, the Regional Window will also allow creditworthy regional organizations to access
IDA credits, provided that such interventions exclusively benefit IDA countries. Participants also
stressed that complementary policy and institutional reforms are needed to ensure that gains from

130

In IDA17, Participants agreed to introduce to the IDA Regional Window the ability to finance projects with only one IDA
country, but which would have a significant transformational impact on the region.

- 66 -

regional investments materialize fully and do so in an inclusive and sustainable manner (See
Annex 5.)
138. Participants endorsed the proposed CRW support to slower-onset crises, i.e., disease
outbreaks and food insecurity. They stressed the importance of developing appropriate
operational and governance arrangements for this, including triggers. The CRW will also help
galvanize crisis preparedness through CERCs and establish more explicit linkages between CRW
usage for efforts to “build back better” through strengthening countries’ post-crisis programming
to strengthen resilience to future shocks. Participants encouraged IDA to support countries to better
understand the range of tools available in the crisis toolkit. Participants endorsed a proposed CRW
envelope of US$2.5 billion, with the opportunity to adjust at the IDA19 MTR if additional
resources are required for crisis response. At the IDA19 MTR, the CRW’s experience with the
early response framework, especially the triggers and their adequateness will be reviewed and
analyzed. (See Annex 6.)
139. Participants supported IDA retaining capacity to support countries131 seeking to reengage with IDA in IDA19. Such exceptional support will be provided under IDA’s systematic
approach to arrears clearance, as warranted by the country context. Participants agreed to make
US$1 billion available for this purpose in IDA19. Participants requested Management to provide
an update on the utilization of resources for arrears clearance operations at the IDA19 MTR and
to indicate plans for the reallocation of any unused resources during the last year of IDA19.
140. Participants supported the continuation of the PSW with an allocation of US$2.5
billion and welcomed steps Management has taken to enhance transparency. The PSW is a
primary tool of the WBG to support the IFC’s corporate goal of increasing its share of
commitments in IDA countries in line with the IBRD and IFC capital package. Drawing on lessons
learned from the PSW pilot in IDA18, the PSW in IDA19 will maintain the same facilities, but
with indicative amounts for each sub-facility reflecting emerging demand. The PSW eligibility
framework will be modified to (i) support one replenishment period transition for IDA countries
either moving to gap status or no longer on FCS list,132 and (ii) allow PSW resources to support
programmatic interventions where up to a maximum of 20 percent of the total investments
supported by a program may be located outside of PSW eligible countries,133 only provided that it
is demonstrated a multiplier effect in terms of direct benefits achieved through the specific program
in PSW eligible countries is demonstrated. Participants welcomed the exploration of new
instruments under the Blended Finance Facility and Local Currency Facility to enhance local
currency lending and include local financiers and third-party lenders (including other DFIs where
appropriate), in PSW supported IFC-led transactions. Management will keep IDA Participants
updated on progress and obtain necessary authorizations from IDA Board to implement the
131

132
133

Three countries with loans and credits to IBRD and/or IDA in protracted arrears could potentially become eligible for
exceptional IDA support for arrears clearance. Somalia and Sudan have been ring-fenced for potential eligibility under the
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, while Zimbabwe was not assessed in the context of the HIPC ring-fencing
exercises.
A transition replenishment would imply that countries which change to IDA Gap status within a replenishment will have
access to PSW resources for the next replenishment cycle before losing access to PSW.
For a list of PSW eligible countries please see https://ida.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/psw-eligible-countriesregions.pdf.

- 67 -

solutions. Participants asked to continue being informed on progress made and welcomed
enhanced transparency on PSW subsidies, encouraging Management to strengthen linkages of
PSW support with the IDA Special Themes. In addition to expanding information available on
IDA, IFC, and MIGA’s websites, Management committed that the PSW website134 will compile a
range of information about the PSW, including list of projects supported, expected impacts and
subsidy provided, as well as multimedia information on individual projects showcasing economic
rationale for subsidy utilization and additionality to MIGA and IFC’s own lending in IDA
countries. Participants also called for an IEG review of PSW implementation by the IDA19 MTR.
141. Participants supported the continuation of the WHR with an allocation of US$2.2
billion. (See Annex 4.)
B. NON-CONCESSIONAL IDA FINANCING
142. While non-concessional IDA financing consumes less IDA capital than concessional
financing, the share of concessional vs. non-concessional financing in each replenishment
must reflect demand from IDA countries. With the elimination of IDA transition support to IDA
graduates, which was endorsed by IDA Participants at the IDA18 MTR, 135 non-concessional
resources in IDA will be reduced in IDA19. This also reflects strong demand from IDA countries
for concessional resources.
143. The Scale-up Facility will continue in IDA19 but will be renamed as the Scale-up
Window (SUW). The SUW will provide financing on IBRD lending terms to Blend and IDA-only
countries that are at low or moderate risk of debt distress to support high-quality, transformational
single-country and regional operations with strong development impact. The SUW will continue
to focus on interventions that help clients remove critical constraints to development.
Implementation arrangements will remain consistent with IDA18, including ensuring full
alignment with the forthcoming SDFP and the IMF Debt Limit Policy. Participants agreed to
allocate an envelope of US$5.7 billion to the SUW in IDA19. (See Annex 8.)

134
135

See IDA18 IFC-MIGA Private Sector Window.
See the IDA18 MTR report Transitioning out of IDA financing - A review of graduation policy and transition process.

- 68 -

Graduation
144. Participants congratulated Moldova and Mongolia on their recent development gains
and on the achievement of graduating from IDA at the end of IDA18. They also agreed to
maintain IDA’s flexible and holistic graduation process, which helps countries make a successful
and lasting exit from IDA. To confirm readiness and ensure a smooth and permanent transition
from IDA to IBRD, Management also committed to strengthen consultation with the relevant
governments. To help ensure such a smooth and permanent transition, Participants welcomed
Management’s commitments made under the IBRD capital increase that: IDA graduates receive
adequate IBRD support, aiming to make available resources to fully replace IDA financing; and
be exempted from the maturity premium increase for two IDA replenishment cycles. (See also
paragraph 149 for IDA graduates’ ability to recommit resources from canceled IDA projects.)
Participants agreed to discontinue provision of exceptional transitional support to IDA graduates
at the end of IDA18. Finally, Participants agreed to retain a cap on allocations to Blend countries
with large cumulative WB commitments at seven percent of country-allocable IDA resources.
C. LENDING TERMS
145. Participants agreed to retain IDA18’s concessional and non-concessional lending
terms into IDA19, subject to exceptions listed in the next paragraph. For IDA-only non-gap
countries, grant eligibility will continue to be based on risk of debt distress ratings. Countries at
low risk of debt distress will receive their concessional IDA resources on credit terms. Countries
at moderate risk of debt distress will receive IDA concessional financing in a mix of 50 percent
credit and 50 percent grant terms.136 Countries at high risk of debt distress will receive their IDA
allocations fully on grant terms, subject to a ceiling of US$1 billion per FY per country.137
146. Participants also agreed to retain the lending terms for the WHR. For countries at high
risk of external debt distress, WHR financing will be provided on grant terms. For countries at low
to moderate risk of external debt distress, financing will be provided 50 percent in grants and 50
percent in the applicable credit terms of the country. In an adjustment to the apportionment of
WHR resources and PBA resources, the WHR in IDA19 will finance up to 90 percent of the total
project amount, complemented by at least 10 percent from the country’s PBA.138 (See Annex 4.)
147. Participants supported a two-stage approach to develop solutions that would benefit
IDA countries in accessing local currency financing. While there are many structures and
features that could be explored, each one comes with its own challenges and tradeoffs, and needs
to be carefully assessed in order to meet borrowers’ development needs while preserving IDA’s
long term financial sustainability. Given the complexity and the challenges involved in developing
new local currency solution products, Participants have requested an in-depth analysis of this topic
before the end of IDA18, with the aim to develop and discuss a proposal at IDA19 MTR.
136
137

138

Terms may be hardened if performance and policy actions under the forthcoming SDFP are not met.
To help address moral hazard and to protect IDA’s long term financial sustainability, a ceiling of $1 billion on grant allocations
per FY per country will be introduced in IDA19. Allocations beyond this ceiling would be on IDA regular terms or as
determined under the SDFP. See Addressing Debt Vulnerabilities in IDA Countries: Options for IDA19 IDA/SecM2019-0176
(June 4, 2019).
This adjusted apportionment reflects lessons from IDA18 and aims to simplify and focus the dialogue between WB teams and
clients on substantive issues relating to WHR programming.

- 69 -

148. Accelerated repayments. Participants noted that the implementation of the acceleration
clause could place a heavy burden on IDA19 graduates and hinder their smooth transition out of
IDA. They therefore supported the temporary suspension of the decision to exercise the
acceleration clause for Moldova and Mongolia for the duration of IDA19. Regarding the IDA18
graduates, Participants welcomed Management’s proposal to exercise the acceleration clause
included in the legal agreements for regular and blend credits since 1987. The proposal was
approved by the Executive Directors in December 2019.139
149. Recommitment of resources from canceled projects by IDA graduates. Participants
noted the importance of retaining flexibility and incentives to restructure ongoing IDA-financed
operations to achieve their development impact, including operations in IDA graduates. As such,
Participants supported retaining the practice approved at the start of IDA18 to allow IDA graduates
to recommit resources from canceled projects, and subsequently updated the practice after the
IDA18 MTR.140 Cancelled funds may be used for recommitments within the same fiscal year (FY),
and in all cases before June 30 of the last year of the IDA replenishment cycle within which the
cancellation occurs.141

SECTION V: ENSURING EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION
150. IDA19 implementation will build on lessons learned from implementation, IEG
reviews and feedback from Participants. IDA18 implementation to date has demonstrated
IDA’s capacity to deliver at much larger financing volumes while maintaining the quality of
programs, even as the risk profile has increased. The strong demand for IDA19 financing,
specifically including through the expanded Regional Window and the new FCV Envelope,
underscores the need for IDA to continue enhancing efficiency and effectiveness to better support
clients to tackle the toughest challenges. Before and throughout the IDA19 period, Management
will reinforce outreach to staff to prepare well for the opportunities of IDA19 and to strengthen
efforts to improve project performance and portfolio quality.
151. Attention to risk and performance during implementation will also be enhanced, with
an emphasis on early identification of high-risk projects and proactive actions to address
them. Participants underscored the need for robust implementation monitoring and evaluation in
IDA19, as IDA takes on more work in FCS, assists increasingly more IDA countries address debt
vulnerabilities and undertakes a greater mandate in support of regional priorities. In IDA19,
Management will continue to take a comprehensive approach in monitoring IDA’s pipeline of
projects to facilitate early identification of problem projects. It will also continue to track the
“Proactivity Index,” a key measure introduced with the IDA18 RMS for tracking actions taken to
139
140

141

See IDA19 Acceleration of Credit Repayments to IDA IDA/R2019-0347 (December 13, 2019).
See IDA18: Post-Mid-Term Review Amendments IDA/R2018-0401 (December 17, 2018). See also IDA Directive on
Recommitment of IDA Resources (February 7, 2019), which limits eligibility to IDA graduates within two replenishment
cycles following IDA graduation; allows cancelled IDA balances from IDA concessional credits to be recommitted on Blend
terms; and requires any cancelled IDA balances from IDA non-concessional credits to be recommitted on IDA nonconcessional credit lending terms.
Current IDA-eligible countries have the flexibility to recommit eligible balances within the full three-year IDA cycle.

- 70 -

improve the performance of problem projects. Furthermore, Management will leverage the
enhanced Project Preparation Facility (PPF) to facilitate substantial project preparation and
implementation support for IDA borrowers, particularly those in FCV situations. In the same vein,
as anticipated in IDA18, Management will continue to monitor carefully IDA disbursements, as
IDA18 and IDA19 significant scale-up will involve a natural lag between the commitments and
disbursements, which draw on commitments from previous (and smaller) replenishments. 142
Strong fiduciary oversight will continue as well.
152. Management will closely monitor the operationalization of the IDA19 FCV Envelope.
The design of the FCV Envelope draws heavily from lessons learned during IDA18 and WB-wide
experience and strategic insights on how IDA can most effectively enhance support to FCS clients
facing different kinds of FCV risks.143 Participants called for Management to implement a clear
rules-based approach. Operationalization of the FCV Envelope requires early outreach and
preparation to enable clients to access these resources and make appropriate commitments.
Implementation of FCV Envelope allocations will be complemented by the ongoing scale-up of
staffing to serve IDA FCS, which will improve the skills mix to help clients to address FCV
drivers. Coordination and cooperation with partners will continue to be important throughout the
project cycle and, in particular as the FCV envelope is operationalized, Bank teams will consult
with the UN, CSOs, and regional organizations in the development of eligibility packages.
Outreach on implementation planning for the FCV Envelope is underway and aims to prepare
country teams and GPs to engage with clients on its incentive and accountability structure. (See
Annexes 3 and 4.)
153. A strategic approach will be undertaken in the selection of operations to be financed
by the IDA Regional Window scale-up, to ensure its effective implementation in IDA19.
These operations will be anchored in regional strategies and identified priorities. Measures will be
taken to enhance selectivity in identifying operations for financing. Quality will be ensured
through mainstreaming of RI portfolio issues in Country Portfolio Performance Reviews (CPPRs),
allocating budget for preparation of FY20 and FY21 projects portfolio, and attention to project
design. Proactive outreach to clients will also help firm up the pipeline. Furthermore, actions have
been identified to strengthen the design and monitoring of impact and spillover benefits of regional
projects. These efforts will include: analytic work as a basis for strengthening the pipeline
identification process and articulation of the change theory for projects; standardized results
indicators capturing the spillover benefits; convening of countries and regional bodies to reach a
better and shared understanding of regional benefits of proposed interventions; political economy
analysis; and limited use of regional policy-based instruments to strengthen coordinated policy
reforms. Arrangements for operational support for a scaled-up Regional Window will also include
streamlining and staff strengthening.144 (See Annex 5.)
142
143
144

As explained in The Demand for IDA18 Resources and the Strategy for their Effective Use and in the IDA18 Mid-Term Review
Implementation and Results Progress Report
IDA19 Second Replenishment Meeting: Special Theme - Fragility, Conflict and Violence, see Section II D, “Progress and
Lessons from the IDA18 Financing Toolkit.”
Staff strengthening includes: more experienced staff, increased decentralization of staff, attention to provision of fiduciary
staff for financial management, procurement and safeguards in addition to technical staff. See Additional Information
Following up on the Addis Ababa Discussions on Regional, Crisis Response and Private Sector Windows. Development
Finance Corporate IDA and IBRD (DFCII), September 27, 2019

- 71 -

154. Preparation to implement PSW in IDA19 is well underway, building upon lessons
learned over IDA18. PSW uptake in IDA18 was slower than expected due in part to the long
ramp up period needed to create PSW policies, procedures and controls systems. These critical
foundations are now in place to support solid implementation in IDA19. Likewise, cost recovery
arrangements among the three institutions were established in IDA18 and will continue with
annual reviews. Both IFC and MIGA have developed a significant pipeline of transactions in
IDA18 which will enable a stronger start for IDA19.145 The DFIs Enhanced Blended Concessional
Finance Principles for private sector operations have been rigorously applied to all proposals for
PSW allocation. Projects will continue to be reviewed based on the additional volume of
commitment and mobilization over what would have been achieved by IFC or MIGA without PSW
support, or the notable “firsts” that PSW is supporting. In addition, projects are now reviewed even
more closely based on their contribution to country or sector reform efforts or their market-level
impacts to assess if they warrant concessional support, as detailed in IFC’s Anticipated Impact
Measurement and Monitoring (AIMM) framework and MIGA’s Impact Measurement and Project
Assessment Comparison Tool (IMPACT) assessment. 146 Management will also review the
efficiency of its internal operational and financial arrangements for the PSW to ensure fit-forpurpose.
155. Robust implementation planning is underway to ensure effective implementation of
the forthcoming SDFP. The SDFP will build on the NCBP architecture. Its governance and
implementation arrangements will be designed to ensure that all key aspects of the policy are
covered, and country-specific circumstances are considered in Management’s decisions.
Governance will be anchored in a rules-based approach with simple and concrete rules, making it
easy for client governments, country teams and other creditors to understand. The Policy will have
an accountability and decision-making framework with clear roles regarding (i) defining SDFP
performance and policy actions and assessing progress against them and (ii) establishing and
releasing set-asides from IDA country allocations (see paragraph 47), and/or adjusting financial
terms based on progress against the performance and policy actions. Reviews of policy actions
will seek to ensure sufficient ambition, comparability across similar countries, and that countries’
capacity and challenges are appropriately considered. It will also promote stronger collective
action among borrowers, creditors and international development partners to support borrowers’
sound economic policies and prudent debt management as well as creditors’ sustainable lending
practices.
156. Participants called for continued efforts to support absorptive capacity and
scalability in Small States. Building institutional capacity and enhancing the use of flexibilities
available in WB policies and instruments such as multi-phase programmatic approaches, will be
critical components to this. In addition, project preparation advances from the expanded PPF,
including programmatic preparation advances, will continue to facilitate core capacity building,
pipeline development, project preparation, and initial implementation activities.

145
146

The PSW downstream pipeline includes projects which have undergone one or more levels of internal reviews and approvals,
with the participation of IDA Representatives.
Board Approved and post-Concept projects proposed for PSW support have AIMM and IMPACT ratings higher than nonPSW supported IFC and MIGA projects (at 86 average AIMM and 90 average IMPACT ratings for PSW-supported IFC and
MIGA projects, respectively, versus 57 average AIMM and 58 average IMPACT ratings for non-PSW supported IFC and
MIGA projects).

- 72 -

157. In addition, Participants emphasized the need to address GBV-related risks within
the institution and in its operations. To address challenges that can emerge in investment
projects with major civil works contracts, particularly sexual exploitation and abuse and sexual
harassment, the WB has developed a Good Practice note with recommendations to assist staff in
identifying risks of GBV. In addition, as part of the WBG, the institution has published a roadmap
to overcoming sexual harassment, which includes more than 50 initiatives to improve
transparency, scale-up prevention, build trust, and enhance accountability. A new and revised
Code of Ethics and Conduct will also be launched in the Fall of 2019. The Sexual Exploitation and
Abuse (SEA) and Sexual Harassment Good Practice Note was rolled out in October 2018 as part
of the Environment and Social Framework and has now been updated to include sectors beyond
infrastructure and civil works. Consequently, all new IDA (and IBRD) operations are now
screened for SEA risk as part of the ESF’s overall risk management.
158. As in IDA18, Management will keep Participants fully informed of IDA19 financial
and policy delivery. In addition to comprehensive reporting at the IDA19 MTR, Management will
provide updates on implementation issues and pipeline development at the time of the Spring and
Annual Meetings of the WBG prior to the MTR. Furthermore, Management will share annual
progress reports on IDA19 policy commitments.

SECTION VI: MANAGING IDA’S FINANCIAL RESOURCES
159. Participants endorsed a total replenishment of US$82.0 billion (equivalent to SDR
59.3 billion 147 ) for IDA19, which would constitute the IDA19 commitment authority
envelope.
160. Participants supported continuation of sustainable leveraging in the IDA Hybrid
Model guided by the key leveraging principles agreed in IDA18:
a. Maintaining IDA’s ability to continue fulfilling its mission in the future, as well as
predictability and stability of financing for clients;
b. Ensuring IDA’s ability to service debt without restricting future lending capacity, without
negatively affecting its leveraging potential at future replenishments, and without creating
hidden liabilities for Partners;148 and
c. Preserving IDA’s ability to adjust its policies at future replenishments, ensuring that
decisions for IDA18 do not pre-commit future funding levels, lending volumes, and
allocation principles.
161. Participants recognized the flexibility offered by the Hybrid Financial Model,
including the potential to scale up financing in response to severe and large-scale global crisis
where it was judged critical to draw forward financing capacity. Participants noted that it is
necessary to leverage in a sustainable manner to allow stability in future financing to clients and
increase its capacity to respond to major crises.

147
148

At the IDA19 foreign exchange reference rate of SDR/US$ 1.38318.
In Section VI of this document, the term “Partner” refers to the full government which each IDA Deputy represents.

- 73 -

162. Participants supported Management’s recommendation on capital value protection
to implement a US$15.0 billion swap program as a risk management strategy. Participants
also highlighted the importance of retaining simplicity when communicating IDA’s financial
model to key stakeholders. Implementation of such a program was approved by IDA Executive
Directors on September 24, 2019.149
163. Participants noted that IDA19 choices do not prejudge decision-making for future
replenishments. Policies on the scale, funding and allocation of IDA resources, reflecting the
three main financial policy levers – replenishment size, Partner contributions, and concessionality
– can be adjusted over time according to evolving circumstances and will be decided in the context
of future replenishments. Choices would be made within the limits of appropriate credit risk,
capital adequacy and exposure management frameworks, including overall lending limits and
financial ratios commensurate with IDA’s risk-bearing capacity. Participants furthermore noted
the need to monitor, and ensure timely discussions on, the ability of IDA to provide financing also
beyond 2030.
164. Participants also recognized the significant efforts of IDA18 graduates (Bolivia, Sri
Lanka and Vietnam) whose repayment of qualifying IDA credits would be accelerated. These
efforts improve IDA’s financial sustainability and as such increase resources available to IDA
countries in IDA19 and future replenishments.
165. Participants affirmed their strong support for IDA and confirmed the importance
and continued role of Partner contributions in the integrated financing framework. While
leveraging introduced in the IDA Hybrid Financial Model offers significant value for money for
Partner contributions, Participants recognized that this requires commensurate joint commitment
to address substitution risks – the risks that access to capital markets could trigger a reduction in
Partner contributions. Strong shareholder support through continued grant contributions is critical
to IDA’s financial framework, including for the Hybrid Financial Model to successfully leverage
funds and be financially sustainable over the long term. Participants also reiterated their
commitment under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) to fully finance the costs to IDA
of providing MDRI debt relief and their agreement that the financing of these costs would be
additional to regular IDA contributions.
A. CONTRIBUTIONS AND IBRD TRANSFERS
166. IDA19 commitment authority will be supported by Partner grant contributions
including the grant element of the concessional loans from Partners and transfers from
IBRD.150 These resources, as well as IDA’s existing equity, enable leveraging through the capital
markets to fund IDA19 commitments.
167. Partner contributions supporting IDA19 commitment authority are provided as part
of the IDA19 replenishment itself as well as under the MDRI replenishment. Participants
noted that Management will review IDA's commitment authority and report to IDA’s Executive
149
150

See IDA Capital Value Protection Program IDA/R2019-0274 (August 27, 2019).
The IBRD transfers are made out of its net income and are subject to annual approvals by the IBRD’s Board of Governors
after considering IBRD’s reserve retention needs as required by IBRD’s Articles.

- 74 -

Directors on a regular basis. This review will take into account the status of Partner financing
commitments to the IDA19 replenishment and the MDRI replenishment, as well as any significant
changes in the financial variables impacting IDA’s financial projections. In the event of a shortfall
of Partner commitments, the level of IDA19 commitment authority could be adjusted over the
course of the IDA19 period. Management will consult with the Board and, as necessary, make
adjustments to the level of IDA19 commitment authority. Such adjustment will be guided by the
financial and risk management framework and principles of IDA’s long-term financial
sustainability.
168. Participants endorsed US$23.5 billion (equivalent to SDR 17.0 billion) of total Partner
contributions for IDA19 Replenishment. IDA19 Partner contributions comprise: (i) basic
contributions of US$22.3 billion (equivalent to SDR 16.1 billion), which includes grant
contributions of US$22.0 billion (equivalent to SDR 15.9 billion) and the grant element of
US$0.3 billion (equivalent to SDR 0.2 billion) from Concessional Partner Loan (CPL)
contributions; and (ii) contributions to cover IDA’s debt relief costs under the Heavily Indebted
Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative in IDA19 (FY21-23) amounting to US$0.9 billion (equivalent to
SDR 0.6 billion); (iii) contributions to arrears clearance support amounting to US$0.2 billion
(equivalent to SDR 0.1 billion). In addition, Partner contributions are expected to generate
investment income amounting to US$0.1 billion (equivalent to SDR 0.1 billion) by using a regular
encashment profile of 9 years.151 Partner contributions (subscriptions and contributions) underpin
IDA19’s commitment authority.
169. New and prospective Partners. Angola, Azerbaijan, and Ecuador have pledged to become
new IDA contributing Partners and Botswana has returned as a donor. In addition, Bahrain,
Bulgaria and Uruguay have pledged to make donations to IDA19 as non-members. Bulgaria’s
membership application is in process. Participants noted that, in their view, there are still a number
of countries that have the economic capability to contribute to IDA but have not yet done so. They
welcomed Management’s efforts to reach out to these countries and agreed that these should
continue to encourage them to become IDA Partners.
170. Additional grant contributions. Partners may, at any time, make additional grant
contributions to the amounts shown in Table 1a of Annex 13.
171. Structural gap in reported Partners’ burden shares. Deputies expressed concerns over
the currently large and increasing structural gap, leading to burden shares indicated in the report,152
which do not truly reflect the actual burden shares of partner contributions as they are lower. While
Management explained that the structural gap was principally relevant for burden share calculation
purpose, Management committed to reviewing the structural gap by the IDA19 MTR and will
prepare a paper to identify concrete options which include a specific way forward. The paper will
lay a path for arriving at a sustainable solution to address concerns raised by Deputies, specifically
in terms of enhancing transparency in reporting Partners’ burden shares and exploring ways to
reduce the structural gap so that currently under-reported burden shares will be more reflective of
the actual shares of contributions. The paper will also consider drivers for the increase in the
151
152

Amounts may not add up due to rounding.
Annex 13 Table 1a, and Annex 14 Table A14.1.

- 75 -

structural gap, deviations from actual shares, impact on donor contributions, and the pros and cons
of different options in light of other institutions’ relevant experience.
172. Voting rights. Deputies agreed to the continuance of the existing IDA voting rights system
for the IDA19 period and that the grant element of CPLs be recognized in the voting rights
allocation. Following the decision at the IDA18 replenishment and discussions with Participants
in October 2018 and April 2019, IDA Governors endorsed a review of the IDA voting rights
arrangements153 and tasked IDA Executive Directors to carry it out. An update on the progress of
the review will be presented to IDA Governors at 2020 Annual Meetings. As part of the
engagements with Partners during the Spring and Annual Meetings, Management will provide
Participants with regular updates on the progress.
173. Participants reaffirmed the need to provide additional Partner contributions for the
MDRI replenishment of US$3.9 billion (equivalent to SDR 2.8 billion), to cover IDA’s debt
relief costs due to the MDRI during IDA19 as agreed under the MDRI. Partner contributions
to the MDRI replenishment are governed by the MDRI Resolution.154 Under the terms of the
MDRI Resolution, IDA has undertaken to reflect changes in actual and estimated costs of MDRI
debt forgiveness by making adjustments to Partner contributions to MDRI every three years –
normally in conjunction with regular replenishments. 155 Revised Compensation Schedule and
Partner Contribution tables to the MDRI Resolution, reflecting the updated cost estimates for the
MDRI as of June 30, 2019, have been provided to members. Corresponding adjustments to reflect
these updated amounts are also required in the payment schedule attached to each IDA member’s
Instrument of Commitment for its MDRI subscription and contribution. 156 Section VII below
provides further information regarding Partner contributions to finance debt relief costs under the
HIPC Initiative, the MDRI and arrears clearance operations.
174. Participants noted that, as agreed as part of the 2018 WBG Capital Package, the
IBRD income transfer formula used in IDA18 will continue to be applied in future
replenishments. The current estimate for IDA19 is approximately US$0.9 billion (equivalent to
SDR 0.7 billion). These transfers will be subject to annual approvals by IBRD’s Board of
Governors based upon evaluations of IBRD’s annual results and after considering reserve retention
needs.
175. Per the 2018 WBG Capital Package agreement, IFC transfers to IDA will be
suspended starting in IDA19.157 Instead, the income transfer is expected to be redeployed to
support expanded IFC activities in IDA countries, as such boosting IFC’s direct engagement in
IDA countries. Included in the commitments are IFC’s aim to expand commitments in IDA and in
FCS countries and reach up to 40 percent of all IFC commitments by 2030 and an average of
153
154
155
156
157

See the Development Committee meeting paper: IDA Voting Rights Review: Report to Governors IDA/SecM2019-0205
(August 23, 2019).
IDA, Additions to IDA’s Resources: Financing the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative: IDA Resolution No. 211 adopted by
IDA’s Board of Governors on April 21, 2006 (the “MDRI Resolution”).
Paragraphs 1(f), 2(c) and 2(d) of the MDRI Resolution.
Members will be notified of the necessary amendments to their MDRI Instruments of Commitment and the payment schedule
following adoption of the IDA19 Resolution by the Board of Governors.
Sustainable Financing for Sustainable Development DC2018-0002/2 (April 17, 2018).

- 76 -

32.5 percent over FY19-FY30. To that end, see also the IDA policy commitment under the JET
Special Theme, in which the IFC will aim to increase the share of its commitments in FCS-IDA17
& LIC-IDA17 countries,158 reaching 10-15 percent of its own-account commitment on average
during the IDA19 cycle.
176. Partners acknowledged that CPLs represent an effective way to leverage IDA’s
balance sheet, provide low cost, fixed-rate, long-term funding to IDA, and provide Partners
with increased flexibility to contribute to IDA. They noted that concessional loan contributors
would receive burden sharing recognition through voting rights based on the grant element of the
loan, with such voting rights allocated following loan drawdown by IDA. Partners also noted that
loan funding will not be earmarked for any purpose and will be used as part of IDA’s overall pool
of funding.
177. They endorsed the principles of ensuring transparency, equal treatment, and
additionality (i.e., avoiding substitution), and they reaffirmed their commitment to protect
IDA’s long-term financial sustainability. While CPLs provide IDA Partners with flexibility to
provide additional contributions, Partner grant contributions remain critical to IDA’s hybrid
financing model. This is even more the case in IDA19, given the continued increase in grant
financing to clients associated with the proposed IDA19 policy package, and the fact that CPLs
cannot fund grants. In line with IDA17 and IDA18 CPL Frameworks, the IDA19 CPL Framework
therefore continues to seek to balance the strong incentives for Partners to provide grant financing
with the need to provide recognition for the additional funding provided by concessional loans in
a fair and transparent way.
178. In this context, Participants agreed that Partners who are providing concessional loans to
IDA19 should provide at least 80 percent of their benchmark Minimum Grant Equivalent
Contribution (as defined below) in the form of a basic grant contribution, and at least 100 percent
of the benchmark Minimum Grant Equivalent Contribution in the form of a basic grant equivalent
contribution (basic grant contribution plus the grant element of the CPL), where the benchmark
Minimum Grant Equivalent Contribution will be defined flexibly as follows:
a. The Minimum Grant Contribution benchmark will be defined as 100 percent of a Partner’s
previous basic grant equivalent contributions (which would include basic contributions159
from grants and grant element from a CPL) based on the lower of IDA17, or IDA18, as the
Partner prefers.
b. the Minimum Grant Contribution benchmark could be based on the Currency of the Pledge,
National Currency or SDR amounts, as the Partner prefers.
179. Similar to IDA17 and IDA18, CPLs can be provided in SDR or single currencies of
the SDR basket. In addition, Partners welcomed the flexibility to convert CPLs into an eligible
non-SDR currency upon signature of the loan agreement.
158

159

LIC-IDA17: Countries that are classified as low-income countries (LIC) as of July 1, 2016 (GNI per capita <=$1,025 in 2015).
FCS-IDA17: The subset of IDA17-eligible countries that are also on the latest (FY19) FCS list. See Annex 4 of IFC Strategy
and Business Outlook Update (FY20-FY22) for more details.
For the purposes of Minimum Grant Contribution benchmark calculation, IDA17 basic grant equivalent contribution
includes compensation for grant principal foregone.

- 77 -

180. Key IDA CPL financing terms and additional details of the IDA19 CPL Framework,
including calculation of the grant element, are described in Annex 11.
B. REPLENISHMENT EFFECTIVENESS
181. Deputies recommended that financing for IDA19 be made subject to an effectiveness
condition similar to that used under previous IDA replenishments. The purpose of such a
condition is to ensure that most Partner financing, including contributions by major Partners, is in
place on time. Deputies recommended that IDA19 become effective when Instruments or Qualified
Instruments of Commitment and concessional loan agreements accounting in the aggregate for
60 percent of the total of Partner grant and concessional loan contributions160 as per Table 1a and
Table 1b of Annex 13 have been received by IDA. They recommended a target effectiveness date
for the replenishment of December 15, 2020.
182. Deputies noted the importance of providing their Instruments of Commitment and
signing their concessional loan agreements as early as possible, so as to advance the date of
reaching the threshold for replenishment effectiveness.161
183. Deputies also noted the importance of timely availability of Partner contributions for
IDA’s ability to provide grants. With the new hybrid financial model, Partner contributions are
used to support increased concessionality and specifically grant financing for the poorest and most
vulnerable countries. Provision of grant financing to IDA countries without corresponding
contributions to IDA partners would erode IDA’s capital and limit IDA’s ability to leverage
through the capital markets. Timely availability of Partner contributions to support grant financing
is therefore important to avoid any negative impact on IDA’s equity.
184. Advance Contribution Scheme. In past IDA replenishments, Partners agreed that a share
of their contributions could be used before the replenishment becomes effective unless otherwise
requested by a Partner. Under this Advance Contribution Scheme, one-third of the amount
specified in a contributing member’s Instrument of Commitment received before effectiveness
would be used for commitment authority purposes, unless stated otherwise by a Partner. Upon
reaching replenishment effectiveness condition, the remaining amount of the Partners’ Instruments
of Commitment amounts will be used for commitment authority purposes.
C. CONTRIBUTION PROCEDURES
185. Deputies recommended that the contribution and payment arrangements for grant
contributors continue as in previous replenishments.
a. Partners will provide their grant contributions in the form of cash or promissory notes
in three equal annual installments. The first installment will be due 31 days after the
replenishment becomes effective, which is expected by December 15, 2020, except for
advance contributions which will be paid as specified by IDA. The second installment will

160
161

Only grant element of concessional loan contributions is used for the purposes of meeting effectiveness condition.
Some Partners’ budgetary and legislative timetables permit them to make their contributions at an early stage in the fiscal
year.

- 78 -

be paid no later than January 15, 2022, and the third installment no later than January 15,
2023. IDA may agree to postpone any payment under the terms of the IDA19 Resolution.
b. Partners will provide their concessional loans in the form of cash in up to three annual
installments. The first installment will be due 31 days after the replenishment becomes
effective, which is expected by December 15, 2020, except for advance contributions
which will be paid as specified by IDA. The second installment will be paid no later than
January 15, 2022, and the third installment no later than January 15, 2023. At its discretion
and with the agreement of the loan provider, Management may draw down on different
dates and over shorter periods. IDA may agree to postpone or cancel any drawdown under
the terms of the Loan Agreement.
186. Deputies recommended that subscription and payment arrangements for noncontributing members continue as in previous replenishments. Subscription payments of noncontributing members will be fully paid in one installment and in national currency or, with the
approval of IDA, in any convertible currency of another member country, either in cash or
promissory notes.
187. Partner grant contributions, if provided in the form of promissory notes, will be
encashed on an approximately pro rata basis among Partners following the agreed regular
or custom encashment schedule (Attachment II of the IDA19 Resolution). Partners may, with
the agreement of Management, adjust their grant encashments to reflect their legal and budgetary
requirements. Deputies agreed to indicate any special preferences in this regard to Management
before or when Partners deposit their Instruments of Commitment. Deputies recognized that the
timing of encashments affects IDA’s resource base. They agreed that in exceptional cases, should
unavoidable delays occur, IDA’s grant encashment requests to the relevant Partner may be
adjusted to take into account any past payment delays by that Partner and any related lost income
to IDA. IDA may also agree with any Partner on a revised grant encashment schedule that yields
at least an equivalent value to IDA. A Partner’s voting rights will be affected if the net present
value is not maintained. Deputies agreed that the present value of Partners’ grant encashment
schedules will be based on a 1.3 percent per annum discount rate. Partners that accelerate their
grant encashments can use the additional resources as a credit item, either to increase their own
regular burden share, to cover a share of their costs under the MDRI replenishment, or to cover a
portion of payment arrears from previous replenishments. If a Partner uses their acceleration of the
grant encashment to increase their regular burden share, that Partner will receive additional
subscription votes on account of the additional resources provided to IDA from accelerated grant
encashment. Partners that use accelerated grant encashment can alternatively benefit from a
discount on the amounts encashed.
188. Valuation of contributions. Deputies agreed to denominate their grant contributions in
their respective national currencies if freely convertible, in SDRs, or, with the approval of IDA, in
any convertible currency of another member country. They also agreed to determine the currency
of denomination for each Partner’s grant contribution as of the date of conclusion of the IDA19
replenishment discussions. For the purpose of establishing equivalence of value among different
currencies and the SDR for grant contributions, Partners agreed to use the average daily exchange
rate for the period between March 1, 2019 and August 31, 2019. To help maintain the value of
contributions from Partners with high inflation rates, grant contributions from Partners with

- 79 -

domestic annual inflation of 10 percent or higher in 2016-2018 will be denominated in SDRs or in
any SDR component currency as agreed with IDA. 162 Deputies noted that CPLs would be
denominated in any one of the SDR basket currencies, namely the US Dollar, Euro, Japanese Yen,
British Pound and Chinese Renminbi. Partners could request to convert such loan to a non-SDR
currency based on agreed criteria as specified in the IDA19 CPL Framework (Annex 11). They
also agreed to determine the currency of denomination for each Partner’s concessional loan as of
the date of conclusion of the IDA19 replenishment discussions. Original currencies of
denomination of Partners’ grant contribution or Partners’ concessional loans shall not be changed
after the approval of the Deputies’ Report by IDA’s Executive Directors.
189. Deputies agreed that the IDA18 unused funds carried over into the IDA19 period will
be allocated using IDA19 terms, conditions, and procedures. Partner contributions remaining
outstanding at the end of IDA18 will continue to be administered under the terms of the IDA19
replenishment subject, as appropriate, to the terms and conditions applicable to the IDA18
replenishment with respect to financial management matters such as payment, encashment and
allocation of voting rights.
190. Reporting of contributions. Deputies requested Management to report regularly to the
Executive Directors on the status of Partners’ commitment and actual contributions to IDA,
including on the status of concessional loan contributions.

SECTION VII: FINANCING DEBT RELIEF AND ARREARS CLEARANCE
191. Participants reiterated their strong support for the HIPC initiative and MDRI, which
provide debt relief to the world’s poorest and most indebted countries. They reviewed updated
cost estimates for IDA’ lost credit reflows and the status of Partner financing for the MDRI.
A. THE HIPC INITIATIVE
192. Impact on IDA finances. Deputies reviewed the impact of HIPC debt relief on IDA’s
finances. They reaffirmed the basic HIPC principle that debt relief should not reduce IDA’s
capacity to support poverty reduction and development and should be additional to other IDA
assistance. They noted that current resources available to finance IDA’s HIPC debt relief costs will
be fully utilized by the beginning of IDA19. Therefore, IDA will need additional financing of
around US$0.9 billion (equivalent to SDR 0.7 billion) in IDA19 to finance forgone credit reflows
due to the HIPC Initiative.
193. Deputies supported the continued use of the two mechanisms used in IDA18 for
Partners’ HIPC-related contributions: (i) contributing to IDA directly; or (ii) channeling
contributions through the Debt Relief Trust Fund. 163 The HIPC-related contributions will be
recorded separately from regular IDA contributions in order to ensure that HIPC debt relief is

162
163

Inflation is measured by the rate of change of the national Consumer Price Index (CPI), or the GDP deflator in case of
contributing partner countries for which the CPI is not available.
As amended by Partners and the Executive Directors.

- 80 -

additional to other IDA assistance and shown as a separate column in Table 1a of the IDA19
Resolution. (See Annex 13.)
194. Partner funds provided directly to IDA will be treated in the same manner as regular
contributions, becoming part of IDA’s general resources. Partners can choose to submit one
Instrument of Commitment that combines regular IDA contributions and HIPC-related
contributions, or separate Instruments of Commitment for regular IDA contributions and HIPCrelated contributions. Partners can pay their HIPC contributions in cash or promissory notes. Since
these additional contributions will reimburse IDA for its forgone reflows during FY21-23, they
will be drawn down over the IDA19 period. Partners will receive voting rights for contributions
upon payment to IDA19.164
B. THE MULTILATERAL DEBT RELIEF INITIATIVE (MDRI)
195. Replacement of lost credit reflows. In the Spring of 2006, Partners and shareholders
approved IDA’s participation in MDRI, which provides 100 percent cancellation of eligible debt
owed to IDA by countries reaching the HIPC completion point. Starting on July 1, 2006 and over
the next four decades of MDRI implementation, IDA is projected to cancel an estimated total
amount of US$33.1 billion (equivalent to SDR23.5 billion) of credit reflows from eligible HIPC
countries. Under the MDRI replenishment arrangements, Partners have committed to compensate
IDA’s MDRI costs on a ‘dollar-for-dollar’ basis over the duration of the cancelled credits. Deputies
reiterated the need for full replacement of the lost credit reflows due to the MDRI to ensure that
the debt relief granted by IDA will be additional for recipient countries, providing further resources
for their development efforts.
196. MDRI replenishment. Partner contributions for IDA’s MDRI costs are recorded under a
separate replenishment and added to IDA’s general resources following established IDA
procedures. Deputies reaffirmed the need for full replacement of lost credit reflows due to debt
relief and their commitment “to fully finance the costs to IDA of providing MDRI debt relief over
the 40-year time span of the MDRI”.165 Deputies acknowledged the need to provide unqualified
and firm MDRI financing commitments over the disbursement period of each future IDA
replenishment. Deputies meanwhile also recognized that the ability to provide binding financial
commitments for the entire duration of MDRI varies from partner to partner and committed
themselves to make every effort possible to translate their full political commitment into as firm
and far-reaching financial pledges as allowed for by their legislative processes.
197. To back IDA19 commitment authority, Deputies reaffirmed the need to provide
additional Partner contributions for the MDRI replenishment of US$3.9 billion (equivalent

164

165

Partners can also make HIPC contributions directly to the Debt Relief Trust Fund. In such case, Partners would sign
contribution agreements with IDA, as administrator of the Debt Relief Trust Fund, specifying the contribution amount and
payment modalities – in cash or in notes to be drawn down over a three-year period. Partners will deposit their contributions
in the WB component of the Debt Relief Trust Fund, and contributions will be transferred to IDA to reimburse IDA for its
forgone credit reflows. Since these funds become part of IDA’s general resources at the time of transfer from the Debt Relief
Trust Fund to IDA’s cash accounts, Partners will receive additional voting rights in IDA following such transfers. Management
will report periodically to Partners on the status of their contributions to the Debt Relief Trust Fund.
IDA, Additions to IDA Resources: Financing the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative, approved by IDA’s Executive Directors
on March 28, 2006. Paragraph 5.

- 81 -

to SDR 2.8 billion), to cover IDA’s debt relief costs due to the MDRI during the IDA19
disbursement period (ending in FY31) as agreed under the MDRI.
198. Deputies noted that the value of IDA’s lost credit reflows under the MDRI will
continue to fluctuate over the 40-year period. The MDRI financing arrangements include a
mechanism to adjust the compensatory amounts payable by Partners in conjunction with every
regular IDA replenishment. Deputies reviewed the updated cost estimates for the MDRI under the
IDA19 replenishment which provide the basis for updates to the MDRI cost tables and partner
payment schedule. Revised tables to the MDRI Resolution, reflecting the updated cost estimates,
have been provided to IDA members. Corresponding adjustments to reflect these updated amounts
are also required in the payment schedule attached to each member’s Instrument of Commitment
for its MDRI subscriptions and contributions. Deputies noted that each IDA member has agreed
to amend its Instrument of Commitment to reflect any such adjustment.
199. Monitoring Partner contributions. Deputies reaffirmed the need for continued monitoring
of Partner contributions to the MDRI. For transparency, Partner contributions to the MDRI will
continue to be recorded separately from regular IDA replenishment contributions as additional to
Partners’ regular financial support to IDA. They noted that Partner contributions to the MDRI have
been reported annually to IDA’s Executive Directors and will continue to be reported in IDA19.
Such reporting will contain information on the volume of debt relief delivered by IDA under the
MDRI and the amount of compensatory partner resources received.
C. FINANCING OF ARREARS CLEARANCE OPERATIONS
200. Burden shares. Since IDA15, partners have adopted a systematic approach to arrears
clearance.166 The cost of providing exceptional support for arrears clearance to countries that are
eligible under the established criteria and which could be expected to clear arrears before the end
of the IDA19 period is estimated to be US$1.0 billion (equivalent to SDR 0.7 billion). Partners
agreed that this would be funded by the unused funding that partners provided for arrears clearance
in IDA18 of US$0.8 billion (equivalent to SDR 0.6 billion), and the remaining US$0.2 billion
(equivalent to SDR 0.1 billion) would be included as part of IDA’s overall financing commitments
during IDA19 based on fair burden shares. In general, therefore, partners supported the use of their
HIPC burden shares to finance arrears clearance operations in IDA19.
201. Resources for arrears clearance. Deputies agreed that the resources provided to finance
arrears clearance operations would be allocated only when such arrears clearance actually takes
place. They also agreed that if the resources requested for IDA19 are insufficient to cover the full
cost of the arrears clearance support, the shortfall would be made up in IDA20 in the same manner
that HIPC costs are updated at each replenishment based on the use and availability of resources.

166

IDA, Additions to IDA Resources: Fifteenth Replenishment – IDA: The Platform for Achieving Results at the Country Level
(2008). See section IV.C, page 31, available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/IDA/Resources/Seminar%20PDFs/734491172525976405/FinalreportMarch2008.pdf. Also see The Demand for IDA19 Resources and the Strategy for their Effective
Use (May 2019) for a full discussion of the arrears clearance needs of countries eligible for the exceptional arrears clearance
approach.

- 82 -

202. IBRD debt. In respect of IDA countries with debt to the IBRD, Participants agreed that
IDA provide debt relief grants or credits, where necessary, for the WB to deliver its share of debt
relief under the HIPC Initiative. Such debt relief grants from IDA (for interim HIPC relief on IBRD
debt service payments) and prepayment by IDA of remaining IBRD claims at the HIPC completion
point are part of the implementation modalities for IDA’s delivery of debt relief under the HIPC
process. 167 These debt relief grants and prepayments are to be funded by resources other than
IBRD’s net income transfers.

SECTION VIII: RECOMMENDATION
203. Deputies propose that the Executive Directors recommend to the Board of Governors the
adoption of the draft IDA19 Resolution attached in Annex 13.

167

IDA, Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative: Note on Modalities for Implementing HIPC Debt Relief under the
Enhanced Framework IDA/R 2000-4, approved by the Executive Directors on January 25, 2000.

- 83 -

ANNEX 1: RESULTS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR IDA19
Tier 1 – IDA Countries’ Progress
1.
Tier 1 indicators report on the long-term development outcomes achieved by IDA
countries, and on the broader context in which IDA operates. Progress against Tier 1 indicators
is not directly attributed to IDA’s interventions, but to the outcome of a collective effort by IDA
countries and their development partners. They report data based on the list of eligible IDA
borrowers at the beginning of the reporting fiscal year.
2.
Participants endorsed changes to Tier 1 indicators to align with the SDGs, the WB
Corporate Scorecard (CSC) and global and corporate priorities. Tier 1 includes 33 indicators
covering key development areas and grouped into five categories – World Bank Group Goals,
Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, Human Capital, Resilience and Sustainability and Institutional
Capacity –reflecting key principles established in the Forward Look and harmonizing with the WB
CSC. Of the 33 indicators, 29 are retained from the IDA18 Results Measurement System (RMS)
and four new ones have been introduced.
3.
Tier 1 categories and the changes endorsed by the Participants in each of these are as
follows:
a. WBG goals. The three IDA18 RMS indicators tracking progress against the WBG’s
corporate goals of eradicating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in a
sustainable manner will be retained in the IDA19 RMS. Data for all indicators are reported
each fiscal year for all. IDA eligible countries, including Blend countries, and will be
disaggregated for Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS).
b. Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. This category includes eight indicators tracking
macroeconomic measures, employment, access to electricity and to financial services, and
gender parity. All indicators are in the IDA18 RMS, will be retained without modifications,
and will be disaggregated for FCS. Two indicators will be disaggregated by sex.
c. Human Capital. This category includes twelve indicators tracking priority areas for
human capital development, such as health, education, access to safe water and improved
sanitation. Two indicators reflect the HCI, namely, under-five mortality rate and stunting
among children under five years of age, and are currently reported in the IDA18 RMS. One
new indicator is being introduced to track the population of children who cannot read by
end-of-primary-school age. All indicators will be disaggregated by FCS; two of them will
be disaggregated by sex.
d. Resilience and Sustainability. This category includes six indicators tracking climate
change and environment, one of which is being introduced in the IDA19 RMS (marine
protected areas) to align with SDG14 (Life Below Water). There are also two indicators
retained from the IDA18 RMS to reflect the pressing challenges presented by the growing
number of refugees and internally displaced persons around the world. All six indicators
will be disaggregated by FCS.

- 84 -

e. Institutional Capacity. This category includes four indicators tracking IDA countries’
institutional capacity to create and use data, mobilize domestic resources, and manage
public expenditures and debt sustainability. Two indicators, one tracking the level of
statistical capacity of IDA countries and another reporting on the improved Public
Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) score in dimensions across the pillars of
budget reliability, transparency of public finances and control in budget execution in IDA
countries have been retained from the IDA18 RMS. A new indicator being introduced will
report the unweighted average increase in tax-to-GDP ratio in those IDA countries with tax
revenues below 15% of their GDP for three consecutive years. Finally, another indicator is
also being introduced to track the number of IDA countries with low or moderate risk from
unsustainable debt. All indicators will be disaggregated for FCS.
Tier 2 – IDA-supported Results
4.
Tier 2 of the IDA19 RMS tracks development results in countries supported by IDA
operations across different sectors. Tier 2 indicators use the Corporate Results Indicators (CRIs)
to report on development outputs and outcomes in IDA countries supported by IDA-financed
operations. They are grouped into the categories of Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, Human
Capital, Resilience and Sustainability, and Institutional Capacity, covering IDA operations in the
areas of health, education, agriculture, infrastructure, jobs and private sector development, social
safety nets, governance, and institutional capacity development.
5.
Tier 2 comprises twenty indicators. Out of these, 15 have been retained from the IDA18
RMS and five new ones have been introduced to track transportation services, access to internet,
learning assessments at primary and secondary level, debt reporting, and the use of technology to
enable access to public services. Tier 2 categories and the changes endorsed by the Participants in
each of these are as follows:
a. Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. This category includes eight indicators tracking
beneficiaries of agricultural technology, financial services, jobs-focused interventions,
access to internet services, as well as energy and transportation outputs. Six indicators will
be retained from the IDA18 RMS and two new ones have been introduced. First, in the
transport sector, a new indicator will track the number of people with enhanced access to
transportation services reflecting the shift of the transport portfolio in IDA countries from
road construction to focusing more on road maintenance, safety, gender integration, and
climate resilience, and diversifying into other sub-sectors, such as urban transport,
railways, inland waterways, and logistics. A second indicator is also included to track the
number of beneficiaries with access to internet services, to reflect IDA’s support to
information services and technology in client countries. All but one indicator will be
disaggregated for FCS; and three of them will be disaggregated by sex.
b. Human Capital. This category includes six IDA-supported results in health, social safety
nets, access to water sources and sanitation services, and improved urban conditions, all of
which will continue to be tracked through existing CRIs. A new indicator tracking the
number of large-scale assessments completed at primary and secondary level is also being
introduced. The indicator will help shed light on a central aspect of the learning crisis in
many developing countries, namely, that schooling is not translating into learning.

- 85 -

Developing countries that undertake a nationally-representative learning assessment will
at least be able to begin to understand and address where learning gaps exist. This indicator
replaces the former number of teachers trained or recruited in IDA18 RMS. All six
indicators will be disaggregated for FCS; and three of them will be disaggregated by sex.
c. Resilience and Sustainability. This category will retain three indicators currently reported
in the IDA18 RMS – on energy efficiency, disaster risk reduction, and greenhouse gas
emissions. The indicator tracking projected energy or fuel savings, will continue reporting
energy savings and lifetime fuel savings, achieved through energy efficiency measures
directly attributed to IDA operations; net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, will measure
the impact of the World Bank’s lending portfolio on GHG emissions that is applied to
projects; and finally, countries supported by IDA in institutionalizing disaster risk
reduction as a national priority, will report on direct support from IDA toward national
policy and legal frameworks, dedicated and adequate resources, community participation,
and national multi-sectoral platforms for disaster risk reduction. All indicators will be
disaggregated for FCS.
d. Institutional Capacity. This final category includes three indicators measuring initiatives
aimed at strengthening governance and institutional development. A retained indicator
from the IDA18 RMS will continue reporting on the number of IDA countries provided
statistical capacity-building support by the WBG for the implementation of household
surveys tracking WBG efforts to develop IDA country capacity to collect, report and use
high-quality data through technical assistance provided to national statistical agencies in
IDA countries (e.g., sampling, survey logistics, estimation of poverty-lines). Two new
indicators are introduced; one will report on the number of IDA countries publishing annual
and timely public debt reports; the other will report on progress under the policy
commitment on the number of IDA FCS countries supported in building client capacity to
use field-appropriate digital tools for collection and analysis of geo-tagged data and
applying this technology to enhance project implementation and coordination. All
indicators will be disaggregated for FCS.
Tier 3 – IDA Organizational and Operational Effectiveness
6.
Tier 3 of the IDA19 RMS includes measures of IDA’s operational and organizational
effectiveness. Participants endorsed the five categories under which Tier 3 indicators are grouped:
development outcomes ratings, performance and quality, operational efficiency and
responsiveness, financial sustainability and budget efficiency, and implementation of IDA Special
Themes and Cross-cutting issues. Tier 3 includes 26 indicators, 21 of which have been retained
from the IDA18 RMS and five new ones have been introduced. Description of the above categories
and the changes endorsed by the Participants in each of these are as follows:
a. Development Outcome Ratings. This first category includes two indicators on IEG’s
quality ratings for the outcomes of IDA operations and IDA Country Partnership
Frameworks (CPFs) and two on client feedback regarding WBG effectiveness and
knowledge products. All indicators are retained from the IDA18 RMS. The first
indicator will continue reporting on the percentage of IDA CPFs that IEG deems to have
achieved a moderately-satisfactory, satisfactory, or highly-satisfactory outcome, with
reported data based on the moving average of IEG ratings for CPFs exited during the

- 86 -

last four fiscal years. The second indicator will report the percentage of IDA operations
that IEG deems to have achieved a moderately-satisfactory, satisfactory, or highlysatisfactory outcome, by number of operations and volume of commitments, with
reported data summing IEG ratings for operations which closed in the three previous
fiscal years, provided that IEG has evaluated at least 60 percent of the projects in the
fiscal year in question. Two indicators will continue to provide feedback from IDA
clients on the extent to which the WBG’s work helps to achieve development results incountry and with respect to the significance of the WBG’s knowledge work. All
indicators will be disaggregated for FCS.
b. Performance and Quality. This category includes measures on the performance of the
IDA portfolio, including from IEG reviews and from client surveys. The first indicator
will report IEG ratings of World Bank performance overall, at entry, and during
supervision, as determined in IEG’s assessment of the World Bank’s Implementation
Completion Reviews of all closed projects. A second indicator, quality of M&E in IDA
operations, will report the share of the net-commitment amount of closed IDA projects
reviewed by IEG that are rated substantial or high for quality of M&E, against the total
net-commitment amount of closed IDA projects reviewed by IEG on a three-year rolling
basis (the rating is based on IEG ratings for investment projects that closed at least
twelve months before the reporting period). A new indicator being introduced will
provide a view on ASA objectives accomplished, reporting client ratings on whether
such activities achieved their intended development outcomes. Finally, a fourth
indicator will monitor the percentage of IDA investment projects with a beneficiary
feedback indicator at design. All indicators will be disaggregated for FCS.
c. Operational Efficiency and Responsiveness. Four indicators, all retained from the
IDA18 RMS, will continue to be used to track IDA’s operational efficiency and
responsiveness. These include IDA’s disbursement ratio, calculated as the ratio of
disbursements during a specific fiscal year to the undisbursed balance at the beginning
of that fiscal year for all IDA investment project financing (IPFs); proactivity index, a
key measure introduced with the IDA18 RMS for tracking actions taken to improve the
performance of problem projects; and two indicators reporting on client feedback on
WBG responsiveness and staff accessibility and WBG collaboration with other donors.
All indicators will be disaggregated for FCS.
d. Financial Sustainability and Budget Efficiency. The IDA19 RMS will retain three
indicators introduced in the IDA18 RMS to track IDA’s financial sustainability and
budget efficiency, which are consistent with the WBG’s budget and performance review
process (also known as the “W” process). These include the IDA budget anchor
(calculated as the ratio of IDA expenses over IDA net revenue); the World Bank budget
to Portfolio Volume Ratio (reflecting the total administrative budget spent for every
US$1 billion of portfolio under supervision); and the average cost of IDA project
supervision (calculated based on costs posted directly to operational projects in the IDA
portfolio, divided by the monthly average number of projects in the IDA portfolio).
e. IDA Special Themes and Cross-cutting Issues. This final category of indicators in
Tier 3 will monitor the implementation of specific priorities under the IDA special
themes and the disability dimension; of these, seven were included in the IDA18 RMS
and have been retained for the IDA19 RMS. Four new indicators are being introduced;

- 87 -

the first one under the Climate Change special theme will report the percentage share of
adaptation co-benefits over total climate co-benefits in IDA-supported operations to
reflect IDA19’s enhanced focus on adaptation, in alignment with the policy commitment
proposed under this special theme. The second one, under the Governance and
Institutions special theme will track support in IDA countries with the lowest HCI
ratings to improve sustainability of human capital financing through improving the
efficiency of public expenditures and more effectively aligning expenditures with
domestic financing and external resources in a sustainable manner. The indicator will
track progress of the policy commitment under Pillar B (Maximizing Impact of Public
Service Delivery) of the Government and Institutions special theme. The third indicator
will report on number of countries supported by IDA to take IFF-related actions,
consistent with the policy commitment under the Governance and Institutions Special
Theme. The fourth and final indicator will track the share of IDA IPF operations that
have applied the concept of universal access at design. All indicators except one will be
disaggregated for FCS.
Table A1.1. Policy Commitments for IDA19 (page 88)
Specific reports for the IDA19 Mid-term Review (page 96)
Table A1.2.a. Tier 1: IDA Countries’ Progress (page 97)
Table A1.2.b. Tier 2: IDA-Supported Results (page 100)
Table A1.2.c. Tier 3: IDA Operational and Organizational Effectiveness (page 102)
Table A1.2.d. Annotated Indicators by Tier (page 105)

- 88 -

Table A1.1. Policy Commitments for IDA19
OBJECTIVES

COMMITMENT

RESULTS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (RMS) INDICATORS

JOBS AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
Creating and
Connecting to Markets

1. WBG will undertake interventions in 10-15 countries to
help them address bottlenecks in sectors with high potential
for private-sector led job creation and economic
transformation, which will be country specific and could
include sectors such as agribusiness, manufacturing and
others. Proposed WBG actions will be grounded in
diagnostics, such as the Country Private Sector Diagnostics
(CPSD) findings and jobs diagnostics, and selected in
agreement with country authorities.
2. At least 66 percent of agriculture and agribusiness projects
in IDA countries include support for participation in value
chains with high potential for growth and jobs creation,
through connecting producers to markets, technical
assistance for meeting international standards and
regulations, adoption of modern technology, supporting
logistics and reducing trade costs.
3. IDA will support at least 15 IDA countries to develop their
primary and secondary cities through an integrated package
of support to deliver sustainable, inclusive and productive
cities with a focus on JET, including through climate-smart
development, strengthening urban land management, and
development of enabling infrastructure for job creation.
4. IDA will support in 10 IDA countries the development and
modernization of regional infrastructure (e.g., power,
transportation) and cross-border policy reforms with high
potential for export promotion, increased productivity and
labor mobility.
5. To help close the digital infrastructure gap, IDA will
support 25 IDA countries to double their broadband
penetration (16 on the African continent), including eight
in landlocked countries, by 2023.

Tier 1
•
•
•
•

•

Tier 2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

GDP per person employed (constant 2011 PPP $)
Non-agriculture sectors, value added (as % of GDP)
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%)
Youth employment to population ratio (age 15-24) (%)
o Youth employment to population ratio (age 1524), women (%)
o Youth employment to population ratio (age 1524), men (%)
Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account
at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile
money service provided (%)

Farmers adopting improved agricultural technology
(million)
Area provided with new/improved irrigation or drainage
services (Ha)
People provided with new or improved electricity service
(million)
Generation capacity of renewable energy (GW)
Beneficiaries reached with financial services supported
by WB operations (million)
People
Businesses
Beneficiaries in IDA countries of job-focused
interventions (million)
Number of people with enhanced access to transportation
services (million)

- 89 OBJECTIVES

COMMITMENT
6. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) will aim to
increase the share of its commitments in FCS-IDA17 &
LIC-IDA17 countries,168 reaching 10-15 percent of its
own-account commitments on average during the IDA19
cycle. Such commitment is conditional on the approval of
the IFC’s resolutions for the capital increase and on having
a significant portion of the new shares offered to
shareholders being subscribed to.

Building capabilities
and connecting
workers to jobs

7. 50 percent of entrepreneurship and Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises (MSME) projects will incorporate
digital financial services and/or digital entrepreneurship
elements – and ensure they address particular constraints
facing women and people with disabilities.
8. IDA will support at least 15 IDA countries, including at
least 12 of those among the 30 with the lowest Human
Capital Index (HCI), with programs or policies to improve
skills and employability toward more and higher-quality
jobs, considering the differential constraints facing young
women and men, and people with disabilities.
9. IDA will embed a JET focus in all IDA country programs
and the design of operations as appropriate, informed by
diagnostics such as Systematic Country Diagnostics
(SCDs) and CPSDs, and reflected in all new IDA Country
Partnership Frameworks (CPFs) and Performance and
Learning Reviews (PLRs), including enhanced use of JET
results indicators. Where relevant, IDA country programs
and design of operations will be informed by migration
diagnostics.
10. Under country government leadership, IDA will actively
participate in country platforms to collaborate and
coordinate with partners and stakeholders (including
MDBs, development finance institutions (DFIs), bilaterals,
and the private sector, etc.) in at least 10 IDA countries

168

RESULTS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (RMS) INDICATORS
•
•

Tier 3
•

•

Number of people provided with enhanced access to
broadband internet (million)
People provided with improved urban living conditions
(million)

Share of IDA19 CPFs which reflect at least one of the
following four key principles underpinning economic
transformation:
o Sectoral productivity
o Value chain expansion
o Increased productive capital stock or investment
in energy, transport, manufacturing or services
o Export sector output/value added; trade
facilitation
Total private mobilization of WBG-supported
operations/transactions in IDA countries.
o Direct mobilization (US$ billion)
o Indirect mobilization (US$ billion)

LIC-IDA17: Countries that are classified as low-income countries (LIC) as of July 1, 2016 (GNI per capita <=$1,025 in 2015). FCS-IDA17: The subset of IDA17-eligible
countries that are also on the latest (FY19) FCS list. See Annex 4 of IFC Strategy and Business Outlook Update (FY20-FY22) for more details.

- 90 OBJECTIVES

COMMITMENT

RESULTS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (RMS) INDICATORS

toward developing a coherent vision, and a set of actions
for JET, and mobilization of private finance.
11. All SCDs of IDA countries at moderate or high risk of debt
distress will address the country’s approach for sustainably
financing its development.
12. IDA will conduct 20 pilots in ‘economic transformation
IDA projects’ to estimate indirect and/or induced jobs. The
IFC will track direct jobs and estimates of indirect jobs
associated with all IFC PSW investments. Where feasible,
jobs reporting will be disaggregated by the poorest
quintile, gender, FCS, disability and youth.
13. IDA will work with regional institutions on capacity
building and skills in addition to establishing strategic
partnerships with at least three Regional Economic
Communities (RECs) to promote regional markets and
develop regional value chains.

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
Improving Human
Endowments

Removing Constraints
for More and Better
Jobs

1. IDA19 financing operations will support women’s
empowerment, including through increased access to
quality reproductive, adolescent, and primary health care
in at least 15 of the 30 countries with the lowest HCI.
2. At least 60 percent of IDA19 financing operations for
digital skills development will support women’s access to
higher productivity jobs, including online work.
3. At least 30 percent of IDA19 infrastructure operations
(transport, energy, and water) will include actions to create
employment opportunities for women in medium and high
skilled jobs in these sectors.

Removing Barriers to
Women’s Ownership
of and Control over
Assets

Tier 1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

4. All IDA19 financing operations for Digital Development
will support women’s increased access to and usage of
digital services.
5. At least 50 percent of IDA19 operations with land

•

Legal changes that support gender equality over the past
two years (number of legal changes)
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%)
Youth employment to population ratio (age 15-24),
women (%)
Maternal mortality ratio (number of maternal deaths per
100,000 live births)
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
(%)
Contraceptive prevalence by modern methods (% of
married women ages 15-49)
Adolescent fertility rate (number of births per 1,000
women ages 15-19)
Lower secondary gross completion rate (%)
- Ratio of girls’ to boys’ completion rate

- 91 OBJECTIVES

COMMITMENT

RESULTS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (RMS) INDICATORS

activities in (i) land administration, (ii) post-disaster
reconstruction and resilient recovery, and (iii) urban
development will include specific actions to strengthen
women’s land rights.
Voice and Agency:
Gender-Based
Violence:

•

Tier 2
•

6. Support at least five IDA countries to invest in GBV
prevention and response, delivering safe, quality, inclusive
health care and other services through health systems, and
five countries to implement GBV prevention and response
protocols as part of safe and inclusive schools.
Tier 3
•

•

Lower secondary enrollment rate (%)
- Ratio of girls’ to boys’ enrollment rate

People who have received essential health, nutrition and
population services
- Women and children who have received basic
nutrition services
- Number of deliveries attended by skilled health
personnel

Percentage of IDA-supported projects that demonstrate a
results chain by linking gender gaps identified in analysis
to specific actions that are tracked in the results
framework (%)
Number of IDA-supported operations that address and
respond to GBV

Note: Indicators in all three tiers will be disaggregated by sex
when feasible and applicable.

CLIMATE CHANGE
Increase Climaterelated Financing and
Further Deepen
Climate
Mainstreaming

1. IDA’s climate co-benefits share of total commitments will
increase to at least 30 percent on average over FY21-23,
and at least half of these co-benefits support adaptation
actions.

Boost Support on
Adaptation and
Resilience

3. Develop new resilience metrics designed to give increased
incentives for more effective climate adaptation actions,
including through enhanced disaster resilience of
infrastructure developments, and pilot them in 20 IDA

2. All IDA operations with more than 20 percent of climate
co-benefits will incorporate at least one climate-related
results indicator to increase the focus on climate outcomes.

Tier 1
•
•
•
•

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)
Average annual deforestation change (%)
Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters)
Countries without wealth depletion (%)

Tier 2
•
•

Generation capacity of renewable energy (GW)
Projected energy or fuel savings (MJ)

- 92 OBJECTIVES

COMMITMENT
operations.
4. Support at least 25 IDA countries to reduce the risks of
climate shocks on poverty and human capital outcomes by
supporting programs that incorporate Adaptive Social
Protection (ASP) into national systems or reduce climate
threats to health.

RESULTS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (RMS) INDICATORS
•
•

Tier 3
•

Drive Systemic Impact
at the Country Level

5. Support at least 15 IDA countries to systematically
implement and update national climate-related action plans
including Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), in
cooperation with the NDC Partnership; for all IDA
countries where appropriate, set climate-related or NDCbased objectives and/or results indicators in the CPFs.

Net GHG emissions (tCO2eq/year)
Countries supported toward institutionalizing disaster
risk reduction as a national priority with IDA support

•
•

Share of climate co-benefits over total commitments in
IDA-supported operations (%)
Share of adaptation co-benefits over total climate cobenefits ion IDA-supported operations (%)
IDA financing commitments with disaster risk
management co-benefits (US$ million)

6. Support at least 15 IDA countries to implement and/or
update their National Biodiversity Strategies and Action
Plans (NBSAPs) covering terrestrial and marine
biodiversity or similar national action plans through new
IDA-supported activities during IDA19.
Facilitate Economic
Transformation
through Low-Carbon
and Resilient
Transition

7. Facilitate further penetration of renewable energy in IDA
countries in the context of energy access, affordability and
security, by mobilizing concessional climate finance and
public and private investments for five gigawatt hours
(GWh) of battery storage, and providing direct, indirect,
and enabling policy support for generation, integration,
and for enabling infrastructure for at least ten gigawatts
(GW) of renewable energy in IDA countries. This support
would cover all kinds of on-grid, off-grid and distributed
renewable energy.

FRAGILITY, CONFLICT AND VIOLENCE (FCV)
1. All CPFs, Country Engagement Notes (CENs) and PLRs
in IDA FCS will outline how the WBG program, in
collaboration with relevant partners, addresses FCV
drivers and sources of resilience, based on diagnostics such
as Risk and Resilience Assessments (RRAs) or other FCV

Tier 1
•

Number of refugees by country or territory of asylum
(million)

- 93 OBJECTIVES

COMMITMENT
assessments. Each RRA/fragility assessment will analyze
FCV drivers and sources of resilience and contain
operationally relevant recommendations.

RESULTS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (RMS) INDICATORS
•

Internally displaced persons, total displaced by conflict
and violence (million - high estimate)

Tier 2
2. Develop and implement at least three regional programs
(including in the Sahel, Lake Chad region, and the Horn of
Africa), which are informed by regional RRAs and focus
on mitigating key fragility and security risks to promote
engagement at the security-development nexus.
3. At least 20 IDA FCS country portfolios will support
improvements in social sector service delivery (i.e., health,
education and social protection), with a focus on
addressing the differential constraints faced by men and
women, boys and girls, and by people with disabilities.
4. By the IDA19 Mid-Term Review, conduct a systematic
review of refugee policy and institutional environments in
countries eligible for the Window for Host Communities
and Refugees since their initial eligibility, to inform further
support for the creation of socio-economic development
opportunities for refugee and host communities in these
countries.
5. Support building client capacity in 50 percent of IDA FCS
countries to use field-appropriate digital tools for
collection and analysis of geo-tagged data; and apply this
technology to enhance project implementation and
coordination.
6. Operationalize the FCV Envelope to provide enhanced and
tailored support to IDA FCS. Also, IDA will deploy at
least 150 more GE+ staff, including extended term
consultants, to IDA FCS locations and nearby locations to
serve IDA FCS.

•

Number of IDA FCS supported in building client
capacity to use field-appropriate digital tools for
collection and analysis of geo-tagged data; and apply this
technology to enhance project implementation and
coordination.

Tier 3
•

Facetime index in FCS

Note: Indicators in all three tiers will be disaggregated for FCS
when feasible and applicable.

- 94 -

GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS
Promote debt
transparency and debt
management

1. Support at least 25 IDA countries to implement an
integrated and programmatic approach to enhance debt
transparency through increased coverage of public debt in
Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSAs) and/or supporting
debt transparency reforms, including requirements for debt
reporting to increase transparency.169
2. Support at least 25 IDA countries to bolster fiscal risk
assessments and debt management capacity through a
scale-up of fiscal risks monitoring and/or implementation
of debt management strategies. 170

Strengthen domestic
resource mobilization

Strengthen
infrastructure
governance

Support investments in
people that promote
efficiency, growth,
and equity

169

3. Support the implementation of country programs which
support the efforts of those IDA countries with tax
revenues persistently below 15 percent of GDP to achieve
an unweighted average increase in tax-to-GDP ratios of
one percentage point over the three-year IDA cycle, as part
of collective efforts with partners.
4. Support at least 20 countries to identify the governance
constraints to the development, financing, and delivery of
quality infrastructure investments, with particular attention
to project preparation, procurement, environmental and
social considerations, and integrity, to inform the adoption
of policies and/or regulations for enhanced infrastructure
governance in a majority of these.171
5. Support at least 15 IDA countries with the lowest HCI to
improve sustainability of human capital financing,
including a focus on reaching universal health coverage
and good learning outcomes for all, through: (i) improving
the efficiency of public expenditures, and (ii) more
effectively aligning expenditures with domestic financing
and external resources in a sustainable manner.

Tier 1
•

No. of IDA countries that have an improved composite
PEFA score in dimensions across the pillars of budget
reliability, transparency of public finances, and control in
budget execution:
(1.1) Aggregate expenditure outturn
(9.1) Public access to fiscal information
(24.2) Competitive procurement methods

•

•
•

Unweighted average increase in tax-to-GDP ratio in
those IDA countries with tax revenues below 15% of
their GDP for three consecutive years
Level of statistical capacity (scale from 0 to 100)
Number of IDA countries with low or moderate risk from
unsustainable debt.

Tier 2
•
•

•

Number of IDA countries publishing annual and timely
public debt reports
Number of IDA countries provided statistical capacity
building support by the WBG for the implementation of
household surveys
Number of IDA FCS supported in building client
capacity to use field-appropriate digital tools for
collection and analysis of geo-tagged data; and apply this
technology to enhance project implementation and
coordination.

Support to this commitment will draw from a suite of instruments, including lending operations, diagnostics and technical assistance.

- 95 -

Enable universal
access to public
services through
GovTech

6. Support at least 12 IDA countries to adopt universally
accessible172 GovTech solutions.173

Tier 3
•

•

Strengthen pandemic
preparedness

7.

Support at least 25 IDA countries to implement pandemic
preparedness plans through interventions (including
strengthening institutional capacity, technical assistance,
lending and investment).

Tackle corruption and
tax evasion to reduce
illicit financial flows

8.

Support at least five countries to conduct comprehensive
Illicit Financial Flows (IFF) assessments and prepare
action plans. Also support at least 20 IDA countries to take
IFF-related policy actions, such as increasing access to and
awareness of beneficial ownership information and/or
adopting automatic exchange of information to reduce tax
evasion.

9.

Support at least 50 percent of IDA countries to implement
e-procurement systems and conduct detailed procurement
data analytics, in order to increase efficiency of public
spending and mitigate corruption risks.

Support multistakeholder
approaches to policy
170
171
172
173

Number of IDA countries with the lowest Human Capital
Index supported to improve the sustainability of human
capital financing (as per Governance PC#5)
Number of countries supported by IDA to take IFFrelated actions (number)

10. Support at least 50 percent of IDA countries to establish
and strengthen platforms for engaging with multiple
stakeholders, including women as well as vulnerable

The actions under Policy Commitments 1 and 2 will focus mainly on moderate and high-risk countries, consistent with the focus of the SDFP. These actions could also help
prevent deterioration in the risk of debt distress, including sharp (or rapid) deteriorations from low to high risk as observed in some cases.
Focus to be on countries identified with CPIA rating at 3 or less for Indicator 16 on Transparency, Accountability and Corruption. There are currently 55 IDA countries in this
pool.
‘Universally accessible’ means that GovTech services are designed so that they can be accessed, understood and used by all people, regardless of disability, age, use of assistive
devices, location or means of Internet access. It applies to hardware and software.
GovTech solutions include hardware, software, applications and other technology to improve access and quality of public services; facilitate citizen engagement (CivicTech);
and improve core government operations. These include enabling analog complements to strengthen institutions for GovTech implementation, including devising related
strategies, building capacity, passing related laws on e-government, data access and use; and developing regulatory frameworks to facilitate interoperability.

- 96 making and
implementation

groups, in policy making and implementation to enhance
public participation, accountability and responsiveness.

Enhance the core
functions of
government in IDA
FCS

11. Support at least 95 percent of IDA FCSs (with active
portfolios) to establish and/or strengthen core government
functions to address FCV drivers.174

Improve data for more
evidenced-based
policy making

12. Support 30 IDA countries, including those with ongoing
statistical operations,175 to support institutions and build
capacity to reduce gaps in the availability of core data for
evidence-based policy making, including disaggregation
by sex and disability.176

SPECIFIC REPORTS/REVIEWS FOR THE IDA19 MID-TERM REVIEW
•
•
•
•
•

174
175
176

Update on the operationalization of the FCV Envelope and any emerging lessons, both in terms of allocations and efforts made by countries to
design and/or recalibrate their portfolios.
Systematic review of refugee policy and institutional environments eligible for the WHCR.
Early experience on the Sustainable Development Finance Policy, and any emerging lessons.
Develop and discuss proposal on local currency solution products.
Review of the structural gap used in IDA burden share calculation.

Core government functions refers to: (i) public revenue and expenditure management; (ii) decentralization and service delivery; (iii) government employment and public
administration; and (iv) the rule of law.
This commitment would target 25 percent out of 51 IDA countries without ongoing statistical operations.
Data disaggregation by sex and disability in the Data for Policy (D4P) package will be performed where it is appropriate, which corresponds to contexts where household survey
data is amenable to disaggregation, specifically for data collected at the individual level. The D4P package will also continue promoting the production of sex and disability
disaggregated statistics in countries where this is already available.

- 97 -

Table A1.2.a
TIER 1: IDA COUNTRIES’ PROGRESS
No.

Indicator

Included
in IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

FCS

SDG177
Sex

Special
Theme

World Bank Group Goals
1

Population living on less than US$1.90 a day (%)

✓

✓

1.1.1

2

Median growth rate of consumption/income per capita of the bottom 40 percent (%)

✓

✓

10.1

Countries with growth concentrated in the bottom 40 percent (%)

✓

✓

10.1

3

Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
4

GDP per person employed (constant 2011 PPP $)

✓

✓

JET

5

Non-agriculture sectors, value added (as % of GDP)

✓

✓

JET

6

Legal changes that support gender equality over the past two years (number of legal
changes)

✓

✓

5.1

GD

7

Proportion of population with access to electricity (% of population)

✓

✓

7.1.1

JET

8

Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita (%)

✓

✓

8.1.1

9

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%)

✓

✓

8.5

Youth employment to population ratio (age 15-24) (%)

✓

✓

✓

8.5

-

✓

✓

✓

8.5

10

177

Youth employment to population ratio (age 15-24), women (%)

JET,
GD
JET,
GD
JET

Indicator alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is denoted depending on whether alignment is at broad goal level (e.g., SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean
Energy); at the target level (e.g., 7.1 - By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services); or at the indicator level (e.g., 7.1.1 Proportion of
population with access to electricity).

- 98 -

No.

Indicator
-

11

Youth employment to population ratio (age 15-24), men (%)

Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial
institution or with a mobile money service provided (%)

Included
in IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

SDG177

Special
Theme

FCS

Sex

✓

✓

✓

8.5

JET

✓

✓

✓

8.10.2

JET

Human Capital
12

Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age (%)

✓

✓

2.2.1

13

Maternal mortality ratio (number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births)

✓

✓

3.1.1

GD

14

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

✓

✓

3.1.2

GD

15

Under-5 mortality rate (number of under-five deaths per 1,000 live births)

✓

✓

3.2.1

16

Incidence of HIV (% of uninfected population ages 15-49)

✓

✓

3.3.1

17

Contraceptive prevalence by modern methods (% of married women ages 15-49)

✓

✓

3.7.1

GD

18

Adolescent fertility rate (number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)

✓

✓

3.7.2

GD

19

Population of children who cannot read by end-of-primary-school age (%)

✓

4.1

✓

Lower secondary gross completion rate (%)

✓

✓

✓

4.1

- Ratio of girls’ to boys’ completion rate

✓

✓

✓

4.1

Lower secondary enrollment rate (%)

✓

✓

- Ratio of girls’ to boys’ enrollment rate

✓

✓

People using basic drinking water services (% of population)

✓

✓

20
GD

4.1

21

22

✓

4.1
6.1

GD

- 99 -

No.
23

Indicator
People using basic sanitation services (% of population)

Included
in IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

FCS

SDG177
Sex

✓

✓

6.2

Special
Theme

Resilience and Sustainability
24

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)

✓

✓

9.4.1

CC

25

Countries without wealth depletion (%)

✓

✓

12

CC

26

Average annual deforestation change (%)

✓

✓

15.2

CC

27

Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters)

✓

14.5

CC

28

Number of refugees by country or territory of asylum (million)

✓

✓

29

Internally displaced persons, total displaced by conflict and violence (million - high
estimate)

✓

✓

16

FCV

✓

✓

16.6

GI

✓

17.1

GI

✓

17.19

GI

✓

17.4

GI

✓

FCV

Institutional Capacity
No. of IDA countries that have an improved composite PEFA score in dimensions across
the pillars of budget reliability, transparency of public finances, and control in budget
execution:
30

31

(1.1) Aggregate expenditure outturn
(9.1) Public access to fiscal information
(24.2) Competitive procurement methods
Unweighted average increase in tax-to-GDP ratio in those IDA countries with tax
revenues below 15 percent of their GDP for three consecutive years (%).

32

Level of statistical capacity (scale from 0 to 100)

33

Number of IDA countries with low or moderate risk from unsustainable debt (Number)

✓
✓
✓

- 100 -

Table A1.2.b
TIER 2. IDA-SUPPORTED DEVELOPMENT RESULTS
No.

Indicator

Included
in
IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

FCS

SDG

Special
Theme

2.4

JET

Sex

Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
1

Farmers adopting improved agricultural technology (million)

✓

✓

✓

2

Area provided with new/improved irrigation or drainage services (Ha)

✓

✓

2.4

JET

3

People provided with new or improved electricity service (million)

✓

✓

7.1.1

JET

4

Generation capacity of renewable energy (GW)

✓

7.2

JET,
CC

5

Beneficiaries reached with financial services supported by WB operations (million)
People
Businesses

✓

✓

✓

8.10

JET

6

Beneficiaries in IDA countries of job-focused interventions (million)

✓

✓

✓

8.5

JET

7

Number of people with enhanced access to transportation services (million)

✓

✓

9.1

JET

8

Number of people provided with enhanced access to broadband internet (million)

✓

✓

9.c

JET

Human Capital
9

10

Beneficiaries of social safety net programs (million)

✓

✓

✓

People who have received essential health, nutrition and population services:

✓

✓

✓

a.

Women and children who have received basic nutrition services

✓

✓

✓

2.2

b.

Children immunized

✓

✓

✓

3.8

c.

Number of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel

✓

✓

✓

3.1.2

1.3

GD

GD

- 101 -

No.

Indicator

Included
in
IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

SDG
Sex

✓

4.1

✓

✓

6.1.1

People provided with access to improved sanitation services (million)

✓

✓

6.2.1

People provided with improved urban living conditions (million)

✓

✓

11

Number of large-scale assessments completed at primary or secondary level (number)

12

People provided with access to improved water sources (million)

13
14

✓

FCS

✓

Special
Theme

11.1

JET

Resilience and Sustainability
15

Projected energy or fuel savings (MWh and MJ)

✓

✓

7.3

CC

16

Net GHG emissions (tCO2eq/year)

✓

✓

9.4

CC

17

Countries supported toward institutionalizing disaster risk reduction as a national
priority with IDA support (number)

✓

✓

13.2

CC

✓

17.1

GI

✓

17.19

GI

✓

17.8

FCV,
GI

Institutional Capacity
18
19
20

✓

Number of IDA countries publishing annual and timely public debt reports (number)
Number of IDA countries provided statistical capacity building support by the WBG
for the implementation of household surveys (number)
Number of IDA FCS supported in building client capacity to use field-appropriate
digital tools for collection and analysis of geo-tagged data; and apply this technology to
enhance project implementation and coordination (number)

✓
✓

- 102 -

Table A1.2.c
TIER 3: IDA ORGANIZATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
No.

Indicator

Included
in IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

SDG
FCS

Development Outcome Ratings
Satisfactory outcomes of IDA Country Partnership Frameworks (%, IEG Rating, 4year rolling)

✓

Satisfactory outcomes of IDA operations:

✓

as a share of commitments
(%, IEG ratings, 3-year rolling)

✓

✓

as share of operations
(%, IEG ratings, 3-year rolling)

✓

✓

3

Client feedback in IDA countries on WBG effectiveness and impact on results
(average rating scale: 1-10)

✓

✓

4

Client feedback in IDA countries on WBG knowledge (average rating scale: 1-10)

✓

✓

1

2

✓

Performance and Quality
Satisfactory Bank performance in IDA-financed operations (%, IEG Rating)
-

Overall

✓

✓

-

At entry

✓

✓

-

During supervision

✓

✓

✓

✓

5

6

Quality of M&E in IDA-financed operations (%, IEG ratings, 3-year rolling)

7

Advisory Services and Analytics (ASA) objectives accomplished (client rating, %)

8

Projects with beneficiary feedback at design (%)

✓
✓

✓
✓

Sex

Special
Theme

- 103 -

No.

Indicator

Included
in IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

SDG
FCS

Sex

Special
Theme

Operational Efficiency and Responsiveness
9

Disbursement ratio (%)

✓

✓

10

Proactivity Index (%)

✓

✓

11

Client feedback on WBG on responsiveness and staff accessibility (average rating
scale: 1-10)

✓

✓

12

Client feedback on WBG on collaboration with other donors (average rating scale: 110)

✓

✓

Financial Sustainability and Budget Efficiency
13

IDA Budget Anchor (%)

✓

14

Bank budget to Portfolio Volume Ratio (per US$ billion under supervision) (US$
million)

✓

15

Average cost of IDA supervision projects (implementation support) (US$ thousand)

✓

✓

Implementation of IDA Themes and Cross-cutting Issues
Jobs and Economic Transformation

16

17

Share of IDA19 CPFs which reflect at least one of the following four key principles
underpinning economic transformation:
Sectoral productivity
Value chain expansion
Increased productive capital stock or investment in energy, transport,
manufacturing or services
Export sector output/value added; trade facilitation
Total private mobilization of WBG-supported operations/transactions in IDA
countries.
Direct mobilization (US$ billion)
Indirect mobilization (US$ billion)

✓

✓

JET

✓

17.3

JET

- 104 -

No.

Indicator

Included
in IDA18
RMS

Disaggregation
New

SDG
FCS

Sex

Special
Theme

Gender and Development
18
19

Percentage of IDA-supported projects that demonstrate a results chain by linking
gender gaps identified in analysis to specific actions that are tracked in the results
framework (%)
Number of IDA-supported operations that address and respond to gender-based
violence (GBV) (number)

✓

✓

✓

✓

5.1

GD

✓

✓

13.2

CC

✓

13.2

CC

✓

✓

13.2

CC

✓

✓

GD

Climate Change
20

Share of climate co-benefits over total commitments in IDA-supported operations (%)

21

Share of adaptation co-benefits over total climate co-benefits in IDA-supported
operations (%)

22

IDA financing commitments with disaster risk management co-benefits (US$ billion)

✓

Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV)
23

Facetime index in FCS

FCV

Governance and Institutions
24

Number of IDA countries with the lowest Human Capital Index supported to improve
the sustainability of human capital financing (as per Governance PC#5)

✓

✓

17.1

GI

25

Number of countries supported by IDA to take IFF-related actions (number)

✓

✓

16

GI

✓

✓

10.2

Disability

26

Share of IDA IPF operations that applied the concept of universal access at design (%
of approved IDA IPF in FY).

- 105 -

Table A1.2.d
Annotated Indicators by Tier
Indicator

Unit of Measure

Data Source

Date of
Latest
Results

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)

2015

Not applicable

2015

Not applicable

2015

Not applicable

2018

Not applicable

2018

Not applicable

May 2015June 2017

Not applicable

Tier 1: IDA Countries Progress
WBG goals
1

Population living on less than US$1.90 a day

% of population

2

Median growth rate of consumption/income per capita of
the bottom 40 percent (%)

%

3

Countries with growth concentrated in the bottom 40
percent (%)

%

Staff estimates calculated using
data from PovcalNet
Global database of Shared
Prosperity, calculated from the
Global Poverty Working Group
dataset
Global database of Shared
Prosperity, calculated from the
Global Poverty Working Group
dataset

Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
4

GDP per person employed

5

Non-agriculture sectors, value added (as % of GDP)

6

Legal changes that support gender equality over the past
two years

constant 2011
PPP $
%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database
World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

Number of legal
changes

Women, Business and the Law
dataset

% of population

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

7

Proportion of population with access to electricity

8

Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2018

9

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2018

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

- 106 Indicator

Youth employment to population ratio (age 15-24)
(Women, Men)
10

11

12

Data Source

Date of
Latest
Results

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2018

-

Youth employment to population ratio (age-15),
women

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2018

-

Youth employment to population ratio (age-15), men

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2018

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2016

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2015

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2014

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2015

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2014

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at
a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile money
service provided
Human Capital
Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age

13

Maternal mortality ratio

14

Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

15

Under-5 mortality rate

16

Incidence of HIV

17

Contraceptive prevalence by modern methods

18

Unit of Measure

Adolescent fertility rate

Number of
maternal deaths
per 100,000 live
births
%
Number of underfive deaths per
1,000 live births
% of uninfected
population ages
15-49
% of married
women ages 1549
Number of births
per 1,000 women
ages 15-19

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

- 107 -

19

Indicator

Unit of Measure

Data Source

Population of children who cannot read by end-of-primary
school age

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

Lower secondary gross completion rate

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

20
-

Ratio of girls’ to boys’ completion rate

Lower secondary enrollment rate

%

21
-

Ratio of girls’ to boys’ enrollment rate

Date of
Latest
Results
Not
applicable

22

People using basic drinking water services

% of population

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

23

People using basic sanitation services

% of population

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2017

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Resilience and Sustainability
World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database
Staff estimates based on WB data

2014

Not applicable

2014

Not applicable

24

CO2 emissions

Metric tons per
capita

25

Countries without wealth depletion

% of countries

26

Average annual deforestation change

%

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2015

% of territorial
waters

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

Not
applicable

Number

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

2018

27

Marine protected areas

28

Number of refugees by country or territory of asylum
(millions)

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

- 108 Indicator

29

30

31

Number of displaced persons, total displaced by conflict
and violence
Institutional Capacity
Number of IDA countries that have an improved composite
PEFA score across in dimensions across the pillars of
budget reliability, transparency of public finances, and
control in budget execution:
(1.1) Aggregate expenditure outturn
(9.2) Public access to fiscal information;
(24.2) Competitive procurement methods
Unweighted average increase in tax-to-GDP ratio in those
IDA countries with tax revenues below 15 percent of their
GDP for three consecutive years

Unit of Measure

Data Source

Number (high
estimate)

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database

Level of statistical capacity

33

Number of IDA countries with low or moderate risk from
unsustainable debt

2018

PEFA Secretariat

%

Number

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
Not applicable

Not applicable

2019

Number

scale from 0 to
100

32

Date of
Latest
Results

IMF WEO database; OECD Tax
Statistics; GFS

Not
applicable

Not applicable

World Development Indicators
(WDI) Database
World Bank Group, CPIA
database

2018

Not applicable

Not
applicable

Not applicable

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

5-6 million

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

1.0-2.0 million

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

35-50 million

PADs

FY19

10 GW

Tier 2: IDA-Supported Development Results
1
2

3
4

Growth
Farmers adopting improved agricultural technology

Millions

Area provided with new/improved irrigation or drainage
services

Ha

People provided with new or improved electricity service

Number of people
(millions)

Generation capacity of renewable energy

GW

- 109 Indicator

5

6

Beneficiaries reached with financial services
People
Businesses

Unit of Measure

Data Source

Date of
Latest
Results
FY19

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
3-4 million (of which
95% individuals, 5%
businesses)

Number of
people/businesses

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

Monitored

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

90-105 million
50-60 million

7

Number of people with enhanced access to transportation
services

Number of people
(millions)
Number of people
(million)

8

Number of people provided with enhanced access to
broadband internet

Number of people
(millions)

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

Not
applicable

Number of people
(millions)

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

220-370 million

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

85-140 million

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

100-150 million

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

35-80 million

PADs

Not
applicable

30-40 assessments

Beneficiaries in IDA countries of job-focused interventions

Human Capital

9
10

Beneficiaries of social safety net programs

People who have received essential health, nutrition and
population services:
a.

Children immunized

b.

Women and children who have received basic
nutrition services
Number of deliveries attended by skilled health
personnel

c.

Number of people
(millions)

30-40 million

11

Number of large-scale assessments completed at primary or
secondary level

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

25-35 million

People provided with access to improved water sources

Number of people
(millions)

FY19

12

People provided with access to improved sanitation
services

Number of people
(millions)

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

15-20 million

13

Number

- 110 Indicator

14

People provided with improved urban living conditions

Unit of Measure

Data Source

Date of
Latest
Results
FY19

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
10-15 million

Number of people
(millions)

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

MWh and Mega
joules

IDA projects’ ISRs and ICRs

FY19

5.5x109-6x109 MJ

Operations Portal and GHG
Accounting Focal Points data
submission files

FY19

PADs, ISRs, ICRs and other
projects’ documentation

FY19

PADs, ISRs, ICRs and other
project documentation

Not
applicable

Resilience and Sustainability
15

Projected energy or fuel savings

16

Net GHG emissions

tCO2eq / year

17

Countries supported toward institutionalizing disaster risk
reduction as a national priority with IDA support

Number of
countries

Monitored

30-40 countries

Institutional Capacity
18

19

20

1

Number of IDA countries publishing annual and timely
debt reports

PADs, ISRs, ICRs and other
Number of IDA countries that were provided statistical
Number of
capacity building support by the WBG for the
project documentation
countries
implementation of household surveys
Number of IDA FCS supported in building client capacity
Number of
PADs, ISRs, ICRs and other
to use field-appropriate digital tools for collection and
countries
project documentation
analysis of geo-tagged data; and apply this technology to
enhance project implementation and coordination
Tier 3: IDA Organizational and Operational Effectiveness
Development Outcome Ratings
Satisfactory outcomes of IDA Country Partnership
Frameworks

Satisfactory outcomes of IDA operations:
2

Number of
countries

-

as a share of commitments
as share of operations

%, IEG rating, 4year rolling

IEG

FY19

30-35 countries

>60 countries

Not
applicable

50% (to be converted
into number of countries
at the start of IDA19)

FY16-FY19

70%

(4-year
rolling)

FY16-FY18
%, IEG ratings, 3year rolling

IEG

(3-year
rolling)

80%
75%

- 111 Indicator

3

Client feedback in IDA countries on WBG effectiveness
and impact on results

4

Client feedback in IDA countries on WBG knowledge

Unit of Measure

Data Source

WBG COS Program

Date of
Latest
Results
FY19

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
7

Average rating
scale: 1-10
Average rating
scale: 1-10

WBG COS Program

FY19

7

FY19

80%

Performance and Quality
Satisfactory Bank performance in IDA-financed operations
-

Overall

-

At entry

-

During supervision

5

IEG
IEG
%, IEG Ratings

IEG

Monitored

IEG

Monitored
(FY16FY18)

6

Quality of M&E in IDA-financed operations

% IDA
commitments,
IEG ratings

7

ASA objectives accomplished

Client rating, %

World Bank Satisfaction Survey

8

Projects with beneficiary feedback indicator at design

%

World Bank PADs

IEG

60 %

(3-year
rolling)

Not
applicable

80 %

FY19

100 %

FY19

20 %

FY19

80 %

FY19

7

FY19

8

FY19

<=100

Operational Efficiency and Responsiveness
9

Disbursement ratio

%

World Bank SAP

10

Proactivity Index

%

World Bank SAP

11
12

13

Client feedback on WBG on responsiveness and staff
accessibility
Client feedback on WBG on collaboration with other
donors
Financial Sustainability and Budget Sustainability

Average rating
scale: 1-10
Average rating
scale: 1-10

IDA Budget Anchor

US$ millions

WBG COS Program.
WBG COS Program.
World Bank SAP /IDA Financial
Statements

- 112 Indicator

14
15

Bank budget to Portfolio Volume Ratio (per US$ billion
under supervision)
Average cost of IDA supervision projects (implementation
support)
Implementation of IDA Special Themes and Crosscutting Issues
Jobs and Economic Transformation

Unit of Measure

Data Source

US$ million

World Bank SAP and Business
Warehouse

US$ thousand

Business Warehouse

Share of IDA18 CPFs which at reflect at least one of the
following four key principles underpinning Economic
Transformation:
16

• Sectoral productivity
• Value chain expansion
• Increased productive capital stock or investment in
energy, transport, manufacturing or services.
• Export sector output/value added; Trade Facilitation
Total private mobilization of WBG-supported
operations/transactions in IDA countries

17

18

19

Direct mobilization
Indirect mobilization
Gender and Development
Percentage of IDA-supported projects that demonstrate a
results chain by linking gender gaps identified in analysis
to specific actions that are tracked in the results framework
Number of IDA-supported operations that address and
respond to GBV

Date of
Latest
Results
FY19

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
Monitored

FY19

Monitored

FY19

%

US$ billions

Monitored

CPFs

World Bank SAP

%

World Bank SAP, PADs and/or
supporting documents.

Number

World Bank SAP, PADs and/or
supporting documents.

FY19

FY19

FY19

Monitored

60 %

Monitored

Climate Change
20

Share of climate co-benefits over total commitments in
IDA-supported operations

%

World Bank SAP, PADs and/or
supporting documents

FY19

30 %

- 113 Indicator

21
22

23

24
25

26

Share of adaptation co-benefits over total climate cobenefits ion IDA-supported operations
IDA financing commitments with disaster risk management
co-benefits
Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV)
Facetime Index in FCS
Governance and Institutions
Number of IDA countries with the lowest Human Capital
Index supported to improve the sustainability of human
capital financing (as per Governance PC#5)
Number of countries supported by IDA to take IFF-related
actions
Disability
Share of IDA IPF operations that applied the concept of
universal access at design (% of approved IDA IPF in FY).

Unit of Measure

Data Source

Date of
Latest
Results
Not
applicable

Expected Range/Value
for IDA19
(FY21-FY23)
50 %

%

World Bank SAP, PADs and/or
supporting documents

(US$ billion)

WBG CPF reviews

FY19

3-5 billion

Index

Staff calculations based on World
Bank systems

FY19

Monitored

Number

Staff calculations based on World
Bank systems

Not
applicable

15 countries

Number

Staff calculations based on World
Bank systems

%

Staff calculations based on World
Bank systems

20
Not
applicable

Monitored

- 114 -

ANNEX 2: IDA’S PERFORMANCE-BASED ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM FOR IDA19
1.
Country allocations resources – which provide unearmarked country envelopes, aligned
with (Country Partnership Frameworks) CPFs – are fundamental to International Development
Association's (IDA) value proposition. Under IDA19, the share of country allocations relative to
IDA’s thematic windows will be increased, reversing the trend since IDA15 of increasing the
number and scope of the windows. The Performance Based Allocations (PBA) system will remain
the centerpiece of core resource allocations, while the Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV)
allocations will enable targeted resource boosts linked to monitorable commitments in select IDA
Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS).
2.
The Country Performance Ratings (CPR) of IDA countries are determined annually,
largely based on Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) ratings. The CPIA assesses
each country’s policy and institutional framework and consists of 16 criteria grouped into four
equally weighted clusters: (i) economic management; (ii) structural policies; (iii) policies for social
inclusion and equity; and (iv) public sector
management and institutions. (See Box A2.1).178 To
Box A2.1. CPIA Criteria
ensure that the ratings are consistent with
performance within and across regions, detailed A. Economic Management
1. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies
questions and definitions are provided to country
2. Fiscal Policy
teams for each of the rating levels for each of the 16
3. Debt Policy and Management
criteria. This is followed by a process of institutional
review of all country ratings before they are B. Structural Policies
4. Trade
finalized.
5.
6.

Financial Sector
Business Regulatory Environment

3.
The CPIA underpins IDA’s CPR but is not
its only determinant. In addition to the CPIA, the
IDA Portfolio Performance Rating (PPR),179 which
captures the quality of management of IDA’s
projects and programs, enters in the calculation of
the CPR. As in IDA18, the CPR in IDA19 will be
calculated as:

C. Policies for Social Inclusion
7. Gender Equality
8. Equity of Public Resource Use
9. Building Human Resources
10. Social Protection and Labor
11. Policies and Institutions for
Environmental Sustainability

where CPIAA-C is the average of the ratings of CPIA
clusters A to C, and CPIAD is the rating of CPIA
cluster D.

D. Public Sector Management and Institutions
12. Property Rights and Rule-based
Governance
13. Quality of Budgetary and Financial
Management
14. Efficiency of Revenue Mobilization
15. Quality of Public Administration
16. Transparency, Accountability and
Corruption in the Public Sector

178
179

For details on the CPIA Questionnaire, see: http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/203511467141304327/CPIA-Criteria2017v2.pdf
The PPR reflects the health of the IDA portfolio, as measured by the percentage of problem projects in each country.

- 115 -

4.
The formula underpinning the PBA system is presented below. Country performance (with
an exponent of 3 in the allocation formula)180 is the main determinant of IDA country allocations.
Country needs are also taken into account through population size and GNI per capita. Population
affects allocations positively (with an exponent of 1) while the level of GNI per capita is negatively
related to allocations (with an exponent of -0.125). Specifically:

5.
In IDA19, the base allocation will remain at SDR 15 million (equivalent to US$20.7
million) per year (SDR 45 million, equivalent to US$62.2 million, per replenishment) agreed in
IDA18 to meet the fixed costs of country engagement and maintain an effective country program
to benefit Small States, several of which are FCS.
6.
Country allocations will be determined annually with changes reflecting, inter alia, the
country’s own performance and its performance relative to other countries, IDA eligibility and
availability of IDA resources.
I.

Sustainable Development Finance Policy (SDFP)

7.
The forthcoming SDFP will assist IDA countries to pave a path of sustainable development
finance that enhances progress toward achieving the SDGs. The SDFP will be closely linked to
the IMF/WB LIC Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF) and impact IDA country allocations
through performance-based set-asides providing appropriate and fair incentives for IDA countries
to take policy steps to reduce debt vulnerability risks. (See Annex 9.)
II.

FCV Envelope

8.
IDA19 will consolidate, simplify and refine the financing toolkit available to IDA countries
experiencing a range of FCV challenges through the FCV Envelope. The FCV Envelope will
provide tailored support, comprised of three FCV-related country allocations. The exceptional
regimes under IDA18 (the Post-conflict regime, Risk Mitigation Regime and Turn Around
Regime) will be discontinued. The Post-conflict regime phase-out applicable to South Sudan will
also be discontinued,181 as the country could potentially apply to the FCV Envelope. See Annex 3
for more details on the FCV Envelope.
III. Other Exceptions
9.

The following specific exceptions to the PBA formula will be in place in IDA19:
a. As endorsed by IDA Participants during the IDA18 MTR, a 7 percent cap on the total
country-allocable envelope will be applied to countries with significant access to

180

181

The CPR exponent was reduced from 4 in IDA17 to 3 in IDA18 to increase the poverty-orientation of the regular PBA system.
This will allow an increased IDA engagement in the poorest countries, notably the broader group of FCS, most of which have
low per-capita GNI levels, while preserving the principle of performance orientation in the allocation system.
As the only country in the Post-conflict regime, South Sudan had been phasing out to the regular PBA formula levels by FY23
as per the original phase out period established under the Post-conflict regime.

- 116 -

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and IDA in cumulative
terms. In IDA19, this will apply to Pakistan which falls in this category.
b. IDA will continue to provide additional allocations for crisis response through the Crisis
Response Window (CRW). (See Annex 6.)
c. IDA will continue to support regional integration through a scaled-up Regional Window
which will now support (i) Development Policy Financing instrument under the Regional
Window; (iii) Regional Window financing for single-country operations that clearly
demonstrate positive cross-border spillovers for health pandemics, natural disasters and
adoption of innovate technologies; and (iv) funding on credit terms to regional
organizations with proper safeguards to ensure that such interventions exclusively benefit
IDA countries. (See Annex 5.)
d. IDA will continue to support development opportunities for refugee and host communities
through the WHR (Window for Host Communities and Refugees). (See Annex 4.)
e. IDA will continue to offer non-concessional financing under strict circumstances through
the Scale-up Facility (now the Scale-up Window). (See Annex 8.)
f. The PSW continues to support International Finance Corporation (IFC) and MIGA to
mobilize private sector investments into IDA FCS and IDA-only countries. (See Annex 7.)
g. Finally, eligible countries can qualify for exceptional allocations to help finance the cost
associated with the clearance of arrears to IBRD and/or IDA.182
V.

Disclosure

10.
IDA countries are informed of the performance assessment process, which is increasingly
integrated into the country dialogue. Starting in IDA14, the numerical ratings for each of the CPIA
and CPR criteria have been fully disclosed on IDA’s external website. Starting in IDA15, the
country allocations and commitments have been disclosed annually to the Executive Directors of
IDA on an ex post basis (i.e., at the end of each FY) to increase transparency. Starting in IDA16,
the country allocations and commitments have been disclosed on IDA’s external website.

182

IDA, Further Elaboration of a Systematic Approach to Arrears Clearance (2007), available at
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/IDA/Resources/Seminar%20PDFs/73449-1172525976405/34928661172526109259/ArrearsClearanceMZ.pdf.

- 117 -

ANNEX 3: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS: FRAGILITY, CONFLICT AND
VIOLENCE ENVELOPE
1.
IDA19 creates a Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV) Envelope that will contain
resources to support IDA countries facing different kinds of FCV risks. (See Figure A3.1
where financing tools are represented on a stylized ‘U curve’.) The FCV Envelope will enable
IDA to seize opportunities and respond with greater agility to the dynamic needs of IDA Fragile
and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS) clients. It will also enable IDA to offer support that is
targeted and tailored to the prevailing conflict and fragility dynamics specific to each IDA FCS.
The FCV Envelope offers a strong incentive and accountability structure, including Board
discussion of all eligibility notes.
Box A3.1. Common Features of the FCV Envelope
The three allocations comprising the FCV Envelope will share several common features.
In-cycle identification. Eligibility for an allocation can be assessed at any time in the IDA cycle. Countries may
apply in FY20 so that allocations are available at the start of IDA19. A country may move between different types
of allocations within the Envelope through the IDA cycle, but may receive only one allocation at any given time.
Eligibility-based processing. Each allocation will have an initial eligibility process, and continued eligibility will
be based on annual reviews. Decisions to access the FCV Envelope will be made by Development Finance in
concurrence with Operations Policy and Country Services in the same way as for IDA18 RSW projects. Teams
will consult with relevant stakeholders in country, including with the UN, when developing the eligibility notes.
Where possible, eligibility and annual review processes will be synchronized with the country’s CEN (Country
Engagement Note) /CPF (Country Partnership Framework) /PLR (Performance and Learning Review) cycle. If
country circumstances change and eligibility arises off-cycle, countries will prepare an Eligibility Note. All
eligibility notes, whether submitted as part of the CEN/CPF/PLR or as a standalone document, will be submitted
to the Board for discussion.
PBA-aligned financing. Allocations will supplement the country’s PBA by a percentage amount, up to a national
top-up cap for the IDA19 period. Financing will be on the same terms as the country’s PBA. Financing from the
FCV Envelope should not bring a country’s allocation above seven percent of total country allocations. Countries
receiving an FCV-related allocation may continue to access IDA windows.
Prioritization within the country program. With the increased allocation, the country portfolio will be
recalibrated to focus more directly on the purposes and activities for which the allocation is made.

2.

The FCV Envelope will comprise three FCV-related country allocations:
a.

The Prevention and Resilience Allocation (PRA) will provide enhanced support for
countries at risk of escalating into high-intensity conflict or large-scale violence.

b.

A new Remaining Engaged during Conflict Allocation (RECA) will enable IDA to
maintain a base level of engagement in a small number of countries that experience
high-intensity conflict and have extremely limited government capacity.

c.

The Turn Around Allocation (TAA) will support countries emerging from conflict,
social/political crisis or disengagement, and where there is a window of opportunity
for IDA to either re-engage or intensify engagement to support these countries to
pursue major reforms to accelerate the transition out of fragility and build resilience.

- 118 -

Figure A3.1. FCV Envelope

Prevention and Resilience Allocation (PRA)
3.
As a key financial tool in the pivot to prevention, the PRA will support governments
to take proactive measures against escalating conflict and violence. It will provide enhanced
support for countries at risk of escalating into high-intensity conflict or large-scale violence, where
the Government is committed to addressing the underlying drivers of conflict and violence. The
PRA will enable more agile responses to changing fragility and conflict dynamics, while also
ensuring country ownership.
4.
PRA eligibility will be based on two criteria: (i) a quantified indicator that identifies
countries that are at risk of escalating into high-intensity conflict or large-scale violence;183 and
(ii) the Government has in place a strategy or plan acceptable to IDA that describes the concrete
steps that the country will take to reduce the risks of conflict or violence, and the corresponding
milestones the Government commits to implement with support from the PRA. These eligibility
criteria are designed to provide a basis for IDA programming that is genuinely country-led and
focused on reducing conflict and violence.
183

Data show that the existence of small-scale conflict is one of the strongest predictors of large-scale conflict, reflecting the
notion that violence breeds violence. With this in mind, indicators to identify those countries at highest risk of escalating into
high-intensity conflict include: (i) countries that already experience some low-level conflict, measured as between 2 and 10
conflict-related deaths per 100,000 people, and an absolute number of conflict-related deaths above 250; and (ii) countries
experiencing a rapid deterioration of the security situation, meaning a number of conflict-related deaths between 1 and 2 per
100,000 people, an absolute number above 250, and an increase in conflict-related deaths that is at least double the previous
year. This criterion will be based on data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED) and/or the
Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP). Below that range, regular PBA can be used to address low risks of conflict, and
above that range, the country may become eligible for the RECA. For inter-personal violence, the criterion will be measured
as more than 50 intentional homicide-related deaths per 100,000 people using United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
data.

- 119 -

5.
The PRA will top up a country’s PBA by 75 percent, up to a national top-up cap of
US$700 million per country for IDA19.184 Financing will be provided on the same terms as the
country’s PBA. While this is a significant top-up, the WB assesses that there is ample demand and
absorptive capacity to scale up meaningful programming in these countries, and that prioritization
of prevention is warranted, given its net benefits, as outlined in Pathways for Peace.185
6.
Countries receiving the PRA will recalibrate their IDA portfolio to focus on deescalating the conflict and violence through development interventions. This recalibration
should be reflected in country dialogue as well as in the pipeline and portfolio of investments and
analytical products, as appropriate to each context. The PRA will facilitate WB engagement with
the Government on critical yet difficult issues and scale up best-fit preventive and inclusive
approaches beyond business as usual. Countries may apply for the PRA at any time during the
IDA19 cycle by demonstrating the risks, the Government’s plan to address the risks and
accompanying milestones, and the WB’s supportive program.186 Continued access to the PRA will
be subject to annual reviews.187
Remaining Engaged during Conflict Allocation (RECA)
7.
The RECA will provide a base level of support in rare cases in which a country’s PBA
is extremely low due to the often-related combination of high-intensity conflict and weak
institutional capacity. Based on lessons from IDA18 engagement in Yemen, this financing tool
gives IDA the option to support countries in circumstances where, despite conflict, the WB can
meaningfully engage to preserve institutional capacity and human capital that will be critical for
the country’s future recovery.
8.
Eligibility for the RECA will be based on three criteria: (i) a quantified indicator that
identifies countries in high-intensity conflict;188 (ii) a Country Policy and Institutional Assessment
(CPIA) of 2.5 or below; and (iii) a proposed program that is consistent with the RECA.189

184
185
186

187

188
189

Downwards adjustments to this allocation may be warranted in certain circumstances, such as weak absorptive capacity or
debt considerations.
United Nations and World Bank, Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict (Washington DC:
World Bank Group, 2018).
A PRA Eligibility Note will address: (i) the risks of conflict and violence that the country is facing; (ii) the government’s
strategy to mitigate these risks; (iii) milestones that the government commits to meet with support from the PRA, similar to
CPF indicators; (iv) a summary of other partners’ activities; and (v) the WB’s proposed approach, including partnerships,
adjustments to the country program, including policy dialogue, portfolio, and pipeline. The Eligibility Note will be
synchronized with the CEN/CPF/PLR cycle where possible. If off-cycle, the Eligibility Note will be submitted to the Board
for discussion.
A PRA annual review will address: (i) how PRA resources have been used and progress made in recalibrating the country
portfolio; (ii) an update on risks and the Government’s approach to mitigating these risks; (iii) the Government’s performance
against the agreed milestones; and (iv) updates to the WB program and/or the milestones. In cases where agreed milestones
have not been met due to factors within the Government’s control, access to the PRA will be suspended, and the country
would return to regular PBA the following FY.
The criterion will be measured as ten or more conflict-related deaths per 100,000 people using ACLED and/or UCDP data.
RECA eligibility notes will be synchronized with the CEN/PLR cycle where possible. If off-cycle, the Eligibility Note will
be submitted to the Board for discussion.

- 120 -

9.
The RECA will be used to finance a specific set of development activities focused on
WB comparative advantage as a development actor in the country context. The allocation will
enable the country portfolio to focus on development activities that preserve institutions and
human capital, such as delivery of basic services and capacity building in key institutions. The use
of the allocation will seek to ensure value for money in achieving development outcomes, while
recognizing that working in these contexts entails higher costs.
10.
In the following limited circumstances, 190 IDA funding in RECA countries191 may be
provided directly to UN agencies and INGOs:192
a. A government request to provide financing directly to organizations to carry out operations
due to capacity constraints of the Government to effectively manage and implement
operations;
b. Demonstrated value-added of IDA financing to ensure activities and outcomes supported
by IDA are consistent with IDA’s development mandate and are additional (i.e., are not
already planned or financed by executing parties);
c. Demonstrated attention to rebuilding national and/or local systems, including institutional
strengthening and capacity building in line with IDA’s rationale for engagement during
conflict by focusing on preserving development gains and building capacity for future
recovery; and
d. Demonstrated attention to sustainability including that the executing parties have a
financing plan that goes beyond IDA to support recurrent costs.
11.
The RECA will top up a country’s PBA on the same terms as its PBA. If the country’s
CPR is 2.5 or below,193 their PBA will be calculated on the assumption that their CPR is 2.5, up
to a national top-up cap of US$300 million.194 RECA countries may also access IDA windows,
including the Crisis Response Window (CRW).
12.
The RECA designation will enable more agile responses to changing conflict
dynamics. Countries may apply for the allocation at any time during the IDA19 cycle by
demonstrating the WB’s proposed approach, including the program, policy dialogue, partnerships
and coordination, portfolio pipeline and risk management including regarding the potential impact
of IDA’s program on conflict dynamics. Continued access to the RECA will be subject to annual
reviews.195

190
191
192
193
194
195

This is in addition to the circumstances where the WB operational policies already allow for such direct financing to UN
agencies and/or INGOs.
This will apply to RECA countries accessing CRW or other IDA funding.
In such cases, no commitment charge would apply.
Downwards adjustments to this allocation may be warranted in certain circumstances, such as weak absorptive capacity or
debt considerations.
During high-intensity conflict, it can be difficult to collect the data needed to generate the country’s GNI per capita and
population. Where this occurs, the average of the last three years of reliable data will be used for calculations.
A RECA annual review will address: (i) how the RECA allocation has been used; (ii) conflict dynamics; and (iii) any
adjustments to the WB program.

- 121 -

Turn Around Allocation (TAA)
13.
The TAA will provide enhanced support to countries that are emerging from conflict,
or social/political crisis or disengagement, and where the Government is pursuing a reform
agenda to accelerate its transition out of fragility and build resilience. These are countries at
a critical juncture in their development trajectory where there is a significant window of
opportunity for IDA to help build stability and resilience to accelerate the transition out of fragility.
14.
Eligibility for the TAA will be based on three criteria: (i) a CPIA of 3.0 or below, or a
period of disengagement;196 (ii) the Government has in place a strategy or plan acceptable to IDA
that describes how the country is turning around, including the concrete steps that the country will
take to implement a reform agenda to accelerate its transition out of fragility and build resilience,
and the corresponding milestones the Government commits to implement with support from the
TAA; and (iii) a CEN/CPF that makes a compelling case for WB support to the Government’s
reform agenda.
15.
The TAA will top up a country’s PBA on the same terms as its PBA. The top-up will
be 125 percent of the country’s PBA (i.e. more than double their PBA) up to a national cap of
US$1.25 billion per country during IDA19. 197 While this is a significant allocation, the WB
assesses that there is ample demand and absorptive capacity to scale up meaningful programming
in these countries.
16.
Countries receiving the TAA will develop/recalibrate their IDA portfolio to focus on
the Government’s reform agenda. The TAA will help to scale up and focus the country portfolio
on supporting the Government’s efforts to implement major policy shifts to accelerate its transition
out of fragility and build resilience. Countries may apply for the TAA at any time by demonstrating
how the country is turning around, the Government’s reform agenda, the WB’s supportive
program, and accompanying milestones.198 Continued access will be subject to annual reviews.199

196

197

198

199

Currently, five IDA countries are disengaged from IDA, namely Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Zimbabwe. These
countries may choose to re-engage during IDA19 after clearing arrears to IDA and/or IBRD. In the case of Syria, as stated in
the IDA18 Replenishment Report, commitment of IDA funds will require the following: (i) arrangements for the clearance of
IDA arrears; and (ii) the WBG’s ability to engage with an appropriate government counterpart and to effectively appraise and
supervise projects in the country (whether through staff presence or the use of third-party monitoring agents). If Syria were
eligible for the TAA, it could receive up to US$1 billion, subject to performance.
Downwards adjustments to this allocation may be warranted in certain circumstances, such as weak absorptive capacity or
debt considerations. For countries with a CPR of 2.5 or below (including RECA countries moving to the TAA or other postconflict countries with weak institutions), a CPR floor of 2.5 will be used to calculate their PBA before the 125 percent topup is applied. The same can be done for a re-engaging country that has very low CPIA and/or CPR. In those rare cases, the
CPR floor of 2.5 can be used to calculate their PBA, as if that country were coming from the RECA to the TAR. This eliminates
the need for a PCPI.
The TAA Eligibility Note will address: (i) the significant window of opportunity, and the government’s strategy to seize this
opportunity; (ii) milestones that the government commits to meet with support from the TAA, similar to CPF indicators; (iii)
a summary of other partners’ activities; and (iv) the WB’s proposed approach, including partnerships, adjustments to the
program, including policy dialogue, portfolio, and pipeline. The Eligibility Note will be synchronized with the CEN/CPF/PLR
cycle where possible. If off-cycle, the Eligibility Note will be submitted to the Board for discussion.
A TAA annual review will address: (i) how the TAA has been used and progress made in recalibrating the country portfolio;
(ii) updates on the implementation of the Government’s reform agenda; (iii) the Government’s performance against the agreed
milestones; and (iv) updates to the WB program and/or the milestones. In cases where agreed milestones have not been met,
or relapse into conflict, access to the TAA will be suspended, and the country would return to regular PBA the following FY.

- 122 -

ANNEX 4: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS: WINDOW FOR HOST
COMMUNITIES AND REFUGEES
1.
Purpose: The Window for Host Communities and Refugees (WHR) will support
operations that promote medium- to long-term development opportunities for refugee and host
communities in IDA countries. The purpose of the WHR is to support refugee hosting countries
to: (i) mitigate the shocks caused by refugee inflows and create social and economic development
opportunities for refugee and host communities; (ii) facilitate sustainable solutions to protracted
refugee situations including through the sustainable socio-economic inclusion of refugees in the
host country and/or their return to the country of origin; and (iii) strengthen country preparedness
for increased or potential new refugee flows.
2.
Activities: In line with the overall purpose outlined above, the WHR will support
operations in host countries that focus on the medium- to long-term development needs of refugees
and host communities, not humanitarian needs, which are the mandate of other organizations.
Priority initiatives may include operations that: (i) promote refugees’ welfare and inclusion in the
host country’s socio-economic structures; (ii) support legal solutions and/or policy reforms with
regard to refugees, e.g., freedom of movement, formal labor force participation, identification
documents and residency permits; (iii) help ensure access and quality of services and basic
infrastructure to refugees and host communities; (iv) support livelihoods in host community areas,
tailored to the needs and constraints of refugees and host community members; (v) support policy
dialogue and activities to facilitate and ensure the sustainability of return where refugees go back
to their country of origin; and (vi) strengthen government finances where these have been strained
by expenditures related to their hosting responsibilities.
3.
Eligibility Criteria: The eligibility criteria for the WHR will remain the same as in IDA18:
(i) the number of UNHCR-registered refugees is at least 25,000 or 0.1 percent of the population;
(ii) the country adheres to an adequate framework for the protection of refugees; and (iii) the
Government has in place a strategy or plan acceptable to IDA that describes the concrete steps,
including possible policy reforms, toward long-term solutions that benefit host communities and
refugees. Based on these criteria, 14 countries are already eligible for financing in IDA18.
Countries that are already eligible in IDA18 will not have to re-do the eligibility process. Rather,
the first WHR project that is processed in IDA19 for each country will be accompanied by a short
WHR strategy note. For countries that become eligible for the WHR during IDA19, the eligibility
process will be the same as it was in IDA18. In addition, every PAD that uses WHR financing in
IDA19 will include: (i) updated UNHCR numbers; (ii) an update of the country’s refugee policy
and institutional environment; and (iii) confirmation of the continuing adequacy of the protection
framework, noting any recent changes or new risks.
4.

Financing:
a. Volume: The size of the window will be US$2.2 billion (equivalent to SDR 1.6 billion).
b. Apportionment: The WHR will finance up to 90 percent of the total project amount,
complemented by at least 10 percent from the country allocation.

- 123 -

c. Notional regional allocations: At the beginning of a Replenishment period, notional
regional allocations will be determined based on the number of refugees in IDA countries
eligible for support under the WHR. These notional regional allocations may be adjusted
based on changes in refugee numbers and client demand during the IDA cycle. Each WHReligible country will have a minimum allocation of US$10 million to enable programming
at a certain scale. Allocations per country during an IDA cycle will be capped at US$500
million.
d. Terms of Financing: For countries at high risk of debt distress, WHR financing will be
provided on grant terms. For countries at low to moderate risk of debt distress, financing
will be provided 50 percent in grants and 50 percent in the applicable credit terms of the
country.
e. Sudden massive inflow of refugees: The WHR will provide 100 percent grants to countries
that experience a sudden massive inflow of refugees, defined as receiving at least 250,000
new refugees or at least one percent of its population within the last 12 months from the
beginning of the IDA19 cycle or during the IDA19 cycle.

- 124 -

ANNEX 5: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS: REGIONAL WINDOW
1.
Purpose. The IDA Regional Window aims to promote development through regional
approaches by providing top-up funding for eligible regional investments and activities. Regional
projects support countries to come together to address challenges of small and fragmented markets,
find regional solutions for challenges facing multiple countries, and promote global public goods.
They help, among other things, to create larger and more integrated markets, improve connectivity,
manage shared resources, exploit economies of scale, and facilitate collective action to address
common goals.
2.
Lending Instruments. Financial support from the IDA Regional Window is provided
using Investment Project Financing (IPF)200 and starting in IDA19, Development Policy Financing
(DPF).
3.
Eligibility Criteria: IDA Regional Window operations, should meet all of the following
four criteria (for exceptions, see paragraph 7):
a.

The operation involves three or more countries,201 all of which need to participate for
the project’s objectives to be achievable, and at least one of which is an IDA-eligible
country. The minimum number of countries required to participate is reduced from
three to two if at least one IDA-eligible Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS)
participates in the project. 202

b.

The operation would have benefits, either economic or social, that spill over country
boundaries, e.g., it would generate positive externalities or mitigate negative ones
across country boundaries.

c.

There is clear evidence of country and regional ownership of the operation,
demonstrating the commitment of the majority of participating countries.

d.

The operation provides a platform for a high level of policy harmonization between
countries and is part of a well-developed and broadly-supported regional strategy.

4.
Allocations. Resources from the IDA Regional Window are provided in addition to the
IDA country allocations:
a.

200
201
202

Allocations to Regions. At the beginning of each IDA cycle, each Region is given an
indicative allocation for the three-year Replenishment implementation period. Actual
allocations are made at the beginning of each fiscal year. Seventy five percent of funds
available from the IDA Regional Window is allocated to the Africa Region. The
remaining 25 percent is allocated to the other five Regions in proportion to each
Region’s share in total country allocations to those five Regions.

Operations can be designed as regular stand-alone projects/programs, Series of Projects (SOPs) or Multi-Phase Approaches
(MPAs).
See paragraph 7 of this Annex for exceptions to the minimum number of country requirement.
Countries in Non-Accrual Status. When a country has loans or credits in non-accrual status and its participation is crucial to
the region, it may still participate, but IDA financing is not directly provided to that country. A regional entity or another
country participating in the project may take on the obligations of the country and implement the project on its behalf.

- 125 -

b.

Allocations to Operations. Actual allocations to each operation are determined by
each Bank Region concerned. Operations are selected for their strategic relevance
based on regional integration strategies. For IDA19, these strategic priorities include:
i. For Africa, sub-regional approaches to drivers of fragility in at least three subregions (the Sahel, Lake Chad area, and the Horn of Africa) and the Digital
Economy for Africa.
ii. Globally, the Blue Economy, the Human Capital Project, provision of public
goods such as marine litter, innovative technologies with strong spill-over effects
to other IDA countries and specific needs of small islands.

c.

Financing Terms. For each of the participating countries, the terms of financing
under the IDA Regional Window (including credit/grant distribution), are fully
harmonized with the terms of financing for country allocations.

d.

Leveraging (Co-financing Ratio). Normally, at least one-third of a country’s share
of the cost of an eligible regional project or DPF comes from its country allocations
and two-thirds come from the IDA Regional Window. This co-financing ratio,
however, could be adjusted by the Bank Regions as follows:
i. Resource Optimization. To optimize the use of resources from the IDA
Regional Window, a Region may choose a lower level of leverage.
ii. Small States. The contribution from a Small State’s country allocation to
regional projects in a given financial year is capped at 20 percent of its annual
country allocation.
iii. Exceptional Financing. The contribution from a country allocation is capped
at 20 percent during a Replenishment period for large projects (subject to Board
approval).

e.

IDA and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
Borrowers. When a regional project involves the participation of both IDA and
IBRD-only countries, the IBRD-only borrowers finance their participation in the
project through IBRD borrowings or from other resources.

5.
Regional Development Policy Financing (DPF). Starting in IDA19, Regional policy
lending may be provided to IDA countries that have a common policy framework for coordinating
and sequencing reforms and when there is a strong case for the use of this instrument.
a.

To ensure selective use of limited resources to support DPFs, overall allocations to
DPF will be capped at 10 percent of the IDA Regional Window.

b.

Each region will identify DPF operations that are expected to support policy reforms
in selected countries and areas of focus for each fiscal year, by the beginning of the
fiscal year.

c.

DPFs will adhere to Bank Policy “Policy for Development Policy Financing” which
includes inter alia maintaining an adequate macroeconomic policy framework and
support of a set of critical policy and institutional actions, underpinned by analytical
work, agreed between the WB and participating IDA countries.

- 126 -

6.

d.

The size of each participating country’s DPF will be determined by the specific design
of each operation, size of ongoing national DPFs and the fiscal needs (same as national
DPFs), as well as the strength and depth of the reform program and agreements among
participating countries.

e.

Each participating country will contribute at least one third of the country’s share of
the DPF from its country allocation. This co-financing ratio could be adjusted by the
Bank Regions as laid out in paragraph 4.d above.

Regional Organizations.
a.

Credits to Regional Organizations. Starting in IDA19, the IDA Regional window
may implement some projects with the support of regional organizations which have
the capacity to repay IDA credits.203 In such cases, the IDA Regional Window will
extend financing to the organizations on credit terms. Financing will be based on:
i. The nature and economic appraisal of the project—whether it generates
revenues and returns that enable the regional organization to repay the credits;
ii. The entity is a bona fide regional organization that has the legal status, fiduciary
capacity and the legal authority to carry out the activities financed The ability of
the regional organization to repay credits, taking into account, the regional
organization’s rating with rating agencies and/or assessments based on their
revenue streams and cash flows.
iii. The ability of the regional organization to repay credits, taking into account, the
regional organization’s rating with rating agencies and/or assessments based on
their revenue streams and cash flows.

b.

Grants to Regional Organizations. As part of IDA’s support for regional operations,
the IDA Regional Window may provide grants to regional entities to support the
implementation of regional projects or to build regional entities’ capacity for
supporting strategic regional priorities, or both. Eligibility criteria:
i. The entity is a bona fide regional organization that has the legal status and
fiduciary capacity to receive grant funding and the legal authority to carry out the
activities financed.
ii.

The entity does not meet eligibility requirements to receive an IDA Credit.204

iii. The costs and benefits of an activity to be financed with the IDA Grant cannot
be easily attributed to national programs.205

203

204
205

In IDA18, this was done through a Board-approved waiver to channel credits through the West African Development Bank
(BOAD) of the Western Africa Economic Monetary Union (WAEMU) Affordable Housing Project, and the Bank of Central
African States (BEAC) to support strengthening Financial Institutions in the Central African Economic and Monetary
Community (CEMAC).
A regional entity is eligible to receive an IDA Grant only if it lacks the legal capacity or authority to borrow or repay a loan.
The activities to be supported from the IDA grant should not produce direct or exclusive benefits to an individual participating
country.

- 127 -

iv. The activities to be financed with an IDA Grant are related to regional
infrastructure development, institutional cooperation for economic integration, or
coordinated interventions to provide regional public goods.
v.
Grant co-financing for the activity is not readily available from other
development partners.
vi. The entity is associated with an IDA-funded regional operation or otherwise
supports the strategic objectives of IDA on regional integration.

7.

c.

Cap on Grants to Regional Organizations. The total amount of IDA Grants that
each Region may provide to Regional Organizations is limited to 10 percent of the
regional IDA envelope allocated to each Region during a replenishment.

d.

Governance. Operations supported by the IDA Regional Window are approved by
the Executive Board and are subject to regular Bank review and processing procedures
for Investment Project Financing and Development Policy Financing.

Exceptions
a.

Transformational Projects Located in a Single Country. The IDA Regional
Window may on an exceptional basis, finance a project located in only one IDAeligible country when a project’s physical implementation takes place in only one
country but has clearly demonstrated potential for significant regional
transformational impacts, and starting in IDA19, supporting global public goods such
as addressing marine litter. All of the following criteria would need to be met:
i.
Clear articulation of the project’s transformational or public good impact on
the region, where three or more countries would receive substantial measurable
spillover benefits from the project. 206 The project would need to clearly
demonstrate how spillover benefits would be monitored and reported.
ii. The project would need financial participation of only the country where it is
located; it would not need financial participation of any other country.
iii. The project otherwise meets the eligibility criteria set out in paragraph 3
above.

206

b.

Large Projects Relative to Country Allocation. A country’s contribution to the cost
of a regional project may be capped at 20 percent during a Replenishment period
where the cost of the project is very large relative to such three-year allocation.

c.

Limit on Exceptional Financing. During a Replenishment period, the total amount
of IDA Regional Window funds provided under the two exceptions described above
is limited to 20 percent of the total resource envelope for the IDA Regional Window.

d.

Early Board Consultation. When a Region intends to seek exceptional financing,
Management consults the Board early in the process.

The required minimum number of beneficiary countries is reduced from three to two if at least one IDA-eligible FCS would
be a beneficiary.

- 128 -

ANNEX 6: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CRISIS RESPONSE
WINDOW
1.
This Annex sets out the policy framework that governs the IDA Crisis Response Window
(CRW). It covers the modalities for the CRW to: (i) respond as a last resort to severe economic
crises, natural disasters, and public health emergencies; and (ii) respond at an earlier juncture to
slower-onset crises, namely disease outbreaks and food insecurity.
2.
IDA countries are subject to a variety of crises that can undermine their social and
economic development efforts. The CRW provides IDA countries with a dedicated source of
additional resources to respond to the impact of natural disasters, public health emergencies and
economic crises. Such support is part of IDA’s overall response to a crisis, complementing the
roles of other development and humanitarian 207 partners, and based on IDA’s comparative
advantages and development mandate.
3.
Objectives. The main objectives of the CRW are to establish a systematic approach in IDA
for crisis response; to provide additional and predictable financing to IDA-eligible countries hit by
crises; and to enhance IDA’s capacity to effectively participate in crisis response efforts.
I. CRW SUPPORT FOR SEVERE CRISES
4.
Principles. CRW resources are intended as a last resort to assist IDA-eligible countries in
coping with severe crises. Access is granted where alternative sources of funding are insufficient
and where IDA participates in a concerted international response to a broadly recognized crisis.
Operations financed by the CRW are also expected to include, where feasible, components or
features designed to help prevent future crises or mitigate their economic and social impact—
unless covered by other operations.
5.
Country Eligibility. While all IDA-eligible countries are in principle eligible for CRW
support, a country’s access to the CRW depends on specific circumstances including the
magnitude of the impact of the crisis, the country’s access to alternative sources of financing
(including IBRD), and its ability to use its own resources.
6.
Allocations. CRW resources are allocated only in response to crises as described in
paragraphs 7 (Natural Disasters), 8 (Public Health Emergencies), and 9 (Economic Crises).
Natural Disasters
7.
Natural Disasters. CRW resources may be used to support IDA-eligible countries in the
aftermath of an exceptionally severe natural disaster (e.g., earthquake, flood, drought and tsunami).
a. Trigger. CRW resources can be used only in the case of natural disasters that are
exceptionally severe. Parametric data on disaster frequency and impact will be an
207

For instance, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA).

- 129 -

important, but not the only, eligibility criterion to determine whether a country affected by
a particular event qualifies to receive CRW resources.208
b. Crisis Eligibility and Size of Allocation. In the immediate aftermath of a severe natural
disaster, Management will review the available impact data to form an early assessment of
a country’s need for CRW resources. As immediate post-disaster impact data tends to be
limited and evolving, an early assessment may also take account of whether the affected
country has: (i) issued a declaration of emergency; (ii) requested CRW resources; and (iii)
requested a Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) or a Damage and Loss Assessment
(DaLA). 209 In addition, such assessment will take into account the WBG’s capacity to
respond without accessing the CRW; and will also outline, where relevant, cooperation
with the UN—particularly the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
(OCHA). The early assessment is updated as more data and information become available.
The final decision on the size of the CRW allocation takes into account: (i) information on
the severity of the crises and cost of recovery based on PDNA/DaLAs; (ii) number of
affected persons (such as persons rendered homeless) and/or incurred loss of income or
livelihood; (iii) estimates of impact on GDP; (iv) availability of resources to respond to the
crisis;210 (v) country’s absorptive capacity; (vi) issuance of UN Flash Appeal; (vii) country
size (e.g., Small States); and (viii) the CRW’s past support to the country concerned.
c. Financing Terms. The terms of financing are the same as those for financing from IDA
Concessional Country Allocations (“country allocations”) to the country concerned.
However, if the natural disaster results in damages and losses of over a third of the
country’s GDP, its country allocations financing terms may be adjusted, based on an
updated Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) in the aftermath of the crisis in accordance
with Section IV of the Bank Policy “Financial Terms and Conditions of Bank Financing”.
CRW financing will then follow the adjusted post-disaster IDA financing terms applicable
to the country.
Public Health Emergencies
8.
Public Health Emergencies. CRW resources may be used to address public health
emergencies that are of potential international importance.
a. Trigger. CRW resources can be used only when:
i.

208

209

210

the affected country has declared a national public health emergency; and

Parametric data —e.g., the magnitude of an earthquake on the Richter’s Scale— may not always accurately reflect the impact
of a disaster. The severity of the impact also depends on, for example, disaster preparedness and proximity to human
settlements.
PDNAs/DaLAs provide a reliable, internationally recognized and government-owned mechanism to verify the impacts
(damage and losses) of a disaster. They would also: (a) provide a comprehensive estimate of overall and multi-sectoral disaster
recovery needs; (b) incorporate disaster risk reduction as an agreed element of the disaster recovery framework; and (c) reflect
multi-stakeholder consensus over sectoral recovery strategies.
For instance, resources available from the country’s IDA portfolio, domestic sources, other external financing sources
(including IBRD), and the amount of resources left in the CRW.

- 130 -

ii. the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the outbreak is of
potential international importance, under WHO’s Global Alert and Response
System, in accordance with the International Health Regulations, 2005.
b. Crisis Eligibility and Size of Allocation. In the initial stage of a potentially CRW-eligible
public health emergency, Management will review available impact data to form an early
assessment regarding the need to access CRW resources. Such early assessment may also
take into account: (i) support from other sources such as the Pandemic Emergency
Financing Facility (PEF); (ii) whether the affected country has issued a declaration of a
public health emergency; (iii) whether the affected country has requested CRW resources;
(iv) whether the affected country has requested a Needs Assessment;211 (v) the WBG’s
capacity to respond without accessing the CRW; and (vi) cooperation with the UN—
particularly the WHO—and other development partners. The assessment is updated as
more data and information become available. The final decision on the size of the CRW
allocation takes into account (i) information on the severity of the emergency and the cost
of response; (ii) number of affected persons and/or incurred loss of income or livelihood;
(iii) estimates of impact on GDP; (iv) availability of resources to respond to the crisis;212
(v) country’s absorptive capacity; (vi) issuance of UN Flash Appeal; (vii) country size (e.g.,
Small States); and (viii) CRW’s past support to the country concerned.
c. Financing Terms. The terms of financing are the same as those for country allocations to
the country concerned.
Economic Crises
9.
Economic Crises. CRW resources may be used to address severe economic crises that are
caused by exogenous shocks and that affect multiple IDA countries (e.g., global food, fuel or
financial crises). In providing CRW assistance, IDA seeks to mitigate the impact on vulnerable
groups and protect core development spending at risk, for instance, in health, education, social
safety nets, infrastructure and agriculture.
a. Trigger. CRW resources can be accessed if there is evidence of a severe economic crisis
that is caused by an exogenous shock and that affects a significant number of IDA-eligible
countries as follows:
i.
the crisis is expected to result in a widespread or a regional year-on-year GDP
growth decline of three percentage points or more in a significant number of IDAeligible countries;213 or
ii. in the event of a severe price shock that did not result in a GDP growth decline
in line with the above trigger, but: (a) the shock is broad-based and deemed severe in
terms of fiscal impact; (b) there is consensus that a concerted international response

211

212
213

A Needs Assessment would: (a) provide, in collaboration with other partners including the WHO, a comprehensive estimate
of overall needs; (b) incorporate impact on countries’ economies and public finances; and (c) reflect on the impact of the
public health emergency on the countries’ medium-/long-term development goals.
For instance, resources available from the country’s IDA portfolio, domestic sources, other external financing sources, and
the amount of resources left in the CRW.
The projected GDP growth decline is assessed using data primarily from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook.

- 131 -

is needed; and (c) the existing IDA allocations of affected countries are deemed
insufficient to provide an adequate response.
b. Crisis Eligibility and Size of Allocation. Eligibility is determined primarily by the
expected impact of the crisis on a country’s GDP:
i.
A year-on-year decline of GDP growth of three percentage points or more is the
threshold to identify the countries that could be eligible for CRW funding (except in
cases of a severe price shock that satisfy the conditions set out in paragraph 9.a.ii
above). This preliminary ringfencing is vetted by an analysis of available fiscal data
and other relevant data in line with the CRW’s objective to protect or mitigate the
impact of the crisis on core spending in the short-term and avoid derailing long-term
development objectives. Based on the results of this analysis, countries where the
crisis did not have a significant fiscal impact could be excluded from CRW eligibility,
even if they did experience a decline in GDP growth of three percentage points or
more.
ii. The allocation framework is based primarily on a fiscal analysis,214 taking into
account the impact on the country, resource needs and availability, the country’s
ability to effectively use resources, and the CRW’s past support to the country
concerned. Country allocations are calculated on a per capita basis to take account
country size, and countries with the greatest impact are likely to receive
proportionately more resources than those with a lower impact. In determining
country allocation(s), consideration is given to including (i) a base allocation to
ensure a meaningful response, particularly for Small States; and (ii) a cap on the
resources allocated to any one country or group of countries;215 such a cap could be
particularly relevant in cases where the same event affects countries or groups of
countries with different lags—to avoid the risk of a first-come first-served approach
that could lead to depletion of finite resources.
iii. Typically, a two-stage approach is adopted in allocating resources where the
bulk of the allocation (that is, at least 75 percent of the expected total) is assigned to
eligible countries in the first round. Allocations may be subsequently adjusted using
the share of resources not allocated at the first stage in light of additional countryspecific information on crisis impact, resources required, and the capacity to mobilize
and effectively use resources. The initial allocation to an individual country may be
subsequently increased by up to 33 percent of the first stage allocation. Management
submits a note to the Board with details of any second stage allocations in advance
of seeking Board approval of projects and programs that will be financed by second
stage allocations.

214

215

The fiscal analysis required to support assessments of country eligibility and the size of the CRW allocation would cover
government revenues, spending, and financing plans to estimate the core development spending at risk, where core
development spending at risk is defined as the amount needed to maintain the pre-existing path of spending on education,
health and operations and maintenance of existing infrastructure, and to maintain or potentially increase spending on safety
nets, depending on the nature of the crisis.
The cap was originally set at five percent of total resources for the pilot CRW. The cap to be set for economic crises thereafter
could vary depending on the number of countries deemed eligible for CRW support.

- 132 -

c. Financing Terms. The terms of financing are the same as those for country allocations to
the country concerned.
d. Coordination with the IMF. Where an economic crisis is caused by external terms of
trade shocks or financial market disruptions, Management will reflect in its assessment the
views of IMF staff on the overall extent and nature of the shock and, to the extent possible,
the impact on the individual countries and relevant information regarding their
macroeconomic policy frameworks, drawing primarily on existing publicly available IMF
report(s). Staff of the Bank and the Fund will collaborate closely on specific country cases.
II. CRW SUPPORT FOR EARLIER RESPONSES TO SLOWER-ONSET EVENTS
10.
Principles. CRW resources may also be used to support earlier responses to slower-onset
events, namely, disease outbreaks and food insecurity. Whereas the devastating effects of suddenonset crises like earthquakes can be observed more quickly and hence galvanize timely resource
mobilization, the impetus to react to slower-onset crises may not be as apparent, especially during
the early stages of such events. CRW early response financing is intended for slower-onset events
which are identified as having the potential to escalate into major crises but are still in the early
stages of progression. Should the event intensify into a severe crisis, countries could potentially
seek additional CRW support as per paragraphs 4 to 9 above. CRW early response financing is
also intended to support and incentivize resilience-building, as the provision of such resources will
be linked to crisis preparedness efforts. Operations financed by the CRW are expected to include,
where feasible, components or features designed to help prevent future crises or mitigate their
economic and social impact—unless covered by other operations.
11.
Country Eligibility. All IDA-eligible countries are eligible for CRW early response
financing, provided that they:
a. have in place a credible preparedness plan216 for disease outbreaks and/or food insecurity
prior to crisis, or develop such a plan subsequently;217 and
b. upon the disease outbreak or food insecurity event materializing, develop a credible costed
response plan which will be assessed as part of the country’s request for CRW early
response financing.
12.
Allocations. CRW resources are allocated only in response to slower-onset events as
described in paragraphs 13 (Disease Outbreaks) and 14 (Food Insecurity).
a. Aggregate Limit. CRW early response financing for both disease outbreaks and food
insecurity is subject to an aggregate cap of US$500 million.
b. Approvals. Requests for CRW early response financing will be approved by the IDA
Board of Executive Directors (IDA Board). Where CRW funds are used for pre-allocated
Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERCs) to enable faster response to disease
216

217

The preparedness plan must set out the operational procedures to respond to and contain a food security crisis or a disease
outbreak. It should be based on an analysis of the country’s and the region’s exposure to food insecurity or disease outbreaks
and address key drivers of risk.
A plan that is developed post-crisis should be consistent with the post-crisis core IDA programming in Annex 10.

- 133 -

outbreaks and/or food insecurity, the IDA Board will—at the time of project approval—
also approve the (i) pre-allocated amount of CRW funds; and (ii) CERC triggers.218 Upon
the CERC triggers being activated, Management will determine the final amount of CRW
funds to be disbursed. Such final amount must not exceed the pre-allocated CRW amount
that has been approved by the IDA Board.
Disease Outbreaks
13.
Disease Outbreaks. CRW resources may be used to support interventions that help
accelerate disease outbreak containment for high-risk outbreaks which pose a significant threat of
spreading within a country or across countries, with potential to cause a large-scale regional
epidemic or global pandemic.
a. Triggers219. CRW early response financing can be accessed only if the disease outbreak:
i.

is due to a pathogen covered in paragraph 13.b.i;

ii.

meets the severity thresholds in paragraph 13.b.ii; and

iii.

passes the technical assessment in paragraph 13.b.iii.

b. Crisis Eligibility.220 Eligibility is determined as follows.
i.
Pathogen Type: Consideration will be given to outbreaks of viral pathogens
with a primary zoonotic reservoir 221 or outbreaks due to deliberate or accidental
release of pathogens previously eliminated from the human population.222 Outbreaks
of non-viral pathogens and pathogens currently endemic in human populations223 are
excluded.224
ii. Severity Thresholds: Two epidemiological criteria are used to justify that an
outbreak has met a minimum level of severity: (a) the number of laboratoryconfirmed cases in the country having reached the pathogen-specific threshold; and
(b) there is evidence that these cases are epidemiologically linked and arise from a
single outbreak of sustained transmission of the pathogen within the human
population—if attributing the source of infection is not feasible, a higher threshold of
laboratory-confirmed case numbers alone is sufficient.225

218
219

220

221
222
223
224
225

The CERC triggers for such projects will need to be in accordance with the CRW early response triggers.
The CRW early response triggers will be finalized by Management before IDA19 implementation in July 2020. In finalizing
the triggers, Management will ensure that CRW funding is channeled to events that would have typically been covered by the
CRW—but at an earlier juncture. The CRW early response will complement other initiatives in the crisis toolkit through use
of the principles of financial layering and differentiation based on the nature of response.
CRW early response coverage would be similar to that currently under the PEF Cash Window. The PEF Cash Window
provides early and rapid funding to support surge responses to disease outbreaks that have the potential of spreading quickly
within and across countries.
These include novel influenza subtypes being transmitted within the human population, coronaviruses and filoviruses.
Currently, smallpox.
Endemicity is defined here as continuous sustained human-to-human transmission of a pathogen in the global human
population.
Examples of excluded pathogens are dengue, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, measles and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Determination of whether an outbreak has reached these epidemiological thresholds will be based on publicly available
epidemiological data published by the WHO (HQ or regional offices) and/or national public health agencies.

- 134 -

iii. Technical Assessment: An event deemed potentially eligible based on
paragraphs 13.b.i and 13.b.ii above will be referred to subject matter experts—the
WHO’s Strategic & Technical Advisory Group for Infectious Hazards (STAGIH) 226 —for a technical assessment. 227 For an outbreak to qualify for CRW early
response financing, this technical assessment must verify: (a) that the outbreak is
driven by human-to-human transmission, in the case that evidence of human-tohuman transmission is available; (b) that the underlying incidence trends suggest
continued growth in the weekly number of newly confirmed cases; and (c) unless the
proposed outbreak response plan submitted by the country has been endorsed by the
WHO, that this proposed plan is consistent with prevailing expert opinions in
specialized agencies such as WHO and is aligned with applicable WHO public health
recommendations relating to the outbreak in question.
c. Size of Allocation. CRW early response financing for disease outbreaks shall be capped at
(on a per country per event228 basis) the lower of US$25 million or the cost of the country’s
outbreak response plan.229 Determination of the actual amount of CRW allocation will take
into account factors such as contributions from external partners and/or the affected
country for outbreak response.230
d. Financing Terms. The terms of financing are the same as those for country allocations to
the country concerned.
Food Insecurity
14.
Food Insecurity. CRW resources may be used to support interventions that help mitigate
worsening food insecurity conditions which pose a significant threat of becoming a large-scale
food insecurity crisis within a country or across countries.
a. Triggers231. CRW early response financing can be accessed only if the food insecurity
event:
i.

is primarily due to the drivers in paragraph 14.b.i;

ii.

meets the severity thresholds in paragraph 14.b.ii; and

iii.

passes the technical assessment in paragraph 14.b.iii.

b. Crisis Eligibility. Eligibility is determined as follows.
i.
Type of Drivers: As food insecurity itself is not covered by the CRW and could
have a variety of causes, CRW early response financing will cover food insecurity
226
227
228
229
230
231

Constituted by WHO to provide independent analysis on infectious hazards that may pose a potential threat to global health
security, STAG-IH members are leaders in the relevant fields of public health and science.
This technical group does not have a decision-making role on the use of CRW early response financing. Such allocations will
be approved by the IDA Board; see paragraph 12.b of this Annex.
“Per event” is defined as an outbreak that is different and unrelated to a past or ongoing outbreak, as determined by the WHO.
See paragraph 11.b and 13.a.iii. Countries need to present a costed response plan to contain the evolving outbreak, and this
plan must be endorsed by the WHO or pass the STAG-IH’s technical assessment.
If such non-CRW resources are forthcoming, the size of the CRW allocation would be reduced correspondingly, unless there
for instance remains a financing gap for the costed response plan.
See fn 210.

- 135 -

events primarily driven by natural disasters, economic shocks and/or public health
threats.232
ii.
Severity Thresholds: A food insecurity event in an eligible country must reach
a minimum level of severity, determined by either: (a) food insecurity thresholds; or
(b) country-specific analyses of risks.
1.

Food Insecurity Thresholds: Food insecurity thresholds will be established
to identify an eligible event which has the potential to become a major food
insecurity crisis. These thresholds serve to provide a consistent risk
measure across countries, where available.

2.

Country-specific Analyses: Alternatively, an event can qualify based on
country-level evidence and established local early warning systems. This
applies particularly when the food insecurity thresholds in paragraph
14.b.ii.1 may not be available for a given country due to a lack of
forecasting information. 233 Additionally, this could apply in situations
when food insecurity thresholds are available but have not been breached,
but local-level indicators234 signal a significant cause for concern.

iii.
Technical Assessment: An event deemed potentially eligible based on
paragraphs 14.b.i and 14.b.ii above will be referred for a technical assessment.235 This
technical assessment must: (a) where the food insecurity thresholds in paragraph
14.b.ii.1 are breached, verify that local food insecurity conditions corroborate the
worsening outlook; (b) where the food insecurity thresholds are not breached (i.e.,
paragraph 14.b.ii.2), provide additional information to help inform the Bank’s decision
on whether CRW early response financing should be deployed; and (c) provide an
assessment of the technical quality of the country’s preparedness and response plans.
c. Size of Allocation. CRW early response financing for food insecurity shall be capped at
the lower of US$50 million per IDA cycle or the cost of the country’s response plan.
Determination of the actual amount of CRW allocation will take into account factors such
as contributions from external partners and/or the affected country for responding to the
food insecurity event.236
d. Financing Terms. The terms of financing are the same as those for country allocations to
the country concerned.

232
233
234

235

236

As per the existing CRW framework, food insecurity primarily driven by political or conflict-related causes are not covered.
For some countries, districts or time periods, there may not be FEWSNET / IPC data and food insecurity forecasts that are
produced or available.
Such information may include disaggregated indicators of food insecurity, e.g., market prices, climate-related indicators and
seasonal outlook assessments for crop and livestock conditions. The indicators would be selected to be consistent with
international standards (including IPC reference tables and IASC Joint Inter-Sectoral Analysis Framework) and to represent
operative common benchmarks of human welfare and livelihoods, such as acute malnutrition and mortality.
This technical assessment will be conducted by subject matter experts in the WB, in consultation with external experts. The
external experts do not have a decision-making role on the use of CRW early response financing. Such allocations will be
approved by the IDA Board; see paragraph 12.b of this Annex.
If such non-CRW resources are forthcoming, the size of the CRW allocation would be reduced correspondingly, unless there
for instance remains a financing gap for the costed response plan.

- 136 -

ANNEX 7: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR
WINDOW
1.
Purpose. The objective of PSW is for IDA, through leveraging International Finance
Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) platforms, to support
mobilizing private sector investment and scaling up growth of a sustainable and responsible private
sector in IDA-only countries and IDA-eligible Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS).
PSW is one of the key instruments available to support IFC and MIGA’s continued expansion in
the most challenging IDA markets.
2.
Activities. Four facilities have been established under PSW to support the following
activities: i) a Blended Finance Facility to blend PSW funds with pioneering IFC investments
across sectors with high development impact, including SMEs, agribusiness, health, education,
affordable housing, infrastructure and climate finance, among others; (ii) a Risk Mitigation Facility
to provide guarantees without sovereign indemnity to crowd-in private investment in infrastructure
projects and public-private partnerships; (iii) a MIGA Guarantee Facility to expand guarantee
coverage through shared first-loss and risk participation akin to reinsurance; and, (iv) a Local
Currency Facility to provide local currency IFC investments in PSW eligible countries where
capital markets are not developed and market solutions are not sufficiently available.
3.
Financing Instruments. Financial support from the PSW is provided through several
instruments including senior and subordinated loans, credit and political risk guarantees, quasiequity and equity (through funded total return swaps), risk sharing facilities, and derivatives. As
established under IDA18, as PSW moves into new markets, IDA Management may propose
additional instruments and tools aligned with PSW objectives, criteria, and financial and risk
parameters to address new conditions and needs. When a new facility or instrument is proposed
under the PSW framework, it is presented to the PSW Secretariat, hosted in DFI, by the institution
(either IFC or MIGA) responsible for implementation of the facility or the instrument, after
ensuring compliance with its own policies and procedures. After the review by the PSW
Secretariat, it is presented to the WBG-wide PSW Oversight Committee to ensure its alignment
with the PSW objectives and criteria. On the IDA side, the financial parameters and risk guidelines
are reviewed and approved by the Bank’s Finance and Risk Committee (FRC), based on
recommendation by its sub-committee, the New Business Committee (NBC). IDA Deputies are
consulted for endorsement, following which, the proposed new facility or instrument are presented
to the Boards of the respective Institution(s) for approval. Transactions supported by a new facility
or instrument are approved by the relevant Boards.
4.
Eligibility criteria. The following eligibility and prioritization criteria drive the selection
of PSW supported projects:
a. Country eligibility—IDA-only and fragile or conflict-affected IDA-gap and Blend
countries, and the list of eligible countries will be confirmed at the beginning of IDA19 for
the duration of the three-year IDA19 period, and adjusted for countries that fall back to
IDA-only or FCS status.237 In addition, countries which have transitioned to IDA gap status
237

To be eligible for MGF, countries also need to be members of MIGA.

- 137 -

or out of FCS status by the end of IDA18 will be eligible to receive PSW support in IDA19.
Furthermore, PSW resources can be used to support regional and/or programmatic
investments where a maximum of 20 percent is invested outside of PSW eligible countries.
On a case by case basis, support to activities in fragile or conflict-affected sub-regions of
non-FCS IDA gap and Blend countries238 may be considered, subject to review by the PSW
Oversight Committee, and approval by the Board in accordance with the PSW governance
process; and facility-specific risk limits;
b. Strategic alignment with IDA’s poverty focus; the IDA special themes; WBG’s country
strategies; and the WBG’s approach to supporting private sector investment and creating
markets;
c. Principles for using concessional finance in private sector operations: 239 economic
rationale for blended concessional finance, crowding-in and minimum concessionality,
commercial sustainability, reinforcing markets, and promoting high standards.
d. Risks borne by PSW, including financial loss as well as other risks (e.g. reputational risks,
environmental and social (E&S) project risks, etc.).
5.
Financing terms: Financing terms will be determined in line with the principles for using
concessional finance as outlined above. Transparent risk-return management will ensure the
establishment of appropriate pricing principles in light of the new risks assumed under PSW, as
articulated in the Board paper. Recognizing the higher risk carried by PSW-enabled transactions,
appropriate approaches established by Management to manage and share various risks will be used
while still enabling high-impact projects in difficult markets. Potential losses associated with the
PSW will be capped at the allocated US$2.5 billion, and the risk management approach will be
adjusted over time based on how the risk of the actual portfolio evolves.
6.
Governance. Governance of the PSW is guided by the following principles: (i)
Accountability through independent decision-making by each institution in line with its unique
mandate and structures, and with the ultimate approval authority for use of PSW resources lying
with the IDA Board of Executive Directors;240 (ii) Oversight through clear reporting and review,
with the recourse to PSW OC in the event of disagreement on PSW use and otherwise, in
accordance with the PSW Oversight Committee Procedure; (iii) Conflict of interest management
through each institution vetting cross-institutional transactions independently, with arrangements
between/among IDA, MIGA and IFC with respect to financing under PSW, negotiated on an arm’s
length basis to ensure fiduciary and institutional duties are not compromised; (iv) fair
compensation through mutually agreed and articulated administration fees, reimbursable costs, and
premiums to ensure IDA, IFC and MIGA are compensated for the risks it assumes while
accounting for the development impact expected from projects through transparent subsidies; and
238
239

240

Sub-national fragility will be determined through a qualitative and quantitative assessment, including more than 25 conflictrelated deaths per year, carried out by the FCV Group.
See Blended Concessional Finance Principles for Private Sector Projects, available at:
https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/corp_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/solutions/products+and+services/blend
ed-finance/blended-finance-principles.
During IDA18, following endorsement from IDA Deputies, IDA Board of Executive Directors vested authority with
Management to process PSW sub-projects under programmatic approaches as a way to promote consistency between IDA
and IFC’s respective Board approval processes.

- 138 -

(v) Operational efficiency through leveraging existing processes to the maximum extent possible
without compromising other governance principles as outlined above; and (vi) transparency and
disclosure of information on PSW-supported projects, in accordance with IFC and MIGA’s
respective information disclosure policies, and complemented by additional information on
expected impacts and subsidies utilized.
7.
Implementation. Implementation of the PSW under IDA19 will be guided by lessons from
IDA18 experience.
a. Allocations. The PSW is established within the IDA19 commitment authority with
allocated IDA resources of US$2.5 billion following the initial pilot under IDA18. Facility
allocations are indicatively set at US$800-900 million for the BFF, US$500-600 million
for both the LCF and the RMF and US$500 million for the MGF reflecting evolving
demand. As under IDA18, Management will retain authority to reallocate resources across
the facilities and will keep the Board of IDA Executive Directors and IDA Participants
apprised of any adjustments.
b. Implementation Support. As under IDA18, IFC and MIGA will be responsible for all
aspects of their respective transactions to be supported by the PSW including the
origination, structuring and management of those transactions, based on the structure of
each of the Facilities— Blended Finance Facility (BFF,) LCF and RMF for IFC, and MGF
for MIGA. Under RMF, MIGA will act as Administrator of the RMF guarantees and IFC
as administrator of the RMF account. All applicable IFC and/or MIGA policies and
procedures (as the case may be) will apply with respect to the use of PSW resources in
support of the relevant IFC and/or MIGA transactions. IDA’s policies and procedures will
not apply.

- 139 -

ANNEX 8: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SCALE UP WINDOW
1.
Purpose. The IDA19 Scale-up Window (SUW) is designed to scale up IDA financing for
high quality, transformational, country-specific and/or regional operations with a strong
development impact. SUW resources are provided in addition to country allocations that countries
receive, making them useful where country allocations are insufficient to support transformational
initiatives.
2.
Country Eligibility. IDA-eligible countries may receive SUW financing as follows, in
alignment with IDA’s forthcoming SDFP and the IMF’s Debt Limit Policy:
a. Countries subject to a Low-Income Country Debt Sustainability Analysis (LIC-DSA).
These countries are eligible only if they are at low or moderate risk of debt distress;
b. Countries not subject to a LIC-DSA. These are considered on a case-by-case basis,
subject to: (i) confirmation of alignment with IDA’s forthcoming Sustainable Development
Financing Policy (SDFP) and the IMF’s Debt Limit Policy;241 and (ii) consultation across
Chief Risk Officer (CRO), Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice (MTIGP), Operations, Policy and Country Services (OPCS), and Development Finance VPU
(DFI).
3.

Allocations
a. Regional Allocations. Resources from the SUW are allocated to each Region in proportion
to the share of country allocations allocated to each Region, excluding countries at high
risk of debt distress.
b. Blend Country Ratios. To appropriately balance SUW resources between Blend countries
and other IDA-eligible countries, SUW financing to Blend countries is limited to their
respective share of country allocations for SUW-eligible countries in the Region.
c. Country Caps. To avoid concentration of SUW resources, annual SUW financing to a
country should not normally exceed its annual country allocation or one third of the
country’s indicative IDA19 country allocation, whatever is larger. However, there is
flexibility for small countries.

4.
Project/Program Prioritization. In addition to the country eligibility criteria set out in
paragraph 2 above, the following criteria are used to select projects/programs.
a. The potential for transformational impact of the proposed project/program.
b. Alignment with WBG goals and IDA policy priorities.
c. Risk of debt distress status of the borrower.
d. The country’s capacity to absorb non-concessional resources.
5.
Financing Terms. IDA19 SUW provides non-concessional financing on International
Bank on Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) lending terms applicable to the count
241

Will be updated with the upcoming Sustainable Development Finance Policy.

- 140 -

ANNEX 9: IMPLEMENTING THE FORTHCOMING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
FINANCE POLICY
1.
This Annex recaps the key features of the forthcoming Sustainable Development
Finance Policy (SDFP), sets forth a set of principles that will guide the implementation of the
policy, and provides information on the implementation timeline.
Basic framework of the policy
2.
The objective of the forthcoming SDFP will be to incentivize countries to borrow
sustainably and to promote collaboration between IDA and other creditors in support of the
countries’ efforts to address their debt-related vulnerabilities. The policy will achieve this
objective by: (i) strengthening IDA recipients’ incentive structures with appropriate accountability
measures and closer operational linkages with country programs; (ii) enhancing collective action
and partnerships among IDA countries, creditors and other development partners; and (iii)
introducing more robust monitoring and accountability measures. The screening system proposed
is forward looking by design – debt-distress risk ratings emerging from Debt Sustainability
Analyses (DSAs) are based on forward-looking analyses of countries’ debt sustainability
prospects, taking into account not only baseline debt projections but also standardized stress tests.
As such they more adequately reflect risks of debt over-accumulation.
3.
In terms of scope, the forthcoming SDFP will cover all IDA-eligible countries,
including IDA-Gap and Blend countries. The previous related policy, the Non-Concessional
Borrowing Policy, focused on the grant-eligible and MDRI recipient countries. The broader scope
responds to heightened debt risks in the context of a changing financing framework and increased
demand for development financing which create challenges for all IDA countries, including Gap
and Blend countries. It also reflects IDA’s broader commitment to ensure that its resources are
used prudently across the entire IDA portfolio.
4.
The policy will be developed in recognition of the multiple drivers of debt
sustainability, using concrete policy actions supported by lending, diagnostics and technical
assistance while also promoting a global partnership that recognizes the primary role of borrower
countries in ensuring debt sustainability. The policy changes helping to achieve the SDFP’s
objective will include broadening the scope of country coverage (see above); further strengthening
the link with the DSA; enhancing public disclosure and transparency; and enhancing creditor
outreach with broader scope and more information sharing, especially among the MDBs.
5.
The forthcoming SDFP will have two pillars. The first pillar is the Debt Sustainability
Enhancement Program (DSEP) that will enhance incentives for countries to move toward
sustainable financing. This will include the clarification of debt reporting requirements to increase
transparency. The second pillar is the Program for Creditor Outreach (PCO) that will facilitate
information sharing, dialogue and coordination among creditors to help mitigate debt-related risk,
building on IDA’s global platform and convening role.

- 141 -

Debt Sustainability Enhancement Program
6.
The forthcoming SDFP will provide incentives for IDA countries to make
improvements on an ongoing basis toward a sustainable borrowing path, recognizing the
impact of exogenous shocks. Countries at moderate, high risk of debt distress or in debt distress
will have access to 100 percent of their core allocations, subject to meeting agreed policy actions
to be implemented on a yearly basis. Incentives will take the form of a share of the country’s
allocation that will be set-aside and released upon satisfactory implementation of the agreed policy
actions of their DSEP, through systematic application to all IDA-eligible countries on an annual
basis. For countries at low risk of debt distress, no annual performance and policy actions will be
set and they will maintain their full allocations. For countries at moderate risk of debt distress, the
set-aside will be 10 percent. For countries at high risk of or already in debt distress, the set-aside
will be 20 percent. With this system:
a. Countries that meet their annual performance and policy actions will maintain their full
allocations for the IDA19 period and subsequent replenishments;
b. Countries at moderate or high risk of debt distress (or already in debt distress) that miss
their annual performance and policy actions may lose their set-aside at the start of the third
year of the IDA19 period, if it is not released before.
7.
Specific performance and policy actions include strengthening (i) fiscal sustainability;
(ii) debt management; and/or (iii) the coverage and timeliness of reporting and public
disclosure of public and publicly guaranteed debt. The performance and policy actions will be
developed in the context of IDA’s country programs, based on diagnostics such as DSAs,
DeMPAs, and Public Finance/Expenditure Reviews. They will be defined sufficiently early in the
fiscal year (FY) to allow progress to be made against them prior to the decision on whether to
release the set-asides. IDA will provide technical assistance to the countries to support
implementation of performance and policy actions, as needed.
8.
Policy and performance actions may include borrowing limits. Borrowing limits, such
as zero ceiling for non-concessional borrowing, have proved to be particularly important for
countries at high risk of debt distress. In addition to being an important benchmark for monitoring
the country’s performance on addressing its debt vulnerabilities, such borrowing limits will be
useful to creditors, thus enhancing debt transparency.242
Program for Creditor Outreach
9.
The PCO implementation will promote stronger collective action among borrowers,
creditors and international development partners. Given the new development finance
landscape, IDA’s efforts to help countries increase capabilities required to address their debtrelated vulnerabilities require cooperation and coordination by all involved, including non-Paris
Club and other non-traditional creditors. The SDFP, through its PCO, will seek to strengthen
coordinated actions by various actors to promote sound economic policies, prudent debt
242

Other examples of policy and performance actions include integrating guarantees into debt management framework,
undertaking and disclosing fiscal risk assessments of SOEs, or enhancing the framework for the evaluation, selection and
execution of public investment projects. Selection of policy actions will be informed by Debt Sustainability Analyses and
Debt Management Performance Assessments among other analytics.

- 142 -

management and sustainable lending practices. In the context of PCO, IDA also envisages that
country-led platforms can bring together different stakeholders, including non-Paris Club
creditors, in order to discuss the implications of financing choices for the country’s development
outcomes and debt sustainability.
10.
PCO will help to enhance transparency regarding macroeconomic indicators, debt
sustainability assessments and other variables relevant to debt vulnerabilities. Transparency
is an integral part of good governance and sustainable development finance and thus is critical.
PCO will also leverage DSEP for the purpose of enhancing debt transparency. Public disclosure
of SDFP Committee decisions and debt-related country information at a user-friendly website in
accordance with the WB Access to Information Policy will help to achieve this.
Implementation Arrangements of the SDFP
11.

The following principles will guide the implementation of the policy:
•

Equity of treatment. The implementation framework will seek to ensure equitable
application of the policy across all IDA countries, including by calibrating performance
and policy actions consistent with country context and capacity, especially for Fragile
and Conflict-affected Situations (FCS) and Small States. By anchoring policies in
country programs, implementation linkages with capacity building initiatives will be
enhanced.

•

Simplicity and predictability. The implementation framework will be presented in a
simple and clear way. It will outline what steps are expected by borrower countries and
by IDA. It will clarify how the set-asides will work for countries receiving Fragility,
Conflict and Violence (FCV) Envelope allocations. Actions will focus on critical areas.
In terms of predictability, countries at high risk of debt distress (or already in debt
distress) could expect that one of the main actions would be linked to debt limits.
Similarly, in countries with weaknesses in debt reporting, actions that support
improved debt reporting could be expected. By keeping the policy actions and SDFP
responses simple and accessible, IDA aims to send clear signals to borrowers and
creditors.

•

Rules-based approach. The implementation framework will include clearly defined
rules, including on monitoring and reporting. For instance, it will clarify instances
under which loan-by-loan considerations will be applied, such as for high return
priority investments and for shocks such as natural shocks. It will also determine
periodicity of reporting for different groups of countries, for instance Small States.

12.
Governance arrangements. The governance arrangements of the forthcoming SDFP will
seek to leverage IDA’s accountability and decision-making framework. These arrangements will
seek to ensure that the performance and policy actions: (i) are informed by sound diagnostics, such
as DSAs, DeMPAs and Public Finance/Expenditure Reviews; (ii) aim to support an ambitious but
realistic pathway toward improved debt management and related challenges; and (iii) are identified
by the WB team in dialogue with the government in question. Country teams will submit their
proposed policy actions for reviews at the regional level. These proposals would then be presented
to the SDFP committee for recommendation, and approval by Senior Management. To ensure

- 143 -

proper oversight, the Board will be regularly informed, including through an annual SDFP
implementation update.
13.
The SDFP Committee. The Committee will be comprised of representatives of corporate
departments whose responsibility is to ensure consistent and robust application of the SDFP. It will
seek to ensure that the policy and performance actions proposed by the Regions are sufficiently
ambitious, comparable across similar countries, and commensurate with the countries’ capacity
and challenges prior to recommending them to Senior Management for approval. The Committee
will also review implementation of the agreed performance and policy actions. Based upon this
review, it will make recommendations regarding the release of the set-aside, and/or adjusting
financial terms, including any potential request for exceptional waivers to Senior Management. It
will also report on the DSEP to the Board and oversee dissemination of information in accordance
with the WB Access to Information Policy.
14.
The forthcoming SDFP will be aligned with IMF’s Debt Limits Policy (DLP). Lessons
from the implementation of the NCBP and DLP will inform specific coordination arrangements.
Implementation Timeline
15.
The SDFP is expected to be presented for Board approval in the third quarter of FY20, in
coordination with the IMF’s review of its DLP. Implementation arrangements will be in place for
application of the policy at the start of IDA19 on July 1, 2020.

- 144 -

ANNEX 10: IDA’S CRISIS PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE TOOLKIT
1.
IDA has developed an extensive crisis toolkit over the years. The toolkit covers different
types of vulnerabilities at various points of the risk continuum—from upstream resilience-building
to post-crisis interventions. 243 Trust funds complement IDA’s work in this area by supporting
analytical products, technical assistance, capacity-building and piloting new solutions. The Global
Crisis Risk Platform 244 (GCRP) was established in 2016 to further galvanize a coherent
institutional approach to crisis risk management, with a focus on addressing cross-border
vulnerabilities and multidimensional risks. 245 Compared to humanitarian actors, IDA’s
comparative advantages are in supporting resilience-building and enabling development responses
to crises—with a focus on integrating crisis risk management into broader development agendas
and country systems. Importantly, a key part of enhancing resilience involves investing in the basic
building blocks of development, such as governance, quality infrastructure, health and education
systems, social protection programs and macroeconomic stability—areas in which IDA has
longstanding experience and expertise. In addition, IDA supports and complements other actors
such as regional risk pools. Overall, the various risk financing tools are part of the broader package
of financial solutions for managing crisis risks. More work remains to galvanize greater financial
protection against crises, and the new Global Risk Financing Facility (GRiF) is an important
partner to this vision. Work on the Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (PEF) and Famine
Action Mechanism (FAM) is underway and the World Bank will continue to explore
complementarities between these initiatives and the IDA toolkit.
2.
IDA clients use the crisis toolkit in different ways across various risk areas. Some gaps
exist in this usage.
a. For natural hazards, IDA financing for Disaster Risk Management is sizable, underpinned
by rising client demand. The bulk of resilience-related activities has been funded by IDA
country allocations. There is a strong orientation toward mainstreaming resilience,
supported by partner initiatives such as the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and
Recovery (GFDRR) and the WB Tokyo Disaster Risk Management Hub. The priorities
ahead are: (i) leveraging resources and mobilizing private capital for resilience; (ii)
promoting more resilient and quality urbanization and infrastructure; (iii) supporting
climate-resilient development; and (iv) improving effectiveness in Fragile and Conflictaffected Situations (FCS).
b. For food insecurity, the key gaps identified include the need to strengthen mid- to longterm investments to tackle the root causes of severe food insecurity and bolster resilience,
as well as to scale up consistent and predictable early action in response to food security
warnings. The Famine Action Mechanism (FAM) seeks to address these challenges by

243
244
245

World Bank, Review of the IDA Crisis Toolkit: Background Note (May 31, 2019). This was presented to IDA Deputies as part
of the June 2019 replenishment meeting.
First established in 2016 as the Global Crisis Response Platform, it was subsequently renamed the Global Crisis Risk Platform
to emphasize a growing institutional focus on prevention and preparedness.
These are risks that span multiple risk types such as macroeconomic shocks, natural disasters, food insecurity, public health
emergencies, and conflict and insecurity.

- 145 -

serving as an umbrella mechanism to help tackle food insecurity across both resilience and
response, in collaboration with partners.
c. For public health emergencies, the IDA Regional Window has been the main vehicle for

supporting disease surveillance, given the incentive of its 1:3 leverage of country
allocations. Many IDA clients have considerable gaps in public health emergency
preparedness and response capacities. Country demand for IDA financing to strengthen
pandemic preparedness has increased since the 2014–15 Ebola crisis but remains relatively
modest. For that crisis, IDA’s CRW provided $420 million to Liberia, Sierra Leone and
Guinea to contain the spread of infections and supported the governments in strengthening
the resilience of their public health systems.
d. Finally, IDA also supports financial preparedness to crises, for instance by integrating
financial resilience into macro-fiscal planning, and by advancing reforms to legal and
regulatory frameworks that are essential for building financial resilience. IDA also offers
contingent financing tools such as Contingent Emergency Response Components (CERCs)
and Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Options (Cat DDOs), and client take-up is
expanding. Moreover, IDA supports and complements other actors such as regional risk
pools and the private sector.
3.
IDA19 will advance the crisis risk management agenda in various ways, with a focus
on further mainstreaming resilience-building. The varied findings across the risk areas in the
Review of the IDA Crisis Toolkit246 call for the IDA19 policy elements to be targeted rather than
broad-based. Importantly, resilience-building is part and parcel of development, and systematic
risk-informed programming of PBA resources will be at the core of IDA’s work on prevention and
preparedness, building on sound risk analytics.
a. In terms of IDA19 policy commitments, under the Governance and Institutions Special
Theme, IDA will support at least 25 IDA countries to strengthen the implementation of
pandemic preparedness plans through interventions. Under the Climate Change Special
Theme, IDA will support at least 25 countries to reduce the risks of climate shocks on
poverty and human capital outcomes, by supporting programs that incorporate Adaptive
Social Protection (ASP) into national systems or reduce climate threats to health.
b. As for IDA financing, the Regional Window can support single-country operations with a
strong focus on prevention of and preparedness for natural disasters and pandemics, where
they might address cross-border spillovers. The CRW will support greater utilization of
CERCs, including through pre-allocated approaches to facilitate quicker deployment of
funds. It will also enhance and make more explicit the linkages between CRW usage and
subsequent programming of country allocations for resilience. Specifically, CRW
recipients will be required to demonstrate a stronger focus on prevention and preparedness
in their post-crisis core IDA programming.247 In IDA19, the CRW will also support earlier
responses to slower-onset crises—namely, disease outbreaks and food insecurity. In
246

World Bank, Review of the IDA Crisis Toolkit: Background Note (May 31, 2019). This was presented to IDA Deputies as part
of the June 2019 replenishment meeting.
247
This is to be reflected in country engagement products, particularly programming documents— CENs, CPFs, and PLRs. The
documents should cite the amount of and rationale for CRW support already provided, lessons learnt and how these inform
the country’s subsequent core programming. The aim is to demonstrate how prevention and preparedness have percolated
beyond CRW-funded operations to broader core programming agendas.

- 146 -

addition, the new Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV) Envelope will provide dedicated
resources to support IDA FCS facing different kinds of FCV risks.
c. IDA is also looking to introduce commodity hedging intermediation to IDA countries
before the end of IDA18. This product will help countries actively manage their fiscal
exposure to commodity prices, broadening IDA’s existing toolkit of risk management
products offered to countries to deal with various risks that may affect their fiscal budgets.
4.
The GCRP will contribute to and complement the IDA19 agenda through analytical
and convening services to support crisis prevention, preparedness and response. The GCRP
will contribute to ensure coherence in crisis risk management approaches across the institution,
including through consistent integration of risks in sector- and country-level programming, and a
systematic focus on incentivizing prevention and preparedness. It will also help raise staff
awareness and uptake of IDA’s crisis risk toolkit and overall crisis risk management approaches.
In addition, the GCRP will support the development of metrics to monitor countries’ progress
toward crisis preparedness, with a proposed approach to be developed by end-FY21. Once these
preparedness metrics are finalized Management will use them to guide IDA’s country
engagements through galvanizing dialogue on their preparedness gaps, and how preparedness may
be improved as part of country and regional programming. Finally, the GCRP will support the
rollout of the new CRW early response financing to slow-onset crises by facilitating technical
assessments for consideration of cases that may warrant such use of CRW funds.

- 147 -

ANNEX 11: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCESSIONAL PARTNER LOAN
FRAMEWORK
1.
This Annex summarizes the final proposed IDA19 Concessional Partner Loan (CPL)
framework which maintains the IDA18 CPL framework while updating (i) the reference period
for the Minimum Grant Equivalent Contribution benchmark and the discount rates, and (ii)
providing new conversion options into eligible non-SDR currencies.
2.
Key IDA19 CPL financing terms, as listed below, are proposed to remain the same as the
IDA18 framework:
a. Final Maturity: of 25 or 40 years.
b. Grace period: The grace period would be 5 years for a 25-year loan or 10 years for a 40year loan.
c. Principal repayment: Principal repayments of concessional loans would begin after the
grace period. At that point, a straight-line amortizing repayment schedule would be applied.
For 25-year credits, principal would amortize at a rate of 5 percent per annum while for
40-year credits, principal would amortize at a rate of 3.3 percent per annum.
d. Coupon/ Interest: IDA concessional loans would have an all-in SDR equivalent coupon of
up to 1 percent248, hereinafter referred to as “maximum coupon rate”. Partners have the
option to provide additional grant resources to buy down the difference between the
maximum coupon rate and the CPL coupon rate if higher. For CPLs where the maximum
coupon rate is negative, Partners have the additional option to provide a CPL with a coupon
rate of 0 percent in the CPL currency and meet the remaining grant element requirement
of the framework by providing a larger volume of CPL.249
e. Prepayment: In order to ensure IDA’s financial sustainability, IDA may prepay the
outstanding balance of the CPL, in whole or in part, without penalty after giving not less
than 12 months’ prior notice.
f. Effectiveness: based on the date on which the loan agreement is signed by both parties and
upon the provision of the full unqualified amount of a coupon equalization grant, as
applicable.
g. Currencies: For pledging purposes, IDA would accept concessional loans in SDRs, or any
one of the SDR basket currencies, namely the US Dollar, Euro, Japanese Yen, British
Pound and Chinese Renminbi. Subsequent to pledging, Partners may also request a
conversion to eligible non-SDR currencies based on criteria agreed.

248
249

The all-in cost may also be achieved by providing additional grants to buy-down the loan coupon rate.
This implies a higher coupon rate than the maximum coupon rate in the CPL currency. Fair treatment across Partners will be
ensured by using the actual coupon rate of the CPL to calculate the loan’s grant element to determine voting rights and
compliance with the minimum grant equivalent contribution benchmark.

- 148 -

h. Drawdown: The concessional loans would be drawn-down in three equal annual
installments over the IDA19 3-year period. Management may agree on a different drawdown schedule with the loan provider as it deems necessary.
3.
Grant Contribution: Partners providing concessional loans in IDA19 are expected to
provide basic grant contributions equal to at least 80 percent of the Minimum Grant Contribution
Benchmark and target the total Grant Equivalent Contribution (which include basic contribution
from grant and grant element of CPLs) to at least their Minimum Grant Contribution Benchmark.
Partners could select their preferred Minimum Grant Contribution Benchmark as 100 percent of
their total Grant Equivalent Contribution based on IDA17 or IDA18, as the Partner prefers. The
Minimum Grant Contribution Benchmark could also be based on the Currency of Pledge, National
Currency or SDR amounts, as the Partner prefers.

4.
Grant Element: As in IDA18, upon receipt of the concessional funding from IDA
Partners, the grant element of the CPLs (which reflect the concessionality of the CPL coupon
relative to the discount rate) will be recognized for voting rights and burden share purposes. The
grant element is a function of the terms of a loan. The terms of the loan determine the cash inflows
and outflows related to the loan and the grant element is effectively the ratio of the present value
of the debt service to the present value of the loan disbursements, which can be expressed with the
formula below:

Where:
DFi = Discount factor at period i, calculated using the discount rate of CPL framework
CFSi = Cash flow from debt service at period i
DFj = Discount factor at period j, calculated using the discount rate of CPL framework
CFDj = Cash flow from loan disbursement at period j

5.
As in IDA18, the currency-specific discount rate under the IDA19 Framework allow
Partners to calculate the grant element in each individual currency. Table A11.1 below lists the
discount rates by currency and by loan terms.250

250

As of March 29, 2019.

- 149 -

Table A11.1: IDA19 Discount rates

USD
EUR
JPY
GBP
CNY
SDR

IDA19 Discount Rates (%)
25-year CPL
40-year CPL
2.97
3.25
1.28
1.63
0.09
0.44
1.74
1.93
4.13
4.61
2.25
2.57

6.
Maximum coupon rates: As in IDA18, the coupon rate for the IDA19 CPLs would be
subject to a maximum coupon rate of 1 percent in SDR. The equivalent maximum coupon rate for
each currency is based on the principle that the grant element generated on CPLs in different
currencies will be equivalent. For example, as shown in the table A11.2 below, a 1 percent SDR
25-year maturity loan will have the same grant element of 14.70 percent as a USD CPL with a
coupon of 1.64 percent; a EUR CPL with a coupon of 0.13 percent; a JPY CPL with a coupon of
-0.95 percent; a GBP CPL with a coupon of 0.54 percent; or a CNY CPL with a coupon of 2.67
percent.
Table A11.2: IDA19 Maximum Coupon Rates and corresponding grant element

USD
EUR
JPY
GBP
CNY
SDR
Grant Element
7.

IDA19 Maximum Coupon Rates (%)
25-year CPL
40-year CPL
1.64
1.55
0.13
0.24
-0.95
-0.75
0.54
0.48
2.67
2.62
1.00
1.00
14.70%

27.17%

Implications of coupon rate lower or higher than maximum coupon rate:
a. As in IDA18, if a Partner provides a CPL with a coupon lower than the maximum coupon
rate in a given currency, it would benefit from a larger grant element compared to providing
a loan at the maximum coupon. For example, a 25-year CPL with a coupon of 0 percent in
SDR would generate a grant element of 26.58 percent as opposed to a 1 percent SDR
coupon generating grant element of 14.70 percent.
b. As in IDA18, if a Partner would like to provide a CPL with a coupon rate higher than the
Maximum Coupon Rate but lower than the Discount Rate 251 in a given currency, the

251

Coupon rates cannot exceed the discount rate in a given currency otherwise the CPL doesn’t generate a grant element.

- 150 -

Partner would be required to compensate for the difference through additional grants to
“buy down” the terms of the CPL to the level of the Maximum Coupon rate.
c. If a Partner makes this additional grant payment up front, the required payment amount
will be calculated based on the present value of the difference in future cash flows between
the original coupon payments and the targeted coupon payments. The same discount rate
in the CPL framework will be used in the present value calculation. The Partner can make
the additional grant payment over several installments only if the CPL has the same
disbursement schedule (which has a maximum period of 3-year) and if the present value of
the additional grant payments is the same as if paying upfront. Table A11.3 illustrates the
additional grant payments required for a buydown of 100bps to meet the maximum coupon
rate in a given currency.
Table A11.3: Additional grant amount required for a buydown of 100bps
to meet the maximum coupon rate
(1,000 million, 25-year CPL)

(1,000 million, 40-year CPL)

Currency

Additional Grant required
upfront in the loan currency
(in million)

Currency

Additional Grant required
upfront in the loan currency
(in million)

USD
EUR
JPY
GBP
CNY
SDR

112
128
141
123
104
119

USD
EUR
JPY
GBP
CNY
SDR

163
197
228
189
140
175

d. As in IDA18, if the Maximum Coupon Rate for a particular currency is negative, in
addition to the option above (i.e., having a higher CPL coupon rate and making up for the
difference in resulting grant element through a “buydown” grant), CPL providers would
have the additional option of providing a CPL with zero percent coupon rate and making
up for the difference in resulting grant element through a larger CPL. In such a scenario, a
zero coupon would mean that the CPL coupon rate would be higher than the maximum 1
percent SDR rate. Fair treatment across Partners will be ensured by using the 0 percent
coupon rate of the CPL to calculate the loan’s grant element to determine voting rights and
compliance with the minimum grant contribution benchmark (aka, “80/20 rule”). See
illustration in the Figure A11.1 below:

- 151 -

Figure A11.1: Illustrative example of how to bridge the difference between
the Maximum Coupon Rate and the CPL coupon rate if higher

8.
Consistent with previous replenishments, IDA requires that Partners provide their
Instruments of Commitment before IDA can sign a CPL agreement with the Partner
country. This requirement is to enhance the fairness between CPL providers and grant providers,
where Instruments of Commitment are required before the grant payment can be received. In
addition, in case a Partner plans to provide additional grant resources to lower the coupon rate on
the CPL, IDA would require the payment of the additional grant by the Partner as a prerequisite
for IDA to accept the disbursement from the CPL. This is to protect IDA from paying a high
borrowing cost on CPL without receiving the related grant payment that ensures the required
concessionality.
9.
Flexibility to provide CPLs in non-SDR currencies: Partners will have some flexibility
to provide CPLs in non-SDR currencies while ensuring financial and risk neutrality to IDA by
using market instruments and ensuring fair and equal treatment among Partners.
10.
To ensure financial and risk neutrality to IDA, Partners who would like to include a
CPL in its pledges will continue to be required to pledge the CPL in one of the SDR
currencies, with grant element calculated based on the published discount rates for the specific
SDR currency, as per the current process. Partners have the option to convert the loan252 into an
eligible non-SDR currency upon signature of the loan agreement.253
11.
The conversion option will be allowed only for currencies that the World Bank
Treasury is able to hedge through the market for the full life of the loan (25 or 40 years). The
eligible254 currencies for IDA19 based on this criterion are Canadian Dollars (CAD), Australian
252
253
254

Or a portion of the loan.
The CPL loan will remain denominated in SDR currency, but sub-tranches can be disbursed and repaid in non-SDR currencies
following conversion.
Given the limited liquidity of the CNY market in long tenors, any conversion from a CPL in CNY into another currency would
be subject to market availability.

- 152 -

Dollars (AUD) and South African Rands (ZAR). CPL loan agreement for the eligible currencies
will include additional legal provisions to enable market-based conversions, applicable market
clauses and the flexibility offered in terms of size and timing in effecting conversions.
12.
The terms of such conversions (amount and coupon rate in the selected non-SDR
currency) will be based on the hedge IDA can execute at prevailing market rates at the time
of conversion with the applicable transaction fees.255 The market conversions will be offered in
a manner that ensures that they don’t entail additional financial risks to IDA.

255

Transaction fees will be aligned with the WB’s methodology for calculating transaction fees to cover for overhead and market
counterparty risk.

- 153 -

ANNEX 12: DOCUMENTS PROVIDED FOR THE IDA19 REPLENISHMENT
November 15, 2018 in Livingstone, Zambia
Foreign Exchange Reference Period for the IDA19 replenishment (November 2018)
April 14-15, 2019 in Washington, D.C. USA
•
•

Debt Vulnerabilities in IDA Countries: Policy Options for IDA19 (March 2019)
IDA Voting Rights: An Interim Roadmap and Defining the Scope Toward of Long-term
Roadmap (April 2019)

June 18-20, 2019 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Special Theme: Climate Change (May 2019)
Special Theme: Gender and Development (May 2019)
Special Theme: Jobs and Economic Transformation (May 2019)
Special Theme: Governance and Institutions (May 2019)
Special Theme: Fragility, Conflict and Violence (May 2019) (May 2019)
The Demand for IDA19 Resources and the Strategy for their Effective Use (May 2019)
Proposal for IDA18 IFC-MIGA Private Sector Window (May 2019)
The IDA19 Results Measurement System (May 2019)
Addressing Debt Vulnerabilities in IDA Countries: Options for IDA19 (June 2019)
IDA19 Financing Framework (May 2019) (Confidential) *

October 21-11, 2019 in Washington, D.C. USA
•
•
•

IDA18: Implementation Status and Proposed Reallocations
Draft of IDA19 Deputies’ Report
Updated IDA19 Operational and Financing Framework (September 2019)
(Confidential)*

December 12-13, 2019 in Stockholm, Sweden
•



Draft of IDA19 Deputies’ Report

These papers were not publicly disclosed as per the World Bank’s Access to Information Policy which
excludes disclosure of papers that contain confidential financial projections.

- 154 -

ANNEX 13: DRAFT IDA19 RESOLUTION
Board of Governors
Additions to Resources: Nineteenth Replenishment
WHEREAS:
(A)
The Executive Directors of the International Development Association (the “Association”)
have considered the prospective financial requirements of the Association and have concluded that
it is desirable to authorize a replenishment of the resources of the Association for new financing
commitments for the period from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2023 (the “Nineteenth Replenishment”)
in the amounts and on the basis set out in the report of the IDA Deputies, “Additions to Resources:
Nineteenth Replenishment,” (the “Report”), approved by the Executive Directors on [_____]
[(modified on [_____]], and submitted to the Board of Governors;
(B)
The members of the Association consider that an increase in the resources of the
Association is required and intend to take all necessary governmental and legislative action to
authorize and approve the allocation of additional resources to the Association in the amounts and
on the conditions set out in this Resolution;
(C)
Members of the Association that contribute resources to the Association in addition to their
subscriptions as part of the Nineteenth Replenishment (“Contributing Members”) are to make
available their contributions pursuant to the Articles of Agreement of the Association (the
“Articles”) partly in the form of subscriptions carrying voting rights and partly as supplementary
resources in the form of contributions not carrying voting rights;
(D)
Additional subscriptions are to be authorized for Contributing Members in this Resolution
on the basis of their agreement with respect to their preemptive rights under Article III, Section
1(c) of the Articles, and provision is made for the other members of the Association (“Subscribing
Members”) intending to exercise their rights pursuant to that provision to do so;
(E)
It is desirable to provide for a portion of resources to be contributed by members to be
paid to the Association as advance contributions;
(F)
Additional subscriptions and contributions are to be authorized for Contributing Members
to provide compensation for the Association’s debt forgiveness commitments under the HIPC Debt
Initiative; and to reflect the grant element of concessional loans made by Contributing Members
to the Association;
(G)
The Executive Directors of the Association have authorized the borrowing of concessional
loans from Contributing Members (each a “Concessional Partner Loan”) (CPL) in the currencies
and on the terms and conditions as approved by the Executive Directors and it is intended that the
grant element of the CPLs will form part of the Contributing Member’s subscriptions and
contributions hereunder;

- 155 -

(H)
It is desirable to authorize the Association to provide financing in the form of grants,
guarantees, equity investments, and the intermediation of risk management products in addition to
loans; and
(I)
It is desirable to administer any remaining funds from the replenishment authorized by
Resolution No. [•] of the Board of Governors of the Association (the “Eighteenth Replenishment”)
as part of the Nineteenth Replenishment.
NOW THEREFORE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS HEREBY ACCEPTS the Report as
approved by the Executive Directors, NOTES its conclusions and recommendations AND
RESOLVES THAT a general increase in subscriptions of the Association is authorized on the
following terms and conditions:
1.

Authorization of Subscriptions and Contributions.
(a)

The Association is authorized to accept additional resources from each
Contributing Member in the amounts and in the currencies specified for each such
member in Columns 5, 6, 7, 9, and 11 of Table 1a-SDR attached to this Resolution,
and each such amount will be divided into a subscription carrying voting rights and
a contribution not carrying voting rights as specified in Table 2 attached to this
Resolution.
(i)

As part of the resources described in paragraph 1(a) above, the Association
is authorized to accept additional subscriptions and contributions from
Contributing Members to compensate the Association for the Association’s
debt forgiveness commitments under the HIPC Debt Initiative in the
amounts and as specified in Column 9 of Table 1a-SDR attached to this
Resolution.

(ii)

As part of the resources described in paragraph 1(a) above, the Association
is authorized to accept additional subscriptions and contributions from
Contributing Members to finance arrears clearance operations in the amount
and as specified in Column 11 of Table 1a-SDR attached to this Resolution.

(ii)

As part of the resources described in paragraph 1(a) above, the Association
is authorized to accept additional subscriptions and contributions from
Contributing Members reflecting the grant element of a CPL in the amounts
and currencies specified in Column 6 of Table 1a-SDR attached to this
Resolution.

(b)

The Association is authorized to accept additional resources from any member for
which no contribution is specified in Table 2 and additional subscriptions and
contributions from Contributing Members incremental to the amounts specified for
each such member in Tables 1a and 1b.

(c)

The Association is authorized to accept additional subscriptions from each
Subscribing Member in the amount specified for each such member in Table 2.

- 156 -

(d)

2.

The rights and obligations of the Association and the Contributing Members in
respect of the authorized subscriptions and contributions in paragraphs (a) and (b)
above will be the same (except as otherwise provided in this Resolution) as those
applicable to the ninety percent portion of the initial subscriptions of original
members payable under Article II, Section 2(d) of the Articles of Agreement (the
“Articles”) by members listed in Part I of Schedule A of the Articles.

Agreement to Pay.
(a)

(b)

3.

When a Contributing Member agrees to pay its subscription and contribution, or a
Subscribing Member agrees to pay its subscription, it will deposit with the
Association an Instrument of Commitment substantially in the form set out in
Attachment I to this Resolution (“Instrument of Commitment”) and with respect to:
i.

its contribution for debt forgiveness under the HIPC Debt Initiative, a
Contributing Member will either include such contribution in an Instrument
of Commitment or make a Debt Relief Transfer Contribution, as defined
and specified in paragraph 9(a) of this Resolution; and

ii.

a CPL, a Contributing Member will enter into written agreement(s) in such
form as may be acceptable to the Association.

When a Contributing Member agrees to pay a part of its subscription and
contribution without qualification and the remainder is subject to enactment by its
legislature of the necessary appropriation legislation, it will deposit (other than in
respect of the grant element of a CPL) a qualified Instrument of Commitment in a
form acceptable to the Association (“Qualified Instrument of Commitment”) and
such member:
(i)

undertakes to exercise its best efforts to obtain legislative approval for the
full amount of its subscription and contribution by the payment dates set out
in paragraph 3(b) of this Resolution; and

(ii)

agrees that, upon obtaining such approvals, it will notify the Association
that any parts of its Qualified Instrument of Commitment have become
unqualified.

Payment.
(a)

Each Subscribing Member will pay to the Association the amount of its
subscription in full within 31 days after the date of deposit of its Instrument of
Commitment; provided that if the Nineteenth Replenishment shall not have become
effective by December 15, 2020, payment may be postponed by the member for not
more than 31 days after the Effective Date as defined in paragraph 6(a) of this
Resolution.

(b)

Each Contributing Member that deposits an Instrument of Commitment that is not
a Qualified Instrument of Commitment will pay to the Association the amount of
its subscription and contribution in three equal annual installments no later than 31

- 157 -

days after the Effective Date or as agreed with the Association, January 15, 2022,
and January 15, 2023; provided that:

4.

(i)

the Association and each Contributing Member may agree to earlier
payment;

(ii)

if the Nineteenth Replenishment shall not have become effective by
December 15, 2020, payment of the first such installment may be postponed
by the member for not more than 31 days after the date on which the
Nineteenth Replenishment becomes effective;

(iii)

the Association may agree to the postponement of any installment, or part
thereof, if the amount paid, together with any unused balance of previous
payments by the Contributing Member concerned, is at least equal to the
amount estimated by the Association to be required from that member up to
the due date of the next installment for purposes of disbursements for
financing committed under the Nineteenth Replenishment; and

(iv)

if any Contributing Member deposits an Instrument of Commitment with
the Association after the date when the first installment of the subscription
and contribution is due, payment of any installment, or part thereof, will be
made to the Association within 31 days after the date of such deposit.

(c)

If a Contributing Member has deposited a Qualified Instrument of Commitment
and, upon enactment of appropriation legislation, notifies the Association that an
installment, or part thereof, is unqualified after the date when it was due, then
payment of such installment, or part thereof, will be made within 31 days after the
date of such notification.

(d)

Each Contributing Member that makes a contribution through the grant element of
a CPL will pay to the Association the amount of the Loan in three equal annual
installments no later than 31 days after the Effective Date, January 15, 2022, and
January 15, 2023 or as agreed with the Association.

Mode of Payment.
(a)

(b)

Payments pursuant to this Resolution will be made, at the option of the member:
(i)

in cash, on terms agreed between the member and the Association; or

(ii)

by the deposit of notes or similar obligations issued by the government of
the member or the depository designated by such member, which shall be
nonnegotiable, non-interest bearing and payable at their par value on
demand to the account of the Association.

The Association will encash notes or similar obligations of Contributing Members,
on an approximately pro rata basis among Partners, in accordance with the
encashment schedule set out in Attachment II to this Resolution, or as agreed
between a Contributing Member and the Association. With respect to a

- 158 -

Contributing Member that is unable to comply with one or more encashment
requests, the Association may agree with the member on a revised encashment
schedule that yields at least an equivalent value to the Association.
(c)
5.

6.

The provisions of Article IV, Section 1(a) of the Articles will apply to the use of a
Subscribing Member's currency paid to the Association pursuant to this Resolution.

Currency of Denomination and Payment.
(a)

Contributing Members will denominate the resources to be made available pursuant
to this Resolution in SDRs, the currency of the member if freely convertible, or,
with the agreement of the Association, in a freely convertible currency of another
member, except that if a Contributing Member's economy experienced a rate of
inflation in excess of ten percent per annum on average in the period 2016-2018, as
determined by the Association, its subscription and contribution will be
denominated in SDRs or in any currency used for the valuation of the SDR and
agreed with the Association. Subscribing Members will denominate the resources
to be made available pursuant to this Resolution in the currency of the member or
in a freely convertible currency with the agreement of the Association.

(b)

Contributing Members will make payments pursuant to this Resolution in SDRs, a
currency used for the valuation of the SDR, or, with the agreement of the
Association, in another freely convertible currency, and the Association may freely
exchange the amounts received as required for its operations. Subscribing Members
will make payments in the currency of the member or in a freely convertible
currency with the agreement of the Association.

(c)

Each member will maintain, in respect of its currency paid by it under this
Resolution, and the currency of such member derived therefrom as principal,
interest or other charges, the same convertibility as existed on the effective date of
this Resolution.

(d)

The provisions of Article IV, Section 2 of the Articles with respect to maintenance
of value will not be applicable.

(e)

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, a Contributing
Member that makes a contribution through the grant element of a CPL will
denominate and make payment of such CPL in SDRs or any other currencies
approved by the Executive Directors and as defined in their respective loan
agreements.

Effective Date.
(a)

The Nineteenth Replenishment will become effective and the resources to be
contributed pursuant to this Resolution will become payable to the Association on
the date (the "Effective Date") when Contributing Members whose subscriptions
and contributions aggregate not less than SDR 10,128 million shall have deposited
with the Association Instruments of Commitment, Qualified Instruments of
Commitment, Debt Relief Transfer Notifications (as defined in paragraph 9(b) of

- 159 -

this Resolution) or duly executed concessional loan agreements to provide the
CPLs, provided that this date shall be not later than December 15, 2020, or such
later date as the Executive Directors of the Association may determine.

7.

(b)

If the Association determines that the availability of additional resources pursuant
to this Resolution is likely to be unduly delayed, it shall convene promptly a
meeting of the Contributing Members to review the situation and to consider the
steps to be taken to prevent a suspension of financing to eligible recipients by the
Association.

(c)

In order to avoid an interruption in the Association’s ability to commit financing
to eligible recipients pending the effectiveness of the Nineteenth Replenishment,
the Association may deem, prior to the Effective Date, to use one third of the
agreed Replenishment amount.

Advance Contributions.
(a)

In order to avoid an interruption in the Association's ability to commit financing to
eligible recipients pending the effectiveness of the Nineteenth Replenishment, the
Association may deem, prior to the Effective Date, one third of the total amount of
each subscription and contribution for which
(i)

an Instrument of Commitment has been deposited with the Association;

(ii)

a Debt Relief Transfer Notification (as defined in paragraph 9(b) of this
Resolution) has been received by the Association; or

(iii)

a duly executed concessional loan agreement for a CPL has been received
by the Association;

as an “Advance Contribution”, unless the Contributing Member specifies otherwise
in its Instrument of Commitment, Debt Relief Transfer Notification or concessional
loan agreement for a CPL.
(b)

The Association shall specify when Advance Contributions pursuant to paragraph
7(a) are to be paid to the Association.

(c)

The terms and conditions applicable to contributions to the Nineteenth
Replenishment shall apply also to Advance Contributions until the Effective Date,
when such contributions shall be deemed to constitute payment toward the amount
due from each Contributing Member for its subscription and contribution.

(d)

In the event that the Nineteenth Replenishment shall not become effective pursuant
to paragraph 6(a) of this Resolution, (i) voting rights will be allocated to each
member for the Advance Contribution as if it had been made as a subscription and
contribution under this Resolution, and (ii) each member not making an Advance
Contribution will have the opportunity to exercise its preemptive rights under

- 160 -

Article III, Section 1(c) of the Articles with respect to such subscription as the
Association shall specify.
8.

9.

Authority to Use Subscription and Contributions.
(a)

Subscriptions and contributions will become available for use by the Association
for financing to eligible recipients upon receive of the Instruments of Commitment
and after the Effective Date, provided that Advance Contributions may become
available earlier under paragraph 7(a) of this Resolution.

(b)

Any qualified part of a subscription and contribution notified under a Qualified
Instrument of Commitment will become available for use by the Association for
financing when the Association has been notified, pursuant to paragraph 2(b) (ii)
of this Resolution, that such parts have become unqualified.

(c)

The Association may enter into financing commitments with eligible recipients
conditional on such commitments becoming effective and binding on the
Association when resources under the Nineteenth Replenishment become available
for commitment by the Association.

HIPC and Arrears Clearance Contributions.
(a)

Contributing Members making an additional subscription and contribution to
compensate the Association for forgiveness of debt under the HIPC Debt Relief
Initiative or to finance arrears clearance operations, will do so either: (i) through an
additional subscription and contribution to the Association’s regular resources (a
“Debt Relief Additional Contribution”) or (ii) through a creditor-specific
contribution for the benefit of the Association to the HIPC window or arrears
clearance window of the Debt Relief Trust Fund (“Debt Relief Transfer
Contribution”).

(b)

Contributing Members making a Debt Relief Transfer Contribution will either (i)
enter into a Contribution Agreement with the Association as administrator of the
Debt Relief Trust Fund; or (ii) for Contributing Members that are already current
contributors to the Debt Relief Trust Fund, send to the Association a notice of
additional contribution or allocation to the appropriate window of the Debt Relief
Trust Fund (each a “Debt Relief Transfer Notification”). Such Debt Relief Transfer
Notification will provide for a contribution to be made to the appropriate window
of the Debt Relief Trust Fund in the amount set forth in Columns 9 and 11 of Table
1a-SDR to this Resolution, to be payable in three equal annual installments no later
than 31 days after the Effective Date, January 15, 2022, and January 15, 2023;
provided that the Association and each Contributing Member may agree to earlier
payment.

(c)

When any amount of a Debt Relief Transfer Contribution is paid to compensate the
Association for forgiveness of debt under the HIPC Debt Initiative or to finance
arrears clearance operations, such amount of the Debt Relief Transfer Contribution
will be treated as a subscription and contribution under the Nineteenth
Replenishment.

- 161 -

10.

Authorization of Grants, Guarantees, Equity Investments and Risk Intermediation.
The Association is hereby authorized to provide financing under the Nineteenth
Replenishment in the form of grants and guarantees, equity investments and through the
intermediation of risk management products.

11.

Administration of IDA18 Funds under the Nineteenth Replenishment.

12.

(a)

On the Effective Date, any funds, receipts, assets and liabilities held by the
Association under the Eighteenth Replenishment will be administered under the
Nineteenth Replenishment, subject, as appropriate, to the terms and conditions
applicable to the Eighteenth Replenishment.

(b)

Pursuant to Article V, Section 2(a) (i) of the Articles of Agreement of the
Association, the Association is authorized to use the funds referred to in paragraph
11(a) above, and funds derived therefrom as principal, interest or other charges, to
provide financing in the forms of grants, guarantees and equity investments under
the terms, conditions and policies applicable under the Nineteenth Replenishment.

Allocation of Voting Rights under Nineteenth Replenishment. Voting rights calculated
on the basis of the current voting rights system will be allocated to members for
subscriptions under the Nineteenth Replenishment as follows:
(a)

Each Subscribing Member that has deposited with the Association an Instrument
of Commitment will be allocated the subscription votes specified for each such
member in Table 2 on the effective payment date pursuant to paragraph 3(a) of this
Resolution. Each Subscribing Member will be allocated the additional membership
votes specified in Column c-3 of Table 2 on the date such member is allocated its
subscription votes.

(b)

Each Contributing Member that has deposited with the Association an Instrument
of Commitment (other than in respect of the grant element of a CPL) will be
allocated one third of the subscription votes specified for each such member in
Table 2 on each effective payment date pursuant to paragraph 3(b) of this
Resolution. Each Contributing Member will be allocated the additional
membership votes specified in Column b-3 of Table 2 for its subscription on the
date such member is allocated the first one third of its subscription votes.

(c)

Each Contributing Member that has made a Debt Relief Transfer Contribution will
be allocated a proportionate share of the subscription votes specified for such
member in Column b-2 of Table 2 from time to time and at least semi-annually
following payment of any amount of its Debt Relief Transfer Contribution to
compensate the Association for forgiveness of debt under the HIPC Debt Initiative
or to finance arrears clearance operations.

(d)

Each Contributing Member that has provided a CPL in the amount provided in
Table 1b will be notified by the Association of the grant element determined by the
Association with respect to the CPL and will be allocated, in respect of such grant
element, a proportionate share of the subscription votes specified for such member

- 162 -

in Column b-2 of Table 2 from time to time following payment to the Association
of the CPL.
(e)

Each member that has deposited with the Association a Qualified Instrument of
Commitment will be allocated subscription votes at the time and to the extent of
payments made in respect of its subscription and contribution.

(f)

Any member that deposits its Instrument of Commitment after any of these dates
will be allocated, within 31 days of the date of such deposit, the subscription votes
to which such member is entitled on account of such deposit.

(g)

If a member fails to pay any amount of its subscription or subscription and
contribution when due, or fails to pay when due any amount of (or due in connection
with) a CPL, the number of subscription votes allocated from time to time to such
member under this Resolution in respect of the Nineteenth Replenishment will be
reduced in proportion to the shortfall in the net present value of such payments, but
any such votes will be reallocated when the shortfall in the net present value of such
payments causing such adjustment is subsequently made up.

- 163 -

Table 1a-SDR. Grant and Grant Equivalent Contributions to the Nineteenth Replenishment
(Contribution Amounts in SDR millions)
Total Donor Contributions

Basic Contribution
Supplemental
of which
Contribution
Grant
Grant Element of
Concessional loan

Contributing Members

Share 6/
(1)

Amount
(2)

Share 7/
(3)

Amount
(4)

Amount
(5)

Angola
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belgium
Botswana
Canada
China
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Kuwait
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Nigeria
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

0.01%
0.02%
1.07%
1.51%
0.02%
1.57%
0.01%
3.45%
3.72%
0.02%
0.05%
1.07%
0.00%
0.02%
0.01%
0.39%
5.06%
5.62%
0.03%
0.06%
0.04%
0.67%
0.09%
0.35%
0.08%
2.05%
10.00%
1.40%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.21%
0.03%
0.06%
2.93%
0.11%
1.10%
0.09%
0.02%
0.06%
0.04%
1.24%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
1.01%
3.02%
2.12%
0.02%
0.04%
12.07%
9.31%

3.25
3.61
250.01
352.88
3.61
365.31
1.45
803.61
867.57
4.67
12.25
250.41
0.72
4.20
3.25
91.84
1,179.17
1,309.84
7.30
13.99
9.01
155.62
21.69
82.45
18.84
478.78
2,332.42
326.54
46.15
3.13
3.81
49.56
6.51
14.97
682.89
26.34
257.16
19.95
4.05
14.61
9.66
289.19
46.65
2.33
4.46
9.35
236.69
703.88
493.79
3.69
9.57
2,814.99
2,171.95

0.01%
0.01%
1.05%
1.54%
0.02%
1.56%
0.01%
3.42%
3.85%
0.02%
0.05%
1.07%
0.00%
0.02%
0.01%
0.38%
5.00%
5.41%
0.03%
0.06%
0.04%
0.68%
0.09%
0.36%
0.08%
1.99%
9.79%
1.40%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.21%
0.03%
0.06%
2.87%
0.11%
1.08%
0.09%
0.02%
0.06%
0.04%
1.27%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.98%
3.02%
2.11%
0.02%
0.04%
12.10%
8.93%

3.25
2.01
237.11
346.00
3.61
351.61
1.45
770.45
866.77
4.51
11.76
240.71
0.72
4.12
3.17
86.55
1,126.14
1,218.77
6.89
13.51
8.77
152.89
21.28
80.84
17.96
448.34
2,204.26
315.33
44.96
3.05
3.73
48.03
5.88
14.58
646.49
25.30
243.70
19.95
3.78
14.37
9.36
285.75
45.49
2.25
4.23
8.63
220.74
680.73
475.37
3.57
9.57
2,725.35
2,010.79

3.25
2.01
237.11
346.00
3.61
244.33
1.45
686.24
866.77
4.51
11.76
240.71
0.72
4.12
3.17
86.55
1,126.14
1,218.77
6.89
13.51
8.77
152.89
21.28
80.84
17.96
448.34
2,204.26
315.33
44.96
3.05
3.73
48.03
5.88
14.58
646.49
25.30
243.70
19.95
3.78
14.37
9.36
285.75
45.49
2.25
4.23
8.63
220.74
680.73
475.37
3.57
9.57
2,725.35
2,010.79

107.28
84.21
-

13.41
-

16,104.46

15,912.97

191.49

13.41

1/
1/
1/
1/

1/
3/
1/
1/ 3/
3/
1/
3/

1/
1/
1/
1/
1/ 3/
3/
1/
3/
4/
1/

1/
1/

3/

1/
1/
1/
1/

Sub-total Contributing Members
Non-Members
Bahrain
Bulgaria
Uruguay

5/
5/
5/

16,879.61
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%

0.87
2.19
1.45

Sub-total Non-Members

4.50

Additional financing 2/

97.07

Total

16,981.19

Amount
(6)

Amount
(7)

HIPC Costs

Share 8/
(8)
0.00%
0.20%
1.61%
0.86%
0.00%
1.71%
0.00%
4.14%
0.10%
0.02%
0.06%
1.21%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.66%
6.62%
11.37%
0.05%
0.06%
0.03%
0.34%
0.05%
0.20%
0.11%
3.80%
16.00%
1.40%
0.15%
0.01%
0.01%
0.19%
0.08%
0.05%
2.87%
0.13%
1.68%
0.00%
0.03%
0.03%
0.04%
0.43%
0.14%
0.01%
0.03%
0.09%
1.99%
2.89%
2.30%
0.01%
0.00%
11.19%
20.12%

Amount
(9)
1.32
10.56
5.64
11.21
27.16
0.66
0.13
0.40
7.94
0.07
0.06
4.33
43.43
74.58
0.34
0.39
0.20
2.23
0.34
1.31
0.72
24.93
104.96
9.18
0.97
0.06
0.06
1.25
0.51
0.32
18.83
0.85
11.02
0.22
0.19
0.24
2.82
0.95
0.06
0.19
0.59
13.06
18.96
15.09
0.09
73.41
131.99
623.83

Arrears Clearance

Share 8/
(10)
0.00%
0.20%
1.61%
0.86%
0.00%
1.71%
0.00%
4.14%
0.10%
0.02%
0.06%
1.21%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.66%
6.62%
11.37%
0.05%
0.06%
0.03%
0.34%
0.05%
0.20%
0.11%
3.80%
16.00%
1.40%
0.15%
0.01%
0.01%
0.19%
0.08%
0.05%
2.87%
0.13%
1.68%
0.00%
0.03%
0.03%
0.04%
0.43%
0.14%
0.01%
0.03%
0.09%
1.99%
2.89%
2.30%
0.01%
0.00%
11.19%
20.12%

Amount
(11)
0.29
2.33
1.25
2.48
6.00
0.14
0.03
0.09
1.75
0.01
0.02
0.96
9.60
16.49
0.07
0.09
0.04
0.49
0.07
0.29
0.16
5.51
23.20
2.03
0.21
0.02
0.02
0.28
0.12
0.07
4.16
0.19
2.44
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.62
0.21
0.02
0.04
0.13
2.89
4.19
3.33
0.02
16.23
29.17
137.91

- 164 1/ Indicative contribution, subject to government and/or parliamentary approval.
2/ Represents the investment income generated by using a regular encashment profile of 9 years.
3/ Includes an increase in basic share achieved through accelerated encashments.
4/ Includes supplemental contributions provided through accelerated encashments.
5/ Not a Member of IDA, but is associating themselves with IDA19 by providing resources for purposes, and on terms to be agreed
separately between IDA and the donor.
6/ Total shares are calculated using the target amount of SDR 23,324.23 million. Partners' total shares do not add to 100 percent,
resulting in a structural gap of 27 percent.
7/ Basic shares are calculated using the target amount of SDR 22,523.23 million.
8/ HIPC and arrears clearance contributions are calculated by applying HIPC shares agreed by Partners in the past replenishments,
unless otherwise indicated by an individual Partner, to the total HIPC cost for IDA19 of SDR 656.00 million and the total IDA19
target contribution for arrears clearance of SDR 145.00 million respectively.

- 165 -

Table 1a-CoC. Grant and Grant Equivalent Contributions to the Nineteenth Replenishment
(Contribution Amounts in Currency of Contribution (CoC), millions)
Total Donor Contributions

Currency
of Contribution 3/
(1)

Amount 4/
(2)

1/
1/

USD
USD
AUD
EUR
USD
EUR
USD
CAD
USD
CNY
EUR
EUR
DKK
USD
USD
EUR
EUR
USD
EUR
EUR
HUF
ISK
INR
USD
EUR
ILS
EUR
JPY
KRW
KWD
EUR
EUR
EUR
USD
USD
EUR
NZD
NOK
USD
USD
EUR
EUR
USD
USD
EUR
EUR
ZAR
EUR
SEK
USD
THB
USD
GBP
USD

4.50
5.00
499.18
433.81
5.00
317.97
2.00
1,324.37
8,223.27
5.76
15.09
2,303.38
1.00
5.81
3.85
114.00
1,631.00
1,607.92
9.00
5,568.09
1,468.75
15,000.00
30.00
101.60
93.20
590.00
352,479.68
528,478.56
19.41
3.73
4.50
61.07
9.00
20.00
825.00
54.93
3,089.68
27.60
5.60
18.00
11.90
400.00
64.52
2.87
5.50
179.32
291.67
9,200.00
683.00
159.91
13.24
3,062.00
3,004.20

2/
2/
2/

USD
EUR
USD

1.20
2.70
2.00

Contributing Members
Angola
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belgium
Botswana
Canada
China
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Kuwait
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Nigeria
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Non-Members
Bahrain
Bulgaria
Uruguay

1/
1/
1/
1/ 5/
1/

1/

1/
1/
1/

1/
1/
1/
1/
1/

1/

1/
1/

1/
1/

Acceleration
Credit
Amount
(3)
1.05
0.16
6.20
61.68
0.13
0.19
0.71
16.52
7.53
-

Basic Contribution Supplemental
Contribution
Grant Element of
Concessional Loan
Amount
(4)
132.20
116.48
-

Amount 4/
(5)
4.50
2.78
473.60
425.32
5.00
301.09
2.00
1,263.32
8,215.68
5.56
14.49
2,214.23
1.00
5.70
3.75
107.48
1,557.65
1,495.69
8.49
5,376.87
1,427.95
14,737.31
29.43
99.62
88.84
552.49
333,111.93
510,329.56
18.91
3.63
4.41
59.19
8.14
19.46
796.67
52.76
2,928.00
27.60
5.23
17.71
11.53
395.24
62.92
2.77
5.21
164.91
272.02
8,897.44
657.52
154.97
13.24
2,964.50
2,781.29

HIPC Costs

Arrears
Clearance

FX Rates

Amount 4/
(6)

Amount 4/
(7)

Amount 4/
(8)

(SDR/CoC)
(9)

-

1.82
20.95
6.95
13.82
50.00
6.22
0.16
0.49
73.01
0.09
0.08
5.34
60.07
91.91
0.42
156.60
33.41
215.14
0.47
1.62
3.57
30.72
15,861.73
14,863.60
0.41
0.08
0.07
1.54
0.70
0.44
23.20
1.78
132.41
0.30
0.24
0.30
3.90
1.31
0.08
0.24
11.80
16.09
247.79
20.87
4.05
79.85
182.56

0.40
4.63
1.54
3.06
11.05
1.37
0.04
0.11
16.14
0.02
0.02
1.18
13.28
20.32
0.09
34.62
7.39
47.55
0.10
0.36
0.79
6.79
3,506.02
3,285.40
0.09
0.02
0.02
0.34
0.16
0.10
5.13
0.39
29.27
0.07
0.05
0.07
0.86
0.29
0.02
0.05
2.61
3.56
54.77
4.61
0.89
17.65
40.35

1.38318
1.38318
1.98403
1.23230
1.38318
1.23230
1.38318
1.84094
1.38318
9.47855
1.23230
1.23230
9.19859
1.38318
1.38318
1.23230
1.23230
1.38318
1.23230
1.23230
397.87359
169.78273
96.38876
1.38318
1.23230
4.94639
1.23230
151.12168
1,618.42291
0.42063
1.23230
1.23230
1.23230
1.38318
1.38318
1.23230
2.08510
12.01475
1.38318
1.38318
1.23230
1.23230
1.38318
1.38318
1.23230
1.23230
19.99335
1.23230
13.07044
1.38318
43.35795
1.38318
1.08775
1.38318
1.38318
1.23230
1.38318

- 166 1/ Indicative contribution, subject to government and/or parliamentary approval.
2/ Not a Member of IDA, but is associating themselves with IDA19 by providing resources for purposes, and on terms to be agreed
separately between IDA and the donor.
3/ Contributions of countries with an average inflation rate exceeding 10 percent over the 2016-2018 period would be denominated in
SDRs or in any currency used for the valuation of the SDR and agreed with the association.
4/ The amounts in currency of contribution (CoC) exclude individual acceleration credits (when applicable) and grant elements of
concessional loan (when applicable), both of which are included in the SDR amounts. The equivalent (CoC) amount of any individual
acceleration credit or grant element of concessional loan is shown separately in columns 3 and 4 respectively.
5/ Canada's contribution comprises grant and grant element of concessional loan. Grant element was calculated in USD, based on the
currency of the concessional loan pledged by Canada.

- 167 -

Table 1b. Concessional Loan Contributions to the Nineteenth Replenishment

Loan amount

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Loan terms
Coupon rate in
Maturity
loan currency
terms
(5)
(6)

Belgium

1/

337.67

EUR

1.23230

416.11

10-40

0.00%

107.28

132.20

Canada

1/ 2/

455.47

USD

1.38318

630.00

5-25

1.20%

84.21

116.48

Contributing members

SDR Million

Currency

FX

Currency
Million

1/ Indicative contribution, subject to government and/or parliamentary approval.
2/ Concessional loan is pledged in USD, with an option to convert the loan to CAD per IDA19 CPL framework

Grant element from loan
SDR Million

Currency
Million

(7)

(8)

- 168 Table 2. Subscriptions, Contributions, and Votes
(amounts in US$)
Part I

Additional Votes Stemming from
IDA19

Current Status (before IDA19)
Subscriptions
Carrying Votes
($)
(a-1)

Member
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
CANADA
DENMARK
ESTONIA
FINLAND
FRANCE
GERMANY
GREECE

Contributions
($)
(a-2)

Total Cumulative Subscription Membership
Resources ($)
Votes
Votes
(a-3)
(a-4)
(a-5)

Total
Voting
Power %
(a-6)

Total
Resources ($)
(b-1)

Total
Subscription
Votes
(b-2)

Status Including IDA19

Membership Total Cumulative
Votes
Resources ($)
(b-3)
(d-1)

Adjusted Voting Power

as % of
Part I
(d-2)

Subscription
Carrying
Votes ($)
(d-3)

Contributions
($)
(d-4)

Subscription
Votes
(f-1)

as % of
Part I.
(f-2)

Membership
Votes
(f-3)

Total
Votes
(f-4)

Total
Voting
Power %
(f-5)

32,723,202

5,378,674,753

5,411,397,955

318,338

57,500

1.14%

347,840,079

7,595

2,500

5,759,238,034

2.05%

32,913,077

5,726,324,957

325,933

2.05%

60,000

385,933

1.13%

11,679,213

3,692,923,037

3,704,602,250

217,900

57,500

0.84%

490,952,511

19,539

2,500

4,195,554,761

1.49%

12,167,688

4,183,387,073

237,439

1.49%

60,000

297,439

0.87%

17,517,482

4,852,949,365

4,870,466,847

286,528

57,500

1.05%

507,376,200

17,821

2,500

5,377,843,047

1.91%

17,963,007

5,359,880,040

304,349

1.91%

60,000

364,349

1.06%

65,782,816

12,635,933,465

12,701,716,281

747,219

57,500

2.45%

1,117,125,963

34,832

2,500

13,818,842,244

4.92%

66,653,616

13,752,188,628

782,051

4.92%

60,000

842,051

2.46%

16,709,389

3,940,946,474

3,957,655,863

232,869

57,500

0.88%

348,346,848

10,821

2,500

4,306,002,711

1.53%

16,979,914

4,289,022,797

243,690

1.53%

60,000

303,690

0.89%

273,927

17,661,188

17,935,115

1,055

50,800

0.16%

4,526,262

216

2,500

22,461,377

0.01%

279,327

22,182,050

1,271

0.01%

53,300

54,571

0.16%

7,986,551

2,220,161,739

2,228,148,290

131,065

57,500

0.57%

127,786,248

2,265

2,500

2,355,934,538

0.84%

8,043,176

2,347,891,362

133,330

0.84%

60,000

193,330

0.56%

93,213,253

18,764,295,118

18,857,508,371

1,109,388

57,500

3.55%

1,640,159,193

50,638

2,500

20,497,667,564

7.29%

94,479,203

20,403,188,361

1,160,026

7.29%

60,000

1,220,026

3.56%

106,287,105

27,075,318,023

27,181,605,128

1,599,191

57,500

5.05%

1,822,309,916

42,230

2,500

29,003,915,044

10.32%

107,342,855

28,896,572,189

1,641,421

10.32%

60,000

1,701,421

4.96%

4,020,390

221,164,520

225,184,910

13,252

45,900

0.18%

10,161,051

67

2,500

235,345,961

0.08%

4,022,065

231,323,896

13,319

0.08%

48,400

61,719

0.18%

276,225

104,149,301

104,425,526

6,141

57,500

0.19%

12,538,070

478

2,500

116,963,596

0.04%

288,175

116,675,421

6,619

0.04%

60,000

66,619

0.19%

4,990,175

822,638,780

827,628,955

48,680

57,500

0.32%

114,706,976

4,650

2,500

942,335,931

0.34%

5,106,425

937,229,506

53,330

0.34%

60,000

113,330

0.33%

39,206,448

11,013,098,909

11,052,305,357

650,241

57,500

2.16%

666,113,347

12,941

2,500

11,718,418,704

4.17%

39,529,973

11,678,888,731

663,182

4.17%

60,000

723,182

2.11%

104,393,408

42,365,973,457

42,470,366,865

2,498,467

57,500

7.79%

3,245,038,737

88,709

2,500

45,715,405,602

16.27%

106,611,133

45,608,794,469

2,587,176

16.27%

60,000

2,647,176

7.72%

5,723,990

1,060,536,763

1,066,260,753

62,711

56,600

0.36%

64,200,419

1,265

2,500

1,130,461,172

0.40%

5,755,615

1,124,705,557

63,976

0.40%

59,100

123,076

0.36%

244,144

16,922,423

17,166,567

1,005

57,500

0.18%

4,357,108

213

2,500

21,523,675

0.01%

249,469

21,274,206

1,218

0.01%

60,000

61,218

0.18%

539,923

14,630,297

15,170,220

892

56,600

0.18%

5,293,789

266

2,500

20,464,009

0.01%

546,573

19,917,436

1,158

0.01%

59,100

60,258

0.18%

1,055,655

404,864,337

405,919,992

23,875

57,500

0.25%

68,948,376

2,999

2,500

474,868,368

0.17%

1,130,630

473,737,738

26,874

0.17%

60,000

86,874

0.25%

47,706,502

9,308,099,891

9,355,806,393

550,383

57,500

1.85%

949,972,352

32,853

2,500

10,305,778,745

3.67%

48,527,827

10,257,250,918

583,236

3.67%

60,000

643,236

1.88%

575,152

390,489,093

391,064,245

23,006

57,500

0.25%

36,643,219

1,199

2,500

427,707,464

0.15%

605,127

427,102,337

24,205

0.15%

60,000

84,205

0.25%

NORWAY
PORTUGAL
RUSSIA
SLOVENIA
SOUTH AFRICA

14,992,962

4,512,509,926

4,527,502,888

266,370

57,500

0.99%

357,776,108

10,103

2,500

4,885,278,996

1.74%

15,245,537

4,870,033,459

276,473

1.74%

60,000

336,473

0.98%

4,771,403

330,270,711

335,042,114

19,721

57,500

0.24%

13,435,168

-

2,500

348,477,282

0.12%

4,771,403

343,705,879

19,721

0.12%

60,000

79,721

0.23%

3,161,416

892,323,353

895,484,769

52,659

57,500

0.34%

-

-

-

895,484,769

0.32%

3,161,416

892,323,353

52,659

0.33%

57,500

110,159

0.32%

13,053,362

43,969,159

57,022,521

3,355

57,500

0.19%

6,209,531

223

2,500

63,232,052

0.02%

13,058,937

50,173,115

3,578

0.02%

60,000

63,578

0.19%

12,543,972

274,258,454

286,802,426

16,868

57,500

0.23%

12,999,516

99

2,500

299,801,942

0.11%

12,546,447

287,255,495

16,967

0.11%

60,000

76,967

0.22%

SPAIN
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
UNITED KINGDOM

22,015,748

4,816,960,105

4,838,975,853

284,715

57,500

1.04%

329,297,085

7,774

2,500

5,168,272,938

1.84%

22,210,098

5,146,062,840

292,489

1.84%

60,000

352,489

1.03%

27,617,860

9,596,511,520

9,624,129,380

566,161

57,500

1.90%

979,287,458

33,919

2,500

10,603,416,838

3.77%

28,465,835

10,574,951,003

600,080

3.77%

60,000

660,080

1.93%

18,035,539

5,936,620,232

5,954,655,771

350,355

57,500

1.24%

686,994,767

25,517

2,500

6,641,650,538

2.36%

18,673,464

6,622,977,074

375,872

2.36%

60,000

435,872

1.27%

10,729

5,189,119

5,199,848

619

748

0.00%

-

-

-

5,199,848

0.00%

10,729

5,189,119

619

0.00%

748

1,367

0.00%

212,134,441

34,767,533,976

34,979,668,417

2,058,077

57,500

6.44%

3,916,414,657

143,173

2,500

38,896,083,074

13.84%

215,713,766

38,680,369,308

2,201,250

13.84%

60,000

2,261,250

6.60%

UNITED STATES

474,173,187

53,246,374,715

53,720,547,902

3,160,624

56,600

9.80%

3,021,779,106

50,600

2,500

56,742,327,008

20.19%

475,438,187

56,266,888,821

3,211,224

20.19%

59,100 3,270,324

9.54%

Subtotal Part I

1,363,415,569

258,723,952,203

260,087,367,772

15,301,730

1,704,748

51.80%

20,908,590,060

603,005

72,500

280,995,957,832

100.00% 1,378,490,694 279,617,467,138

15,904,735

100%

1,777,248 17,681,983

51.59%

Subtotal Part II

664,923,929

9,585,948,699

10,250,872,628

7,667,478

8,156,900

48.20%

8,081,945

100%

8,511,900 16,593,845

48.41%

2,028,339,498

268,309,900,902

270,338,240,400

22,969,208

9,861,648

100.00%

23,986,680

100%

10,289,148 34,275,828

100.00%

ICELAND
IRELAND
ITALY
JAPAN
KUWAIT
LATVIA
LITHUANIA
LUXEMBOURG
NETHERLANDS
NEW ZEALAND

Grand Total

Notes:

Current Status (a-1) to (a-6): It is assumed that the members that have outstanding commitments to subscribe or contribute to any previous Replenishment will fulfill their obligations. Amounts have been calculated, for purposes
of the voting rights adjustment, by multiplying the subscriptions and contributions up to and including the Third Replenishment (which were expressed in terms of U.S. dollars of the weight and fineness in effect on January 1,
1960) by 1.20635 and adding thereto the dollar equivalents of the subscriptions and contributions under the Fourth through Eighteenth Replenishments at the agreed exchange rates.
Allocation of Additional Votes with respect to Encashment: Subscription votes have been allocated on the imputed value of these contributions based on the related encashment schedule rather than the nominal amounts shown
in contribution tables. For the Nineteenth Replenishment, this is included in column (b-1) for Part I countries, and for Part II contributing countries in column (e-4).

- 169 Table 2. Subscriptions, Contributions, and Votes
(amounts in US$)
Part II

Allocation for Exercise of Preemptive Rights
to Maintain Part II Voting Power

Current Status (before IDA19)

Member
AFGHANISTAN
ALBANIA
ALGERIA
ANGOLA
ARGENTINA
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
BAHAMAS, THE
BANGLADESH
BARBADOS

716,931
1,221,774
655,542
9,048,975
509,393

0
0
12,074,363
0
1,892,596

716,931
1,221,774
12,729,905
9,048,975
2,401,989

7,910
13,271
7,432
95,940
5,542

57,500
57,500
56,600
57,500
57,500

0.20%
0.22%
0.20%
0.47%
0.19%

6,950
11,650
6,525
84,175
4,850

278
466
261
3,367
194

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.20%
0.22%
0.20%
0.47%
0.19%

0
7,100
0
0
0

0
284
0
0
0

0
5,010,508
0
0
0

0
5,029,258
0
0
0

8,188
14,021
7,693
99,307
5,736

0.10%
0.17%
0.10%
1.23%
0.07%

60,000
60,000
59,100
60,000
60,000

68,188
74,021
66,793
159,307
65,736

0.20%
0.22%
0.19%
0.46%
0.19%

BELIZE
BENIN
BHUTAN
BOLIVIA
BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA

345,371
850,001
93,629
1,788,276
10,246,939

0
0
0
0
0

345,371
850,001
93,629
1,788,276
10,246,939

3,926
9,278
1,274
19,132
13,812

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.19%
0.20%
0.18%
0.23%
0.22%

3,450
8,150
1,125
16,775
12,125

138
326
45
671
485

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.19%
0.20%
0.18%
0.23%
0.22%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

4,064
9,604
1,319
19,803
14,297

0.05%
0.12%
0.02%
0.25%
0.18%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

64,064
69,604
61,319
79,803
74,297

0.19%
0.20%
0.18%
0.23%
0.22%

BOTSWANA
BRAZIL
BURKINA FASO
BURUNDI
CABO VERDE

285,221
34,849,551
849,977
1,286,460
144,453

1,515,927
960,349,675
0
0
0

1,801,148
995,199,226
849,977
1,286,460
144,453

3,499
462,921
9,277
13,876
1,822

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.19%
1.59%
0.20%
0.22%
0.18%

3,075
406,150
8,150
12,175
1,600

123
16,246
326
487
64

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.19%
1.58%
0.20%
0.22%
0.18%

2,850
0
0
0
0

114
0
0
0
0

2,005,778
0
0
0
0

2,011,703
0
0
0
0

3,736
479,167
9,603
14,363
1,886

0.05%
5.93%
0.12%
0.18%
0.02%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

63,736
539,167
69,603
74,363
61,886

0.19%
1.57%
0.20%
0.22%
0.18%

CAMBODIA
CAMEROON
CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
CHAD
CHILE

1,725,838
1,703,121
849,977
849,977
6,003,450

0
0
0
0
34,746,972

1,725,838
1,703,121
849,977
849,977
40,750,422

18,594
18,203
9,277
9,277
65,610

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.23%
0.23%
0.20%
0.20%
0.37%

16,325
15,975
8,150
8,150
57,575

653
639
326
326
2,303

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.23%
0.23%
0.20%
0.20%
0.37%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

19,247
18,842
9,603
9,603
67,913

0.24%
0.23%
0.12%
0.12%
0.84%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

79,247
78,842
69,603
69,603
127,913

0.23%
0.23%
0.20%
0.20%
0.37%

CHINA
COLOMBIA
COMOROS
CONGO, DEM. REP. OF
CONGO, REP. OF

52,952,154
6,193,331
144,453
5,085,586
849,977

1,091,261,255
26,659,256
0
0
0

1,144,213,409
32,852,587
144,453
5,085,586
849,977

621,922
73,191
1,822
54,099
9,277

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

2.07%
0.40%
0.18%
0.34%
0.20%

545,650
64,225
1,600
47,475
8,150

21,826
2,569
64
1,899
326

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

2.06%
0.40%
0.18%
0.34%
0.20%

1,706,950
0
0
0
0

68,278
0
0
0
0

1,204,769,488
0
0
0
0

1,207,022,088
0
0
0
0

712,026
75,760
1,886
55,998
9,603

8.81%
0.94%
0.02%
0.69%
0.12%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

772,026
135,760
61,886
115,998
69,603

2.25%
0.40%
0.18%
0.34%
0.20%

COSTA RICA
COTE D'IVOIRE
CROATIA
CYPRUS
CZECH REPUBLIC

344,556
1,703,121
24,087,138
1,330,573
6,351,706

0
0
0
25,898,757
134,114,241

344,556
1,703,121
24,087,138
27,229,330
140,465,947

3,880
18,203
31,939
15,641
75,970

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.19%
0.23%
0.27%
0.22%
0.41%

3,400
15,975
28,025
13,725
66,650

136
639
1,121
549
2,666

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.19%
0.23%
0.27%
0.22%
0.41%

0
0
0
9,175
24,000

0
0
0
367
960

0
0
0
6,480,173
16,942,039

0
0
0
6,503,073
17,032,689

4,016
18,842
33,060
16,557
79,596

0.05%
0.23%
0.41%
0.20%
0.98%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

64,016
78,842
93,060
76,557
139,596

0.19%
0.23%
0.27%
0.22%
0.41%

DJIBOUTI
DOMINICA
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
ECUADOR
EGYPT, ARAB REP. OF

279,155
144,453
684,413
1,102,567
8,615,158

0
0
68,614
0
11,419,686

279,155
144,453
753,027
1,102,567
20,034,844

3,257
1,822
7,600
11,952
93,442

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.19%
0.18%
0.20%
0.21%
0.46%

2,850
1,600
6,675
10,475
81,975

114
64
267
419
3,279

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.19%
0.18%
0.20%
0.21%
0.46%

0
0
0
1,400
8,150

0
0
0
56
326

0
0
0
993,684
5,753,872

0
0
0
1,005,559
5,843,997

3,371
1,886
7,867
12,427
97,047

0.04%
0.02%
0.10%
0.15%
1.20%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

63,371
61,886
67,867
72,427
157,047

0.18%
0.18%
0.20%
0.21%
0.46%

EL SALVADOR
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
ERITREA
ESWATINI
ETHIOPIA

512,664
548,058
161,568
548,261
850,573

23,707
0
0
0
23,707

536,371
548,058
161,568
548,261
874,280

5,681
6,107
2,012
6,112
9,295

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.19%
0.19%
0.18%
0.19%
0.20%

4,975
5,350
1,775
5,350
8,150

199
214
71
214
326

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.19%
0.19%
0.18%
0.19%
0.20%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

5,880
6,321
2,083
6,326
9,621

0.07%
0.08%
0.03%
0.08%
0.12%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

65,880
66,321
62,083
66,326
69,621

0.19%
0.19%
0.18%
0.19%
0.20%

FIJI
GABON
GAMBIA, THE
GEORGIA
GHANA

951,627
849,977
458,872
1,171,162
3,973,592

0
0
0
0
0

951,627
849,977
458,872
1,171,162
3,973,592

10,388
9,277
5,158
12,731
42,247

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.21%
0.20%
0.19%
0.21%
0.30%

9,125
8,150
4,525
11,175
37,075

365
326
181
447
1,483

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.21%
0.20%
0.19%
0.21%
0.30%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

10,753
9,603
5,339
13,178
43,730

0.13%
0.12%
0.07%
0.16%
0.54%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

70,753
69,603
65,339
73,178
103,730

0.21%
0.20%
0.19%
0.21%
0.30%

GRENADA
GUATEMALA
GUINEA
GUINEA-BISSAU
GUYANA

159,092
682,732
1,703,121
242,561
1,371,650

0
0
0
0
0

159,092
682,732
1,703,121
242,561
1,371,650

1,913
7,538
18,203
2,792
14,810

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.18%
0.20%
0.23%
0.18%
0.22%

1,675
6,625
15,975
2,450
13,000

67
265
639
98
520

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.18%
0.20%
0.23%
0.18%
0.22%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

1,980
7,803
18,842
2,890
15,330

0.02%
0.10%
0.23%
0.04%
0.19%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

61,980
67,803
78,842
62,890
75,330

0.18%
0.20%
0.23%
0.18%
0.22%

0
0
24,970,467
0
124,651,892

Total
Voting
Power %
(a-6)
0.23%
0.19%
0.40%
0.52%
1.29%

Subscription
Carrying Votes Subscription Membership
($)
Votes
Votes
(c-1)
(c-2)
(c-3)
15,975
639
2,500
3,950
158
2,500
64,375
2,575
2,500
98,625
3,945
2,500
322,000
12,880
2,500

Total Voting
Power %
(c-4)
0.23%
0.19%
0.40%
0.52%
1.29%

Subscription
Carrying Votes Subscriptio
($)
n Votes
(e-1)
(e-2)
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,275
251
6,650
266

Adjusted Voting power

Subscriptions
Carrying Votes
($)
(a-1)
1,703,171
397,046
6,815,485
10,610,081
32,451,906

Contributions
($)
(a-2)

Total
Cumulative
Subscription Membership
Resources ($)
Votes
Votes
(a-3)
(a-4)
(a-5)
1,703,171
18,204
57,500
397,046
4,509
57,500
31,785,952
73,373
57,500
10,610,081
112,416
57,500
157,103,798
367,016
57,500

Additional Resources Provided under IDA19 in SDRs or
Freely Convertible Currencies

Total
Additional
Subscription as % of Membership
Resources ($)
Votes
part II
Votes
(e-4)
(f-1)
(f-2)
(f-3)
0
0
18,843
0.23%
60,000
0
0
4,667
0.06%
60,000
0
0
75,948
0.94%
60,000
4,421,432
4,526,332
116,612
1.44%
60,000
4,700,608
5,029,258
380,162
4.70%
60,000

Total
Total
Voting
Votes
Power %
(f-4)
(f-5)
78,843
0.23%
64,667
0.19%
135,948
0.40%
176,612
0.52%
440,162
1.28%

Contributions
($)
(e-3)

- 170 Table 2. Subscriptions, Contributions, and Votes
(amounts in US$)
Part II

Allocation for Exercise of Preemptive Rights
to Maintain Part II Voting Power

Current Status (before IDA19)
Subscriptions
Carrying Votes
($)
(a-1)

Contributions
($)
(a-2)

Total
Cumulative
Resources ($)
(a-3)

Subscription
Carrying Votes Subscription
($)
Votes
(c-1)
(c-2)

HAITI
HONDURAS
HUNGARY
INDIA
INDONESIA

1,286,460
512,275
13,103,284
69,968,520
18,809,946

0
0
172,080,038
382,171,936
100,951,246

1,286,460
512,275
185,183,322
452,140,456
119,761,192

13,876
5,671
154,040
803,682
203,581

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.22%
0.19%
0.64%
2.62%
0.80%

12,175
4,975
135,150
705,100
178,600

IRAN, ISLAMIC REP. OF
IRAQ
ISRAEL
JORDAN
KAZAKHSTAN

7,714,561
1,286,460
3,121,303
512,275
2,593,971

48,103,715
0
116,850,640
0
6,571,277

55,818,276
1,286,460
119,971,943
512,275
9,165,248

84,096
13,876
41,704
5,671
28,111

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.43%
0.22%
0.30%
0.19%
0.26%

KENYA
KIRIBATI
KOREA
KOSOVO
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2,831,799
110,629
7,711,374
936,906
682,488

0
0
2,367,378,497
0
0

2,831,799
110,629
2,375,089,871
936,906
682,488

30,201
1,459
248,065
9,788
7,523

57,500
57,500
57,500
56,600
57,500

LAO PEOPLE'S DEM. REP.
LEBANON
LESOTHO
LIBERIA
LIBYA

849,977
767,914
279,155
1,286,460
1,703,121

0
0
0
0
0

849,977
767,914
279,155
1,286,460
1,703,121

9,277
8,472
3,257
13,876
18,203

MADAGASCAR
MALAWI
MALAYSIA
MALDIVES
MALI

1,703,121
1,286,460
4,329,262
60,151
1,470,255

0
0
56,201,013
0
0

1,703,121
1,286,460
60,530,275
60,151
1,470,255

MARSHALL ISLANDS
MAURITANIA
MAURITIUS
MEXICO
MICRONESIA, FED. ST. OF

26,847
849,977
1,457,576
15,909,333
43,817

0
0
35,560
380,043,877
0

MOLDOVA
MONGOLIA
MONTENEGRO
MOROCCO
MOZAMBIQUE

952,581
397,045
776,764
5,942,100
2,309,820

MYANMAR
NEPAL
NICARAGUA
NIGER
NIGERIA

Subscription
Carrying Votes Subscriptio
($)
n Votes
(e-1)
(e-2)

Subscription
Votes
(f-1)

as % of
part II
(f-2)

Membership
Votes
(f-3)

0
0
19,307,848
215,499,315
29,954,495

0
0
19,470,348
216,509,740
30,175,545

14,363
5,870
160,540
844,099
212,423

0.18%
0.07%
1.99%
10.44%
2.63%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

74,363
65,870
220,540
904,099
272,423

0.22%
0.19%
0.64%
2.64%
0.79%

0
0
1,481
0
0

0
0
26,140,788
0
0

0
0
26,214,413
0
0

87,047
14,363
44,649
5,870
29,098

1.08%
0.18%
0.55%
0.07%
0.36%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

147,047
74,363
104,649
65,870
89,098

0.43%
0.22%
0.31%
0.19%
0.26%

0
0
642,450
0
0

0
0
25,698
0
0

0
0
453,445,331
0
0

0
0
454,305,431
0
0

31,261
1,510
282,469
10,132
7,787

0.39%
0.02%
3.50%
0.13%
0.10%

60,000
60,000
60,000
59,100
60,000

91,261
61,510
342,469
69,232
67,787

0.27%
0.18%
1.00%
0.20%
0.20%

0.20%
0.20%
0.19%
0.22%
0.23%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

9,603
8,769
3,371
14,363
18,842

0.12%
0.11%
0.04%
0.18%
0.23%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

69,603
68,769
63,371
74,363
78,842

0.20%
0.20%
0.18%
0.22%
0.23%

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.23%
0.22%
0.32%
0.18%
0.22%

0
0
12,750
0
0

0
0
510
0
0

0
0
8,997,314
0
0

0
0
9,052,664
0
0

18,842
14,363
50,782
956
16,350

0.23%
0.18%
0.63%
0.01%
0.20%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

78,842
74,363
110,782
60,956
76,350

0.23%
0.22%
0.32%
0.18%
0.22%

20
326
553
7,400
27

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.18%
0.20%
0.22%
0.82%
0.18%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

599
9,603
16,314
218,261
790

0.01%
0.12%
0.20%
2.70%
0.01%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

60,599
69,603
76,314
278,261
60,790

0.18%
0.20%
0.22%
0.81%
0.18%

9,150
3,950
6,875
55,400
21,625

366
158
275
2,216
865

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.21%
0.19%
0.20%
0.37%
0.25%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

10,781
4,667
8,108
65,372
25,519

0.13%
0.06%
0.10%
0.81%
0.32%

60,000
60,000
59,100
60,000
60,000

70,781
64,667
67,208
125,372
85,519

0.21%
0.19%
0.20%
0.37%
0.25%

0.29%
0.20%
0.19%
0.20%
0.36%

31,900
8,150
4,975
8,150
53,400

1,276
326
199
326
2,136

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.29%
0.20%
0.19%
0.20%
0.36%

0
0
0
0
29,400

0
0
0
0
1,176

0
0
0
0
20,744,230

0
0
0
0
20,827,030

37,626
9,603
5,870
9,603
64,190

0.47%
0.12%
0.07%
0.12%
0.79%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

97,626
69,603
65,870
69,603
124,190

0.28%
0.20%
0.19%
0.20%
0.36%

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.19%
0.19%
0.75%
0.18%
0.18%

5,525
5,125
164,525
525
750

221
205
6,581
21
30

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.19%
0.19%
0.74%
0.18%
0.18%

0
0
39,050
0
0

0
0
1,562
0
0

0
0
27,557,927
0
0

0
0
27,761,502
0
0

6,520
6,056
195,676
631
873

0.08%
0.07%
2.42%
0.01%
0.01%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

66,520
66,056
255,676
60,631
60,873

0.19%
0.19%
0.75%
0.18%
0.18%

15,739
5,671
33,037
91,601
558,139

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.22%
0.19%
0.28%
0.45%
1.88%

13,800
4,975
28,975
80,375
489,675

552
199
1,159
3,215
19,587

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.22%
0.19%
0.28%
0.45%
1.87%

0
0
0
7,850
28,050

0
0
0
314
1,122

0
0
0
5,544,543
19,804,377

0
0
0
5,632,768
20,322,102

16,291
5,870
34,196
95,130
578,848

0.20%
0.07%
0.42%
1.18%
7.16%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

76,291
65,870
94,196
155,130
638,848

0.22%
0.19%
0.27%
0.45%
1.86%

59,234
13,876
1,913
1,645
966,031

56,600
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.35%
0.22%
0.18%
0.18%
3.12%

51,975
12,175
1,675
1,450
847,550

2,079
487
67
58
33,902

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.36%
0.22%
0.18%
0.18%
3.10%

0
0
0
0
568,050

0
0
0
0
22,722

0
0
0
0
400,925,004

0
0
0
0
402,340,604

61,313
14,363
1,980
1,703
1,022,655

0.76%
0.18%
0.02%
0.02%
12.65%

59,100
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

120,413
74,363
61,980
61,703
1,082,655

0.35%
0.22%
0.18%
0.18%
3.16%

Membership
Votes
(c-3)

Total Voting
Power %
(c-4)

487
199
5,406
28,204
7,144

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.22%
0.19%
0.64%
2.61%
0.79%

0
0
27,350
305,325
42,450

0
0
1,094
12,213
1,698

73,775
12,175
36,600
4,975
24,675

2,951
487
1,464
199
987

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.43%
0.22%
0.30%
0.19%
0.26%

0
0
37,025
0
0

0.27%
0.18%
0.93%
0.20%
0.20%

26,500
1,275
217,650
8,600
6,600

1,060
51
8,706
344
264

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.27%
0.18%
0.93%
0.21%
0.20%

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.20%
0.20%
0.19%
0.22%
0.23%

8,150
7,425
2,850
12,175
15,975

326
297
114
487
639

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

18,203
13,876
48,568
924
15,796

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.23%
0.22%
0.32%
0.18%
0.22%

15,975
12,175
42,600
800
13,850

639
487
1,704
32
554

26,847
849,977
1,493,136
395,953,210
43,817

579
9,277
15,761
210,861
763

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.18%
0.20%
0.22%
0.82%
0.18%

500
8,150
13,825
185,000
675

0
0
0
0
0

952,581
397,045
776,764
5,942,100
2,309,820

10,415
4,509
7,833
63,156
24,654

57,500
57,500
56,600
57,500
57,500

0.21%
0.19%
0.20%
0.37%
0.25%

3,405,842
849,977
512,275
849,977
5,675,394

0
0
0
0
14,960,995

3,405,842
849,977
512,275
849,977
20,636,389

36,350
9,277
5,671
9,277
60,878

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

NORTH MACEDONIA
OMAN
PAKISTAN
PALAU
PANAMA

4,514,227
516,902
17,161,403
40,000
46,037

0
1,031,875
36,254,898
0
0

4,514,227
1,548,777
53,416,301
40,000
46,037

6,299
5,851
187,533
610
843

PAPUA NEW GUINEA
PARAGUAY
PERU
PHILIPPINES
POLAND

1,456,803
512,275
3,013,527
8,520,682
51,585,341

0
0
15,602,676
21,210,111
93,087,645

1,456,803
512,275
18,616,203
29,730,793
144,672,986

ROMANIA
RWANDA
SAMOA
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
SAUDI ARABIA

5,671,201
1,286,460
159,092
127,661
27,866,049

0
0
0
0
2,794,004,783

5,671,201
1,286,460
159,092
127,661
2,821,870,832

Member

Adjusted Voting power

Total
Additional
Resources ($)
(e-4)

Subscription Membership
Votes
Votes
(a-4)
(a-5)

Total
Voting
Power %
(a-6)

Additional Resources Provided under IDA19 in SDRs or
Freely Convertible Currencies

Contributions
($)
(e-3)

Total
Votes
(f-4)

Total
Voting
Power %
(f-5)

- 171 Table 2. Subscriptions, Contributions, and Votes
(amounts in US$)
Part II

Allocation for Exercise of Preemptive Rights
to Maintain Part II Voting Power

Current Status (before IDA19)
Subscriptions
Carrying Votes
($)
(a-1)

Contributions
($)
(a-2)

Total
Cumulative
Resources ($)
(a-3)

SENEGAL
SERBIA
SIERRA LEONE
SINGAPORE
SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2,831,799
29,901,768
1,286,460
1,093,858
3,169,841

0
0
0
255,881,441
30,662,521

2,831,799
29,901,768
1,286,460
256,975,299
33,832,362

30,201
39,558
13,876
26,944
36,697

57,500
57,500
57,500
56,600
57,500

0.27%
0.30%
0.22%
0.25%
0.29%

26,500
34,700
12,175
23,650
32,200

SOLOMON ISLANDS
SOMALIA
SOUTH SUDAN
SRI LANKA
ST. KITTS & NEVIS

159,092
1,286,460
602,425
5,098,957
228,296

0
0
0
0
0

159,092
1,286,460
602,425
5,098,957
228,296

1,913
13,876
6,297
54,153
2,705

57,500
57,500
56,600
57,500
57,500

0.18%
0.22%
0.19%
0.34%
0.18%

ST. LUCIA
ST. VINCENT & GRENADINES
SUDAN
SYRIAN ARAB REP.
TAJIKISTAN

261,694
127,479
1,703,121
1,604,268
632,946

0
0
0
0
0

261,694
127,479
1,703,121
1,604,268
632,946

3,051
1,638
18,203
17,204
7,023

57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

TANZANIA
THAILAND
TIMOR-LESTE
TOGO
TONGA

2,831,799
5,112,832
484,250
1,286,460
127,479

0
9,069,328
0
0
0

2,831,799
14,182,160
484,250
1,286,460
127,479

30,201
54,708
5,031
13,876
1,638

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
TUNISIA
TURKEY
TUVALU
UGANDA

2,278,239
2,549,480
10,414,930
33,567
2,831,799

0
0
234,123,512
0
0

2,278,239
2,549,480
244,538,442
33,567
2,831,799

UKRAINE
UZBEKISTAN
VANUATU
VIETNAM
YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF

10,514,641
2,079,348
328,631
2,549,480
2,644,692

0
0
0
0
0

ZAMBIA
ZIMBABWE

4,531,337
6,924,993

Subtotal Part II

664,923,929

Subtotal Part I

Member

Grand Total

Notes:

Subscription Membership
Votes
Votes
(a-4)
(a-5)

Total
Voting
Power %
(a-6)

Subscription
Carrying Votes Subscription
($)
Votes
(c-1)
(c-2)

Additional Resources Provided under IDA19 in SDRs or
Freely Convertible Currencies
Subscription
Carrying Votes Subscriptio
($)
n Votes
(e-1)
(e-2)

Adjusted Voting power

Total
Additional
Resources ($)
(e-4)

Subscription
Votes
(f-1)

as % of
part II
(f-2)

Membership
Votes
(f-3)

0
0
0
64,764,585
3,202,536

0
0
0
64,879,985
3,239,261

31,261
40,946
14,363
31,560
38,166

0.39%
0.51%
0.18%
0.39%
0.47%

60,000
60,000
60,000
59,100
60,000

91,261
100,946
74,363
90,660
98,166

0.27%
0.29%
0.22%
0.26%
0.29%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

1,980
14,363
6,518
56,053
2,800

0.02%
0.18%
0.08%
0.69%
0.03%

60,000
60,000
59,100
60,000
60,000

61,980
74,363
65,618
116,053
62,800

0.18%
0.22%
0.19%
0.34%
0.18%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

3,158
1,695
18,842
17,808
7,269

0.04%
0.02%
0.23%
0.22%
0.09%

60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

63,158
61,695
78,842
77,808
67,269

0.18%
0.18%
0.23%
0.23%
0.20%

0.27%
0.34%
0.19%
0.22%
0.18%

0
7,200
0
0
0

0
288
0
0
0

0
5,076,006
0
0
0

0
5,131,206
0
0
0

31,261
56,916
5,208
14,363
1,695

0.39%
0.70%
0.06%
0.18%
0.02%

60,000
60,000
59,100
60,000
60,000

91,261
116,916
64,308
74,363
61,695

0.27%
0.34%
0.19%
0.22%
0.18%

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.25%
0.26%
0.58%
0.18%
0.27%

0
0
18,675
0
0

0
0
747
0
0

0
0
13,181,274
0
0

0
0
13,317,474
0
0

25,236
28,256
139,399
365
31,261

0.31%
0.35%
1.72%
0.00%
0.39%

60,000
60,000
60,000
59,100
60,000

85,236
88,256
199,399
59,465
91,261

0.25%
0.26%
0.58%
0.17%
0.27%

3,811
785
132
958
919

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.51%
0.24%
0.19%
0.26%
0.26%

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

112,409
23,142
3,884
28,256
27,110

1.39%
0.29%
0.05%
0.35%
0.34%

59,100
60,000
60,000
60,000
60,000

171,509
83,142
63,884
88,256
87,110

0.50%
0.24%
0.19%
0.26%
0.25%

42,350
64,300

1,694
2,572

2,500
2,500

0.32%
0.40%

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

49,955
75,866

0.62%
0.94%

60,000
60,000

109,955
135,866

0.32%
0.40%

6,727,225

269,089

355,000

48.21%

3,634,450

145,378

2,565,223,155

2,573,184,030

8,081,945

100%

8,511,900 16,593,845

48.41%

51.80%

15,904,735

100%

1,777,248 17,681,983

51.59%

100.00%

23,986,680

100%

10,289,148 34,275,828

100.00%

Membership
Votes
(c-3)

Total Voting
Power %
(c-4)

1,060
1,388
487
946
1,288

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.27%
0.30%
0.22%
0.26%
0.29%

0
0
0
91,750
4,525

0
0
0
3,670
181

1,675
12,175
5,525
47,500
2,375

67
487
221
1,900
95

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.18%
0.22%
0.19%
0.34%
0.18%

0
0
0
0
0

0.18%
0.18%
0.23%
0.23%
0.20%

2,675
1,425
15,975
15,100
6,150

107
57
639
604
246

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

0.19%
0.18%
0.23%
0.23%
0.20%

57,500
57,500
56,600
57,500
57,500

0.27%
0.34%
0.19%
0.22%
0.18%

26,500
48,000
4,425
12,175
1,425

1,060
1,920
177
487
57

2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500

24,380
27,298
133,951
353
30,201

57,500
57,500
57,500
56,600
57,500

0.25%
0.26%
0.58%
0.17%
0.27%

21,400
23,950
117,525
300
26,500

856
958
4,701
12
1,060

10,514,641
2,079,348
328,631
2,549,480
2,644,692

108,598
22,357
3,752
27,298
26,191

56,600
57,500
57,500
57,500
57,500

0.50%
0.24%
0.19%
0.26%
0.25%

95,275
19,625
3,300
23,950
22,975

0
0

4,531,337
6,924,993

48,261
73,294

57,500
57,500

0.32%
0.40%

9,585,948,699

10,250,872,628

7,667,478

8,156,900

48.20%

1,363,415,569 258,723,952,203 260,087,367,772

15,301,730

1,704,748

2,028,339,498 268,309,900,902 270,338,240,400

22,969,208

9,861,648

Contributions
($)
(e-3)

Total
Votes
(f-4)

Current Status (a-1) to (a-6): It is assumed that the members that have outstanding commitments to subscribe or contribute to any previous Replenishment will fulfill their obligations. Amounts have been calculated,
for purposes of the voting rights adjustment, by multiplying the subscriptions and contributions up to and including the Third Replenishment (which were expressed in terms of U.S. dollars of the weight and fineness in
effect on January 1, 1960) by 1.20635 and adding thereto the dollar equivalents of the subscriptions and contributions under the Fourth through Eighteenth Replenishments at the agreed exchange rates.
Allocation of Additional Votes with respect to Encashment: Subscription votes have been allocated on the imputed value of these contributions based on the related encashment schedule rather than the nominal
amounts shown in contribution tables. For the Nineteenth Replenishment, this is included in column (b-1) for Part I countries, and for Part II contributing countries in column (e-4).
Additional Resources Provided under IDA19 in SDRs or Freely Convertible Currencies: The amounts shown in column (e-4) represent the additional resources provided under IDA19 by Part II members in SDRs
or freely convertible currencies, as set out in Table 1A-CoC. The U.S. Dollar equivalent has been obtained by converting the SDR amount using the average exchange rates for the U.S. Dollar against the SDR over the
period March 1 to August 31, 2019 (SDR1=USD1.38318). These amounts are divided into subscriptions carrying votes (columns (c-1) and (e-1)) and contributions (column (e-3)).
Update of Part II members: The table has been updated to reflect the expected membership status of Part II members.

Total
Voting
Power %
(f-5)

- 172 -

Attachment I
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
Addition to Resources: Nineteenth Replenishment
Instrument of Commitment

Reference is made to Resolution No. ____ of the Board of Governors of the International
Development Association entitled “Additions to Resources: Nineteenth Replenishment”, which
was adopted on __________, 2020 (“the Resolution”).
The Government of _________________________ HEREBY NOTIFIES the
Association pursuant to paragraph 2 of the Resolution that it will make the _______________256
authorized for it in accordance with the terms of the Resolution in the amount of
______________ [of which______________________ amount represents the grant element of a Concessional
Partner Loan].257
____________________ __________________________________
(Date) (Name and Office) 258

256

257

258

This form of Instrument of Commitment may be used for a Contributing Member’s regular contribution, any Debt Relief Additional Contribution,
and any Grant Compensation Additional Contribution either under separate instruments or combined. Contributing Members fill in the words
“subscription and contribution” for both regular contributions and Debt Relief Additional Contributions; and Subscribing Members fill in the word
“subscription” only.
Pursuant to paragraph 5(a) of the Nineteenth Replenishment Resolution, members are required to denominate their subscription and contribution,
or subscription only, as the case may be, in SDRs, in the currency of the member if freely convertible, or with the agreement of the Association
in a freely convertible currency of another member. Payment will be made as provided in paragraph 5(b) of the Resolution.
The instrument is to be signed on behalf of the Government by a duly authorized representative.

- 173 -

Attachment II
Encashment Schedule for IDA19 Contributions
(Percent of Total Contributions)
Fiscal Year

Standard Schedule

2021

3.1

2022

7.7

2023

13.5

2024

15.6

2025

15.8

2026

14.2

2027

12.6

2028

10.2

2029

7.3
__________
100.0

- 174 -

ANNEX 14: IDA19 PARTNER CONTRIBUTIONS IN US$
TABLE A14.1: GRANT AND GRANT EQUIVALENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NINETEENTH REPLENISHMENT
(Contribution Amounts in US$9/ millions)
Total Donor Contributions

Basic Contribution
Supplemental
of which
Contribution
Grant
Grant Element of
Concessional loan

Contributing Members

Share 6/
(1)

Amount
(2)

Share 7/
(3)

Amount
(4)

Amount
(5)

Angola
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belgium
Botswana
Canada
China
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep. of
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Kuwait
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malaysia
Nigeria
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States

0.01%
0.02%
1.07%
1.51%
0.02%
1.57%
0.01%
3.45%
3.72%
0.02%
0.05%
1.07%
0.00%
0.02%
0.01%
0.39%
5.06%
5.62%
0.03%
0.06%
0.04%
0.67%
0.09%
0.35%
0.08%
2.05%
10.00%
1.40%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.21%
0.03%
0.06%
2.93%
0.11%
1.10%
0.09%
0.02%
0.06%
0.04%
1.24%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
1.01%
3.02%
2.12%
0.02%
0.04%
12.07%
9.31%

4.50
5.00
345.80
488.10
5.00
505.29
2.00
1,111.54
1,200.00
6.47
16.94
346.36
1.00
5.81
4.50
127.04
1,631.00
1,811.75
10.10
19.36
12.47
215.25
30.00
114.04
26.06
662.24
3,226.16
451.66
63.83
4.33
5.26
68.55
9.00
20.71
944.55
36.44
355.69
27.60
5.60
20.20
13.36
400.00
64.52
3.22
6.17
12.93
327.38
973.59
683.00
5.10
13.24
3,893.63
3,004.20

0.01%
0.01%
1.05%
1.54%
0.02%
1.56%
0.01%
3.42%
3.85%
0.02%
0.05%
1.07%
0.00%
0.02%
0.01%
0.38%
5.00%
5.41%
0.03%
0.06%
0.04%
0.68%
0.09%
0.36%
0.08%
1.99%
9.79%
1.40%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.21%
0.03%
0.06%
2.87%
0.11%
1.08%
0.09%
0.02%
0.06%
0.04%
1.27%
0.20%
0.01%
0.02%
0.04%
0.98%
3.02%
2.11%
0.02%
0.04%
12.10%
8.93%

4.50
2.78
327.97
478.57
5.00
486.34
2.00
1,065.67
1,198.89
6.24
16.26
332.95
1.00
5.70
4.39
119.72
1,557.65
1,685.78
9.53
18.69
12.14
211.48
29.43
111.82
24.84
620.14
3,048.89
436.15
62.18
4.22
5.16
66.44
8.14
20.17
894.21
35.00
337.08
27.60
5.23
19.88
12.94
395.24
62.92
3.11
5.85
11.93
305.33
941.57
657.52
4.94
13.24
3,769.65
2,781.29

4.50
2.78
327.97
478.57
5.00
337.95
2.00
949.19
1,198.89
6.24
16.26
332.95
1.00
5.70
4.39
119.72
1,557.65
1,685.78
9.53
18.69
12.14
211.48
29.43
111.82
24.84
620.14
3,048.89
436.15
62.18
4.22
5.16
66.44
8.14
20.17
894.21
35.00
337.08
27.60
5.23
19.88
12.94
395.24
62.92
3.11
5.85
11.93
305.33
941.57
657.52
4.94
13.24
3,769.65
2,781.29

148.39
116.48
-

18.54
-

22,275.37

22,010.50

264.87

18.54

1/
1/
1/
1/

1/
3/
1/
1/ 3/
3/
1/
3/

1/
1/
1/
1/
1/ 3/
3/
1/
3/
4/
1/

1/
1/

3/

1/
1/
1/
1/

Sub-total Contributing Members
Non-Members
Bahrain
Bulgaria
Uruguay

5/
5/
5/

Sub-total Non-Members
Additional financing
Total

2/

23,347.55
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%

1.20
3.03
2.00
6.23
134.27
23,488.04

Amount
(6)

Amount
(7)

HIPC Costs

Share 8/
(8)
0.00%
0.20%
1.61%
0.86%
0.00%
1.71%
0.00%
4.14%
0.10%
0.02%
0.06%
1.21%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.66%
6.62%
11.37%
0.05%
0.06%
0.03%
0.34%
0.05%
0.20%
0.11%
3.80%
16.00%
1.40%
0.15%
0.01%
0.01%
0.19%
0.08%
0.05%
2.87%
0.13%
1.68%
0.00%
0.03%
0.03%
0.04%
0.43%
0.14%
0.01%
0.03%
0.09%
1.99%
2.89%
2.30%
0.01%
0.00%
11.19%
20.12%

Amount
(9)
1.82
14.61
7.80
15.51
37.57
0.91
0.18
0.55
10.98
0.09
0.09
5.99
60.07
103.16
0.47
0.54
0.27
3.09
0.47
1.82
1.00
34.48
145.18
12.70
1.35
0.09
0.08
1.73
0.70
0.44
26.04
1.18
15.24
0.30
0.27
0.34
3.90
1.31
0.09
0.27
0.82
18.06
26.22
20.87
0.13
101.54
182.56
862.87

Arrears Clearance

Share 8/
(10)
0.00%
0.20%
1.61%
0.86%
0.00%
1.71%
0.00%
4.14%
0.10%
0.02%
0.06%
1.21%
0.00%
0.01%
0.01%
0.66%
6.62%
11.37%
0.05%
0.06%
0.03%
0.34%
0.05%
0.20%
0.11%
3.80%
16.00%
1.40%
0.15%
0.01%
0.01%
0.19%
0.08%
0.05%
2.87%
0.13%
1.68%
0.00%
0.03%
0.03%
0.04%
0.43%
0.14%
0.01%
0.03%
0.09%
1.99%
2.89%
2.30%
0.01%
0.00%
11.19%
20.12%

Amount
(11)
0.40
3.23
1.73
3.43
8.30
0.20
0.04
0.12
2.43
0.02
0.02
1.32
13.28
22.81
0.10
0.12
0.06
0.68
0.10
0.40
0.22
7.62
32.09
2.81
0.30
0.02
0.02
0.38
0.16
0.10
5.76
0.26
3.37
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.86
0.29
0.02
0.06
0.18
4.00
5.80
4.61
0.03
22.44
40.35
190.76

- 175 -

1/ Indicative contribution, subject to government and/or parliamentary approval.
2/ Represents the investment income generated by using a regular encashment profile of 9 years.
3/ Includes an increase in basic share achieved through accelerated encashments.
4/ Includes supplemental contributions provided through accelerated encashments.
5/ Not a Member of IDA, but is associating themselves with IDA19 by providing resources for purposes, and on terms to be agreed
separately between IDA and the donor.
6/ Total shares are calculated using the target amount of SDR 23,324.23 million (equivalent to US$32,261.61 million). Partners' total
shares do not add to 100 percent, resulting in a structural gap of 27 percent.
7/ Basic shares are calculated using the target amount of SDR 22,523.23 million (equivalent to US$31,153.68 million).
8/ HIPC and arrears clearance contributions are calculated by applying HIPC shares agreed by Partners in the past replenishments, unless
otherwise indicated by an individual Partner, to the total HIPC cost for IDA19 of SDR 656.00 million (equivalent to US$907.37 million)
and the total IDA19 target contribution for arrears clearance of SDR 145.00 million (equivalent to US$200.56 million) respectively.
9/ US$ amount is calculated using ID19 SDR/US$ foreign exchange reference rate of 1.38318.

- 176 -

TABLE A14.2: CONCESSIONAL LOAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NINETEENTH REPLENISHMENT

Loan amount

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Loan terms
Coupon rate in
Maturity
loan currency
terms
(5)
(6)

Belgium

1/

467.06

EUR

0.89092

416.11

10-40

0.00%

148.39

132.20

Canada

1/ 2/

630.00

USD

1.00000

630.00

5-25

1.20%

116.48

116.48

Contributing members

USD Million

Currency

FX

Currency
Million

1/ Indicative contribution, subject to government and/or parliamentary approval.
2/ Concessional loan is pledged in USD, with an option to convert the loan to CAD per IDA19 CPL framework

Grant element from loan
USD Million

Currency
Million

(7)

(8)