Security and rule of law
Organisation

Date

Reporting Period

Department for Stability and Humanitarian Aid

August 2015

2014

Activity

2014

Implemented by

Result Area

Gender marker

Number

Name

Actual expenditure

Name Organisation

channel

significant/principal

26685

Law and Order Trust Fund for
Afghanistan

15.000.000

United Nations
Development Programme

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

27159

African Contingency Operation for
Training and Assistance

8.500.000

US Department of State

Government

Human Security

Not applicable

27125

Afghan National Army Trust Fund

7.000.000

North-Atlantic Treaty
Organization

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

27011

Access to Justice and Common Security

6.000.000

ARK

NGO

Human Security

Significant

24703

Peacebuilding Fund

5.000.000

UN PBF

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

Activity

2014

Implemented by

Result Area

Gender marker

Number

Name

Actual expenditure

Name Organisation

channel

significant/principal

26211

CMV Pool Uitzendingen

4.627.431

BZ and various others

Government

Human Security

Significant

24291

De-mining

3.579.574

The Mines Advisory Group

NGO

Human Security

Significant

27136

UN MAS - Core

3.500.000

UN Mine Action Service

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

24293

De-mining

3.297.732

The Halo Trust

NGO

Human Security

Significant

26469

Ukraine

3.003.431

Organization for Security
and Cooperation Europe

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

26965

Lebanon Syrian Crisis Trust Fund

2.584.000

World Bank

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

26598

Security Sector Development Burundi
(ODA)

2.500.000

GTZ German Technical
Cooperation Agency

Government

Human Security

Significant

24479

Stabilisation East Congo

2.280.000

UNDP

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

25091

Somalia Stability Fund

2.000.000

DFID Department for
International Development

Government

Human Security

Significant

26597

Security Sector Development Burundi
(non-ODA)

2.000.000

GZT

Government

Human Security

Significant

24292

De-mining

1.819.624

Handicap International

NGO

Human Security

Significant

24294

De-mining

1.471.736

DCA Dan Church Aid

NGO

Human Security

Significant

26309

EU Response Lebanon

1.000.000

European Union

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

26975

Maratime and other Transnational
Crime, East Africa, Indian Ocean

1.000.000

UNODC Office on Drugs
and Crime

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

25187

Security Sector Reform, Tunesia

1.500.000

DCAF Democratic Control
of Armed Forces

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

24947

SAS - Core

229.243

Small Arms Survey

PPP or network

Human Security

Significant

25637

Security Sector Reform, African Union

304.000

UNOP Office for
Partnerships

Multilateral organization

Human Security

Significant

27239

Target Audience Analysis, Iraq

223.784

The Stability Network

NGO

Human Security

Significant

27023

Civil Military Cooperation, Libanon

447.120

AKT Strategy

NGO

Human Security

Significant

24349

Saferworld - Core

2.154.781

Saferworld

NGO

Human Security

Significant

nvt

Maritime Operations and Analysis
Centre - Narcotics

4.627.431

V&J

Government

Human Security

Significant

Activity
Number

Name

2014

Implemented by

Actual expenditure

Name Organisation

Result Area
channel

Gender marker
significant/principal

...

...

...

...

...

...

25404

IDLO - Core

6.000.000

International Development
Law Organization

Multilateral organization

Effective Rule of Law

Significant

25961

Perception Survey Mali

230.000

HiiL Hague Institute for
Internationalizing Law

NGO

Effective Rule of Law

Significant

24706

ICTJ - Core

1.500.000

International Centre for
Transitional Justice

NGO

Effective Rule of Law

Significant

25262

Central-America

1.403.542

Hivos

NGO

Effective Rule of Law

Significant

24767

Bureau for Crisis Prevention and
Recovery

6.000.000

UNDP

Multilateral organization

Effective Rule of Law

Significant

26698

Launch Justice Leaders

79.962

HiiL

NGO

Effective Rule of Law

Significant

26537

Multi Donor Trust Fund, Central African
Republic

1.900.000

UN

Multilateral organization

Effective Rule of Law

Significant

24707

ICG - Core

1.000.000

International Crisis Group

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

26001

Crisis Prevention and Thematic Trust
Fund

12.000.000

UNDP

Multilateral organization

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24708

IP - Core

2.171.428

Interpeace

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24704

CHD - Core

1.800.000

Centre for Humanitarian
Dialogue

Research institute and companies
Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24348

SCG - Core

1.638.369

Search for Common
Ground

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

25261

Peacebuilding in South-Sudan

1.618.212

VNGI, PAX, CORDAID

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24331

Peace under Construction

1.525.400

CARE Nederland

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24353

Linking Civil and Political Societies

1.403.568

NIMD Netherlands Institute
for Multiparty Democracy

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24705

IA - Core

1.305.316

International Alert

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24355

ACORD - Core

1.217.252

ACORD

NGO

Inclusive Political Processes

Significant

24342

Ruzizi Valley

1.167.062

ZOA Vluchtelingenzorg

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

23460

NIMD - Core

11.294.063

NIMD

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

Activity

2014

Implemented by

Result Area

Gender marker

Number

Name

Actual expenditure

Name Organisation

channel

significant/principal

23417

VNGI - Core

5.475.000

Vereniging Nederlandse
Gemeenten International

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

24424

IDEA - Core

3.000.000

Institute for Democracy and
Electoral Assistance

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

26250

EED - Core

1.700.000

European Endowment for
Democracy

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

24657

AWEPA - Core

1.335.600

Association of European
Parliamentaries

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

26401

Defence Anti-corruption Index

430.000

Transparency International

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

24352

Citizen First: improving human security in
Afghanistan and Pakistan

5.237.848

Oxfam Novib

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

22731

TI - Core

1.000.000

Transparency International

NGO

Legitimate and Capable Government

Significant

24338

Access to Justice and Livelihood
Oppurtunities

1.321.757

International Rescue
Committee

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

26690

Conflict Affected States in Africa II

3.040.000

International Finance
Corporation

Multilateral organization

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

27187

SRTF - Core

2.000.000

Syria Recovery Trust Fund

Multilateral organization

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

21343

Reconstruction, Haiti

1.921.897

SHO Samenwerkende Hulp
Organisaties

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24351

Oxfam - Core

1.314.510

Oxfam United Kingdom

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24342

ARTF - Core

20.000.000

Afghan Reconstruction
Trust Fund

Multilateral organization

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24343

Land and Water for Human Security

1.130.292

ZOA Vluchtelingenzorg

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24354

Building Protection by Empowering
People

1.070.523

ICCO Foundation

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

23282

Peacebuilding and Education

30.400.000

UNICEF

Multilateral organization

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24336

Rapid Rural Job Creation in Fragile
States

1.900.000

SPARK

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24332

A Roadmap to Peace for the Great Lakes

2.101.864

Oxfam Novib

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24330

Foundation for Peace

1.974.827

CARE NL

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

24682

Warrap Reconstruction for Peace

2.295.756

World Vision

NGO

Social and Economic Reconstruction

Significant

...

...

...

Result Area 1
Result Question 1a: To what extent have physical security and freedom from
fear as experienced by men and women from all social groups improved?
(outcome, country-level)
Sub-goals:
1.1 All kinds of violent acts against citizens, including sexual violence, and
other physical security threats are reduced
1.2 Institutions responsible for maintaining security perform their tasks
effectively, accountably and in better coordination, responding to the needs
of citizens
1.3 Communities and civil society contribute to human security and a
culture of non-violence, independently and in coordination with responsible
institutions
1.4 Transnational drivers of conflict such as organized crime and (illicit)
flows of finance, arms and conflict commodities are reduced, based on an
integrated approach

Human Security
Human Security is about physical security and freedom from fear. Human Security is greatly influenced by the level of stability and fragility in a country. These are
difficult to measure. The two leading indices of stability and fragility are the Fragile States Index (FSI) and the Global Peace Index (GPI). For 2014 they show a
slight decrease of worldwide peace and stability due to tensions in the Ukraine, ongoing conflicts in Syria, civil war in South Sudan and a broadening and increased
intensity of terrorist activity in many countries, including Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya. In terms of average worldwide fragility no significant change has occurred in
2014 compared to the year before (FSI). Most fragile countries in the three alert categories show no improvement in their fragility score. However, the number of
countries in these categories decreased from 35 in 2013 to 34 in 2014.
This result area report for of Human Security deals with partner countries, other countries which are of strategic importance, such as Iraq, Lebanon, Libya and
Tunisia, as well as regions such as the Gulf of Guinea and Latin-America. However, the results in some partner countries, namely Burundi, Afghanistan, Mali and
South Sudan are not included in this section, but reflected in separate country fiches.
Apart from the partner countries, in 2014 the Netherlands has stepped up its efforts in Human Security in Iraq, Lebanon, Libya and Tunisia. Iraq has become
relatively less fragile, moving from the 11th to the 13th place on the FSI index, despite the continuing struggle against ISIS and spillover effects from the Syrian
conflict. In Lebanon no significant change in fragility occurred. According to the FSI the situation remained unstable and alarming. However, Libya and Tunisia
experienced higher fragility and move up in the FSI.
An alarming new threat to Human Security in the northern part of Africa is the large increase of number of migrants. These groups are smuggled or even trafficked
to Europe and are exposed to extreme hardship and often human rights violations. Human trafficking networks are similar to those dealing in arms and drugs and
easily develop in fragile states where there is a weak rule of law. This puts additional pressure on these states.
The Human Security indicators demonstrate a decline in insecurity. The results in some countries improved, for example the development sector-related
complaints mechanisms of the Ministry of Justice of Tunisia. The perception of security by Libyan citizens in the Small Arms Survey program area show no change,
compared to the year before. A result to be proud of is the increase of gender diversity in peacekeeping operations with the increase of the number of female
civilian and military peace keepers; showing a significant rise in the past three years. This result was achieved in part because of continued Dutch support for the
training of female peace keepers. To conclude, the Netherlands remained a leader in mine clearance projects throughout 11 countries among which Iraq and Syria.
Key for below: Afghanistan/Af, Burundi/Bur, Iraq/Iq, Lebanon/Lb, Libya/Ly, Mali/Mal, Tunisia/Tun

Baseline

Target 2017

Indicator 1: Homicides per 100.000 population

Indicator 2: Percentage of population that feels safe walking alone

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

Af: 1948 Bur: 451
Af: n.a. Bur: 416
Lb: 194 Ly: 157
Lb:223 Ly: n.a.
Mal:1640 Tun: 332 Mal: n.a. Tun: 223

Af: n.a. Bur n.a.
Lb: n.a. Ly: n.a.
Mal: n.a.Tun: n.a.

UNODC (Number of people reported per 100,000
population. No records of 2014 available).

Af: 39% Bur: n.a. Af:44% Bur: n.a.
Iq: 41% Lb: 62%
Iq: 54% Lb: 47%
Mal:67% Tun: 59% Mal:57% Tun: 56%

Af:34% Bur: 43%
Iq: 60% Lb: 52 %
Mal:64% Tun: 61%

Gallup World Poll (Percentage of respondents(n) who
answered positive to this question, n=1000)

Indicator 3: Number of female military peacekeepers

-

n.a.

3521

3753

3983

http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/resources/statistic
s/gender.shtml

Indicator 4: Perception of security by Libyan citizens in the Small Arms
Survey program area compared to the year before

-

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Worse: 23%
Equal: 49%
Better: 24%

http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/G-Issu
e-briefs/SAS-SANA-IB1-Searching-for-Stability-Libya.p
df

Result Question 1a (remaining indicators):

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

Indicator 5: Average Mo Ibrahim index personal safety (African
countries) on a scale of 0-100 being best performance (Baseline 2009)

Libya: 60,4
Tunisia: 60,8

n.a.

n.a

-

n.a.

n.a.

Af:.... Bur: 31,8
Lb... Ly: 26,1
Mal: 50,0 Tun:
43,6
50%

Mo Ibrahim Foundation Index

Indicator 6: Development of security sector-related complaints
mechanism of the Ministry of Justice of Tunisia (% of progress)

Af:.... Bur: 30,2
Lb... Ly: 29,7
Mal: 54,6 Tun:
40,0
40%

Indicator 7: Performance of the security apparatus (indicator from the
fragile states index, on a schale of 1-10 (best-worst)). (Baseline: 2011)

Lebanon: 8.7
Libya: 7.0
Tunisia: 6.8

n.a.

Af: 9.5 Bur: 7,4
Lb: 8.4 Ly: 9.0
Mal: 7.1 Tun: 7.5

Af: 9,9 Bur: 7,7
Lb: 8.5 Ly: 8.9
Mal: 8.1 Tun: 7.2

Af:10.0 Bur: 7.4
Lb: 8.6 Ly: 9.2
Mal: 8.0 Tun: 7.3

Fragile State Index

Indicator 8: Amount of cleared mined area (in km2)

-

n.a.

at least 200 km2

at least 185 km2

n.a.

Landmine monitor

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Country Assessment and Results Monitoring
2014 report, Security Sector Development in Tunisia,
DCAF Trust Fund for North Africa

Result Question 1b: To what extent have your programmes contributed to
these results?

The programs supported by the Netherlands aim to contribute to improved physical security and freedom from fear. For each of the 4 sub goals some key results
are highlighted below.
Dutch efforts have helped to reduce physical security threats, and have helped government institutions responsible for maintaining security to perform their tasks in
a more professional, better coordinated and accountable manner. Our programs also allowed local communities and civil society to contribute to human security by
promoting a culture of non-violence, independently and in coordination with responsible institutions. In addition the Netherlands actively supported a more effective
comprehensive approach by international actors, particularly the EU and UN, in order to improve impact on the ground.
Sub goals:
1.1 Violent acts against citizens, including sexual violence.
Dutch contributions to UN Peace keeping missions in conflict situations have allowed the UN to respond more effectively in situations where populations were
directly under threat. For example, with a generous Dutch contribution to the UN Trust Fund the criminal justice chain in the Central African Republic was largely
restored. Thus the police and justice institutions were able to start functioning again, after a total breakdown. This reduced the state of impunity and occurrence of
violence in the country.
A lot of violence in 2014 was related to extremism and the violent transition after the Arab Spring. Conventional peace building instruments fell short requiring a
different approach based on knowledge of the local context. The Netherlands supported research to identify new, more effective approaches. At the same time
these initiatives help to sensitize other stakeholders and the communities involved about the security threats. For example research in the framework of the
Security Assessment in North Africa (SANA) program on small arms circulation and associated threats resulted in deeper knowledge among policy-makers in Libya
and North Africa The research findings were disseminated in both English and Arabic among local and international stakeholders in the US, Europe and the North
Africa region. They agreed that the mapping of arms flows will help them to reduce these flows.
Physical insecurity is often caused by explosive remnants of war and conflict. To address this source of insecurity the Netherlands financed a large mine action
programme in 2014, carried out by Handicap International, Mines Advisory Group, HALO Trust and Danish Church Aid in Afghanistan, Cambodia, DRC, Iraq, Laos,
Lebanon, Libya, Mozambique, Palestinian Territories, Somalia, South Sudan, and Syria. Explosives were cleared, stockpiles were destroyed, victims were assisted
and citizens were educated in about the risks of uxo s.Additionally, the Netherlands provided an unearmarked contribution to United Nations Mine Action Service
(UNMAS). This contribution allowed UNMAS to carry out emergency responses to physical security threats related to explosives, to improve coordination in
countries and within the UN, and to build the capacity of local institutions in the field of mine action and stockpile management.
1.2. Effective and accountable institutions responsible for security.
Effective security institutions need trained staff which is capable of engaging with the population in order to understand their security needs. One of the key
measures is to improve the gender balance and to make staff aware of gender aspects in conflict and peace keeping. The Netherlands, through UN Women,
developed and piloted a special training that facilitated the identification and deployment of military women in peacekeeping operations. This training also
stimulates troop contributing countries to recruit and promote more women in their armed forces and in their peace mission contingents. UN Women also carried
out different programs aimed at reducing violent acts and other physical security threats against citizens in countries such as Bangladesh or Congo by improving
the effective, accountable and better coordinated performance of security institutions.
By supporting the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) Trust Fund for North Africa (TFNA), the Netherlands has contributed to the
performance of the security sector in Tunisia by increasing transparency and trust of the population. It helped to reduce violent acts and other physical security
threats against citizens.
The Netherlands has helped to set up a dedicated Security Sector Reform (SSR) unit in the African Union; this is a joint UN-EU support action. The unit has the
mandate to advise and assist AU member countries to reform their security sector, in order to promote effective and accountable security and justice institutions in
Africa with a focus on the needs of people.

Indicator 1: Knowledge of radicalization towards ISIS in Iraq

Indicator 2: Amount of land (in m2) released with Dutch funding

Indicator 3: Amount of people that received mine risk education with
Dutch funding.

Inidcator 4: Increasing the knowledge on small arms and insecurity in
Libya and North Africa

Baseline
2017 contributeResult
2012
Result 2014
Source
1.3 Communities and Target
civil society
to human
security. Result 2013
Involving the communities and civil society actors is essential to better understand the security needs of the population and security threats (ref. sub goal 1.2). The
threat
of extremism and
terrorism is related to
complex processesn.a.
in societies. The Netherlands
stepped
programs Target
to survey
and analyse
public
opinion.
n.a.
n.a.
Better insight
on up its
A Structural
Audience
Analysis,
The
They can provide insights in the conditions which contribute to the growth of extremist movements.
An example
of such a Network,
research Final
is theReport
Structural
Target
how radicalization
Stabilisation
| CPG/01872
| April
Audience Analysis in Iraq, which seeks to better understand the challenge posed by ISIS
in Iraq,
through
towards
ISIS
worksanalysis
2015 of public opinion data, an examination of
historical grievances and assessment of contemporary geo-political dynamics. The research produced considerable insight in the arguments and reasoning in the
radicalization
debate thus
further
and responses
ISIS threat.
n.a. contributing to developing
34.596.179
m2 action20.328.707
m2 to the
4.928.134
m2
Reports from Handicap International, DCA, UNMAS,
MAG Iraq
In Lebanon, the Netherlands support the Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) Stabilisation program of the Lebanese Armed Forces which aims to expand the
capabilities in community engagement in order to better understand the community security needs. This project creates the space for communities and civil society
to
security and a culture406.883
of non-violence.
- contribute to humann.a.
172.758
139.939
Reports from Handicap International (HI), DCA,
UNMAS, MAG Iraq, HI Iraq, HI Syria
1.4 Transnational drivers of conflict.
Given the growing importance of transnational drivers of conflict - such as organized crime and (illicit) flows of finance, arms and conflict commodities- the
Netherlands
support an.a.
number of innovative n.a.
institutions which respond
threats from
perspective.
example,
contributions
to the
n.a. to these securityPublished
8 a regional
Interim
NarrativeFor
Report
for the
period
Maritime Analysis and Operations Centre - Narcotics (MOAC-N) in West Africa, and thereports,
Maritime
Tradeout
Information
Sharing Centre
Gulf
of Guinea
(MTISC GOG)
carried
January-December
2014,
Small
Arms Survey
allowed them to train a significant number of personnel and to achieve their aim to intercept
tons research
of narcotics.
extensive
Migration, human security, law enforcement are related to human trafficking and transnational organised crime; these inter-linkages were explored in a series of
brainstorm sessions with governmental actors. It resulted in a growing consensus that stronger coordination and a comprehensive approach is required in order to
be more effective in the overall Dutch response. This topic, as well as deradicalisation and Countering Violent Extremism will be further integrated in the
programming in the coming years.

Result Question 1b (remaining indicators):

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

Indicator 5: Support given to the Lebanese government in the context
of border control by CIMIC

-

n.a.

n.a.

n.a.

Enhanced capacity
of border related
agencies

Support to the CIMIC/Stabilisation
program of the Lebanese Armed Forces, februari
2015, AKTIS Strategy

Indicator 6: The information infrastructure and reporting capacity for the
maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea

-

Establishing
MTISC-GOG as an
enduring project

n.a

n.a.

Pilot project for
maritime regional
information centre

MTISC-GOG Briefing note, september 2014

xxx

xxx

9,800 trained in
Uganda and
Burundi

Annual report published by US State Dept. (cijfers
komen nog)

Indicator 8: number of peacekeepers trained with Dutch contribution to
ACOTA
Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result area 1

Human Security

B.

Human security in 2014 decreased slightly when compared to 2013, due to heightened tensions, ongoing conflicts and increased terrorist activity. While the
Netherlands does not have the capacity to turn this around on its own, we have contributed to and spearheaded international efforts aimed at improving (human)
security. In addition to this, the results show that we have made a contribution to the security of people in a number of states. Furthermore, through our efforts we
have increased the required knowledge about current human security threats, which allowed bilateral and multilateral actors to develop new policies and formulate
more up to date measures, with a focus on the long term perspective.

Results achieved as planned

Reasons for result achieved:

In Iraq, a new type of project was financed, which examines the why and how of radicalization and movement towards the ideas of ISIS. Similar research in the
Horn of Africa revealed how Al Shabaab is winning support across the region and how limited the law enforcement response is. These knowledge products are an
important step forward, because it is necessary to first discern the root causes of violent extremism and to identify options to prevent it, before being able to
counter it effectively.
However, acquiring knowledge is not enough to increase human security. Therefore, multiple pilots were launched to combine theory with practice, notable ones
being the Maritime Trade Information Sharing Centre-Golf Of Guinea(MTISC-GOG) and the training for peace keeping troops by UN Women. Furthermore,
Security Sector Reform has been promoted extensively in the AU and North Africa. Dutch funding aimed at promoting steps towards an effective and accountable
security and justice sector with a people-centred approach.
Results are often difficult to measure, to quantify and to directly attribute to the Dutch funding. Nevertheless, results stemming from our efforts are noticeable. A
key lesson in 2014 is that using using different perspectives and comparative advantages of different actors in the field of development, security and politics
(comprehensive approach) helps in achieving and sustaining results. Given the strong Dutch role in applying the comprehensive approach, the Dutch Ministry of
Foreign Affairs is actively involved in multilateral discussions (e.g. with the UN, EU, and AU) to support and influence policies related to crisis operations, conflict
mitigation and peace keeping, which are the most evident frameworks to deal with human security issues.

Implications for planning:

Human security will remain an important policy goal for the priority theme Security and Rule of Law. The security of people in fragile states and conflict-affected
areas is a multi-faceted and therefore complicated matter, which must be addressed in a context specific manner, based on thorough understanding of the conflict
dynamics and involving the population themselves. The Netherlands will continue to support countries where the human security situation is under continued
threat. The Dutch Approach, which includes a focus on a comprehensive approach to reach sustainable peace and stability will remain the cornerstone of our
interventions. This approach will include the creation of more synergy between Dutch responses to humanitarian, migration and security and rule of law challenges
in our focus states and areas.
Specifically Security Sector Reform will continue to be an important topic of attention as it directly links issues related to security and justice with developmental
aspects in the medium and long term. This is essential for sustainable results in the complex and fragile countries the Netherlands operates in. With regard to
policy planning, it is expected that post-conflict activities such as removing explosive remnants of war, deradicalisation and disarmament, demobilisation and
reintegration efforts will feature more prominent when the current wave of conflicts (eventually) subsides. Furthermore, the Ministry is investing in early warning
and early action capacity, in order to help prevent escalation of conflict and violence in an early stage. Lastly, we are exploring how the uture Sustainable
Development Goals,particularly SDG 16 (promote peaceful and inclusive societies) can help catalyze our work and the work of like-minded partners, for instance
by strengthening our efforts to monitor & evaluate the results of our work.

Result Area 2

Effective Rule of Law

Result Question 2a: To what extent do men and women from all social
groups have access to effective and independent justice institutions and have
confidence in the rule of law? (outcome, country level)

The Netherlands supports rule of law both from the Ministry and from embassies. From embassies, we are contributing to rule of law programs in Afghanistan,
Palestinian Territories, Yemen, Uganda, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Burundi, South Sudan, Mali, and Indonesia. The results in these countries are reported in the
separate country fiches whereas the results below focus also on programs outside partner countries, like CAR, Syria, and Somalia.

Sub-goals:
2.1 Men and women from all social groups are aware of their basic rights
and fundamental freedoms and have equal means to access formal and
informal justice systems
2.2 All justice institutions perform their tasks effectively, accountably and in
better coordination, responding to the needs of citizens
2.3 The justice system is independent and effectively curbs abuse of power
by state institutions, armed actors or powerful private actors
2.4 Formal and informal justice institutions effectively address legacies
of human rights violations and serious crimes committed during periods
of armed conflict or dictatorship, and address root causes that give rise to
conflict

In general, the situation on rule of law did not improve significantly in most of the countries in which the Netherlands is providing development cooperation. The
indicators below indicate that the Netherlands support is mostly focused on states that score very low on the Fragile States Index (FSI). Among these are some of
the most fragile countries in the world such as South Sudan (1), Somalia (2), Afghanistan (7) and Yemen (8). Slightly better are countries such as Uganda (22),
Kenya (18), Rwanda(34) and Ethiopia (19). These countries also score better on the standard indicators on rule of law such as the Wold Justice Project and the
Mo Ibrahim Index (although Ethiopia does score lower than Mali on that Index, presumably due to human rights issues). These countries with higher scores are
countries in which the Netherlands is supporting relatively active and successful rule of law programs already for some time. This includes Indonesia, which is
82nd on the Fragile States Index.
Progress in the field of Rule of Law is difficult to measure in the sense that no single indicator exists to measure rule of law development on a global level. On the
other hand, there are several useful indicators, such as the Mo Ibrahim Index African states, which contains a sub-indicator on safety and rule of law. The World
Bank provides some rule of law indicators. The World Justice Project provides a useful set of indicators on civil justice and criminal justice but not on all the
countries where the Netherlands is providing development cooperation. Increasingly, new data is being gathered and developed, but for the moment, a picture
must be formed by using a combination of indicators. The indicators that do exist tend to be generic in nature and focus on rule of law and human rights, rather
than on more specific areas such as access to justice, independence of the judiciary, etc.
States that are highly fragile can easily lapse into conflict. In 2014 conflicts broke out in the Palestinian Territories, Yemen, and Burundi (21). A number of other
countries suffered from continued conflicts (Afghanistan, South Sudan, Mali (36), Somalia, and Syria (15). The relationship between rule of law and stability can
be described as cyclical. The absence of rule of law is undoubtedly a root cause contributing to conflict in these countries. Strengthening the rule of law will
decrease grievances and increase stability. At the same time it is challenging to make consistent and lasting improvements to the rule of law while conflict is
ongoing.
Key for below: Afghanistan: Af Burundi: Bur Ethiopia: Eth. Indonesia: In Kenya: Ken Mali: Mal Palestian Territories: PT Somalia: Som South Sudan: SS
Rwanda: Rw Ukraine: Uk Uganda: Ug Yemen: Yem

Baseline

Indicator 1: Human Rights and Rule of Law

SS n.a., Af: 6;
Yem: 8; Bur: 18;
Rw: 35

Indicator 2: Rule of Law

Af: 0.48; In: 31.25;
Ken:15.87; Rw:
37.98 (2008)

Indicator 3: Confidence in Judicial System

Indicator 4: Civil justice, free of improper government influence (i.e.
independent civil justice) (from a scale of 0 (low) to 1 (high)

Af: n.a. ; Ken:
0.48; Ug. 0.54
(2012)

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

SS n/a; Af: 6;
Bur:; 18; Rw: 35

SS: 4; Af: 7; Yem:
6; Bur: 20; Rw 38

SS: 1; Som: 2; Af:
7; Yem 8; Eth 19;
In: 82 Ug: 22

Fragile States Index (Ranked from 0=very high alert to
178=very sustainable)

Af: 1.42; In: 36.49;
Ken: 27,96; Rw:
50.71

World Bank (Rule of Law rank of country among all
countries in the world, 0=lowest rank, 1.00=highest)

Af:29%, Ken: 45%,
Mal: 38%, Ukr:
17%, Yem: 30%

Af:25%, Ken:61%;
Mal: 41%,
Ukr:16%,Yem:26%

Af:27%,
Ken:51%,Mal:45%,
Ukr:12%,Yem:29%

Gallup World Poll(Percentage of respondents(n) who
have confidence in the judicial system, n=1000)

Af: n.a. Ken: 0.48;
Ug: 0.54

Af: 0.31, Ken:
0.49; Ug. 0.49

Af: 0.32; Eth: 0.49;
Ken: 0.51; Ug:
0.48

World Justice Project Rule of Index (100 is high)

Result Question 2a (remaining indicators):

Baseline

Indicator 5: Criminal justice, free of improper government influence
(scale of 0 (low) to 1 (high)).

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

Af. n/a; Ken: 0.66,
Ug: 0.60

Af: 0.23; Ken:
0.49; Ug.: 0.46

Af: 0.24; Eth 0.53;
Ken: 0.32; Ug:
0.34

World Justice Project Rule of Law Index (1.00 is high)

Af. 0.35; Eth: 0.42;
Ken: 0.45; Ug:
0.41

World Justice Project Rule of Law Index (1:00 is high)

Indicator 6: Rule of law overall standing

Indicator 7: Civil justice, accessibiilty and affordability of civil justice
systems, free of discrimination, corruption, and improper influence by
public officials (scale 0 (low) to 1 (high)

Af: 0.27; Eth: 0.39;
In: 0.47; Ken: 0.44;
Ug: 0.48; Uk: 0.52

Af: 0.32; Eth: 0.36;
In: 0.43; Ken: 0.47;
Ug: 0.48; Uk: 0.49

World Justice Project Rule of Law Index (1:00 is high)

Indicator 8: Constraints on government powers, effectiveness of the
institutional checks by the legislature, the judiciary, and independent
auditing and review agencies. (scale 0 (low) to 1 (high))

Af: 0.43; Eth: 0.35;
In: 0.64; Ken:0.51;
Ug: 0.41; Uk: 0.41

Af: 0.44; Eth: 0.36;
In: 0.64; Ken:0.56;
Ug: 0.39; Uk: 0.45

World Justice Project Rule of Law Index (1:00 is high)

Indicator 9: Mo Ibrahim Index on Rule of Law in African countries

Rw: 15; Ug:18;
Ken: 18; Mal: 27;
Eth: 33; Bur: 40

Rw: 11; Ken: 17,
Ug: 19; Mal: 28;
Eth: 32 Bur: 38

Mo Ibrahim Index (ranking of African countries)

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Result Question 2b: To what extent have your programs contributed to
these results? (output, programme level)

In spite of the worsening situation in respect of increased conflict and fragility in a number of countries, we were able to achieve specific results in rule of law
programming in several areas. In addition to our support to the partner countries (see 2a), which are reflected in the separate result fiches for those countries, we
support several international organizations that implement rule of law programs, including in particular (1) UNDP BPPS Global Program on Rule of Law; (2) IDLO;
(3) ICTJ and 4) some smaller projects by HiiL in Mali and Yemen.
Sub-goals:
2.1 Access to formal and informal justice systems.
The Netherlands earmarked and unearmarked contributions to UNDP, of which 6 million went to the UNDP Global Program on Rule of Law strengthened access to
justice in 29 countries and provided over 360,000 men and over 380,000 women with access to legal aid services. Some of its results included: a Legal Aid Grant
Facility which provided legal services to 522 individuals in Afghanistan; 427 cases of Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) tried in North-Kivu, South-Kivu
and Ituri; 708 SGBV survivors benefited from legal aid and a significant perception survey was carried out in Eastern DRC; 27 million people reached by village
courts in Bangladesh; more than 14,000 individuals, 58% of them women, received legal aid in Gaza, Palestinian Territories.
The Netherlands also enhanced access to justice through IDLO programs which trained 3577 Afghans in a Justice Training Transition Program, among whom 448
women; and supported 19 new entities in the provinces charged with the implementation on the Law on Elimination of Violence Against Women: these entities
received 1674 cases of violence against women. It also contributed to pioneering research in four districts of Somalia on perceptions of customary law, reaching
250 respondents. A "House of Rights" was established for migrant women in Costa Rica and 20 668 decisions were published on an on-line portal in Kyrgyzstan.
The Netherlands, through our partner HiiL, carried out population surveys on justice needs in Mali, Yemen and Indonesia. These surveys were fully taken on board
by national justice officials, and also highlighted the need to support informal justice systems as an important aspect of access to justice, which provides important
guidance to rule of law actors going forward. HiiL also launched projects on "Innovating Justice" which seeks to make justice more accessible at grassroots levels
through innovation.
2.2 Effective and accountable justice institutions
In CAR, the Netherlands assisted the payment of 10 magistrates and 69 prison staff, allowing 366 criminal cases to be settled, through UNDP. UNDP also paid
400 police officers and gendarmerie, contributed to law and order, and renovated 3 police stations. In Mali UNDP rehabilitated 7 prisons and 7 courts. In South
Sudan UNDP participated in training 40 judges and 30 senior prosecutors on human rights and set up an Emergency Call Center in Juba as well as setting up eight
special protection units for sexual violence survivors in 5 states.
The Netherlands, through IDLO supported the establishment of commercial mediation centers in Mongolia, and trained justice at Montenegro’s judicial training
center. It contributed to the establishment of a Joint Implementation Unit within the Ministry of Justice of Somalia, and built the capacity of the Somali Bar
Association, including through the development of a fair trial manual.
2.3 Independence of justice institutions
The Netherlands, through IDLO, helped to strengthen the capacity of Tunisian law enforcement, magistrates and prosecutors to fight financial and economic
crimes and bolstered whistle-blower protection for civil society. The Netherlands through IDLO contributed to the peaceful resolution of election disputes in Kenya
through the training of 90% of the judicial staff tasked with dealing with these disputes. This is particularly important considering the prevalence of election violence
in Kenya and the upcoming elections.
The Netherlands, through HiiL set up a group of justice leaders composed of current or former ministerial level prominent persons from Kenya, Rwanda, Botswana,
Jordan, Guatemala and Tunisia, to bolster judicial independence in different parts of the world.
Baseline
Target 2017
Result 2012
Result 2013
Result 2014
Source

Indicator 1: Number of countries with access to justice programs

Indicator 2: Needs of the population on justice measured

Indicator 3: Number of countries where justice institutions received
support
Indicator 4: Number of state officials assisted on transitional justice

2.4 Transitional justice

Access to justice
UNDP Global Program Rule of law annual report 2014
programs
in 40
In CAR the Netherlands contributed to the establishment of a new special court to address
massive
human rights violations, through UNDP. In Yemen the
countries
Dismissals Commission assisted by UNDP finalized 20,000 cases. 5547 individuals received
lump sum payments. The Transitional Justice Commission finalized
50,000 cases, including 30,000 land cases and 20,000 dismissal cases).
3 population
HiiL website "Highlights 2014"
The Netherlands also supported ICTJ which contributed directly to transitional justice processes
9 countries including Colombia, Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Kenya,
surveys oninjustice
Lebanon, Myanmar, Nepal, Tunisia and Uganda. ICTJ assisted in drafting a law on transitional
justice in Tunisia and assisted the establishment of the Truth and
needs
Dignity Commission; gave crucial support to the Attorney-General’s office in Colombia; and supported police vetting in Kenya. ICTJ carried out crucial research
on the rights of indigenous persons and the impact of disappearances on women.
UNDP Global Program Rule of law annual report 2014
Justice institutions
supported in 40
countries
1071 state officials
provided technical
assistance

ICTJ Annual Report 2014

Result Question 2b (remaining indicators):

Baseline

Result 2014

Source

Indicator 5: Number of transitional justice institutions assisted

Advice provided to
34 TJ institutions

ICTJ Annual Report 2014

Indicator 6: Number of civil society organizations who received advice
on transitional justice

Advice provided to
411 civil society
organizations

ICTJ Annual Report 2014

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result area 2

Effective Rule of Law

B.

In the past year we were able to achieve results in delivering access to justice to individuals even within fragile and conflict-ridden states. Our most significant
contribution in this area was through UNDP. UNDP was aslo able to achieve results on important elements of effective delivery by criminal justice institutions
(police, courts and prisons). UNDP furthermore achieved significant results in terms of addressing sexual violence and on transitional justice. UNDP is succesful
in these areas because of its lengthy experience in fragile or conflict-affected states, and its in-country presences combined with its technical knowhow. The
partnership with UNDP going forward is important to our continued ability to impact particularly on the areas of access to justice and capacity-building of justice
institutions. We maintain a very close relationship with UNDP and have almost weekly contact with them, which enables The Netherlands to give critical steering to
their programs.

Results achieved as planned

Reasons for result achieved:

IDLO too is expanding its programs from Afghanistan, already one of the most challenging contexts to work, to other fragile and conflict-affected states. Likewise,
we maintain a close relationship with IDLO and give extensive input on their program proposals: this process is further facilitated by their presence in The Hague.
ICTJ too recently opened an office in The Hague which enhances our contact with them.
The area where we had the least results was on independence of the judiciary. This is not surprising onsidering the political sensitivity of this topic, but in the
future we will seek to identify additional programs in this area.

Implications for planning:

While the overall situation in regard to rule of law did not improve, since we are working in some of the most fragile or conflict-affected countries, we were still able
to use our funds en staf to make a difference in the lives of many individuals, through access to justice programs and transitional justice initiatives.
It will be important to continue our support to the UNDP Global Programme on Rule of Law, as it continues to produce results in the areas of access to justice and
the effectiveness of criminal justice institutions from the centralized level. This is also true for IDLO. IDLO’s results are very diverse and many of its programs
outside of Afghanistan were established relatively recently. Working closely together with them on the content of future proposals will be necessary.
HiiLL to is an important partner for needs surveys and is currently undertaking such a survey in Ukraine. HiLL surveys also served to highlight the importance of
informal justice systems and their potential link to sharia’ law. We therefore propose deepening our relationship with HiLL.
ICTJ too continues to be an important strategic partner. We will promote futher alignment of their priorities with those of the Netherlands, particularly in relation to
our partner countries. Also, the Netherlands will strengthen its engagement on transitional justice in the coming year, with possible additional support in countries
such as CAR, South Sudan, Mali, Syria and Yemen.
Lastly, we are exploring how the future Sustainable Development Goals can help catalyze our work and the work of likeminded partners, for instance by
strengthening our efforts to monitor & evaluate the results of our work.

Result Area 3
Result Question 3a: To what extent can men and women from all social
groups participate in and influence political and peace processes? To what
extent are peaceful and inclusive mechanisms to resolve and prevent conflict
in place?
Sub-goals:
3.1 Political decision making at all levels is participatory, representative and
inclusive of all social groups
3.2 Domestic and international actors take responsibility for effective
and inclusive mechanisms for peacebuilding and prevention of conflict at
different levels, with an active role for women

Inclusive Political Processes
Results area 3 focuses on inclusive political and peace processes, peace building, conflict prevention and mediation.
Average worldwide peace and stability has decreased slightly in 2014 and our partner organisations report an increase in the intensity of conflicts as well as a rise
in human suffering resulting from these conflicts (UN Department of Political Affairs, International Crisis Group).
The Group Grievance indicator indicates the amount of tension and violence between groups in countries, and the Factionalized Elites indicator indicates the
amount of deadlock and brinkmanship between political leaders, impeding political decision-making. These indicators reveal the level of political inclusiveness and
responsibility of political actors in countries. Both the Group Grievance and Factionalized Elites indicators show a negative trend over the past couple of years for
the 30 countries with the worst overall score on the Fragile States Index. This trend continues in 2014.
Sub-goal 3.1 Participatory, representative and inclusive political decision making:
Countries like Egypt and Thailand experienced a backlash with regards to inclusiveness of all social groups in the political-decision making process as
authoritarian rule was re-instituted there as results of military coups. According to the UN Department of Political Affairs, a dramatic rise in unconstitutional
changes of government can be witnessed globally in 2014, with consequences for political participation and inclusiveness, alongside political instability and unrest.
At the same time, countries like Tunisia made some progress on this sub-goal.
Sub-goal 3.2 Effective and inclusive mechanisms for peace building and prevention of conflict, with an active role for women:
With regards to sub-goal 3.2 the picture is even bleaker; the humanitarian situation in countries like Syria, Libya and South-Sudan (further) deteriorated and no
effective form of (inclusive) conflict resolution has been found. The International Crisis Group reports in its 2014 core report that international actors, such as the
UN Security Council, are "divided on the central geopolitical crises of today" and "power is more diffuse", which leads to mixed results at best. On a more positive
note, 2014 brought a peace agreement for the conflict in Bangsamoro (Philippines) and further progress in the (inclusive) peace talks between the Colombian
government and the FARC.
In the framework of the Post-2015 process the international community is currently identifying proper indicators to monitor progress on the issue of political
inclusiveness and peace building. These indicators can then be used in future result reporting.

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

8.88 (2011)

9.07

9.08

9.24

Fragile States Index - Factionalized Elites (average
score of the 30 countries with the highest overall score
on the Fragile States Index) (lower is better)

8.28 (2011)

8.40

8.50

8.56

Fragile States Index - Group Grievance (average
score of the 30 countries with the highest overall score
on the Fragile States Index) (lower is better)

Indicator 1: Factionalized Elites

Indicator 2: Group Grievance

Indicator 3:

Indicator...

Result Question 3b: To what extent have your programs contributed to
these results?

The programmes funded by the Netherlands achieved tangible results contributing to both the sub goals 1) participatory decision making and 2) inclusive
mechanisms for peace building. Through significant non-earmarked contributions to organisations active in various peace processes around the world the
Netherlands contributed to the successful conclusion of peace agreements. Some of the key results of these organizations supported by the Dutch Government
are:
- The ICCO MFS-II alliance achieved results in enabling and empowering marginalized groups to contribute to ending conflicts in various countries. The number of
women participating in political decision making processes at local, national, and international level has increased significantly, contributing to the implementation
of UN Security Council resolution 1325.
- The UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA) supported dozens of peacemaking processes and political transitions in countries like Syria, Nigeria, Central African
Republic, Libya and Yemen. It was assessed that in 27 out of 33 cases in which DPA intervened, DPA made a positive contribution to conflict prevention and
conflict resolution efforts. In 2014 DPA also provided electoral support to the milestone elections in Afghanistan and Iraq. The unearmarked NL contribution of
USD 1 mln. accounted for 7% of DPA’s total 2014 budget.
- UNDP’s project on the promotion of dialogue and conflict resolution in the MENA-region contributed to enhanced national capacity for mediation in Tunisia. In
Yemen the capacity of 22 local NGOs on conflict resolution and conflict sensitive development was strengthened. At the same time the security situation in Syria,
Libya and Yemen caused delays.
- Interpeace supported peacebuilding in 21 countries in 2014. In Puntland (Somalia) Interpeace hosted the first-ever consultative meeting between the president
and the public, which created a much needed space of dialogue between the community and the government authorities. In Guatemala, Interpeace influenced the
adoption of a youth policy in the country’s most dangerous city, infamous for the violent youth gangs, and is now working with the Municipality on its
implementation. In 2014, NL supported Interpeace with an annual unearmarked contribution of USD 2.8 mln, about 10% of the overall budget.
- International Alert achieved a wide variety of substantive achievements with the support of the NL non-earmarked contribution of GPB 1.127.000 (which accounts
for approximately 9% of IA total 2014 budget). Out of 654 identified local conflicts in target villages in the DRC, local peace committees set up by International Alert
succesfully resolved 251 of them. To prevent possible conflict regarding the oil and gas industry, Alert continued a political dialogue process with Lebanese
political party youth wings together with the Lebanese Petroleum Authority and the Lebanese Ministry of Energy and Water.
- International Crisis Group (ICG) provided reliable field-based analysis and timely policy prescriptions covering up to 40 different conflicts and containing 516
separate policy recommendations. With regards to Iran, ICG continued to offer concrete and innovative ideas for the ongoing diplomatic talks. In Yemen, ICG
functioned as an important reference point for policy consultations, including for the UN Special Adviser for Yemen and core Yemeni stakeholders. The NL
unearmarked contribution of USD 1 mln is around 8% of ICG total 2014 budget.
- Through 35 programmes in 26 different countries in 2014, the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (CHD) operates in the world’s main political crises. CHD’s work
contributed to 11 conflict management agreements in 2014, as well as bringing insight into the developing nature of these crises. In Tunisia, CHD facilitated an
informal dialogue between different segments of Tunisian society which resulted in an agreement on conduct during national elections that led to a peaceful
democratic change of power. In the Philippines, CHD played a foundational role in ending the conflict in Bangsamoro (Philippines) between the Government and
the Moro Islamic Liberation Front through the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro.
- Search for Common Ground (SfCG) trained 788 community land mediators in conflict resolution and mediation in Burundi, Rwanda and the DRC, thereby
strengthening the capacity to peacefully resolve land conflicts in the region.

Indicator 1: Percentage of cases where DPA involvement (that made
use of extra-budgetary resources) made a positive contribution* to
efforts at conflict prevention or conflict resolution or increased political
stability
Indicator 2: number of targeted marginalized groups (in particular
women
youth) have
a recognizable
contribution
in agreement or
*Positiveand
contribution
includes
the signing
of a ceasefire
building
foraconflict
transformation
a peace sustainable
agreement, conditions
launching of
dialogue
process, re-igniting a
stalled process,
the of
provision
ofwomen
specificwho
advisory
services
by experts
Indicator
3: number
targeted
participate
in political
considered
usefulprocesses
and relevant
by UN
or political
actors
and
fed into
decision making
at local
and/or
national
and/or
international
relevant
etc.
level (as consultations,
contribution toprocesses,
the implementation
of UNSC 1325)
Indicator...

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

(2013) 82% (27
out of 33)

n.a.

89% (25 out
of 28 cases
improved)

82% (26 out of 32
cases)

82% (27 out of 33)

DPA XB 2014 framework
report, expected outcome 1

(2011) 2399

14.800

8.246

12.718

14.326

ICCO MFS-II alliance annual report

(2011) 1037

2424

1331

1586

2226

ICCO MFS-II alliance annual report

Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result area 3

Inclusive Political Processes

B.

The Netherlands’ contribution to inclusive political processes is not restricted to the Dutch partner countries, as the (political) decision whether or not to play a role
in resolving conflict is based on development policy as well as geopolitical events, national interest, and humanitarian imperatives. To assure swift action in the
field of conflict prevention and conflict resolution, most of the organizations the Dutch Government works with receive non-earmarked funding, which enables a
flexible and quick response in an often fragile and fluid context. Through working closely together with these organizations strong cooperation developed. An
additional advantage of this cooperation is the access of information and expertise that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs can rely on, resulting in better informed
Dutch policies for engagement in conflict-affected states.

Results achieved as planned

Reasons for result achieved:

To resolve conflict and enhance inclusiviness in political processes, many variables come into play. The results achieved by the organizations supported by the
Netherlands (both specialized NGOs and the UN) could only be achieved by significant (and preferably unearmarked) support.

Implications for planning:

Because of the rise of conflict and the rise in human suffering resulting from this conflicts, the need for sustainable commitment to peace building, conflict
prevention and conflict resolution is significant. Based on the results achieved (even in this complex and difficult environment) by partner organisations like
International Crisis Group, Interpeace, the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue and International Alert, the unearmarked contribution to these organisations will be
renewed for the coming years.
More focus in 2015 will be geared towards addressing some of the emerging threats to peace and security (especially violent extremism) to develop a better
response to ongoing crisis situations.

Result Area 4

Legitimate and Capable Government

Result Question 4a: To what extent are government institutions at all levels
perceived by citizens as legitimate and accountable?

The different indexes with indicators on legitimate and capable government show in general only marginal changes over the past three years. When it comes to
confidence in national government, in particular in Africa a gradual increase can be seen.

Sub-goals:
4.1 Government institutions at all levels implement laws and policies
and deliver core tasks in a manner that promotes inclusive and sustainable
development
4.2 Government institutions at all levels are responsive to needs and views
articulated by citizens and civil society and have functioning mechanisms in
place for internal and external accountability
4.3
Government institutions manage domestic resources and public
finance transparently and have functioning mechanisms in place to reduce
and prevent corruption

Sub-goals 4.1 Government delivery and 4.2 Government responsiveness:
The Mo Ibrahim Index for African States, measuring overall governance, showed a small decrease in good governance in 2014 in comparison to 2013 (0.1), which
would seem negligible. Therefore, to put this into perspective, the Index has also measured this over a 5 year period. The results then show that overall
governance in Africa is still on the rise (+0.9 points over the past 5 years) but has slowed down compared to the previous five years (when the increase was +1.2
points). The index measures overall governance in four categories: safety and rule of law, participation and human rights, sustainable economic opportunity and
human development.
With a score of 8.8 on state legitimacy (Fragile States index, FSI), the top 30 fragile states showed no change between 2013 and 2014. Although there have been
some slight changes in the ranking between those states, for the people living in the 30 most fragile states, there was hardly any state legitimacy. The indicator on
state legitimacy focuses on corruption, government effectiveness, political participation, electoral process, level of democracy, illicit economy, drug trade, protests
and demonstrations and power struggles. The scores in the indicator are from 0-10, with 10 being the worst score and 0 the best.
Sub-goal 4.3 (corruption prevention)
Transparency international measures perceptions of corruption on a yearly basis in its corruption perception index (CPI): Fragile states can be found at the bottom
of the list of 174 countries, being the most corrupt. Corruption is widely spread in many countries and very difficult to combat, which makes it an even bigger
challenge for them. Even 58% of G20 countries score below 50 on a scale of 100. The overall score is even more alarming: not one single country gets a perfect
score and more than two-thirds score below 50.The score of 69% for 2014 means that 69% of all countries score below 50 out of a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to a
100 (very clean). A poor score is likely a sign of widespread bribery, lack of punishment for corruption and public institutions that do not respond to citizens needs
(TI). TI gives a warning to G20 countries: they need to prove their global leadership role and prevent money laundering and stop secret companies from masking
corruption. Corruption appears at the top, mid and lower levels and should be approached at all levels, in order to have a credible effect. Bribes and back room
deals do not just steal resources from the most vulnerable, they undermine justice and economic development, and destroy public trust in government and
leaders.
To indicate just a few countries of interest to the Netherlands on the perceived level of corruption:
Somalia scores the worst, at place no. 174. With 8 points, there was no difference to last year.
Afghanistan went up by 4 points, from 8 to 12 points. This brings Afghanistan to a ranking of 172 out of 175 countries in the world.
South Sudan ends up one place higher than Afghanistan, so place no. 171, improving by one point between 2013 and 2014.
Burundi scored 20 points in 2014, down from 21 points in 2013. It ends up on place no. 159.
Mali improved by 4 points, from 28 to 32 points in the 2014 index. It thereby ranks on no. 115.

Standard indicator: Confidence in National Government in Africa

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

47,1 (2000)

n.a.

51,5

51,6

51,5

Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) Africa
overall score (scale: 0 (no confidence) - 100 (full
confidence).

44%

46%

52%

Gallup Poll (Aggregate % of respondents in African
States who have confidence in national government)

Standard indicator: Confidence in National Government

Indicator on state legitimacy

8,9

n.a.

8,9

8,8

8,8

Fragile states index, top 30 states (scale: 0 (full state
legitimacy) - 10 (no state legitimacy))

Standard indicator: perceived levels of public sector corruption transparency in the budgetary processes (formulation, allocation,
monitoring of expenditures

70% (2012)

n.a.

70%

69%

69%

Transparency International: Corruption perception
index (the percentage of countries that score below 50
on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean)

Result Question 4b: To what extent have your programs contributed to
these results?

The Netherlands has contributed to the results below by supporting projects of several organisations:
- Functioning local government: The Rwandan local government association, RALGA, increased its capacity to inform members on land management issues, a
top development objective in the decentralization of public services in Rwanda. They trained district coordinators, who have now completed their land use plans as
well as 396 sector land managers. This played a significant role in the national land registration performance, which went up to 82% by end 2014. In the
Palestinian Territories (PT), 5 municipalities did an assessment of their local business needs as input into their local economic development (LED) plans. Results
were discussed with stakeholders such as the private sector, NGOs, government agencies, farmers, manufacturers and academics. VNG also ensured women
participation in the training sessions and observed gender balance among stakeholders, as part of the gender mainstreaming of these LED plans.
- Responsive to civil society and women/youth groups needs: Citizens First (Afghanistan) has laid the foundation for constructive government-civil society
engagement by signing MoUs with the Ministries of Education (MoEC), Economy (MoE) and Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL), sensitizing selected
government officials on the benefits of civil society inclusion in policy and budgetary processes. A Political Agenda for Women in Bolivia, aided by IDEA, resulted
in unprecedented numbers of women in the elections (53% in the Lower Chamber and 47% in the Upper House). The Agenda led to transparency and exposure
of women on party lists. In Malawi, more than 20 senior female representatives from different African countries discussed topics such as gender quotas as well as
internal party mechanisms to finance female candidates. SPARK trained aspiring youth in Burundi, South Sudan and the PT in lobby and advocacy in order to
increase their involvement in politics and society. Awareness raising campaigns on nepotism were organized with political parties, the private sector and general
public in the PT, nepotism being a major obstacle for any youth to enter the job market.
- Support to democracy: The acceptance of the new constitution as well as three peaceful elections in Tunesia was aided by the assistance by IDEA to the
national constitutional dialogue. The NIMD worked in Mali on interparty dialogue, which contributed to the final adoption of legislation which gives the opposition
and its leader more rights in parliament. Interparty dialogue in Uganda made 6 parliamentary parties reach agreement on 43 amendments to the electoral system.
Many people joined the NIMD democracy schools programs, where participants acquire basic skills and knowledge to work effectively in a multiparty democracy.
In Burundi, NIMD helped the main 13 political parties to develop their programs with their members. In Tunisia, 63 alumni of the NIMD School of Politics were
candidates in the national parliamentary elections. 10 were elected and 3 became ministers. The IDEA new Electoral Risk Management tool was implemented in
more than 50 countries, such as in Kenya and Nepal. In Mozambique, NIMD set up an election Observation Room, where key electoral stakeholders, were able to
discuss and resolve any irregularities real-time during the elections.
- Transition to democracy: The European Endowment for Democracy supported the emergence of new media and new media actors and political and civic actors
during the transition process in Ukraine. It provided support to enable oppressed activists to continue their work in Egypt. It funded a mobile studio which enabled
citizens across the country to express their political opinions, which was later brought to prime time national Egyptian television.
- Combating corruption: Transparency International UK has completed corruption risk assessments of defense establishments in 53 out of the 54 African
countries. As a result, for the very first time, specific and detailed information is available about corruption vulnerabilities in defense establishments in the whole
continent. This is a critical achievement as the findings of the assessments allow customized reform programs to be devised and implemented.
NIMD, Clingendael Institute and IDEA researched and published a book on Illicit Networks and Politics in Latin America, with the aim to raise awareness of the
growing global problem of illicit networks and the kind of coordinated international approaches that are needed to address it.
There are as yet no easy to use indicators to express improvements/declines of state legitimacy or capacity in figures. We are working on this to come up with
good indicators in the near future.

Baseline

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result area 4

Legitimate and Capable Government

C.

The projects in DSH on a legitimate and capable government take place in fragile and non-fragile states. The results are therefore diverse. Despite that various
organisations working on democracy, such as NIMD, EED and IDEA state a worsening state of democracy in many countries the projects have generated results
as planned.

Results achieved poorer than planned

Reasons for result achieved:

However in some other countries much less results could be achieved. In two countries conflict broke out or continued in 2014: South Sudan and the Palestinian
Territories (Gaza). For the PT, the projects could be restarted after four months and so there the results can be rated as a C (more could have been achieved
without the conflict, but results have been achieved despite the conflict). For South Sudan, the results should be rated as much poorer than planned (score D.)
The conflict lasted the whole year of 2014 (and is still continuing). Minister Ploumen after having visited South Sudan and having noticed that the national
government was unresponsive to the needs of large parts of the population, changd her policy on South Sudan: she will no longer support projects that deal
directly with the national government. This meant that several projects on service delivery and on political participation had to be readjusted, sometimes shifting to
local levels of government. The conflict had its effects on local partner organisations as they are sometimes unable to continue operating for example as the staff
is under threat. The conflict also had effects on movements of people within South Sudan - pastoralists taking different routes than customary, leading to new
conflicts with agriculturalists. Organisations therefore have had to shift their activities. SPARK, focusing on enhancing the political interest for (the problems of)
youth in South Sudan were able to continue their training on enhancing the lobby and advocacy capacity of young people by moving the training sessions to
Nairobi in order for youth of all ethnic backgrounds to participate. The conflict at the national level however hampered the possibilities to draw the interest of
political parties more to the issues of youth.
Fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression and peaceful assembly are increasingly restricted. Organisations often face hindrance in the field, for
example by threats to their local partner organizations. The EED for instance encountered difficulties in Azerbaidjan and Egypt from the side of the governments,
while trying to support those who work on democratic transitions. The EED often has to be very careful to protect the identity of those they are supporting, for the
sake of the security of applicants.
Increasing the responsivity of government to its citizens is an incremental process. Citizens First in Afghanistan has focused on sensitizing the government and
focusing on lobby and advocacy skills of citizen groups. With the establishment of the National Advocacy Committee in the first quarter of 2015 and by linking civil
society at district, provincial and national levels, all building blocks are in place for effective influencing of government policy and budgetary decisions.

Implications for planning:

The threat to democracy and fundamental freedoms and the high risk of conflict in fragile states, due to poor institutions or little government responsiveness,
means that conflict sensitivity is important in all operations. Partners should be very conscious of the impact of their projects, the consequences for the partner
organisations they are dealing with and continously assess the changes that take place. The drive by many organisations to continue their operations, despite
risks and challenges, is encouraging.
In 2015 the setting up of strategic partnerships on lobby and advocacy with Dutch/International (consortia) of NGO’s, the Ministrry of Foreign Affairs and foremost
local partner organisationswill be important. These projects aim at increasing the capacity of citizens to lobby and advocate for their interests as well as increasing
the governments capacity to respond.

Result Area 5
Result Question 5a: To what extent have sustainable basic services and
employment opportunities – especially for marginalized groups - increased
and improved? To what extent do these contribute to a reduction of key
conflict-related grievances as perceived by the population?
Sub-goals:
5.1 Government institutions, (local) civil society and the private sector
increase sustainable employment opportunities in a conflict sensitive
manner, working towards inclusive development and social cohesion
5.2 Governments institutions, (local) civil society and the private sector
improve (equitable access to) basic services in a manner that increases
legitimacy of institutions and social cohesion
5.3 In situations of protracted crisis, national and international actors
support vulnerable groups (including refugees, displaced persons and host
communities) to enhance their resilience and build sustainable livelihoods

Social and Economic Reconstruction
Many of the fragile and conflict affected states (FCAS) where we strive to improve sustainable basic services and employment opportunities with the specific
purpose to reduce key conflict-related grievances, experienced in 2014 greater challenges than in 2013. While some FCAS like South Sudan, Yemen and Syria
suffered from intensifying conflicts with often a regional impact, other FCAS in West-Africa were hit by the outbreak of the Ebola virus disease, making 2014 a
difficult year to reap the fruits of our investments in the social and economic reconstruction of FCAS, as explained in more detail below.
There is little doubt amongst development practitioners and researchers that improved employment and basic services like education, clean water or food security
will contribute to poverty reduction and to stability in developing countries. But the empirical evidence that this theory applies just as well in fragile states, is
however still hardly available. Coupled with the well-known challenges of statistical research in fragile states, this complicates the evidence that results achieved in
this area have contributed - as intended - to a reduction of instability and key conflict-related grievances as perceived by the population. As illustrated below, The
Fund for Peace spotted a few (slightly) positive and many negative social and economic developments in the world’s 30 most fragile states. Sadly, there is no need
to assess to what extent better (access to) basic services and employment opportunities have contributed in 2014 to a reduction of key conflict-related grievances
in the world’s 30 most fragile states, as their average score on The Fund for Peace’s Indicator for Group Grievance worsened once again last year.
5.1 Increased sustainable employment opportunities.
Few doubt that employment in fragile states accelerates development and that conflict sensitive private sector development can contribute to stability. Although the
World Banks male and female labor force participation rate (country data) are not yet available for 2014, it seems unfortunately unlikely that employment
opportunities have substantially improved in many FCAS in 2014. After all, while in most FCAS substantial growth in labor force participation rates was already
absent in 2012 and 2013, the context for such growth seemed in 2014 - as mentioned above - even more negative. Given the lack of available data on (un)
employment rates in 2014 in FCAS, we used the indicator on Poverty & Economic Decline of the Fragile States Index, which is amongst others based on trends
regarding unemployment, youth employment and GDP growth (per capita). This indicator found in the past year a positive economic trend in Burundi, DRC,
Uganda and Ivory Coast. It confirmed negative economic developments in countries such as the Central African Republic, South Sudan, Yemen and Afghanistan.
5.2 Improved (equitable access to) basic services.
According to reporting on the MDGs 2015, in comparison with other developing countries, fragile states are still lagging behind in reaching the MDGs related to
health, reproductive health and education. There is unfortunately no indicator that solely represents trends regarding improved (equitable access to) basic
services. But the Uneven Economic Development indicator of the Fragile States Index includes trends related to rural-urban service distribution and access to
improved services. This indicator noted for instance neither an improvement nor a deterioration in South-Sudan; continuing negative developments in Afghanistan
and the CAR; and a worsening trend in Burundi and DRC, where this indicator had actually reported positive change in the past years.
5.3 Support to vulnerable groups in building sustainable livelihoods.
Because of protracted and new crises, the global number of refugees rose in 2014 from 51,2 to 59,5 million refugees (UNHCR). Sudan, South Sudan, the CAR
and Syria had the worst (and highest possible) score on the Fragile State Index Refugees and IDPs indicator in 2014, creating situations which undoubtedly
threaten the availability of public services and stability. For the improvement of the livelihoods of refugees, IDPs and their host communities, countries in
protracted crisis are highly dependent on foreign aid. Many vulnerable groups in FCAS are facing high rates of under-nutrition, which undermines their capacity to
earn their livelihoods. Although hunger rates in 2014 are diminishing at a global level (from 820 million in 2012 to an estimated 795 million in 2014), they remain
high in countries in protracted crisis: more than three times higher than elsewhere (State of Food Security in the Word, 2015). Luckily, many (inter)national actors
strive to improve the resilience of vulnerable groups. The World Food Programme (WFP) reached in 2014 for instance 12.7 million people with food assistance as
a reward and an incentive to build (community) assets. WFP also provided 8.9 million people with support through cash and vouchers - a 13 % increase compared
to 2013 (WFP Annual report 2014), thus stimulating local markets and resilience.

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

-

n.a.

8.6

8.6

8.8

The Fragile States Index 2014 Public Services
indicator (average of the 30 most fragile states/lower is
better).

n.a.

8.0

8.0

7.9

The Fragile States Index 2014 Poverty & Economic
Decline indicator (average of the 30 most fragile
states/lower is better).

a) 34,5%
b) 57%

UNDP Human Development Report 2014, average of
25 countries ranking lowest on the index (new set-up).

Indicator 1: ‘public services’
Indicator 2 (Subgoal 5.1): Poverty & Economic Decline, including
unemployment

Indicator 3 (Subgoal 5.1): perception of individual well-being:
a) job satisfaction
b) standard of living

Result Question 5a (remaining indicators):

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

Indicator 4 (Subgoal 5.2.) Uneven economic development.

-

n.a.

8,0

8.0

7.9

The Fragile State Index 2014- Uneven Economic
Development Indicator (average of the 30 most fragile
states/lower is better). Relevance is explained above.

Indicator 5 (Subgoal 5.3) Refugees and IDPs. (Pressure associated
with population displacement).

n.a.

n.a.

8.3

8.3

8.6

The Fragile States Index 2014- Refugees and IDPs
indicator (average of the 30 most fragile states/lower is
better).

Indicator 6 (Subgoal 5.3) Number of undernourished (millions) and
prevalence (%) of undernourishment in Africa.

n.a.

n.a.

218.5 mln, 20.7%
(2010-2012)

n.a.

232.5 mln., 20.0%
(2014-2016)

The State of Food Insecurity in the World, FAO, IFAD
and WFP, 2015.

Indicator 7 Group Grievance (existence of violence and tensions
between groups and state stability to provide security)

8.28 (2011)

n.a.

8.40

8.50

8.56

The Fragile States Index 2014- Group Grievance
Indicator (aver. of the 30 most fragile states/lower is
better)

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Result Question 5b: To what extent have your programs contributed to
these results?

The Netherlands (NL) supports various programs that stimulate employment opportunities and equal access to (improved) basic services in fragile or conflict
affected states (FCAS), in order to contribute to their recovery and stability and reduce key conflict-related grievances. Vulnerable or marginalized groups - such
as women, young people, ex-combatants, refugees/IDPs and their host communities - receive special attention in these programs.
In spite of the aforementioned (see 5a) mostly worsening social and economic trends in the world’s 30 most fragile states, we were able to achieve specific results:
5.1.Employment opportunities
The NL supported conflict sensitive initiatives that helped, especially young people, find or create sustainable employment and develop relevant skills. Measuring
results in terms of a reduction of conflict-related grievances in relation to employment opportunities is relatively new to the international community. To stimulate
tackling challenges in this field, the NL organized in 2014 an international workshop, whose results were included in the guidelines of the Donor Committee for
Enterprise Development (DCED).
Programs:
- Our Reconstruction Tender finances (with EUR 120 million for the period 2012-2016) 29 programs of 21 Dutch and foreign NGOs in 24 FCAS. These programs
stimulate among other things, social and economic development in communities affected by conflict or crises. They created in 2014 for instance at least 3200 jobs
and trained at least 2800 people in relevant skills (gender disaggregation data not available). Care’s Foundation for Peace program helped eg. in Afghanistan
1080 female headed households receive an income, 826 women start a business and 510 people receive training in business.
- NGO-programs financed through MFS-II contributed also, in about 40 fragile and non fragile states, to capacity building for Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs), income generation and (vocational) skills, especially for women and young people, which resulted in 2014 in nearly 6.900 jobs and gave 162.800 people
skills training (no country specific numbers available).
- The UN’s Peace Building Fund, to which the NL contributed EUR 5 million (around 6-7% of its total budget of USD 100 million) improved a.o the availability of
vocational training for youth and livelihood opportunities in FCAS.
- The IFC’s Conflict Affected States in Africa (CASA II) program, of which the NL is the largest donor (with a USD 20 million contribution to its multi donor fund for
2014-2018), focused on SME development and job creation in 9 fragile states in Africa and used both a conflict and gender perspective to guide its analyses,
planning and evaluation. CASA II created in 2014 more than 1000 jobs. Note: CASA’s results related to private sector development are reported by the
Sustainable and Economic Development Department (DDE).

Indicator 1 Sub-goal 5.1): # of people having gained income through
centrally funded programs (disaggregated for women)

Indicator 2 (Sub-goal 5.1) # of people trained through centrally funded
programs (disaggregated for women)
Indicator 3 (Sub-goal 5.2 )# People having gained access to conflict
sensitive education through these programs, disaggregated
(men/women/age group).
Indicator 4(Sub-goal 5.2 ) # People having gained access to primary
school

5.2. (Equitable access to) basic services
To promote stability and reduce conflict, the NL supports the provision of (better access to) basic services such as water, health and education in fragile states
through a wide range of programs. The NL contributed to this goal with unearmarked and earmarked funding to both NGOs and international organisations (such
as UNICEF, the World Bank, UNFPA, UNESCO). As basic services are provided in FCAS through both humanitarian aid and development aid, relevant clusters of
the Department for Stability and other thematic departments closely collaborate on this issue. Note: results on reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in fragile
states are listed in the respective result fiche of the Department for Social Development (DSO).
Programs:
- The UNICEF Peacebuilding, Education and Advocacy Program (PBEA) that the NL funded (USD 150 million for 2011-2016) was active in 2014 in 14 fragile
states, eg. Burundi, Somalia, Liberia, DRC and South Sudan. PBEA’s aim is to reduce violence and strengthen reconciliation process by providing social services
to children and communities. In 2014, 97 national education policies were made more conflict-sensitive and more than 38.000 schools, local organizations,
communities and governmental organizations were trained or engaged in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. PBEA trained a total of 2.005.000 community
members in coping with conflict and peace promotion in their homes and communities. The program engaged more than 710.000 marginalized children and youth
in conflict sensitive education in areas affected by conflict. A total of 135 facilities were constructed and/or rehabilitated in conflict affected regions to provide
immediate peace dividend and engage children and youths in conflict-sensitive education.
- Many programs of NGOs funded by the Reconstruction Tender have also contributed to improved (access to) sustainable basic services, eg. by supporting
communities and local governments to better cooperate towards this goal. This resulted for instance in Afghanistan and Pakistan in increased school enrollment:
IRC helped more than 8475 additional pupils (incl. 5455 girls) go to school in 2014.
- Programs of NGOs like ZOA, ICCO and Cordaid, that were financed through MFS-II, contributed in 2014 also, in about 40 fragile and non fragile states, to better
service delivery, such as health care facilities, basic education and access to clean water; for instance gained 110.000 people in targeted communities access to
Baseline
Target
2017 specific Result
2012no countryResult
2013
Result 2014
Source
water sources according
to country
standardsspecific
numbers available).
- The Syria Recovery Trust Fund (SRTF): via the newly established SRTF, the NL contributes to reconstruction, via local councils, in areas in Syria where either
differs
differs
per
program
1.562(242)
4.321
(2183)
II /security,
Reconstruction
Tender
(fragile
ISIS
or per
the Assad-regime
has
been
defeated.245
In 2014, the SRTF started
to implement 18
projects
in sectors IFC
suchCASA
as food
electricity,
water
and states)
program The number of Syrians that benefit
2.343
3.474
(1.131)varies from
6.876
II: ICCO
Hommes
agriculture.
(in)directly from such
a project
several thousand, MFS
to 30.000
andAlliance/Cordaid/Terre
in one case two milliondes
Syrians.
(fragile and non fragile states)
However, there are not yet any indicators available for the SRTF as a whole.
5.3
Support
in building
sustainable livelihoods
differs
per to vulnerable
differsgroups
per program
n.a
117 (33)
2.797 (50)
Reconstruction Tender
Just
as for sub-goal 5.2, the NL strives to achieve
towards sub-goal 5.3162.796
through a wide rangeMFS
of programs
and crosscutting policy des
work.
The NL
program
9.721 tangible results9.679
II: ICCO Alliance/Cordaid/Terre
Hommes
contributed through unearmarked and earmarked funding to relevant work of international organisations and (fragile
NGOs. and
Relevant
units/departments
from the Ministry
non fragile
states)
continuously collaborate towards this goal and related goals.
Programs:
Target 2016
n.a.
710.834
PBEA Draft 2014 Annual Report.
- NGO-programs financed through MFS-II contributed also in several fragile states to for
instance a greater resilience of vulnerable people to climate shocks by
marginalized
providing training on Disaster Risk Reduction to communities in countries such as Ethiopia,
Kenya,
Mali,
Uganda
and South Sudan (Cordaid Alliance Annual
children and youth
report 2014 and Annual report 2014 Partners for Resilience).
- In 2014, the NL set-up Strategic Partnerships to combat Chronic Crises in the Horn of Africa and Great Lakes region. The overarching goal of these partnerships
children
8475
children
Reconstruction
annual
report IRC
is to make people who are vulnerable to the effects of conflict and4415
natural
disasters more
resilient,
by better bridging
the gaptender,
between
humanitarian
aidon
and
and Pakistan.
(incl.3030
girls)of them( are
incl.active
5455 in
girls)
reconstruction. The NL set up such partnerships with seven Dutch
NGO’s: four
the HornAfghanistan
of Africa (CARE
NL, Dorcas, the Dutch Red Cross,
PAX and Tear)and two of them (War Child and ZOA) are active in the Great Lakes region. In 2014, said partners worked mostly on designing their programs,
selecting regions and beneficiaries and starting up their programs. The first tangible results of these partnerships will therefore be included in reporting on 2015.
- WFP: the NL made an unearmarked contribution of EUR 36 million to the general budget of WFP. Results achieved by WFP in 2014 that are relevant to this
sub-goal are i.a.: its support to emergency preparedness and response programs in countries that suffer from protracted crises, the provision of food to 12.7
million people as a reward and an incentive to build (community) assets (eg. protecting, improving and constructing land or roads) and the provision of cash and
vouchers for food to 8.9 million people (13 % more than in 2013), thus stimulating local markets and resilience (WFP Annual report 2014).
- As chair of the UN Commission on Food Security, the NL elaborated - with FAO Member States, UN- agencies, NGOs and the private sector - a Framework for

Result Question 5b (remaining indicators):

Baseline

Target 2017

Result 2012

Result 2013

Result 2014

Source

Indicator 5 (Sub goal 5.2.) # Number of people having received better
access to clean and potable water

n.a.

14.500 people

(Reconstruction Tender) Annual report 2014 World
Vision on activities in Warrap State, South Sudan

Indicator 6.(Sub goal 5.3 )# Number of people receiving assistance in
the form of cash and/or vouchers

n.a.

8.9 million (13%
more than in 2013)

WFP in 2014. Facts and Figures.

549

Partners for Resilience Annual Report 2014 (MFS-II)

Indicator 7.( Sub goal 5.3 ) # Number of communities that developed
collective risk reduction plans based on risk assessments that take
account of information about climate change and its impact on
disasters in Uganda, Zuid Soedan, Ethiopie, India, Kenya, Mali and
Nicaragua

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

Indicator...

22

Target 2015: 177

n.a.

512

Assessment of results achieved by NL across the entire Result area 5

Social and Economic Reconstruction

C.

Preferring to make a conservative assessment of the mixed results achieved in 2014 (of which some are listed under question 5a and b), we conclude that these
results were poorer than planned. This can mostly be attributed to external causes. The impact of the outbreak of the Ebola virus disease on West-African FCAS
and the deteriorating situation in South Sudan, Yemen and Syria for instance seriously affected in 2014 the socioeconomic reconstruction programs we supported
in these or neighbouring countries. Said negative developments complicated and delayed many activities, stopped certain activities for months on end (in eg.
South-Sudan) and even destroyed some of the outputs of previous or running programs in South-Sudan. Our decision in 2011 to let NGOs whose programs are
supported through the Reconstruction Tender choose their own result indicators and monitoring framework, has also dispersed, instead of focused, their results;
making certain commendable results seem nowadays less relevant for our result areas. Lastly, it is not just complex but also expensive to try to assess whether
activities to improve basic services and employment opportunities are actually helping to reduce key conflict-related grievances. Final evaluations that measure
the impact of our programs will surely help to answer this question in the next two years, when programs supported through the Reconstruction Tender will come
to an end.
On the positive side, organizations like UNICEF, WFP, the Syria Recovery Trust Fund or the IRC proved in 2014 once again that it is possible to deliver valuable
socioeconomic results even in extremely fragile circumstances. The importance to boost socioeconomic development in FCAS in a conflict sensitive manner to
increase inclusive development and social cohesion was increasingly acknowledged in words and actions by national governments of FCAS and their international
partners, such as the World Bank, the IFC, the ILO and bilateral development partners and networks (OECD, GPED, INCAF).

Results achieved poorer than planned

Reasons for result achieved:

Implications for planning:

During the design in 2015 of a financing instrument that will succeed the Reconstruction tender, we will ensure that the NGO-programs that it will support, will
pursue results and use result indicators that closely mirror the result areas and our Theory of Change for the thematic spearhead Security & Rule of Law. We
continue to invest substantial means in the improvement of our efforts to monitor & evaluate our work with likeminded partners, just like we did in 2014. We
continue to build innovative partnerships that seek to respond better to the complex challenges in FCAS, for instance by setting up a Strategic Partnership for
Lobbying and Advocacy with Cordaid and its partner organizations to restore the social contract in six fragile states.
The waves of migrants that risk their lives to reach the member states of the European Union, strengthens our commitment to help create sustainable employment
opportunities - especially for youth - and (access to) better basic services in FCAS in a conflict sensitive manner, since we are convinced that such work will help
to improve people sperspective on a future in their home region. Because of the expected long duration, intensity and complexity of various crises, we continue to
strengthen the linkages between our work and the work on interlinked themes, such as peacebuilding, access to justice, humanitarian aid and good governance.
Lastly, we are exploring how the future Sustainable Development Goals can help catalyze our work and the work of likeminded partners, for instance by
strengthening our efforts to monitor & evaluate the results of our work.

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