PROJECT LIST CONTRIBUTION - THE NETHERLANDS
INTRODUCTION
In line with the other replies of The Netherlands to elements of the Task Force questionnaire and its interventions in the Task Force meetings, The Netherlands
underlines the importance it attaches to stimulating investment, notably in the private sector. Structural reforms are key for Europe’s future economic growth
and competitiveness and will allow Member States to establish a sustainably improved investment climate, resulting in a higher level of available market
financing for viable investments. Furthermore, improved access to mezzanine finance and equity for SME’s and Midcaps, flexibility and higher risk capacity of
European financing facilities, as well as bundling of fragmented financing needs are among the solutions suggested by The Netherlands to further stimulate
investment.
The list below aims to present an illustrative sample of potential and existing projects, programs and instruments (from now on all referred to as ‘projects’),
which The Netherlands considers to illustrate bottle necks and/or potentially viable possibilities for investment in the Dutch and EU context. This list illustrates
some of the issues mentioned in the Task Force, it is however not limited to them. This list has been composed guided by the sectors and cross cutting issues
mentioned in the Task Force Terms of Reference and the questionnaire template. Not all bottle necks for investment in these sectors could be reflected in this
list, moreover bottle necks to investment and other negative factors outside these sectors exist and do not necessarily have less impact on growth and
competitiveness. It is also important to note that the order in which the list has been drawn up does not imply any differentiation regarding the importance The
Netherlands attaches to the projects themselves or the underlying issues they represent.
Although this list has been composed with the greatest level of care possible within the time constraints of the Task Force process, it remains important to
stress its illustrative and non exhaustive character. As was agreed in the Task Force, this is a contribution to an indicative Task Force list. Given the short time
frame, unfortunately only a limited group of stake holders could be consulted, mainly, though certainly not exclusively, national government ministries. Their
input was largely based on the existing information and contacts at their disposal. This limited process was only deemed acceptable by all involved in view of
the mentioned illustrative and non exhaustive character of the list. Moreover, to irrevocably establish the economic, financial and social-economic viability and
impact of some of these projects, their assessment should take place through a more extensive process using appropriate and clear criteria, taking more time
than was available to compose this list. The list is therefore in no way to be regarded as an exhaustive, formal or final pipeline of investment possibilities in the
Netherlands.
When projects appear on this list, this does not imply or exclude current or future commitment of public funding from the Dutch national government, nor from
any other level of government, private parties, or the European level. Nor does it imply or exclude current or future endorsement of or commitment to these
projects by Dutch political decision makers. Projects not included in the list are not excluded from any Dutch public funding, European funding or political
endorsement. Commitment of any public funding to the listed projects will require them to comply with the same criteria and processes as applied to non-listed
projects requesting the same funding. In short, no rights can be derived from appearance or omission of a project on this list.

Finally, while we have avoided the selective listing of individual investments by private enterprises, we wish to signal the existence of several potential
investments that could be unlocked/facilitated by a less restrictive policy of the European Investment Bank (either directly or as a result of the use of EU funds)
with regard to – for example - the following issues:
•
Limited risk capacity/appetite, often forcing them to be more conservative than many of the large commercial banks.
•
Limited (EU supported) EIB firepower for innovative/growth companies in the Midcap category, and only for loan amounts until 25 mln. No EIB appetite or
even eligibility for loan amounts between 25 and 70 mln. This is a very important size-category for Midcaps or companies just beyond the Midcap limits, in
particular for growth and innovation, who are often in real need of medium term financing from the EIB.
•
A rigid model for the loan agreement, which in some cases makes it hard to co-finance projects together with local banks, including promotional banks, or
under certain state guarantees.
•
Restrictive sector policies, for example in transport, even where EIB financing is highly additional to private financing possibilities.
•
Demanding requirements for intermediaries, for example with regard to reporting and the definition of certain eligible client categories (eg. SME’s)

PROJECT LIST

CROSS CUTTING ISSUES
Sector

Sub-sector

Project
name

Implementing
agency

Description

SME’s

SME’s with a
stable growth
path

Non-bank
financing
alternatives
–
Developmen
t of
alternative
financing
platforms

Non-bank
market parties
with a focus on
SME finance

For SME’s alternatives for
bank financing are needed.
E.g. crowdfunding, credit
unions, SME bond issuers
and supply chain finance are
on the rise, but lack the
funds to reach out to a
bigger part of the SME
market

SME’s

SME’s in
growth fase

IMF-SME :
International
Mezzanine
Fund for
SME’s

Financial
intermediary,
different semiprivate-public
actors possible

International fund for
mezzanine finance targeting
financial needs of viable and
(fast) growing SME’s.

SME’s

SME’s

Very fast
growing /
expanding
innovative
SME’s

Expansion
phase coinvestment
fund

SME’s in
growth fase

Renewable
raw

Potentially EIF

Ministry of
Economic

Large scale co-investment
vehicle for fast expanding
phase. Deal size range €5€40 mln.

In Europe the urgency to
move to a biobased economy

Included
in
national
investm
ent plan
(yes/no
)
Related
to
national
program
me

SME
Action
Plan

SME
Action
Plan

Yes

Status

Total
investment
cost
(EUR bn)

Investment
in 2015 –
2017
(EUR bn)

Barriers/solutions

In
development

Based on a
400 mln
Dutch partial
guarantee
instrument,
the intention
is to mobilize
a multiple of
this amount
in private
financing
For 5-year
fund in total
€ 1 bln
funding for
Dutch
market.

Depending on
market
development,
1-5 bln
(rough
estimate) EU
wide

Non-bank alternatives lack
the track record to get the
funding they need to lend
to SME’s. EIB could be a
corner stone investor to
kick start investment
platforms and catalyze
private funding.

€ 600 mln for
NL.

There is scarce availability
of mezzanine finance for
fast growing companies in
the EU. Solution could be
a European corner stone
investment in a mezzanine
fund operating at EU level.

Early stage of
development.
Could be set
up within one
year.

Early stage of
development

For EUmarket a x?
multiple
For 5-year
fund in total
€ 500 mln to
€800 mln. for
EU-market

0,1 (5 years,
20 milliono a

X? multiple
EU wide.

€ 250 mln to
€500 mln. for
EU-market
€ 100 mln in
NL.

0,06

Lack of large scale
investment funds/rounds
in EU compared to the US.
Now it happens regularly
that US-funds benefit from
the EU early stage
investments. Solution
would be an EU-wide coinvestment fund managed
by the EIF.

Biomass investments are
often too big for local

Innovative
companies

Mainly
innovative
SME’s and
midcaps with
substantial
investment in
innovation
projects for
new products,
processes and
services

materials.
Biomass
investments.

Affairs

is higher than in the rest of
the world, because of the
price difference of fossil fuels
compared to the US (shale
gas) and the Middle East
(oil).
The project offers support for
SME’s to
Expand their business with
the use of renewable raw
materials.

IPFS :
Innovation
Project
Finance
Scheme

National
Promotional
Bank / NPB

Debt funding through a
portfolio strategy for
innovative SME’s and
midcaps with substantial
investments in projects for
new products, processes and
services.
With this approach, instead
of a subsidy instrument, it is
feasible to create an
investment capacity of more
than five times. Similar to
the RSI-concept.

Funding from
Investment
Platform
vehicle/EIB
group

year)

yes

Under
development,
possible to
implement
within 1 year

Yearly
investment
cost 50 up to
100 mln.
Private
capital
leverage 2
times or
higher

Depending on
market
developments
between 150
-300 mln

banks (€ 20 - € 30 mln.),
but too small for specific
financing projects.
Biomass is a very specific
market and bankers lack
knowledge of it.
The prices of biomass raw
materials are quite
volatile. Finally, the
cascaded value chains are
not yet closed and this
makes investment for the
whole value chain difficult.
Bank and other private
investors are very
reluctant to invest in
private innovation projects
of these companies.
European matching of
national instruments
which accept a small but
predictable loss of a small
part of the investment
portfolio enables private
investments for activities
with substantial economic
return and spin off. No
such facilities exist at the
moment.
EIB-group funding of this
project portfolio with
limited loss taking by ECinstruments could enable
these innovation
investments.

KNOWLEDGE AND THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Sector

Sub-sector

Project
name

Implementing
agency

Description

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

Public and
Private R&D

Smart
Industry

FME, VNONCW, Chamber
of Commerce,
Ministry of
Economic
Affairs

As part of an Action Plan
Smart Industry 10 fieldlabs
will be started. Goal is to
invest in de digitalisation of
the Dutch Industry.
We aim to cooperate with
several countries, like
Germany, Belgium, France,
UK and Denmark.

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

Public and
Private R&D:
Health

Pallas
foundation

PALLAS is the future, multipurpose nuclear research
reactor which will ensure the
European security and
independence of the supply
of medical radioisotopes
beyond 2020. PALLAS is set
to replace the High Flux
Reactor in Petten which
currently supplies 60% of
the European demand for
medical radio-isotopes and
30% of global demand.
PALLAS will provide nuclear
research and irradiation
services for public and
private R&D in medical
isotopes, industrial isotopes
and nuclear security.

PALLAS

Included
in
national
investm
ent plan
(yes/no
)
Yes

National
and
regional
governme
nts
provided
EUR 80
mln
financing
for early
developm
ent
stages
(design
and
licensing)

Status

Total
investment
cost
(EUR bn)

Investment
in 2015 –
2017
(EUR bn)

Barriers/solutions

Action plan is
ready. Smart
Industry 10
fieldlabs will
be started in
2015.

0,09

0,09

(first 10
fieldlabs, 20
more to
come)

(first 10
fieldlabs, 20
more to
come)

Preparations
have started
early 2014
and a project
organisation
is in place
(PALLAS
foundation)
Design
(procurement
) licensing
will start in
2015.
Procurement
for
construction
and start
construction
planned for
2017-2018
period.

0,6

0,2

International
standardization of
industrial supply chains.
Cybersecurity and privacy.
Business models in
respect of big data.
Fieldlabs will be the main
part of the solution.
International cooperation
is essential. Financing the
international
standardization only by
private investments is
difficult, so initial public
financing is needed to
kick-start these
investments.
Barriers: Assessment of
PALLAS business case is
positive. However
historically low pricing of
medical radio-isotopes,
market failure and lack of
European policy have
made private investors
hesitant. A combination of
predominantly private
financing and EC and EIB
financing is envisaged.
Solutions: 1. a EUR 0.2 bn
European investment will
leverage private financing
for PALLAS. 2.
Implementing EU-policy
on the security of supply
of medical radioisotopes
will further improve the
business case of PALLAS
and other European

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

Public and
Private R&D

QuTech

EC for core
project;
Partnering
projects by
participating
countries and
industry

Next wave of innovation:
Quantum Technologies
Research & Venture
Initiatives. A novel
partnering approach to boost
innovation in Europe through
excellence in quantum
science and engineering to
ensure safe and secure
communication and to boost
ICT industry and
employment in Europe. This
way EU can regain leadership
compared to US and Asian
ICT industries.

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

ICT
infrastructure

Fast
broadband
roll-out in
rural areas

Regional
authorities

Roll-out of fast broadband
(>30MB/s), both fixed and
mobile, in less densely
populated areas.

Yes

Planning in
EU quantum
community
started in
2014.
Member
States
recently
initiated
several
initiatives
that can join
forces,
starting in
2015.
Venture
Capital in
Europe has
started to
investigate
this topic in
2014.*
Setting up a
joint public
private
investment
fund could
take shape in
2015.
(*draft report
available)
Planning
stage

1

0.4

0,4

0,2

research reactors.
Barriers: lack of high-risk
investments from existing
industries (more risk
averse than US
counterparts) and the
absence of early-stage
angel-investors and
venture funds. Additionally
national research
initiatives are fragmented.
Solution: In Quantum
Technology, Europe has a
lead scientific position. If
the EU can synergize
existing national programs
by adding a joint core
research programme
directly coupled to strong
venture capital / angel
investment stimulating
measures, the EU can stay
ahead in innovation as
well. This will create
growing private capital
investments in EU and
leverage the birth of a
new industry.

Barriers: The return to
investors from
subscriptions is lower than
needed to justify the
investments. Benefits to
society from including
these areas in the digital
single market do not
accrue to investors. Public
money to fill the gap is
scarce.
Solutions: use of financial
instruments to better
leverage scarce public
money, as well as risksharing operations to
support local broadband

Knowledge
and the digital
economy

Public and
Private R&D

Investments
in science:
Large scale
research
Infrastructur
e and einfrastructur
e

Ministry of
Education
Culture and
Science/ NWO
(Dutch research
council)

Investments in research
infrastructures and in einfrastructures

Knowledge
and the digital
economy

Public R&D

Investments
in science:
1. Thematic
technology
transfer

Ministry of
Education
Culture and
Science/ NWO
(Dutch research
council),
Ministry of
Economic
Affairs, Ministry
of Health

Pool excellent science and
professionals and dedicated
technology transfer from
several universities and
knowledge institutes
together along the lines of a
theme, such as
cardiovascular research or
oncology

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

Public and
Private R&D

Investments
in science :
industrial
doctorates

Ministry of
Education
Culture and
Science/ NWO
(Dutch research

Programme to increase the
number of phd’s in the
private sector to increase the
use of knowledge by the
government. The aim is

Yes, on a
small
scale
together
with
stakehold
ers
related to
the
theme.

Investment
decisions
have to be
taken. NL has
a roadmap
aligned with
ESFRIroadmap for
panEuropean
Infrastructure
s.
Regarding einfrastructure
s a plan for
e-science is
present at
NWO

1.5

0.5

On a national
scale there
are pilots.
The health
foundations
like to invest
as well.

0,2

0.1

Initiative has
been
announced
by Dutch
Government

p.m.

p.m.

infrastructure projects.
Despite EU support for
feasibility studies
contributing to the
maturity projects, and
existing EIB-facilities,
national MS investments
have been too low to
implement ambitions.
Additional European
investments will leverage
the national considerations
and especially private
sector contributions to
implement the ESFRI
roadmap.
The same holds for einfrastructures. Using
public funds (from the
existing available
resources) to catalyze
private sector financing
could be considered. To
enable increased private
participation reviewing
state aid regulations could
also be considered.
The model is proven by
the VIB (Vlaams Institute
for Biotechnology). Now a
scaling up of a pilot in
some sectors would result
in much more translation
of science into innovation.
These are modest
initiatives with high EU
wide public and private
spin off. Current EU
eligibility criteria for EUlevel R&D resources (e.g.
requirement to involve
other MS) present a
barrier for further
investments.
More effective links are
needed between higher
education, research and
business, including
effective knowledge

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

Public

Public R&D

Applied
research
infrastructur
e
Examples :
Phase
Transition
Lab, DATA
science
center,
Geocentrifug
e, Testing
facilities, ICT
big data &
sensor lab,
high energy
systems
integration
lab, smart
cities fieldlab
R&D
investment
fund

council)

several hundreds of phd’s.

in September
2014 (Growth
Letter), to
pursue a
charter with
the private
sector (20152025).

RVO

Research infrastructure

New.

0,1 p.y.

0,03

Ministry of
Economic
Affairs

Revolving fund for research
infrastructure and public
private partnerships

New

0,1

0,1

Public and
private parties

TKI Agri&Food, Top Institute
Food and Nutrition, the
applied research institutes
DLO en TNO build bridges
between academic research
and product development.

Business plan
has been
developed in
2014 as a
Public Private
Partnership.

0,03

First round
financing of €
8 mln in
2015-2016.

(toekomstfo
nds)

Knowledge
and the Digital
Economy

Applied
Research
Infrastructure
s
Example 1

Grand
Design,
Dutch Food
& Biobased
Centre

transfer activities and
business-academia staff
exchanges. EU funding
could contribute to
planned agreements with
the Dutch private sector,
resulting in considerable
private investments in
phd’s.
Applied Research
Institutes are developing a
Strategic Research
Facilities plan.
Part of the investments in
facilities will however not
be profitable, without
risking to outprice the use
of the facilities towards
third parties on an
international playing field.
Fully privately funded
facilities are hard to
realized. The Strategic
Research Facilities Plan
will therefore have to take
into account new and
modern ways of financing.

Investments in R&D
require public participation
to attract interest of
private parties. Nonrevolving investments
should be covered by
additional public budgets.
The total investment
package of € 100 does not
cover the investment
needs in research
infrastructure and public
private partnerships.
To bring existing research
together, a new research
centre including facilities
needs to be built.
Precompetitive research
programmes on Food and

Innovation is stimulated to
meet societal and industrial
needs. Research
infrastructures, research
programmes and valorisation
activities will be joined. A
new 'open innovation'
research centre, including
research infrastructure and
ICT facilities,will be built in
Wageningen. New research
progammes in Food and
Nutrition and Biobased will
be developed.

Public and
Private R&D:
Agri&Food

Applied
Research
Infrastructure
s

Protein
Competence
Centre

Public and
private parties

Seven companies from the
food and feed business and
six knowledge institutes from
Holland combine their
knowledge on proteins.

Carbohydrat
e
Competence
Centre

Public and
private parties

CCC is a centre of expertise
on carbohydrates. CCC is
cooperation of 6 knowledge
institutes with 19 (bigger)
companies. Goal is to
improve the innovation
power of Agro&Food,
Chemistry, Life Sciences and
Health and Energy
industries.

Example 2
Public and
Private R&D:
Agri&Food

Applied
Research
Infrastructure
s
Example 3
Public and
Private R&D:
Agri&Food

About 200
private
international
companies
participate.
Links to other
Dutch
universities
and academic
hospitals.
Links with
European
programs,
such as EIT
are
envisaged.
Start in
2015.
New research
programme
on proteins is
needed
focussing on
the societal
need
resulting in
increasing
demand for
high quality
protein
world-wide.
Start in
2015.
New research
programme
on
carbohydrate
s is needed
to perform
research on
the societal
need
resulting in
increasing
demands for
carbohydrate
s for healthy
food and
biobased

Nutrition and Biobased
need additional
investments to match
current public and private
investments and build a
world class research
infrastructure. Public
funding can contribute to
scarcely available private
investments.

0,006

0,006

Benefits to society and
industry exceed the
benefits to individual
public and private
research partners. Initial
public financing is needed
to kick-start private
investments and balance
investment costs and
benefits of the partners.

0,006

0,006

Benefits to society and
industry exceed the
benefits to individual
public and private
research partners. Initial
public financing is needed
to kick-start private
investments and balance
investment costs and
benefits of the partners.

Applied
Research
Infrastructure
s

Holst

Public and
private parties

This partnership from TNO
and IMEC is a world class
innovation centre on
micro/nano technology and
fonotica. Holst is established
in the High Tech Campus in
Eindhoven and is supported
by 40 industrial companies.
Holst has 180 employees
with 28 nationalities. Holst is
a good example of the
situation at several
public/private R&D centres.

Vanguard
initiative

Regional and
local
governments in
partnership
with private
parties

A fund of funds for piloting
the Industrial Renaissance.
Three pilot actions to
develop networks of
demonstrators: high
performance production
through 3D printing, efficient
and sustainable
manufacturing, off shore
energy applications.

Example 4
Public and
Private R&D:
High Tech
Systems and
Materials

All

Private and
Public R&D :
Smart
specialisation

applications
world wide.
Holst needs
certainty
about funding
after 2016.
This is
necessary for
the facilities,
development
s of demo
plants and
long term
research
programs.
This certainty
will improve
the position
of Eindhoven
as high tech
region
(Brainport).
new

0.04

0.02

Benefits to society and
industry exceed the
benefits to individual
public and private
research partners. Public
financing is needed to
kick-start private
investments and balance
investment costs and
benefits of the partners.
This problem occurs in
many other public-private
R&D partnerships. Holst
should therefore be seen
as an example out of
many.

100 mln

10 mln

In the present business
climate, barriers for
investing can be reduced
by appropriate
mechanisms for cocreation and risk sharing.
Therefore the Vanguard
Initiative for new growth
through smart
specialisation has engaged
its partners in exploring
solutions to leverage
public-private investments
through EIB/EIF. The
Vanguard Initiative
proposes to start a
process for a coinvestment mechanism
which combines
regional/national risk
capital funds with a
European fund of funds,
sharing risks and sharing
futures.

ENERGY UNION
Sector

Sub-sector

Project
name

Implementing
agency

Description

Energy
Union

Connections
and
Production /
Energy
Efficiency:
Better use of
industrial heat

Regional
heatinfrastructur
e:
Rotterdam;
Amsterdam;
ArhemNijmegen;
Geleen;
Noorden

Local
government,
province;
energy-,
chemistryhorticultural, housing sector

Construction of large scale
heat infrastructure in 6
regional clusters for the
efficient use of industrial
heat and use of residual heat
for horticultural clusters and
housing. Connection of
geothermal heat.
Combination with CO2
delivery for horticultural use.

Private parties

Private parties are planning
to build a steam pipeline with
residual heat. This residual
heat is beneficial for the
whole chemical cluster in the
Eemsdelta. The pipeline will
reduce steam prices and
make the cluster more
competitive. There are
environmental benefits. The
investment in the new steam
pipe line will double the
amount of Green Energy
produced.
Project building steam
pipelines that make sharing
of residual heat possible. The
pipeline will reduce steam
prices and make the whole
chemical en energy cluster in
the Port of Rotterdam more
competitive. There are
environmental benefits as
well.

Example 1 :
Chemical
Industry

Example 2:
Chemical
Industry

NB :
Examples
below !
Steam
pipeline in
Eemsdelta

Steam
pipeline in
Port of
Rotterdam

Private parties

Status

Total
investment
cost
(EUR bn)

Investment
in 2015 –
2017
(EUR bn)

Barriers/solutions

Design,
study,
business
case,
investment
plan ready.

1.5

1.0

Investment barrier:
Return on investment
takes long. Public funds
may be needed to catalyze
private investment.

Part of
Dutch
energy
agreemen
t

Akzo/EnecoPr
ivate parties
are ready for
the
investment
but financial
hurdles exist.

0,15

0,15

Investment barrier:
Return on investment
takes long. Public funds
may be needed to catalyze
private investment.

Part of
Dutch
energy
agreemen
t

The first
pipelines
have been
built, but
there are
opportunities
for more.
Companies
are reticent
to make
these extra

0,37

0,2

Investment barrier:
Return on investment
takes long. Public funds
may be needed to catalyze
private investment.

Included
in
national
investm
ent plan
(yes/no
)
Part of
Dutch
energy
agreemen
t

Energy
Union

Connections
and
Production

Off shore
wind

Ministry of
Economic
Affairs and
private partners

Realisation off 5x700 MW off
shore wind.

Part of
Dutch
energy
agreemen
t

Energy
Union

Connections
and
Production:
Geothermal
steam

Deep
geothermal
energy

Dutch
Enterprice
Agency

Part of
Dutch
energy
agreemen
t

Energy
Union

Connections
and
Production:
Geothermal
heat

Acceleration
geothermal
horticulture
plan

Dutch Farmers
Organisation

Deep bore-holes for
geothermal energy 4-6
projects. This pilot at ultra
deep level would reduce the
technical risks for future
projects and gives more
insight in geological risks.
Project has considerable spin
off effects regarding know
how for future projects and
is scalable.
Geothermal heat for green
house horticulture: 5 PJ
reduction fossil energy in
2020 by circa 60 bore-holes.

Part of
Dutch
energy
agreemen
t

investments.
First tender
will be
granted in
the period
2015-2019.
Start
construction
will be 2017,
start energy
production in
2019.

12

2

These are large ticket
investments requiring long
term financing and
potentially also
subordinated facilities at
different stages of
development. Availability
in the market is scarce,
and the EIB has limited
capacity in particular
where size and risk taking
has to be combined. EIB
as a corner stone financier
also with mezzanine
financing is important to
catalyze private financing
(also after construction
phase), including
institutional investors.
Cooperation between EIB
and National Investment
Institute (NII) could be
explored.

Business
case,
investment
plan ready.

0.5

0.1

High technological and
geological risk present an
investment barrier for
current business cases.
Sufficient risk capacity and
availability of European
funds needed.

Business
case,
investment
plan ready.

0.45

0.2

Insufficient financial buffer
of horticulture enterprises;
front loaded spending is
high; return on
investment takes long.
Bundling/structuring of
investments and equity
investments in horticulture
enterprises needed.

Energy
Union

Connections
and
Production:
Port

ROAD

Private parties

Project for CO2 capture,
transport, and storage from
the Port of Rotterdam in the
sea.

Ready to
start.

0.2

0.2

Energy
Union

Energy
Efficiency:
Steel sector

Hisarna

ULCOS

In 2009 the Public Private
Partnership ULCOS (Ultra
Low CO2 Steelmaking)
started with testing new
technologies for pig iron.
This is called the Hisarnaproces. This process costs
20% less energy and results
in a reduction of 20% of
CO2-emissions.

After four
phases of
testing a
European
partnership
(GER, LUX,
NL) will start
scaling of the
pilot phase to
produce pig
iron from the
beginning of
2015 for a
period of 6
months. This
requires big
investments.
Pilot phase
(without
refurbishment
subsidies)
starts to
transition into
scaling up
delivery in
2015.

0.3

0.3

Social
housing deal
implicates 6
bln for Dutch
market.

Until 2017:
1.5 bln for
Dutch market
only for social
housing.

Making that
succeed will
be the
catalyst for
offerings in
the private
market.
Implicating
additional 2
bn / year
market.

Additional 1.5
bln for private
homes.

Energy
Union

Energy
Efficiency in
Buildings

Energie
Sprong
(« Energy
jump »)

Energie
sprong

The consequence of a
possible delay in scaling of
the pilot phase is that
qualified employees will
leave and the installation will
become obsolete.
Energiesprong an
independent, non-for profit
market development team,
supports greater scale and
reinforces the existing
energy efficiency market
structuring energy efficiency
refurbishment programs for
buildings. The program
created the market
conditions to broker a deal
for 111.000 Net Zero Energy
refurbishments for social
housing in the Netherlands.
Refurbishments are done
within 10 days per house,
financed off the energy bill
savings and come with a 30year energy performance
warranty from the builder.
This deal is driving the
construction sector into a
transformative innovation
trajectory, based on
prefabrication and

The current CO2 price is
too low to make this
project economically
profitable. This issue
applies to a broader range
of projects involving CO2.
The project can help the
European steel sector to
improve its
competitiveness,
especially v-a-v
competitors in low-cost
energy countries like the
US. Banks are reluctant
with financing and it’s
hard for the companies to
invest because of the low
margins on the steel
market. Low CO2-prices
are a factor.

Barriers: Sufficient
affordable financing, also
for the non-guaranteed
investments in the
affordable housing and
private home owners
category.
Solution: Existing EIB
funding for targeted funds
could be expanded.

industrialisation. Current
solutions are based on a new
building envelope, which
integrates production,
insulation, ventilation and
efficient consumption. An
impression:https://www.yout
ube.com/watch?v=5Do2IMB
8xQs&list=PLjsYYZd8kqH7npZw37P830BozqKeCL
Gd&index=3

Energy Union

Energy
Efficiency in
Buildings

“EnergieRijk
Den Haag”

Ministry of the
Interior and
Kingdomrelatio
ns, local
government in
partnership
with private
parties

Additional funding is needed
to:
- drive suppliers of builders
to develop better
components for the retrofit
package
- Piloting support for the
private homeowner market
Within the project
“EnergieRijk Den Haag” the
national government
cooperates with the
municipality of The Hague for
more reliable, cleaner and
cheaper energy. Its focus is
on properties owned by the
national government, the
municipality and any other
parties around the Hague
Central Station.
The Hague and the
government will explore how
sustainable energy can be
realized with an area-specific
approach. Consider
integration of existing
thermal storage systems, the
use of district heating for
energy exchange between
buildings and the use of
decentralized technologies
such as geothermal energy
generation and solar panels.
The experience gained in the
field of finance,
procurement, technology and
organization may in the

Part of
Dutch
energy
agreemen
t

Business
case,
investment
plan ready.

PM

PM

High technological risk is
currently a barrier for the
business case. Sufficient
risk capacity and
availability of European
funds needed in order to
catalyze private financing.

Energy Union

Industrial
processes

Green growth
SME energy
efficiency
booster

Public/
private

future be applied in similar
projects.
Investment facility for
energy efficiency
investments in small industry
(incl retail and multi-tenant
building).

Early

0,1

0,05

•

•
•
•

Insufficient access to
finance for SMEs,
causing economically
viable solutions to
remain on the shelf
Insufficient access to
expertise
Split incentives
between owners and
users
Fragmented financing
needs requiring
bundling

TRANSPORT
Sector

Sub-sector

Project
name

Implementing
agency

Description

Transport

Maritime and
inland
shipping

Greening the
shipping
sector
(energy mix
and exhaust
gas
cleaning)

Private

Maritime shipping is to
comply with (IMO/EU)
emission standards,
requiring major investments
for the industry (e.g.
scrubbers, new engines).

Included
in
national
investm
ent plan
(yes/no
)

Inland shipping can reduce
its environmental impact by
retrofitting vessels to LNG

Status

Total
investment
cost
(EUR bn)

Investment
in 2015 –
2017
(EUR bn)

Barriers/solutions

Combined
with high
investments
the shipping
and barge
industry is
faced with
low margins.
These extra
requirements
are
(financially)
difficult to
achieve.
Mature:
technology
can be
applied
directly

1,0

0,2

Because of the relatively
low margins in the
industry banks are
reluctant to finance the
extra investments that are
needed to meet the extra
environment
requirements. The
industry is important for
the logistical function of
the Netherlands in Europe.
Financial support in
meeting these extra
requirements is needed.

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

PPP Road
Programme

Public/private

The full rolling PPP road
programme amounts to 8,3
bln.
Of this 2,1 is off the TEN-T
network:
- 1,3 national roads (see
below)
- 0,8 is regional
(Rijnlandroute).

Yes

Mature

7,0

2-3

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

PPP Road
Programme

Public/private

The rolling PPP road
programme includes various
heavily used sections that

Yes

Mature

1,3

<0,5

In particular for inland
shipping, shipping is an
SME activity: bundling of
smaller financial needs
may be necessary.
EIB could contribute to
structuring and financing.
PPP’s are facilitated
against more favourable
terms if private financing
can be combined with long
term corner stone
financing from EIB with
generous volume
(especially with sizable
projects) and risk taking
capacity or new financial
instruments such as
EIB/EU enhanced project
bonds
Regulatory restrictions:
EIB is heavily restricted in
its capacity to finance

are arbitrarily off the TEN-T
network, such as nearby
Utrecht (Ring Road and
A27/A1 connection)

crucial infrastructure not
within the narrowly
defined TEN-T network.
PPP’s are facilitated
against more favourable
terms if private financing
can be combined with long
term corner stone
financing from EIB with
generous volume
(especially for sizable
projects) and risk taking
capacity or new financial
instruments such as
EIB/EU enhanced project
bonds

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

PPP Lock
Programme

Public/private

The programme includes two
complete lock complex
renewals, the Amsterdam
locks and the Beatrix locks,
increasing the transport
capacity to/from the Port of
Amsterdam (4th in EU) on the
North Sea - Baltic and Rhine
- Alpine corridors

Yes

Mature

1,4

0,6

PPP’s are facilitated
against more favourable
terms if private financing
can be combined with
corner stone long term
financing from EIB with
generous volume
(especially for sizable
projects) and risk taking
capacity or new financial
instruments such as
EIB/EU enhanced project
bonds

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

ERTMS
Deployment

Public/private

The programme includes full
implementation of ERTMS on
TEN-T core network until
2028. The technology is
available and the revenues
are high, in particular in
densely populated areas.

Yes

Mature

2,8

0,5

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

Road
capacity
managemen
t

Public/private

A large scale programme is
under implementation to
optimize the use of existing
road infrastructure by smart
logistic interventions, often
using intelligent transport

Yes

Mature

2,0

<0,5

The use of PPP is under
development. If a PPP is
to be used, it could be
facilitated by combining
private financing with
corner stone financing
from EIB with generous
volume and risk taking
capacity or new financial
instruments such as
EIB/EU enhanced project
bonds.
In particular smaller ITS
firms face problems
raising capital due to
uncertain returns on
investment. More risk
capacity needed.

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

Multimodal
terminals

Private

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

Clean Fuel
infrastructur
e – in Road
Transport
(Hydrogen,
biogas and
e-mobility)

Public/Private

Transport

Corridors and
Missing Links

Clean Fuel
infrastructur
e – in
Aviation

Private

Transport

Corridors and
missing links:
Transport in
Harbour

Multicore
Line

Private parties

systems (eg real-time traffic
information systems)
Whereas rail, road and
navigation infrastructure is a
government responsibility,
the multimodal facilities at
their junctions are fully
private. With increasing
freight volumes, in particular
on rail and inland navigation,
there is a large need for
more multimodal terminals,
with clear long term viability
Fuel infrastructure is fully
private responsibility, with
limited government
resources to assist
frontrunners. Given the
policy goals for alternative
clean fuels such as
electricity, hydrogen and
biogas, such investments are
bound to be viable
A programme under the
heading BioPort Holland is in
operation to accelerate
deployment of bio-kerosine
in civil aviation. Very limited
public resources available.
The construction of a cluster
of pipelines in the Port of
Rotterdam. Clusters of
pipelines make the transport
of raw materials more
efficient, safer, quicker and
better for the environment.
The pipelines benefit the
energy efficiency of energy
intensive industries in the
port through improved
transport system of raw
materials.

Mature

0,8

0,2

Investors have insufficient
certainty when freight
streams will indeed
relocate and revenues will
start. More risk capacity
needed. Potential for EIB
corner stone financing or
project bond
enhancements, if
terminals combine efforts.

Yes

Mature

1,9

0,5

Investors have insufficient
certainty when the new
technology will become
large-scale. More risk
capacity needed. EIB
would be cornerstone
investor.

Yes

Mature

0,1

0,03

At the
moment
there is
already one
cluster of
pipelines. The
capacity of
this cluster is
too small for
demand. The
plans for
building a
second
cluster exist.
A few
interested
parties are in
the planning
stage, but

0,015-0,02

0,015-0,02

Investors have insufficient
certainty about long term
and large scale supply of
biokerosine. More risk
capacity needed. EIB
would be cornerstone
investor.
The investment benefits
the chemical and refinary
cluster as a whole. It is
difficult to organize
cooperation between the
parties because there is a
lack of appropriate
incentives for early stage
investments because the
pipeline will not be fully
exploited in the beginning.
A revolving fund might be
needed to bridge the gap
between short term users
and future users.

have
difficulties
with
financing.

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Status

Total
investment
cost
(EUR bn)

Investment
in 2015 –
2017
(EUR bn)

Barriers/solutions

The fund provides public cofinancing for employers who
invest substantially in their
employees’ education and
training. Aim is to generate
human capital and skills
required for job transition.
This will also enable close
cooperation between
employers and Higher
Education institutions and
VET providers.

Inception
phase (but
aligned with
recent
government
initiative)

NA

NA

Investments in education
during working life are
lagging behind and are
decreasing in the
Netherlands, while job
mobility is expected to
become more important.
Availability of public coinvestments from EU level
could catalyze private
investments.

Demand for affordable
housing has been increasing
substantially. Growth of the
affordable housing segment
will improve the performance
of the housing and labour
market. OECD and EU have
recommended housing
market reforms in the
Netherlands, including
support for the private rental
sector.

Dependent
upon
coming
legislation
on housing
corporations
, due for
2015.

10 bln in
loans over a
15 yr period
to be
refinanced for
affordable
homes
currently
owned by
housing
corporations

Refinancing is
now expected
to start in
2017

Investments in the rental
sector offer good returns.
Between 1995-2012, the
average total return of
residential investments in
the Netherlands was
around 9%. The affordable
housing category
nevertheless faces
financing difficulties as the
EIB and other public
entities are not able to
finance this category
according to current
eligibility criteria and/or
without a state guarantee,
which is conform EU
legislation reserved for
social housing only. Until
now two sectorbanks
(BNG and NWB) financed
the affordable houses of
housing associations.
Unclear is if commercial

Sector

Sub-sector

Project
name

Implementing
agency

Description

Social
Infrastructure
(but with
positive
impact on all
sectors)

Education and
Training

Life long
Learning
fund

Ministry of
Education,
Science and
Culture and / or
Ministry of
Social Affairs
and
Employment

Social
infrastructure

Built
environment
and urban
services

Affordable
housing (i.e.
housing in
the nonregulated
segment,
with rents
between €
700 and
1000)

Ministry of the
Interior and
Kingdom
relations

The government is actively
promoting the sale of rental
housing stock by housing
associations to private
investors. Rules regarding
these sales have been
significantly reduced,
providing private investors
with opportunities to acquire
sizeable amounts of rental
stock and a position on the

Included
in
national
investme
nt plan
(yes/no)

Additionally
up to € 10 bn
in loans to be
refinanced for
sale of
housing
corporation
social
housing to
private
entities

(< 1 bn)

Dutch rental market. The
private sector will also invest
in building new affordable
homes. The affordable
housing segment will
therefore face considerable
financing and investment
needs.

Social
infrastructure

Social
infrastructure
(structural
reform)

Built
environment
and urban
services

Urban
innovation

New
concepts for
elderly
homes,
student
housing and
housing of
start-ups

Urban
Agenda (EU
programme)
(« Agenda
Stad » )

Various :
municipalities,
housing
corporations,
private sector

Ministries of the
Interior and
Kingdom
Relations,
Infrastructure
and the
Environment,
and Economic
Affairs ; in
cooperation
with city
councils and
entrepeneurs.

banks are interested in
financing the affordable
housing segment in the
future.
Financing by the EIB
would enhance the needed
growth of the affordable
housing segment. The EIB
is not allowed to do
refinancing at the
moment, even if this
would enhance the
capacity of housing
corporations so build
social homes by selling off
affordable housing.

Moreover due to legislative
adjustments expected in
2015, housing associations
are required to move a part
of their housing stock from
the social to the affordable
housing segment, to be
commercially financed after
a 15 yr transition period.
As a result of aging of the
population and reform in the
health care-sector, new
forms of housing for the
elderly are required.
Investments to adapt the
housing stock to changing
demand contribute to a more
dynamic housing and
construction market.
Redundant homes for elderly
can be transformed into (for
example) student homes.
Similar concepts exist for
start ups.
Cities face complex
challenges that cannot be
solved by spatially blind
sectoral policies. To tackle
these challenges cities need
a set of social, economic,
governmental, and spatial
interventions. “Agenda Stad”
aims to stimulate policies,
investments and innovations
that contribute to resilient
and thriving cities in line with
the EU Urban Agenda.

Small scale
initiatives
on local
level

Agenda
Stad was
announced
in the
National
budget
2015.

The Agenda
Stad will be
launched in
2015.

5 bn
(2014-2040).
40.000
homes have
to be adapted
to meet
demands of
the elderly
(annually).
Investment
needs for
student
housing are
estimated at
1 bln.
Unknown. To
be presented
in the Agenda
Stad.

The business case for new
housing concepts for the
elderly is underdeveloped.
Solutions are to be found
in developing
aggregators/organizational
intermediates to develop
business cases and attract
financing. EIB financing
could be possible if several
smaller projects are
combined. Similar issues
exist for student and start
up housing.

Solutions to stimulate
investments in the field of
“Agenda Stad” are to be
found in developing
aggregators/organizational
intermediates to develop
business cases and attract
financing.
E.g. Dutch entrepreneurs
are organizing themselves
to develop “value cases”
around smart cities
solutions which cannot be
marketed individually. An

investment fund could
offer opportunities to
accelerate smart cities
solutions around energy
grids or smart mobility.
Example (also mentioned
in this list): Circular city
concept, using excess
industrial heat for homes
in Rotterdam. Requires
investments of several
100 mln. This concept
promotes energy saving
and carbon reduction.

RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT
Status

Total
investment
cost
(EUR bn)

Investment
in 2015 –
2017
(EUR bn)

Barriers/solutions

Financing mechanism for
investments in large scale
high tech recovery of
materials like rare-earth
metals, concrete, phosphate
from solid or liquid waste
streams

Early

1,0

0,3

In a circular economy,
energy and materials are
used far more intelligently by
creating multiple uses,
closing material loops and
use of renewable energy.
This generates innovation,
new jobs because of longer
value chains and stimulates
resource independency.
Economic opportunities arise
on the scale of European
regions (enough resources,
complementary business and
innovation networks,
developed markets).
Coordination problems, lack
of integral system analysis to
identify large scale economic
opportunities and lock-in
investments in linear
production processes hamper
creating new value chains
across borders. Creating a

New

0,3

0,3

Investors face high initial
investments with long
returns on investment.
More risk capacity needed.
Furthermore uncertainty
whether recovered
materials can be
transported and re-used
or are regarded as waste
(regulatory bottleneck:
waste is defined too
widely)
Possibly a combination of
of existing EU
programmes (H2020,
EFRO, LIFE) can be used.
Vested interests benefiting
from current linear
production modes
(recycling industry,
municipalities, dominant
market parties). Public
funding is needed to kick
start private investments.

Sector

Sub-sector

Project
name

Implementing
agency

Description

Resources and
environment

Natural
Resources

Circular
economy
facility

Public/private

Resources and
environment

Natural
Resources :
Waste, retail,
logistics,
high-tech
industries,
cities

Circular
clusters

Netherlands
Entreprise
Agency

Included
in
national
investme
nt plan
(yes/no)

Resources and
environment

Resilience to
Climate
Change:
Climate
adaptation

Flood
protection
linked to
energy
supply and
urban
development

Public/
private

research call in which EU
knowledge and business
networks are challenged to
build one regional circular
business case would
showcase the opportunities a
circular economy can bring
to the EU.
The Delta Programme
includes a range of
innovative and integrated
investments with flood
protection as a driver. In
open water areas tidal power
plants (Brouwersdam,
Afluitdijk) are planned, in
urban areas combinations
with urban project
development are anticipated.

Delta
Programm
e

Mature

2

<0,5

Investors have insufficient
certainty on the future
revenues. More risk
capacity needed.