unimelb-nlp/MultiEup-v2 huggingface dataset:
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Cristian-Silviu Buşoi
Political group: PPE
Country: Poland
Language: EN

Following the rise in energy prices in the light of the post-COVID recovery, in the midst of Green Deal transformation and Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine, the European Union has found itself struggling with extremely high energy prices and energy supply issues. With these packages of legislation – the EMD, gas and hydrogen – we have shown that we can react to the needs of our citizens and to the rapid changes in the market and our economies. We have shown that we can deliver to our people. The new directive aims to decarbonise the EU’s energy sector by ramping up the production of renewable gases and hydrogen, and facilitating their integration into EU energy networks. It will also help secure energy supply in order to address both climate change and disruption of gas flows. It puts in place for Member States ways to prevent disconnections, and clear and fair pricing for renewables. With the regulation, we will enable the uptake of renewable and low-carbon gases by facilitating connection and access to the existing gas grid, and this will reinforce energy security. Parliament has fought for the potential that we saw in gas and hydrogen for the transitional period and for a clean economy. Therefore, this regulation secures also the benefit of integrating the three European networks for hydrogen, electricity and gas.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Patrizia Toia
Political group: S-D
Country: Czechia
Language: IT

Voglio sottolineare qui tre aspetti. Il primo: noi abbiamo in qualche modo disegnato i fondamenti attorno ai quali potrà nascere e prosperare un mercato dell'idrogeno e anche un mercato dei gas rinnovabili. Ne abbiamo garantito l'iniezione nella rete per il biometano, per altri, definendone un po' le condizioni. Questo significa che abbiamo insomma creato le condizioni per uno sviluppo di mercati che possono sostenere quel cambiamento del mix energetico che noi abbiamo disegnato in questa Europa con Repower e con altri atti importanti. Secondo, e questo è un aspetto che sta molto a cuore al mio gruppo e a me personalmente: con questa riforma noi abbiamo creato anche un sistema di controllo e di trasparenza del mercato, del suo funzionamento e dei meccanismi di formazione dei prezzi. Abbiamo pagato un prezzo troppo alto per le incongruenze e le stranezze, tra virgolette, che spesso hanno caratterizzato la formazione dei prezzi in questi anni. Ecco, con questo regolamento e con la riforma del REMIT, che va letta in collegamento, noi affidiamo a delle autorità di controllo, come l'ACER, gli strumenti e le modalità perché fenomeni come quelli accaduti non accadano più e si lavori all'insegna della trasparenza. L'ultima cosa: l'ultimo passo avanti è quello di fare un passo ulteriore verso l'Unione dell'energia. Non accaparramento, guerra tra i paesi, conflitto per avere le risorse necessarie, ma una vera Unione dell'energia.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Klemen Grošelj
Political group: Renew
Country: Hungary
Language: SL

Del tega procesa je bila uredba o zalogah plina, ki je, to je danes že jasno, pripomogla, da so cene energije padle. Zakaj tega še ne občutijo naši ljudje v denarnicah, je izziv za nov mandat, ki mora preprečiti energetsko vojno dobičkarstvo in okrepiti delovanje skupnega trga. Nam to ni uspelo. No, vsaj ne v celoti. Paket, ki je pred nami, predvsem uredba za trg zemeljskega plina in vodika, postavlja dobro izhodišče za doseganje zastavljenih podnebnih ciljev, ob hkratnem zagotavljanju konkurenčnosti evropskega gospodarstva. Postavlja pravne in institucionalne okvire, da bo prehod iz fosilno intenzivne energetike v brezogljično urejen, in da se bo nastajajoči trg vodika razvijal glede na tržne potrebe in ob ustrezni koordinaciji z razvojem plinskega trga.  Morda zakonodaja ne odgovarja na vse izzive, ki so pred nami, gotovo pa zagotavlja nujno predvidljivost in stabilnost trga energentov kot ključnega dejavnika konkurenčnosti evropskega gospodarstva.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Marie Toussaint
Political group: Verts/ALE
Country: Hungary
Language: FR

Il aurait donc dû être l’occasion de programmer notre sortie du gaz en 2035, comme nous le demandent les scientifiques, et d’anticiper, plutôt que de subir, une transition qui sera de toute manière inéluctable pour l’Union européenne. Mais une fois de plus, la droite, les libéraux, les socialistes ont préféré offrir aux lobbies du gaz une voie de sortie plutôt que de protéger le climat et la population européenne. Les opérateurs gaziers pourront tout bonnement remplacer du gaz fossile par de l’hydrogène fossile et continuer à bénéficier d’argent public pour construire leurs gazoducs. Lobbies du gaz: un, climat: zéro. Je me réjouis malgré tout que ce texte autorise enfin les États membres à interdire l’importation de gaz russe, ce que nous, les écologistes, demandons depuis 20 ans, ce que nous aurions dû faire au moment de la Crimée ou du Donbass ou, au pire, quand Vladimir Poutine a lancé sa terrible guerre face à l’Ukraine. Enfin, ce paquet suggère aux États membres d’interdire les coupures d’énergie pour impayés. Quand 10 % des Européens souffrent de précarité énergétique, il est indispensable de les protéger de ces coupures face aux grands froids, l’hiver, comme l’été, face aux canicules. L’Europe doit protéger sa population du climat et des attaques russes et garantir la dignité des Européennes et des Européens. Comptez sur nous pour poursuivre le combat de la souveraineté, de la justice et du climat.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Grzegorz Tobiszowski
Political group: ECR
Country: Finland
Language: PL

A więc rzeczywiście należy podkreślić, że coś, co nas łączyło, to to, że wodór to paliwo przyszłości, które w wielu sektorach będzie zastępować bardziej emisyjne źródła energii. A więc zauważmy, że łączy nas przyszłość, jeśli chodzi o troskę o klimat. I chyba nie ma co do tego sporu. Toczymy spory co do rozwiązań i myślę, że wodór nas tu w tym wszystkim łączy. Jest to paliwo, które będzie użyte w przyszłości w takich sektorach jak przemysł hutniczy, jak transport morski, jak produkcja nawozów, pozwoli na rozwój innowacyjnych rozwiązań oraz zmniejszy zależności od dostaw surowców, głównie gazu spoza Unii.  Myślę, że warto też podkreślić to, co też już tu padało, nie powtarzając innych walorów tej dyrektywy, że daliśmy i dajemy tym dokumentem podwaliny pod inwestycje, pod infrastrukturę przesyłu wodoru. I to, myślę, jest bardzo istotne, bo to buduje coś, co sprawi, że możemy walczyć o paliwo przyszłości, aby i jego cena, i jego technologia była rzeczywiście przyszłością nowej energetyki.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Paolo Borchia
Political group: ID
Country: Romania
Language: IT

Poi serve anche avere la capacità di analizzare con umiltà, con un'autocritica tutti i fattori che hanno portato ad aumentare la dipendenza energetica dell'Unione dall'estero e agli assurdi aumenti degli ultimi anni. Quindi qualcosa non ha funzionato. Io condivido pienamente quella che è la posizione del Parlamento sulla questione della  In conclusione, credo che serva equilibrio tra decarbonizzazione e competitività, visto che le riforme troppo ideologiche massacrano i mercati, i consumatori e le imprese. L'Europa ci chiede altro.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Marina Mesure
Political group: The Left
Country: Spain
Language: FR

Les ménages, les artisans, les boulangers, les collectivités, les entreprises vous demandent une électricité en quantité suffisante, à un prix abordable. Que leur proposez-vous ? La fin des tarifs réglementés, au bénéfice des marchands d’électricité, des acteurs privés qui ne font rien d’autre que se gaver en imposant des tarifs totalement décorrélés des coûts réels de production. Ainsi, pendant la crise énergétique, en France, les énergéticiens se sont fait 37 milliards d’euros sur notre dos. Pas parce que ça leur coûte plus cher de produire de l’électricité, mais parce qu’ils nous l’ont vendue dix fois plus cher en indexant leurs prix sur le prix du gaz. Et vous voulez maintenir ce système? On pouvait, avec cette réforme, tout changer et comprendre que la libéralisation du secteur de l’énergie est un fiasco: on produit à peine plus d’électricité qu’il y a 20 ans, mais les spéculateurs la vendent deux fois plus cher. Comprendre qu’il fallait enfin sortir l’électricité du marché et recréer un service public de l’électricité capable d’assurer l’accès à une électricité bon marché, décarbonée et en quantité suffisante. Mais non. Tout ceci est irresponsable et honteux. La transition écologique va augmenter nos besoins en électricité, de l’ordre de 40 % d’ici 2030. Qui pour planifier la production? Qui pour garantir des prix assez bas pour relocaliser nos industries stratégiques? Qui pour garantir des prix régulés pour la survie de nos ménages, de nos artisans, de nos collectivités? Le marché, c’est-à-dire personne. J’en appelle donc ici, dans cet hémicycle, à retrouver le chemin de la raison. Il faut rejeter cet accord. Il faut porter une véritable réforme permettant la sortie du marché de l’électricité.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Lefteris Nikolaou-Alavanos
Political group: NI
Country: Germany
Language: EL

Κύριε Πρόεδρε, οι οδηγίες και οι κανονισμοί που συζητούμε σήμερα είναι ενδεικτικές των αντιλαϊκών προτεραιοτήτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης σε σχέση με την αγορά ενέργειας. Στα πλαίσια της ευρωενωσιακής απελευθέρωσης της αγοράς ενέργειας, του χρηματιστηρίου της ενέργειας, προσαρμόζονται σήμερα χρηματοδοτικά εργαλεία ώστε απρόσκοπτα να συνεχιστεί η ενίσχυση των ομίλων ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας, φυσικού αερίου και υδρογόνου, με πακτωλούς από τον ιδρώτα των λαών, σε συνθήκες αβεβαιότητας της καπιταλιστικής οικονομίας και κλιμάκωσης του ιμπεριαλιστικού πολέμου στην Ουκρανία.  Αυτή είναι η στρατηγική που οδηγεί τα λαϊκά νοικοκυριά σε απόγνωση. Αυξάνει τις τιμές του ρεύματος, οι οποίες προστίθενται στην αβάσταχτη ακρίβεια στα τρόφιμα, στα είδη λαϊκής κατανάλωσης που εξανεμίζουν το λαϊκό εισόδημα πριν φτάσει η μέση του μήνα. Δεν αντιμετωπίζονται αυτά με τον δήθεν έλεγχο των λογαριασμών από τους καταναλωτές που ευαγγελίζεται η Επιτροπή ή με τα διάφορα χρωματιστά τιμολόγια που είδαμε και στην Ελλάδα από την κυβέρνηση Νέας Δημοκρατίας.  Για αυτά τα προβλήματα των λαών δεν ιδρώνει το αυτί της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης.  Στις 9 Ιουνίου, ο λαός έχει επιλογή να μαυρίσει την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, τα κόμματα που μαυρίζουν τη ζωή του, να δώσει μεγαλύτερη δύναμη στο ΚΚΕ δυναμώνοντας το ρεύμα αμφισβήτησης της βάρβαρης πολιτικής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και των οικονομικών ομίλων, βάζοντας στο επίκεντρο τις δικές του σύγχρονες ανάγκες.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Pilar del Castillo Vera
Political group: PPE
Country: France
Language: ES

Señor presidente, señor comisario, la reforma del mercado eléctrico que hoy votamos responde al triple objetivo de reducir la influencia de la volatilidad de los precios mayoristas en las facturas de los consumidores, hacer que el coste de la energía sea más estable y predecible, e impulsar la inversión en energías renovables.  Para ello, en el acuerdo alcanzado por el Parlamento y el Consejo se incluyen medidas importantes en esa dirección, como la promoción de contratos bilaterales de compraventa de electricidad y el apoyo público mediante contratos por diferencia, que podrán utilizarse para aumentar la capacidad de la eficiencia en el carbón y en el gas y prolongar la vida útil de las centrales nucleares. Se reconoce inequívocamente la importancia de las interconexiones y se hace hincapié en la protección de los consumidores más vulnerables.  Pero, junto a esas medidas, resulta fundamental el mecanismo de crisis de precios, mediante el que se rechaza establecer intervenciones permanentes y se apoya que cualquier intervención se haga de forma excepcional, en caso de crisis, aplicándolo preferentemente a los consumidores que más lo necesitan y evitando asimetrías y distorsiones en el mercado interior. Esto significa, entre otras cosas, que la conocida, la llamada «excepción ibérica», queda totalmente rechazada. Además, el texto permite que, si fuera necesario hacer una intervención de los precios, se extienda al sector industrial y no solo a los consumidores particulares y pequeñas y medianas empresas. En suma, es una reforma que, sin duda, va a redundar positivamente en el funcionamiento del mercado eléctrico de la Unión Europea.  Y permítanme decir una cosa, que en este caso creo que debo decirla. Tengo que dar las gracias a nuestra colega Maria da Graça Carvalho, que no puede estar aquí porque es ministra de Medio Ambiente y Energía del Gobierno de Portugal, por el trabajo excepcional que ha realizado durante el proceso de debate y de desarrollo de toda esta reforma.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Dan Nica
Political group: S-D
Country: Romania
Language: RO

Domnule președinte, domnule comisar, reforma pieței de energie în Uniunea Europeană trebuie să însemne câteva lucruri. Va însemna câteva lucruri importante pentru industria europeană, care, în sfârșit, va avea acces la contracte pe termen mediu, la prețuri care să fie predictibile și care să le permită celor din industria europeană, firmelor mici și mijlocii să rămână în piață și să fie competitive.  Această reformă a pieței de energie mai înseamnă ceva: că nimeni nu va trebui să renunțe la mâncare, medicamente, la haine pentru a-și putea plăti factura la energie, factura la gazele naturale și că toate aceste lucruri, acum, sunt puse în ordine. Toți cei care au făcut profituri excepționale în mod necinstit, toți cei care au făcut aceste profituri de zeci de miliarde de euro prin înșelăciune, prin manipularea pieței, astăzi sunt subiectul unor investigații. Sunt peste 729 de cazuri în Uniunea Europeană, iar acești bani trebuie să fie luați înapoi. Acești bani trebuie să fie dați industriilor care au plătit facturi nejustificat de mari, fie că vorbim de industria siderurgică, aluminiu, ciment, industria chimică, de firmele mici și mijlocii care au trebuit să dea afară oameni și oameni acasă care au trebuit să plătească facturi mincinoase. Toți acești bani trebuie strânși într-un fond și dați înapoi celor care au plătit facturi nejustificate și mincinoase.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Claudia Gamon
Political group: Renew
Country: Germany
Language: EN

Mr President, this law is a major step towards decarbonising the gas supply and moving away from gas altogether wherever possible. It will be a key instrument for us to free ourselves from Russian ‘blood gas’. Decarbonisation starts locally and this law supports this transition bottom-up by allowing for local planning. This will be a major step in recognising that decarbonisation strategies will differ from town to town, from village to village, and they have to work locally. I’m also really happy that we allow to decommission infrastructure where it is no longer needed, to make clear that the future will look entirely different. We also make it clear that where there is no alternative, where we need renewable hydrogen, industries should get priority instead of wasting it elsewhere where there are better alternatives. I would like to thank Jens Geier for the wonderful job that he’s done, and wish all of my colleagues great success in their future endeavours.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Michael Bloss
Political group: Verts/ALE
Country: Germany
Language: DE

Herr Präsident, lieber Herr Kommissar, sehr geehrte Damen und Herren! Diese Reform sollte ein großer Wurf werden und den europäischen Strommarkt krisensicher und fit für 100 % erneuerbare Energien machen. Aber was ist rausgekommen? Ein Reförmchen und ein Geldregen für Kohle— und Atomindustrie auf dem Nacken der Steuerzahlerinnen und Steuerzahler. Die teure und unwirtschaftliche Atomkraft soll genauso gefördert werden wie die Erneuerbaren, und damit verlieren wir leider Zeit und Geld für die Energiewende. Aber ein paar gute Dinge konnten wir Grünen durchsetzen: Niemand muss wegen explodierender Stromkosten im Dunkeln sitzen. Die Stromsperren werden europaweit verboten, Entity-Sharing, Balkon-Solar wird kinderleicht. Bald können wir selbstgemachten Strom mit Freunden und Freundinnen und Familie teilen. Wir haben das möglich gemacht. Wir müssen den Green Deal fortsetzen, das sichert Wohlstand. Aber anstatt jetzt Europa auf die Gleise zu setzen für einen klimaneutralen Wohlstand, klammern sich die Konservativen an die Vergangenheit und wollen den Green Deal abschaffen. Wir brauchen aber mehr Modernisierung, mehr erneuerbare Energien und mehr Klimaschutz in der nächsten Legislatur.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Alexandr Vondra
Political group: ECR
Country: Ireland
Language: CS

Pane předsedající, dámy a pánové, myslím, že je velmi dobře, že v Unii po krizích z předchozích let řešíme systémově uspořádání trhu s elektřinou. Posilujeme tím stabilitu a předvídatelnost nákladů na energie a zároveň tím chráníme spotřebitele z řad občanů i firem. Ceny elektřiny budou méně závislé na cenách fosilních paliv. Státy budou mít více možností, jak v dobách krizí intervenovat, aniž by ohrožovaly stabilitu trhu.  Zároveň, a to je úplně nejdůležitější, z nařízení během trialogu vypadly největší zelené hlouposti a ctí také princip technologické neutrality. To znamená i pro nás v Česku, že budeme svůj energetický mix budovat podle našich potřeb a ne podle toho, jak si to kdo vysnil v různých zelených vlhkých snech. Jádro, jaderná renesance je tady. To je ta nejdůležitější zpráva, kterou si z revize trhu s elektřinou odnáším, a proto budu hlasovat pro obě zprávy.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Jaak Madison
Political group: ID
Country: France
Language: ET

Austatud istungi juhataja! Esiteks, kahtlemata keegi ei kahtle selles, et meil on vaja elektrituru reformi, kuna tänane süsteem, mis on Euroopa Liidus, meil on küll erinevad hinnatsoonid, näiteks eraldi Skandinaavia riigid, siis Baltikum, Ida-Euroopa, Kesk-Euroopa, Lääne-Euroopa riigid eri gruppides, siis hetkel see süsteem on olnud ülimalt spekulatiivne ja seda me nägime just nimelt viimastel talvedel, kus oli võimalik eelneval päeval viimase hinnapakkujaga lüüa turg täiesti sassi ja siis hakata lollide põhjustega otsima vabandusi, et miks on hind neli-viis korda kõrgem, kui ta oli eelmisel päeval. Ehk et see on olnud ülimalt spekulatiivne ja reformi on kahtlemata vaja. Raske muidugi nõustuda roheäärmuslastega, kes räägivad, et see on osa nüüd suurest kliimakaitsest. Noh, mina ei tea, mis planeedil nemad elavad, mina elan planeedil, kus Euroopa osakaal CO2-st on ainult kuus protsenti globaalselt. Ja noh, ei tasu muinasjutte rääkida vast valijatele ka, ega nad ka nii lollid ei ole. Kuid mida selles reformiplaanis ei ole välja toodud, on siiski see, et tuumaenergia on üks kõige rohelisemaid juhitavamaid ja turvalisemaid energiaid. Ja isegi täna on näiteks Prantsusmaa keskmine turuhind tihti kaks korda madalam kui Saksamaa elektrihind ja Prantsusmaa on üks suurimaid tuumaenergia eksportijaid Saksamaale. Nii et kui me räägime vesinikust ja gaasienergiast, mis on vajalikud arendamiseks, kuid kindlasti on meil vaja ka tuumaenergia arendamist, sest see on tuleviku tehnoloogia ja loomulikult ninanips roheäärmuslastele.
Debate: Internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Common rules for the internal markets for renewable gas, natural gas and hydrogen  - Union’s electricity market design: Regulation - Union’s electricity market design: Directive
Date: THURSDAY, 11 APRIL 2024
Speaker: Sandra Pereira
Political group: The Left
Country: Germany
Language: PT

Senhor Presidente, esta reforma do mercado, do chamado mercado da energia e da eletricidade da União Europeia, não surpreende, porque verdade verdadinha não traz nada de novo. Continua o caminho de aprofundamento de um mercado que serve os interesses das grandes companhias do setor energético, em vez de garantir o acesso à energia, a preços acessíveis, aos agregados familiares e às micro e pequenas e médias empresas. Apesar de promover o aumento do recurso a energias renováveis, mantém o sistema de preços marginais no mercado diário, onde a tecnologia mais cara, que tem sido o gás, fixa o preço de outras formas de produção de energia. Ou seja, os preços na fatura não vão baixar, mas os lucros das grandes empresas energéticas vão continuar a subir. O que se exigia era estabelecer, como ponto de partida dos preços e margens dos combustíveis líquidos, o valor do custo real de produção. Insistimos que a política energética não deve ficar dependente de contingências de mercado. Deve, sim, estar ao serviço do desenvolvimento e do bem-estar dos povos.