Trận Bull Run thứ nhất

Liên bang miền Bắc
| combatant2 = Liên minh miền Nam
|commander1= Irvin McDowell
|commander2= Joseph E. Johnston P.G.T. Beauregard Thomas J. Jackson
|strength1 = 28.000–35.000(18.000 tham chiến)
|strength2 = 32–34.000(18.000 tham chiến)
|casualties2 = 1.982(387 chết,&nbsp;1.582 bị thương,&nbsp;13 mất tích)). Thất bại toàn diện này được xem là thảm kịch đầu tiên của phe miền Bắc trong cuộc chiến, thể hiện khả năng phòng vệ của quân đội miền Nam
Chú thích

Thư mục
Alexander, Edward P. Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander. Edited by Gary W. Gallagher. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989. ISBN 0-8078-4722-4.
Ballard, Ted. First Battle of Bull Run: Staff Ride Guide . Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History, 2003. ISBN 978-0-16-068078-6.
Beatie, Russel H. Army of the Potomac: Birth of Command, November 1860 &ndash; September 1861. New York: Da Capo Press, 2002. ISBN 0-306-81141-3.
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Davis, William C., and the Editors of Time-Life Books. First Blood: Fort Sumter to Bull Run. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1983. ISBN 0-8094-4704-5.
Detzer, David. Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861. New York: Harcourt, 2004. ISBN 978-0-15-603143-1.
Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. . The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website . Praeger, 1959.
Freeman, Douglas S. Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command. 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1946. ISBN 0-684-85979-3.
Haydon, F. Stansbury. Military Ballooning during the Early Civil War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1941. ISBN 0-8018-6442-9.
Livermore, Thomas L. Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America 1861-65. Reprinted with errata, Dayton, OH: Morninside House, 1986. ISBN 0-527-57600-X. First published in 1901 by Houghton Mifflin.
McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-19-503863-0.
Rafuse, Ethan S. "First Battle of Bull Run." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
Rafuse, Ethan S. A Single Grand Victory: The First Campaign and Battle of Manassas. The American Crisis Series. Wilmington, DE: SR Books, 2002. ISBN 0-8420-2875-7.
Rawley, James A. Turning Points of the Civil War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966. ISBN 0-8032-8935-9.
Robertson, James I., Jr. Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend. New York: MacMillan Publishing, 1997. ISBN 0-02-864685-1.
Salmon, John S. The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. ISBN 0-8117-2868-4.
Williams, T. Harry. Lincoln and His Generals. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952. ISBN 0-9654382-6-0.
National Park Service battle description
Professor Thaddeus Lowe's Official Report (Part I)

Xem thêm

Davis, William C. Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-8071-0867-7.
Goldfield, David, et al. The American Journey: A History of the United States. 2nd ed. New York: Prentice Hall, 1999. ISBN 0-13-088243-7.
Gottfried, Bradley M. The Maps of First Bull Run: An atlas of the First Bull Run (Manassas) Campaign, including the Battle of Ball's Bluff, June&ndash;October 1861. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2009. ISBN 978-1-932714-60-9.
Hankinson, Alan. First Bull Run 1861: The South's First Victory. Osprey Campaign Series 10. London: Osprey Publishing, 1991. ISBN 1-85532-133-5.
Hennessy, John, Ethan Rafuse, and Harry Smeltzer. "Historians' Forum: The First Battle of Bull Run." Civil War History 572 (June 2011): 106&ndash;120.
Longstreet, James. From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992. ISBN 0-306-80464-6. First published in 1896 by J. B. Lippincott and Co.
Rable, George. "The Battlefield and Beyond." Civil War History 533 (September 2007): 244&ndash;51.
William Farina, Ulysses S. Grant, 1861-1864: his rise from obscurity to military greatness, McFarland, 26-04-2007. ISBN 0786429771.

Liên kết ngoài

Manassas National Battlefield Park website
First Battle of Manassas: An End to Innocence, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
Battle of Bull Run: Battle maps, photos, history articles, and battlefield news (CWPT)
Harper's Weekly 1861 Report on the Battle of Bull Run
Civil War Home website on First Bull Run
Animated history of the First Battle of Bull Run
FirstBullRun.co.uk
The First Battle of Bull Run. General P.G.T. Beauregard. Librivox audio recording, Public Domain, 2007.
First Manassas Campaign with Official Records and Reports
Map of the Battles of Bull Run Near Manassas. Solomon Bamberger. Zoomable high-resolution map.
Newspaper coverage of the First Battle of Bull Run
Manassas Civil War 150th Anniversary July 21-24, 2011