Danh sách trạng thái oxy hóa của các nguyên tố

Đây là danh sách các trạng thái oxy hóa được biết đến của các nguyên tố hóa học, ngoại trừ các giá trị không nguyên. Các trạng thái phổ biến nhất được in đậm. Bảng này dựa trên cơ sở của Greenwood và Earnshaw, với các bổ sung ghi nhận. Trạng thái oxy hóa 0, xảy ra ở tất cả các nguyên tố, được ngụ ý bởi cột có biểu tượng của các nguyên tố đó. Định dạng của bảng do Dmitri Mendeleev đưa ra năm 1889 cho thấy sự tuần hoàn của các trạng thái oxy hóa của các nguyên tố.
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| 5 || Bor || style="background:d5e6f7" | −5 || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | B || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 13 ||
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| 6 || Carbon || || style="background:dfdfdf" | −4 || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | C || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 14 ||
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| 7 || Nitơ || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | N || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 15 ||
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| 8 || Oxy || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | O || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || || || || || || || 16 ||
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| 9 || Fluor || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | F || || || || || || || || || || 17 ||
|- style="background:FFFACD"
| 10 || Neon || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ne || || || || || || || || || || 18 || style="background:white" |
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| 11 || Natri || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Na || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || || || || || || || || 1 ||
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| 12 || Magiê || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Mg || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || || || || || || || 2 ||
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| 13 || Nhôm || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Al || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 13 ||
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| 14 || Silic || || style="background:dfdfdf" | −4 || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Si || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 14 ||
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| 15 || Phosphor || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | P || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 15 ||
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| 16 || Lưu huỳnh || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | S || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 16 ||
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| 17 ||Chlor || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Cl || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || 17 ||
|- style="background:FFFACD"
| 18 || Argon || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ar || || || || || || || || || || 18 || style="background:white" |
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| 19 || Kali || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | K || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || || || || || || || || 1 ||
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| 21 || Scandi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Sc || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 3 ||
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| 22 || Titan || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Ti || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 4 ||
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| 23 || Vanadi || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | V || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 5 ||
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| 27 || Cobalt || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Co || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 9 ||
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| 29 || Đồng || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || || style="background:e0ffff" | Cu || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 11 ||
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| 31 || Gali || style="background:d5e6f7" | −5 || style="background:dfdfdf" | −4 || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Ga || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 13 ||
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| 32 || Germani || || style="background:dfdfdf" | −4 || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Ge || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 14 ||
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| 33 || Arsen || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | As || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 15 ||
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| 34 || Seleni || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Se || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 16 ||
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| 35 || Brom || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Br || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || 17 ||
|- style="background:FFFACD"
| 36 || Krypton || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Kr || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || || || || || || || 18 || style="background:white" |
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| 37 || Rubidi || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Rb || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || || || || || || || || 1 ||
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| 39 || Ytri || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Y || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 3 ||
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| 40 || Zirconi || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || || style="background:e0ffff" | Zr || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 4 ||
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| 41 || Niobi || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Nb || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 5 ||
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| 42 || Molypden || || style="background:dfdfdf" | −4 || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Mo || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 6 ||
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| 47 || Bạc || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Ag || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 11 ||
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| 48 || Cadmi || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || || style="background:e0ffff" | Cd || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || || || || || || || 12 ||
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| 49 || Indi || style="background:d5e6f7" | −5 || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | In || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 13 ||
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| 50 || Thiếc || || style="background:dfdfdf" | −4 || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Sn || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 14 ||
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| 51 || Antimon || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Sb || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 15 ||
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| 52 || Teluri || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Te || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 16 ||
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| 53 || Iod || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | I || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || 17 ||
|- style="background:FFFACD"
| 54 || Xenon || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Xe || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || style="background:d1ddff" | +8 || || 18 || style="background:white" |
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| 55 || Caesi || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Cs || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || || || || || || || || 1 ||
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| 57 || Lanthan || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | La || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 3 ||
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| 58 || Xeri || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ce || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || ||
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| 59 || Praseodymi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Pr || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || ||
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| 60 || Neodymi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Nd || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || ||
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| 61 || Promethi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Pm || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 62 || Samari || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Sm || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 63 || Europi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Eu || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 64 || Gadolini || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Gd || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 65 || Terbi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Tb || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || ||
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| 67 || Holmi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ho || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 73 || Tantali || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Ta || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 5 ||
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| 77 || Iridi || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Ir || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || style="background:d1ddff" | +8 || style="background:c6dd9d" | +9 || 9 ||
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| 78 || Platin || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Pt || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 ||style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 10 ||
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| 79 || Vàng || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Au || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 11 ||
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| 81 || Tali || style="background:d5e6f7" | −5 || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Tl || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 13 ||
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| 82 || Chì || || style="background:dfdfdf" | −4 || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Pb || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 14 ||
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| 83 || Bismuth || || || style="background:ffc0cb" | −3 || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | Bi || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 15 ||
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| 84 || Poloni || || || || style="background:ffecd3" | −2 || || style="background:e0ffff" | Po || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 16 ||
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| 85 || Astatin || || || || || style="background:f5deb3" | −1 || style="background:e0ffff" | At || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || 17 ||
|- style="background:FFFACD"
| 86 || Radon || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Rn || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || || || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 18 || style="background:white" |
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| 87 || Franci || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Fr || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || || || || || || || || || 1 ||
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| 88 || Radi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ra || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || || || || || || || 2 ||
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| 89 || Actini || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ac || || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || 3 ||
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| 90 || Thori || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Th || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || ||
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| 91 || Protactini || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Pa || || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || ||
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| 92 || Urani || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | U || style="background:ffa07a" | +1 || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || ||
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| 93 || Neptuni || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Np || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || ||
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| 94 || Plutoni || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Pu || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || ||
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| 95 || Americi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Am || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || ||
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| 96 || Curi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Cm || || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || ||
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| 97 || Berkeli || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Bk || || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || ||
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| 98 || Californi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Cf || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || ||
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| 99 || Einsteini || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Es || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || ||
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| 100 || Fermi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Fm || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 101 || Mendelevi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Md || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 102 || Nobeli || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | No || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 103 || Lawrenci || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Lr || || || style="background:ffbffe" | +3 || || || || || || || ||
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| 104 || Rutherfordi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Rf || || || || style="background:cbcbcb" | +4 || || || || || || 4 ||
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| 105 || Dubni || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Db || || || || || style="background:cccc98" | +5 || || || || || 5 ||
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| 106 || Seaborgi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Sg || || || || || || style="background:a0fec2" | +6 || || || || 6 ||
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| 107 || Bohri || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Bh || || || || || || || style="background:e6fe8e" | +7 || || || 7 ||
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| 108 || Hassi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Hs || || || || || || || || style="background:d1ddff" | +8 || || 8 ||
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| 109 || Meitneri || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Mt || || || || || || || || || || 9 ||
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| 110 || Darmstadti || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ds || || || || || || || || || || 10 ||
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| 111 || Roentgeni || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Rg || || || || || || || || || || 11 ||
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| 112 || Copernici || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Cn || || style="background:ffdead" | +2 || || || || || || || || 12 ||
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| 113 || Nihoni || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Nh || || || || || || || || || || 13 ||
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| 114 || Flerovi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Fl || || || || || || || || || || 14 ||
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| 115 || Moscovi || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Mc || || || || || || || || || || 15 ||
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| 116 || Livermori || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Lv || || || || || || || || || || 16 ||
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| 117 || Tennessine || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Ts || || || || || || || || || || 17 ||
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| 118 || Oganesson || || || || || || style="background:e0ffff" | Og || || || || || || || || || || 18 ||
|}
Một hình với một định dạng tương tự (được hiển thị dưới đây) đã được Irving Langmuir sử dụng vào năm 1919 trong một trong những bài báo ban đầu về quy tắc octet. Sự tuần hoàn của các trạng thái oxy hóa là một trong những bằng chứng cho thấy Langmuir có thể áp dụng quy luật này.

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