The Newtonian approximation to special relativity

The classical approximation to quantum mechanics


Classification of critical points and extrema


Input–output analysis versus consistency analysis


Comparison with models in other sciences

Effects of deterministic chaos on economic models


Goal setting management in organizations


Algebraic fitting of functions to data points

Fitting lines and polynomial functions to data points

Geometric fitting of plane curves to data points


Metrics valued in structures other than the real numbers


Geometric Extrapolation with error prediction


Stability in numerical differential equations


Faster-than-light observations and experiments

Increased accuracy of c and redefinition of the metre and second


Different feeding systems and classes of predators

Model of choice between big and small prey

The marginal value theorem and optimal foraging

Examples of optimal foraging models in animals

Criticism and limitations of the optimal foraging theory


Example: DFA, NFA, GNFA, or Moore machine


International Mathematical Modeling Challenge


Modelling as a substitute for direct measurement and experimentation


Traditional "two postulates" approach to special relativity

Lorentz invariance as the essential core of special relativity

Alternative approaches to special relativity

Graphical representation of the Lorentz transformation

Consequences derived from the Lorentz transformation

Causality and prohibition of motion faster than light

Relativistic longitudinal Doppler effect

Einstein's 1905 demonstration of E = mc2

Relativity and unifying electromagnetism

Theories of relativity and quantum mechanics

Comparison between flat Euclidean space and Minkowski space

Transformations of physical quantities between reference frames


General statement of the inverse problem

An elementary example: Earth's gravitational field

Numerical solution of our elementary example

Numerical solution of the optimization problem

Stability, regularization and model discretization in infinite dimension

Some classical linear inverse problems for the recovery of distributed parameters

Some classical non-linear inverse problems

Permeability matching in oil and gas reservoirs

Mathematical aspects: Hadamard's questions

Computation of the gradient of the objective function


Mathematical modeling of historical dynamics


In business, technology and network theory

Organizational ABM: agent-directed simulation


Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases

When mass vaccination cannot exceed the herd immunity

When mass vaccination exceeds the herd immunity


Bringing numerical methods to the desktop

Relationship to artificial intelligence and machine learning


Models of concepts and models that are conceptual

Conceptual models of human activity systems


Deterministic processes (dynamical systems)

Stochastic processes (random dynamical systems)


Choosing a model for the shape of the body

Projections by preservation of a metric property

Suitability of projections for application


Relativistic quantum physics and quantum field theory


A proof outline of existence and uniqueness of the solution

General form of the finite element method

Scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM)

Crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM)

Link with the gradient discretization method

Comparison to the finite difference method


The number of words in a regular language


Intertheoretic reduction and elimination

Definitions from scientific organizations


Position and momentum probability distributions

A more general model: particle in a box with a period potential


Character string-oriented languages and utilities


Example of a 3-state, 2-symbol read-only Turing machine


Linear combinations of atomic orbitals (LCAO)

Bonding, antibonding, and nonbonding MOs


In medicine: modeling of growth of tumors

In economics and sociology: diffusion of innovations


Formulation in terms of electric and magnetic fields (microscopic or in vacuum version)

Formulation in Gaussian units convention

Relationship between differential and integral formulations

Vacuum equations, electromagnetic waves and speed of light

Auxiliary fields, polarization and magnetization

Overdetermination of Maxwell's equations

Maxwell's equations as the classical limit of QED


Current research into user input systems

History of visual simulation in film and games

Pre-virtual cinematography era (early 1980s to 1990s)

Virtual cinematography (early 2000s–present)

Examples of non-film entertainment simulation

Payment and securities settlement system


Modern concept of general equilibrium in economics

Properties and characterization of general equilibrium

First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics

Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics

Unresolved problems in general equilibrium


Necessary conditions for existence of ordinal utility function

Constructing additive and quadratic utility functions from ordinal data

Comparison between ordinal and cardinal utility functions


Deciding equivalence of regular expressions


From classical mechanics to general relativity

Gravitational time dilation and frequency shift

Light deflection and gravitational time delay

Orbital effects and the relativity of direction

Exotic solutions: time travel, warp drives

Quantum field theory in curved spacetime


Requirements of evaluation and fitness function


Forms of a univariate quadratic function

Upper bound on the magnitude of the roots

The square root of a univariate quadratic function

Bivariate (two variable) quadratic function


Precise statement of monotonicity properties

Precise statement of first-derivative test

Second-derivative test (single variable)


Equal or unequal sample sizes, similar variances (1/2 < sX1/sX2 < 2)

Equal or unequal sample sizes, unequal variances (sX1 > 2sX2 or sX2 > 2sX1)

Exact method for unequal variances and sample sizes

Alternatives to the t-test for location problems

A design which includes both paired observations and independent observations

The two-sample t-test is a special case of simple linear regression


Minimax criterion in statistical decision theory


Comparison of different classes of expressions

Dealing with non-closed-form expressions

Transformation into closed-form expressions

Mathematical modelling and computer simulation


Artificial perception and automatic notation of music


Characteristic function in recursion theory, Gödel's and Kleene's representing function

Characteristic function in fuzzy set theory


Constructing loss and objective functions


Comparison of strictly proper scoring rules


A nontrivial measure whose support is empty

A nontrivial measure whose support has measure zero


Settings, constraints, and related issues

Variogram analysis of response surfaces (VARS)

High-dimensional model representations (HDMR)

Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST)


Criticism of Truesdell's support of rational thermodynamics


Anticipated regret versus experienced regret


Finite-dimensional complex normed spaces

Maximum norm (special case of: infinity norm, uniform norm, or supremum norm)

Classification of seminorms: absolutely convex absorbing sets


Absolutely continuous univariate distributions

Link between discrete and continuous distributions

Densities associated with multiple variables

Function of random variables and change of variables in the probability density function

Products and quotients of independent random variables

Example: Quotient of two standard normals


Fisherian reduction and Neyman-Pearson operational criteria

The statistical philosophy of frequentism


Random variables with finitely many outcomes

Random variables with countably many outcomes

Expectations under convergence of random variables

Relationship with characteristic function


Construction of cardinal utility functions from cardinal and ordinal data

Comparison between ordinal and cardinal utility functions


Child personality traits' effect on adulthood – What traits contribute to risk-seeking?


Ramsey-theoretic approach to subjective probability

Savage's subjective expected utility representation

Examples of von Neumann–Morgenstern utility functions

Measuring risk in the expected utility context

Preference reversals over uncertain outcomes

The problem of interpersonal utility comparisons


Analysis, probability, and astronomical stability


Marginal revenue – marginal cost perspective

Case in which maximizing revenue is equivalent

Changes in total costs and profit maximization

Marginal product of labor, marginal revenue product of labor, and profit maximization


Comparison of reinforcement learning algorithms


Differentiability of real functions of one variable


Independent and identically distributed random variables

Definition for more than two random variables


Public health legislation in other countries

Schools of public health: a US perspective


Difference from other differentiation methods

Chain rule of partial derivatives of composite functions

Automatic differentiation using dual numbers

Operator overloading and Source Code Transformation


Synthetic oversampling techniques for traditional machine learning

Data augmentation for image classification


In-context learning (natural language processing)


Training, validation, and test data sets


Proper loss functions, loss margin and regularization


National societies holding full membership in EMS


Explicit mean/difference form of AR(1) process


Regularizers for semi-supervised learning

Other uses of regularization in statistics and machine learning


Memristive networks and mathematical models of circuit interactions

Memristance in a magnetic tunnel junction

Memfractance and memfractor, 2nd- and 3rd-order memristor, memcapacitor and meminductor


Key breakthrough to photorealism: reflectance capture


Characteristics of the action selection problem

Catecholaminergic Neuron Electron Transport (CNET)


Content moderation and censorship in Midjourney


Neuroscience research at University College London


Online education: massive open online course


History of facial recognition technology

Human identification at a distance (HID)

Deployment of FRT for availing government services

Bans on the use of facial recognition technology


Natural language processing and conversational AI


2020–present: ChatGPT, DALL-E and partnership with Microsoft


Match against members of the United States Congress


Uber's Advanced Technologies Group (ATG)


Use of terms "astronomy" and "astrophysics"

Fields not based on the electromagnetic spectrum


Making λ easier to interpret with an accuracy-simplicity tradeoff


MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory


Completeness under different types of reduction


Compressed sparse row (CSR, CRS or Yale format)


Race conditions, mutual exclusion, synchronization, and parallel slowdown

Fine-grained, coarse-grained, and embarrassing parallelism

Biological brain as massively parallel computer


Solving zero-sum games approximately (Oracle algorithm):


Time-dependent firing rate (averaging over several trials)

Non-spike ultramicro-coding (for advanced intelligence)


Matrix norms induced by vector α- and β- norms


Publication Type: Clinical queries/systematic reviews


Books published before Perl 6 version 1.0 (known as version 6.c)

Books published after Perl 6 version 1.0 (known as version 6.c)


Technique, advantages, and disadvantages

Detection of Dust Trapping around Lagrangian Points

Detection of extrasolar asteroids and debris disks


Finite impulse response Wiener filter for discrete series

Relationship to the least squares filter


California's deregulation and subsequent energy crisis

Former management and corporate governance

Commercial and industrial outsourcing services

Project development and management services

Enron Global Exploration & Production, Inc.

Enron Prize for Distinguished Public Service


Enhancers, transcription factors, mediator complex and DNA loops in mammalian transcription

DNA methylation and demethylation in transcriptional regulation

Transcriptional regulation in learning and memory

Three prime untranslated regions and microRNAs


Methylation of the gene body of highly transcribed genes

Differentially methylated regions (DMRs)

In identification and detection of body fluids


Single-photon emission computed tomography


Neuropsychology or cognitive neuroscience

Localization of the positron annihilation event


Total variation for functions of one real variable

Total variation for functions of n > 1 real variables

Modern definition of total variation norm

Total variation norm of complex measures

Total variation norm of vector-valued measures

Total variation of differentiable functions

The form of the total variation of a differentiable function of one variable

The form of the total variation of a differentiable function of several variables


Education and physics career (1982-2005)

Connectome: How the Brain’s Wiring Makes Us Who We Are


Video codecs based on vector quantization

Audio codecs based on vector quantization


List of journals published by the MIT Press


SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications


Alleged sexism in one peer review instance

Rapid-onset gender dysphoria controversy


Relationship to the Dirac delta function

Definitions of the generalized Kronecker delta

Contractions of the generalized Kronecker delta

Properties of the generalized Kronecker delta


Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory


Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems


Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism


Levels of marketing objectives within an organization


Selecting the appropriate number of factors

Kaiser's (1960) eigenvalue-greater-than-one rule (K1 or Kaiser criterion)

Revelle and Rocklin (1979) very simple structure

Optimal Coordinate and Acceleration Factor

Velicer's Minimum Average Partial test (MAP)

Tailoring Courtney's recommended procedures for ordinal and continuous data


Definition for two real random variables

Definition for two complex random variables

Definition for more than two random variables

Examples of dependence without correlation

When uncorrelatedness implies independence


Root mean square residual and standardized root mean square residual

Goodness of fit index and adjusted goodness of fit index

Normed fit index and non-normed fit index


Expectation of the product of two different quadratic forms


Cartesian coordinates with one skewed axis


Criteria for determining the number of factors

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) versus principal components analysis (PCA)


Differences between linear and nonlinear least squares


Prediction (interpolation and extrapolation)


IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications


Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers


General matrix form of the transformations

Representing a vector in the standard basis


Quantitative Methods for Research Synthesis (Meta-Analysis)

Parallel Analysis in Retrieving Unidimensionality in the Presence of Binary Data


Research on national cultures and critiques


Evaluation and comparison with alternatives


Required sample sizes for hypothesis tests


Value orientation, value change and World Values Survey


Linear and multilinear algebra formalism

More alternatives to the matrix formalism


Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society

Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy

Trump and the Populist Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolution in Reverse.


Question over transparency in pollster ratings

Partnership with The New York Times: 2010–2013


Felsic, intermediate and mafic igneous rocks


Differences between consumer and B2B quantitative research


Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world


Reliability and validity of self-report measures

Guidelines for the effective wording of questions


A comparison of classical and item response theories


National and international product classifications


Early presidential primary candidate debates

Sponsors, locations, moderators, panelists and viewership


Starting materials: the chemical elements of life

Relationship to other "molecular-scale" biological sciences


Arguments against use of the term "internal customers"


Testing in response to natural disasters and other emergencies

National specifications for ambient water and drinking water


Relationship to other biological sciences


Relevance for prebiotic chemistry and abiogenesis


Differences between cultures on the values dimensions

Correlations of values with other country differences

Importance of cultural-difference awareness

Individual level: cultural dimensions versus individual personalities


Evaluation and comparison with alternatives


Relation to other psychological constructs


Use of private server for government business

May 2016 report from State Department's inspector general

State Department inspector general reports and statements

August 2015 – Investigation continues; email recovery

July 2016 – Investigation concludes and perjury referral

Senate probes Loretta Lynch interference

Department of Justice Inspector General's report

Russian intelligence and Comey's pronouncements

Judicial Watch v. U.S. Department of State

Jason Leopold v. U.S. Department of State

Associated Press v. U.S. Department of State

Other suits and coordination of email cases


Levels, scope, and scale of organization


Definition and properties of the mapping sentence

Cartesian decomposition and completion: an example

Complementary topics concerning the mapping sentence

Description of Faceted Smallest Space Analysis (Faceted SSA)

Example 1. The structure of intelligence

Example 2. The structure of quality of life

Description of Partial Order Scalogram Analysis by Coordinates (POSAC)

Example 3. TV watching patterns: analysis of simplified survey data

Example 4. Measuring distributive justice attitudes

Complementary topics in partial order spaces


Manufacturing and industrial process control


Biclustering and multidimensional clustering

Hands-on experience with formal concept analysis


Reinforcement learning for recommender systems


Continuum International Publishing Group


The Psychologically Healthy Workplace program

APA internship crisis for graduate students

Class action lawsuit by members claiming deceptive dues assessments


As a substitute for task wasted time, energy, and material

As an influence that leads to transformation


Points of application in real compression theory


BWT for compression of genomic databases


Asynchronous and synchronous data transmission


Length-limited Huffman coding/minimum variance Huffman coding

Huffman coding with unequal letter costs

Optimal alphabetic binary trees (Hu–Tucker coding)


Information capacity and information compression


Arithmetic coding as a generalized change of radix

Connections with other compression methods

Benchmarks and other technical characteristics


Patent rights and open-source implementation


Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding


Describing generally accessible computing equipment

Formal quantification of computing capability


Code-rate and the tradeoff between reliability and data rate

Concatenated ECC codes for improved performance


Monotonically decreasing function of probability

Two independent, identically distributed dice


Randomized incremental constructions in geometry


Fidelity range extensions and professional profiles


High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection


Filter mosaics, interpolation, and aliasing

Digital single-lens reflex cameras (DSLR)


Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed video coding formats


The Mathematical Theory of Communication

Shannon's estimate for the complexity of chess


Techniques that cause generation loss in digital systems

Photocopying, photography, video, and miscellaneous postings


Sample companding viewed as a form of speech coding


Memoryless (independent) Gaussian source with squared-error distortion

Memoryless (independent) Bernoulli source with Hamming distortion

Connecting rate-distortion theory to channel capacity


Proof: Source coding theorem for symbol codes

Extension to non-stationary independent sources

Fixed Rate lossless source coding for discrete time non-stationary independent sources


Examples of taking advantage of an HVS model


Alternative characterization via additivity and subadditivity


Standards published and under development


Advantages of the Walsh–Hadamard transform

Some properties are similar to those of the DFT

Hadamard transform in quantum algorithms

Molecular phylogenetics (evolutionary biology) applications


Duality formula for variational inference

Relation to other quantities of information theory

Principle of minimum discrimination information

Relationship to other probability-distance measures


FFT algorithms specialized for real or symmetric data

Bounds on complexity and operation counts


Advantages already in consumer level cameras

Advantages of professional digital cameras


Requirement for shift variance and ringing behavior

Comparison with Fourier transform and time-frequency analysis


Improvements over the 1992 JPEG standard

Progressive transmission by pixel and resolution accuracy

Computational complexity and performance

JPIP protocol for streaming JPEG 2000 images


The dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DCWT)


Fidelity range extensions and professional profiles


Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed audio coding formats


Origins and competition from Blu-ray Disc

Warner Blu-ray Disc replacements in the U.S.


Psychophysical methods for measuring thresholds

Psychometric function of absolute hearing threshold

Minimal audible field vs minimal audible pressure


Sample companding viewed as a form of speech coding


Recent revision aimed at more precise determination – ISO 226:2003

Relevance to sound level and noise measurements


Relationship to DCT-IV and Origin of TDAC


Bell's personal research after the telephone

Formal organization and location changes

Building Complex Location (code) information, past and present

Bell Labs locations listed in 1974 corporate directory

Nobel Prize, Turing Award, IEEE Medal of Honor

Emmy Awards, Grammy Award, and Academy Award


History of sound cards for the IBM PC architecture

Sound devices other than expansion cards

Integrated sound hardware on PC motherboards


Option 1: difference between two consecutive quantized samples


Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation


Mid-riser and mid-tread uniform quantizers

Granular distortion and overload distortion

Neglecting the entropy constraint: Lloyd–Max quantization

Uniform quantization and the 6 dB/bit approximation


Techniques that cause generation loss in digital systems

Photocopying, photography, video, and miscellaneous postings


Editors designed for use in speech research

Comparison of destructive and real-time editing

Advantages of non-destructive (real-time) editing

Limitations of non-destructive (real-time) editing


Lossless, lossy, and uncompressed video coding formats


Classification of objective video quality models

Use of picture quality models for video quality estimation

Uses and application of objective models


Frequency quantization for image compression


Motion compensation block boundary artifacts


Multi-pass encoding and single-pass encoding


Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM)

Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE)

Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS)

NUISG (Nagoya University International Student Group)

NUFSA (Nagoya University International Student Association)

COFSA (Co-Op Foreign Student Association)


Dolby technologies in packaged media formats


Post-process versus in-line deduplication


Quarter Pixel (QPel) and Half Pixel motion compensation


Typical Group Of Pictures (GOP) structure

H.264 Inter frame prediction improvements

Resolution of up to ¼ pixel motion compensation


Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding


History of the Audicom radio automation software


Resolution independence and fractal scaling


Alleged complicity with drone strikes in Yemen and Somalia


International Organization for Standardization

International standards and other publications


International Telecommunication Regulations (ITRs)


2017 US nuclear construction liabilities


Elementary streams, packets, and clock references

GOP configurations for specific applications


Information and telecommunication systems

Social infrastructure and industrial systems


1892: The founding of the General Electric Company

2020–present: COVID-19, restructuring, and rebranding to Vantiva


Inaugural HDTV broadcast in the United States


Initial growth from CollegeHumor (2004–2009)

Developing high-definition content delivery (2009–2017)

Transition to a software provider (2016–2019)

Transition to a standalone public company (2020–present)


Problems preventing the use of HTTP compression


The Consumer Council of Norway EULA challenge


High-capacity digital recording technologies


Monotonically decreasing function of probability

Two independent, identically distributed dice


Uncomputability of Kolmogorov complexity

A naive attempt at a program to compute K


Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers


The Mathematical Theory of Communication

Shannon's estimate for the complexity of chess


Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding


List of genomic re-sequencing data compression tools


High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection


Susan Wojcicki and going mainstream (2014–2018)

YouTube as a tool to promote conspiracy theories and far-right content

Handling of COVID-19 pandemic and other misinformation


Launch as a mail-based rental business (1997–2006)

Transition to streaming services (2007–2012)

Development of original programming (2013–2017)

Expansion into international productions (2017–2020)

Expansion into gaming, Squid Game, end of DVDs (2021–present)


The birth of British broadcasting, 1920 to 1922

From private company towards public service corporation, 1923 to 1926


Institution of Engineering and Technology

History of the Institution of Manufacturing Engineers


Acquired companies and discontinued imprints


Turkish Studies Program and Armenian genocide denial


Uniquely decodable non-prefix unary codes


Early leadership and administrative history


Collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh


Use in practical data compression algorithms


Microsoft Compressed HTML Help (CHM) files


Adaptive run-length Golomb–Rice encoding


Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation


Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding


SBS Application 24 kbps delta modulation


Requirement for shift variance and ringing behavior

Comparison with Fourier transform and time-frequency analysis


Derivation as a special case of Poisson summation

Application to multivariable signals and images

Sampling below the Nyquist rate under additional restrictions


Embedded Zerotrees of Wavelet transforms

A. Encoding a coefficient of the significance map

1. Initial threshold T0: (Assume Cmax is the largest coefficient.)

2. Threshold Ti is reduced to half of the value of the previous threshold.

(1) Refinement pass (or subordinate pass)


Associate members (limited voting and managerial rights)

Standards and tools published in database format


Mixing tapes from different manufacturers


Intra-coded (I) frames/slices (key frames)

Bi-directional predicted (B) frames/slices (macroblocks)


The scaling sequences of lowest approximation order


Algebraic code-excited linear prediction


Fourier transform for periodic functions

Uniform continuity and the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma

Plancherel theorem and Parseval's theorem

Numerical integration of closed-form functions

Numerical integration of a series of ordered pairs

Discrete Fourier transforms and fast Fourier transforms

Formulas for general n-dimensional functions


Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

Educational and professional development activities


Fidelity range extensions and professional profiles


Video compression formats and codecs versions


Quality comparison and low-latency performance


Streaming music service / Internet radio


Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format


Transport over video links and IP networks

RFC9134 - RTP Payload Format for ISO/IEC 21122 (JPEG XS)


Design commonalities with the JPEG2000 compressor


Device-independent bitmaps and the BMP file format


Header for MPEG-2 video elementary stream

General layout of MPEG-1 audio elementary stream


Standardization, reception and popularity


Creating an archive, and updating an archive


Relation to other forms of software licensing


Free and open-source software commercialization


Comparisons with other video codecs (2003-2005)


Alternatives for AAC encoding in Unix-like operating systems


From multiple traffic sensing modalities

Bayesian auto-regressive Gaussian processes


Related systems (data mart, OLAP, OLTP, predictive analytics)

Dimensional versus normalized approach for storage of data


Corrupt partitions and file systems, media errors


Limitations of traditional data transformation


Potential connections to individual intelligence

Coordination in different types of tasks


Migration as a form of digital preservation


Data integrity as applied to various industries


Criticism of existing tools and processes


Data keys and values, structures and persistence


Protection of privacy in information systems

United States Safe Harbor program and passenger name record issues


Software versus hardware-based mechanisms for protecting data


Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014

Failed mandatory ISP retention legislation attempts

Initiative against extensive data retention

Plans for extending data retention to social networks


Global capacity, digitization, and trends


ECCMA  (Electronic Commerce Code Management Association)


Critiques of big data policing and surveillance


CBS Acquisition and redesign (2007–2009)

Changes to streaming and access on other platforms (2009–2011)

Website and desktop application redesigns (2012–2013)

End of radio streaming and redesign (2014–present)

List of supported media players and streaming sites


Interpretation of the size of a correlation


Matrix factorization (recommender systems)


Synchronous vs. asynchronous collaboration

Applications of collaborative search engines

Privacy-aware collaborative search engines


Approximate solutions for contextual bandit

Follow the perturbed leader (FPL) algorithm


Bias against passengers in certain demographic groups


Hierarchical, linear, and planar schemata


Term frequency–inverse document frequency


Lawsuits filed against online dating services


Counter-intelligence research on class action plaintiffs

Sexual harassment allegations and management shakeup (2017)


Replacement of dedicated digital cameras


Strong AI as computationalism or functionalism

Systems and virtual mind replies: finding the mind

Robot and semantics replies: finding the meaning

Commonsense knowledge / contextualist reply

Brain simulation and connectionist replies: redesigning the room

Many mansions / wait till next year reply

Speed and complexity: appeals to intuition

Other minds and zombies: meaninglessness


Other symbolic knowledge and reasoning tools

Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning

Classifiers and statistical learning methods

Cognitive architecture and multi-agent systems

Artificial intelligence researchers and scholars


Advantages of superhuman intelligence over humans

Possibility of unfriendly AI preceding friendly AI


Statistical learning in language acquisition


Estimating the Click-Through Rate for Ads

Click-Through Rate and Search Engine Optimization


Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval


Proposed tests of artificial intelligence

Human-level artificial general intelligence (AGI)


Artificial intelligence systems integration


Ethics principles of artificial intelligence

Transparency, accountability, and open source

Weaponization of artificial intelligence


Intelligence as performative: queer and feminist interpretations

Should the interrogator know about the computer?

Emphasis on emotional and aesthetic intelligence

Human intelligence vs. intelligence in general

Consciousness vs. the simulation of consciousness

Impracticality and irrelevance: the Turing test and AI research

Distinguishing accurate use of language from actual understanding

Other tests based on compression or Kolmogorov complexity

2005 Colloquium on Conversational Systems

The Alan Turing Year, and Turing100 in 2012


Can a machine display general intelligence?

Arguments that a machine can display general intelligence

Can a machine have a mind, consciousness, and mental states?

Consciousness, minds, mental states, meaning

Arguments that a computer cannot have a mind and mental states

Related arguments: Leibniz' mill, Davis's telephone exchange, Block's Chinese nation and Blockhead

Can a machine imitate all human characteristics?


Questionable research practices and fraud

Metadata and digital tools for tracking replications

Addressing misinterpretation of p-values

Emphasize triangulation, not just replication

Replication should seek to revise theories


Modern artificial general intelligence research

Criticisms of simulation-based approaches


Probabilistic methods for uncertain reasoning

Classifiers and statistical learning methods

Machine consciousness, sentience and mind


Environmental interaction and navigation

Occupational safety and health implications


The first AI summer: irrational exuberance, 1948–1966

Approaches inspired by human or animal cognition or behavior

Early work on knowledge representation and reasoning

The first AI winter: crushed dreams, 1967–1977

The second AI summer: knowledge is power, 1978–1987

Adding in more rigorous foundations, 1993–2011

Deep learning and neuro-symbolic AI 2011–now

Neuro-symbolic AI: integrating neural and symbolic approaches

Constraints and constraint-based reasoning

Connectionist AI: philosophical challenges and sociological conflicts

Philosophical: critiques from Dreyfus and other philosophers


Situated approach (artificial intelligence)

From Nouvelle AI to behavior-based and situated AI


Distributive and non-distributive profiling


Power-seeking and instrumental strategies


Existential risk from artificial general intelligence

Difficulties of modifying goal specification after launch


Systemic safety and sociotechnical factors


Unfair or deceptive practices affecting consumers

Loot boxes in computer and video games as gambling

Money Now Funding / Cash4Businesses case

Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital and Palmyra Medical Center in Georgia

ProMedica health system and St. Luke's hospital in Ohio

OSF healthcare system and Rockford Health System in Illinois.


Similarities and Differences to Echo Chambers


Mythical, fictional, and speculative precursors

Alchemical means of artificial intelligence

The birth of artificial intelligence 1952–1956

Symbolic reasoning and the Logic Theorist

Dartmouth Workshop 1956: the birth of AI

Perceptrons and the attack on connectionism

Logic and symbolic reasoning: the "neats"

The money returns: the Fifth Generation project

Probabilistic reasoning and greater rigor

Deep learning, big data and artificial general intelligence: 2011–present


List of artificial intelligence projects


Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)

Analytical Review and Conditional Expectations in Auditing

Portfolio, product or economy-level prediction


Training, validation, and test data sets


Materials and designs in the US and Japan


List of programming languages for artificial intelligence


Training Services and Learning Outsourcing


Symbolic AI after GOFAI and confusions caused by viewing symbolic AI as only GOFAI

The 1980s GOFAI version of symbolic AI characterized by production rules and expert systems

Problems when current symbolic AI is viewed as GOFAI

The GOFAI critique of disembodied agents


Formal introduction and later developments


Challenges that CAD in Medicine Faces Today


Extraction from structured sources to RDF

1:1 Mapping from RDB Tables/Views to RDF Entities/Attributes/Values

Complex mappings of relational databases to RDF

Extraction from natural language sources

Linguistic annotation / natural language processing (NLP)

Ontology-based information extraction (OBIE)


Data transfer for ROM and EPROM programming


Bias–variance decomposition of mean squared error


Targeted advertising and increasing internet engagement

Archaeology, history and imaging of sites

Video content analysis, surveillance and manipulated media detection


Observations of students completed by teachers

Observations of teachers completed by other professionals


Machine translation and the ALPAC report of 1966

The abandonment of connectionism in 1969

The setbacks of the late 1980s and early 1990s

Slowdown in deployment of expert systems

Arguments and debates on past and future of AI


Forming a consensus of inputs and fuzzy rules


Pattern formation and mathematical biology


Computer checkers (draughts) development


Connectionism vs. computationalism debate


Self-propelled particles (Vicsek et al.  1995)

Stochastic diffusion search (Bishop 1989)

Particle swarm optimization (Kennedy, Eberhart & Shi 1995)


Application of affinity analysis techniques in retail

Application of affinity analysis techniques in clinical diagnosis


Hessian locally-linear embedding (Hessian LLE)

Modified Locally-Linear Embedding (MLLE)

t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding

Topologically constrained isometric embedding

Uniform manifold approximation and projection


Intuitive distinguishing agents from objects

Distinguishing agents from expert systems

Distinguishing intelligent software agents from intelligent agents in AI

Work contentment and job satisfaction impact

Examples  of intelligent software agents

Software development agents (aka software bots)


Topic models for quantitative biomedicine


Online dictionary learning (LASSO approach)


Example: forming dollar amounts by coins

Relationship to the well-ordering principle


Strong and weak NP-hardness vs. strong and weak polynomial-time algorithms


Functional programming in non-functional languages


Generative models vs. discriminative models


Graph-based approach of the Laplacian norm

Solving the regularization problem with graph-based approach

Functional approach of the Laplacian norm

Laplacian Regularized Least Squares (LapRLS)

Laplacian Support Vector Machines (LapSVM)


Element identifier and addressing formulas


Classification of critical points and extrema


Duplication or skimming of card information


The Fifth Generation Computer Systems project


Michigan-Style Learning Classifier System

Pittsburgh-Style Learning Classifier System


Free open-source data mining software and applications

Proprietary data-mining software and applications


Continuity and differentiability of piecewise functions


Dynamic noise limiter and dynamic noise reduction


A priori property of logical consequence


Price sensitivity and consumer psychology


Hardware interface standardization (post-1980s)


Uber's Advanced Technologies Group (ATG)


The Information Geometry of Statistical Manifolds


Relation to singular-value decomposition and Wiener filter


How to detect credit card fraud using technology

Artificial and Computational intelligence

Countermeasures to combat card payment fraud

Disparities and Ethical Dilemmas in Credit Card Fraud


Behavior informatics and behavior computing

21st-century behaviorism (behavior analysis)


Discrimination against the LGBTQ community


Mutation without consideration of restrictions

Mutation with consideration of restrictions

Variants with preference for smaller changes


Conditional independence of random variables

Conditional independence of random vectors


Reachability relation, transitive closure, and transitive reduction

Transitive closure and transitive reduction


Crossover for different genetic representations

Crossover for integer or real-valued genomes

Further crossover operators for permutations


Federated stochastic gradient descent (FedSGD)

Federated Learning with Dynamic Regularization (FedDyn)

Personalized Federated Learning by Pruning (Sub-FedAvg)

Dynamic Aggregation - Inverse Distance Aggregation

Hybrid Federated Dual Coordinate Ascent (HyFDCA)

Federated ViT using Dynamic Aggregation (FED-REV)


Bayesian statistics and probability logic


Parametric families of covariance functions


Business (or commercial/investment) banking


Detecting and recognizing emotional information

Cognitivist vs. interactional approaches


Relation to secondary and tertiary structure


Machine learning in computational economics

Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model

Computational tools and programming languages


Weighting and television colour components

Weighting and UV factor derivation for sun exposure


Insurance, aid for survivors and lawsuits


Heritable variation, differential reproduction


Brownian motion as the integral of Gaussian processes

Bayesian neural networks as Gaussian processes


High-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods

Large-scale sequencing and de novo sequencing

Single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing

Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS)

Combinatorial probe anchor synthesis (cPAS)

In vitro virus high-throughput sequencing


Chromosomes with real-valued or integer genes


The deformable template orbit model of computational anatomy

Lagrangian and Eulerian flows for generating diffeomorphisms

The diffeomorphism group of computational anatomy

Diffeomorphometry: The metric space of shapes and forms

The right-invariant metric on diffeomorphisms

The action integral for Hamilton's principle on diffeomorphic flows

Diffeomorphic or Eulerian shape momentum

The Euler–Lagrange equation on shape momentum for geodesics on the group of diffeomorphisms

Diffeomorphic shape momentum: a classical vector function

Riemannian exponential (geodesic positioning) and Riemannian logarithm (geodesic coordinates)

Hamiltonian formulation of computational anatomy

Stationarity of the Hamiltonian and kinetic energy along Euler–Lagrange

The metric on geodesic flows of landmarks, surfaces, and volumes within the orbit

Conservation laws on diffeomorphic shape momentum for computational anatomy

Geodesic interpolation of information between coordinate systems via variational problems

Matching based on minimizing kinetic energy action with endpoint condition

Dense image matching in computational anatomy

Hamiltonian LDDMM in the reduced advected state

Diffusion tensor image matching in computational anatomy

High Angular Resolution Diffusion Image (HARDI) matching in computational anatomy

Landmark or point matching with correspondence

Measure matching: unregistered landmarks

Growth and atrophy from longitudinal time-series

The random orbit model of computational anatomy

The Bayesian model of computational anatomy

Statistical shape theory in computational anatomy


Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces


Stock price performance and quarterly earnings

Climate change denial and misinformation

Anti-trust, privacy, and other litigation


Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)


Computational equivalence of hardware and software

Hardware acceleration units by application


Closed community and governmental self-insurance

Complexity of insurance policy contracts


DataVec vectorization library for machine-learning

API Languages: Java, Scala, Python , Clojure & Kotlin


Multi-modal robot locomotion based on bio-inspiration


Artificial intelligence and machine learning


Translational models with additional embeddings


Advancement with wearable technology over years


Virtualization and datacenter automation software


Preemptive multitasking or multi-threading


Estimation of errors in quoted sensitivity or specificity


Integration of Artificial General Intelligences with society


Local area networks and wide area networks


GPU accelerated video decoding and encoding

Video decoding processes that can be accelerated

Stream processing and general purpose GPUs (GPGPU)


Classification of multiple hypothesis tests


Training, validation, and test data sets


Ambiguity in the definition of false positive rate


Health assessment of engineered structures of bridges, buildings and other related infrastructures

Data acquisition, normalization and cleansing


Match against members of the United States Congress


Using the framework of international human rights law

Duties of states: human rights obligations

Responsibilities of private sector actors: human rights due diligence


Mechanisms for propagating action potentials


Mathematical formulation of group fairness definitions

Definitions based on predicted and actual outcomes

Definitions based on predicted probabilities and actual outcome


Relation to human cognitive and brain development


Association for Computational Linguistics


Transition from Map Reduce to Apache Spark


Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS)


List of important publications in computer science

A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence

Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference

Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach

On the uniform convergence of relative frequencies of events to their probabilities

Learning representations by back-propagating errors

Learning Quickly When Irrelevant Attributes Abound: A New Linear-threshold Algorithm

Learning to predict by the method of Temporal difference

Learnability and the Vapnik–Chervonenkis dimension

Cryptographic limitations on learning boolean formulae and finite automata

A training algorithm for optimum margin classifiers

A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets

Knowledge-based analysis of microarray gene expression data by using support vector machines

On the translation of languages from left to right

Compiler Construction for Digital Computers

A Unified Approach to Global Program Optimization

Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools

The case for the reduced instruction set computer

Comments on "the Case for the Reduced Instruction Set Computer"

Validity of the Single Processor Approach to Achieving Large Scale Computing Capabilities

A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)

The case for a single-chip multiprocessor

Sketchpad, a Man-Machine Graphical Communication System

The Phase Correlation Image Alignment Method

An Iterative Image Registration Technique with an Application to Stereo Vision

The Laplacian Pyramid as a compact image code

Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions, and the Bayesian restoration of images

Condensation – conditional density propagation for visual tracking

Object recognition from local scale-invariant features

Concurrent, parallel, and distributed computing

A relational model for large shared data banks

Relational Completeness of Data Base Sublanguages

The Entity Relationship Model – Towards a Unified View of Data

SEQUEL: A structured English query language

The notions of consistency and predicate locks in a database system

Federated database systems for managing distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous databases

Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases

A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century

A Vector Space Model for Automatic Indexing

A Statistical Interpretation of Term Specificity and Its Application in Retrieval

A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication

The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols

Analysis and Simulation of a Fair Queuing Algorithm

Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications

The Working Set Model for Program Behavior

Virtual Memory, Processes, and Sharing in MULTICS

The nucleus of a multiprogramming system

Experiences with Processes and Monitors in Mesa

Scheduling Techniques for Concurrent Systems

The Design and Implementation of a Log-Structured File System

Microkernel operating system architecture and Mach

An Implementation of a Log-Structured File System for UNIX

Soft Updates: A Solution to the Metadata Update problem in File Systems

Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, part I

Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages

Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs

An axiomatic basis for computer programming

Software engineering: Report of a conference sponsored by the NATO Science Committee

A Description of the Model-View-Controller User Interface Paradigm in the Smalltalk-80 System

On the criteria to be used in decomposing systems into modules

A technique for software module specification with examples

The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering

No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering

Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object Oriented Software

Statecharts: A Visual Formalism For Complex Systems


Kubeflow Notebooks for model development

Kubeflow Training Operator for model training


International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems


International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics


Graphical user interface: Oracle Data Miner

Predictive analytics Microsoft Excel add-in


Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

Best Paper Award (Best Research Track Paper)


S3, EC2, and other first generation services (2006–2010)


AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence


Similarity to services by other cloud service providers


Examples of latency or throughput dominated systems


Dependability of information systems and survivability


Portfolio management and wealth planning

Recognition by professional organizations

Professional Risk Managers' International Association (PRMIA)

Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards (CFP Board)


Telecommunication network devices energy indices


Preemptive multitasking or multi-threading


Tracking evictions and rent stabilization in New York City

Cancer-causing industrial air pollution map


2015: Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak and 1MDB

2018–present: Investigation into Stormy Daniels payment


The New York Times en Español (Spanish-language)


Efforts for minimizing computer hardware waste


Translating from human to computer language

Making program information available for humans


Relative computability and the Turing degrees

Rice's theorem and the arithmetical hierarchy

The lattice of computably enumerable sets

Relationships between definability, proof and computability


Attitudes across different computing platforms


Package management system vs. package development process


External and Embedded Domain Specific Languages

Unreal Engine before version 4 and other games

Generate model and services to multiple programming Languages

Tools for designing domain-specific languages


External, conceptual, and internal views


Computer language for Euclid's algorithm

An inelegant program for Euclid's algorithm

An elegant program for Euclid's algorithm

Measuring and improving the Euclid algorithms

History: Development of the notion of "algorithm"

Manipulation of symbols as "place holders" for numbers: algebra

Mechanical contrivances with discrete states

Mathematics during the 19th century up to the mid-20th century

Emil Post (1936) and Alan Turing (1936–37, 1939)

J. B. Rosser (1939) and S. C. Kleene (1943)


Assertions, design by contract, and defensive programming

Error-handling, exception-handling, and fault tolerance

State-based and table-driven construction techniques

Runtime configuration and internationalization


Comparison of communication and interactive tools

Exponential generation of resource consuming negative externalities

Information overload and arbitrary filtering of communication


Comparisons with other software licensing/development models


Joint Requirements Development (JRD) Sessions


Development of modern process control operations


Comparative programming language analysis


Criticism of the current state of programming


Computer languages vs programming languages


Online methods used to build brand awareness

Targeting, viewability, brand safety, and invalid traffic


Diversity of operating systems and portability


Multiple early exit/exit from nested loops


Discrete, continuous, and hybrid automata


Internet of things and physical vulnerabilities

Robert Morris and the first computer worm

Office of Personnel Management data breach

Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)


Underdetermined systems with other constraints and in optimization problems


Quantum mechanics/Molecular mechanics (QM/MM)


Electromechanical and electronic word processing


Reproducing Hilbert space of vector valued functions (RKHSvv)

Learning tasks together with their structure


Languages supporting concurrent programming


Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems


Electronic versions of traditional media


Computer security compromised by hardware failure


Difference between Synthography and Artificial Intelligence Art


Direct-recording electronic (DRE) voting system


Accessibility options for specific impairments

Accessibility application programming interfaces

Accessibility features in mainstream software

Positive effects of computer accessibility

Students who can benefit from personalized learning

Standards and regulations regarding computer accessibility

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973


GPU accelerated video decoding and encoding

Video decoding processes that can be accelerated

Stream processing and general purpose GPUs (GPGPU)


Image latency and display refresh frequency

Relationship between display and field of view

Children and teenagers in virtual reality


Recognizing the effects of extending processing power


Decision support, artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare

Medical image computing and imaging informatics

History, current state and policy initiatives by region and country

Competencies, education and certification


The bidirectional reflectance distribution function


General definition in the context of error analysis


Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics


Apprehensions about Artificial Intelligence

Difference between Deciding and Choosing


Interdisciplinary studies and studies of interdisciplinarity

Efforts to simplify and defend the concept


Potential AI-based techniques to improve translations

Using machine translation as a teaching tool

Machine translation and signed languages


Historical development of models of transformational grammar

Revised extended standard theory (1973–1976)

Government and binding/principles and parameters theory (1981–1990)


Software quality and usability deficiencies

Contribution under UN administration and accredited organizations

Common data model (in health data context)

Long-term preservation and storage of records


The geometric definition of the Grassmannian as a set

The Grassmannian as a differentiable manifold

The Grassmannian as a set of orthogonal projections

Plücker coordinates and the Plücker relations

The Grassmannian as a real affine algebraic variety

Cohomology ring of the complex Grassmannian


Other formulations and similar observations


Theses/projects which took place in a blocks world


Integration of phonemes with lip-movements


Foundations of Computational Mathematics


Anti-war activism and dissent: 1967–1975

Edward S. Herman and the Faurisson affair: 1976–1980

Critique of propaganda and international affairs

Academic achievements, awards, and honors


Initial years and the Paris Treaty (1948–1957)

First enlargement, and European co-operation (1973–1993)

Treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam and Nice (1993–2004)

Treaty of Lisbon, and Brexit (2004–present)

International cooperation and development partnerships

Capital Markets Union and financial institutions


Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis


Object-oriented implementation in Smalltalk


Relation to randomness and probability in quantum mechanics


In the context of quantitative linguistics

Other uses of the words agglutination and agglutinative

Agglutinative languages in natural language processing


Example: Using evolutionary information to guide structure prediction


Examples of potentially confusing ambiguous mathematical expressions

Notations in quantum optics and quantum mechanics

Ambiguous terms in physics and mathematics

Mathematical interpretation of ambiguity

Social psychology and the bystander effect


Disciplines and paradigms in linguistic semantics


Extraction from structured sources to RDF

1:1 Mapping from RDB Tables/Views to RDF Entities/Attributes/Values

Complex mappings of relational databases to RDF

Extraction from natural language sources

Linguistic annotation / natural language processing (NLP)

Ontology-based information extraction (OBIE)


Conventions followed by publications and newspapers


In the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting

In the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology


Classical, Modern Standard and spoken Arabic

Status in the Arab world vis-à-vis other languages


Computational Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence


stigmḕ teleía, stigmḕ mésē and hypostigmḕ

Medieval Latin and modern English period

Abbreviations and personal titles of address


Typewriters and electronic communication


Some mathematical constructs regarding formal grammars


Association of Spanish Language Academies

Official use by international organizations


Basque (agglutinative nominal inflection / fusional verb inflection)

Mainland Southeast Asian languages (isolating)


Publication value of natural-language programs and documents

Contribution of natural-language programs to machine knowledge


Other language families and linguistic regions


Rank-reduced singular value decomposition

Querying and augmenting LSI vector spaces


Some technical linguistic characteristics


Dichotomy between spell and grammar checkers

Acquisition of lexico-grammatical patterns


Theory vs. implementation, and Vanilla ACT-R

Memory, attention, and executive control

Integration with rational analysis: 1990–1998

Brain Imaging and Modular Structure: 1998–2015


Use in cognitive linguistics and construction grammar


Subfields of natural-language processing

Structures used in natural-language processing

Component processes of natural-language understanding

Component processes of natural-language generation

General natural-language processing concepts

Companies involved in natural-language processing

People influential in natural-language processing


Grouping into the two macroroles of actor and undergoer


Piaget's theory of cognitive development

Common types of tests on human cognition


Cognitive Linguistics (linguistics framework)

Cognitive perspective on natural language processing


Conceptual metaphorical mapping in animals


Information retrieval and question answering

Applications of phrase mining to disease associations


Vacuum tubes and digital electronic circuits


Validity, satisfiability, and logical consequence

First-order theories, models, and elementary classes

Hilbert-style systems and natural deduction

Restrictions, extensions, and variations

Automated theorem proving and formal methods


Mathematics used in computer algebra systems


Imperial Alexander University in Finland 1828–1919

International Master’s Degree Programmes


IEEE 754: floating point in modern computers

Representable numbers, conversion and rounding

Binary-to-decimal conversion with minimal number of digits

Machine precision and backward error analysis

Minimizing the effect of accuracy problems


Stoppage criteria of the sifting process

Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)


Higher derivatives of multivariable functions


Perron–Frobenius theorem for irreducible non-negative matrices

Perron root is strictly maximal eigenvalue for positive (and primitive) matrices

Inequalities for Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue


Damping in electrical systems / resistance


1969–present: Command-line user interface

1985: SAA User Interface or Text-Based User Interface

A model of design criteria: User Experience Honeycomb


Discretization and numerical integration

Numerical stability and well-posed problems

Interpolation, extrapolation, and regression

Solving equations and systems of equations

Solving eigenvalue or singular value problems


Rotation, coordinate scaling, and reflection

Singular values as semiaxes of an ellipse or ellipsoid

The columns of U and V are orthonormal bases

Singular values, singular vectors, and their relation to the SVD


Total derivative, total differential and Jacobian matrix


Krylov subspaces and the power iteration

Finding eigenvalues with the Arnoldi iteration

Implicitly restarted Arnoldi method (IRAM)


Local variables, recursion and reentrancy


Fundamental theory of matrix eigenvectors and eigenvalues

Useful facts regarding eigendecomposition


Traces in the language of tensor products


Factoring univariate polynomials over the integers

Factoring over algebraic extensions (Trager's method)


Support in various programming languages


Relation to recursively defined functions

Total functions that are not provably total

Uncomputable functions and unsolvable problems


Sines and cosines of sums of infinitely many angles

Product-to-sum and sum-to-product identities

Finite products of trigonometric functions

Certain linear fractional transformations

Relation to the complex exponential function

Further "conditional" identities for the case α + β + γ = 180°

Relationship between all trigonometric ratios


Nonassociativity of floating point calculation


Lambda expressions and function definition

List structure of program code; exploitation by macros and compilers


Division, subtraction, and exponentiation

Function composition of linear functions

Mathematical structures and commutativity

Non-commuting operators in quantum mechanics


Notion of a rational function on an algebraic variety


Univariate polynomials with coefficients in a field

Bézout's identity and extended GCD algorithm

GCD over a ring and its field of fractions

Relation between the GCD over R and over F

Proof that GCD exists for multivariate polynomials


Theorems proved with the help of computer programs


International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation


Applications in high-energy physics and other fields


GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library


Algebraic, irrational and transcendental numbers


Rational function and birational equivalence

Cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD)

Asymptotic complexity vs. practical efficiency


Other historical numeral systems using digits


Variable range with minimal movement (dynamic hash function)


Other data structures for separate chaining

Other collision resolution techniques based on open addressing


Multiplicative inverses and the RSA algorithm

Unique factorization of quadratic integers


Upper bounds on the spectral radius of a matrix

Upper bounds for spectral radius of a graph


Convexity and monotonicity of the trace function

Jensen's operator and trace inequalities

Von Neumann's trace inequality and related results


Relation to maximum and minimum elements


Inspection and modification of source code

Interoperability with software and hardware

Software limited to certain hardware configurations


Code pages and other historical encodings


Traces in the language of tensor products


Relation to hypergraphs and directed graphs


Screen captures of previous Mathcad versions


Finite-dimensional complex normed spaces

Maximum norm (special case of: infinity norm, uniform norm, or supremum norm)

Classification of seminorms: absolutely convex absorbing sets


Connections to other applications, programming languages, and services


Mathematical areas covered by the system


Rotation, coordinate scaling, and reflection

Singular values as semiaxes of an ellipse or ellipsoid

The columns of U and V are orthonormal bases

Singular values, singular vectors, and their relation to the SVD


Influence function and sensitivity curve


Applications in matrix theory and spectral theory

Applications in stability theory and numerical analysis

Applications to elliptic differential operators


Topological spaces with algebraic structure


Image padding in Fourier domain filtering


Computation of the optimal rotation matrix


Extension to polynomials with two or more variables


Resultant of generic homogeneous polynomials

Properties of the generic Macaulay resultant

Extension to more polynomials and computation


Numerical determination of the matrix polar decomposition


Time-causal analogue of the Gabor filter

Applications of 2D Gabor filters in image processing


Energy; calculation of semi-major axis from state vectors

Semi-major and semi-minor axes of the planets' orbits


Divisibility, prime elements, and irreducible elements


Horizontal and vertical shear of the plane


Spectral subspaces and projection-valued measures


Reflection through a hyperplane in n dimensions


Determinantal rank – size of largest non-vanishing minor

Tensor rank – minimum number of simple tensors


The open unit disk, the plane, and the upper half-plane

Unit disks with respect to other metrics


MathWorld, ScienceWorld, and Wolfram Research


Nonhomogeneous systems of linear equations


Notation of floating-point number system

Roundoff error under different rounding rules

Calculating roundoff error in IEEE standard

Measuring roundoff error by using machine epsilon

Roundoff error caused by floating-point arithmetic


Addition, scalar multiplication, and transposition

Abstract algebraic aspects and generalizations

Symmetries and transformations in physics

Other historical usages of the word "matrix" in mathematics


Linear and multilinear algebra formalism

More alternatives to the matrix formalism


Theorem of Apollonios on conjugate diameters


The iterative method of Ben-Israel and Cohen

Obtaining all solutions of a linear system

Minimum norm solution to a linear system


Univariate polynomials with coefficients in a field

Bézout's identity and extended GCD algorithm

GCD over a ring and its field of fractions

Relation between the GCD over R and over F

Proof that GCD exists for multivariate polynomials


Proof that every vector space has a basis


General statement of the inverse problem

An elementary example: Earth's gravitational field

Numerical solution of our elementary example

Numerical solution of the optimization problem

Stability, regularization and model discretization in infinite dimension

Some classical linear inverse problems for the recovery of distributed parameters

Some classical non-linear inverse problems

Permeability matching in oil and gas reservoirs

Mathematical aspects: Hadamard's questions

Computation of the gradient of the objective function


Automatic invariant detection in imperative programs


Reliability and resolution (calibration and sharpness)


Connection to a determinant or a product of eigenvalues

Using for solution to linear inverse problems


Applications for real symmetric matrices


Values for standard hardware arithmetics


Characterization by continuous functions


Generalized singular value decomposition

Second version: weighted single-matrix decomposition


Higher-order singular value decomposition


Notable experimental results proving quantum entanglement

Entanglement of elements of living systems


Condition for Declaring an Outbreak Over


Computational and theoretical relationship to other unitary transformations


Finite-rank operators on a Hilbert space


Use with other programming languages and libraries


Extensions to the Bachmann–Landau notations

History (Bachmann–Landau, Hardy, and Vinogradov notations)


Finding eigenvalues versus finding eigenvectors


Normal, Hermitian, and real-symmetric matrices


Reinforcement learning for recommender systems


Development from fundamental quantum mechanics

Development from atomic physics and relativity

Development from computer science and mathematics


Interplanetary Transport Network and fuzzy orbits


Communication-avoiding and distributed algorithms


Classification of points in the spectrum

Spectra of particular classes of operators


Relation to isolated eigenvalues of finite algebraic multiplicity


Decomposition of Abelian von Neumann algebras

Direct integrals of von Neumann algebras


Comparison of numerical-analysis software


Decomposition of spectrum (functional analysis)

Decomposition into point spectrum, continuous spectrum, and residual spectrum

Decomposition into absolutely continuous, singular continuous, and pure point

Decomposition into essential spectrum and discrete spectrum


Equivalent characterizations of normal eigenvalues

Decomposition of the spectrum of nonselfadjoint operators


L∞(π) - space of essentially bounded function


Greedy search in proximity neighborhood graphs

Nearest neighbor search in spaces with small intrinsic dimension


An example: unambiguous quantum state discrimination


Gelfand representation of a commutative Banach algebra

The spectrum of a commutative C*-algebra

Statement of the commutative Gelfand–Naimark theorem


Demographics: Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) campus

Commuting between Minneapolis and St. Paul campuses

Greek life, professional and honor societies

Graduate and Professional Student Assembly


A relationship with the spectral element method


Integrating factor for general second-order homogenous equation

Sturm–Liouville equations as self-adjoint differential operators

Application to inhomogeneous second-order boundary value problems

Application to partial differential equations

Representation of solutions and numerical calculation


The essential spectrum of self-adjoint operators

The essential spectrum of closed operators in Banach spaces


Contributions to mathematics and physics


Regional and degree-specific practices and terminologies


German and Soviet occupations (1940–1991)


Graph construction on discrete state space

Graph construction on continuous or large state space

Least-squares approximation using proto-value functions


Self-adjoint extension on a larger space

Extensions of Positive symmetric operators


Reformation allowing unordered diagonals and eigenvalues

Permutation polytope generated by a vector


Example and relation to the limiting amplitude principle


Schröder–Bernstein theorems for operator algebras


Second proof (slightly modified statement)


Reflection through a hyperplane in n dimensions


Precession, nutation and intrinsic rotation

Conversion to other orientation representations


Point reflection as a special case of uniform scaling or homothety


Uniqueness and existence theorems of Fredhom-Volterra equations

Power series solution for integral equations

Integral equations as a generalization of eigenvalue equations


Response to World War I and Italian Fascism

Classification: Reactionary or Revolutionary


The Lie algebra associated with a Lie group

Lie group versus Lie algebra isomorphisms


Elementary consequences of the group axioms

Equivalent definition with relaxed axioms

General linear group and representation theory


Results requiring AC (or weaker forms) but weaker than it

Statements consistent with the negation of AC


Computation and interpretation of homotopy groups

Of indefinite quadratic form over the reals

Principal homogeneous space: Stiefel manifold


Normal subgroups, quotient groups and homomorphisms


Chiral and achiral point groups, reflection groups


2. Axiom of regularity (also called the axiom of foundation)

3. Axiom schema of specification (or of separation, or of restricted comprehension)


Russia's Baltic governorates (1710–1917)

Resettlement of all Baltic Germans (1939–1944)

Destruction of cultural heritage in the Soviet Baltics (1945–1989)


Axis collapse and Allied victory (1944–1945)

Genocide, concentration camps, and slave labour

Advances in technology and its application


Orbital angular velocity of a point particle

Spin angular velocity of a rigid body or reference frame

Components from the basis vectors of a body-fixed frame

Calculation of angular velocity tensor of a rotating frame

Duality with respect to the velocity vector


Monte Carlo simulation versus "what if" scenarios


Continuous interpolation and non-integer generalization


Definition using category-theoretic notation

Associative algebra with commutator bracket


Transpositions, sign, and the alternating group


Structure groups and transition functions


Examples of systems that require pivoting


Example A5 as a subgroup of 3-space rotations


Published, written, or informational items


Grad, curl and div in differential geometry


Partial differential equation-based methods

Supervised image segmentation using MRF and MAP

Image segmentation using MRF and expectation–maximization

Disadvantages of MAP and EM based image segmentation

One-dimensional hierarchical signal segmentation

Segmentation of related images and videos


College of Education and Human Development

Sheila Umphrey Recreational Sports Center


As a quantization of the exterior algebra

Examples: real and complex Clifford algebras

Examples: constructing quaternions and dual quaternions


Example 1. Using the continuous uniform distribution function

Example 2. Using the continuous uniform distribution function (conditional)

Economics example for uniform distribution


Computational and theoretical relationship to other unitary transformations


Digitization versus digital preservation

Digital reformatting at the Library of Congress


Non-uniqueness of semidirect products (and further examples)


Holomorphic maps between Riemann surfaces


Stability in numerical differential equations


Overdetermined linear systems of equations

Overdetermined nonlinear systems of equations


Triple-independence but no pairwise-independence


Comparison Characteristics of Smartphone Stylus Pens


Operating system and programming environment


Saving a place for humanity at the top of the chain of being


Monthly update rollups (July 2016-January 2020)


Stock offering and split into PalmSource and PalmOne


Technological implementations (underlying technology)


International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition


Earliest devices to capture handwriting movements


Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research


International Association for Pattern Recognition


Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition


Unification of OEM and retail installation


Journalism, media, and broadcast organizations


German regulation for Urkundentinte inks (1933)

U.S. government "standard ink" formula (1935)


Mode-m Flattening / Mode-m Matrixization


Mathematical interpretation of the equation

Solving the heat equation using Fourier series

Heat conduction in non-homogeneous anisotropic media

Mean-value property for the heat equation

Schrödinger equation for a free particle


Term frequency–inverse document frequency


Ring, algebra over a field, Lie ring, and Lie algebra


Characteristic polynomial of a product of two matrices


Link to eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices

Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of Hermitian operators


Systems of first-order equations and characteristic surfaces

Data-driven solution of partial differential equations


Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices

Eigenvalues and the characteristic polynomial

Eigenspaces, geometric multiplicity, and the eigenbasis for matrices

Diagonalization and the eigendecomposition

Three-dimensional matrix example with complex eigenvalues

Matrix with repeated eigenvalues example

Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of differential operators

Associative algebras and representation theory

Eigenvalues of geometric transformations


Classification of low-dimensional unital associative algebras over the complex numbers


Part 13: Information science and technology


Division, subtraction, and exponentiation

Function composition of linear functions

Mathematical structures and commutativity

Non-commuting operators in quantum mechanics


In semisimple and reductive Lie algebras


Free constructions and forgetful functors

Universal morphisms induce hom-set adjunction

counit–unit adjunction induces hom-set adjunction

Hom-set adjunction induces all of the above


Multiplicative identity and the term "ring"

Function field of an irreducible algebraic variety


General-purpose computer algebra systems


Rationale and foundations of imperative programming

History of imperative and object-oriented languages


Mathematical reasoning and language notation


Comparison with other programming paradigms


Operating system compatibility and characteristics


FFT algorithms specialized for real or symmetric data

Bounds on complexity and operation counts


Operating system command-line interfaces

Modern usage as an operating system shell


PDP-6 and PDP-10 families (1963 and 1968)

Early 1990s faltering and attempted turnaround

32-bit MIPS and 64-bit Alpha systems (1992)

Video and Interactive Information Server


Implicit type conversions and "type punning"


Development into a computer programming language


Dynamic type checking and runtime type information

Combining static and dynamic type checking

Static and dynamic type checking in practice

Explicit or implicit declaration and inference

Compatibility: equivalence and subtyping


Rationale for use in systems programming

Some other languages are themselves written in C

Used for computationally-intensive libraries


Microsoft TechNet and AIS Software categories


Composition, inheritance, and delegation


Stanford Department of Electrical Engineering


Comparison of applicative order and normal order evaluation


Middle East, North Africa, Muslim Iberia

Magic square of order 2 cannot be constructed

Transformations that preserve the magic property

A method for constructing a magic square of order 3

A method for constructing a magic square of odd order

A method of constructing a magic square of doubly even order

Narayana-De la Hire's method for even orders

For squares of order m × n where m, n > 2

Medjig-method for squares of even order 2n, where n > 2

Solving partially completed magic squares

Multiplicative magic squares of complex numbers

Additive-multiplicative magic and semimagic squares


Relationship to the Dirac delta distribution


Lambda calculus and programming languages


Three-dimensional graphical user interface


JobTracker and TaskTracker: the MapReduce engine

Difference between Hadoop 1 and Hadoop 2 (YARN)

Difference between Hadoop 2 and Hadoop 3


ActiveX in non-Internet Explorer applications


Bytecode interpreter and just-in-time compiler


Syntactical correctness and error-handling


Traditional operating system license (1982 to 2004)

Post-Sun closed source (March 2010 to present)


Windows 3.1 for Central and Eastern Europe


System failure and editing outage, October to December 2006


Early academic public-domain software ecosystem

Free and open-source software as successor

Passing of software into the public domain

Examples of modern PD software (post 1988)


High performance computing, big data and the shift to analytics


1998–today: Commercially supported product


Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit

Background references: C++ patterns and generics


Command language, graphical user interface and delivery


Timeline of specific language comparisons


Excel 2019, Excel 2021, Office 365 and subsequent (v16.0)


1980s: consolidation, modules, performance


Prevalence of English-based programming languages


Primary constructor vs. secondary constructors


Classes, subclasses and virtual procedures


Interpretation as two-stage least squares

Interpretation under treatment effect heterogeneity

Statistical inference and hypothesis testing


Numerical methods for linear least squares

Inverting the matrix of the normal equations


Borland, Inprise, CodeGear, and Embarcadero years


Gamma, exponential, and related distributions


Concurrency and distribution orientation


Generational list of programming languages


General definition in the context of error analysis


Complementary cumulative distribution function (tail distribution)

Inverse distribution function (quantile function)

Definition for more than two random variables


Differences between linear and nonlinear least squares


Mozilla layoffs and Rust Foundation (2020–present)


Independent and identically distributed (iid)


Configurable choice of scripting language

Interoperability among scripting languages

Shell scripting on other operating systems


Least-squares estimation and related techniques

Maximum-likelihood estimation and related techniques


Languages with optional manual memory management

Languages with deterministic memory management

Languages with automatic reference counting (ARC)


Operating system, files, and multitasking

Compilation state and interpretation state

Mixing states of compiling and interpreting


Other uses of the word "error" in statistics


Non-statistical articles related to regression

Basic statistical ideas related to regression

Linear regression based on least squares


Overdetermined linear systems of equations

Overdetermined nonlinear systems of equations


Comparison with the classic Visual Basic

Cross-platform and open-source development


Relationship to piecewise/composite Bézier

Computer-aided design and computer graphics


Isolation from the computer science community


Simple linear regression without the intercept term (single regressor)


Thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and mathematical physics


Probability of a Laplace being greater than another

Relation to the exponential distribution


Informal derivation of the Cramér–Rao bound


Single Standard Addition Used in Polarography

Successive Addition of Standards in Constant Sample and Total Volume


Calculation of the Jacobian by numerical approximation

Parameter errors, confidence limits, residuals etc.


Concentrations and dissociation constants of weak acids

Potentiometric monitoring of other species


Solving overdetermined systems of equations


Differences between Bouguer and Beer in application areas

Absorptivity, Cross Sections and Units of Coefficients


Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America


Unknown constant in additive white Gaussian noise


Absolutely continuous univariate distributions

Link between discrete and continuous distributions

Densities associated with multiple variables

Function of random variables and change of variables in the probability density function

Products and quotients of independent random variables

Example: Quotient of two standard normals


Matrix form and calculation of estimates


Comparison of different classes of expressions

Dealing with non-closed-form expressions

Transformation into closed-form expressions

Mathematical modelling and computer simulation


Matrix expression for the OLS residual sum of squares

Relation with Pearson's product-moment correlation


Algebraic fitting of functions to data points

Fitting lines and polynomial functions to data points

Geometric fitting of plane curves to data points


European observations (17th–19th centuries)


Independent and identically distributed (iid)


1802 to 1902 – First Century of Business

1913 to 1919 – Investments into General Motors

2000 to 2015 – Further growth, sales, and spinoff of Chemours

2015 to present – Reorganization and time as DowDuPont


Other uses of the word "error" in statistics


Portuguese exploration after Prince Henry

Spanish exploration: Columbus's landfall in the Americas

Balboa's expedition to the Pacific Ocean

Northern European involvement (1595–17th century)

Russian exploration of Siberia (1581–1660)


Conservative vector fields and the gradient theorem


Type A and Type B evaluation of uncertainty

Models with any number of output quantities


VC dimension of a finite projective plane


Rules for calculus of finite difference operators


Comparison between position-keeping options

International Maritime Organization class requirements

Dynamic positioning alarm and runout response for bell divers

International Marine Contractors Association

Marine Technology Society Dynamic Positioning Committee


Prior probability in statistical mechanics

Priori probability and distribution functions


Difference from the peripheral nervous system


General application to elastic materials

Relaxed force constants (generalized compliance constants)

Linear elasticity theory for continuous media

Matrix representation (stiffness tensor)


List of Maclaurin series of some common functions

Second-order Taylor series in several variables


Finite-dimensional complex normed spaces

Maximum norm (special case of: infinity norm, uniform norm, or supremum norm)

Classification of seminorms: absolutely convex absorbing sets


Reporting bias and social desirability bias


Information Theory Based Feature Selection Mechanisms

Minimum-redundancy-maximum-relevance (mRMR) feature selection

Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion Lasso based feature selection

Application of feature selection metaheuristics

Feature selection embedded in learning algorithms


Coinductively defined data and corecursion

Recursive data structures (structural recursion)


A matrix representation formula for a nonzero projection operator

Finding projection with an inner product


Nonparametric bootstrap hypothesis testing


Second-order efficiency after correction for bias

Application of maximum-likelihood estimation in Bayes decision theory

Relation to minimizing Kullback–Leibler divergence and cross entropy

Discrete distribution, finite parameter space

Discrete distribution, continuous parameter space

Continuous distribution, continuous parameter space


The p-norm in infinite dimensions and ℓp spaces


Constructing loss and objective functions


Program to solve arbitrary no. of equations using Matlab


Regularizers for semi-supervised learning

Other uses of regularization in statistics and machine learning


Confidence procedure for uniform location


Limitations of negative and positive feedback


Variance of the weighted sum (pwr-estimator for totals)

Variance of the weighted mean (π-estimator for ratio-mean)

Correcting for over- or under-dispersion


Feedback with setpoint (reference) input


Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)

Thermodynamic degrees of freedom for gases

Counting the minimum number of co-ordinates to specify a position

Quadratic and independent degree of freedom


Example producing correct results in case of high conflict

Example producing counter-intuitive results in case of high conflict

Example producing counter-intuitive results in case of low conflict

Dempster–Shafer as a generalisation of Bayesian theory


Cartographic generalization of geo-spatial data


Partitions of Poland and Polish uprisings


Discrete-time predict and update equations

Non-additive noise formulation and equations


Mathematical description of the problem and solution


Relation to the necessary truths and contingent truths


Communication channels with direct or transferable authentication

The FLP impossibility result for asynchronous deterministic consensus

Permissioned versus permissionless consensus

Solvability results for some agreement problems


National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC)


Implementing a digital phase-locked loop in software


Science Power Modules 1 and 2 (Repurposed Components)


Online collaborative sensor data management platforms

Sensor data calibration and fault tolerance


Early active and passive satellite experiments

International commercial satellite projects

Frequency allocation for satellite systems


Relationships with other service branches


Origin and spacecraft feasibility studies

Apollo 11 broadcast data restoration project


Estimation of the noise covariances Qk and Rk

Deriving the posteriori estimate covariance matrix

Simplification of the posteriori error covariance formula

Relationship to recursive Bayesian estimation

Variants for the recovery of sparse signals


Regulatory spectrum issues concerning GPS receivers


Quantities that are dependent on velocity


Conversion to a second order linear equation


Chain rule for discrete random variables


Algorithm 1: Shorter span, more parallel

Concrete implementations of prefix sum algorithms

Large message sizes: pipelined binary tree


Drives by machines and detailed topologies


Complementary cumulative distribution function (tail distribution)

Two normally distributed random variables need not be jointly bivariate normal

Classification into multivariate normal classes


Discretization of linear state space models


Consistency between real and complex definitions

Uniqueness up to unitary transformations

Extension for non-Hermitian square matrices


Monte Carlo simulation versus "what if" scenarios


Brownian motion as the integral of Gaussian processes

Bayesian neural networks as Gaussian processes


Correspondence to other mathematical frameworks

Using pedigree to calculate probabilities

Genetic testing done in parallel with other risk factor identification


Hemispherical resonator gyros (wine glass or mushroom gyros)

TIMU (Timing & Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors


Theoretical Models of Particle Detectors


Pure discriminative model vs. conditional model

Typical discriminative modelling approaches

Advantages and disadvantages in application


Deriving the Solution of Linear Time-Invariant Differential Equations

Discrete-time systems from continuous-time systems


Definition for weakly stationary process


Stationary distribution relation to eigenvectors and simplices

Time-homogeneous Markov chain with a finite state space

Convergence speed to the stationary distribution


GPU accelerated video decoding and encoding

Video decoding processes that can be accelerated

Stream processing and general purpose GPUs (GPGPU)


Point of view: dynamic and static linking violate GPL

Point of view: static linking violates GPL but unclear as of dynamic linking

Communicating and bundling with non-GPL programs


Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces


A particle interpretation of the filtering equation

Genealogical trees and Unbiasedness properties

Genealogical tree based particle smoothing

Unbiased particle estimates of likelihood functions


Example 2: polar-Cartesian transformation

Example 3: spherical-Cartesian transformation


Predictor–corrector methods for solving ODEs

Example: Euler method with the trapezoidal rule


Design of digital controller in s-domain

Design of digital controller in z-domain


Use in probability and mathematical finance

General case: local Lipschitz condition and maximal solutions


Lattice recursive least squares filter (LRLS)

Normalized lattice recursive least squares filter (NLRLS)


Proof of separation principle for deterministic LTI systems


Relation to symmetry-preserving observers


Filtering problem (stochastic processes)


Details of the data assimilation process

Data assimilation as statistical estimation


Open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control

Analysis techniques - frequency domain and time domain

Deterministic and stochastic systems control


Implementation for a large number of data points


Reachability: Attaining sliding manifold in finite time


Move to Homewood and early 20th century history


Classification of adaptive control techniques


Publication of "Paper Mill" generated papers


International Space Station (1993–present)

Commercial Resupply Services (2008–present)

Commercial LEO Development (2021–present)

Earth Sciences Program missions (1965–present)

NASA X-57 Maxwell aircraft (2016–present)

Next Generation Air Transportation System (2007–present)

Nuclear in-space power and propulsion (ongoing)

Human Spaceflight Research (2005–present)

Near Earth object detection (1998–present)

Study of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (2022–present)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)


Computation of the Laplace transform of a function's derivative

Evaluating integrals over the positive real axis

s-domain equivalent circuits and impedances

Spatial (not time) structure from astronomical spectrum


Systematic reduction to sources and sinks

Putting the equations in "standard form"

Signal-flow graphs for analysis and design

Signal-flow graphs for dynamic systems analysis

Electrical circuit containing a two-port network

Mechatronics :  Position servo with multi-loop feedback

Terminology and classification of signal-flow graphs

Examples of nonlinear signal-flow graph models

Applications of SFG techniques in various fields of science


Numerical precision and equipment backlash


Analysis and control of nonlinear systems

Nonlinear feedback analysis – The Lur'e problem

Theoretical results in nonlinear control


First experimental satellites: GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B

Full Operational Capability (FOC) satellites


Relationship to Fourier series and Fourier transform

Linear constant-coefficient difference equation


Feedback with setpoint (reference) input


Communication infrastructure and methods


Prejudice, social institutions and poverty


Lyapunov function for general dynamical systems


The application-centric era of the 1990s


Development of modern process control operations


Switched observers: Sliding mode observer


Linear time-invariant distributed-parameter systems

Example: a partial differential equation

Transfer function for the partial differential equation example

Transfer function for the delay differential equation example

Duality between controllability and observability


Reflexes and other stimulus-response circuits


Example: Growth and decline of companies


Principles and differences from other theories

The methodology of modeling, and PCT as model

Distinctions from engineering control theory

Reorganization in evolution, development, and learning

Psychotherapy: the method of levels (MOL)


Regulatory spectrum issues concerning GPS receivers


QZSS timekeeping and remote synchronization


System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring


Southern Positioning Augmentation Network


Organizations dedicated to interoperability


Organisation for European Economic Co-operation

Countries whose accession talks were terminated

Countries whose membership is under negotiation


EAN format used in barcodes, and upgrading


Comparison to network address translators


Comparison with other identifier schemes


Aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS)


Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System


European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service


United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System


List of university departments and institutions


Publications Office of the European Union


Indian regional navigation satellite system (NAVIC)


Joint precision approach and landing system


Digital Object Identifier (EIDR Aspects)


Character string-oriented languages and utilities


Italic or cursive characters in Cyrillic


Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol


Policy Service (permanence, naming, etc.)


Version 2 (date-time and MAC address, DCE security version)


International Securities Identification Number


Code assignment, maintenance and look-up


International Organization for Standardization

International standards and other publications


Impacts of Digital Identity in a Social and Governmental Aspect


Additional differences between moving and copying


Semantic as a function of syntactic interoperability

Knowledge representation requirements and languages

Semantic Interoperability for Internet of Things


National Information Standards Organization


Publication Type: Clinical queries/systematic reviews


Deterioration of the online public sphere


RFC1087 – Ethics and the Internet and a rise to modernity

RFC 2850 - Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

RFC 2026 - The Internet Standards Process

RFC 8980 - Workshop on Design Expectations vs. Deployment Reality in Protocol Development


EAN format used in barcodes, and upgrading


Twelve-character SWIFTNet FIN address based on BIC


Corporation for National Research Initiatives


Infringement, misappropriation, and enforcement

Objections to overly broad intellectual property laws

Objections to the expansion in nature and scope of intellectual property laws


Representativeness in proprietary databases


Information contained in LEI reference data (Level 1 and Level 2 data)


Organisations involved in the management


Other ISO standards related to technical drawing


Current and historical parts of the standard


Digital camera ISO speed and exposure index

The ISO (International Organization of Standards) 12232:2019 standard


International Standard Musical Work Code


International Standard Audiovisual Number


Annex A: Names and symbols of the chemical elements

Annex B: Symbols for chemical elements and nucleides


International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations


Participating libraries and organizations


Registration of graphical and control code sets


History and relationship to other ISO 639 standards


Character set for JIS X 9008 (JIS C 6257)


ALGOL 60 Reserved words and restricted identifiers


Reserved and user-assigned code elements


ISO 2281 water-resistant watches standard


ISO 764 magnetic-resistant watches standard


Pre-loaded cassettes and Kodak Retina cameras


Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes – Coarse thread and fine pitch thread

Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values – Coarse thread

Part 5: Set screws and similar threaded fasteners not under tensile stresses

Part 6: Nuts with specified proof load values – Fine pitch thread

Part 7: Torsional test and minimum torques for bolts and screws with nominal diameters 1 mm to 10 mm


ID-000 size card as part of ID-1 size card


ADR 79/01 & 79/02 (Australian OBD standard)

PC-based scan tools and analysis platforms

Driver's supplementary vehicle instrumentation

SAE standards documents on HD (Heavy Duty) OBD


Background: romanization of Chinese before 1949

Indication of tone change in pinyin spelling

Words, capitalization, initialisms and punctuation


X currencies (funds, precious metals, supranationals, other)

Currencies without ISO 4217 currency codes

Unofficial codes for minor units of currency


CSI (Control Sequence Introducer) sequences

SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) parameters

OSC (Operating System Command) sequences


Other ISO standard related to technical drawing


Representation at the human interface (Annex D)