umarzein/databricks-dolly-15k-en huggingface dataset:
Question: What is data warehousing?
Context: In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence.[1] DWs are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources. They store current and historical data in one single place[2] that are used for creating analytical reports for workers throughout the enterprise.[3] This is beneficial for companies as it enables them to interrogate and draw insights from their data and make decisions.[4]

The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from the operational systems (such as marketing or sales). The data may pass through an operational data store and may require data cleansing[2] for additional operations to ensure data quality before it is used in the DW for reporting.

Extract, transform, load (ETL) and extract, load, transform (ELT) are the two main approaches used to build a data warehouse system.
Answer: A centralized repository of data from multiple source systems organized in subject areas typically in 3NF or dimensional data modeling techniques.
Question: Given this paragraph about the Southwestern United States, name the largest cities in that area
Context: The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States. Its exact boundaries are not officially defined, but attempts to do so generally include Arizona and New Mexico as the core of the region. Adjacent portions of California, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah are also sometimes included. Oklahoma and Texas may also be included, particularly the trans-pecos "horn" portion of the state(i.e. the far western extension of the state of the state south of the New Mexico border, but west and north of the Pecos and Rio Gande Rivers). The largest cities by metropolitan area are Phoenix, Las Vegas, El Paso, Albuquerque, and Tucson.[2] Before 1848, in the historical region of Santa Fe de Nuevo México as well as parts of Alta California and Coahuila y Tejas, settlement was almost non-existent outside of Nuevo México's Pueblos and Spanish or Mexican municipalities. Much of the area had been a part of New Spain and Mexico until the United States acquired the area through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the smaller Gadsden Purchase in 1854.
Answer: The largest cities in the Southwestern United States are Phoenix, Las Vegas, El Paso, Albuquerque, and Tucson.
Question: Given this paragraph about the first tour de france, who won the first race
Context: The first Tour de France was staged in 1903. The plan was a five-stage race from 31 May to 5 July, starting in Paris and stopping in Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, and Nantes before returning to Paris. Toulouse was added later to break the long haul across southern France from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Stages would go through the night and finish next afternoon, with rest days before riders set off again. But this proved too daunting and the costs too great for most[24] and only 15 competitors had entered. Desgrange had never been wholly convinced and he came close to dropping the idea.[25] Instead, he cut the length to 19 days, changed the dates to 1 to 19 July, and offered a daily allowance to those who averaged at least 20 kilometres per hour (12 mph) on all the stages,[26] equivalent to what a rider would have expected to earn each day had he worked in a factory.[27] He also cut the entry fee from 20 to 10 francs and set the first prize at 12,000 francs and the prize for each day's winner at 3,000 francs. The winner would thereby win six times what most workers earned in a year.[27] That attracted between 60 and 80 entrants – the higher number may have included serious inquiries and some who dropped out – among them not just professionals but amateurs, some unemployed, and some simply adventurous.[17]

Desgrange seems not to have forgotten the Dreyfus Affair that launched his race and raised the passions of his backers. He announced his new race on 1 July 1903 by citing the writer Émile Zola, whose open letter J'Accuse…! led to Dreyfus's acquittal, establishing the florid style he used henceforth.[28][29][30]

The first Tour de France started almost outside the Café Reveil-Matin at the junction of the Melun and Corbeil roads in the village of Montgeron. It was waved away by the starter, Georges Abran, at 3:16 p.m. on 1 July 1903. L'Auto hadn't featured the race on its front page that morning.[n 3][31][32]

Among the competitors were the eventual winner, Maurice Garin, his well-built rival Hippolyte Aucouturier, the German favourite Josef Fischer, and a collection of adventurers, including one competing as "Samson".[n 4]

Many riders dropped out of the race after completing the initial stages, as the physical effort the tour required was just too much. Only a mere 24 entrants remained at the end of the fourth stage.[33] The race finished on the edge of Paris at Ville d'Avray, outside the Restaurant du Père Auto, before a ceremonial ride into Paris and several laps of the Parc des Princes. Garin dominated the race, winning the first and last two stages, at 25.68 kilometres per hour (15.96 mph). The last rider, Millocheau, finished 64h 47m 22s behind him.

L'Auto's mission was accomplished, as circulation of the publication doubled throughout the race, making the race something much larger than Desgrange had ever hoped for.
Answer: The first race in 1903 was won by Maurice Garin, over his rival Hippolyte Aucouturier
Question: How did the Getty Museum in Los Angeles respond to the global pandemic?
Context: Many museums turned to their existing social media presences to engage their audience online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and Instagram accounts such as the Dutch Tussen Kunst & Quarantaine (“between art and quarantine”) and Covid Classics, the Getty sponsored the Getty Museum Challenge, inviting people to use everyday objects to recreate works of art and share their creations on social media, prompting thousands of submissions.[21][22] The museum was among those singled out for particular praise by industry analysts for their successful social media content strategy during the shutdown, both for the challenge[23][24] and for incorporating its works into the popular video game Animal Crossing.[25]
Answer: Like other art institutions, the Getty Museum leveraged its social media presence in a creative way to keep engagement levels high during the pandemic. The Getty invited people to reimagine classic works of art using every day objects, the results of which were posted on social media for others' enjoyment and commentary.  Thousands of people were inspired to post submissions, and industry analysts praised the museum for this successful social media strategy.
Question: From the passage identify the spin-off games release in the universe of Clash of Clans. Display the results in a comma separated format.
Context: Clash of Clans is a 2012 free-to-play mobile strategy video game developed and published by Finnish game developer Supercell. The game was released for iOS platforms on August 2, 2012, and on Google Play for Android on October 7, 2013.

The game is set in a fantasy-themed[3] persistent world[4] where the player is a chief of a village. Clash of Clans tasks players to build their own village using the resources gained from attacking other player's villages with troops; earning rewards, buying them with medals or by producing them at their own village. The main resources are gold, elixir and dark elixir. Players can conjoin to create clans, groups of up to fifty people, who can then participate in Clan Wars together, donate and receive troops, and chat with each other. The minimum number of players of a Clan War is thirty. [5]

Clash of Clans was released to generally positive reviews from critics.

Four spin-off games in the same universe of Clash of Clans were developed by Supercell. The first, Clash Royale, was released in 2016.[6] The other three, Clash Quest, Clash Mini, and Clash Heroes, were announced in April 2021.[7][8] Clash Quest development was discontinued on 17 August 2022.[9
Answer: Clash Royale, Clash Quest, Clash Mini, Clash Heroes
Question: Summarize the effectiveness of anaerobic and aerobic exercises on muscle hypertropy.
Context: The best approach to specifically achieve muscle growth remains controversial (as opposed to focusing on gaining strength, power, or endurance); it was generally considered that consistent anaerobic strength training will produce hypertrophy over the long term, in addition to its effects on muscular strength and endurance. Muscular hypertrophy can be increased through strength training and other short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises. Lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercise generally does not result in very effective tissue hypertrophy; instead, endurance athletes enhance storage of fats and carbohydrates within the muscles,[4] as well as neovascularization.
Answer: Short-duration, high-intensity anaerobic exercises are more effective for increasing muscular tissue hypertrophy compared to lower-intensity, longer-duration aerobic exercises.
Question: What are the statistics about San Francisco International Airport?
Context: San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is an international airport in an unincorporated area of San Mateo County, 13 miles (21 km) south of Downtown San Francisco.[4] It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Oceania.

SFO is the largest airport in the San Francisco Bay Area and the second-busiest in California, after Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). In 2017, it was the seventh-busiest airport in the United States and the 24th-busiest in the world by passenger count.[5] It is the fifth-largest hub for United Airlines, which operates out of Terminal 3 and the International Terminal. SFO functions as United's primary transpacific gateway. Additionally, SFO is a major maintenance hub for United Airlines and houses the SFO Museum that was created in 1980, the first museum in an international airport. It also serves as a hub for Alaska Airlines, which operates in Terminal 2.

The airport is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco and lies in a ZIP code assigned to San Francisco. However, it is located outside of San Francisco in unincorporated San Mateo County. Between 1999 and 2004, the San Francisco Airport Commission operated city-owned SFO Enterprises, Inc., to oversee its business purchases and operations of ventures.
Answer: It is an international airport 13 miles south of San Francisco. It is the largest airport in San Francisco Bay Area and second largest in the state of California. It is a 7th business airport in United States and 24th in the world by passenger count. It is one of the largest hub for United Airlines. it houses the SFO Museum which was created in 1980. It is owned and operated by the city and county of San Francisco
Question: Based on this passage, how many siblings did Hearst have?
Context: Hearst was born near present-day Sullivan, Missouri, to William G. Hearst and Elizabeth Collins, who were of Scots-Irish ancestry.[2] Hearst, one of three children — two boys and a girl – was raised in a log cabin on his family's farm in rural Franklin County. His father operated three small farms, all of which were mortgaged. William Hearst sold his products in his own local general store. George Hearst grew up before public education was widely available in Missouri, meaning his elementary education was inconsistent and fragmented. Becoming interested in mining, Hearst supplemented the gaps in his formal education by observing the local mines, reading information about minerals from books owned by his family doctor, Silas Reed, and mining in his free time.[3][4]
Answer: Hearst had one brother and one sister.
Question: Who is the best surfer in the world
Context: Robert Kelly Slater (born February 11, 1972) is an American professional surfer, best known for being crowned World Surf League champion a record 11 times.[2][3] Slater is widely regarded as the greatest professional surfer of all time, and holds 56 Championship Tour victories.[4][5] Slater is also the oldest surfer still active on the World Surf League, winning his 8th Billabong Pipeline Masters title at age 49.
Answer: Kelly Slater
Question: Summarize disruptive innovation in two paragraphs
Context: disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. 

Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations
Answer: In business theory, disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.[2] The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators beginning in 1995,[3][full citation needed] and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century.[4] Lingfei Wu, Dashun Wang, and James A. Evans generalized this term to identify disruptive science and technological advances from more than 65 million papers, patents and software products that span the period 1954–2014. Their work was featured as the cover of the February 2019 issue of Nature [5] and was included among the Altmetric 100 most-discussed work in 2019.[6]

Not all innovations are disruptive, even if they are revolutionary. For example, the first automobiles in the late 19th century were not a disruptive innovation, because early automobiles were expensive luxury items that did not disrupt the market for horse-drawn vehicles. The market for transportation essentially remained intact until the debut of the lower-priced Ford Model T in 1908.[7] The mass-produced automobile was a disruptive innovation, because it changed the transportation market, whereas the first thirty years of automobiles did not.

Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations (which are needed to compete against current competition).[8] Small teams are more likely to create disruptive innovations than large teams.[5] A disruptive process can take longer to develop than by the conventional approach and the risk associated to it is higher than the other more incremental, architectural or evolutionary forms of innovations, but once it is deployed in the market, it achieves a much faster penetration and higher degree of impact on the established markets.[9]
Question: Who is Marika Labancz
Context: Marika Labancz (born 23 July 1978) is a Hungarian alpine skier. She competed in the women's slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics.[1]
Answer: Marika Labancz (born 23 July 1978) is a Hungarian alpine skier. She competed in the women's slalom at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
Question: What is the height of the Domtoren in Utrecht.
Context: The Dom Tower (Cathedral Tower, Dutch: Domtoren) of Utrecht is the tallest church tower in the Netherlands,[1] at 112.5 metres (368 feet) in height.[2] It is considered the symbol of Utrecht.[1] The tower was part of St. Martin's Cathedral, also known as the Dom Church, and was built between 1321 and 1382,[1] to a design by John of Hainaut.[3] The cathedral was never fully completed due to lack of money. Since the unfinished nave collapsed in 1674, the Dom tower has been a freestanding tower. The tower stands at the spot where the city of Utrecht originated almost 2,000 years ago.[1]

Design and construction
The Dom Tower was one of the largest towers constructed in Europe during the fourteenth century, and it was planned to show the power of the church in Utrecht.[citation needed] Its construction led preacher Geert Groote to protest against the vanity of such an immense project, suggesting it was too tall, too expensive and all but aesthetic.[4]

The tower consists of two square blocks, topped by a much lighter lantern. One of the most striking features is the absence of visible buttresses. Its particular shape and original architecture had a large influence on many other towers in the Netherlands, including the Martinitoren in Groningen.[citation needed] Upon completion in 1382 the tower stood 109 metres tall.[5] However the height was increased during the restorations in 1910, to its present height of 112.5 metres.[6]

The Dom tower was a multifunctional building. In addition to being a belfry, it contained a private chapel of the Bishop of Utrecht on the first floor. It also served as a watchtower; the tower guard was housed on the second floor of the lower square block.[7]
Answer: The Dom Tower (Cathedral Tower, Dutch: Domtoren) of Utrecht is the tallest church tower in the Netherlands,[1] at 112.5 metres (368 feet) in height.The Dom Tower was one of the largest towers constructed in Europe during the fourteenth century, and it was planned to show the power of the church in Utrecht.
Question: What position did Manis Lamond play?
Context: Manis Lamond (born 14 September 1966) is a retired soccer player from Papua New Guinea. An international who played as a striker,[1] Lamond played professionally in Australia for Canberra City, Sydney United, A.P.I.A. Leichhardt Tigers, Wollongong City, Marconi Stallions and Newcastle United and in Singapore for Sembawang Rangers.[2][3]
Answer: Manis Lamond was a striker
Question: What principles does conversion rate optimization share with direct response marketing?
Context: Online conversion rate optimization (or website optimization) was born out of the need of e-commerce marketers to improve their website's performance in the aftermath of the dot-com bubble, when technology companies started to be more aware about their spending, investing more in website analytics. After the burst, with website creation being more accessible, tons of pages with bad user experience were created. As competition grew on the web during the early 2000s, website analysis tools became available, and awareness of website usability grew, internet marketers were prompted to produce measurables for their tactics and improve their website's user experience.

In 2004, new tools enabled internet marketers to experiment with website design and content variations to determine which layouts, copy text, offers, and images perform best. Testing started to be more accessible and known. This form of optimization accelerated in 2007 with the introduction of the free tool Google Website Optimizer.[3] Today, optimization and conversion are key aspects of many digital marketing campaigns. A research study conducted among internet marketers in 2017, for example, showed that 50% of respondents thought that CRO was "crucial to their overall digital marketing strategy".[4]

Conversion rate optimization shares many principles with direct response marketing – a marketing approach that emphasizes tracking, testing, and on-going improvement. Direct marketing was popularized in the early twentieth century and supported by the formation of industry groups such as the Direct Marketing Association, which was formed in 1917 and later named Data & Marketing Association and acquired by the Association of National Advertisers following the announcement on May 31, 2018.[5]

Like modern day conversion rate optimization, direct response marketers also practice A/B split-testing,[6] response tracking, and audience testing to optimize mail, radio, and print campaigns.[7]
Answer: They are both marketing approaches that emphasize tracking, testing, and on-going improvement. Direct response marketers also practice A/B split-testing, response tracking, and audience testing to optimize mail, radio, and print campaigns.
Question: Given a reference text about Patrick James Mara, tell me what he was known for.
Context: Patrick James Mara (1 February 1942 – 15 January 2016) was an Irish public affairs consultant and politician who served as Senator from July 1981 to October 1981 and May 1982 to December 1982. He was most renowned for being the political adviser to former Taoiseach Charles Haughey. He also served as Press Secretary to Fianna Fáil from 1983 to 1987 and Government Press Secretary from 1987 to 1992.[1]

He was appointed the Fianna Fáil Director of Elections for the 1997, 2002, and 2007 general elections.[2] He was a member of the board of Digicel, the company founded by Denis O'Brien to build mobile networks in the Caribbean.

He was regularly lampooned on the satirical Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) radio sketch show Scrap Saturday, which ran from 1989 to 1991.
Answer: Patrick James Mara was most known for being a political adviser to Taoiseach Charles Haughey and serving as Press Secretary and Government Press Secretary.
Question: Given this paragraph, which highs school did Drake Maye attend?
Context: Drake Maye was born on August 30, 2002, in Charlotte, North Carolina. He attended and played high school football for Myers Park High School in Charlotte, where he was named MaxPreps North Carolina player of the year. He was a four-star prospect and originally committed to Alabama before flipping to North Carolina.[1]
Answer: Based on this text, Drake Maye attended Myers Park High School in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Question: How old was Pukeiti when he died?
Context: Pukeiti Pukeiti (c. 1948 - 18 October 2012)[1] was a Cook Islands politician and Member of the Cook Islands Parliament. He was a member of the Cook Islands Party. He represented the electorate of Tamarua.

Pukeiti was elected to Parliament in the 2009 Tamarua by-election following the death of MP Mii Parima.[2] He was re-elected at the 2010 election.
Answer: 64 years old. He was born in 1948 and died in 2012, so 2012 - 1948 = 64.
Question: Based on this passage, give a bulleted overview of the components of the lean startup methodology.
Context: Lean startup is a methodology for developing businesses and products that aims to shorten product development cycles and rapidly discover if a proposed business model is viable; this is achieved by adopting a combination of business-hypothesis-driven experimentation, iterative product releases, and validated learning. Lean startup emphasizes customer feedback over intuition and flexibility over planning. This methodology enables recovery from failures more often than traditional ways of product development. [1]
Answer: Lean startup is a business and product development methodology
The aim is to shorten product development cycles
The approach is to test business hypotheses
The experiments involve iterative product releases and learning from customer feedback