umarzein/databricks-dolly-15k-en huggingface dataset:
Question: Summarize the three laws of thermodynamics in one or two sentences each. They should be understandable by a layman.
Context: The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws also use various parameters for thermodynamic processes, such as thermodynamic work and heat, and establish relationships between them. They state empirical facts that form a basis of precluding the possibility of certain phenomena, such as perpetual motion. In addition to their use in thermodynamics, they are important fundamental laws of physics in general, and are applicable in other natural sciences.

Traditionally, thermodynamics has recognized three fundamental laws, simply named by an ordinal identification, the first law, the second law, and the third law.[1][2][3] A more fundamental statement was later labelled as the zeroth law, after the first three laws had been established.

The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and forms a basis for the definition of temperature: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

The first law of thermodynamics states that, when energy passes into or out of a system (as work, heat, or matter), the system's internal energy changes in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.

The second law of thermodynamics states that in a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems never decreases. A common corollary of the statement is that heat does not spontaneously pass from a colder body to a warmer body.

The third law of thermodynamics states that a system's entropy approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero. With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses), the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero.[2]

The first and second laws prohibit two kinds of perpetual motion machines, respectively: the perpetual motion machine of the first kind which produces work with no energy input, and the perpetual motion machine of the second kind which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work.
Answer: The first law states that energy in a closed system is conserved. More energy than that which was present cannot be created, nor can some energy be destroyed.

The second law says heat moves from a warm to a cold body. 

The third law says the entropy of a system is related to it's temperature, and decreases as temperature decreases.
Question: What team did Bobby Orr play for in his 5th season?
Context: Robert Gordon Orr OC (born March 20, 1948) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest of all time.[1] Orr used his ice skating speed, scoring, and play-making abilities to revolutionize the position of defenceman.[2] He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks. Orr remains the only defenceman to have won the league scoring title with two Art Ross Trophies. He holds the record for most points and assists in a single season by a defenceman. Orr won a record eight consecutive Norris Trophies as the NHL's best defenceman and three consecutive Hart Trophies as the league's most valuable player (MVP). Orr was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1979 at age 31, the youngest to be inducted at that time. In 2017, Orr was named by the National Hockey League as one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history.[3]
Answer: Bobby Orr played for the Boston Bruins in his 5th season in the National Hockey League (NHL).

He played in the NHL for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks.
Question: Who built the Eiffel Tower
Context: The Eiffel Tower (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; French: tour Eiffel [tuʁ ɛfɛl] (listen)) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.

Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world.[3] The tower received 5,889,000 visitors in 2022, up by 197 percent from 2021, when numbers dropped due to the COVID virus.[4] The Eiffel Tower is the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world:[citation needed] 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. It was designated a monument historique in 1964, and was named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site ("Paris, Banks of the Seine") in 1991.[5]
Answer: The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. An important designer was the Swiss Maurice Koechlin.

Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world.
Question: What is Color of the world
Context: "Colour the World" is a song by German production group Sash! featuring Nigerian-Swedish recording artist and producer Dr. Alban. It was released in 1999 via Mighty, Club Tools, and Multiply Records as the fourth and final single from the group's second studio album, Life Goes On (1998). It was successful in a number of European countries and reached number 15 on the UK Singles Chart.[1]
Answer: Track listing
All lyrics are written by Dr. Alban, Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen, Thomas Alisson; all music is composed by Ralph Kappmaier, Thomas Allison, Sascha Lappessen.

No.	Title	Length
1.	"Colour the World" (Single)	3:35
2.	"Colour the World" (Extended Mix)	6:00
3.	"Colour the World" (Dario G. Remix)	4:02
4.	"Colour the World" (ATB Remix)	5:51
5.	"Colour the World" (DJ Delicious Remix)	6:52
6.	"Colour the World" (Dale Cooper & Vincent Price Remix)	6:19
Total length:	32:39
Credits
Design – Michael Kowalkowski[3]
Lyrics – Dr. Alban, Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen, Thomas Alisson
Mastering – J. Quincy Kramer
Music – Ralf Kappmeier, Sascha Lappessen, Thomas Alisson
Producer – Sash!, Tokapi
Vocals – Dr. Alban
Question: How many seasons of Survivor has there been?
Context: The United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst, who also serves as an executive producer. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, and lasts from 13 to 16 episodes. The first season, Survivor: Borneo, was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with the third season, Survivor: Africa, there have been two seasons aired during each U.S. television season.[b] Starting with the forty-first season, no subtitle has been used in promotion of the season. Instead, the show began following a number format similar to Big Brother and The Amazing Race.

In the first season, there was a 75-person crew. By season 22, the crew had grown to 325 people.[11]

A total of 662 contestants have competed on Survivor's 44 seasons.
Answer: There have been 44 seasons of Survivor.
Question: What is deep learning?
Context: Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with representation learning. Learning can be supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised.[2]

Deep-learning architectures such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks, deep reinforcement learning, recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks and transformers have been applied to fields including computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, machine translation, bioinformatics, drug design, medical image analysis, climate science, material inspection and board game programs, where they have produced results comparable to and in some cases surpassing human expert performance.[3][4][5]

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were inspired by information processing and distributed communication nodes in biological systems. ANNs have various differences from biological brains. Specifically, artificial neural networks tend to be static and symbolic, while the biological brain of most living organisms is dynamic (plastic) and analog.[6][7]

The adjective "deep" in deep learning refers to the use of multiple layers in the network. Early work showed that a linear perceptron cannot be a universal classifier, but that a network with a nonpolynomial activation function with one hidden layer of unbounded width can. Deep learning is a modern variation that is concerned with an unbounded number of layers of bounded size, which permits practical application and optimized implementation, while retaining theoretical universality under mild conditions. In deep learning the layers are also permitted to be heterogeneous and to deviate widely from biologically informed connectionist models, for the sake of efficiency, trainability and understandability.
Answer: Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on artificial neural networks with representation learning.
Question: What is Clemson University?
Context: Clemson University (/ˈklɛmp.sən, ˈklɛm.zən/[5][6][note a]) is a public land-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina. Founded in 1889, Clemson is the second-largest university by enrollment in South Carolina.[7] For the fall 2019 semester, the university enrolled a total of 20,195 undergraduate students and 5,627 graduate students,[3] and the student/faculty ratio was 18:1.[8] Clemson's 1,400-acre campus [9] is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The campus now borders Lake Hartwell, which was formed by the dam completed in 1962. The university manages the nearby 17,500-acre Clemson Experimental Forest that is used for research, education, and recreation.

Clemson University consists of seven colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; The Wilbur O. and Ann Powers College of Business; Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Education; Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences; and Science.[10] U.S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University 77th for 2022 among national U.S. universities.[11] Clemson University is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."[12]
Answer: Clemson University is a School based in the Upstate of South Carolina in a town called Clemson. They are known for their Football team and bright orange paw. Clemson is consistently a top 10 football team. Their biggest in-state rival is the University of South Carolina Gamecocks. Clemson has 7 different colleges ranging from Engineering, Business, Agriculture, and Health Sciences.
Question: What is handscroll used for
Context: The handscroll is a long, narrow, horizontal scroll format in East Asia used for calligraphy or paintings. A handscroll usually measures up to several meters in length and around 25–40 cm in height.[2] Handscrolls are generally viewed starting from the right end.[3] This kind of scroll is intended to be read or viewed flat on a table, in sections.[3][4] The format thus allows for the depiction of a continuous narrative or journey.[5] The traditional alternative format in East Asian paintings is the vertical hanging scroll, which is rarely as long.
Answer: The handscroll is a long, narrow, horizontal scroll format in East Asia used for calligraphy or paintings.
Question: What are the benefits of a barre workout?
Context: Barre classes attract people who want to develop the lean muscle tone of a ballerina.[7][3] Supposed benefits include improved strength,[2] posture,[2][6] flexibility,[1][2][6][8] balance,[2][6][7] stability,[6][8] endurance,[7] and muscle definition,[2][6] together with weight loss[2][6] and reduced stress.[6] The exercises target muscles that support and stabilise the body and which are often neglected in everyday life and by other forms of exercise.[7]
Answer: Barre workouts help create a lean body, such as that of a ballerina. The workout helps with improving strength, posture, balance, flexibility, endurance, stability , endurance, muscles definition and promotes weight loss by focusing on muscles that are ignored in everyday life or other exercises
Question: How big is the Atlas Moth?
Context: The Atlas moth is one of the largest lepidopterans, with a wingspan measuring up to 24 cm (9.4 in)[1] and a wing surface area of about 160 cm2 (≈25 in2).[2] It is only surpassed in wingspan by the white witch (Thysania agrippina) and Attacus caesar,[1] and in wing surface area by the Hercules moth (Coscinocera hercules). As in most silk moths, females are noticeably larger and heavier than males, while males have broader antennae.[3][4][5]
Answer: The Atlas Moth has a wingspan measuring up to 24 cm.
Question: Please let me know the details of 1MDB saga and scandal.
Context: The 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, often referred to as the 1MDB scandal or just 1MDB, describes a corruption, bribery and money laundering conspiracy in which the Malaysian sovereign wealth fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) was systematically embezzled, with assets diverted globally by the perpetrators of the scheme.[1] It had a global scope, implicated institutions and individuals in politics, banking, and entertainment, and sparked criminal investigations across a number of nations. The 1MDB scandal has been described as "one of the world's greatest financial scandals"[2][3] and declared by the United States Department of Justice as the "largest kleptocracy case to date" in 2016.[4]
Answer: Originally 1MDB stands for of 1Malaysia Development Berhad was a Malaysian state fund, set up in 2009 to promote development through foreign investment and partnerships. The then prime minister, Najib Razak, was its chairman.

The fund has since been at the heart of one of the biggest corruption scandals in the world. The US justice department believes more than $4.5bn was stolen by Jho Low and the resulting scandal has been responsible for the toppling of a government this year and the arrest of Najib, his wife, Rosmah Mansor, and a growing number of close associates.
Question: Given a reference text about the adverse affects of Foley catheters, please list the main risks.
Context: Catheterized bladders become colonized by microorganisms very quickly, with a daily incidence of 3-10%; after four days, between 10-30% of patients develop bacteriuria.[11] Whilst the presence of a catheter does increase the incidence of bloodstream infections secondary to a urinary origin, there is a huge amount of unnecessary, and likely harmful, antimicrobial prescribing on the basis of detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The industry is moving to silver-coated catheters in an attempt to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections, although there is limited evidence of efficacy. An additional problem is that Foley catheters tend to become coated over time with a biofilm that can obstruct the drainage. This increases the amount of stagnant urine left in the bladder, which further contributes to urinary tract infections. When a Foley catheter becomes clogged, it must be flushed or replaced. There is currently not enough adequate evidence to conclude whether washouts are beneficial or harmful.[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foley_catheter
Answer: The risks of a Foley catheter include urinary tract and bloodstream infections. In addition, overprescribing of medications to treat infections leads to what is likely additional risk.
Question: When is Croatian Independence Day?
Context: The Croatian referendum on independence was held in May 1991, with 93% of voters supporting independence.[1] On 25 June, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) proclaimed Croatian independence.[2] Seven days later, on 7 July, Croatia and Slovenia both signed the Brioni Declaration, in which the two countries agreed to suspend all declarations and acts passed by the Croatian and Slovenian parliaments related to those states' secession from Yugoslavia for a period of three months.[3] During that time, the Croatian War of Independence started.

On 8 October, the Croatian Parliament decided to end relations with Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia,[4] in the Decision on the termination of the state and legal ties with other republics and provinces of Yugoslavia.[5][6] That session was not held in the House of Parliament but instead in the basement of an INA building, because of the possibility of the repeat of an incident such as the bombing of Banski dvori.[7]

The Government of Ivica Račan moved the Independence Day to 8 October in 2002, and 25 June was marked as a memorial day (working) under the name Statehood Day.

On 14 November 2019, the Croatian Parliament adopted a new law on holidays, and moved Independence Day back to 25 June.[8] Previous date, 8 October, became a working memorial day under the name Day of the Croatian Parliament..
Answer: Croatian Independence Day (Dan Neovisnosti) is celebrated on June 25th. The holiday was established in 2001, but was celebrated on October 8th from 2002 to 2019 which was the day in 1991 when Croatian Parliament declared to end relations with all of the Socialist Republics of Yugoslavia. June 25th, 1991 was the day when Croatian Parliament declared independence from Socialist Federal Republics of Yugoslavia.
Question: Extract the the materials used to build beaver dams from the following passage and separate them with a comma.
Context: Beavers need trees and shrubs to use as building material for dams, which restrict flowing water to create a pond for them to live in, and for lodges, which act as shelters and refuges from predators and the elements. Without such material, beavers dig burrows into a bank to live. Dam construction begins in late summer or early fall, and they repair them whenever needed. Beavers can cut down trees up to 15 cm (5.9 in) wide in less than 50 minutes. Thicker trees, at 25 cm (9.8 in) wide or more, may not fall for hours.[56] When chewing down a tree, beavers switch between biting with the left and right side of the mouth. Tree branches are then cut and carried to their destination with the powerful jaw and neck muscles. Other building materials, like mud and rocks, are held by the forelimbs and tucked between the chin and chest.[57]
Answer: Beavers use the following materials to build their dams: trees, shrubs, mud, rocks.
Question: Extract the names of the founders of Genoa C.F.C from the text?
Context: In Italy, Genoa C.F.C. is the oldest active football club: it was founded by Charles De Grave Sells, S. Green, George Blake, W. Rilley, George Dormer Fawcus, H.M. Sandys, E. De Thierry, Johnathan Summerhill Sr., Johnathan Summerhill Jr. and Sir Charles Alfred Payton in Genoa on 7 September 1893. However, Genoa C.F.C. was not the first Italian football club, being Torino Football & Cricket Club (1887)[44] but its history lasted only for 4 years. Founded by Edoardo Bosio (owner of Bosio & Caratsch, the earliest brewery in Italy), the team broke up in 1891. Older than Genoa and Torino is Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Fanfulla, a sports club founded in Lodi in 1873, but its football section was established thirty-five years later in 1908.
Answer: The founders of Genoa C.F.C are Charles De Grave Sells, S. Green, George Blake, W. Rilley, George Dormer Fawcus, H.M. Sandys, E. De Thierry, Johnathan Summerhill Sr., Johnathan Summerhill Jr. and Sir Charles Alfred Payton.
Question: What film is recognized as the first film in the world with an entirely black cast?
Context: William D. Foster, sometimes referred to as Bill Foster (1884 – 15 April 1940),[1] was a pioneering African-American film producer who was an influential figure in the Black film industry in the early 20th century, along with others such as Oscar Micheaux. He was the first African American to found a film production company, establishing the Foster Photoplay Company in Chicago in 1910. Foster had a vision for the African-American community to portray themselves as they wanted to be seen, not as someone else depicted them. He was influenced by the black theater community and wanted to break the racial stereotyping of blacks in film. He was an actor and writer under the stage name Juli Jones, as well as an agent for numerous vaudeville stars. His film The Railroad Porter, released in 1912, is credited as being the world's first film with an entirely black cast and director.[2] The film is also credited with being the first black newsreel, featuring images of a YMCA parade.[3] Foster's company produced four films that were silent shorts.
Answer: The Railroad Porter, produced by Bill Foster in 1912, is recognized as the first film in the world with a fully black cast and director.
Question: What were the origins of the American Civil War?
Context: Historians who address the origins of the American Civil War today agree that the preservation of slavery in the United States was the principal aim of the 11 Southern states (seven states before the onset of the war and four states after the onset) that declared their secession from the United States (the Union) and united to form the Confederate States of America (known as the "Confederacy"). However, while historians in the 21st century agree on the centrality of the conflict over slavery—it was not just "a cause" of the war but "the cause"[1]—they disagree sharply on which aspects of this conflict (ideological, economic, political, or social) were most important, and on the North’s reasons for refusing to allow the Southern states to secede.[2] Proponents of the pseudo-historical Lost Cause ideology have denied that slavery was the principal cause of the secession, a view that has been disproven by the overwhelming historical evidence against it, notably the seceding states' own secession documents.
Answer: Many historians agree that the issue of slavery was the main cause of the American Civil War.  A total of eleven southern states wanted to preserve slavery and as a result voted to secede from the United States.  These states subsequently declared themselves the Confederate States of America, also known as the Confederacy.  Also most historians agree that slavery was the cause of the war, they have differing views regarding which aspects (idealogical, economic, political, or social) were most important.  Their opinions also differ regarding the Northern States reasons for not allowing the Southern states to succeed from the Union.  Followers of an ideology known as the Lost Cause Idealogy have denied that slavery was the root cause of the war however this view has been disproven by overwhelming evidence, including the Southern states own secession documents.
Question: Where is the Eclectochromis lobochilus fish generally found?
Context: Eclectochromis lobochilus is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Its endemic to Lake Malawi.[1][3]

This species is found along rocky shores and sometimes in the intermediate habitat between sandy and rock areas. It occurs at depths of 5–15 metres (16–49 ft). It feeds on invertebrates, mainly adult and larval in insects, that hide among aquatic vegetation or algae. The breeding males defend a cave among the rocks. The females mouthbrood the eggs and fry, guarding them after they have been released. This species is known as "Haplochromis Hertae" in the aquarium trade.[1]
Answer: The Eclectochromis lobochilus fish is generally found in Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania.