umarjan11/Medical-qna huggingface dataset:
Question: What is (are) Ectopic Kidney ?

Answer: An ectopic kidney is a birth defect in which a kidney is located below, above, or on the opposite side of its usual position. About one in 900 people has an ectopic kidney.1
Question: What is (are) Knee Replacement ?

Answer: The main reason to have knee replacement surgery is to ease pain and disability caused by arthritis or other joint problems, while preserving movement. Less commonly, it is used to correct some kinds of knee deformity.
Question: What is (are) Stroke ?

Answer: Atherosclerosis, also known as hardening of the arteries, is the most common blood vessel disease. It is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, and is a risk factor for stroke.
Question: What is (are) High Blood Cholesterol ?

Answer: A desirable level for total cholesterol is less than 200 mg/dL. Here are the ranges for total cholesterol levels. Do you know how your total cholesterol level compares?
Question: How many people are affected by Heart Failure ?

Answer: Approximately 5 million people in the United States have heart failure. It contributes to 300,000 deaths each year. It is the number one cause of hospitalizations for people over the age of 65.
Question: Do you have information about Children's Page

Answer: Summary : Kids, this page is for you. Learn about everything from how the body works to what happens when you go to the hospital. There are quizzes, games and lots of cool web sites for you to explore. Have fun!
Question: What causes Amniotic band syndrome ?

Answer: What causes amniotic bands? Amniotic bands are caused by damage to a part of the placenta called the amnion. Damage to the amnion may produce fiber-like bands that can trap parts of the developing baby.
Question: How to diagnose Lemierre syndrome ?

Answer: How is Lemierre syndrome diagnosed? After performing blood cultures and complete blood counts, contrast computed tomography (CT) of the neck provides the definitive diagnosis. Ultrasound can also confirm internal jugular vein thrombosis.
Question: What is (are) Hairy tongue ?

Answer: Hairy tongue is a condition in which the the central top portion of the tongue presents with an abnormal coloring.  Although the abnormal coating is typically black in color, brown, yellow, and green discoloration has been described.
Question: What is (are) IBIDS syndrome ?

Answer: Tay syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital ichthyosis (dry, fish-like scaly skin present at birth) and abnormal brittle hair (trichothiodystrophy).
Question: How to prevent Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) ?

Answer: A vaccine does exist for KFD and is used in endemic areas of India. Additional preventative measures include insect repellents and wearing protective clothing in areas where ticks are endemic.
Question: What are the treatments for Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonica ?

Answer: Treatment of Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonica is symptomatic. Myoclonus and seizures may be treated with drugs like valproate.
Question: What is the outlook for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder ?

Answer: There is no "cure" for ADHD. Children with the disorder seldom outgrow it; however, some may find adaptive ways to accommodate the ADHD as they mature.
Question: What is the outlook for Myotonia Congenita ?

Answer: Most individuals with myotonia congenita lead long, productive lives. Although muscle stiffness may interfere with walking, grasping, chewing, and swallowing, it is usually relieved with exercise.
Question: What is the outlook for Troyer Syndrome ?

Answer: Prognosis varies, although the disease is progressive. Some patients may have a mild form of the disease while others eventually lose the ability to walk normally. Troyer syndrome does not shorten the normal life span.
Question: What are the treatments for Brown-Sequard Syndrome ?

Answer: Generally treatment for individuals with BSS focuses on the underlying cause of the disorder. Early treatment with high-dose steroids may be beneficial in many cases. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Question: What are the treatments for Cerebellar Hypoplasia ?

Answer: There is no standard course of treatment for cerebellar hypoplasia. Treatment depends upon the underlying disorder and the severity of symptoms. Generally, treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Question: How many people are affected by Friedreich ataxia ?

Answer: Friedreich ataxia is estimated to affect 1 in 40,000 people. This condition is found in people with European, Middle Eastern, or North African ancestry. It is rarely identified in other ethnic groups.
Question: How many people are affected by Baller-Gerold syndrome ?

Answer: The prevalence of Baller-Gerold syndrome is unknown, but this rare condition probably affects fewer than 1 per million people. Fewer than 40 cases have been reported in the medical literature.
Question: How many people are affected by carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency ?

Answer: CPT I deficiency is a rare disorder; fewer than 50 affected individuals have been identified. This disorder may be more common in the Hutterite and Inuit populations.
Question: How many people are affected by nonsyndromic aplasia cutis congenita ?

Answer: Aplasia cutis congenita affects approximately 1 in 10,000 newborns. The incidence of the nonsyndromic form is unknown.
Question: Is celiac disease inherited ?

Answer: Celiac disease tends to cluster in families. Parents, siblings, or children (first-degree relatives) of people with celiac disease have between a 4 and 15 percent chance of developing the disorder. However, the inheritance pattern is unknown.
Question: How many people are affected by X-linked sideroblastic anemia ?

Answer: This form of anemia is uncommon. However, researchers believe that it may not be as rare as they once thought. Increased awareness of the disease has led to more frequent diagnoses.
Question: How many people are affected by Li-Fraumeni syndrome ?

Answer: The exact prevalence of Li-Fraumeni is unknown. One U.S. registry of Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients suggests that about 400 people from 64 families have this disorder.
Question: How many people are affected by cri-du-chat syndrome ?

Answer: Cri-du-chat syndrome occurs in an estimated 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 newborns. This condition is found in people of all ethnic backgrounds.
Question: How many people are affected by trichohepatoenteric syndrome ?

Answer: Trichohepatoenteric syndrome is a rare condition with an estimated prevalence of about 1 in 1 million people. At least 44 cases have been reported in the medical literature.
Question: Is Behet disease inherited ?

Answer: Most cases of Behet disease are sporadic, which means they occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. A small percentage of all cases have been reported to run in families; however, the condition does not have a clear pattern of inheritance.
Question: How many people are affected by Sandhoff disease ?

Answer: Sandhoff disease is a rare disorder; its frequency varies among populations. This condition appears to be more common in the Creole population of northern Argentina; the Metis Indians in Saskatchewan, Canada; and people from Lebanon.
Question: How many people are affected by Laron syndrome ?

Answer: Laron syndrome is a rare disorder. About 350 people have been diagnosed with the condition worldwide. The largest single group of affected individuals (about 100 people) lives in an area of southern Ecuador.
Question: How many people are affected by nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ?

Answer: The prevalence of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is unknown, although the condition is thought to be rare. The acquired form occurs more frequently than the hereditary form.
Question: How many people are affected by cytochrome c oxidase deficiency ?

Answer: In Eastern Europe, cytochrome c oxidase deficiency is estimated to occur in 1 in 35,000 individuals. The prevalence of this condition outside this region is unknown.
Question: How many people are affected by Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia ?

Answer: Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia is a very rare condition. The prevalence in North America is estimated to be one in 1 million to 3 million people.
Question: How many people are affected by Leber hereditary optic neuropathy ?

Answer: The prevalence of LHON in most populations is unknown. It affects 1 in 30,000 to 50,000 people in northeast England and Finland.
Question: How many people are affected by congenital mirror movement disorder ?

Answer: Congenital mirror movement disorder is a very rare disorder. Its prevalence is thought to be less than 1 in 1 million. Researchers suggest that some mildly affected individuals may never be diagnosed.
Question: How many people are affected by Fraser syndrome ?

Answer: Fraser syndrome affects an estimated 1 in 200,000 newborns. The condition occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 fetuses that do not survive to birth.
Question: Is ulcerative colitis inherited ?

Answer: The inheritance pattern of ulcerative colitis is unknown because many genetic and environmental factors are likely to be involved. Even though the inheritance pattern of this condition is unclear, having a family member with ulcerative colitis increases the risk of developing the condition.
Question: What is (are) High Blood Cholesterol ?

Answer: The coronary arteries bring blood to your heart. If plaque builds up in these arteries, the blood may not be able to bring enough oxygen to the heart muscle. This is called coronary heart disease.
Question: How to diagnose Parasites - Ascariasis ?

Answer: The standard method for diagnosing ascariasis is by identifying Ascaris eggs in a stool sample using a microscope. Because eggs may be difficult to find in light infections, a concentration procedure is recommended.
Question: What are the treatments for Myotonia ?

Answer: Treatment for myotonia may include mexiletine, quinine, phenytoin, and other anticonvulsant drugs. Physical therapy and other rehabilitative measures may help muscle function.
Question: What is the outlook for Klver-Bucy Syndrome ?

Answer: There is no cure for Klver-Bucy syndrome. The disorder is not life-threatening, but the patient can be difficult to manage. With treatment, symptoms may slowly decline.
Question: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Periventricular Leukomalacia ?

Answer: The NINDS supports and conducts research on brain injuries such as PVL. Much of this research is aimed at finding ways to prevent and treat these disorders.
Question: What are the treatments for Coffin Lowry Syndrome ?

Answer: There is no cure and no standard course of treatment for Coffin-Lowry syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, and may include physical and speech therapy and educational services.
Question: What are the treatments for Hydromyelia ?

Answer: Generally, physicians recommend surgery for children with hydromyelia if they have moderate or severe neurological deficits. Surgical treatment re-establishes the normal flow of spinal fluid.
Question: What are the treatments for Kennedy's Disease ?

Answer: Currently there is no known cure for Kennedy's disease. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Physical therapy and rehabilitation to slow muscle weakness and atrophy may prove helpful.
Question: Is 5q minus syndrome inherited ?

Answer: This condition is generally not inherited but arises from a mutation in the body's cells that occurs after conception. This alteration is called a somatic mutation. Affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family.
Question: How many people are affected by X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia ?

Answer: The prevalence of XMEN is unknown. Only a few affected individuals have been described in the medical literature.
Question: How many people are affected by adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ?

Answer: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal abnormality in children. It affects an estimated 2 to 3 percent of children in the U.S.
Question: How many people are affected by familial pityriasis rubra pilaris ?

Answer: Familial pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare condition. Its incidence is unknown, although the familial form appears to be the least common type of pityriasis rubra pilaris.
Question: How many people are affected by N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency ?

Answer: N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency is a very rare disorder. Only a few cases have been reported worldwide, and the overall incidence is unknown.
Question: Is granulomatosis with polyangiitis inherited ?

Answer: The inheritance pattern of GPA is unknown. Most instances are sporadic and occur in individuals with no history of the disorder in their family. Only rarely is more than one member of the same family affected by the disorder.
Question: How many people are affected by congenital deafness with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia, and microdontia ?

Answer: LAMM syndrome is a rare condition, although its prevalence is unknown. Approximately a dozen affected families have been identified.
Question: How many people are affected by thanatophoric dysplasia ?

Answer: This condition occurs in 1 in 20,000 to 50,000 newborns. Type I thanatophoric dysplasia is more common than type II.
Question: How many people are affected by autosomal recessive hypotrichosis ?

Answer: The worldwide prevalence of autosomal recessive hypotrichosis is unknown. In Japan, the condition is estimated to affect 1 in 10,000 individuals.
Question: How many people are affected by familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ?

Answer: Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects an estimated 1 in 500 people worldwide. It is the most common genetic heart disease in the United States.
Question: How many people are affected by familial paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia ?

Answer: Familial paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia is a very rare disorder. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1 in 5 million people.
Question: How many people are affected by Lynch syndrome ?

Answer: In the United States, about 140,000 new cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed each year. Approximately 3 to 5 percent of these cancers are caused by Lynch syndrome.
Question: How many people are affected by hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA ?

Answer: Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IA is a rare condition; its prevalence is estimated to be 1 to 2 per 100,000 individuals.
Question: How many people are affected by Prolactinoma ?

Answer: Although small benign pituitary tumors are fairly common in the general population, symptomatic prolactinomas are uncommon. Prolactinomas occur more often in women than men and rarely occur in children.
Question: What to do for What I need to know about My Child's Urinary Tract Infection ?

Answer: To help prevent a UTI, make sure your child drinks enough fluids each day. Talk with your childs health care provider to find out how much fluid your child should drink.
Question: How many people are affected by Porphyria ?

Answer: The exact rates of porphyria are unknown and vary around the world. For example, porphyria cutanea tarda is most common in the United States, and variegate porphyria is most common in South America.1
Question: Who is at risk for Prostate Cancer? ?

Answer: Scientists have wondered whether obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, and radiation exposure, might increase risk. But at this time, there is no conclusive evidence that any of these factors contribute to an increased risk.
Question: What causes Dry Mouth ?

Answer: Some diseases affect the salivary glands. Sjgren's syndrome and diabetes can cause dry mouth. Injury to the head or neck can damage the nerves that tell salivary glands to make saliva.
Question: What are the treatments for Age-related Macular Degeneration ?

Answer: Once dry AMD reaches the advanced stage, no form of treatment can prevent vision loss. However, treatment can delay and possibly prevent intermediate AMD from progressing to the advanced stage, in which vision loss occurs.
Question: How many people are affected by Colorectal Cancer ?

Answer: Colorectal cancer accounts for almost ten percent of all cancer deaths in the United States. The risk of developing colorectal cancer rises after age 50. It is common in both men and women.
Question: What causes Dry Eye ?

Answer: Most people with dry eye will not have serious problems, but severe dry eye may lead to inflammation, ulcers, or scars on the cornea, and some loss of vision. Permanent loss of vision from dry eye is uncommon.
Question: What is (are) Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Health ?

Answer: Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals have special health concerns besides the usual ones that affect most men and women. On this page you'll find information about these specific health issues.
Question: What are the treatments for Scleroderma ?

Answer: How might scleroderma be treated? Currently, there is not a cure for scleroderma, however treatments are available to relieve symptoms and limit damage. Treatment will vary depending on your symptoms.
Question: What causes Ollier disease ?

Answer: What causes Ollier disease? The exact cause of Ollier disease is not known. It is usually a sporadic, non-familial disorder, however, in some cases, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant genetic trait.
Question: How to prevent Acinetobacter in Healthcare Settings ?

Answer: Acinetobacter can live on the skin and may survive in the environment for several days. Careful attention to infection control procedures, such as hand hygiene and environmental cleaning, can reduce the risk of transmission.
Question: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Angelman Syndrome ?

Answer: The NINDS supports and conducts research on neurogenetic disorders such as Angelman syndrome, to develop techniques to diagnose, treat, prevent, and ultimately cure them.
Question: What are the treatments for Schilder's Disease ?

Answer: Treatment for the disorder follows the established standards in multiple sclerosis and includes corticosteroids, beta-interferon or immunosuppressive therapy, and symptomatic treatment.
Question: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Parry-Romberg ?

Answer: The NINDS supports research on neurological disorders such as Parry-Romberg syndrome with the goal of finding ways to prevent, treat, and cure them.
Question: What is the outlook for Megalencephaly ?

Answer: The prognosis for infants and children with megalencephaly depends upon the underlying cause and the associated neurological disorders. The prognosis for children with hemimegalencephaly is poor.
Question: What is the outlook for Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) ?

Answer: KTS is often a progressive disorder, and complications may be life-threatening. However, many individuals can live well while managing their symptoms.
Question: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) ?

Answer: The NINDS supports research on congenital disorders such as KTS with the goal of finding new means to treat and prevent them.
Question: How many people are affected by mucopolysaccharidosis type VI ?

Answer: The exact incidence of MPS VI is unknown, although it is estimated to occur in 1 in 250,000 to 600,000 newborns.
Question: How many people are affected by sialuria ?

Answer: Fewer than 10 people worldwide have been diagnosed with sialuria. There are probably more people with the disorder who have not been diagnosed, as sialuria can be difficult to detect because of its variable features.
Question: How many people are affected by polymicrogyria ?

Answer: The prevalence of isolated polymicrogyria is unknown. Researchers believe that it may be relatively common overall, although the individual forms of the disorder (such as bilateral generalized polymicrogyria) are probably rare.
Question: How many people are affected by hereditary diffuse gastric cancer ?

Answer: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common form of cancer worldwide, affecting 900,000 people per year. HDGC probably accounts for less than 1 percent of these cases.
Question: Is Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis inherited ?

Answer: SJS/TEN is not an inherited condition. However, the genetic changes that increase the risk of developing SJS/TEN can be passed from one generation to the next.
Question: How many people are affected by hyperprolinemia ?

Answer: It is difficult to determine the prevalence of hyperprolinemia type I because most people with the condition do not have any symptoms. Hyperprolinemia type II is a rare condition; its prevalence is also unknown.
Question: How many people are affected by Leber congenital amaurosis ?

Answer: Leber congenital amaurosis occurs in 2 to 3 per 100,000 newborns. It is one of the most common causes of blindness in children.
Question: How many people are affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension ?

Answer: In the United States, about 1,000 new cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension are diagnosed each year. This disorder is twice as common in females as in males.
Question: How many people are affected by Moebius syndrome ?

Answer: The exact incidence of Moebius syndrome is unknown. Researchers estimate that the condition affects 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 500,000 newborns.
Question: How many people are affected by X-linked juvenile retinoschisis ?

Answer: The prevalence of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis is estimated to be 1 in 5,000 to 25,000 men worldwide.
Question: How many people are affected by hereditary fructose intolerance ?

Answer: The incidence of hereditary fructose intolerance is estimated to be 1 in 20,000 to 30,000 individuals each year worldwide.
Question: How many people are affected by arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency ?

Answer: The prevalence of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is unknown. The disorder has been identified in only a few families.
Question: How many people are affected by fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva ?

Answer: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a very rare disorder, believed to occur in approximately 1 in 2 million people worldwide. Several hundred cases have been reported.
Question: How many people are affected by Turner syndrome ?

Answer: This condition occurs in about 1 in 2,500 newborn girls worldwide, but it is much more common among pregnancies that do not survive to term (miscarriages and stillbirths).
Question: What are the treatments for What I need to know about Kidney Failure and How Its Treated ?

Answer: The treatments for kidney failure are
                
- hemodialysis  - peritoneal dialysis  - a kidney transplant  - conservative management
Question: What to do for Urinary Tract Infections in Children ?

Answer: Children with a UTI should drink as much as they wish and not be forced to drink large amounts of fluid. The health care provider needs to know if a child is not interested in drinking or is unable to drink.
Question: What is (are) Creating a Family Health History ?

Answer: Talk to other family members. You can also obtain a death certificate from a state or county vital statistics office to confirm a late relative's cause of death. Funeral homes and online obituaries may also have this information.
Question: What is (are) Coccygodynia ?

Answer: Coccygodynia is a rare condition in that causes pain in and around the coccyx (tailbone). Although various causes have been described for the condition, the more common causes are direct falls and injury.
Question: What causes Peters plus syndrome ?

Answer: Is there anything that I might have done that could have caused or prevented Peters plus syndrome? No. Peters plus syndrome is genetic; therefore, there is nothing you or your partner could have done to cause or to prevent the syndrome.
Question: What causes Erythropoietic protoporphyria ?

Answer: What is the genetic basis of erythropoietic protoporphyria? Erythropoietic protoporphyria is caused by mutations in the FECH gene.
Question: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Orthostatic Hypotension ?

Answer: The NINDS supports research on conditions such as neurogenic orthostatic hypotension aimed at increasing scientific understanding of the condition and finding ways to treat and prevent it.