umarjan11/Medical-qna huggingface dataset:
Question: What are the symptoms of Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Dandy-Walker malformation 90% Postaxial hand polydactyly 90% Agenesis of cerebellar vermis - Aortic valve stenosis - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Chorioretinal atrophy - Cranial nerve paralysis - Depressed nasal bridge - Dilated fourth ventricle - Dolichocephaly - Elevated imprint of the transverse sinuses - Frontal bossing - Hydrocephalus - Low-set ears - Macrocephaly - Microretrognathia - Nystagmus - Partial absence of cerebellar vermis - Patent ductus arteriosus - Posterior embryotoxon - Posterior fossa cyst at the fourth ventricle - Small palpebral fissure - Thinning and bulging of the posterior fossa bones - Truncal ataxia - Wide nasal bridge - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What are the symptoms of Microhydranencephaly ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Microhydranencephaly? Microhydranencephaly is a developmental abnormality that affects the brain. Signs and symptoms can vary but generally include: Extreme microcephaly Scalp rugae (a series of ridges) Profound developmental delay Severe intellectual disability Spasticity Imaging studies of the brain generally reveal incomplete brain formation and severe hydrocephalus (accumulation of fluid in the brain). The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Microhydranencephaly. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Agenesis of corpus callosum - Athetosis - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cerebellar hypoplasia - Generalized myoclonic seizures - Hydranencephaly - Hyperreflexia - Hypoplasia of the brainstem - Intellectual disability, progressive - Intellectual disability, severe - Macrotia - Microcephaly - Multiple joint contractures - Pachygyria - Prominent nasal bridge - Proptosis - Self-mutilation - Short stature - Skeletal muscle atrophy - Sloping forehead - Spastic tetraplegia - Talipes equinovarus - Ventriculomegaly - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What are the symptoms of Neuroferritinopathy ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Neuroferritinopathy? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Neuroferritinopathy. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Chorea 90% Hypertonia 90% Incoordination 90% Abnormality of eye movement 50% Feeding difficulties in infancy 50% Gait disturbance 50% Constipation 7.5% Developmental regression 7.5% Hypotension 7.5% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Reduced consciousness/confusion 7.5% Tremor 7.5% Anarthria - Ataxia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Babinski sign - Blepharospasm - Bradykinesia - Cavitation of the basal ganglia - Choreoathetosis - Decreased serum ferritin - Dementia - Disinhibition - Dysarthria - Dysphagia - Emotional lability - Hyperreflexia - Laryngeal dystonia - Mutism - Neurodegeneration - Parkinsonism - Phenotypic variability - Progressive - Rigidity - Spasticity - Writer's cramp - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What are the symptoms of Lowry Wood syndrome ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Lowry Wood syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Lowry Wood syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Microcephaly 90% Short stature 90% Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 50% Arthralgia 50% Cognitive impairment 50% Nystagmus 50% Abnormality of nail color 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the radius 7.5% Astigmatism 7.5% Brachydactyly syndrome 7.5% Delayed skeletal maturation 7.5% Elbow dislocation 7.5% Limitation of joint mobility 7.5% Patellar dislocation 7.5% Platyspondyly 7.5% Visual impairment 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Epiphyseal dysplasia - Intellectual disability, mild - Irregular epiphyses - Shallow acetabular fossae - Small epiphyses - Small for gestational age - Squared iliac bones - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: Who is at risk for Acanthamoeba - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE); Keratitis? ?

Answer: Acanthamoeba keratitis
  
   
Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare disease that can affect anyone, but is most common in individuals who wear contact lenses. In the United States, an estimated 85% of cases occur in contact lens users. The incidence of the disease in developed countries is approximately one to 33 cases per million contact lens wearers.
   
For people who wear contact lenses, certain practices can increase the risk of getting Acanthamoeba keratitis:
   
    - Storing and handling lenses improperly
    - Disinfecting lenses improperly (such as using tap water or topping off solutions when cleaning the lenses or lens case)
    - Swimming, using a hot tub, or showering while wearing lenses
    - Coming into contact with contaminated water
    - Having a history of trauma to the cornea
   
   
Contact lens wearers who practice proper lens care and non-contact lens wearers can still develop the infection. For additional information on contact lens care and prevention of Acanthamoeba keratitis visit CDC’s web page on Prevention and Control.
   
There have been no reports of Acanthamoeba keratitis being spread from one person to another.
   Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE)
   
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) and disseminated infection are very rare forms of Acanthamoeba infection and primarily affect people with compromised immune systems. While unusual, disseminated infection can also affect healthy children and adults. Conditions that may increase a patient’s risk for GAE and disseminated infection include:
   
    - AIDS
    - Organ/Tissue transplant
    - Steroids or excessive use of antibiotics
    - Diabetes Mellitus
    - Cancer
    - Disorders in which white blood cells in the lymphatic tissue are over-produced or abnormal
    - Disorders in which blood cells or blood clotting mechanisms do not function properly or are abnormal
    - Liver cirrhosis
    - Lupus
Question: How to prevent Parasites - Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection) ?

Answer: People who are healthy should follow the guidelines below to reduce risk of toxoplasmosis. If you have a weakened immune system, please see guidelines for Immunocompromised Persons.
   Reduce Risk from Food
   
To prevent risk of toxoplasmosis and other infections from food:
   
    - Freeze meat for several days at sub-zero (0° F) temperatures before cooking to greatly reduce chance of infection.
    - Peel or wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating. 
     
      
     
    - Wash cutting boards, dishes, counters, utensils, and hands with hot soapy water after contact with raw meat, poultry, seafood, or unwashed fruits or vegetables.
   
   
More on: Handwashing
   
The U.S. Government and the meat industry continue their efforts to reduce T. gondii in meat.
   Reduce Risk from the Environment
   
To prevent risk of toxoplasmosis from the environment:
   
    - Avoid drinking untreated drinking water.
    - Wear gloves when gardening and during any contact with soil or sand because it might be contaminated with cat feces that contain Toxoplasma. Wash hands with soap and warm water after gardening or contact with soil or sand.
    - Teach children the importance of washing hands to prevent infection.
    - Keep outdoor sandboxes covered. 
     
      
     
    - Feed cats only canned or dried commercial food or well-cooked table food, not raw or undercooked meats.
    - Change the litter box daily if you own a cat. The Toxoplasma parasite does not become infectious until 1 to 5 days after it is shed in a cat's feces. If you are pregnant or immunocompromised: 
     
      - Avoid changing cat litter if possible. If no one else can perform the task, wear disposable gloves and wash your hands with soap and warm water afterwards.
      - Keep cats indoors.
      - Do not adopt or handle stray cats, especially kittens. Do not get a new cat while you are pregnant.
Question: What are the symptoms of Scheie syndrome ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Scheie syndrome ? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Scheie syndrome . If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the aortic valve 90% Cerebral palsy 90% Decreased nerve conduction velocity 90% Glaucoma 90% Limitation of joint mobility 90% Mucopolysacchariduria 90% Opacification of the corneal stroma 90% Coarse facial features 50% Hepatomegaly 50% Splenomegaly 50% Thick lower lip vermilion 50% Hemiplegia/hemiparesis 7.5% Hypertonia 7.5% Sensorineural hearing impairment 7.5% Sinusitis 7.5% Wide mouth 7.5% Retinal degeneration 5% Aortic regurgitation - Aortic valve stenosis - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Broad face - Corneal opacity - Depressed nasal bridge - Full cheeks - Genu valgum - Mandibular prognathia - Obstructive sleep apnea - Pes cavus - Short neck - Wide nose - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What are the symptoms of Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal cortical bone morphology 90% Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 90% Abnormality of immune system physiology 90% Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology 90% Abnormality of the femur 90% Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Abnormality of the tibia 90% Bowing of the long bones 90% Craniofacial hyperostosis 90% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Splenomegaly 7.5% Hyperostosis cranialis interna 5% Leukopenia 5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Bone marrow hypocellularity - Diaphyseal dysplasia - Increased bone mineral density - Myelofibrosis - Phenotypic variability - Refractory anemia - Thrombocytopenia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What are the symptoms of Brooks Wisniewski Brown syndrome ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Brooks Wisniewski Brown syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Brooks Wisniewski Brown syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Developmental regression 5% Agenesis of corpus callosum - Blepharophimosis - Bulbous nose - Cerebral atrophy - Cupped ear - Decreased muscle mass - Deeply set eye - Delayed speech and language development - Depressed nasal bridge - EEG abnormality - Epicanthus inversus - Esotropia - Flexion contracture - Hyperactivity - Hyperreflexia - Increased serum lactate - Intellectual disability, progressive - Intellectual disability, severe - Low posterior hairline - Low-set ears - Microcephaly - Myopia - Narrow mouth - Nystagmus - Optic atrophy - Pectus excavatum - Poor coordination - Posteriorly rotated ears - Protruding ear - Seizures - Severe postnatal growth retardation - Short palpebral fissure - Short stature - Small for gestational age - Spastic diplegia - Tapered finger - Triangular face - X-linked recessive inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: What are the symptoms of Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata, benign form of Worth with torus palatinus ?

Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata, benign form of Worth with torus palatinus? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata, benign form of Worth with torus palatinus. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal cortical bone morphology 90% Abnormality of the ribs 90% Craniofacial hyperostosis 90% Torus palatinus 90% Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 50% Facial palsy 7.5% Mandibular prognathia 7.5% Nystagmus 7.5% Sensorineural hearing impairment 7.5% Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Clavicular sclerosis - Dental malocclusion - Flat forehead - Growth abnormality - Metacarpal diaphyseal endosteal sclerosis - Metatarsal diaphyseal endosteal sclerosis - Thickened cortex of long bones - Vertebral body sclerosis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question: How to prevent Q Fever ?

Answer: In the United States, Q fever outbreaks have resulted mainly from occupational exposure involving veterinarians, meat processing plant workers, sheep and dairy workers, livestock farmers, and researchers at facilities housing sheep. Prevention and control efforts should be directed primarily toward these groups and environments. 
 
The following measures should be used in the prevention and control of Q fever: 
  
  - Educate the public on sources of infection.  
  - Appropriately dispose of placenta, birth products, fetal membranes, and aborted fetuses at facilities housing sheep and goats.  
  - Restrict access to barns and laboratories used in housing potentially infected animals.   
  - Use appropriate procedures for bagging, autoclaving, and washing of laboratory clothing.  
  - Vaccinate (where possible) individuals engaged in research with pregnant sheep or live C. burnetii.  
  - Quarantine imported animals.  
  - Ensure that holding facilities for sheep should be located away from populated areas. Animals should be routinely tested for antibodies to C. burnetii, and measures should be implemented to prevent airflow to other occupied areas.  
  - Counsel persons at highest risk for developing chronic Q fever, especially persons with pre-existing cardiac valvular disease or individuals with vascular grafts.  
  
 
A vaccine for Q fever has been developed and has successfully protected humans in occupational settings in Australia. However, this vaccine is not commercially available in the United States. Persons wishing to be vaccinated should first have a skin test to determine a history of previous exposure. Individuals who have previously been exposed to C. burnetii should not receive the vaccine because severe reactions, localized to the area of the injected vaccine, may occur. A vaccine for use in animals has also been developed, but it is not available in the United States. 
 Significance for Bioterrorism 
 
Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious agent that is rather resistant to heat and drying. It can become airborne and inhaled by humans. A single C. burnetii organism may cause disease in a susceptible person. This agent has a past history of being developed for use in biological warfare and is considered a potential terrorist threat.