umarjan11/Medical-qna huggingface dataset:
Question: What is (are) Pudendal Neuralgia ?

Answer: Pudendal neuralgia occurs when the pudendal nerve is injured or compressed.  Symptoms include pain, burning, tingling, or numbness in the pelvic or buttock areas; symptoms worsen while an affected individual is in a sitting position.  The cause of pudendal neuralgia is unknown.  Treatment includes nerve block of the pudendal nerve or surgery to remove surrounding tissues that might be pressing on the nerve.
Question: What are the treatments for Celiac artery compression syndrome ?

Answer: How might celiac artery compression syndrome be treated? Surgery is currently the only treatment option for celiac artery compression syndrome. Surgery typically involves decompression of the celiac artery by dividing the fibers of the median arcuate ligament and celiac plexus (network of nerves in the abdomen). Surgical decompression might additionally be combined with stent placement, angioplasty, or vascular reconstruction of the celiac artery.
Question: Is Denys-Drash syndrome inherited ?

Answer: Is Denys-Drash syndrome inherited? Denys-Drash syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Most cases of Denys-Drash syndrome result from new (de novo) mutations in the gene that occur during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or in early embryonic development. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.
Question: Is Liddle syndrome inherited ?

Answer: How is Liddle syndrome inherited? Liddle syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that only one mutated copy of the disease-causing gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. The mutated copy of the gene may be inherited from an affected parent or occur for the first time in an affected individual. Individuals with an autosomal dominant condition have a 50% (1 in 2) risk to pass the mutated copy of the gene on to each of his/her children.
Question: Who is at risk for Thalassemias? ?

Answer: Family history and ancestry are the two risk factors for thalassemias.
                
Family History
                
Thalassemias are inheritedthat is, the genes for the disorders are passed from parents to their children. If your parents have missing or altered hemoglobin-making genes, you may have thalassemia.
                
Ancestry
                
Thalassemias occur most often among people of Italian, Greek, Middle Eastern, Southern Asian, and African descent.
Question: What is the outlook for Tuberous Sclerosis ?

Answer: The prognosis for individuals with TSC depends on the severity of symptoms. Individuals with mild symptoms generally do well and live long productive lives, while individuals with the more severe form may have serious disabilities. In rare cases, seizures, infections, or tumors in vital organs such as the kidneys and brain can lead to severe complications and even death. However, with appropriate medical care, most individuals with the disorder can look forward to normal life expectancy.
Question: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Myotonia Congenita ?

Answer: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conducts research related to myotonia congenita and also supports additional research through grants to major research institutions across the country. Current research is exploring how, at the molecular level, the defective gene in myotonia congenita causes the specific symptoms of the disorder. Additional research is focused on developing animal models of the disorder to test potential treatments and therapies.
Question: What are the treatments for metatropic dysplasia ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of metatropic dysplasia:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: TRPV4-Associated Disorders  - Genetic Testing Registry: Metatrophic dysplasia   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: What are the treatments for Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: Nicolaides-Baraitser Syndrome  - Genetic Testing Registry: Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: Is T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy inherited ?

Answer: This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. However, some people who carry one copy of a mutated FOXN1 gene have abnormal fingernails or toenails.
Question: What are the treatments for genitopatellar syndrome ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of genitopatellar syndrome:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: KAT6B-Related Disorders  - Genetic Testing Registry: Genitopatellar syndrome   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: What are the treatments for cyclic neutropenia ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of cyclic neutropenia:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: ELANE-Related Neutropenia  - Genetic Testing Registry: Cyclical neutropenia  - Seattle Children's Hospital   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: What are the treatments for polycythemia vera ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of polycythemia vera:  - Genetic Testing Registry: Polycythemia vera  - MPN Research Foundation: Diagnosis  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Polycythemia Vera   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: How many people are affected by Bowen-Conradi syndrome ?

Answer: Bowen-Conradi syndrome is common in the Hutterite population in Canada and the United States; it occurs in approximately 1 per 355 newborns in all three Hutterite sects (leuts). A few individuals from outside the Hutterite community with signs and symptoms similar to Bowen-Conradi syndrome have been described in the medical literature. Researchers differ as to whether these individuals have Bowen-Conradi syndrome or a similar but distinct disorder.
Question: What are the treatments for persistent Mllerian duct syndrome ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of persistent Mllerian duct syndrome:  - Genetic Testing Registry: Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Undescended testicle repair   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: What are the treatments for X-linked sideroblastic anemia ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of X-linked sideroblastic anemia:  - Genetic Testing Registry: Hereditary sideroblastic anemia  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Anemia   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: Is Williams syndrome inherited ?

Answer: Most cases of Williams syndrome are not inherited but occur as random events during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) in a parent of an affected individual. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.  Williams syndrome is considered an autosomal dominant condition because one copy of the altered chromosome 7 in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In a small percentage of cases, people with Williams syndrome inherit the chromosomal deletion from a parent with the condition.
Question: What are the treatments for gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia:  - Cleveland Clinic: Osteomyelitis  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Bone Mineral Density Testing   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: How many people are affected by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency ?

Answer: Severe dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, with its early-onset neurological symptoms, is a rare disorder. Its prevalence is unknown. However, between 2 and 8 percent of the general population may be vulnerable to toxic reactions to fluoropyrimidine drugs caused by otherwise asymptomatic dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency.
Question: How many people are affected by 16p11.2 deletion syndrome ?

Answer: Most people tested for the 16p11.2 deletion have come to medical attention as a result of developmental delay or autistic behaviors. Other individuals with the 16p11.2 deletion have no associated health or behavioral problems, and so the deletion may never be detected. For this reason, the prevalence of this deletion in the general population is difficult to determine but has been estimated at approximately 3 in 10,000.
Question: Is Waldenstrm macroglobulinemia inherited ?

Answer: Waldenstrm macroglobulinemia is usually not inherited, and most affected people have no history of the disorder in their family. The condition usually arises from mutations that are acquired during a person's lifetime (somatic mutations), which are not inherited.  Some families seem to have a predisposition to the condition. Approximately 20 percent of people with Waldenstrm macroglobulinemia have a family member with the condition or another disorder involving abnormal B cells.
Question: What are the treatments for fibrochondrogenesis ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of fibrochondrogenesis:  - Genetic Testing Registry: Fibrochondrogenesis  - Genetic Testing Registry: Fibrochondrogenesis 2   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: Who is at risk for Kidney Stones in Adults? ?

Answer: Anyone can get a kidney stone, but some people are more likely to get one. Men are affected more often than women, and kidney stones are more common in non-Hispanic white people than in non-Hispanic black people and Mexican Americans. Overweight and obese people are more likely to get a kidney stone than people of normal weight. In the United States, 8.8 percent of the population, or one in 11 people, have had a kidney stone.2
Question: How to diagnose Rheumatoid Arthritis ?

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis can be difficult to diagnose in its early stages because the full range of symptoms develops over time, and only a few symptoms may be present in the early stages. As part of the diagnosis, your doctor will look for symptoms such as swelling, warmth, pain, and limitations in joint motion throughout your body. Your doctor may ask you questions about the intensity of your pain symptoms, how often they occur, and what makes the pain better or worse.
Question: What are the treatments for Diabetic Retinopathy ?

Answer: Yes. Both treatments are very effective in reducing vision loss. People with proliferative retinopathy can reduce their risk of blindness by 95 percent with timely treatment and appropriate follow-up care. Although both treatments have high success rates, they do not cure diabetic retinopathy. Once you have proliferative retinopathy, you always will be at risk for new bleeding. You may need treatment more than once to protect your sight.
Question: What is (are) Creating a Family Health History ?

Answer: A heritable disease is caused by a mutation, or harmful change, in a gene inherited from a parent. Genes are small structures in your body's cells that determine how you look and tell your body how to work. Examples of heritable diseases are Huntington's disease, sickle cell anemia, and muscular dystrophy. Most diseases that run in the family are not strictly genetic.  Learn basic information about chromosomes.  Learn basic information about DNA.
Question: What is (are) Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia ?

Answer: Chronic neutrophilic leukemia is a disease in which too many blood stem cells become a type of white blood cell called neutrophils. Neutrophils are infection -fighting blood cells that surround and destroy dead cells and foreign substances (such as bacteria). The spleen and liver may swell because of the extra neutrophils. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia may stay the same or it may progress quickly to acute leukemia.
Question: What is the outlook for Primary Myelofibrosis ?

Answer: Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options for primary myelofibrosis. Prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the following:         - The age of the patient.    - The number of abnormal red blood cells and white blood cells.    - The number of blasts in the blood.    - Whether there are certain changes in the chromosomes.    - Whether the patient has signs such as fever, night sweats, or weight loss.
Question: Is Syndactyly type 3 inherited ?

Answer: How is syndactyly type 3 inherited? Syndactyly type 3 has been shown to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that having only one mutated copy of the causative gene is sufficient to cause the condition. When an individual with an autosomal dominant condition has children, each child has a 50% (1 in 2) chance of inheriting the mutated gene and a 50% chance of inheriting the normal gene and being unaffected.
Question: How to diagnose Familial osteochondritis dissecans ?

Answer: How is osteochondritis dissecans diagnosed? A diagnosis of osteochondritis dissecans is usually suspected based on the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms. Additional testing can then be ordered to confirm the diagnosis. These test may include x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT scan). For more information about the diagnosis of osteochondritis dissecans, please click here.
Question: What are the treatments for Bethlem myopathy ?

Answer: How might Bethlem myopathy be treated? The treatment for Behtlem myopathy is symptomatic and supportive. This means that treatment is directed at the individual symptoms that are present in each case. There is no cure. In most cases, physical therapy, stretching exercises, splinting, and/or mobility aids are employed. In rare cases, surgery may be needed (i.e. for Achilles tendon contractures or scoliosis).
Question: What causes Menetrier disease ?

Answer: What causes Mntrier disease? The exact cause of Mntrier disease is unknown.  However, it has been associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in children and Heliobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in adults. In addition, some have suggested that overexpression of a type of growth factor called the transforming growth factor-, which is found in a specific part of the stomach, the superficial gastric epithelium, might play a role.
Question: What are the treatments for Tularemia ?

Answer: How is tularemia treated? The goal of treatment is to cure the infection with antibiotics. Streptomycin and tetracycline are commonly used to treat this infection. Once daily gentamycin treatment has been tried with excellent results as an alternative therapy to streptomycin. However, only a few cases have been studied to date. Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol can be used alone, but they are not considered a first-line treatment.
Question: How to diagnose Schnitzler syndrome ?

Answer: How is Schnitzler syndrome diagnosed? A diagnosis of Schnitzler syndrome is often suspected based on the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms identified through physical exam, laboratory studies (i.e. immunoelectrophoresis) and/or imaging studies. Additional testing should also be ordered to rule out other conditions that cause similar features. Medscape Reference's Web site offers more specific information on the diagnosis of Schnitzler syndrome. Please click on the link to access this resource.
Question: What are the symptoms of Tarsal tunnel syndrome ?

Answer: What symptoms are commonly seen in tarsal tunnel syndrome? The symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can vary from person to person. The most common symptom of tarsal tunnel syndrome is foot and ankle pain. Individuals may also experience a burning or tingling sensation and numbness. These symptoms may occur when a person stands, walks, or wears a particular type of shoe. Pain usually worsens during walking and is relieved by rest.
Question: What are the symptoms of Colpocephaly ?

Answer: What are the symptoms of colpocephaly? Colpocephaly is characterized by a small head circumference and in many cases, intellectual disability. Other signs and symptoms may include movement abnormalities, muscle spasms, and seizures. Poor vision, speech and language difficulties, deafness, and chorioretinitis have been described in individual cases. Cases of people with colpocephaly and normal neurological and motor development have also been described.
Question: What are the treatments for Gilbert syndrome ?

Answer: How might Gilbert syndrome be treated? Gilbert syndrome generally doesn't require treatment. The bilirubin levels in the blood may fluctuate over time, causing episodes of jaundice. However, the jaundice is usually mild and goes away on its own. In some cases, doctors may prescribe phenobarbital to lower extremely elevated bilirubin levels and reduce signs of jaundice. Phenobarbital administration usually alleviates signs of jaundice fairly quickly.
Question: Who is at risk for Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF)? ?

Answer: CHHF occurs in the Cochabamba region of Bolivia. 
Field workers 
                
Field workers are at greatest risk because of increased human contact with the reservoir rodent population. Sexual partners of field workers may be at greater risk as well. Laboratory infections have been frequently described with Arenaviruses and Chapare virus can certainly be transmitted to laboratory workers during manipulation of the virus especially during experimental infections of rodents.
Question: What are the symptoms of Overweight and Obesity ?

Answer: Weight gain usually happens over time. Most people know when they've gained weight. Some of the signs of overweight or obesity include:
                
Clothes feeling tight and needing a larger size.
                
The scale showing that you've gained weight.
                
Having extra fat around the waist.
                
A higher than normal body mass index and waist circumference. (For more information, go to "How Are Overweight and Obesity Diagnosed?")
Question: What are the treatments for Congenital Myasthenia ?

Answer: The possibilities for treatment depend on the specific subtype of congenital myasthenia. Most treatments attempt to improve the signaling between nerve cell and muscle. These drugs include pyridostigmine, fluoxetine, ephedrine, and 3,4-diaminopyridine. Treatments to alter the immune system are not used for this form of myasthenia. There are no treatments to cure the underlying genetic abnormality.
Question: What are the treatments for Vasculitis Syndromes of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems ?

Answer: Treatment for a vasculitis syndrome depends upon the specific diagnosis, which can be difficult, as some diseases have similar symptoms of vasculitis. Most of the syndromes respond well to steroid drugs, such as prednisolone. Some may also require treatment with an immunosuppressive drug, such as cyclophosphamide. Aneurysms involved with vasculitis can be treated surgfically.
Question: What are the treatments for Sjgren's Syndrome ?

Answer: There is no known cure for Sjgren's syndrome nor is there a specific treatment to restore gland secretion. Treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive. Moisture replacement therapies may ease the symptoms of dryness. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be used to treat musculoskeletal symptoms. For individuals with severe complications, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed.
Question: What are the treatments for Leigh's Disease ?

Answer: The most common treatment for Leigh's disease is thiamine or Vitamin B1. Oral sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate may also be prescribed to manage lactic acidosis. Researchers are currently testing dichloroacetate to establish its effectiveness in treating lactic acidosis. In individuals who have the X-linked form of Leighs disease, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet may be recommended.
Question: what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Pituitary Tumors ?

Answer: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research related to brain tumors, including pituitary tumors, in their laboratories at the NIH and also support research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Much of this research focuses on finding better ways to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure pituitary tumors.
Question: What are the treatments for Sotos syndrome ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of Sotos syndrome:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: Sotos Syndrome  - Genetic Testing Registry: Sotos' syndrome  - MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Increased Head Circumference   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: How many people are affected by Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome ?

Answer: Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome appears to be a rare condition, although its exact prevalence is unknown. This disorder may be underdiagnosed because it can be difficult to detect in people with mild signs and symptoms. As a result, most diagnoses are made in children with more severe features of the disorder. More than 150 people with Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome have been reported in the medical literature.
Question: What are the treatments for neuroferritinopathy ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of neuroferritinopathy:  - Gene Review: Gene Review: Neuroferritinopathy  - Genetic Testing Registry: Neuroferritinopathy   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care
Question: What are the treatments for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina ?

Answer: These resources address the diagnosis or management of gyrate atrophy:  - Baby's First Test  - Genetic Testing Registry: Ornithine aminotransferase deficiency   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care