um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
1.1 Hypertension
Lisinopril is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adult patients and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Programs Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
Lisinopril may be administered alone or with other antihypertensive agents [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14.1)].
1.2 Heart Failure
Lisinopril is indicated to reduce signs and symptoms of systolic heart failure [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14.2)].
1.3 Reduction of Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Lisinopril is indicated for the reduction of mortality in treatment of hemodynamically stable patients within 24 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Patients should receive, as appropriate, the standard recommended treatments such as thrombolytics, aspirin and beta-blockers [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14.3)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
For adjunctive treatment of: chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, andpreoperatively in acute angle-closure glaucoma where delay of surgery is desired in order to lowerintraocular pressure. Acetazolamide extended-release capsules are also indicated for the prevention or amelioration of symptomsassociated with acute mountain sickness despite gradual ascent.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets are indicated for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fosinopril sodium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
These fixed dose combinations are not indicated for initial therapy. (See
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
.)
In using fosinopril sodium and hydrochlorothiazide, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen-vascular disease. Available data are insufficient to show that fosinopril does not have a similar risk(see
WARNINGS: Neutropenia/Agranulocytosis
).
ACE inhibitors (for which adequate data are available) cause a higher rate of angioedema in black than in non-black patients (see
WARNINGS:
Head and Neck Angioedema
and
Intestinal
Angioedema
).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules, USP are indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive medications.
Diltiazem hydrochloride extended-release capsules, USP are indicated for the management of chronic stable angina and angina due to coronary artery spasm.
indications and usage
Terconazole Vaginal Cream is indicated for the local treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (moniliasis). As this product is effective only for vulvovaginitis caused by the genus Candida, the diagnosis should be confirmed by KOH smears and/or cultures.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist indicated as an adjunct to diet:
To reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, TG and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in adult patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia (
1.1).
For treatment of adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (
1.2).
Limitations of Use: Fenofibrate was not shown to reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (
5.1).
1.1 Primary Hypercholesterolemia or Mixed Dyslipidemia
Fenofibrate tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (Total-C), Triglycerides and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in adult patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia.
1.2 Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Fenofibrate tablets are also indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet for treatment of adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Improving glycemic control in diabetic patients showing fasting chylomicronemia will usually obviate the need for pharmacologic intervention.
Markedly elevated levels of serum triglycerides (e.g., > 2,000 mg/dL) may increase the risk of developing pancreatitis. The effect of fenofibrate therapy on reducing this risk has not been adequately studied.
1.3 Important Limitations of Use
Fenofibrate at a dose equivalent to 145 mg of
fenofibrate tablets was not shown to reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in a large, randomized controlled trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
[see
Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
INDICATIONS & USAGE
Methocarbamol tablets USP are indicated as an adjunct to rest, physical therapy, and other measures for the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. The mode of action of methocarbamol has not been clearly identified, but may be related to its sedative properties. Methocarbamol does not directly relax tense skeletal muscles in man.
INDICATIONS
AND
USAGE
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: DESOXYN tablets are indicated as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children over 6 years of age with a behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of this syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of comparatively recent origin. Nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning disability, and abnormal EEG may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction may or may not be warranted.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Buspirone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
The efficacy of buspirone hydrochloride tablets has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials of outpatients whose diagnosis roughly corresponds to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Many of the patients enrolled in these studies also had coexisting depressive symptoms and buspirone hydrochloride tablets relieved anxiety in the presence of these coexisting depressive symptoms. The patients evaluated in these studies had experienced symptoms for periods of 1 month to over 1 year prior to the study, with an average symptom duration of 6 months. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02) is described in the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, III
1 as follows:
Generalized, persistent anxiety (of at least 1 month continual duration), manifested by symptoms from three of the four following categories:
Motor tension: shakiness, jitteriness, jumpiness, trembling, tension, muscle aches, fatigability, inability to relax, eyelid twitch, furrowed brow, strained face, fidgeting, restlessness, easy startle.
Autonomic hyperactivity: sweating, heart pounding or racing, cold, clammy hands, dry mouth, dizziness, lightheadedness, paresthesias (tingling in hands or feet), upset stomach, hot or cold spells, frequent urination, diarrhea, discomfort in the pit of the stomach, lump in the throat, flushing, pallor, high resting pulse and respiration rate.
Apprehensive expectation: anxiety, worry, fear, rumination, and anticipation of misfortune to self or others.
Vigilance and scanning: hyperattentiveness resulting in distractibility, difficulty in concentrating, insomnia, feeling on edge, irritability, impatience.
The above symptoms would not be due to another mental disorder, such as a depressive disorder or schizophrenia. However, mild depressive symptoms are common in GAD.
The effectiveness of buspirone hydrochloride tablets in long-term use, that is, for more than 3 to 4 weeks, has not been demonstrated in controlled trials. There is no body of evidence available that systematically addresses the appropriate duration of treatment for GAD. However, in a study of long-term use, 264 patients were treated with buspirone hydrochloride tablets for 1 year without ill effect. Therefore, the physician who elects to use buspirone hydrochloride tablets for extended periods should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Mirtazapine Tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
The efficacy of mirtazapine in the treatment of major depressive disorder was established in 6- week controlled trials of outpatients whose diagnoses corresponded most closely to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-3rd edition (DSM-III) category of major depressive disorder (see
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
).
A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt, or suicidal ideation.
The effectiveness of mirtazapine in hospitalized depressed patients has not been adequately studied.
The efficacy of mirtazapine in maintaining a response in patients with major depressive disorder for up to 40 weeks following 8 to 12 weeks of initial open label treatment was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial. Nevertheless, the physician who elects to use mirtazapine for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient (See
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
).
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Levoleucovorin for injection is indicated for:
rescue after high-dose methotrexate therapy in adult and pediatric patients with osteosarcoma.
diminishing the toxicity associated with overdosage of folic acid antagonists or impaired methotrexate elimination in adult and pediatric patients.
the treatment of adults with metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with fluorouracil.
Limitations of Use
Levoleucovorin for injection is not indicated for pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia secondary to the lack of vitamin B12, because of the risk of progression of neurologic manifestations despite hematologic remission.
Levoleucovorin for injection is a folate analog indicated for:
Rescue after high-dose methotrexate therapy in adult and pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. (1)
Diminishing the toxicity associated with overdosage of folic acid antagonists or impaired methotrexate elimination in adult and pediatric patients. (1)
Treatment of adults with metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with fluorouracil. (1)
Limitations of Use:
Levoleucovorin for injection is not indicated for the treatment of pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemia secondary to lack of vitamin B12, because of the risk of progression of neurologic manifestations despite hematologic remission. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
DAURISMO is indicated, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for the treatment of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adult patients who are 75 years old or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy.
DAURISMO is a hedgehog pathway inhibitor indicated, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for the treatment of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adult patients who are 75 years old or who have comorbidities that preclude use of intensive induction chemotherapy. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
ELAHERE is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with folate receptor-alpha (FR) positive, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have received one to three prior systemic treatment regimens. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial.
ELAHERE is a folate receptor alpha (FR)-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate indicated for the treatment of adult patients with FR positive, platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have received one to three prior systemic treatment regimens. Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved test. (1, 2.1)
This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial. (1, 14)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ethambutol Hydrochloride Tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. It should not be used as the sole antituberculous drug, but should be used in conjunction with at least one other antituberculous drug. Selection of the companion drug should be based on clinical experience, considerations of comparative safety, and appropriate in vitro susceptibility studies. In patients who have not received previous antituberculous therapy, i.e., initial treatment, the most frequently used regimens have been the following:
Ethambutol hydrochloride, USP plus isoniazid
Ethambutol hydrochloride, USP plus isoniazid plus streptomycin
In patients who have received previous antituberculous therapy, mycobacterial resistance to other drugs used in initial therapy is frequent. Consequently, in such retreatment patients, ethambutol hydrochloride should be combined with at least one of the second line drugs not previously administered to the patient and to which bacterial susceptibility has been indicated by appropriate in vitro studies. Antituberculous drugs used with ethambutol hydrochloride have included cycloserine, ethionamide, pyrazinamide, viomycin and other drugs. Isoniazid, aminosalicylic acid, and streptomycin have also been used in multiple drug regimens. Alternating drug regimens have also been utilized.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
PARSABIV is indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis.
PARSABIV is a calcium-sensing receptor agonist indicated for:
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. (1)
Limitations of Use:
PARSABIV has not been studied in adult patients with parathyroid carcinoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, or with CKD who are not on hemodialysis and is not recommended for use in these populations.
Limitations of Use:
PARSABIV has not been studied in adult patients with parathyroid carcinoma, primary hyperparathyroidism, or with chronic kidney disease who are not on hemodialysis and is not recommended for use in these populations.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets and other antibacterial drugs, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to empiric selection of therapy.
Urinary Tract Infections
For the treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. It is recommended that initial episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections be treated with a single effective antibacterial agent rather than the combination.
Acute Otitis Media
For the treatment of acute otitis media in pediatric patients due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae when in the judgment of the physician sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets offer some advantage over the use of other antimicrobial agents. To date, there are limited data on the safety of repeated use of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets in pediatric patients under two years of age. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets are not indicated for prophylactic or prolonged administration in otitis media at any age.
Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis in Adults
For the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae when in the judgment of the physician sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets offer some advantage over the use of a single antimicrobial agent.
Shigellosis
For the treatment of enteritis caused by susceptible strains of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei when antibacterial therapy is indicated.
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
For the treatment of documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in individuals who are immunosuppressed and considered to be at an increased risk of developing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Traveler's Diarrhea in Adults
For the treatment of traveler's diarrhea due to susceptible strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Lamivudine and zidovudine tablets USP, a combination of 2 nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. (1)
Lamivudine and zidovudine tablets USP, a combination of 2 nucleoside analogues, is indicated in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Opium tincture is useful for the treatment of diarrhea.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Cyclobenzaprine HCl is indicated as an adjunct to rest and
physical therapy for relief of muscle spasm associated with acute, painful
musculoskeletal conditions.
Improvement is manifested by relief of muscle spasm and its associated signs
and symptoms, namely, pain, tenderness, limitation of motion, and restriction in
activities of daily living.
Cyclobenzaprine HCl should be used only for short periods
(up to two or three weeks) because adequate evidence of effectiveness for more
prolonged use is not available and because muscle spasm associated with acute,
painful musculoskeletal conditions is generally of short duration and specific
therapy for longer periods is seldom warranted.
Cyclobenzaprine HCl has not been found effective in the treatment of
spasticity associated with cerebral or spinal cord disease, or in children with
cerebral palsy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGEBECONASE AQ Nasal Spray is indicated for the relief of the
symptoms of seasonal or perennial allergic and nonallergic (vasomotor)
rhinitis.
Results from 2 clinical trials have shown that significant symptomatic relief
was obtained within 3days. However, symptomatic relief may not occur in some
patients for as long as 2weeks. BECONASE AQ Nasal Spray should not be continued
beyond 3weeks in the absence of significant symptomatic improvement. BECONASE
AQ Nasal Spray should not be used in the presence of untreated localized
infection involving the nasal mucosa.
BECONASE AQ Nasal Spray is also indicated for the prevention of recurrence of
nasal polyps following surgical removal.
Clinical studies have shown that treatment of the symptoms associated with
nasal polyps may have to be continued for several weeks or more before a
therapeutic result can be fully assessed. Recurrence of symptoms due to polyps
can occur after stopping treatment, depending on the severity of the disease.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Sevelamer carbonate tablets are indicated for the control of serum phosphorus in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis.
Pediatric use information is approved for Genzyme Corporations Renvela (sevelamer carbonate) tablets and Renvela (sevelamer carbonate) for oral suspension. However, due to Genzyme Corporations marketing exclusivity rights, these drug products are not labeled with that pediatric information.
2.Sevelamer carbonate tablet is a phosphate binder indicated for the control of serum phosphorus in adults with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Pregabalin capsules are indicatedfor:
Managementofneuropathicpain associated with diabeticperipheral neuropathy
M
anagementofpostherpeticneuralgia
Adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 17 years of age and older
M
anagementof fibromyalgia
M
anagementofneuropathicpain associated with spinal cord injury
Pediatric use information is approved for Pfizers LYRICA (pregabalin) Capsules and Oral Solution products. However, due to Pfizers marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.
Pregabalin capsules are indicated for:
Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) (1)
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) (1)
Adjunctive therapy for for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 17 years of age and older (1)
Fibromyalgia (1)
Neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury (1)