um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Selegiline Hydrochloride Tablets, USP are indicated as an adjunct in the management of Parkinsonian patients being treated with levodopa/carbidopa who exhibit deterioration in the quality of their response to this therapy. There is no evidence from controlled studies that selegiline has any beneficial effect in the absence of concurrent levodopa therapy.
Evidence supporting this claim was obtained in randomized controlled clinical investigations that compared the effects of added selegiline or placebo in patients receiving levodopa/carbidopa. Selegiline was significantly superior to placebo on all three principal outcome measures employed: change from baseline in daily levodopa/carbidopa dose, the amount of off time and patient self-rating of treatment success. Beneficial effects were also observed on other measures of treatment success (e.g., measures of reduced end of dose akinesia, decreased tremor and sialorrhea, improved speech and dressing ability and improved overall disability as assessed by walking and comparison to previous state).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Clindamycin is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria.
Clindamycin is also indicated in the treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci. Its use should be reserved for penicillin-allergic patients or other patients for whom, in the judgment of the physician, a penicillin is inappropriate. Because of the risk of colitis, as described in the BOXED WARNING, before selecting clindamycin, the physician should consider the nature of the infection and the suitability of less toxic alternatives (e.g., erythromycin).
Anaerobes: Serious respiratory tract infections such as empyema, anaerobic pneumonitis, and lung abscess; serious skin and soft tissue infections; septicemia; intra-abdominal infections such as peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess (typically resulting from anaerobic organisms resident in the normal gastrointestinal tract); infections of the female pelvis and genital tract such as endometritis, nongonococcal tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic cellulitis, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection.
Streptococci: Serious respiratory tract infections; serious skin and soft tissue infections.
Staphylococci: Serious respiratory tract infections; serious skin and soft tissue infections.
Pneumococci: Serious respiratory tract infections.
Bacteriologic studies should be performed to determine the causative organisms and their susceptibility to clindamycin.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of clindamycin HCl and other antibacterial drugs, clindamycin HCl capsules, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS OF NAPROXEN AND OTHER TREATMENT OPTIONS BEFORE DECIDING TO USE NAPROXEN TABLETS. USE THE LOWEST EFFECTIVE DOSE FOR THE SHORTEST DURATION CONSISTENT WITH INDIVIDUAL PATIENT TREATMENT GOALS (SEE WARNINGS: GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING, ULCERATION, AND PERFORATION).
NAPROXEN TABLETS ARE INDICATED:
FOR THE RELIEF OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
FOR THE RELIEF OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
FOR THE RELIEF OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
FOR THE RELIEF OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF JUVENILE ARTHRITIS
NAPROXEN TABLETS ARE ALSO INDICATED:
FOR RELIEF OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TENDONITIS
FOR RELIEF OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BURSITIS
FOR RELIEF OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE GOUT
FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN
FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
Uses
Antiseptic cleanser
Kills harmful bacteria and germs
First aid help prevent infection
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Prasugrel tablets is a P2Y
12 platelet inhibitor indicated for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome who are to be managed with PCI as follows:
Patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (
1.1).
Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when managed with either primary or delayed PCI (
1.1).
1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome
Prasugrel tablets is indicated to reduce the rate of thrombotic cardiovascular (CV) events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are to be managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as follows:
Patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when managed with primary or delayed PCI.
Prasugrel tablets has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke compared to clopidogrel. The difference between treatments was driven predominantly by MI, with no difference on strokes and little difference on CV death
[see Clinical Studies (
14)].
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Phentermine hydrochloride is indicated as a short-term (a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on exercise, behavioral modification and caloric restriction in the management of exogenous obesity for patients with an initial body mass index
30 kg/m
2, or
27 kg/m
2 in the presence of other risk factors (e.g., controlled hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia).
Below is a chart of body mass index (BMI) based on various heights and weights.
BMI is calculated by taking the patients weight, in kilograms (kg), divided by the patients height, in meters (m), squared. Metric conversions are as follows: pounds
2.2 = kg; inches x 0.0254 = meters.
The limited usefulness of agents of this class, including phentermine, [
see Clinical Pharmacology (
12.1
,
12.2
)] should be measured against possible risk factors inherent in their use such as those described below.
Phentermine hydrochlorideis a sympathomimetic amine anorectic indicated as a short-term adjunct (a few weeks) in a regimen of weight reduction based on exercise, behavioral modification and caloric restriction in the management of exogenous obesity for patients with an initial body mass index
30 kg/m
2, or
27 kg/m
2in the presence of other risk factors (e.g., controlled hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia).
The limited usefulness of agents of this class, including Phentermine hydrochloride, should be measured against possible risk factors inherent in their use.
59600473-figure-01
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
NEXLETOL is indicated as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who require additional lowering of LDL-C.
NEXLETOL is an adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who require additional lowering of LDL-C. (1)
Limitations of Use: The effect of NEXLETOL on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined. (1)
Limitations of Use
The effect of NEXLETOL on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride tablets is a combination of isosorbide dinitrate, a nitrate vasodilator, and hydralazine hydrochloride, an arteriolar vasodilator, indicated for:
the treatment of heart failure as an adjunct therapy to standard therapy in self-identified black patients to improve survival, prolong time to hospitalization for heart failure and to improve patient-reported functional status (1.1)
Limitations of use:
There is little experience in patients with NYHA class IV heart failure (1.2)
1.1 Treatment of Heart Failure in Self-identified Black Patients
Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of heart failure as an adjunct to standard therapy in self-identified black patients to improve survival, to prolong time to hospitalization for heart failure, and to improve patient-reported functional status.
1.2 Limitations of Use
There is little experience in patients with NYHA class IV heart failure.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], reserve oxycodone hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products):
Have not been tolerated or are not expected to be tolerated,
Have not provided adequate analgesia or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets are an opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. (1)
Limitations of Use (1)
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, reserve oxycodone hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid
analgesics or non-opioid combination products):
Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated,
Have not provided adequate analgesia or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution is a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (beta2-agonist) indicated for:
Long-term, twice daily (morning and evening) administration in the maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. (1.1)
Important limitations of use:
Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution is not indicated to treat acute deteriorations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (1.2, 5.2)
Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution is not indicated to treat asthma. (1.2)
1.1 Maintenance Treatment of COPD
Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution is indicated for the long-term, twice daily (morning and evening) maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution is for use by nebulization only.
1.2 Important Limitations of Use
Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution is not indicated to treat acute deteriorations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution is not indicated to treat asthma. The safety and effectiveness of arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution in asthma have not been established.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Estazolam tablets, USPare indicated for the short-term management of insomnia characterized by difficulty in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and/or early morning awakenings. Both outpatient studies and a sleep laboratory study have shown that estazolam administered at bedtime improved sleep induction and sleep maintenance (see
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
).
Because insomnia is often transient and intermittent, the prolonged administration of estazolam is generally neither necessary nor recommended. Since insomnia may be a symptom of several other disorders, the possibility that the complaint may be related to a condition for which there is a more specific treatment should be considered.
There is evidence to support the ability of estazolam to enhance the duration and quality of sleep for intervals up to 12 weeks (see
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
).
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Voriconazole tablets are azole antifungal indicated for the treatment of adults and pediatric patients aged 12 to 14 years weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg and those aged 15 years and older regardless of body weight with:
Invasive aspergillosis(
1.1)
Candidemia in non-neutropenics and other deep tissue
Candida infections (
1.2)
Esophageal candidiasis(
1.3)
Serious fungal infections caused by
Scedosporium apiospermum and
Fusarium species including
Fusarium solani, in patients intolerant of, or refractory to, other therapy (
1.4)
1.1 Invasive Aspergillosis
Voriconazole tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients (aged 12 to 14 years weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg and those aged 15 years and older regardless of body weight) for the treatment of invasive apergillosis (IA). In clinical trials, the majority of isolates recovered were
Aspergillus fumigatus. There was a small number of cases of culture-proven disease due to species of
Aspergillus other than
A. fumigatus[see
Clinical Studies (14.1, 14.5) and
Microbiology (12.4)].
1.2 Candidemia in Non-neutropenic Patients and Other Deep Tissue Candida Infections
Voriconazole tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients (aged 12 to 14 years weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg and those aged 15 years and older regardless of body weight) for the treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients and the following Candida infections: disseminated infections in skin and infections in abdomen, kidney, bladder wall, and wounds
[see
Clinical Studies (14.2, 14.5) and
Microbiology (12.4)].
1.3 Esophageal Candidiasis
Voriconazole tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients (aged 12 to 14 years weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg and those aged 15 years and older regardless of body weight) for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis (EC) in adults and pediatric patients aged 12 to 14 years weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg and those aged 15 years and older regardless of body weight
[see
Clinical Studies (14.3, 14.5) and
Microbiology (12.4)]
1.4 Scedosporiosis and Fusariosis
Voriconazole tablets are indicated for the treatment of serious fungal infections caused by
Scedosporium apiospermum (asexual form of Pseudallescheria boydii) and
Fusarium spp. including Fusarium solani, in adults and pediatric patients (aged 12 to 14 years weighing greater than or equal to 50 kg and those aged 15 years and older regardless of body weight) intolerant of, or refractory to, other therapy
[see
Clinical Studies (14.4) and
Microbiology (12.4)].
1.5 Usage
Specimens for fungal culture and other relevant laboratory studies (including histopathology) should be obtained prior to therapy to isolate and identify causative organism(s). Therapy may be instituted before the results of the cultures and other laboratory studies are known. However, once these results become available, antifungal therapy should be adjusted accordingly.
Additional pediatric use information is approved for PF PRISM C.V.s VFEND (voriconazole). However, due to PF PRISM C.V.s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that
information
.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Topiramate tablets are indicated for:
Epilepsy: initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 2 years of age and older (1.1); adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients 2 years of age and older (1.2)
Preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older (1.3)
1.1 Monotherapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 2 years of age and older.
1.2 Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients 2 years of age and older.
1.3 Migraine
Topiramate tablets are indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fluorouracil is indicated for the treatment of patients with:
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum
Adenocarcinoma of the Breast
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Fluorouracil is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum (1)
Adenocarcinoma of the Breast (1)
Gastric Adenocarcinoma (1)
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma(1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Maintenance of Normal Sinus Rhythm (Delay in AF/AFl Recurrence)
Dofetilide capsules are indicated for the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm (delay in time to recurrence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter [AF/AFl]) in patients with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter of greater than one week duration who have been converted to normal sinus rhythm. Because dofetilide can cause life threatening ventricular arrhythmias, it should be reserved for patients in whom atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter is highly symptomatic.
In general, antiarrhythmic therapy for atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter aims to prolong the time in normal sinus rhythm. Recurrence is expected in some patients (see
CLINICAL STUDIES
).
Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter
Dofetilide capsules are indicated for the conversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm.
Dofetilide capsules has not been shown to be effective in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
1 INDICATIONS & USAGE
Duloxetine delayed-release capsulesare indicated for the treatment of:
Major Depressive Disorder [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]
Generalized Anxiety Disorder [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy [see Clinical Studies (14.3)]
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain [see Clinical Studies (14.5)]
Duloxetine delayed-release capsule is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) indicated for:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (1)
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain (DPNP) (1)
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Renvela (sevelamer carbonate) is indicated for the control of serum phosphorus in adults and children 6 years of age and older with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis.
Renvela is a phosphate binder indicated for the control of serum phosphorus in adults and
children 6 years of age and older
with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Phytonadione injectable emulsion, USP is indicated in the following coagulation disorders which are due to faulty formation of factors II, VII, IX and X when caused by Vitamin K deficiency or interference with Vitamin K activity.
Phytonadione injectable emulsion is indicated in
anticoagulant-induced prothrombin deficiency caused by coumarin or indanedione derivatives;
prophylaxis and therapy of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn;
hypoprothrombinemia due to antibacterial therapy;
hypoprothrombinemia secondary to factors limiting absorption or synthesis of Vitamin K, e.g., obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, sprue, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, intestinal resection, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and regional enteritis;
other drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia where it is definitely shown that the result is due to interference with phytonadione injectable emulsion metabolism, e.g., salicylates.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
DENAVIR is a deoxynucleoside analog HSV DNA polymerase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) in adults and children 12 years of age or older.
DENAVIR is a deoxynucleoside analog HSV DNA polymerase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) in adults and pediatric patients12 years of age and older. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Omegaven is indicated as a source of calories and fatty acids in pediatric patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).
Limitations of Use:
Omegaven is not indicated for the prevention of PNAC. It has not been demonstrated that Omegaven prevents PNAC in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent patients [see Clinical Studies (14)].
It has not been demonstrated that the clinical outcomes observed in patients treated with Omegaven are a result of the omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio of the product [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Omegaven is indicated as a source of calories and fatty acids in pediatric patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC). (1)
Limitations of Use:
Omegaven is not indicated for the prevention of PNAC. It has not been demonstrated that Omegaven prevents PNAC in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent patients. (1)
It has not been demonstrated that the clinical outcomes observed in patients treated with Omegaven are a result of the omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio of the product. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Eplerenone tablets is an aldosterone antagonist indicated for:
Improving survival of stable patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after an acute myocardial infarction. (1.1)
The treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. (1.2)
1.1 Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction
Eplerenone tablets are indicated to improve survival of stable patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (40%) (HFrEF) after an acute myocardial infarction (MI).
1.2 Hypertension
Eplerenone tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and MI. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive CV risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Programs Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce CV morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent CV outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in MI and CV mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased CV risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
Eplerenone tablets may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.