um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (XL) is an aminoketone antidepressant, indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and prevention of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Periodically reevaluate long-term usefulness for the individual patient. (1)
1.1 Major Depressive Disorder
Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (XL) are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).
The efficacy of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion was established in two 4-week controlled inpatient trials and one 6-week controlled outpatient trial of adult patients with MDD. The efficacy of the sustained-release formulation of bupropion in the maintenance treatment of MDD was established in a long-term (up to 44 weeks), placebo-controlled trial in patients who had responded to bupropion in an 8-week study of acute treatment [see
Clinical Studies (14.1)
].
1.2 Seasonal Affective Disorder
Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (XL) are indicated for the prevention of seasonal major depressive episodes in patients with a diagnosis of seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
The efficacy of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets in the prevention of seasonal major depressive episodes was established in 3 placebo-controlled trials in adult outpatients with a history of MDD with an autumn-winter seasonal pattern as defined in the DSM [see
Clinical Studies (14.2)
].
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Carisoprodol Tablets are indicated for the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions in adults.
Carisoprodol Tablets should only be used for short periods (up to two or three weeks) because adequate evidence of effectiveness for more prolonged use has not been established and because acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions are generally of short duration [see
Dosage and Administration (2)
].
Carisoprodol Tablets are indicated for the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions in adults. (1)
Limitations of Use:
Should only be used for acute treatment periods up to two or three weeks (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Buspirone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
The efficacy of buspirone hydrochloride tablets has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials of outpatients whose diagnosis roughly corresponds to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Many of the patients enrolled in these studies also had coexisting depressive symptoms and buspirone hydrochloride tablets relieved anxiety in the presence of these coexisting depressive symptoms. The patients evaluated in these studies had experienced symptoms for periods of 1 month to over 1 year prior to the study, with average symptom duration of 6 months. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02) is described in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, III1 as follows:
Generalized, persistent anxiety (of at least 1 month continual duration), manifested by symptoms from three of the four following categories:
Motor tension:
shakiness, jitteriness, jumpiness, trembling, tension, muscle aches, fatigability, inability to relax, eyelid twitch, furrowed brow, strained face, fidgeting, restlessness, easy startle.
Autonomic hyperactivity:sweating, heart pounding or racing, cold, clammy hands, dry mouth, dizziness, lightheadedness, paresthesias (tingling in hands or feet), upset stomach, hot or cold spells, frequent urination, diarrhea, discomfort in the pit of the stomach, lump in the throat, flushing, pallor, high resting pulse and respiration rate.
Apprehensive expectation:anxiety, worry, fear, rumination, and anticipation of misfortune to self or others.
Vigilance and scanning:
hyperattentiveness resulting in distractibility, difficulty in concentrating, insomnia, feeling "on edge," irritability, impatience.
The above symptoms would not be due to another mental disorder, such as a depressive disorder or schizophrenia. However, mild depressive symptoms are common in GAD.
The effectiveness of buspirone hydrochloride tablets in long-term use, that is, for more than 3 to 4 weeks, has not been demonstrated in controlled trials. There is no body of evidence available that systematically addresses the appropriate duration of treatment for GAD. However, in a study of long-term use, 264 patients were treated with buspirone hydrochloride tablets for 1 year without ill effect. Therefore, the physician who elects to use buspirone hydrochloride tablets for extended periods should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Levetiracetam oral solution is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older (1.1)
Levetiracetam oral solution is indicated for adjunctive therapy for the treatment of:
Myoclonic seizures in patients 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (1.2)
Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (1.3)
1.1 Partial-Onset Seizures
Levetiracetam oral solution is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older.
1.2 Myoclonic Seizures in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Levetiracetam oral solution is indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of myoclonic seizures in patients 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
1.3 Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Levetiracetam oral solution is indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Acromegaly
Octreotide acetate injection is indicated to reduce blood levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1; somatomedin C) in acromegaly patients who have had inadequate response to or cannot be treated with surgical resection, pituitary irradiation, and bromocriptine mesylate at maximally tolerated doses. The goal is to achieve normalization of GH and IGF-1 (somatomedin C) levels (see
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
). In patients with acromegaly, octreotide acetate injection reduces GH to within normal ranges in 50% of patients and reduces IGF-1 (somatomedin C) to within normal ranges in 50% to 60% of patients. Since the effects of pituitary irradiation may not become maximal for several years, adjunctive therapy with octreotide acetate injection to reduce blood levels of GH and IGF-1 (somatomedin C) offers potential benefit before the effects of irradiation are manifested.
Improvement in clinical signs and symptoms, or reduction in tumor size or rate of growth, were not shown in clinical trials performed with octreotide acetate injection; these trials were not optimally designed to detect such effects.
Carcinoid Tumors
Octreotide acetate injection is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors where it suppresses or inhibits the severe diarrhea and flushing episodes associated with the disease.
Octreotide acetate injection studies were not designed to show an effect on the size, rate of growth, or development of metastases.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Tumors (VIPomas)
Octreotide acetate injection is indicated for the treatment of the profuse watery diarrhea associated with VIP-secreting tumors. Octreotide acetate injection studies were not designed to show an effect on the size, rate of growth, or development of metastases.
Indications and Usage
Baclofen tablets, USP are useful for the alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, particularly for the relief of flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus, and muscular rigidity.
Patients should have reversible spasticity so that baclofen treatment will aid in restoring residual function. Baclofen tablets, USP may also be of some value in patients with spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases.
Baclofen tablets, USP are not indicated in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders.
The efficacy of baclofen in stroke, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease has not been established and, therefore, it is not recommended for these conditions.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Jaimiess is indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy.
Jaimiess is an estrogen/progestin COC indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy.(1)
INDICATIONS & USAGE
Magnesium sulfate in water for injection is indicated for the prevention and control of seizures in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, respectively.
When used judiciously it effectively prevents and controls the convulsions of eclampsia without producing deleterious depression of the central nervous system of the mother or infant.
However, other effective drugs are available for this purpose.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
MS CONTIN is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate.
MS CONTIN is an opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. (1)
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death with extended-release opioid formulations, reserve MS CONTIN for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or immediate-release opioids) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. (1)
MS CONTIN is not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic. (1)
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death with extended-release opioid formulations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], reserve MS CONTIN for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or immediate-release opioids) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain.
MS CONTIN is not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
RENAGEL (sevelamer
hydrochloride) is indicated for the control of serum phosphorus in patients with
chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. The safety and efficacy of Renagel in CKD
patients who are not on dialysis have not been studied.
Renagel is a
Registered Trademark of Genzyme Corporation.
Renagel is a phosphate binder indicated for the
control of serum phosphorus in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.
( )
1
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Cyanocobalamin is indicated for Vitamin B
12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions:
Addisonian (pernicious) anemia
Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery, including gluten enteropathy or sprue, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, total or partial gastrectomy
Fish tapeworm infestation
Malignancy of pancreas or bowel
Folic acid deficiency
It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see
Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions
), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue. Such measures remove the need for long-term administration of cyanocobalamin.
Requirements of Vitamin B
12 in excess of normal (due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, hepatic and renal disease) can usually be met with oral supplementation.
Cyanocobalamin injection is also suitable for the Vitamin B
12 absorption test (Schilling test).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Diazepam rectal gel is intended for the acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity (i.e., seizure clusters, acute repetitive seizures) that are distinct from a patients usual seizure pattern in patients with epilepsy 2 years of age and older.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Topiramate tablets USP is indicated for:
Monotherapy
epilepsy: Initial monotherapy in patients
2 years of age with
partial onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (
1.1)
Adjunctive therapy
epilepsy: Adjunctive therapy for adults and pediatric patients (2 to 16
years of age) with partial onset seizures or primary generalized
tonic-clonic seizures, and in patients 2 years of age with seizures
associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) (
1.2)
Prophylaxis of
migraine in patients 12 years of age and older (
1.3)
1.1 Monotherapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets USP are indicated as initial monotherapy in patients 2 years of age and older with partial onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
1.2 Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for adults and pediatric patients 2 to 16 years of age with partial onset seizures or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and in patients 2 years of age and older with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
1.3 Migraine
Topiramate tablets are indicated for patients 12 years of age and older for the prophylaxis of migraine headache.
1
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Guanfacine extended-releasetablets areindicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy to stimulant medications [see Clinical Studies (
14
)].
Guanfacine extended-release is a central alpha2A-adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy to stimulant medications (1, 14).
1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Cephalexin capsules are a cephalosporin antibacterial drug indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible isolates of designated bacteria:
Respiratory tract infection (1.1)
Otitis media (1.2)
Skin and skin structure infections (1.3)
Bone infections (1.4)
Genitourinary tract infections (1.5)
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of cephalexin capsules and other antibacterial drugs, cephalexin capsules should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (1.6)
1.1 Respiratory Tract Infections
Cephalexin capsules are indicated for the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible isolates of
Streptococcus pneumoniae and
Streptococcus pyogenes.
1.2 Otitis Media
Cephalexin capsules are indicated for the treatment of otitis media caused by susceptible isolates of
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and
Moraxella catarrhalis.
1.3 Skin and Skin Structure Infections
Cephalexin capsules are indicated for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections caused by susceptible isolates of the following Gram-positive bacteria:
Staphylococcus aureus and
Streptococcus pyogenes.
1.4 Bone Infections
Cephalexin capsules are indicated for the treatment of bone infections caused by susceptible isolates of
Staphylococcus aureus and
Proteus mirabilis.
1.5 Genitourinary Tract Infections
Cephalexin capsules are indicated for the treatment of genitourinary tract infections, including acute prostatitis, caused by susceptible isolates of
Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
1.6 Usage
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of cephalexin capsules and other antibacterial drugs, cephalexin capsules should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information is available, this information should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fentanyl transdermal system is indicated for the management of pain in opioid-tolerant patients, severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate.
Patients considered opioid-tolerant are those who are taking, for one week or longer, at least 60mg morphine per day, 25 mcg transdermal fentanyl per hour, 30 mg oral oxycodone per day, 8 mg oral hydromorphone per day, 25 mg oral oxymorphone per day, 60 mg oral hydrocodone per day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death with extended-release/long-acting opioid formulations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], reserve fentanyl transdermal system for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or immediate-release opioids) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain.
Fentanyl transdermal system is not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic.
Fentanyl transdermal system contains fentanyl, an opioid agonist, and is indicated for the management of pain in opioid-tolerant patients, severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. (1)
Patients considered opioid-tolerant are those taking, for one week or longer, at least 60 mg oral morphine per day, 25 mcg transdermal fentanyl per hour, 30 mg oral oxycodone per day, 8 mg oral hydromorphone per day, 25 mg oral oxymorphone per day, 60 mg oral hydrocodone per day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid. (2.1)
Limitations of use:
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death with extended-release opioid formulations, reserve fentanyl transdermal system for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or immediate-release opioids) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. (1)
Fentanyl transdermal system is not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Lacosamide tablets are indicated for:
Treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 4 years of age and older (1.1)
1.1 Partial-Onset Seizures
Lacosamide tablets are indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 4 years of age and older.
Additional pediatric use information is approved for UCB, Inc.s VIMPAT (lacosamide) tablets. However, due to UCB, Inc.s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Lorazepamtablets are
indicated for the
management of
anxiety disorders or for
the short-term relief of the
symptoms of
anxiety or
anxiety associated with depressive symptoms. Anxiety or
tension associated with the
stress of
everyday life
usually does not require treatment with an
anxiolytic.
The
effectiveness of lo razepam tabletsin
long-term use, that is, more than 4
months, has not
been assessed by
systematic clinical studies. The
physician should periodically reassess the
usefulness of the drug for the
individual patient.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE:
This drug is indicated in amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding due to hormonal imbalance in the absence of organic pathology, such as submucous fibroids or uterine cancer.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Emtricitabine is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Emtricitabine, a nucleoside analog HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. (
1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Atropine sulfate is given parenterally as a preanesthetic medication to decrease salivation and bronchial secretions. It is useful in pylorospasm and other spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. For ureteral and biliary colic, atropine sulfate given with morphine may be indicated. Atropine sulfate is indicated for relaxation of the upper gastrointestinal tract and colon during hypotonic radiography.Atropine is used as an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of aminata and in poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare nerve gases. Large doses relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central nervous system manifestations.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Azacitidine for injection is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for the treatment of:
Adult patients with the following FAB myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) subtypes: Refractory anemia (RA) or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) (if accompanied by neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or requiring transfusions), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL). (1.1)
1.1 Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Azacitidine for injectionis indicated for treatment of patients with the following French-American-British (FAB) myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes: refractory anemia (RA) or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (if accompanied by neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or requiring transfusions), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB), refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL).
Pediatric use information is approved for Celgene Corporation's Vidaza (azacitidine for injection). However, due to Celgene Corporation's marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that information.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Epilepsy
Carbamazepine is indicated for use as an anticonvulsant drug. Evidence supporting efficacy of carbamazepine as an anticonvulsant was derived from active drug-controlled studies that enrolled patients with the following seizure types:
1. Partial seizures with complex symptomatology (psychomotor, temporal lobe). Patients with these seizures appear to show greater improvement than those with other types.
2. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal).
3. Mixed seizure patterns which include the above, or other partial or generalized seizures. Absence seizures (petit mal) do not appear to be controlled by carbamazepine (see PRECAUTIONS, General).
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Carbamazepine is indicated in the treatment of the pain associated with true trigeminal neuralgia.
Beneficial results have also been reported in glossopharyngeal neuralgia.
This drug is not a simple analgesic and should not be used for the relief of trivial aches or pains.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Mometasone furoate cream 0.1% is a corticosteroid indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients
2 years of age. (1)
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of nabumetone tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use nabumetone tablets. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS).
Nabumetone tablets are indicated for relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.