um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Clonazepam tablets, USP are useful alone or as an adjunct in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures. In patients with absence seizures (petit mal) who have failed to respond to succinimides, clonazepam may be useful.
Seizure Disorders:
In some studies, up to 30% of patients have shown a loss of anticonvulsant activity, often within 3 months of administration. In some cases, dosage adjustment may reestablish efficacy.
Clonazepam tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, as defined in DSM-IV. Panic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of unexpected panic attacks and associated concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequences of the attacks, and/or a significant change in behavior related to the attacks.
Panic Disorder:
The efficacy of clonazepam was established in two 6- to 9-week trials in panic disorder patients whose diagnoses corresponded to the DSM-IIIR category of panic disorder (see ).
CLlNICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials
Panic disorder (DSM-IV) is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, ie, a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which four (or more) of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes: (1) palpitations, pounding heart or accelerated heart rate; (2) sweating; (3) trembling or shaking; (4) sensations of shortness of breath or smothering; (5) feeling of choking; (6) chest pain or discomfort; (7) nausea or abdominal distress; (8) feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint; (9) derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself); (10) fear of losing control; (11) fear of dying; (12) paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations); (13) chills or hot flushes.
The effectiveness of clonazepam in long-term use, that is, for more than 9 weeks, has not been systematically studied in controlled clinical trials. The physician who elects to use clonazepam for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient (see ).
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
1.6 Uncomplicated Cervical and Urethral Gonorrhea
Ciprofloxacin tablets are indicated in adult patients for treatment of uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae [see
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS (
5.17].
Indications and Usage
Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
The efficacy of bupropion in the treatment of a major depressive episode was established in two 4-week controlled trials of depressed inpatients and in one 6-week controlled trial of depressed outpatients whose diagnoses corresponded most closely to the Major Depression category of the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies the presence of 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure; in addition, at least 5 of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning: depressed mood, markedly diminished interest or pleasure in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation.
The efficacy of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) in maintaining an antidepressant response for up to 44 weeks following 8 weeks of acute treatment was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). Nevertheless, the physician who elects to use bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
INSPRA is an aldosterone antagonist indicated for:
Improving survival of stable patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after an acute myocardial infarction. (1.1)
The treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. (1.2)
1.1	Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction
INSPRA is indicated to improve survival of stable patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (40%) (HFrEF) after an acute myocardial infarction (MI).
1.2	Hypertension
INSPRA is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, primarily strokes and MI. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive CV risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce CV morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent CV outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in MI and CV mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased CV risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
INSPRA may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION
Hydrochlorothiazide capsules are indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent, or in combination with other antihypertensives. Unlike potassium sparing combination diuretic products, hydrochlorothiazide capsules may be used in those patients in whom the development of hyperkalemia cannot be risked, including patients taking ACE inhibitors.
Usage in Pregnancy: The routine use of diuretics in an otherwise healthy woman is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. Diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy, and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of developed toxemia.
Edema during pregnancy may arise from pathological causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. Diuretics are indicated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as they are in the absence of pregnancy. Dependent edema in pregnancy resulting from restriction of venous return by the expanded uterus is properly treated through elevation of the lower extremities and use of support hose; use of diuretics to lower intravascular volume in this case is illogical and unnecessary. There is hypervolemia during normal pregnancy which is harmful to neither the fetus nor the mother (in the absence of cardiovascular disease), but which is associated with edema, including generalized edema in the majority of pregnant women. If this edema produces discomfort, increased recumbency will often provide relief. In rare instances this edema may cause extreme discomfort which is not relieved by rest. In these cases a short course of diuretics may provide relief and may be appropriate.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for:
Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) indicated for the following:
Short-Term Treatment of Erosive Esophagitis Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (
1.1
)
Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis (
1.2
)
Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions Including Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) Syndrome (
1.3
)
1.1 Short-Term Treatment of Erosive Esophagitis Associated With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated in adults and pediatric patients five years of age and older for the short-term treatment (up to 8 weeks) in the healing and symptomatic relief of erosive esophagitis (EE). For those adult patients who have not healed after 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 8 week course of pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets may be considered. Safety of treatment beyond 8 weeks in pediatric patients has not been established.
1.2 Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis
Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for maintenance of healing of EE and reduction in relapse rates of daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms in adult patients with GERD. Controlled studies did not extend beyond 12 months.
1.3 Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions Including Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets are indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) Syndrome.
INDICATIONS & USAGE
Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of metabolic acidosis which may occur in severe renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes, circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration, extracorporeal circulation of blood, cardiac arrest and severe primary lactic acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate is further indicated in the treatment of certain drug intoxications, including barbiturates (where dissociation of the barbiturate-protein complex is desired), in poisoning by salicylates or methyl alcohol and in hemolytic reactions requiring alkalinization of the urine to diminish nephrotoxicity of hemoglobin and its breakdown products. Sodium bicarbonate also is indicated in severe diarrhea which is often accompanied by a significant loss of bicarbonate.
Treatment of metabolic acidosis should, if possible, be superimposed on measures designed to control the basic cause of the acidosis
e.g., insulin in uncomplicated diabetes, blood volume restoration in shock. But since an appreciable time interval may elapse before all of the ancillary effects are brought about, bicarbonate therapy is indicated to minimize risks inherent to the acidosis itself.
Vigorous bicarbonate therapy is required in any form of metabolic acidosis where a rapid increase in plasma total CO2 content is crucial
e.g., cardiac arrest, circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration, and in severe primary lactic acidosis or severe diabetic acidosis.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Cinacalcet tablets are a positive modulator of the calcium sensing receptor indicated for:
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. (1.1)
Limitations of Use: Cinacalcet tablets are not indicated for use in patients with CKD who are not on dialysis.
Hypercalcemia in adultpatients with Parathyroid Carcinoma (PC). (1.2)
Hypercalcemia in adult patients with primary HPT for whom parathyroidectomy would be indicated on the basis of serum calcium levels, but who are unable to undergo parathyroidectomy. (1.3)
1.1
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Cinacalcet tablets are indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
Limitations of Use:
Cinacalcet tablets are not indicated for use in patients with CKD who are not on dialysis because of an increased risk of hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
1.2
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Cinacalcet tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypercalcemia in adult patients with Parathyroid Carcinoma [see
Clinical Studies (14.2)
].
1.3 Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Cinacalcet tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypercalcemia in adult patients with primary HPT for whom parathyroidectomy would be indicated on the basis of serum calcium levels, but who are unable to undergo parathyroidectomy [see Clinical Studies (14.3)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Herpes Zoster Infections: acyclovir is indicated for the acute treatment of herpes zoster (shingles).
Genital Herpes: acyclovir is indicated for the treatment of initial episodes and the management of recurrent episodes of genital herpes.
Chickenpox: acyclovir is indicated for the treatment of chickenpox (varicella).
1 INDICATIONS & USAGE
Finasteride tabletsisindicatedforthetreatmentofmalepatternhairloss(androgeneticalopecia)in
MEN ONLY.
Efficacy in bitemporal recession has not been established.
Finasteride tablets is not indicatedfor use in women.
Finasteride tablets isa5-reductaseinhibitorindicatedforthetreatment ofmalepatternhairloss(androgenetic alopecia)in
MENONLY
(
1).
Finasteride tablets isnotindicatedforusein women (
1,
4,
5.1).
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Estradiol transdermal system is indicated for:
Estradiol transdermal system is an estrogen indicated for:
Treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms due to menopause (1.1)
Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis (1.2)
Limitations of Use
When prescribing solely for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, first consider the use of non-estrogen medications. Consider estrogen therapy only for women at significant risk of osteoporosis.
1.1 Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Due to Menopause
1.2 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Limitation of Use
When prescribing solely for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, first consider the use of non-estrogen medications. Consider estrogen therapy only for women at significant risk of osteoporosis.
1 INDICATIONS & USAGE
Sildenafil tablets are indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Sildenafil tablets are phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) (1)
Indications and Usage
Promethazine hydrochloride injection is indicated for the following conditions:
Amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma.
In anaphylaxis as an adjunct to epinephrine and other standard measures after the acute symptoms have been controlled.
For other uncomplicated allergic conditions of the immediate type when oral therapy is impossible or contraindicated.
For sedation and relief of apprehension and to produce light sleep from which the patient can be easily aroused.
Active treatment of motion sickness.
Prevention and control of nausea and vomiting associated with certain types of anesthesia and surgery.
As an adjunct to analgesics for the control of postoperative pain.
Preoperative, postoperative, and obstetric (during labor) sedation.
Intravenously in special surgical situations, such as repeated bronchoscopy, ophthalmic surgery, and poor-risk patients, with reduced amounts of meperidine or other narcotic analgesic as an adjunct to anesthesia and analgesia.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Doxycycline is a tetracycline-class drug indicated for the treatment of only inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea in adult patients. (1.1)
Limitations of Use
This formulation of doxycycline has not been evaluated in the treatment or prevention of infections. Do not use Doxycycline for treating bacterial infections, providing antibacterial prophylaxis, or reducing the numbers or eliminating microorganisms associated with any bacterial disease. (1.2) Doxycycline has not been evaluated for the treatment of the erythematous, telangiectatic, or ocular components of rosacea. (1.2)
1.1 Indication
Doxycycline
is indicated for the treatment of only inflammatory lesions (papules and pustules) of rosacea in adult patients. No meaningful effect was demonstrated for generalized erythema (redness) of rosacea.
1.2 Limitations of Use
This formulation of doxycycline has not been evaluated in the treatment or prevention of infections. Do not use Doxycycline
for treating bacterial infections, providing antibacterial prophylaxis, or reducing the numbers or eliminating microorganisms associated with any bacterial disease. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria as well as to maintain the effectiveness of other antibacterial drugs, Doxycycline
should be used only as indicated.
Doxycycline has not been evaluated for the treatment of the erythematous, telangiectatic, or ocular components of rosacea.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
TAGRISSO is a kinase inhibitor indicated for:
as adjuvant therapy after tumor resection in adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test (1.1, 2.1)
the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors have EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test. (1.2, 2.1)
the treatment of adult patients with metastatic EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC, as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has progressed on or after EGFR TKI therapy. (1.3, 2.1)
1.1 Adjuvant Treatment of EGFR Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
TAGRISSO is indicated as adjuvant therapy after tumor resection in adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
1.2 First-line Treatment of EGFR Mutation-Positive Metastatic NSCLC
TAGRISSO is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors have EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 L858R mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
1.3 Previously Treated EGFR T790M Mutation-Positive Metastatic NSCLC
TAGRISSO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic EGFR T790M mutation-positive NSCLC, as detected by an FDA-approved test, whose disease has progressed on or after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
For the management of schizophrenia.
Trifluoperazine hydrochloride is effective for the short-term treatment of generalized non-psychotic anxiety. However, trifluoperazine hydrochloride is not the first drug to be used in therapy for most patients with non-psychotic anxiety because certain risks associated with its use are not shared by common alternative treatments (i.e., benzodiazepines).
When used in the treatment of non-psychotic anxiety, trifluoperazine hydrochloride tablets should not be administered at doses of more than 6 mg per day or for longer than 12 weeks because the use of trifluoperazine hydrochloride tablets at higher doses or for longer intervals may cause persistent tardive dyskinesia that may prove irreversible (see WARNINGS).
The effectiveness of trifluoperazine hydrochloride as a treatment for non-psychotic anxiety was established in a 4-week clinical multicenter study of outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder (DSM-III). This evidence does not predict that trifluoperazine hydrochloride tablets will be useful in patients with other non-psychotic conditions in which anxiety, or signs that mimic anxiety, are found (i.e., physical illness, organic mental conditions, agitated depression, character pathologies, etc.).
Trifluoperazine hydrochloride has not been shown effective in the management of behavioral complications in patients with mental retardation.
1.2 Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Chronic Stable Angina
Amlodipine besylate tablet, USPis indicated for the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina. Amlodipine besylate tablet, USP may be used alone or in combination with other antianginal agents.
Vasospastic Angina (Prinzmetals or Variant Angina)
Amlodipine besylate tablet, USPis indicated for the treatment of confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. Amlodipine besylate tablet, USPmay be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antianginal agents.
Angiographically Documented CAD
In patients with recently documented CAD by angiography and without heart failure or an ejection fraction <40%, Amlodipine besylate tablet, USPis indicated to reduce the risk of hospitalization for angina and to reduce the risk of a coronary revascularization procedure.
INDICATIONS & USAGE
Vecuronium bromide for injection is indicated as an adjunct to general anesthesia, to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Valproic Acid Oral Solution, USP is indicated for:
Monotherapy and adjunctive therapy of complex partial seizures; sole and adjunctive therapy of simple and complex absence seizures; adjunctive therapy in patients with multiple seizure types that include absence seizures (
1)
1.1 Epilepsy
Valproic Acid Oral Solution, USP is indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with complex partial seizures that occur either in isolation or in association with other types of seizures. Valproic acid oral solution is indicated for use as sole and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of simple and complex absence seizures, and adjunctively in patients with multiple seizure types which include absence seizures.
Simple absence is defined as very brief clouding of the sensorium or loss of consciousness accompanied by certain generalized epileptic discharges without other detectable clinical signs. Complex absence is the term used when other signs are also present.
See
Warnings and Precautions (
5.1)
for statement regarding fatal hepatic dysfunction.
1.2 Important Limitations
Because of the risk to the fetus of decreased IQ, neurodevelopmental disorders, neural tube defects, and other major congenital malformations, which may occur very early in pregnancy, valproate should not be used to treat women with epilepsy or bipolar disorder who are pregnant or who plan to become pregnant unless other medications have failed to provide adequate symptom control or are otherwise unacceptable. Valproate should not be administered to a woman of childbearing potential unless other medications have failed to provide adequate symptom control or are otherwise unacceptable [
see Warnings and Precautions (
5.2,
5.3,
5.4)
,
Use in Specific Populations (
8.1)
, and
Patient Counseling Information (
17)
].
For prophylaxis of migraine headaches, valproate is contraindicated in women who are pregnant and in women of childbearing potential who are not using effective contraception
[see Contraindications (
4)]
.