um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
Prednisone tablets, USP are indicated in the following conditions:
Endocrine Disorders
Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance); congenital adrenal hyperplasia; hypercalcemia associated with cancer; nonsuppurative thyroiditis.
Rheumatic Disorders
As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation) in: psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (selected cases may require low-dose
maintenance therapy), ankylosing spondylitis, acute and subacute bursitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, acute gouty arthritis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, synovitis of osteoarthritis, epicondylitis.
Collagen Diseases
During an exacerbation or as maintenance therapy in selected cases of: systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic dermatomyositis (polymyositis),
acute rheumatic carditis.
Dermatologic Diseases
Pemphigus; bullous dermatitis herpetiformis; severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome); exfoliative dermatitis; mycosis fungoides; severe psoriasis; severe seborrheic dermatitis.
Allergic States
Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials
of conventional treatment: seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis; bronchial asthma; contact dermatitis; atopic dermatitis; serum sickness; drug hypersensitivity reactions.
Ophthalmic Diseases
Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory
processes involving the eye and its adnexa
such as: allergic corneal marginal ulcers, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior segment inflammation, diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis, sympathetic ophthalmia, allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis, iritis and iridocyclitis.
Respiratory Diseases
Symptomatic sarcoidosis; Loefflers syndrome not manageable by other means; berylliosis; fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy; aspiration pneumonitis.
Hematologic Disorders
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults; secondary thrombocytopenia in adults; acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia; erythroblastopenia (RBC anemia); congenital (erythroid) hypoplastic anemia.
Neoplastic Diseases
For palliative management of: leukemias and lymphomas in adults, acute leukemia of childhood.
Edematous States
To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus.
Gastrointestinal Diseases
To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in: ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis.
Miscellaneous
Tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy; trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement.
Hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy.
Hydrochlorothiazide tablets have also been found useful in edema due to various forms of renal dysfunction such as nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, and chronic renal failure.
Hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension.
Use in Pregnancy
Routine use of diuretics during normal pregnancy is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. Diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of toxemia.
Edema during pregnancy may arise from pathologic causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. Thiazides are indicated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as they are in the absence of pregnancy (see PRECAUTIONS, Pregnancy). Dependent edema in pregnancy, resulting from restriction of venous return by the gravid uterus, is properly treated through elevation of the lower extremities and use of support stockings. Use of diuretics to lower intravascular volume in this instance is illogical and unnecessary. During normal pregnancy there is hypervolemia which is not harmful to the fetus or the mother in the absence of cardiovascular disease. However, it may be associated with edema, rarely generalized edema. If such edema causes discomfort, increased recumbency will often provide relief. Rarely this edema may cause extreme discomfort which is not relieved by rest. In these instances, a short course of diuretic therapy may provide relief and be appropriate.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tadalafil (PAH) is a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) to improve exercise ability. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominately patients with NYHA Functional Class II to III symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (61%) or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (23%).
(1.1)
1.1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Tadalafil (PAH) is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (WHO Group 1) to improve exercise ability. Studies establishing effectiveness included predominately patients with NYHA Functional Class II
III symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (61%) or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (23%).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Bacitracin Zinc Ophthalmic Ointment. USP is indicated for the topical treatment of superficial infections of the external eye and its adnexa caused by susceptible bacteria. Such infections encompass conjunctivitis, keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis, blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], reserve oxycodone hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products):
Have not been
tolerated or are not expected to be tolerated,
Have not provided adequate analgesia or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets are an opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. (1)
Limitations of Use (1)
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, reserve oxycodone hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or non-opioid combination products):
Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to
be tolerated,
Have not provided adequate analgesia or are not
expected to provide adequate analgesia.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
LOVAZA (omega-3-acid ethyl esters) is indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels in adult patients with severe (greater than or equal to 500 mg per dL) hypertriglyceridemia (HTG).
Usage Considerations: Patients should be placed on an appropriate lipid-lowering diet before receiving LOVAZA and should continue this diet during treatment with LOVAZA.
Laboratory studies should be done to ascertain that the lipid levels are consistently abnormal before instituting therapy with LOVAZA. Every attempt should be made to control serum lipids with appropriate diet, exercise, weight loss in obese patients, and control of any medical problems such as diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism that are contributing to the lipid abnormalities. Medications known to exacerbate hypertriglyceridemia (such as betablockers, thiazides, estrogens) should be discontinued or changed if possible prior to consideration of triglyceride-lowering drug therapy.
Limitations of Use:
The effect of LOVAZA on the risk for pancreatitis has not been determined.
The effect of LOVAZA on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has not been determined.
LOVAZA is a combination of ethyl esters of omega 3 fatty acids, principally EPA and DHA, indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels in adult patients with severe (500 mg/dL) hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). (1)
Limitations of Use:
The effect of LOVAZA on the risk for pancreatitis has not been determined. (1)
The effect of LOVAZA on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has not been determined. (1)
1 INDICATIONS & USAGE
1.1 Hypertension
Cardene I.V. (nicardipine hydrochloride) Premixed Injection is indicated for the short-term treatment of hypertension when oral therapy is not feasible or not desirable. For prolonged control of blood pressure, transfer patients to oral medication as soon as their clinical condition permits [see Dosage and Administration (
2-2.1)].
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Amitiza is a chloride channel activator indicated for the treatment of:
chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults. (1.1)
opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic, non-cancer pain, including patients with chronic pain related to prior cancer or its treatment who do not require frequent (e.g., weekly) opioid dosage escalation. (1.2)
Limitations of Use:
Effectiveness of Amitiza in the treatment of OIC in patients taking diphenylheptane opioids (e.g., methadone) has not been established. (1.2, 7.1)
irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in women
18 years old. (1.3)
1.1	Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in Adults
Amitiza is indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults.
1.2	Opioid-Induced Constipation in Adult Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain
Amitiza is indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain, including patients with chronic pain related to prior cancer or its treatment who do not require frequent (e.g., weekly) opioid dosage escalation.
Limitations of Use:
Effectiveness of Amitiza in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in patients taking diphenylheptane opioids (e.g., methadone) has not been established. [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]
1.3	Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation
Amitiza is indicated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) in women at least 18 years old.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
OXYCODONE HCl EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS are indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate in:
Adults; and
Opioid-tolerant pediatric patients 11 years of age and older who are already receiving and tolerate a minimum daily opioid dose of at least 20 mg oxycodone orally or its equivalent.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death with extended-release opioid formulations
[see Warnings and Precautions (
5.1
)], reserve OXYCODONE HCl EXTENDEDRELEASE TABLETS for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., nonopioid analgesics or immediate-release opioids) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain.
OXYCODONE HCl EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS are not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic.
OXYCODONE HCl EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS are an opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate in:
Adults; and
Opioid-tolerant pediatric patients 11 years of age and older who are already receiving and tolerate a minimum daily opioid dose of at least 20 mg oxycodone orally or its equivalent.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, and because of the greater risks of overdose and death with extended-release opioid formulations, reserve OXYCODONE HCl EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g. non-opioid analgesics or immediate-release opioids) are ineffective, not tolerated, or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain. (1)
OXYCODONE HCl EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS are not indicated as an as-needed (prn) analgesic. (1)
INDICATIONS
Based on a review of this drug by the National Academy of Sciences-National Research and/or other information, the FDA has classified the indications as follows:
Possibly Effective
For the relief of symptoms associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency.
In peripheral vascular disease of arteriosclerosis obliterans, thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) and Raynaud's disease.
Final classification of the less-than-effective indications requires further investigation.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion is a topical corticosteroid that is indicated for:
The treatment of inflammation and pain associated with ocular surgery. (1.1)
The treatment of endogenous anterior uveitis. (1.2)
1.1 Ocular
Surgery
Difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion, 0.05%, a topical corticosteroid, is indicated for the treatment of inflammation and pain associated with ocular surgery.
1.2 Endogenous Anterior Uveitis
Difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion, 0.05% is also indicated for the treatment of endogenous anterior uveitis.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Edema
Furosemide is indicated in adults and pediatric patients for the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide is particularly useful when an agent with greater diuretic potential is desired.
Hypertension
Oral furosemide may be used in adults for the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Hypertensive patients who cannot be adequately controlled with thiazides will probably also not be adequately controlled with furosemide alone.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Doxepin Tablets are indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep maintenance. The clinical trials performed in support of efficacy were up to 3 months in duration.
Doxepin tablets are indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep maintenance. (1, 14)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Perindopril erbumine tablets are indicated in patients with stable coronary artery disease to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality or non-fatal myocardial infarction. Perindopril erbumine tablets can be used with conventional treatment for management of coronary artery disease, such as antiplatelet, antihypertensive or lipid-lowering therapy.
Hypertension
Perindopril erbumine tablets are indicated for the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. Perindopril erbumine tablets may be used alone or given with other classes of antihypertensives, especially thiazide diuretics.
When using perindopril erbumine tablets, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease. Available data are insufficient to determine whether perindopril erbumine tablets has a similar potential. (See
WARNINGS
.)
In considering use of perindopril erbumine tablets, it should be noted that in controlled trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in nonblacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitor monotherapy have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to nonblacks. (See
WARNINGS:
Head and Neck Angioedema
.)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternate treatments are inadequate.
Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection [high potency formulation (HPF)] is indicated for use in opioid-tolerant patients who require higher doses of opioids for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternate treatments are inadequate.
Patients considered opioid tolerant are those who are taking for one week or longer, around-the-clock medicine consisting of at least 60 mg oral morphine per day, or at least 25 mcg transdermal fentanyl per hour, or at least 30 mg oral oxycodone per day, or at least 8 g oral hydromorphone per day, or at least 25 mg oral oxymorphone per day, or at least 60 mg oral hydrocodone per day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid for one week or longer. Patients must remain on around-the-clock opioids while administering hydromorphone hydrochloride injection (HPF).
Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection is an opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternate treatments are inadequate. (1)
Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection [high potency formulation (HPF)] is an opioid agonist indicated for use in opioid-tolerant patients who require higher doses of opioids for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternate treatments are inadequate.
Patients considered opioid tolerant are those who are taking, for one week or longer, around-the-clock medicine consisting of at least 60 mg of oral morphine per day, at least 25 mcg/hr of transdermal fentanyl per hour, at least 30 mg of oral oxycodone per day, at least 8 mg of oral hydromorphone per day, at least 25 mg oral oxymorphone per day, at least 60 mg oral hydrocodone per day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid daily for a week or longer. Patients must remain on around-the-clock opioids when administering hydromorphone hydrochloride injection (HPF).
Limitations of Use:
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, reserve hydromorphone hydrochloride injection [high potency formulation (HPF)] for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products]:
Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated
Have not provided adequate analgesia, or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)], reserve hydromorphone hydrochloride injection [high potency formulation (HPF)] for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products]:
Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated
Have not provided adequate analgesia, or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia
1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Topiramate is an antiepileptic (AED) agent indicated for:
Monotherapy epilepsy: Initial monotherapy in patients 2 years of age with partial onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (1.1).
Adjunctive therapy epilepsy: Adjunctive therapy for adults and pediatric patients (2 to 16 years of age) with partial onset seizures or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and in patients 2 years of age with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) (1.2).
1.1 Monotherapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as initial monotherapy in patients 2 years of age and older with partial onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Safety and effectiveness in patients who were converted to monotherapy from a previous regimen of other anticonvulsant drugs have not been established in controlled trials [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
1.2 Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for adults and pediatric patients ages 2 to 16 years with partial onset seizures or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and in patients 2 years of age and older with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Aminocaproic Acid Tablets USP are useful in enhancing hemostasis when fibrinolysis contributes to bleeding. In life-threatening situations, transfusion of appropriate blood products and other emergency measures may be required.
Fibrinolytic bleeding may frequently be associated with surgical complications following heart surgery (with or without cardiac bypass procedures) and portacaval shunt; hematological disorders such as amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (accompanying aplastic anemia); acute and life-threatening abruptio placentae; hepatic cirrhosis; and neoplastic disease such as carcinoma of the prostate, lung, stomach, and cervix.
Urinary fibrinolysis, usually a normal physiological phenomenon, may contribute to excessive urinary tract fibrinolytic bleeding associated with surgical hematuria (following prostatectomy and nephrectomy) or nonsurgical hematuria (accompanying polycystic or neoplastic diseases of the genitourinary system). (See WARNINGS.)
1. Indications and Usage Section
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tizanidine tablet is a central alpha-2-adrenergic agonist indicated for the management of spasticity. Because of the short duration of therapeutic effect, treatment with tizanidine tablets should be reserved for those daily activities and times when relief of spasticity is most important [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE:
Etoposide Injection, USP is indicated in the management of the following neoplasms:
Refractory Testicular Tumors
Etoposide Injection, USP in combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in patients with refractory testicular tumors who have already received appropriate surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic therapy.
Adequate data on the use of etoposide capsules in the treatment of testicular cancer are not available.
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Etoposide Injection, USP and/or capsules in combination with other approved chemotherapeutic agents as first line treatment in patients with small cell lung cancer.
INDICATIONS & USAGE
Hydrochlorothiazide capsules are indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent, or in combination with other antihypertensives.
Unlike potassium sparing combination diuretic products, Hydrochlorothiazide capsules may be used in those patients in whom the development of hyperkalemia cannot be risked, including patients taking ACE inhibitors.
Usage in Pregnancy:
The routine use of diuretics in an otherwise healthy woman is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. Diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy, and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of developed toxemia.
Edema during pregnancy may arise from pathological causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. Diuretics are indicated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as they are in the absence of pregnancy. Dependent edema in pregnancy resulting from restriction of venous return by the expanded uterus is properly treated through elevation of the lower extremities and use of support hose; use of diuretics to lower intravascular volume in this case is illogical and unnecessary. There is hypervolemia during normal pregnancy which is harmful to neither the fetus nor the mother (in the absence of cardiovascular disease), but which is associated with edema, including generalized edema in the majority of pregnant women. If this edema produces discomfort, increased recumbency will often provide relief. In rare instances this edema may cause extreme discomfort which is not relieved by rest. In these cases a short course of diuretics may provide relief and may be appropriate.