um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tobramycin is indicated for the treatment of serious bacterial infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the diseases listed below:
Septicemia in the neonate, child, and adult caused by P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and Klebsiella sp.
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, Serratia sp, E.
coli, and S. aureus (penicillinase
and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
Serious central-nervous-system infections (meningitis) caused by susceptible organisms.
Intra-abdominal infections, including peritonitis, caused by E. coli, Klebsiella sp, and Enterobacter sp.
Skin, bone, and skin-structure infections caused by P. aeruginosa, Proteus sp, E. coli, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, and S. aureus.
Complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections caused by P. aeruginosa, Proteus sp (indole-positive and indole-negative), E. coli, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, Serratia sp, S. aureus, Providencia sp, and Citrobacter sp.
Aminoglycosides, including tobramycin sulfate, are not indicated in uncomplicated initial episodes of urinary tract infections unless the causative organisms are not susceptible to antibiotics having less potential toxicity. Tobramycin may be considered in serious staphylococcal infections when penicillin or other potentially less toxic drugs are contraindicated and when bacterial susceptibility testing and clinical judgment indicate its use.
Bacterial cultures should be obtained prior to and during treatment to isolate and identify etiologic organisms and to test their susceptibility to tobramycin. If susceptibility tests show that the causative organisms are resistant to tobramycin, other appropriate therapy should be instituted. In patients in whom a serious life-threatening gram-negative infection is suspected, including those in whom concurrent therapy with a penicillin or cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside may be indicated, treatment with tobramycin sulfate may be initiated before the results of susceptibility studies are obtained. The decision to continue therapy with tobramycin should be based on the results of susceptibility studies, the severity of the infection, and the important additional concepts discussed in the WARNINGS box above.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tobramycin and other antibacterial drugs, tobramycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antimicrobial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Methylphenidate HCl extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients 6 to 15 years of age.
Methylphenidate HCl extended-release capsules are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients 6 to 15 years of age (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Xermelo is indicated for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea in combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy in adults inadequately controlled by SSA therapy.
Xermelo is a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea in combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy in adults inadequately controlled by SSA therapy. (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ursodiol capsules are indicated for patients with radiolucent, noncalcified gallbladder stones < 20 mm in greatest diameter in whom elective cholecystectomy would be undertaken except for the presence of increased surgical risk due to systemic disease, advanced age, idiosyncratic reaction to general anesthesia, or for those patients who refuse surgery. Safety of use of ursodiol capsules beyond 24 months is not established.
Ursodiol capsules are indicated for the prevention of gallstone formation in obese patients experiencing rapid weight loss.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Isosorbide dinitrate sublingual tablets are indicated for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. However, because the onset of action of sublingual ISDN is significantly slower than that of sublingual nitroglycerin, sublingual ISDN is not the drug of first choice for abortion of an acute anginal episode.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ondansetron oral solution, USP is indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with:
highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including cisplatin greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2
initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy
radiotherapy in patients receiving either total body irradiation, single high-dose fraction to the abdomen, or daily fractions to the abdomen
Ondansetron oral solution, USP is also indicated for the prevention of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting.
Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of:
nausea and vomiting associated with highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including cisplatin greater than or equal to 50 mg/m2 (1)
nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (1)
nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy in patients receiving either total body irradiation, single high-dose fraction to the abdomen, or daily fractions to the abdomen (1)
postoperative nausea and/or vomiting (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Treprostinil injection is a prostacyclin mimetic indicated for:
Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; WHO Group 1) to diminish symptoms associated with exercise. Studies establishing effectiveness included patients with NYHA Functional Class II-IV symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (58%), PAH associated with congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (23%), or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (19%). (1.1)
Patients who require transition from epoprostenol, to reduce the rate of clinical deterioration. The risks and benefits of each drug should be carefully considered prior to transition. (1.2)
1.1 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Treprostinil injection is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; WHO Group 1) to diminish symptoms associated with exercise. Studies establishing effectiveness included patients with NYHA Functional Class II-IV symptoms and etiologies of idiopathic or heritable PAH (58%), PAH associated with congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (23%), or PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (19%) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
1.2 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients Requiring Transition from Epoprostenol
In patients with PAH requiring transition from epoprostenol, treprostinil injection is indicated to diminish the rate of clinical deterioration. Consider the risks and benefits of each drug prior to transition.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Methenamine mandelate, USP is indicated for thesuppression or elimination of bacteriuria associated withpyelonephritis, cystitis, and other chronic urinary tractinfections; also those neurologic diseases leading to aninfected residual urine. When used as recommended,methenamine mandelate, USP is particularly suitable forlong-term therapy because of its safety and becauseresistance to the nonspecific bactericidal action offormaldehyde does not develop. Pathogens resistant toother antibacterial agents may respond to methenaminemandelate, USP because of the nonspecific effect offormaldehyde formed in an acid urine.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria andmaintain the effectiveness of methenamine mandelate,USP and other antibacterial drugs, methenaminemandelate, USP should be used only to treat or preventinfections that are proven or strongly suspected to becaused by susceptible bacteria.
Prophylactic Use Rationale:Urine is a good culturemedium for many urinary pathogens. Inoculation by a feworganisms (relapse or reinfection) may lead to bacteriuriain susceptible individuals. Thus, the rationale ofmanagement in recurring urinary tract infection(bacteriuria) is to change the urine from agrowth-supporting to a growth-inhibiting medium. Thereis a growing body of evidence that long-termadministration of methenamine mandelate, USP canprevent the recurrence of bacteriuria in patients withchronic pyelonephritis.
Therapeutic Use Rationale: Methenamine mandelate, USPhelps to sterilize the urine, and in some situations inwhich underlying pathologic conditions preventsterilization by any means, it can help to suppress thebacteriuria. Methenamine mandelate, USP should not beused alone for acute infections with parenchymalinvolvement causing systemic symptoms such as chillsand fever. A thorough diagnostic investigation as a part ofthe overall management of the urinary tract infectionshould accompany the use of methenamine mandelate,USP.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution, 0.15% is indicated for the lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution, 0.15% is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the lowering of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (1).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Necon 1/35, Necon 0.5/35, Necon 10/11, and Necon 1/50 are indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use this product as a method of contraception.
Oral contraceptives are highly effective. Table I lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combination oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization, depends upon the reliability with which they are used. Correct and consistent use of methods can result in lower failure rates.
TABLE I: PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN EXPERIENCING AN UNINTENDED PREGNANCY DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF TYPICAL USE AND THE FIRST YEAR OF PERFECT USE OF CONTRACEPTION AND THE PERCENTAGE CONTINUING USE AT THE END OF THE FIRST YEAR. UNITED STATES.
% of Women Experiencing anUnintended Pregnancywithin the First Year of Use
% of WomenContinuing Useat One Year3
Method(1)
Typical Use1
(2)
Perfect Use2
(3)
(4)
Adapted from Hatcher et al., 1998 Ref. #1.
1 Among typical couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason.
2 Among couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time) and who use it perfectly (both consistently and correctly), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason.
3 Among couples attempting to avoid pregnancy, the percentage who continue to use a method for one year.
4 The percents becoming pregnant in columns (2) and (3) are based on data from populations where contraception is not used and from women who cease using contraception in order to become pregnant. Among such populations, about 89% become pregnant within one year. This estimate was lowered slightly (to 85%) to represent the percent who would become pregnant within one year among women now relying on reversible methods of contraception if they abandoned contraception altogether.
5 Foams, creams, gels, vaginal suppositories, and vaginal film.
6 Cervical mucus (ovulation) method supplemented by calendar in the pre-ovulatory and basal body temperature in the post-ovulatory phases.
7 With spermicidal cream or jelly.
8 Without spermicides.
Chance4
85
85
Spermicides5
26
6
40
Periodic abstinence
25
63
Calendar
9
Ovulation Method
3
Sympto-Thermal6
2
Post-Ovulation
1
Withdrawal
19
4
Cap7
Parous Women
40
26
42
Nulliparous Women
20
9
56
Sponge
Parous Women
40
20
42
Nulliparous Women
20
9
56
Diaphragm7
20
6
56
Condom8
Female (Reality)
21
5
56
Male
14
3
61
Pill
5
71
Progestin Only
0.5
Combined
0.1
IUD
Progesterone T
2.0
1.5
81
Copper T380A
0.8
0.6
78
LNg 20
0.1
0.1
81
DepoProvera
0.3
0.3
70
Norplant and Norplant-2
0.05
0.05
88
Female Sterilization
0.5
0.5
100
Male Sterilization
0.15
0.10
100
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Clindamycin phosphate gel, 1% is indicated in the treatment of acne vulgaris. In view of the potential for diarrhea, bloody diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, the physician should consider whether other agents are more appropriate(see
CONTRAINDICATIONS,
WARNINGS and
ADVERSE REACTIONS).
INDICATIONS & USAGE
Nitrofurantoin is specifically indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and certain susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species.
Nitrofurantoin is not indicated for the treatment of pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses.
Nitrofurantoins lack the broader tissue distribution of other therapeutic agents approved forurinary tract infections. Consequently, many patients who are treated with nitrofurantoin are predisposed to persistence or reappearance of bacteriuria. Urine specimens for culture and susceptibility testing should be obtained before and after completion of therapy. If persistence or reappearance of bacteriuria occurs after treatment with nitrofurantoin, other therapeutic agents with broader tissue distribution should be selected. In considering the use of nitrofurantoin, lower eradication rates should be balanced against the increased potential for systemic toxicity and for the development of antimicrobial resistance when agents with broader tissue distribution are utilized.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection is indicated for the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery and for acute pain management.
Surgical Anesthesia: epidural block for surgery including cesarean section; major nerve block; local infiltration
Acute Pain Management: epidural continuous infusion or intermittent bolus, e.g., postoperative or labor; local infiltration
Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Injection is an amide local anesthetic indicated in adults for the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery and for acute pain management.
Surgical Anesthesia: epidural block for surgery including cesarean section; major nerve block; local infiltration
Acute Pain Management: epidural continuous infusion or intermittent bolus, e.g., postoperative or labor; local infiltration
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
CIMERLI is indicated for the treatment of patients with:
CIMERLI, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of patients with:
Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) (
1.1)
Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) (
1.2)
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) (
1.3)
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) (
1.4)
Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization (mCNV) (
1.5)
1.1 Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
1.2 Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)
1.3 Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
1.4 Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)
1.5 Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization (mCNV)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Citalopram hydrobromide is indicated for the treatment of depression.The efficacy of citalopram hydrobromide in the treatment of depression was established in 4 - 6 week, controlled trials of outpatients whose diagnosis corresponded most closely to the DSM-III and DSM-III-R category of major depressive disorder (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least five of the following nine symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation.The antidepressant action of citalopram hydrobromide in hospitalized depressed patients has not been adequately studied.The efficacy of citalopram hydrobromide in maintaining an antidepressant response for up to 24 weeks following 6 to 8 weeks of acute treatment was demonstrated in two placebo-controlled trials (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). Nevertheless, the physician who elects to use citalopram hydrobromide for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fluoxetine capsules are indicated for the treatment of:
Acute and maintenance treatment of Major Depressive Disorder [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
Acute and maintenance treatment of obsessions and compulsions in patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Acute and maintenance treatment of binge-eating and vomiting behaviors in patients with moderate to severe Bulimia Nervosa [see Clinical Studies (14.3)].
Acute treatment of Panic Disorder, with or without agoraphobia [see Clinical Studies (14.4)].
Fluoxetine capsules and Olanzapine in Combination are indicated for the treatment of:
Acute treatment of depressive episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder.
Fluoxetine capsules monotherapy is not indicated for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with Bipolar I Disorder.
When using fluoxetine capsules and olanzapine in combination, also refer to the Clinical Studies section of the package insert for Symbyax.
Fluoxetine capsules are a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor indicated for:
Acute and maintenance treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) (1)
Acute and maintenance treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (1)
Acute and maintenance treatment of Bulimia Nervosa (1)
Acute treatment of Panic Disorder, with or without agoraphobia (1)
Fluoxetine capsules and olanzapine in combination for treatment of:
Acute Depressive Episodes Associated with Bipolar I Disorder (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
HYDROQUINONE USP, 4% SKIN BLEACHING CREAM is indicated for the gradual bleaching of hyperpigmented skin conditions such as chloasma, melasma, freckles, senile lentigines, and other unwanted areas of melanin hyperpigmentation.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Gadoterate Meglumine Injectionis a gadolinium-based contrast agent indicated for intravenous use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain (intracranial), spine and associated tissues in adult and pediatric patients (including term neonates) to detect and visualize areas with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity.
Gadoterate Meglumine Injectionis a gadolinium-based contrast agent indicated for intravenous use with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in brain (intracranial), spine and associated tissues in adult and pediatric patients (including term neonates) to detect and visualize areas with disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of etodolac capsules and other treatment options before deciding to use etodolac capsules. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS).
Etodolac capsules are indicated:
For acute and long-term use in the management of signs and symptoms of the following:
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
For the management of acute pain
1 INDICATIONS & USAGE
NEXTERONE is indicated for initiation of treatment and prophylaxis of frequently recurring ventricular fibrillation (VF) and hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients refractory to other therapy. NEXTERONE also can be used to treat patients with VT/VF for whom oral amiodarone is indicated, but who are unable to take oral medication. During or after treatment with NEXTERONE, patients may be transferred to oral amiodarone therapy [see Dosage and Administration (
2)].
Use NEXTERONE for acute treatment until the patient's ventricular arrhythmias are stabilized. Most patients will require this therapy for 48 to 96 hours, but NEXTERONE may be safely administered for longer periods if necessary.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Based on a review of a related drug by the National Research Council and subsequent FDA classification for that drug, the indications are as follows: "Possibly" Effective: Contact or atopic dermatitis; impetiginized eczema; nummular eczema; infantile eczema; endogenous chronic infectious dermatitis; stasis dermatitis; pyoderma; nuchal eczema and chronic eczematoid otitis externa; acne urticata; localized or disseminated neurodermatitis; lichen simplex chronicus; anogenital pruritus (vulvae, scroti, ani); folliculitis, bacterial dermatoses; mycotic dermatoses such as tinea (capitis, cruris, corporis, pedis); moniliasis, intertrigo. Final classification of the less-than-effective indications requires further investigation.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tazarotene cream, 0.1% is indicated as an adjunctive agent for use in the mitigation (palliation) of facial fine wrinkling, facial mottled hyper- and hypopigmentation, and benign facial lentigines in patients who use comprehensive skin care and sunlight avoidance programs.
Tazarotene cream, 0.1% is a retinoid indicated as an adjunctive agent for use in the mitigation (palliation) of facial fine wrinkling, facial mottled hyper- and hypopigmentation, and benign facial lentigines in patients who use comprehensive skin care and sunlight avoidance programs. (1)
Limitations of Use:
Does not eliminate or prevent wrinkles or restore more youthful skin. (1)
Does not repair sun damaged skin or reverse photoaging. (1)
Safety and effectiveness for the prevention or treatment of actinic keratoses, skin neoplasms, or lentigo maligna have not been established. (1, 5.4)
Limitations of Use
:
Tazarotene cream does not eliminate or prevent wrinkles or restore more youthful skin.
Tazarotene cream does not reverse photoaging or repair sun damaged skin; tazarotene cream does not mitigate coarse or deep wrinkling, tactile roughness, telangiectasia, skin laxity, keratinocytic atypia, melanocytic atypia, or dermal elastosis.
The safety and the effectiveness of tazarotene cream for the prevention or treatment of actinic keratoses, skin neoplasms, or lentigo maligna have not been established.
1INDICATIONS AND USAGE
AGGRENOX is indicated to reduce the risk of stroke in patients who have had transient ischemia of the brain or completed ischemic stroke due to thrombosis.
AGGRENOX is a combination antiplatelet agent indicated to reduce the risk of stroke in patients who have had transient ischemia of the brain or completed ischemic stroke due to thrombosis (1)