um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Amiodarone injection is indicated for initiation of treatment and prophylaxis of frequently recurring ventricular fibrillation (VF) and hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients refractory to other therapy. Amiodarone also can be used to treat patients with VT/VF for whom oral amiodarone is indicated, but who are unable to take oral medication. During or after treatment with amiodarone, patients may be transferred to oral amiodarone therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2)].
Use amiodarone for acute treatment until the patient's ventricular arrhythmias are stabilized. Most patients will require this therapy for 48 to 96 hours, but amiodarone may be safely administered for longer periods if necessary.
Amiodarone injection is an antiarrhythmic agent indicated for initiation of treatment and prophylaxis of frequently recurring ventricular fibrillation (VF) and hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients refractory to other therapy. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Capecitabine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor with antineoplastic activity indicated for:
Adjuvant Colon Cancer (
1.1)
Patients with Dukes' C colon cancer
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (
1.1)
First-line as monotherapy when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred
Metastatic Breast Cancer (
1.2)
In combination with docetaxel after failure of prior anthracycline-containing therapy
As monotherapy in patients resistant to both paclitaxel and an anthracycline-containing regimen
1.1
Colorectal Cancer
Capecitabine tablets, USP are indicated as a single agent for adjuvant treatment in patients with Dukes' C colon cancer who have undergone complete resection of the primary tumor when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. Capecitabine was non-inferior to 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV) for disease-free survival (DFS). Physicians should consider results of combination chemotherapy trials, which have shown improvement in DFS and OS, when prescribing single-agent capecitabine in the adjuvant treatment of Dukes' C colon cancer.
Capecitabine tablets, USP are indicated as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. Combination chemotherapy has shown a survival benefit compared to 5-FU/LV alone. A survival benefit over 5-FU/LV has not been demonstrated with capecitabine monotherapy. Use of capecitabine tablets, USP instead of 5-FU/LV in combinations has not been adequately studied to assure safety or preservation of the survival advantage.
1.2 Breast Cancer
Capecitabine tablets, USP in combination with docetaxel are indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.
Capecitabine tablets, USP monotherapy is also indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to both paclitaxel and an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen or resistant to paclitaxel and for whom further anthracycline therapy is not indicated (e.g., patients who have received cumulative doses of 400 mg/m
2 of doxorubicin or doxorubicin equivalents). Resistance is defined as progressive disease while on treatment, with or without an initial response, or relapse within 6 months of completing treatment with an anthracycline-containing adjuvant regimen.
INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION
Anxiety Disorders
Alprazolam tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorder (a condition corresponding most closely to the APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual [DSM-III-R] diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder) or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by unrealistic or excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) about two or more life circumstances, for a period of six months or longer, during which the person has been bothered more days than not by these concerns. At least 6 of the following 18 symptoms are often present in these patients: Motor Tension (trembling, twitching, or feeling shaky; muscle tension, aches, or soreness; restlessness; easy fatigability); Autonomic Hyperactivity (shortness of breath or smothering sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; sweating, or cold clammy hands; dry mouth; dizziness or light-headedness; nausea, diarrhea, or other abdominal distress; flushes or chills; frequent urination; trouble swallowing or lump in throat); Vigilance and Scanning (feeling keyed up or on edge; exaggerated startle response; difficulty concentrating or mind going blank because of anxiety; trouble falling or staying asleep; irritability). These symptoms must not be secondary to another psychiatric disorder or caused by some organic factor.
Anxiety associated with depression is responsive to alprazolam.
Panic Disorder
Alprazolam is also indicated for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia.
Studies supporting this claim were conducted in patients whose diagnoses corresponded closely to the DSM-III-R/IV criteria for panic disorder (see CLINICAL STUDIES).
Panic disorder (DSM-IV) is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, ie, a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which four (or more) of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes: (1) palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate; (2) sweating; (3) trembling or shaking; (4) sensations of shortness of breath or smothering; (5) feeling of choking; (6) chest pain or discomfort; (7) nausea or abdominal distress; (8) feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint; (9) derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself); (10) fear of losing control; (11) fear of dying; (12) paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations); (13) chills or hot flushes.
Demonstrations of the effectiveness of alprazolam by systematic clinical study are limited to 4 months duration for anxiety disorder and 4 to 10 weeks duration for panic disorder; however, patients with panic disorder have been treated on an open basis for up to 8 months without apparent loss of benefit. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fludeoxyglucose F18 Injection is indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the following settings:
Fludeoxyglucose F18 Injection is indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the following settings:
Oncology: For assessment of abnormal glucose metabolism to assist in the evaluation of malignancy in patients with known or suspected abnormalities found by other testing modalities, or in patients with an existing diagnosis of cancer.
Cardiology: For the identification of left ventricular myocardium with residual glucose metabolism and reversible loss of systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, when used together with myocardial perfusion imaging.
Neurology: For the identification of regions of abnormal glucose metabolism associated with foci of epileptic seizures
(1).
1.1 Oncology
For assessment of abnormal glucose metabolism to assist in the evaluation of malignancy in patients with known or suspected abnormalities found by other testing modalities, or in patients with an existing diagnosis of cancer.
1.2 Cardiology
For the identification of left ventricular myocardium with residual glucose metabolism and reversible loss of systolic function in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, when used together with myocardial perfusion imaging.
1.3 Neurology
For the identification of regions of abnormal glucose metabolism associated with foci of epileptic seizures.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Etoposide capsules are indicated in the management of the following neoplasms:
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Etoposide capsules in combination with other approved chemotherapeutic agents as first line treatment in patients with small cell lung cancer.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Clopidogrel is a P2Y12 platelet inhibitor indicated for:
Acute coronary syndrome
-For patients with nonST-segment elevation ACS (unstable angina [UA]/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the rate of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. (1.1)
-For patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the rate of MI and stroke. (1.1)
Recent MI, recent stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease. Clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the rate of MI and stroke. (1.2)
1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Clopidogrel is indicated to reduce the rate of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke
in patients with nonST-segment elevation ACS (unstable angina [UA]/ nonST -elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), including patients who are to be managed medically and those who are to be managed with coronary revascularization. Clopidogrel should be administered in conjunction with aspirin.
Clopidogrel is indicated to reduce the rate of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are to be managed medically. Clopdiogrel should be administered in conjunction with aspirin.
1.2 Recent MI, Recent Stroke, or Established Peripheral Arterial Disease
In patients with established peripheral arterial disease or with a history of recent myocardial infarction (MI) or recent stroke clopdigorel is indicated to reduce the rate of MI and stroke.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Leflunomide tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of adults with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adults with active rheumatoid arthritis. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Mupirocin cream is indicated for the treatment of secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions (up to 10 cm in length or 100 cm2 in area) due to susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes).
Mupirocin cream is an RNA synthetase inhibitor antibacterial indicated for the treatment of secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions (up to 10 cm in length or 100 cm2 in area) due to susceptible isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Deferiprone tablets are indicated for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in adult and pediatric patients 8 years of age and older with thalassemia syndromes.
Limitations of Use:
Safety and effectiveness have not been established for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or in patients with Diamond Blackfan anemia.
Deferipronetablets are an iron chelator indicated for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in adult and pediatric patients 8 years of age and older with thalassemia syndromes. (1)
Limitations of Use:
Safety and effectiveness have not been established for the treatment of transfusional iron overload in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or in patients with Diamond Blackfan anemia.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tobramycin is indicated for the treatment of serious bacterial infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the diseases listed below:
Septicemia in the neonate, child, and adult caused by
P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and
Klebsiella sp.
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by
P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp,
Enterobacter sp,
Serratia sp,
E. coli, and
S. aureus (penicillinase and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
Serious central-nervous-system infections (meningitis) caused by susceptible organisms.
Intra-abdominal infections, including peritonitis, caused by
E. coli, Klebsiella sp, and
Enterobacter sp.
Skin, bone, and skin-structure infections caused by
P. aeruginosa,
Proteus sp,
E. coli, Klebsiella sp,
Enterobacter sp, and
S. aureus.
Complicated and recurrent urinary tract infections caused by
P. aeruginosa, Proteus sp (indole-positive and indole-negative),
E. coli, Klebsiella sp,
Enterobacter sp,
Serratia sp,
S. aureus,
Providencia sp, and
Citrobacter sp.
Aminoglycosides, including tobramycin sulfate, are not indicated in uncomplicated initial episodes of urinary tract infections unless the causative organisms are not susceptible to antibiotics having less potential toxicity. Tobramycin may be considered in serious staphylococcal infections when penicillin or other potentially less toxic drugs are contraindicated and when bacterial susceptibility testing and clinical judgment indicate its use.
Bacterial cultures should be obtained prior to and during treatment to isolate and identify etiologic organisms and to test their susceptibility to tobramycin. If susceptibility tests show that the causative organisms are resistant to tobramycin, other appropriate therapy should be instituted. In patients in whom a serious life-threatening gram-negative infection is suspected, including those in whom concurrent therapy with a penicillin or cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside may be indicated, treatment with tobramycin sulfate may be initiated before the results of susceptibility studies are obtained. The decision to continue therapy with tobramycin should be based on the results of susceptibility studies, the severity of the infection, and the important additional concepts discussed in the
WARNINGS
box above.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tobramycin and other antibacterial drugs, tobramycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Cefadroxil for oral suspension USP is indicated for the treatment of patients with infection caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following diseases:
Urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, P. mirabilis, and Klebsiella species.
Skin and skin structure infections caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci.
Pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci).
Note: Only penicillin by the intramuscular route of administration has been shown to be effective in the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Cefadroxil monohydrate is generally effective in the eradication of streptococci from the oropharynx. However, data establishing the efficacy of cefadroxil monohydrate for the prophylaxis of subsequent rheumatic fever are not available.
Note: Culture and susceptibility tests should be initiated prior to and during therapy. Renal function studies should be performed when indicated.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of cefadroxil for oral suspension and other antibacterial drugs, cefadroxil for oral suspension should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Hypertension
Enalapril maleate tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
Enalapril maleate tablets USP are effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide- type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate tablets USP and thiazides are approximately additive.
Heart Failure
Enalapril maleate tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate tablets USP improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials).
Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction
In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 35 percent), enalapril maleate tablets USP decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials).
In using enalapril maleate tablets USP consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate tablets USP does not have a similar risk (see WARNINGS, Neutropenia/Agranulocytosis).
In considering use of enalapril maleate tablets USP, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks (see WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema).
Baclofen Tablets, USP are useful for the alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, particularly for the relief of flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus, and muscular rigidity.
Patients should have reversible spasticity so that baclofen treatment will aid in restoring residual function. Baclofen Tablets, USP may also be of some value in patients with spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases.
Baclofen Tablets, USP are not indicated in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders.
The efficacy of baclofen in stroke, cerebral palsy, and Parkinsons disease has not been established and, therefore, it is not recommended for these conditions.
1	INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and ferrous fumarate tablets are indicated for use by females of reproductive age to prevent pregnancy [see Clinical Studies (14)].
The efficacy of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and ferrous fumarate tablets in women with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 35 kg/m2 has not been evaluated.
Norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and ferrous fumarate tablets are an estrogen/progestin COC indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy (1)
The efficacy in women with a body mass index of more than 35 kg/m2 has not been evaluated (1, 8.8)
INDICATIONS AND USAGEPLAVIX (clopidogrel bisulfate) is indicated for the reduction of
atherothrombotic events as follows:
Recent MI, Recent Stroke or Established Peripheral Arterial
Disease
For patients with a history of recent myocardial infarction
(MI), recent stroke, or established peripheral arterial disease, PLAVIX has been
shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of new ischemic stroke (fatal or
not), new MI (fatal or not), and other vascular death.
Acute Coronary Syndrome-
For patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable
angina/non-Q-wave MI) including patients who are to be managed medically and
those who are to be managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (with or
without stent) or CABG, PLAVIX has been shown to decrease the rate of a combined
endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, or stroke as well as the rate of a
combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke, or refractory ischemia.
-
For patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, PLAVIX
has been shown to reduce the rate of death from any cause and the rate of a
combined endpoint of death, re-infarction or stroke. This benefit is not known
to pertain to patients who receive primary angioplasty
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Capecitabine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor indicated for:
Colorectal Cancer
adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. (1.1)
perioperative treatment of adults with locally advanced rectal cancer as a component of chemoradiotherapy. (1.1)
treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. (1.1)
Breast Cancer
treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer as a single agent if an anthracycline- or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated. (1.2)
treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. (1.2)
Gastric, Esophageal, or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. (1.3)
treatment of adults with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease as a component of a combination regimen. (1.3)
Pancreatic Cancer
adjuvant treatment of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen. (1.4)
1.1 Colorectal Cancer
Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the:
adjuvant treatment of patients with Stage III colon cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.
perioperative treatment of adults with locally advanced rectal cancer as a component of chemoradiotherapy.
treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer as a single agent or as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.
1.2 Breast Cancer
Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the:
treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer as a single agent if an anthracycline- or taxane-containing chemotherapy is not indicated.
treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with docetaxel after disease progression on prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.
1.3 Gastric, Esophageal, or Gastroesophageal Junction
Cancer
Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the:
treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastric, esophageal, or gastroesophageal junction cancer as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.
treatment of adults with HER2-overexpressing metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have not received prior treatment for metastatic disease as a component of a combination regimen.
1.4 Pancreatic Cancer
Capecitabine tablets are indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adults with pancreatic adenocarcinoma as a component of a combination chemotherapy regimen.