um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Alendronate sodium is a bisphosphonate indicated for:
Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (
1.1,
1.2)
Treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis (
1.3)
Treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (
1.4)
Treatment of Paget's disease of bone (
1.5)
Limitations of use: Optimal duration of use has not been determined. For patients at low-risk for fracture, consider drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use. (
1.6)
1.1 Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Alendronate sodium tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, alendronate sodium tablets, USP increase bone mass and reduce the incidence of fractures, including those of the hip and spine (vertebral compression fractures).
[See
Clinical Studies (14.1).]
1.2 Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Alendronate sodium tablets, USP are indicated for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis
[see
Clinical Studies (14.2)]
.
1.3 Treatment to Increase Bone Mass in Men with Osteoporosis
Alendronate sodium tablets, USP are indicated for treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis
[see
Clinical Studies (14.3)]
.
1.4 Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Alendronate sodium tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men and women receiving glucocorticoids in a daily dosage equivalent to 7.5 mg or greater of prednisone and who have low bone mineral density
[see
Clinical Studies (14.4)]
.
1.5 Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone
Alendronate sodium tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone in men and women. Treatment is indicated in patients with Paget's disease of bone who have alkaline phosphatase at least two times the upper limit of normal, or those who are symptomatic, or those at risk for future complications from their disease.
[See
Clinical Studies (14.5).]
1.6 Important Limitations of Use
The optimal duration of use has not been determined. The safety and effectiveness of alendronate sodium tablets, USP for the treatment of osteoporosis are based on clinical data of four years duration. All patients on bisphosphonate therapy should have the need for continued therapy re-evaluated on a periodic basis. Patients at low-risk for fracture should be considered for drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use. Patients who discontinue therapy should have their risk for fracture re-evaluated periodically.
Indications and Usage
Diclofenac Sodium Gel is indicated for the topical treatment of actinic keratoses (AK). Sun avoidance is indicated during therapy.
Postpartum
Oxytocin injection (synthetic) is indicated to produce uterine contractions during the third stage of labor and to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of naproxen, naproxen sodium and other treatment options before deciding to use naproxen tablets or naproxen sodium tablets. Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals
(see
WARNINGS: Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation).
Naproxen as naproxen tablets or naproxen sodium tablets are indicated:
For the relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
For the relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis
For the relief of the signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis
For the relief of the signs and symptoms of juvenile arthritis
Naproxen as naproxen tablets or naproxen sodium tablets are also indicated:
For relief of the signs and symptoms of tendonitis
For relief of the signs and symptoms of bursitis
For relief of the signs and symptoms of acute gout
For the management of pain
For the management of primary dysmenorrhea
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Verapamil Hydrochloride Tablets are indicated for the treatment of the following:
Angina
1. Angina at rest including:
Vasospastic (Prinzmetals variant) angina
Unstable (crescendo, pre-infarction) angina
2. Chronic stable angina (classic effort-associated angina)
Arrhythmias
1. In association with digitalis for the control of ventricular rate at rest and during stress in patients with chronic atrial flutter and/or atrial fibrillation (see WARNINGS; ACCESSORY BYPASS TRACT)
2. Prophylaxis of repetitive paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Essential hypertension:
Verapamil is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes, including this drug.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Programs Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients aged at least 3 months and weighing at least 6kg.
Limitations of Use:
TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD alone are not recommended in patients with resistanceassociated integrase substitutions or clinically suspected integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) resistance because the dose of dolutegravir in TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD is insufficient in these subpopulations. See full prescribing information for TIVICAY (dolutegravir).
TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are a combination of dolutegravir (integrase strand transfer inhibitor [INSTI]), abacavir, and lamivudine (both nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors) indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and in pediatric patients aged at least 3 months and weighing at least 6kg. (1)
Limitations of Use:
TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD alone are not recommended in patients with resistance-associated integrase substitutions or clinically suspected INSTI resistance because the dose of dolutegravir in TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD is insufficient in these subpopulations. See the dolutegravir prescribing information. (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Colistimethate for injection is indicated for the treatment of acute or chronic infections due to sensitive strains of certain gram-negative bacilli. It is particularly indicated when the infection is caused by sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This antibiotic is not indicated for infections due to Proteus or Neisseria. Colistimethate for injection has proven clinically effective in treatment of infections due to the following gram-negative organisms: Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Colistimethate for injection may be used to initiate therapy in serious infections that are suspected to be due to gram-negative organisms and in the treatment of infections due to susceptible gram-negative pathogenic bacilli.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of colistimethate and other antibacterial drugs, colistimethate should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
EXELDERM (sulconazole nitrate, USP) CREAM, 1.0% is an antifungal agent indicated for the treatment of tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagro-phytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum canis,* and for the treatment of tinea versicolor.
*Efficacy for this organism in the organ system was studied in fewer than ten infections.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets and other antibacterial drugs, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Urinary Tract Infections
For the treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. It is recommended that initial episodes of uncomplicated urinary tract infections be treated with a single effective antibacterial agent rather than the combination.
Acute Otitis Media
For the treatment of acute otitis media in pediatric patients due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae when in the judgment of the physician sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim offers some advantage over the use of other antimicrobial agents. To date, there are limited data on the safety of repeated use of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in pediatric patients under two years of age. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is not indicated for prophylactic or prolonged administration in otitis media at any age.
Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis in Adults
For the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae when in the judgment of the physician sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim offers some advantage over the use of a single antimicrobial agent.
Shigellosis
For the treatment of enteritis caused by susceptible strains of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonneiwhen antibacterial therapy is indicated.
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
For the treatment of documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in individuals who are immunosuppressed and considered to be at an increased risk of developing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Travelers Diarrhea in Adults
For the treatment of travelers diarrhea due to susceptible strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Lithium is a mood-stabilizing agent indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of bipolar I disorder:
Treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes in patients 7 years and older
[see Clinical Studies (
14)]
Maintenance treatment in patients 7 years and older
[see Clinical Studies (
14)]
Lithium is a mood-stabilizing agent indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of bipolar I disorder:
Treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes in patients 7 years and older (
1)
Maintenance treatment in patients 7 years and older (
1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
FOR VAGINAL USE ONLY
Haloette is indicated for use by females of reproductive age to prevent pregnancy.
Haloette is an estrogen/progestin combination hormonal contraceptive (CHC) indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy. (1)
1.2 Treatment of Primary Hypercholesterolemia or Mixed Dyslipidemia
Fenofibric acid delayed release capsules are indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (Total-C), triglycerides (TG), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Baclofen tablets, USP are useful for the alleviation of signs and symptoms of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, particularly for the relief of flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus, and muscular rigidity.
Patients should have reversible spasticity so that baclofen treatment will aid in restoring residual function. Baclofen tablets, USP may also be of some value in patients with spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases.
Baclofen tablets, USP are not indicated in the treatment of skeletal muscle spasm resulting from rheumatic disorders.
The efficacy of baclofen in stroke, cerebral palsy, and Parkinson's disease has not been established and, therefore, it is not recommended for these conditions.
1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Neostigmine methylsulfate injection is a cholinesterase inhibitor indicated for the reversal of the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents after surgery.
Neostigmine Methylsulfate Injection, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is indicated for the reversal of the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) after surgery.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of tetracycline hydrochloride and other antibacterial drugs, tetracycline hydrochloride should be used only to treat infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Tetracycline is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the conditions listed below:
Upper respiratory tract infections caused by
Streptococcus pyogenes,
Streptococcus pneumoniae and
Hemophilus influenzae. Note: Tetracycline should not be used for streptococcal disease unless the organism has been demonstrated to be susceptible.
Lower respiratory tract infections caused by
Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Eaton agent, and
Klebsiella sp.)
Skin and soft tissue infections caused by
Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureaus. (Tetracyclines are not the drugs of choice in the treatment of any type of staphylococcal infections.)
Infections caused by rickettsia including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus group infections, Q fever, rickettsialpox.
Psittacosis caused by
Chlamydophila psittaci.
Infections caused by
Chlamydia trachomatis such as uncomplicated urethral, endocervical or rectal infections, inclusion conjunctivitis, trachoma, and lymphogranuloma venereum.
Granuloma inquinale caused by
Klebsiella granulomatis.
Relapsing fever caused by
Borrelia sp.
Bartonellosis caused by
Bartonella bacilliformis.
Chancroid caused by
Hemophilus ducreyi.
Tularemia caused by
Francisella tularensis.
Plaque caused by
Yersinia pestis.
Cholera caused by
Vibrio cholerae.
Brucellosis caused by
Brucella species (tetracycline may be used in conjunction with an aminoglycoside).
Infections due to
Campylobacter fetus.
As adjunctive therapy in intestinal amebiasis caused by
Entamoeba histolytica.
Urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, etc
.
Other infections caused by susceptible gram-negative organisms such as
E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., and Bacteroides sp.
In severe acne, adjunctive therapy with tetracycline may be useful.
When penicillin is contraindicated, tetracyclines are alternative drugs in the treatment of the following infections:
Syphilis and yaws caused by
Treponema pallidum and
pertenue, respectively,
Vincent's infection caused by
Fusobacterium fusiforme,
Infections caused by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
Anthrax caused by
Bacillus anthracis,
Infections due to
Listeria monocytogenes,
Actinomycosis caused by
Actinomyces species,
Infections due to
Clostridium species.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Seizure Disorders: Clonazepam tablets, USP are useful alone or as an adjunct in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures. In patients with absence seizures (petit mal) who have failed to respond to succinimides, clonazepam may be useful.
In some studies, up to 30% of patients have shown a loss of anticonvulsant activity, often within 3 months of administration. In some cases, dosage adjustment may reestablish efficacy.
Panic Disorder: Clonazepam tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, as defined in DSM-IV. Panic disorder is characterized by the occurrence of unexpected panic attacks and associated concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequences of the attacks, and/or a significant change in behavior related to the attacks.
The efficacy of clonazepam was established in two 6- to 9-week trials in panic disorder patients whose diagnoses corresponded to the DSM-IIIR category of panic disorder (see CLlNICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials).
Panic disorder (DSM-IV) is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, ie, a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort in which four (or more) of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within 10 minutes: (1) palpitations, pounding heart or accelerated heart rate; (2) sweating; (3) trembling or shaking; (4) sensations of shortness of breath or smothering; (5) feeling of choking; (6) chest pain or discomfort; (7) nausea or abdominal distress; (8) feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint; (9) derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself); (10) fear of losing control; (11) fear of dying; (12) paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations); (13) chills or hot flushes.
The effectiveness of clonazepam in long-term use, that is, for more than 9 weeks, has not been systematically studied in controlled clinical trials. The physician who elects to use clonazepam for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules are a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha agonist indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to:
Reduce TG in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (1.1).
Reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, TG and Apo B, and to increase HDLC in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia (1.2).
Limitations of Use: Fenofibrate at a dose equivalent to 135 mg of fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules did not reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (5.1)
1.1 Treatment of Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules are indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce triglycerides (TG) in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Improving glycemic control in diabetic patients showing fasting chylomicronemia will usually obviate the need for pharmacological intervention. Markedly elevated levels of serum triglycerides (e.g. > 2,000 mg/dL) may increase the risk of developing pancreatitis. The effect of fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules therapy on reducing this risk has not been adequately studied.
1.2 Treatment of Primary Hypercholesterolemia or Mixed Dyslipidemia
Fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules are indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (Total-C), triglycerides (TG), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia.
1.3 Limitations of Use
Fenofibrate at a dose equivalent to 135 mg of fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules did not reduce coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in 2 large, randomized controlled trials of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
1.4 General Considerations for Treatment
Laboratory studies should be performed to establish that lipid levels are abnormal before instituting fenofibric acid delayed-release capsules therapy.
Every reasonable attempt should be made to control serum lipids with non-drug methods including appropriate diet, exercise, weight loss in obese patients, and control of any medical problems such as diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism that may be contributing to the lipid abnormalities. Medications known to exacerbate hypertriglyceridemia (beta-blockers, thiazides, estrogens) should be discontinued or changed if possible, and excessive alcohol intake should be addressed before triglyceride-lowering drug therapy is considered. If the decision is made to use lipid-altering drugs, the patient should be instructed that this does not reduce the importance of adhering to diet.
Drug therapy is not indicated for patients who have elevations of chylomicrons and plasma triglycerides, but who have normal levels of VLDL.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Megestrol Acetate Tablets are indicated for the palliative treatment of advanced carcinoma of the breast or endometrium (i.e., recurrent, inoperable, or metastatic disease). It should not be used in lieu of currently accepted procedures such as surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oxcarbazepine tablets are indicated for use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in adults and as monotherapy in the treatment of partial seizures in pediatric patients aged 4 years and above with epilepsy, and as adjunctive therapy in pediatric patients aged 2 years and above with partial seizures.
Oxcarbazepine tablets are indicated for:
Adults: Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures
Pediatrics:
Monotherapy in the treatment of partial seizures in children 4-16 years
Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in children 2-16 years (
1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
ELMIRON
(pentosan polysulfate sodium) is indicated for the relief of bladder pain or discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis.