um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Cephalexin Capsule, USP is indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:
Respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes
(Penicillin is the usual drug of choice in the treatment and prevention of streptococcal infections, including the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. Cephalexin is generally effective in the eradication of streptococci from the nasopharynx; however, substantial data establishing the efficacy of cephalexin in the subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available at present.)
Otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis
Skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus pyogenes
Bone infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and/or Proteus mirabilis
Genitourinary tract infections, including acute prostatitis, caused by Escherichia coli,
Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Note
Culture and susceptibility tests should be initiated prior to and during therapy. Renal function studies should be performed when indicated.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Cephalexin Capsules, USP and other antibacterial drugs, Cephalexin Capsules, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
1.2 Infantile Spasms (IS)
Vigabatrin for oral solution is indicated as monotherapy for pediatric patients with infantile spasms 1 month to 2 years of age for whom the potential benefits outweigh the potential risk of vision loss [see Warnings and Precautions (
5.1
)].
1
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets are indicated for treatment of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients at high risk of developing NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications. For a list of factors that may increase the risk of NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications [see
Warnings and Precautions (5.3)
].
Diclofenac sodium and misoprostol delayed-release tablets are a combination of diclofenac sodium, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and misoprostol, a prostaglandin-1 (PGE1) analog, indicated for the treatment of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients at high risk of developing NSAID-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers and their complications. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
VABOMERE (meropenem and vaborbactam) is a combination of meropenem, a penem antibacterial, and vaborbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, indicated for the treatment of patients 18 years and older with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including pyelonephritis caused by designated susceptible bacteria. (1.1)
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of VABOMERE and other antibacterial drugs, VABOMERE should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. (1.2)
1.1.	Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI), including Pyelonephritis
VABOMERE is indicated for the treatment of patients 18 years of age and older with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) including pyelonephritis caused by the following susceptible microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae species complex.
1.2.	Usage
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of VABOMERE and other antibacterial drugs, VABOMERE should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
3.Mycophenolic acid delayed-release tablets are an antimetabolite immunosuppressant indicated for prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult patients receiving kidney transplants and in pediatric patients at least 5 years of age and older who are at least 6 months post kidney transplant. (1.1)
4.Use in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids. (1.1)
Limitations of Use:
2.Mycophenolic acid delayed release tablets and mycophenolate mofetil tablets and capsules should not be used interchangeably. (1.2)
1.1 Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection in Kidney Transplant
Mycophenolic acid are indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult patients receiving a kidney transplant.
Mycophenolic acid are indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in pediatric patients 5 years of age and older who are at least 6 months post kidney transplant.
Mycophenolic acid are to be used in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids.
1.2 Limitations of Use
Mycophenolic acid delayed-release tablets and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) tablets and capsules should not be used interchangeably without physician supervision because the rate of absorption following the administration of these two products is not equivalent.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Alogliptin tablets are a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1.1, 14)
Important Limitations of Use: Not for treatment of type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. (1.1)
1.1	Monotherapy and Combination Therapy
Alogliptin tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Important Limitations of Use
Alogliptin tablets are not indicated for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings.
Lorazepam is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety or anxiety associated with depressive symptoms. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
The effectiveness of lorazepam in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Terbinafine tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium).
Prior to initiating treatment, appropriate nail specimens for laboratory testing [potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, fungal culture, or nail biopsy] should be obtained to confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis.
Terbinafine tablets, USP are an allylamine antifungal indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium) (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP are indicated for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ondansetron Injection is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of:
nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. (1.1) postoperative nausea and/or vomiting. (1.2)
1.1Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Associated with Initial and Repeat Courses of Emetogenic Cancer Chemotherapy
Ondansetron Injection is indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, including high-dose cisplatin.
Ondansetron Injection is approved for patients aged 6 months and older.
1.2 Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and/or Vomiting
Ondansetron Injection is indicated for the prevention of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting. As with other antiemetics, routine prophylaxis is not recommended for patients in whom there is little expectation that nausea and/or vomiting will occur postoperatively. In patients in whom nausea and/or vomiting must be avoided postoperatively, Ondansetron Injection is recommended even when the incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting is low. For patients who do not receive prophylactic Ondansetron Injection and experience nausea and/or vomiting postoperatively, Ondansetron Injection may be given to prevent further episodes.
Ondansetron Injection is approved for patients aged 1 month and older.
1.11 Acute Pyelonephritis: 5 or 10-day Treatment Regimen
Levofloxacin in 5% Dextrose Injection is indicated for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis caused by
Escherichia coli
, including cases with concurrent bacteremia
[see
Clinical Studies (14.7, 14.8)].
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Diclofenac sodium topical gel, 1% is indicated for the relief of the pain of osteoarthritis of joints amenable to topical treatment, such as the knees and those of the hands.
Diclofenac sodium topical gel, 1% has not been evaluated for use on the spine, hip, or shoulder.
Diclofenac sodium topical gel, 1% is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for the relief of the pain of osteoarthritis of joints amenable to topical treatment, such as the knees and those of the hands. (1)
Diclofenac sodium topical gel, 1% was not evaluated for use on joints of the spine, hip, or shoulder. (14.1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Loperamide hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the control and symptomatic relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea in patients 2 years of age and older and of chronic diarrhea in adults associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide hydrochloride capsules are also indicated for reducing the volume of discharge from ileostomies.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution is indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms:
Corynebacterium species
*
Micrococcus luteus*
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus hominis
Staphylococcus warneri*
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus viridans
group
Acinetobacter lwoffii*
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus parainfluenzae*
Chlamydia trachomatis
*Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.
Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution is a topical fluoroquinolone anti-infective indicated for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms:
Corynebacterium species*
Micrococcus luteus*,
Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus warneri*, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans
group
, Acinetobacter lwoffii*,
Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae*,
Chlamydia trachomatis.
*Efficacy for this organism was studied in fewer than 10 infections.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tramadol hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of moderate to moderately severe pain in adults.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Polyethylene Glycol 3350 and electrolytes for oral solution, is a combination of PEG 3350, an osmotic laxative, and electrolytes indicated for cleansing of the colon in preparation for colonoscopy and barium enema X-ray examination in adults. (1)
Polyethylene Glycol 3350 and electrolytes for oral solution is indicated for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy and barium enema X-ray examination in adults
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% is a corticosteroid indicated for the topical treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis affecting up to 20% body surface area (BSA) in patients 18 years of age or older. (1.1)
Limitations of Use:
Do not use on the face, axillae or groin. (1.2)
Do not use if atrophy is present at the treatment site. (1.2)
Do not use for rosacea or perioral dermatitis. (1.2)
1.1 Indication
Clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% is a super-high potent topical corticosteroid formulation indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis affecting up to 20% body surface area (BSA) in patients 18 years of age or older.
Patients should be instructed to use clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% for the minimum amount of time necessary to achieve the desired results [see Dosage and Administration (2)].
Use in patients under 18 years of age is not recommended because safety has not been established and because numerically high rates of HPA axis suppression were seen with other clobetasol propionate topical formulations. [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)
].
1.2 Limitations of Use
Clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% should not be used on the face, axillae, or groin. Clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% should not be used if there is atrophy at the treatment site. Clobetasol propionate spray, 0.05% should not be used in the treatment of rosacea or perioral dermatitis.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Topotecan Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with platinum-sensitive disease who progressed at least 60 days after initiation of first-line chemotherapy.
Topotecan Injection is a topoisomerase inhibitor indicated for treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) platinum-sensitive disease in patients who progressed at least 60 days after initiation of first-line chemotherapy. (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets are indicated for the management of mild to moderate pain,where treatment with an opioid is appropriate and for which alternative treatments are inadequate.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, with opioids, even at recommended doses [see WARNINGS], reserve acetaminophen and codeine phosphate tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics]
Have not provided adequate analgesia, or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia
Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
DUPIXENT is an interleukin-4 receptor alpha antagonist indicated:
Atopic Dermatitis
for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe AD whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids. (1.1)
Asthma
as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. (1.2)
Limitations of Use: Not for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus. (1.2)
Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). (1.3)
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older, weighing at least 40 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). (1.4)
Prurigo Nodularis
for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN). (1.5)
1.1	Atopic Dermatitis
DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. DUPIXENT can be used with or without topical corticosteroids.
1.2	Asthma
DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with moderate-to-severe asthma characterized by an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid dependent asthma [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Limitations of Use
DUPIXENT is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm or status asthmaticus.
1.3	Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
DUPIXENT is indicated as an add-on maintenance treatment in adult patients with inadequately controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).
1.4	Eosinophilic Esophagitis
DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older, weighing at least 40 kg, with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).
1.5	Prurigo Nodularis
DUPIXENT is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with prurigo nodularis (PN).
INDICATIONSAND USAGE
Clomipramine hydrochloride capsules USP is indicated for the treatment of obsessions and compulsions in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The obsessions or compulsions must cause marked distress, be time-consuming, or significantly interfere with social or occupational functioning, in order to meet the DSM-III-R (circa 1989) diagnosis of OCD.
Obsessions are recurrent, persistent ideas, thoughts, images, or impulses that are egodystonic. Compulsions are repetitive, purposeful, and intentional behaviors performed in response to an obsession or in a stereotyped fashion, and are recognized by the person as excessive or unreasonable.
The effectiveness of Clomipramine hydrochloride capsules for the treatment of OCD was demonstrated in multicenter, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies, including two 10-week studies in adults and one 8-week study in children and adolescents 10 to 17 years of age. Patients in all studies had moderate-to-severe OCD (DSM-III), with mean baseline ratings on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) ranging from 26 to 28 and a mean baseline rating of 10 on the NIMH Clinical Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale (NIMH-OC). Patients taking CMI experienced a mean reduction of approximately 10 on the YBOCS, representing an average improvement on this scale of 35% to 42% among adults and 37% among children and adolescents. CMI-treated patients experienced a 3.5 unit decrement on the NIMH-OC. Patients on placebo showed no important clinical response on either scale. The maximum dose was 250 mg/day for most adults and 3 mg/kg/ day (up to 200 mg) for all children and adolescents.
The effectiveness of Clomipramine hydrochloride capsules for long term use (i.e., for more than 10 weeks) has not been systematically evaluated in placebo-controlled trials. The physician who elects to use Clomipramine hydrochloride capsules for extended periods should periodically reevaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient (see
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Buspirone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
The efficacy of buspirone hydrochloride has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials of outpatients whose diagnosis roughly corresponds to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Many of the patients enrolled in these studies also had coexisting depressive symptoms and buspirone relieved anxiety in the presence of these coexisting depressive symptoms. The patients evaluated in these studies had experienced symptoms for periods of 1 month to over 1 year prior to the study, with an average symptom duration of 6 months. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02) is described in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, III1 as follows:
Generalized, persistent anxiety (of at least 1 month continual duration), manifested by symptoms from three of the four following categories:
Motor tension: shakiness, jitteriness, jumpiness, trembling, tension, muscle aches, fatigability, inability to relax, eyelid twitch, furrowed brow, strained face, fidgeting, restlessness, easy startle.
Autonomic hyperactivity: sweating, heart pounding or racing, cold, clammy hands, dry mouth, dizziness, lightheadedness, paresthesias (tingling in hands or feet), upset stomach, hot or cold spells, frequent urination, diarrhea, discomfort in the pit of the stomach, lump in the throat, flushing, pallor, high resting pulse and respiration rate.
Apprehensive expectation: anxiety, worry, fear, rumination, and anticipation of misfortune to self or others.
Vigilance and scanning: hyperattentiveness resulting in distractibility, difficulty in concentrating, insomnia, feeling "on edge," irritability, impatience.
The above symptoms would not be due to another mental disorder, such as a depressive disorder or schizophrenia. However, mild depressive symptoms are common in GAD.
The effectiveness of buspirone hydrochloride in long-term use, that is, for more than 3 to 4 weeks, has not been demonstrated in controlled trials. There is no body of evidence available that systematically addresses the appropriate duration of treatment for GAD. However, in a study of long-term use, 264 patients were treated with buspirone hydrochloride for 1 year without ill effect. Therefore, the physician who elects to use buspirone hydrochloride for extended periods should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Treatment of Acute Malaria Infections
Mefloquine Hydrochloride Tablets are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria caused by mefloquine-susceptible strains of P. falciparum (both chloroquine-susceptible and resistant strains) or by Plasmodium vivax. There are insufficient clinical data to document the effect of mefloquine in malaria caused by P. ovale or P. malariae.
Note: Patients with acute P. vivax malaria, treated with Mefloquine Hydrochloride Tablets, are at high risk of relapse because Mefloquine Hydrochloride Tablets do not eliminate exoerythrocytic (hepatic phase) parasites. To avoid relapse, after initial treatment of the acute infection with mefloquine, patients should subsequently be treated with an 8-aminoquinoline derivative (e.g., primaquine).
Prevention of Malaria
Mefloquine Hydrochloride Tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria infections, including prophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant strains of P. falciparum.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ketoconazole tablets are not indicated for treatment of onychomycosis, cutaneous dermatophyte infections, or Candida infections.
Ketoconazole tablets should be used only when other effective antifungal therapy is not available or tolerated and the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential risks.
Ketoconazole tablets are indicated for the treatment of the following systemic fungal infections in patients who have failed or who are intolerant to other therapies: blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Ketoconazole tablets should not be used for fungal meningitis because it penetrates poorly into the cerebrospinal fluid.