um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Acitretin Capsules are indicated for the treatment of severe psoriasis in adults. Because of significant adverse effects associated with its use, Acitretin Capsules should be prescribed only by those knowledgeable in the systemic use of retinoids. In females of reproductive potential, Acitretin Capsules should be reserved for non-pregnant patients who are unresponsive to other therapies or whose clinical condition contraindicates the use of other treatments (see boxed
CONTRAINDICATIONSAND
WARNINGS
Acitretin Capsules can cause severe birth defects).
Most patients experience relapse of psoriasis after discontinuing therapy. Subsequent courses, when clinically indicated, have produced efficacy results similar to the initial course of therapy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Gabapentin tablets USP are indicated for the management of postherpetic neuralgia in adults.
Epilepsy
Gabapentin tablets USP are indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures with and without secondary generalization in patients over 12 years of age with epilepsy. Gabapentin tablets USP are also indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures in pediatric patients age 3 to 12 years.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Donepezil hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimers type. Efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimers disease.
Donepezil hydrochloride tablets are acetylcholinesterase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimers type. Efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimers Disease (
1)
INDICATIONS FOR USE Sentra PM is intended for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes associated with sleep disorders.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Cyanocobalamin is indicated for vitamin B12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions:
Addisonian (pernicious) anemia
Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery, including gluten enteropathy or sprue, small bowel bacteria overgrowth, total or partial gastrectomy
Fish tapeworm infestation
Malignancy of pancreas or bowel
Folic acid deficiency
It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see
Drug Interactions
), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue. Such measures remove the need for long-term administration of cyanocobalamin.
Requirements of vitamin B12 in excess of normal (due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, hepatic and renal disease) can usually be met with oral supplementation.
Cyanocobalamin Injection, USP is also suitable for the vitamin B12 absorption test (
Schilling test
).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Upstate's metolazone tablets, USP, are indicated for the treatment of salt and water retention including:
edema accompanying congestive heart failure;
edema accompanying renal diseases, including the nephrotic syndrome and states of diminished renal function.
Metolazone tablets, USP, are also indicated for the treatment of hypertension, alone or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs of a different class. MYKROX Tablets, a more rapidly available form of metolazone, are intended for the treatment of new patients with mild to moderate hypertension. A dose titration is necessary if MYKROX Tablets are to be substituted for Upstate's metolazone tablets, USP, in the treatment of hypertension. See package circular for MYKROX Tablets (UCB).
Usage In Pregnancy
The routine use of diuretics in an otherwise healthy woman is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. Diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy, and there is no evidence that they are useful in the treatment of developed toxemia.
Edema during pregnancy may arise from pathologic causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. Metolazone tablets, USP, are indicated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as it is in the absence of pregnancy (see PRECAUTIONS). Dependent edema in pregnancy resulting from restriction of venous return by the expanded uterus is properly treated through elevation of the lower extremities and use of support hose; use of diuretics to lower intravascular volume in this case is illogical and unnecessary. There is hypervolemia during normal pregnancy which is harmful to neither the fetus nor the mother (in the absence of cardiovascular disease), but which is associated with edema, including generalized edema, in the majority of pregnant women. If this edema produces discomfort, increased recumbency will often provide relief. In rare instances, this edema may cause extreme discomfort which is not relieved by rest. In these cases, a short course of diuretics may be appropriate.
INDICATION AND USAGE
Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% Oil Ear Drops is a low to medium potency corticosteroid indicated for the treatment of chronic eczematous external otitis in adults and pediatric patients 2 years and older.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Entecavir is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease.
Entecavir is a hepatitis B virus nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults and children at least 2 years of age with evidence of active viral replication and either evidence of persistent elevations in serum aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active disease. (
1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tizanidine hydrochloride is a central alpha-2-adrenergic agonist indicated for the management of spasticity. Because of the short duration of therapeutic effect, treatment with tizanidine hydrochloride capsules should be reserved for those daily activities and times when relief of spasticity is most important. (1)
Tizanidine hydrochloride is a central alpha-2-adrenergic agonist indicated for the management of spasticity. Because of the short duration of therapeutic effect, treatment with tizanidine hydrochloride capsules should be reserved for those daily activities and times when relief of spasticity is most important [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
1.1 Schizophrenia
Paliperidone extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
The efficacy of paliperidone extended-release tablets in schizophrenia was established in three 6-week trials in adults and one 6-week trial in adolescents, as well as one maintenance trial in adults.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE:
Diuretics such as chlorthalidone are indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effect of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension.
Chlorthalidone is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy.
Chlorthalidone has also been found useful in edema due to various forms of renal dysfunction, such as nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, and chronic renal failure.
Usage in Pregnancy:
The routine use of diuretics in an otherwise healthy woman is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. Diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy, and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of developed toxemia. Edema during pregnancy may arise from pathologic causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. Chlorthalidone is indicated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as it is in the absence of pregnancy (however, see PRECAUTIONS, below). Dependent edema in pregnancy, resulting from restriction of venous return by the expanded uterus, is properly treated through elevation of the lower extremities and use of support hose; use of diuretics to lower intravascular volume in this case is illogical and unnecessary. There is hypervolemia during normal pregnancy that is harmful to neither the fetus nor the mother (in the absence of cardiovascular disease), but that is associated with edema, including generalized edema, in the majority of pregnant women. If this edema produces discomfort, increased recumbency will often provide relief. In rare instances, this edema may cause extreme discomfort that is not relieved by rest. In these cases, a short course of diuretics may provide relief and be appropriate.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Nasal Spray is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine headaches with or without aura.
Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Nasal Spray is not intended for the prophylactic therapy of migraine or for the management of hemiplegic or basilar migraine.
Indications and Usage
Therapy with lipid-altering agents should be only one component of multiple risk factor intervention in individuals at significantly increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia. Drug therapy is recommended as an adjunct to diet when the response to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol and other nonpharmacologic measures alone has been inadequate. In patients with CHD or multiple risk factors for CHD, atorvastatin calcium tablets can be started simultaneously with diet.
1.1 Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
In adult patients without clinically evident coronary heart disease, but with multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease such as age, smoking, hypertension, low HDL-C, or a family history of early coronary heart disease, Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets is indicated to:
Reduce the risk of myocardial infarctionReduce the risk of strokeReduce the risk for revascularization procedures and angina
In patients with type 2 diabetes, and without clinically evident coronary heart disease, but with multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease such as retinopathy, albuminuria, smoking, or hypertension, Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets is indicated to:
Reduce the risk of myocardial infarctionReduce the risk of stroke
In patients with clinically evident coronary heart disease, Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets is indicated to:
Reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarctionReduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal strokeReduce the risk for revascularization proceduresReduce the risk of hospitalization for CHFReduce the risk of angina
1.2 Hyperlipidemia
Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets is indicated:
As an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated total-C, LDL-C, apo B, and TG levels and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and nonfamilial) and mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson Types IIa and IIb);As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of patients with elevated serum TG levels (Fredrickson Type IV);For the treatment of patients with primary dysbetalipoproteinemia (Fredrickson Type III) who do not respond adequately to diet;To reduce total-C and LDL-C in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering treatments (e.g., LDL apheresis) or if such treatments are unavailable;As an adjunct to diet to reduce total-C, LDL-C, and apo B levels in boys and postmenarchal girls, 10 to 17 years of age, with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia if after an adequate trial of diet therapy the following findings are present:LDL-C remains
190 mg/dL orLDL-C remains
160 mg/dL and:there is a positive family history of premature cardiovascular disease ortwo or more other CVD risk factors are present in the pediatric patient
1.3 Limitations of Use
Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets has not been studied in conditions where the major lipoprotein abnormality is elevation of chylomicrons (Fredrickson Types I and V).
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
BYETTA is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Limitations of Use
BYETTA is not indicated for use in patients with type 1 diabetes.
BYETTA contains exenatide and should not be used with other products containing the active ingredient exenatide.
BYETTA has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. Consider other antidiabetic therapies in patients with a history of pancreatitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
BYETTA (exenatide) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1, 14)
Limitations of Use
Should not be used for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. (1)
Has not been studied in patients with a history of pancreatitis. Consider other antidiabetic therapies in patients with a history of pancreatitis. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ramelteon tablets are indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. The clinical trials performed in support of efficacy were up to six months in duration. The final formal assessments of sleep latency were performed after two days of treatment during the crossover study (elderly only), at five weeks in the six week studies (adults and elderly), and at the end of the six month study (adults and elderly)
[see
Clinical Studies (14)].
Ramelteon tablets are indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. (
1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Naloxone Hydrochloride Injection is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of opioid depression, including respiratory depression, induced by natural and synthetic opioids including propoxyphene, methadone, and certain mixed agonist-antagonist analgesics: nalbuphine, pentazocine, butorphanol and cyclazocine. Naloxone hydrochloride is also indicated for the diagnosis of suspected or known acute opioid overdosage.
Naloxone may be useful as an adjunctive agent to increase blood pressure in the management of septic shock (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Adjunctive Use in Septic Shock).
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oxymorphone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the relief of moderate to severe acute pain where the use of an opioid is appropriate.
Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Tablets is an opioid agonist indicated for the relief of moderate to severe acute pain where the use of an opioid is appropriate. (1).
1 INDICATIONSAND USAGE
Levetiracetam injection is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older (
1.1)
Levetiracetam injection is indicated for adjunctive therapy for the treatment of:
Myoclonic seizures in patients 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (
1.2)
Primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (
1.3)
Levetiracetam injection is for intravenous use only as an alternative for patients when oral administration is temporarily not feasible (
1.4)
1.1 Partial-Onset Seizures
Levetiracetam
is indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month of age and older.
1.2	Myoclonic Seizures in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Levetiracetam is indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of myoclonic seizures in patients 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
1.3	Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Levetiracetam is indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
1.4	Limitations of Use
Levetiracetam injection is for intravenous use only as an alternative for patients when oral administration is temporarily not feasible.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
TRANDATE Tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. TRANDATE Tablets may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide and loop diuretics.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Galantamine hydrobromide extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Galantamine hydrobromide is a cholinesterase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimers type (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
In disorders requiring parenteral administration of vitamins, i.e. pre- and post-operative treatment, when requirements are increased as in fever, severe burns, increased metabolism, pregnancy, gastrointestinal disorders interfering with intake or absorption of vitamins, prolonged or wasting diseases, alcoholism and where other deficiencies exist.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension.These fixed-dose combinations are not indicated for initial therapy (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).In using lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide, consideration should be given to the fact that an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that lisinopril does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.)In considering use of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Angioedema.)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Monotherapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as initial monotherapy in patients 10 years of age and older with partial onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Effectiveness was demonstrated in a controlled trial in patients with epilepsy who had no more than 2 seizures in the 3 months prior to enrollment.
Safety and effectiveness
in patients who were converted to monotherapy from a previous regimen of other anticonvulsant drugs have not been established in controlled trials.
Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for adults and pediatric patients ages 2to16 years with partial onset seizures, or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and in patients 2 years of age and older with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
1 INDICATIONSAND USAGE
Deferasirox tablets for oral suspension are an iron chelator indicated for the treatment of chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions in patients 2 years of age and older. (1.1)
Deferasirox tablets for oral suspension are indicated for the treatment of chronic iron overload in patients 10 years of age and older with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) syndromes, and with a liver iron (Fe) concentration (LIC) of at least 5 mg Fe per gram of dry weight and a serum ferritin greater than 300 mcg/L. (1.2)
Limitations of Use: The safety and efficacy of deferasirox when administered with other iron chelation therapy have not been established. (1.3)
1.1 Treatment of Chronic Iron Overload Due to Blood Transfusions (Transfusional Iron Overload)
Deferasirox tablets for oral suspension are indicated for the treatment of chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions (transfusional hemosiderosis) in patients 2 years of age and older.
1.2 Treatment of Chronic Iron Overload in Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Syndromes
Deferasirox tablets for oral suspension are indicated for the treatment of chronic iron overload in patients 10 years of age and older with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) syndromes and with a liver iron concentration (LIC) of at least 5 milligrams of iron per gram of liver dry weight (mg Fe/g dw) and a serum ferritin greater than 300 mcg/L.
1.3 Limitations of Use
The safety and efficacy of deferasirox tablets for oral suspension when administered with other iron chelation therapy have not been established.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE: For debridement and promotion of normal healing of hyperkeratotic surface lesions, particularly where healing is retarded by local infection, necrotic tissue, fibrinous or purulent debris or eschar. Urea is useful for the treatment of hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, dermatitis, psoriasis, xerosis, ichthyosis, eczema, keratosis pilaris, keratosis palmaris, keratoderma, corns and calluses.
1	INDICATIONS AND USAGE
DIPROLENE Ointment is a corticosteroid indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients 13 years of age or older.
DIPROLENE Ointment is a corticosteroid indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients 13 years of age and older. (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oral contraceptives are indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use this product as a method of contraception.
Oral contraceptives are highly effective. Table II lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combination oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization and the IUD, depends upon the reliability with which they are used. Correct and consistent use of methods can result in lower failure rates.
TABLE II: PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN EXPERIENCING AN UNINTENDED PREGNANCY DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF USE OF A CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
Method
Perfect Use
Typical Use
NA - not available
* Depending on method (calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation) Adapted from Hatcher RA et al, Contraceptive Technology: 17th Revised Edition. NY, NY: Ardent Media, Inc., 1998
Levonorgestrel implants
0.05
0.05
Male sterilization
0.1
0.15
Female sterilization
0.5
0.5
Depo-Provera
(injectable progestogen)
0.3
0.3
Oral contraceptives
5
Combined
0.1
NA
Progestin only
0.5
NA
IUD
Progesterone
1.5
2.0
Copper T 380A
0.6
0.8
Condom (male) without spermicide
3
14
(Female) without spermicide
5
21
Cervical cap
Nulliparous women
9
20
Parous women
26
40
Vaginal sponge
Nulliparous women
9
20
Parous women
20
40
Diaphragm with spermicidal cream or jelly
6
20
Spermicides alone (foam, creams, jellies, and vaginal suppositories)
6
26
Periodic abstinence (all methods)
1-9*
25
Withdrawal
4
19
No contraception (planned pregnancy)
85
85