um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of XIFAXAN and other antibacterial drugs, XIFAXAN when used to treat infection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria.
When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy.
In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
XIFAXAN is a rifamycin antibacterial indicated for:
Treatment of travelers diarrhea (TD) caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older (1.1)
Reduction in risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence in adults (1.2)
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in adults (1.3)
Limitations of Use
TD: Do not use in patients with diarrhea complicated by fever or blood in the stool or diarrhea due to pathogens other than Escherichia coli (1.1, 5.1)
1.1 Travelers Diarrhea
XIFAXAN is indicated for the treatment of travelers diarrhea (TD) caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older.
Limitations of Use
XIFAXAN should not be used in patients with diarrhea complicated by fever or blood in the stool or diarrhea due to pathogens other than Escherichia coli [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.4), Clinical Studies (14.1)].
1.2 Hepatic Encephalopathy
XIFAXAN is indicated for reduction in risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence in adults.
In the trials of XIFAXAN for HE, 91% of the patients were using lactulose concomitantly.
Differences in the treatment effect of those patients not using lactulose concomitantly could not be assessed.
XIFAXAN has not been studied in patients with MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) scores >25, and only 8.6% of patients in the controlled trial had MELD scores over 19.
There is increased systemic exposure in patients with more severe hepatic dysfunction [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
1.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea
XIFAXAN is indicated for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in adults.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fosaprepitant for injection, in combination with other antiemetic agents, is indicated in adults and pediatric patients 6 months of age and older
for the prevention of:
acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (HEC) including high-dose cisplatin. delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (MEC).
Limitations of Use
Fosaprepitant for injection has not been studied for the treatment of established nausea and vomiting.
Fosaprepitant for injection is a substanceP/neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, indicated in adults and pediatric patients 6 months of age and older, in combination with other antiemetic agents, for the prevention of (1):
acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (HEC) including high-dose cisplatin.
delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy (MEC).
Limitations of Use (
1
)
Fosaprepitantfor injection has not been studied for treatment of established nausea and vomiting.
1.1 Monotherapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 2 years of age and older.
1.2 Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy
Topiramate tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients 2 years of age and older.
1.3 Migraine
Topiramate tablets are indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% (ionic buffered solution) is a prostaglandin analog indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. (
1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Econazole Nitrate Cream, 1% is indicated for topical application in the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused byTrichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouini, Microsporum gypseum,
andEpidermophyton floccosum,
in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, and in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
1	INDICATIONS AND USAGE
RISPERDAL CONSTA is an atypical antipsychotic indicated:
for the treatment of schizophrenia. (1.1)
as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder. (1.2)
1.1	Schizophrenia
RISPERDAL CONSTA (risperidone) is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia
[see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
1.2	Bipolar Disorder
RISPERDAL CONSTA is indicated as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to lithium or valproate for the maintenance treatment of Bipolar I Disorder
[see Clinical Studies (14.2
,
14.3)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
For use with automated pheresis equipment only. Use according to equipment manufacturers instructions. This unit should be used for pheresis only.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Fosinopril sodium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension.These fixed dose combinations are not indicated for initial therapy. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.)In using fosinopril sodium-hydrochlorothiazide tablets, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen-vascular disease. Available data are insufficient to show that fosinopril does not have a similar risk (see WARNINGS: Neutropenia/Agranulocytosis).ACE inhibitors (for which adequate data are available) cause a higher rate of angioedema in black than in non-black patients (see WARNINGS: Head and Neck Angioedema and Intestinal Angiodema.)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Benzonatate USP is indicated for the symptomatic relief of cough.
Shigellosis:
For the treatment of enteritis caused by susceptible strains of
Shigella flexneri
and
Shigella sonnei
when antibacterial therapy is indicated.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Verapamil hydrochloride extended-release tablets is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of Ibuprofen tablets and other treatment options before deciding to use ibuprofen. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see
WARNINGS
).
Ibuprofen tablets are indicated for relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Ibuprofen tablets are indicated for relief of mild to moderate pain.
Ibuprofen tablets are also indicated for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of Ibuprofen tablets in children have not been conducted.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Lidocaine HCl Injection, USP is indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks, when the accepted procedures for these techniques as described in standard textbooks are observed.
1
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
TRELSTAR is indicated for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer [see
Clinical Studies(14)
].
TRELSTAR is a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist indicated for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol tablets (chewable) and ferrous fumarate tablets (chewable) are an estrogen/progestin COC indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy. (1)
The efficacy in women with a body mass index (BMI) of > 35 kg/m2 has not been evaluated. (1, 8.8)
Norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol tablets (chewable) 0.8 mg/0.025 mg and ferrous fumarate tablets (chewable) 75 mg are indicated for use by women to prevent pregnancy.
The efficacy of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol tablets (chewable) 0.8 mg/0.025 mg and ferrous fumarate tablets (chewable) 75 mg in women with a body mass index (BMI) of > 35 kg/m2 has not been evaluated.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE:
For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or risk of bacterial ocular infection exists.
Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitises is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns; or penetration of foreign bodies.
The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye.
The particular anti-infective drugs in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens:
Staphylococcus
aureus
, Escherichia coli,
Haemophilus
influenzae
,
Klebsiella
/
Enterobacterspecies, Niesseriaspecies, and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.
This product does not provide adequate coverage against: Serratia
marcescensand Streptococci, including Streptococcus
pneumoniae.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE:
Nafcillin is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci which have demonstrated susceptibility to the drug. Culture and susceptibility tests should be performed initially to determine the causative organism and its susceptibility to the drug (see
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY - Susceptibility Testing
).
Nafcillin should not be used in infections caused by organisms susceptible to penicillin G. If the susceptibility tests indicate that the infection is due to a methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus sp., therapy with Nafcillin for Injection should be discontinued and alternative therapy provided.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Nafcillin for Injection, USP and other antibacterial drugs, Nafcillin for Injection, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Etomidate Injection, USP is indicated by intravenous injection for induction of general anesthesia. When considering use of etomidate, the usefulness of its hemodynamic properties (see
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
) should be weighed against the high frequency of transient skeletal muscle movements (see
ADVERSE REACTIONS
).
Intravenous etomidate is also indicated for supplementation of subpotent anesthetic agents, such as nitrous oxide in oxygen, during maintenance of anesthesia for short operative procedures such as dilation and curettage or cervical conization.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tabletsare a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) indicated in adults for:
Healing of Erosive or Ulcerative Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (1.1).
Maintenance of Healing of Erosive or Ulcerative GERD (1.2).
Treatment of Symptomatic GERD (1.3).
Healing of Duodenal Ulcers (1.4).
Helicobacter pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence (1.5).
Treatment of Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions, Including Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (1.6).
In adolescent patients 12 years of age and older for:
Short-term Treatment of Symptomatic GERD (1.7).
1.1 Healing of Erosive or Ulcerative GERD in Adults
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tabletsare indicated for short-term (4 to 8 weeks) treatment in the healing and symptomatic relief of erosive or ulcerative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). For those patients who have not healed after 8 weeks of treatment, an additional 8-week course of Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets may be considered.
1.2 Maintenance of Healing of Erosive or Ulcerative GERD in Adults
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tabletsare indicated for maintaining healing and reduction in relapse rates of heartburn symptoms in patients with erosive or ulcerative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD Maintenance). Controlled studies do not extend beyond 12 months.
1.3 Treatment of Symptomatic GERD in Adults
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tabletsare indicated for the treatment of daytime and nighttime heartburn and other symptoms associated with GERD in adults for up to 4 weeks.
1.4 Healing of Duodenal Ulcers in Adults
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets are indicated for short-term (up to four weeks) treatment in the healing and symptomatic relief of duodenal ulcers. Most patients heal within four weeks.
1.5 Helicobacter pylori Eradication to Reduce the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer Recurrence in Adults
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets, in combination with amoxicillin and clarithromycin as a three drug regimen,are indicated for the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease (active or history within the past 5 years) to eradicate H. pylori. Eradication of H. pylori has been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence.
In patients who fail therapy, susceptibility testing should be done. If resistance to clarithromycin is demonstrated or susceptibility testing is not possible, alternative antimicrobial therapy should be instituted [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) and the full prescribing information for clarithromycin].
1.6 Treatment of Pathological Hypersecretory Conditions, Including Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome in Adults
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tabletsare indicated for the long-term treatment of pathological hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
1.7 Treatment of Symptomatic GERD in Adolescent Patients 12 Years of Age and Older
Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tabletsare indicated for the treatment of symptomatic GERD in adolescents 12 years of age and above for up to 8 weeks.
1	INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Sancuso is indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in adults receiving moderately and/or highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens of up to 5 consecutive days duration.
Sancuso is a serotonin-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in adults receiving moderately and/or highly emetogenic chemotherapy for up to 5 consecutive days. (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Norepinephrine in Sodium Chloride Injection is indicated to raise blood pressure in adult patients with severe, acute hypotension.
Norepinephrine in Sodium Chloride Injection is a catecholamine indicated for restoration of blood pressure in adult patients with acute hypotensive states. (1)
INDICATION & USAGE SECTION
Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, USP are indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria.
Clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, USP are also indicated in the treatment of serious infections due to susceptible strains of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci. Its use should be reserved for penicillin-allergic patients or other patients for whom, in the judgment of the physician, a penicillin is inappropriate. Because of the risk of colitis, as described in the WARNING box, before selecting clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, USP are the physician should consider the nature of the infection and the suitability of less toxic alternatives (e.g., erythromycin).
Anaerobes: Serious respiratory tract infections such as empyema, anaerobic pneumonitis, and lung abscess; serious skin and soft tissue infections; septicemia; intra-abdominal infections such as peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess (typically resulting from anaerobic organisms resident in the normal gastrointestinal tract); infections of the female pelvis and genital tract such as endometritis, nongonococcal tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic cellulitis, and postsurgical vaginal cuff infection.
Streptococci: Serious respiratory tract infections; serious skin and soft tissue infections.
Staphylococci: Serious respiratory tract infections; serious skin and soft tissue infections.
Pneumococci: Serious respiratory tract infections.
Bacteriologic studies should be performed to determine the causative organisms and their susceptibility to clindamycin.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, USP and other antibacterial drugs, clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Loperamide hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the control and symptomatic relief of acute nonspecific diarrhea and of chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide hydrochloride capsules are also indicated for reducing the volume of discharge from ileostomies.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Buspirone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
The efficacy of buspirone has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials of outpatients whose diagnosis roughly corresponds to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Many of the patients enrolled in these studies also had coexisting depressive symptoms and buspirone relieved anxiety in the presence of these coexisting depressive symptoms. The patients evaluated in these studies had experienced symptoms for periods of 1 month to over 1 year prior to the study, with an average symptom duration of 6 months. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02) is described in the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, lll1 as follows:
Generalized, persistent anxiety (of at least 1 month continual duration), manifested by symptoms from three of the four following categories:
Motor tension: shakiness, jitteriness, jumpiness, trembling, tension, muscle aches, fatigability, inability to relax, eyelid twitch, furrowed brow, strained face, fidgeting, restlessness, easy startle.
Autonomic hyperactivity: sweating, heart pounding or racing, cold, clammy hands, dry mouth, dizziness, lightheadedness, paresthesias (tingling in hands or feet), upset stomach, hot or cold spells, frequent urination, diarrhea, discomfort in the pit of the stomach, lump in the throat, flushing, pallor, high resting pulse, and respiration rate.
Apprehensive expectation: anxiety, worry, fear, rumination, and anticipation of misfortune to self or others.
Vigilance and scanning: hyperattentiveness resulting in distractibility, difficulty in concentrating, insomnia, feeling on edge, irritability, impatience.
The above symptoms would not be due to another mental disorder, such as a depressive disorder or schizophrenia. However, mild depressive symptoms are common in GAD.
The effectiveness of buspirone in long-term use, that is, for more than 3 to 4 weeks, has not been demonstrated in controlled trials. There is no body of evidence available that systematically addresses the appropriate duration of treatment for GAD. However, in a study of long-term use, 264 patients were treated with buspirone for 1 year without ill effect. Therefore, the physician who elects to use buspirone for extended periods should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ibuprofen oral suspension and other treatment options before deciding to use ibuprofen oral suspension. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see
WARNINGS
).
In Pediatric Patients, Ibuprofen Oral Suspension is indicated:
For reduction of fever in patients aged 6 months up to 2 years of age.
For relief of mild to moderate pain in patients aged 6 months up to 2 years of age.
For relief of signs and symptoms of juvenile arthritis.
In Adults, Ibuprofen Oral Suspension is indicated:
For treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
For relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Since there have been no controlled trials to demonstrate whether there is any beneficial effect or harmful interaction with the use of ibuprofen in conjunction with aspirin, the combination cannot be recommended (see
PRECAUTIONS-Drug Interactions
).