um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Posaconazole delayed-release tablets are an azole antifungal indicated as follows:
Posaconazole delayed-release tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of invasive
Aspergillus and
Candida infections in patients who are at high risk of developing these infections due to being severely immunocompromised, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or those with hematologic malignancies with prolonged neutropenia from chemotherapy as follows:
(1.2)
Posaconazole delayed-release tablets: adults and pediatricpatients 13 years of age and older
1.2 Prophylaxis of Invasive
Aspergillusand
CandidaInfections
Posaconazole delayed-release tablets are indicated for the prophylaxis of invasive
Aspergillus and
Candida infections in patients who are at high risk of developing these infections due to being severely immunocompromised, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or those with hematologic malignancies with prolonged neutropenia from chemotherapy as follows:
Posaconazole
delayed-release tablets: adults and pediatric patients 13 years of age and older
Additional Pediatric Use information is approved for Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.s NOXAFIL (posaconazole) delayed-release tablets. However, due to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.s marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled with that pediatric information.
Indications and Usage
Methylprednisolone tablets are indicated in the following conditions:
1.Endocrine Disorders
Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance).
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Nonsuppurative thyroiditis
Hypercalcemia associated with cancer
2.Rheumatic Disorders
As adjunctive therapy for short-term administration (to tide the patient over an acute episode or exacerbation) in:
Rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (selected cases may require low-dose maintenance therapy)
Ankylosing spondylitis
Acute and subacute bursitis
Synovitis of osteoarthritis
Acute nonspecific tenosynovitis
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Epicondylitis
Acute gouty arthritis
3.Collagen Diseases
During an exacerbation or as maintenance therapy in selected cases of:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic dermatomyositis (polymyositis)
Acute rheumatic carditis
4.Dermatologic Diseases
Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis
Severe erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
Severe seborrheic dermatitis
Exfoliative dermatitis
Mycosis fungoides
Pemphigus
Severe psoriasis
5.Allergic States
Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to adequate trials of conventional treatment:
Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis
Drug hypersensitivity reactions
Serum sickness
Contact dermatitis
Bronchial asthma
Atopic dermatitis
6.Ophthalmic Diseases
Severe acute and chronic allergic and inflammatory processes involving the eye and its adnexa such as:
Allergic corneal marginal ulcers
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Anterior segment inflammation
Diffuse posterior uveitis and choroiditis
Sympathetic ophthalmia
Keratitis
Optic neuritis
Allergic conjunctivitis
Chorioretinitis
Iritis and iridocyclitis
7.Respiratory Diseases
Symptomatic sarcoidosis
Berylliosis
Loeffler's syndrome not manageable by other means
Fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy
Aspiration pneumonitis
8.Hematologic Disorders
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults
Secondary thrombocytopenia in adults
Acquired (autoimmune) hemolytic anemia
Erythroblastopenia (RBC anemia)
Congenital (erythroid) hypoplastic anemia
9.Neoplastic Diseases
For palliative management of:
Leukemias and lymphomas in adults
Acute leukemia of childhood
10.Edematous States
To induce a diuresis or remission of proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome, without uremia, of the idiopathic type or that due to lupus erythematosus.
11.Gastrointestinal Diseases
To tide the patient over a critical period of the disease in:
Ulcerative colitis
Regional enteritis
12.Nervous System
Acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis
13.Miscellaneous
Tuberculous meningitis with subarachnoid block or impending block when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy.
Trichinosis with neurologic or myocardial involvement.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Hypotension associated with Septic Shock
Epinephrine Injection USP, 1 mg/mL is indicated to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.
1.2 Anaphylaxis
Emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I), including anaphylaxis, which may result from allergic reactions to insect stings, biting insects, foods, drugs, sera, diagnostic testing substances and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. The signs and symptoms associated with anaphylaxis include flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with hypotension, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, airway swelling, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, pruritus, urticaria or angioedema, swelling of the eyelids, lips, and tongue.
1.3 Induction and Maintenance of Mydriasis during Intraocular Surgery
Induction and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery.
Epinephrine is a non-selective alpha and beta adrenergic agonist indicated:
To increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock. (1.1)
For emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type 1), including anaphylaxis. (1.2)
For induction and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery. (1.3)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Ampicillin capsules, Ampicillin for Oral Suspension and other antibacterial drugs, Ampicillin capsules and Ampicillin for Oral Suspension should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting of modifying anitimicrobial therapy, in the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Ampicillin capsules and Ampicillin for oral suspension are indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms listed below:
Infections of the genitourinary tract including gonorrhea -
E. coli, P. mirabilis, enterococci,
Shigella
, S.
typhosa and other Salmonella and nonpenicillinase-producing
N.
gonorrhoeae.
Infections of the respiratory tract - Nonpenicillinase-producing
H.
influenzae and staphylococci, and streptococci including
Streptococcus
pneumoniae.
Infections of the gastrointestinal tract -
Shigella
, S.
typhosa and other
Salmonella, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and enterococci.
Meningitis -
N.
Meningitidis
Bacteriology studies to determine the causative organisms and their susceptibility to ampicillin should be performed. Therapy may be instituted prior to the results of susceptibility testing.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
ERTACZO (sertaconazole nitrate) Cream, 2%, is indicated for the topical treatment of interdigital tinea pedis in immunocompetent patients 12 years of age and older, caused by: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum (see CLINICAL STUDIES Section).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Misoprostol tablets are indicated for reducing the risk of NSAID (nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin)induced gastric ulcers in patients
at high risk of complications from gastric ulcer, e.g., the elderly and patients
with concomitant debilitating disease, as well as patients at high risk of
developing gastric ulceration, such as patients with a history of ulcer.
Misoprostol has not been shown to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcers in patients
taking NSAIDs. Misoprostol should be taken for the duration of NSAID therapy.
Misoprostol has been shown to reduce the risk of gastric ulcers in controlled
studies of 3 months duration. It had no effect, compared to placebo, on
gastrointestinal pain or discomfort associated with NSAID use.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Rosuvastatin tablets are indicated:
To reduce the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and arterial revascularization procedures in adults without established coronary heart disease who are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease based on age, hsCRP 2 mg/L, and at least one additional CV risk factor.
As an adjunct to diet to:
oReduce LDL-C in adults with primary hyperlipidemia.
oReduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in adults.
oReduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 8 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH).
As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies, or alone if such treatments are unavailable, to reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 7 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH).
As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with:
oPrimary dysbetalipoproteinemia.
oHypertriglyceridemia.
Rosuvastatin Calcium is an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor (statin) indicated: (1)
To reduce the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and arterial revascularization procedures in adults without established coronary heart disease who are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease based on age, hsCRP 2 mg/L, and at least one additional CV risk factor.
As an adjunct to diet to reduce LDL-C in adults with primary hyperlipidemia.
As an adjunct to diet to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in adults.
As an adjunct to diet to reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 8 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH).
As an adjunct to other LDL-C-lowering therapies, or alone if such treatments are unavailable, to reduce LDL-C in adults and pediatric patients aged 7 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH).
As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of adults with:
oPrimary dysbetalipoproteinemia.
oHypertriglyceridemia.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Tramadol hydrochloride tablets are indicated in adults for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses
[see Warnings and Precautions (
5.1)]
, reserve tramadol hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics]:
Have not been tolerated or are not expected to be tolerated.
Have not provided adequate analgesia or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
Tramadol hydrochloride tablets are an opioid agonist indicated in adults for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate (
1).
Limitations of Use (
1)
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses (
5.1), reserve tramadol hydrochloride tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics]:
Have not been tolerated or are not expected to be tolerated.
Have not provided adequate analgesia, or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride capsule is a combination tablet of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (DHP CCB) and benazepril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of hypertension (1) in patients not adequately controlled on monotherapy with either agent.
1.1 Hypertension
Amlodipine besylate and benazepril hydrochloride is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in patients not adequately controlled on monotherapy with either agent.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Hypertension
Metoprolol tartrate tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension. They may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Angina Pectoris
Metoprolol tartrate is indicated in the long-term treatment of angina pectoris.
Myocardial Infarction
Metoprolol tartrate tablets are indicated in the treatment of hemodynamically stable patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction to reduce cardiovascular mortality when used alone or in conjunction with intravenous metoprolol tartrate. Oral metoprolol tartrate therapy can be initiated after intravenous metoprolol tartrate therapy or, alternatively, oral treatment can begin within 3 to 10 days of the acute event (see , , and ).
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS
WARNINGS
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
SPORANOX
(itraconazole) Oral Solution is indicated for the treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis.
(See
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Special Populations,
WARNINGS, and
ADVERSE REACTIONS: Post-marketing Experience for more information.)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Testosterone cypionate injection is indicated for replacement therapy in the male in conditions associated with symptoms of deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone.
1. Primary hypogonadism (congenital or acquired)-testicular failure due to cryptorchidism, bilateral torsion, orchitis, vanishing testis syndrome; or orchidectomy.
2. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (congenital or acquired)-gonadotropin or LHRH deficiency, or pituitary-hypothalamic injury from tumors, trauma, or radiation.
Safety and efficacy of testosterone cypionate injection in men with age-related hypogonadism (also referred to as late-onset hypogonadism) have not been established.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Carbidopa tablets are indicated for use with carbidopa-levodopa or with levodopa in the treatment of the symptoms of idiopathic Parkinsons disease (paralysis agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, and symptomatic parkinsonism, which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication.
Carbidopa tablets are for use with carbidopa-levodopa in patients for whom the dosage of carbidopa-levodopa provides less than adequate daily dosage (usually 70 mg daily) of carbidopa.
Carbidopa tablets are for use with levodopa in the occasional patient whose dosage requirement of carbidopa and levodopa necessitates separate titration of each medication.
Carbidopa tablets are used with carbidopa-levodopa or with levodopa to permit the administration of lower doses of levodopa with reduced nausea and vomiting, more rapid dosage titration, and with a somewhat smoother response. However, patients with markedly irregular (on-off) responses to levodopa have not been shown to benefit from the addition of carbidopa.
Since carbidopa prevents the reversal of levodopa effects caused by pyridoxine, supplemental pyridoxine (vitamin B6), can be given to patients when they are receiving carbidopa and levodopa concomitantly or as carbidopa-levodopa.
Although the administration of carbidopa tablets permits control of parkinsonism and Parkinsons disease with much lower doses of levodopa, there is no conclusive evidence at present that this is beneficial other than in reducing nausea and vomiting, permitting more rapid titration, and providing a somewhat smoother response to levodopa.
Certain patients who responded poorly to levodopa alone have improved when carbidopa and levodopa were given concurrently. This was most likely due to decreased peripheral decarboxylation of levodopa rather than to a primary effect of carbidopa on the peripheral nervous system. Carbidopa has not been shown to enhance the intrinsic efficacy of levodopa.
In deciding whether to give carbidopa tablets with carbidopa-levodopa or with levodopa to patients who have nausea and/or vomiting, the physician should be aware that, while many patients may be expected to improve, some may not. Since one cannot predict which patients are likely to improve, this can only be determined by a trial of therapy. It should be further noted that in controlled trials comparing carbidopa and levodopa with levodopa alone, about half the patients with nausea and/or vomiting on levodopa alone improved spontaneously despite being retained on the same dose of levodopa during the controlled portion of the trial.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ethacrynic acid tablets, USP are indicated for treatment of edema when an agent with greater diuretic potential than those commonly employed is required.
Treatment of the edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome.
Short-term management of ascites due to malignancy, idiopathic edema, and lymphedema.
Short-term management of hospitalized pediatric patients, other than infants, with congenital heart disease or the nephrotic syndrome.
Intravenous ethacrynate sodium is indicated when a rapid onset of diuresis is desired, e.g., in acute pulmonary edema, or when gastrointestinal absorption is impaired or oral medication is not practicable.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
GLUMETZA is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
GLUMETZA is a biguanide indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Zaleplon capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. Zaleplon capsules have been shown to decrease the time to sleep onset for up to 30 days in controlled clinical studies (see Clinical Trials under CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). It has not been shown to increase total sleep time or decrease the number of awakenings.
The clinical trials performed in support of efficacy ranged from a single night to 5 weeks in duration. The final formal assessments of sleep latency were performed at the end of treatment.
1.1 Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
CLOZARIL is indicated for the treatment of severely ill patients with schizophrenia who fail to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment. Because of the risks of severe neutropenia and of seizure associated with its use, CLOZARIL should be used only in patients who have failed to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.5)].
The effectiveness of CLOZARIL in treatment-resistant schizophrenia was demonstrated in a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study comparing CLOZARIL and chlorpromazine in patients who had failed other antipsychotics [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Prilocaine Hydrochloride Injection, USP, 4% is indicated for the production of local anesthesia in dentistry by nerve block or infiltration techniques. Only accepted procedures for these techniques as described in standard textbooks are recommended.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy.
Hydrochlorothiazide tablets have also been found useful in edema due to various forms of renal dysfunction such as nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, and chronic renal failure.
Hydrochlorothiazide tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension.
Use in Pregnancy
Routine use of diuretics during normal pregnancy is inappropriate and exposes mother and fetus to unnecessary hazard. Diuretics do not prevent development of toxemia of pregnancy and there is no satisfactory evidence that they are useful in the treatment of toxemia.
Edema during pregnancy may arise from pathologic causes or from the physiologic and mechanical consequences of pregnancy. Thiazides are indicated in pregnancy when edema is due to pathologic causes, just as they are in the absence of pregnancy (see Dependent edema in pregnancy, resulting from restriction of venous return by the gravid uterus, is properly treated through elevation of the lower extremities and use of support stockings. Use of diuretics to lower intravascular volume in this instance is illogical and unnecessary. During normal pregnancy there is hypervolemia which is not harmful to the fetus or the mother in the absence of cardiovascular disease. However, it may be associated with edema, rarely generalized edema. If such edema causes discomfort, increased recumbency will often provide relief. Rarely this edema may cause extreme discomfort which is not relieved by rest. In these instances, a short course of diuretic therapy may provide relief and be appropriate.
).
PRECAUTIONS,
Pregnancy
Oxaprozin is indicated:
For relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis
For relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
For relief of the signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Ascorbic acid is recommended for the prevention and treatment of scurvy. Its parenteral administration is desirable for patients with an acute deficiency or for those whose absorption of orally ingested ascorbic acid is uncertain.
Symptoms of mild deficiency may include faulty bone and tooth development, gingivitis, bleeding gums, and loosened teeth. Febrile states, chronic illness, and infection (pneumonia, whooping cough, tuberculosis, diphtheria, sinusitis, rheumatic fever, etc.) increases the need for ascorbic acid. Hemovascular disorders, burns, delayed fracture and wound healing are indications for an increase in the daily intake.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Vancomycin hydrochloride capsules are glycopeptide antibacterial indicated in adult and pediatric patients (less than 18 years of age) for the treatment of: (
1 )
C. difficile -associated diarrhea
Enterocolitis caused by
Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin- resistant strains)
Limitations of Use: (
1 ) (
5.1 )
Parenteral administration of vancomycin is not effective for the above infections; therefore, vancomycin hydrochloride capsules must be given orally for these infections.
Orally administered vancomycin hydrochloride capsules is not effective for other types of infections.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of vancomycin hydrochloride capsules and other antibacterial drugs, vancomycin hydrochloride capsules should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (
1 )
Vancomycin Hydrochloride Capsules are indicated for the treatment of
C. difficile -associated diarrhea. Vancomycin Hydrochloride Capsules is also used for the treatment of enterocolitis caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
(including methicillin-resistant strains). in adult and pediatric patients less than 18 years of age.
Limitations of Use
Parenteral administration of vancomycin is not effective for the above infections; therefore, Vancomycin Hydrochloride Capsules must be given orally for these infections.
Orally administered Vancomycin Hydrochloride Capsules is not effective for other types of infections.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Vancomycin Hydrochloride Capsules and other antibacterial drugs, Vancomycin Hydrochloride Capsules should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.