um-ids/dailymed-annotations huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS AND USAGECephalexin capsules are
indicated for the treatment of the following infections when caused by
susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms:Respiratory tract
infections caused by Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Streptococcus
pyogenes
(Penicillin is the usual drug of choice in the treatment and prevention of
streptococcal infections, including the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.
Cephalexincapsules aregenerally effective in the eradication of streptococci
from the nasopharynx; however, substantial data establishing the efficacy of
cephalexin capsulesin the subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not
available at present.)Otitis media due to Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Haemophilus
influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
, and Moraxella
catarrhalis
Skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus pyogenes
Bone infections caused by
Staphylococcus
aureus
and/or Proteus mirabilis
Genitourinary tract infections, including acute prostatitis, caused by
Escherichia coli, Proteus
mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Note
Culture and susceptibility tests should be
initiated prior to and during therapy. Renal function studies should be
performed when indicated.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant
bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of cephalexin and other antibacterial
drugs, cephalexin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are
proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture
and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in
selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local
epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection
of therapy
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oxaprozin is indicated:
For relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis
For relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis
For relief of the signs and symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Oxaprozin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for:
Relief of signs and symptoms of Osteoarthritis (OA) (1)
Relief of signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (1)
Relief of signs and symptoms of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) (1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for: Acute and Maintenance Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adults and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (1.1) Acute Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in adults (1.2)
1.1 Major Depressive Disorder
Escitalopram Tablets, USP are indicated for the acute and maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder in adults and in adolescents 12 to 17 years of age [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least five of the following nine symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation.
1.2 Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Escitalopram is indicated for the acute treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (DSM-IV) is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) that is persistent for at least six months and which the person finds difficult to control. It must be associated with at least three of the following symptoms: restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Divalproex sodium delayed-release capsules are an anti-epileptic drug indicated for:
Monotherapy and adjunctive
therapy of complex partial seizures and simple and complex absence
seizures; adjunctive therapy in patients with multiple seizure types that
include absence seizures (1)
1.1 Epilepsy
Divalproex sodium delayed-release capsules are indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of adult patients and pediatric patients down to the age of 10 years with complex partial seizures that occur either in isolation or in association with other types of seizures. Divalproex sodium delayed-release capsules are also indicated for use as sole and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of simple and complex absence seizures, and adjunctively in patients with multiple seizure types that include absence seizures.
Simple absence is defined as very brief clouding of the sensorium or loss of consciousness accompanied by certain generalized epileptic discharges without other detectable clinical signs. Complex absence is the term used when other signs are also present.
1.2 Important Limitations
Because of the risk to the fetus of decreased IQ, neurodevelopmental disorders, neural tube defects, and other major congenital malformations, which may occur very early in pregnancy, valproate should not be used to treat women with epilepsy or bipolar disorder who are pregnant or who plan to become pregnant unless other medications have failed to provide adequate symptom control or are otherwise unacceptable. Valproate should not be administered to a woman of childbearing potential unless other medications have failed to provide adequate symptom control or are otherwise unacceptable [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2, 5.3, 5.4), Use in Specific Populations (8.1), and Patient Counseling Information (17)].
For prophylaxis of migraine headaches, valproate is contraindicated in women who are pregnant and in women of childbearing potential who are not using effective contraception [see Contraindications (4)].
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Doxercalciferol injection is indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with CKD on dialysis.
Doxercalciferol is a synthetic vitamin D2 analog:
Doxercalciferol injection is indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with CKD on dialysis. (1)
INDICATIONS & USAGE SECTION
1.1 Hypertension
Ramipril capsules USP are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
Ramipril capsules USP may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics.
1.3 Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction
Ramipril capsules USP are indicated in stable patients who have demonstrated clinical signs of congestive heart failure within the first few days after sustaining acute myocardial infarction. Administration of ramipril capsule USP to such patients has been shown to decrease the risk of death (principally cardiovascular death) and to decrease the risks of failure-related hospitalization and progression to severe/resistant heart failure [see CLINICAL STUDIES (
14.3)].
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
FLUOR-OP is indicated for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
sulfADIAZINE Tablets, USP are indicated in the following conditions:
Chancroid
Trachoma
Inclusion conjunctivitis
Nocardiosis
Urinary tract infections (primarily pyelonephritis, pyelitis and cystitis) in the absence of obstructive uropathy or foreign bodies, when these infections are caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and P. vulgaris. Sulfadiazine should be used for urinary tract infections only after use of more soluble sulfonamides has been unsuccessful.
Toxoplasmosis encephalitis in patients with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as adjunctive therapy with pyrimethamine.
Malaria due to chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, when used as adjunctive therapy.
Prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis when sulfonamide-sensitive group A strains are known to prevail in family groups or larger closed populations (the prophylactic usefulness of sulfonamides when group B or C infections are prevalent is not proved and may be harmful in closed population groups).
Meningococcal meningitis, when the organism has been demonstrated to be susceptible.
Acute otitis media due to Haemophilus influenzae, when used concomitantly with adequate doses of penicillin.
Prophylaxis against recurrences of rheumatic fever, as an alternative to penicillin.
H. influenzae meningitis, as adjunctive therapy with parental streptomycin.
IMPORTANT NOTES
In vitro sulfonamide susceptibility tests are not always reliable. The test must be carefully coordinated with bacteriologic and clinical response. When the patient is already taking sulfonamides, follow-up cultures should have aminobenzoic acid added to the culture media.
Currently, the increasing frequency of resistant organisms limits the usefulness of antibacterial agents, including the sulfonamides, especially in the treatment of recurrent and complicated urinary tract infections.
Wide variation in blood levels may result with identical doses. Blood levels should be measured in patients receiving sulfonamides for serious infections. Free sulfonamide blood levels of 5 mg to 15 mg per 100 mL may be considered therapeutically effective for most infections and blood levels of 12 mg to 15 mg per 100 mL may be considered optimal for serious infections. Twenty mg per 100 mL should be the maximum total sulfonamide level, since adverse reactions occur more frequently above this level.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Sumatriptan injection is indicated in adults for (1) the acute treatment of migraine, with or without aura, and (2) theacutetreatmentofcluster headache.
LimitationsofUse:
Use only if a clear diagnosis of migraine orcluster headache has been established. If a patient has no response to the first migraineor cluster headacheattack treated with sumatriptan injection, reconsider the diagnosis before sumatriptan injection is administered to treat anysubsequent attacks.
Sumatriptan injection is not indicated for the prevention of migraine or cluster headache attacks.
Sumatriptan injection is a serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist (triptan) indicated for:
Acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults (1)
Acute treatment of cluster headache in adults (1)
Limitations of Use:
Use only if a clear diagnosis of migraine or cluster headache has been established. (1)
Not indicated for the prophylactic therapy of migraine or cluster headache attacks (1)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Adult Patients:
Flumazenil injection is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazepines in cases where general anesthesia has been induced and/or maintained with benzodiazepines, where sedation has been produced with benzodiazepines for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for the management of benzodiazepine overdose.
Pediatric Patients (aged 1 to 17):
Flumazenilinjectionis indicated for the reversal of conscious sedation induced with benzodiazepines (see
PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use
).
1
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Vasopressin injection is indicated to increase blood pressure in adults with vasodilatory shock who remain hypotensive despite fluids and catecholamines.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Metformin hydrochloride tablets areindicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Heparin Sodium Injection is indicated for:
Anticoagulant therapy in prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension;
Low-dose regimen for prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing major abdominothoracic surgery or who, for other reasons, are at risk of developing thromboembolic disease (see
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
);
Prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism;
Atrial fibrillation with embolization;
Treatment of acute and chronic consumptive coagulopathies (disseminated intravascular coagulation);
Prevention of clotting in arterial and cardiac surgery;
Prophylaxis and treatment of peripheral arterial embolism.
Heparin may also be employed as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, extracorporeal circulation, and dialysis procedures.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
BUPAP Tablets are indicated for the relief of the symptom complex of tension (or muscle contraction) headache.
Evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of this combination product in the treatment of multiple recurrent headaches is unavailable. Caution in this regard is required because butalbital is habit-forming and potentially abusable.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Polymyxin B sulfate and trimethoprim ophthalmic solution is indicated in the treatment of surface ocular bacterial infections, including acute bacterial conjunctivitis, and blepharoconjunctivitis, caused by susceptible strains of the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.1
1Efficacy for this organism in this organ system was studied in fewer than 10 infections.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Verapamil hydrochloride extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug.
Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Programs Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).
Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.
Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.
1 INDICATIONS & USAGE
Indomethacin Capsules are indicated for:
Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease
Moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis
Moderate to severe osteoarthritis
Acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis)
Acute gouty arthritis
Indomethacin Capsule is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for:
Moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis including acute flares of chronic disease
Moderate to severe ankylosing spondylitis
Moderate to severe osteoarthritis
Acute painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis)
Acute gouty arthritis (
1)
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Metformin hydrochloride tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Metformin hydrochloride tablets is a biguanide indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 10 years of age and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (
1)
1. INDICATIONS & USAGE
1.1 Heart Failure in Adults
Digoxin is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate heart failure in adults. Digoxin increases left ventricular ejection fraction and improves heart failure symptoms, as evidenced by improved exercise capacity and decreased heart failure-related hospitalizations and emergency care, while having no effect on mortality. Where possible, digoxin should be used in combination with a diuretic and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
1.2 Atrial Fibrillation in Adults
Digoxin is indicated for the control of ventricular response rate in adult patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl) tablets are indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate.
Limitations of Use
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)], reserve oxycodone HCl tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products):
Have not been tolerated or are not expected to be tolerated,
Have not provided adequate analgesia or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
Oxycodone HCl tablets are an opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. (1)
Limitations of Use (1)
Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, reserve oxycodone HCl tablets for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options (e.g., non-opioid analgesics or non-opioid combination products):
Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated,
Have not provided adequate analgesia or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of clarithromycin extended-release tablets, USP and other antibacterial drugs, clarithromycin extended-release tablets, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Adults (Clarithromycin extended-release tablets, USP)
Clarithromycin extended-release tablets, USP are indicated for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate infection caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below:
Acute maxillary sinusitis due to
Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to
Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to
Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
(TWAR), or
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CLARITHROMYCIN EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS, USP IN TREATING OTHER INFECTIONS FOR WHICH OTHER FORMULATIONS OF CLARITHROMYCIN ARE APPROVED HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED.
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Ropinirole Tablets are a non-ergoline dopamine agonist indicated for the treatment of Parkinsons disease (PD) and moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) (1.1, 1.2).
1.1 Parkinson's Disease
Ropinirole tablets areindicated for the treatment of Parkinsons disease.
1.2 Restless Legs Syndrome
Ropinirole tablets areindicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Guanfacine hydrochloride tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. Guanfacine may be given alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics.
Indications and Usage Section
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Methocarbamol Tablets USP, 500 mg and 750 mg are indicated as an adjunct to rest, physical therapy, and other measures for the relief of discomfort associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. The mode of action of methocarbamol has not been clearly identified, but may be related to its sedative properties. Methocarbamol does not directly relax tense skeletal muscles in man.