HMS Paz (1807)
HMS "Paz" was a Spanish naval schooner that the British Royal Navy captured at Monte Video on 3 February 1807. She served on the River Plate, North Sea, and North American Stations, where she captured numerous privateers and merchant vessels. The Navy sold her in 1816. Capture. The time of her capture, the British described "Paz" as being "pierced for 10 Guns, about 3 Years old, Sails on Shore, is coppered, and pretty well found." In June "Paz" was on the River Plate in the squadron under Admiral George Murray supporting General John Whitelocke's soldiers in  the operations to capture Buenos Aires. Service. HMS "Paz" was registered on 4 June 1808. However, she was already commissioned in February 1807 under Lieutenant George Mitchenor. In April, Lieutenant John Pierie replaced Mitchenor, still on the River plate station. Pierie had been a pressed man, an unusual background for an officer. He quarreled with his sailing master and froze him out of the running of the vessel. During Pierie's command, 14 of his 31 crewmen deserted. This may not have been entirely due to Pierie. When captains of four other vessels on the station were asked to provide  crew to man "Paz", they naturally sent over "the clumsy, the stupid, the violent, and the disobedient", and these men represented over half of her crew. "Paz" sailed to the Cape of Good Hope. There Lieutenant Daniel Pring took command and sailed her to England. There she was refitted at Portsmouth between 24 April 1808 and 6 June 1808. In 1809 in the North Sea. Still under Pring's command, on 23 May 1809, "Paz" was in company when the gun-brig when they destroyed two Danish privateers, one was the "Elsigneur" and the other "Sylt". "Exertion", "Paz", and then  captured the French privateer "Fortune" on 16 June. "Paz" destroyed the privateer "Betsey" on 20 July. Some three weeks later, on 10 August, "Paz" was in company with the gun-vessel (and ex-Dutch schuyt) at Hocksyl. There they captured the Danish privateer "Blankanaise", a sloop laden with linen, a lugger in ballast, and sundry goods. Two weeks later, "Patriot", "Paz", and the gun-vessels "Censor" and captured property at Harlinger Zyl, together with a Danish privateer and a mutt in ballast. The next month, on 11 September, , "Patriot", "Paz", and "Jahde" shared in the capture of vessels referred to  in the prize-money announcement as "Young Pincher", "Young Paz", and "Young Patriot". Then on 3 November "Paz" and detained "Twee Gebroders" and "Jonge Jeltzie". On 26 December 1809, "Blazer" and "Paz" were serving independently blockading the river Ems when "Blazer" captured an American vessel that was attempting to breach the blockade. "Paz" sued to share in the proceeds on two grounds: first, that the two British vessels were engaged in a joint enterprise, and second, that "Paz" had been in sight at the time of the capture. The court ruled that Lord George Stuart, who commanded the station at  Heligoland, had sent the two British vessels out with parallel, but not joint orders. It further ruled that there was no independent evidence that "Paz" had been in sight. The court therefore denied the claim. The case was nevertheless important in that it helped define the meaning of blockade. "Paz" sailed for North America on 22 April 1811. "Paz" recaptured the schooner "Martha", J. Darley, master, on 18 July. In September 1812 "Paz" arrived at Halifax with a convoy and Pring transferred to the flagship of Admiral Herbert Sawyer. "Paz" then came under the command of Lieutenant Perry Dumaresq. On  4 December "Paz" captured the privateer schooner "Revenge", of 69 tons and 27 men, under the command of John Sinclair, Jnr., master. "Revenge" was out of Salem and was carrying guns, ammunition and provisions for a cruise. "Paz" had captured "Revenge", the former "John and George" (of three guns and 38 men, out of Salem), off the Jeddore Ledges. An American account reported that a sloop of six guns had set out from Nova Scotia with 100 volunteers on board to attempt to capture "Revenge". A running fight of four hours ensued before the sloop gave up. Casualties on "Revenge  were one man killed and three wounded. The newspaper claimed that 40 to 50 men aboard the Nova Scotian vessel had been killed or wounded. The account reported that a three-masted schooner or lugger, of 17 guns, then came out and that it was that vessel that captured Revenge". In Halifax, two successful privateers, Thomas Freeman and Snow Parker, bought "Revenge" at Halifax for £530 and renamed her "Retaliation". She was armed with two 4-pounder guns and a long 12-pounder gun on a pivot; to these her new owners added two 12-pounder carronades. "Retaliation" went  on to have a successful career preying on American shipping. In March 1813, "Paz" was part of a squadron under the command of Admiral Sir John Poo Beresford in , which was blockading the Delaware River. The squadron also included and two sloops. On 16 March, Beresford sent a demand to Lewistown, for the Americans to provide his vessels with twenty live bullocks, in return for payment, or face bombardment. The governor of Delaware played for time as he moved in troops to resist a landing. On 17 March "Paz" captured the 10-gun schooner "Pennsylvania", out of Cape May, New  Jersey. The Royal Navy kept "Pennsylvania" for use as a tender. On 11 April, "Pennsylvania" captured "Pilgrim", which was sailing to Boston. The British took out her cargo and proceeded to use "Pilgrim" too as a tender. "Paz" was part of a squadron of 12 ships that shared in the capture on 13 and 14 March of "Christina" and "Massatoit". Dumaresq and "Paz" also captured "Montesquieu", which occurred on 27 March 1813. She belonged to the Philadelphia banker Stephen Girard and was bringing a valuable cargo of tea, nankeen, silk, copper, and cassia (Chinese cinnamon - Cinnamomum cassia), from Canton. Dumaresq  put the entire crew of "Montesquieu" and their baggage into the ship's pinnace, except for the ship's supercargo, Arthur Grelaud, and the ship's steward. The captain and crew arrived safely in Lewis Town that same day and the captain immediately sent a letter to Girard. Beresford arrived on the scene in "Poictiers". Beresford took "Montesquieu" into the Delaware River and immediately entered into negotiations with Girard's agents instead of sending the vessel to be condemned at the Vice admiralty court in Halifax. Girard, with the authorization of the American authorities, paid 180,000 Spanish milled dollars ransom  for his vessel, an amount that Grelaud had negotiated. Girard applied to the US authorities for permission to pay the ransom, which he received. (Girard's Bank was a principal source of government credit during the War of 1812.) Dumaresq, and his descendants, blamed Beresford for having deprived them of the prize. "Paz" shared the ransom with "Belvidera" and "Poictiers". This business having been completed around the end of March, on 6 and 7 April, the British squadron, including "Paz", bombarded Lewes (Lewistown), the Americans having declined to deliver the bullocks that Beresford had requested. The British fired some 400  shot, but with little or no effect and no infliction of any casualties, and then withdrew. Then on 10 May "Paz" captured the sloop "Juliet", of 92 tons, which was sailing from Cuba to Newport, Rhode Island. Under her master, C. Southworth, "Juliet" was carrying 113 hogsheads and 19 tierces of molasses. "Paz"s war on commerce continued with the capture on 13 September of the schooner "Richard D. Stanley", of 115 tons, sailing to Boston with a cargo of 506 barrels of tar, 170 of pitch, 69 of turpentine and 100 of flour. In October, "Paz" captured three vessels. The  first, on 4 October, was the 95-ton sloop "Charles", of Ocracocke, J. Cook, master, which was carrying 679 barrels of flour to St. Johns, New Brunswick. The second, on 14 October, was the schooner "Randolph", W. Clarke, master. The third, on 27 October, was the schooner "William", S. Nevis, master, which was carrying provisions from New York to Charlestown. Fate. "Paz" was paid off in October 1814. She was sold in 1816, but her name was not deleted from the Navy List until 7 February 1817. Notes, citations, and references. Notes Citations References