Daphné-class submarine
The "Daphné"-class submarine was a class of the diesel-electric powered submarines designed and constructed by the contractor, DCNS, for the French Navy in 1964. Marketed by the French government for the export market, the "Daphné" design went on to serve in South Africa while there were subclasses based on the "Daphné" design that were commissioned in the navies of Pakistan, Portugal, and Spain. History. These submarines were enlarged versions of the . Eleven were used by France. Boats of this design were sold to several other countries: Pakistan (3), Portugal (4), South Africa (3) and Spain (4 ). However, two ( 1970 and 1968) sank accidentally and brought sales to an end. The cause was eventually considered to have been a faulty snorkel design. The submarines were scrapped in the 1990s and Portugal sold one of its boats to Pakistan. sank the Indian frigate during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war. Pakistan has now retired the submarine and is replacing it. Design features. Besides its eight torpedo tubes forward, this submarine class has four in the stern. All are for torpedoes of the French diameter; while the forward tubes hold full-length torpedoes (either against ship either against submarine), the  stern tubes hold only shortened ones (only against submarine, in autodefense). The forward diving planes are located below the midplane of the hull. Unlike those of modern German submarines, which are similarly located, they function by tilting and cannot retract; neither do they fold. Ships. Pakistan Navy. The Pakistan Navy "Hangor"-class was formed of three submarines built in France and one acquired from Portugal in mid-1970s Portugese Navy. The four s of the Portuguese Navy were built in France using the Daphne design. They formed the 4th Submarine Flotilla. South African Navy. Three submarines were built by France for  South Africa. Spanish Navy. Four submarines were built for the Spanish Navy by Bazan at Cartagena dockyard. In Spain is named "Delfín" class (S-60).