Paul Gratzik
Paul Gratzik (30 November 1935 – 18 June 2018) was a German dramatist and novelist. He came to wider public attention in 2011 as the subject of the documentary film (English translation: Enemy of the State) by Annekatrin Hendel about his past as a Stasi informer. Life. Paul Gratzik was born in Lindenhof, near Lötzen in East Prussia (modern Poland), the third of six children of a farm worker. His father fell in the first days of the Second World War. Early in 1945 he, his mother, and siblings fled westwards in an ox cart, ending up in Schönberg  in Mecklenburg, in what would become East Germany. After completing compulsory education he undertook a carpentry apprenticeship from 1952 to 1954, and then did manual work in the Ruhr, in Berlin, in Weimar, and later in the brown coal open-cast mine in Schlabendorf in the Lausitz. In Berlin he tried to complete his Abitur at evening classes. In Weimar, in 1962, he was an official in the local Free German Youth and decided to collaborate with the Ministry for State Security (MfS or Stasi) as an informer. He also began to write. From 1963 to 1968 he studied at  the Weimar teacher training institute (). His first play was published in 1966. In 1968 he enrolled at the "Johannes R. Brecher" Institute for Literature at Leipzig University, a creative writing school, but after a short time, by almost unanimous vote of faculty and students, he was expelled. He then taught at a children's home in Dönschten in the Osterzgebirge. In 1971, he began to work full-time as a writer and joined the GDR writer's guild (Deutscher Schriftstellerverband). But in 1974 he began again to work in industry, part-time, at the Dresden transformer factory. From 1977, Gratzik  lived in Berlin, employed as playwright by the Berliner Ensemble. He was awarded the Heinrich Mann Prize in 1980. In 1981, he refused all further cooperation with the MfS and confessed to his friends, amongst them Heiner Müller, that he had informed on them. He was no longer allowed to publish, and many friends shunned him. From 1984, he became an object of observation by the Stasi and experienced harassment by them. Since the middle of the 1980s, he lived in seclusion in the Uckermark, between Templin and Prenzlau. Paul Gratzik's work reflects his own experiences as a manual  worker under East German socialism. Although a convinced communist, his unadorned realism, and readiness to tackle taboo themes, for example the East German juvenile re-education establishments (), brought him into conflict with the censors. In GDR literary circles he was, as a worker who wrote, already unusual, but his gregariousness, charisma, and magnetic effect on women, made him one of the most colourful figures. Neither the British Library nor the German National Library list any English translations of his work. Section::::"Vaterlandsverräter" film. "Vaterlandsverräter" is a 97-minute documentary film about Paul Gratzik directed by the German film maker , who had  known Gratzik for twenty years before making the film. It premiered at the Berlinale in 2011. In 2012 it was broadcast by Arte, and in 2013 awarded a Grimme-Preis in the Information category: "Die Zeit", amongst others, also praised the film: The DVD of "Vaterlandsverräter" has English subtitles.