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HearthstoneHeroes SeriesJadeUniversity eSport Germany Die, Danger, Die, Die, Kill!: Dyesebel (Philippines, 1953) and Dysebel, aka Si Dyesebel at ang Mahiwagang Kabibe (Philippines, 1973) dc.contributor.author Maré, Tjaart Jurgens
dc.description.abstract English: South Africa has an extensive heterogeneous population where drastic and far-reaching differences regarding community values and acceptability norms exist. These are emphasised by the serious imbalances regarding socio-economic circumstances. The late establishment of a democracy in South Africa was preceded by a traumatic period of intense suffering among a large section of the population. One great advantage of South Africa becoming a democracy at such a late stage is the fact that the country could learn from the political and constitutional successes and failures of other countries. This aided the establishment of a new order to ensure justice and stability for all South Africans. The final Constitution was developed after five years of intense negotiations. To address imbalances of the past, the Legislator deemed it necessary to write the concept administrative justice into Section 33 of the Constitution. This is currently a fundamental human right which is a right every citizen is entitled to. The concept administrative justice contained in Section 33 of the Constitution and its concretisation in the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act are certainly not perfect in all respects, but, in spite of this, is a significant effort on the part of the Legislator to create a basis for peace, justice, political tolerance and prosperity in South Africa. The foundation was built according to a concept of administrative justice which can develop further. In this thesis the constitutional embodiment of administrative justice is analysed through various approaches. A critical analysis is made with specific reference to case law as well as legislation. The emphasis is placed on the review aspects as mentioned in the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, and developmental aspects of the concept will be investigated further. Attention is paid to the history preceding the current concept of justice. This will reveal both the essence and the problems surrounding this concept that has been around for years. A closer investigation of the practical application and influence of administrative justice on the private law fields, more specifically, the law of delict and contractual law will shed further light on the concept of justice. The concept administrative justice does not only belong to the state-subject relationship, i.e. vertical application of understanding, but also has an impact on the relationships of the private individual or institutions – the so-called horizontal application. The embodiment of the concept administrative justice in legislation caused a drastic change in the approach of the courts to the application of justice. The application of the courts of legislation, such as the "ouster clauses", and the disadvantage it has for the individual now belongs to the past. The focus of this thesis falls on key elements pertaining to the concept of justice, namely, lawfulness, reasonableness and procedural equity. However, there is much cause for concern of state institutions and different bodies being excluded in the definition of administrative action in the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. It has the potential to become a powerful barrier in the future development of administrative justice. It is clear that all administrative action should firstly be tested to the definition before concentrating on its different review grounds. The definition of an administrative action is compiled from three different definitions and is, as such, interpreted with difficulty by the general civil servant in his/her daily action in the workplace. A further development of the above-mentioned act and the provision of a guideline, such as the Code of Good Conduct and the implementation of courts specialising in administrative law, will be welcomed to help further establish and develop the concept administrative justice. In essence, this thesis attempts to critically analyse the concept administrative justice in Section 33 of the Constitution with specific reference in its concretisation in the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act. en_ZA
dc.description.abstract Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika beskik oor ŉ groot bevolking, waarvan die heterogene samestelling opvallende verskille met betrekking tot gemeenskapswaardes en aanvaarbaarheidsnorme vertoon. Hierdie verskille word beklemtoon deur ernstige sosio-ekonomiese wanbalanse. Die laat daarstelling van ŉ demokrasie vir Suid-Afrika is voorafgegaan deur ŉ periode van intense lyding en trauma vir ŉ groot deel van die bevolking. Die voordeel hiervan is die feit dat daar geleer kon word uit ander lande se politieke en grondwetlike suksesse en mislukkings om ŉ nuwe bedeling daar te stel, om sodoende geregtigheid en stabiliteit vir alle inwoners in die land te verseker. Die finale grondwet het na vyf jaar van intense onderhandelinge ontstaan. Om wanbalanse van die verlede aan te spreek, het die Wetgewer dit goed gedink om die administratiefregtelike geregtigheidsbegrip in Artikel 33 van die Grondwet op te neem . Dit is tans ŉ fundamentele mensereg, wat elke landsburger toekom. Die administratiewe geregtigheidsbegrip vervat in Artikel 33 van die Grondwet en die konkretisering daarvan in die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid, is sekerlik nie in alle opsigte perfek nie, maar dit is nogtans ŉ besondere poging van die Wetgewer om ŉ basis vir vrede, geregtigheid, politieke verdraagsaamheid en voorspoed in Suid-Afrika te skep. Die platform is daargestel, waarvolgens die administratiewe geregtigheidsbegrip verder kan ontwikkel. Die grondwetlike vergestalting van administratiewe geregtigheid is in hierdie proefskrif vanuit verskillende invalshoeke benader. ŉ Kritiese analise is gemaak met spesifieke verwysing na hofsake en wetgewing. Klem word geplaas op hersieningsaspekte soos vermeld in die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid, terwyl die ontwikkelingsaspekte van die begrip verder ondersoek word. Aandag is geskenk aan die historiese aanloop van die geregtigheidsbegrip, waardeur dit duidelik sou word dat sowel die essensie as die problematiek daaraan verbonde jare reeds bekend is. Verder word die praktiese toepassing en invloed van administratiewe geregtigheid op die privaatregtelike gebiede van die kontrakte en deliktereg van nader beskou. Die administratiefregtelike geregtigheidsbegrip hoort nie slegs tuis by die staat-onderdaanverhouding, met ander woorde vertikale toepassing van die begrip nie, maar het ook ŉ impak op die verhoudinge tussen individue of instansies, die sogenaamde horisontale toepassing. Die praktiese toepassing van administratiewe geregtigheid in die werksituasie geniet nie die nodige aandag nie. Daar word in die bespreking en toepassing van die verskillende hersieningsgronde in menige hofuitsprake hierna verwys. Die vergestalting van die administratiefregtelike geregtigheidsbegrip in wetgewing het ŉ drastiese verandering in die howe se benadering tot die toepassing van geregtigheid teweeg gebring. Die toepassing deur die howe van wetgewing soos die “ouster clauses” en die nadeel wat dit vir die individu ingehou het, behoort gelukkig nou tot die verlede. Die fokus van hierdie proefskrif is ook gerig op die sleutelelemente van die geregtigheidsbegrip, te wete regmatigheid, redelikheid en prosedurele billikheid. ŉ Groot bron van kommer is egter die staatsinstansies en verskillende organe wat in die definisie van ŉ administratiewe handeling in die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid uitgesluit word. Dit bevat die potensiaal om in die toekoms ŉ groot struikelblok te wees in die ontwikkeling van administratiewe geregtigheid. Dit is duidelik dat alle administratiewe optrede eerstens aan die definisie getoets word, alvorens daar op die verskillende hersieningsgronde gekonsentreer kan word. Die definisie van ŉ administratiewe handeling is saamgestel uit drie verskillende definisies, en is aldus vir die gewone staatsamptenaar in sy/haar dag tot dag werksoptrede moeilik te interpreteer. ŉ Verdere ontwikkeling van bogemelde Wet en die verskaf van ŉ riglyn, soos die Kode van Goeie Gedrag (Code of Good Conduct) en die implementering van administratiefregtelike howe sal verwelkom word om enigsins die administratiefregtelike geregtigheidsbegrip verder te vestig en te ontwikkel. In wese poog hierdie proefskrif om ŉ kritiese analise van die administratiefregtelike geregtigheidsbegrip in Artikel 33 van die Grondwet met besondere verwysing na die konkretisering daarvan in die Wet op die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid daar te stel. af
dc.subject Thesis (LL.D. Administrative Law))--University of the Free State, 2008 en_ZA
dc.subject South Africa Promotion of Administrative Justice Act en_ZA
dc.subject Administrative law -- South Africa. South Africa -- Constitutional law en_ZA
dc.subject Administrative Action en_ZA
dc.subject Lawful en_ZA
dc.subject Reasonable en_ZA
dc.subject Procedurally Fair en_ZA
dc.subject Human Right en_ZA
dc.subject Concretise en_ZA
dc.subject Critical Analyses en_ZA
dc.subject Administrative Justice en_ZA
dc.subject South Africa -- Constitutional law en_ZA
dc.title 'n Kritiese analise van die begrip "Administratiewe Geregtigheid" in die grondwet, met besondere verwysing na die konkretisering daarvan in die Wet of die Bevordering van Administratiewe Geregtigheid, 3 van 2000 af