El Peñón de Guatapé
The Rock of () is a landmark inselberg in Colombia. It is located in the town and municipality of Guatapé, Antioquia. It is also known as The Stone of , or simply ' or ' (), as the town of , which borders , has also historically claimed the rock as their own and thus has led to different names for the site. The landform is a granitic rock remnant that has resisted weathering and erosion, likely as result of being less fractured than the surrounding bedrock. Peñón de Guatapé is an outcrop of the Antioquia Batholith and towers up to 200 meters  (656 feet) above its base. Visitors can scale the rock via a staircase with 708 steps built into one side. Near the base of the Rock, there are food and market stalls for shopping. About halfway up the stairs, there is a shrine to the Virgin Mary. The summit contains a three-story viewpoint tower, a convenience store, and a seating area. History. According to geologists, the rock is approximately 65 million years old. The indigenous Tahamí, former inhabitants of this region, worshiped the rock and called it in their language "mojarrá" or "mujará" (meaning 'rock' or 'stone'). The rock  was first officially climbed in July 16, 1954, when Luis Eduardo Villegas López, Pedro Nel Ramirez, and Ramón Díaz climbed the rock in a five-day endeavor, using sticks that were fixed against the rock's wall. A new species of plant, named "Pitcairnia heterophylla" by a German scientist, was found on the top of the rock. A viewing spot was built on top of the rock, where it is possible to acquire handicrafts, postcards, and other local goods. It is possible to see the 500 km shore-perimeter dam. There are 649 steps to the uppermost step atop the  building at the summit, a fact reinforced by yellow numbers also seen in the climb up the stairs. In the 1940s, the Colombian government declared it a National Monument. Graffiti. On the western face of the stone there are painted large white letters "G" and an incomplete "U" (only the single vertical stroke was completed, resembling an "I"). The towns of Guatapé and El Peñol had long disputed ownership of the rock, and the residents of Guatapé decided to settle the matter by painting the town's name on the rock in huge white letters. It did not take long  for the residents of El Peñol to notice the work, and a large mob was assembled to stop it, leaving behind the unfinished graffiti. Properties. The rock rises from the bottom of the hydroelectric dam of Peñon de Guatapé. This monolith was spotted as a border landmark between country farms and the two cities. At its highest part, on the rear (southeast side), it has an elevation of above sea level, with an average temperature of . The "Peñol" is long and wide. It has some rock breaks, one of which was used for the construction of 740 steps of the  stairway that can be used to go to the top. The Stone of Peñol is composed of quartz, feldspar and granite.