Batsugun
Headed by "Fire Shark" designer Yuko Tataka, "Batsugun" was created by most of the same team that previously worked on several projects at Toaplan and who would later go on to join one of its offshoots after the company declared bankruptcy in 1994 to continue working in the bullet hell sub-genre. Though first launched for the arcades, the game was later ported to the Sega Saturn by Gazelle and published exclusively in Japan by Banpresto on 25 October 1996, featuring various changes and additions compared with the original version. "Batsugun" garnered positive reception from during its initial release  in arcades and but was later met with mixed critical reception on the Saturn as an import title. Nevertheless, the game garnered awards from "Gamest" magazine. It has been heralded by many as the first manic shooter due to its evolution of various gameplay features in the shoot 'em up genre and as an inspiration for other similar titles. As of 2019, the rights to the project are owned by Tatsujin, a company founded in 2017 by former Toaplan member Masahiro Yuge and now-affiliate of Japanese arcade manufacturer exA-Arcadia alongside many other Toaplan IPs. Gameplay. "Batsugun" is a  science fiction-themed vertically scrolling bullet hell game where players assume the role of one of the six Skull Hornets pilots taking control of their respective fighter jets through five increasingly difficult levels in a last-ditch effort to overthrow a global takeover led by the army of king Renoselva A. Gladebaran VII as the main objective. The title initially appears to be very standard; Players control their craft over a constantly scrolling background and the scenery never stops moving until a boss is reached. Players also have only two weapons at their disposal: the main gun that travels a  max distance of the screen's height and three bombs capable of obliterating any enemy caught within its blast radius. A unique gameplay feature is the weapon system; As enemies are destroyed, players gain experience points that are separate from the score and for every experience points gained, the main gun is leveled up and becomes much stronger. This is analogous to exp and levelling up in role-playing games. The weapon can only level up twice and after achieving its maximum level, experience points will grant players an extra bomb stock instead. In addition, player can also grab "P  icons to increase the power of the current level gun. A maximum of five P" icons can be collected per experience level and getting more after this gives extra points instead, while collecting "B" icons increases the number of bomb stock to a maximum of seven. Another gameplay feature, reminiscent of "Aero Fighters", is the ability to choose between three fighter ship variations: Sky Mirage (type A), Dragon's Whisper (type B) and Judgement Flasher (type C). Type A ships have a simple array of rapid-fire energy-beams that spread evenly. Type B ships shoot a straight beam of  lightning for as long as the fire button is held, while tapping the button causes sparks to appear and travel along the beam. Lastly, Type C ships are adaptable; holding the fire button shoot energy waves straight, while tapping the button fires a spread of projectiles. Each ship type becomes more powerful by leveling up. There are multiple scoring methods for reaching high-scores to obtain extra lives in the game apart from destroying enemies, which are awarded at one-million points. Points can be gained from collecting V-shaped gold medals and once the level is finished, points are  awarded for every type of medal collected. Firing or bombing on determined locations is also crucial to reach high-scores, as certain setpieces in some stages hosts bonus secrets within their scenery, as well as destroying enemies on certain spots. The game employs a respawn system where a downed single player will start off immediately at the location they died at. Getting hit by enemy fire will result in losing a life, as well as a penalty of decreasing the ship's firepower to its original state, in addition of all medals collected and once all lives are lost, the  game is over unless the player inserts more credits into the arcade machine to continue playing. Unlike previous shoot 'em ups titles from Toaplan, there are no additional loops after completing the last stage. Plot. The plot summary of "Batsugun" is explained through supplementary materials. On a distant planet similar to Earth, a global takeover codenamed Epsilon Plan led by king Renoselva A. Gladebaran VII is set into motion, with the Imperial Army successfully staging multiple coup d'états upon countries of the planet in less than two weeks. All that stands between the military forces of Renoselva and world domination  are the Skull Hornets: a squadron of fighter pilots led by prince Olisis R. Gladebaran VIII, son of Renoselva. The Skull Hornets utilize the most powerful submersible jets the planet's scientists have ever devised. Development. "Batsugun" was created by most of the same team that previously worked on several projects at Toaplan such as "Grind Stormer" and who would later go on to join one of its offshoots after the company declared bankruptcy in 1994 to continue working in the bullet hell sub-genre. Its development was helmed by a small group at the company and most of the  members had several roles during this process, with "Fire Shark" designer Yuko Tataka acting as both producer and co-designer alongside artists Junya Inoue and Takeshi Kawamoto. Cave co-founder Tsuneki Ikeda served as one of its programmers prior to "DonPachi" alongside Satoshi Kōyama, Seiji Iwakura and composer Yoshitatsu Sakai. Both Ikeda and Inoue have stated that several games from other companies that were popular at the time served as influence early in development. Release. "Batsugun" was first launched in arcades worldwide by Toaplan, Taito and Unite Trading in 1993. During the same year, a soundtrack album containing music from  the title was co-published exclusively in Japan by Scitron and Pony Canyon. Several promotional materials were also released by Toaplan. A second edition, titled "Batsugun Special Version", was showcased to attendees at the 1994 AOU Show in Japan but it was never officially released in arcades, as Toaplan slid into bankruptcy and this special version appeared on the secondary video game collecting market after the company vanished. The special version featured a number of changes compared to the original version including a much smaller hitbox, a shield protecting the player from one hit, more powerful bombs, new scoring items , and the addition of multiple loops of increasing difficulty after completing the initial loop, among other changes. On 25 October 1996, "Batsugun" received a conversion to the Sega Saturn by Gazelle, an offshoot of Toaplan, and published exclusively in Japan by Banpresto. The Saturn version featured various changes and additions such as the inclusion of both the original and special versions as a 2-in-1 package, as well as an arranged soundtrack. In 2022, the original arcade version will be included as part of the Sega Astro City Mini V, a vertically-oriented variant of the Sega Astro City mini  console. Reception. "Batsugun" was met with positive reception during its initial release in arcades. In Japan, "Game Machine" listed it on their February 1, 1994 issue as being the seventh most-popular arcade game at the time. In the April 1994 issue of Japanese publication "Micom BASIC Magazine", the game was ranked on the number nine spot in popularity. "Gamest" simultaneously awarded the title with both the 6th "Best Shooting" and 36th "Best Character '94" awards. Nick Zverloff of "Hardcore Gaming 101" praised Inoue and Sakai's artwork and soundtrack respectively, among other aspects. The Sega Saturn conversion received mixed  reviews from critics such as "Famitsu" and the Japanese "Sega Saturn Magazine". According to "Famitsu", the Saturn version sold over 7,017 copies in its first week on the market. Readers of the Japanese "Sega Saturn Magazine" voted to give the Saturn port a 8.4 out of 10 score, ranking at the number 245 spot, indicating a large popular following. "Edge" reviewed the Saturn version, deeming it "not a classic in designs terms, perhaps, but one that won't disappoint those yearning a show-off 2D title". French magazine "Joypad" commended the Saturn released for its boss encounters, arsenal, multiplayer and  game modes, stating that "taken from the arcade game of the same name, this Saturn shoot'em-up isn't just another shoot, it's the game to own if you want to see how the genre has evolved today". Christian Blendl of German magazine "MAN!AC" gave the Saturn an overall mixed outlook. Zverloff of "Hardcore Gaming 101" criticized some of the additions in the Saturn conversion such as the arranged soundtrack. Legacy. "Batsugun" has been regarded by multiple publications as the first manic shooter due to its evolution of complex enemy waves, bullet patterns, firepower and hitbox. Mark R. Johnson , an author at The University of Sydney in Australia, noted that its first boss unveiled a number of on-screen bullets players never witnessed before. In addition, the game was also cited as an inspiration for other titles in the shoot 'em up genre since its release such as "Cho Ren Sha 68K" and "Eschatos". After the initial launch of "Batsugun", Toaplan would cease development of shooting projects prior to their closure on March 31, 1994. A sequel was planned but never released, however Inoue stated that the idea of gender-based firepower pairing envisionsed for the title was  integrated into "Progear". In more recent years, the rights to the title and many other IPs from Toaplan are now owned by Tatsujin, a company named after "Truxton"'s Japanese title that was founded in 2017 by Masahiro Yuge, who are now affiliated with arcade manufacturer exA-Arcadia.