Ouvrage Métrich
Ouvrage Métrich located in the village of Kœnigsmacker in Moselle, comprises part of the Elzange portion of the Fortified Sector of Thionville of the Maginot Line. A "gros ouvrage", it is the third largest of the Line, after Hackenberg and Hochwald. It lies between "petit ouvrage" Sentzich and "gros ouvrage" Billig, facing Germany. Located to the east of the Moselle, it cooperated with Ouvrage Galgenberg to control the river valley. Design and construction. Métrich was approved for construction by CORF ("Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées"), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in November 1930 and became  operational by 1935, at a cost of 127 million francs. The contractor was Construction Générale. Description. Métrich is a typical large Maginot "gros ouvrage" with separate ammunition and personnel entry blocks. It has a particularly heavy artillery component, with seven 75 mm guns, two 135 mm guns and four 81 mm mortars, making it the third most heavily armed unit in the Maginot Line. More than of underground galleries connect the entries to the farthest blocks 4 and 5, at an average depth of . An "M1" magazine, arranged with a horseshoe-shaped perimeter gallery connected by cross galleries between the  legs, is located close to the ammunition entrance, while the underground barracks and utility areas are just inside the personnel entry. The gallery system was served by a narrow gauge (60 cm) railway that continued out the ammunition entry and connected to a regional military railway system for the movement of materiel along the front a few kilometres to the rear. Several "stations" along the gallery system, located in wider sections of the gallery, permitted trains to pass or be stored. Several 60 cm wagons, which had remained at Métrich, were recovered in 1983 and were moved to the Maginot  museum at Ouvrage Schoenenbourg. "Ouvrage" Métrich comprises two entries and ten combat blocks: Due to the depth of the main galleries under the height of the Métrich Hill, blocks 8 and 11 are linked by a gallery at an intermediate level, containing an "M2" magazine. An intermediate level under Block 7 contains the command post. Casemates and shelters. Métrich was associated with a number of smaller fortifications. These included: None of these are connected to the "ouvrage" or to each other. All were built by CORF. Manning. The "ouvrage" was manned by 795 men and 26 officers under the command  of Commandant Lauga. The Casernement d'Elzange provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Bois-Karre and other "ouvrages" in the area. History. The principal mission of the "ouvrage" was to cover the east side of the Moselle Valley. In 1940 German forces largely bypassed the Moselle, enveloping Thionville from the rear. Métrich and other "ouvrages" in the Thionville sector therefore surrendered after the Second Armistice at Compiègne of 22 June. During the Occupation support areas of the "ouvrage" were transformed by German occupiers into offices and manufacturing facilities. Some of the combat blocks were used by the Germans  for testing of explosives. In 1944 Métrich was held by the 74th Volksgrenadier Regiment of the 19th Volksgrenadier Division. Métrich was attacked on 10 November 1944 by the U.S. 90th Infantry Division advancing around the north side of Thionville. After an initial retreat, German resistance was strong. A second, cautious assault was launched on the 11th, and when the "ouvrage" had been surrounded the main force bypassed the position, leaving a holding force to clear the German defences, where resistance ended on the 12th. Following the war, the Maginot Line was viewed as a means of slowing an advance by  Warsaw Pact forces and most of the north-eastern positions were renovated and rearmed. The renovations did not include the command post or the barracks. However, the program was abandoned, and after a period of routine maintenance, Métrich's status was lowered to inactive reserve, and finally abandoned. Current condition. Métrich has been stripped of all materials by salvagers and vandals. The "ouvrage" is in a state of advanced dilapidation, primarily because the soil is composed of gypsum, causing the destruction of the floors and walls of the galleries. Magazine M1 was used for the cultivation of mushrooms in 1986 -87. The entries and blocks with embrasures have been covered with rubble by the Army. The Abri du Sud-du-Bichel is under restoration by the "Association mémoire des intervalles de la Ligne Maginot.