Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual ScienceInvestigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS) is an online journal published by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). History. The journal was established as an official publication of the Association for Research in Ophthalmology (later renamed the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology). The first issue of "Investigative Ophthalmology" was published in January 1962, with Bernard Becker, MD, as the Executive Editor. The title was changed to "Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science" in 1977. Abstracts from the ARVO Annual Meeting have been published as an issue of "IOVS" since 1977. Also in 1977, "IOVS  was accepted for inclusion in Index Medicus" (and later in MEDLINE) and PubMed. "IOVS" was first published online in 1999, with scanned back content being made available online in 2005. The last print issue was published in 2009, and the journal is now published online only. In January 2016, "IOVS" ended its subscription program and became open access. All content is freely available to read, and content published 2016-onward is freely available for reuse under either the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license or Creative Commons Attribution license. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS) is an