R1 ring road (Belgium)
The R1 is the ring road around the city of Antwerp, Belgium. The ring road is not complete; however, its completion is planned with the long running proposed construction of the Oosterweel Link which would cross the Scheldt river. The existing Scheldt crossing is via the Kennedy Tunnel. The road is largely built on the area of the former Brialmont Fortress around the city of Antwerp, which was constructed between 1859 and 1863. In the course of planning the procurement of the construction works, the Flemish authorities raised several queries with the European Commission, intending to  ensure that their plans did not conflict with EU public procurement law. One query related to their proposal to award a concession contract, without market consultation, to SA Tunnel Liefkenshoek for the construction and operation of a new link from the River Scheldt to Antwerp, in reply to which it was confirmed that the proposed concession was "unlikely to give rise to problems of compatibiloty with Eueopean public procurement law". In order to diminish particulate matter and noise disturbance, the non-governmental organization Ringland has demanded that the ring road should be fully roofed. See also. Liefkenshoektunnel R1 ring road