Banbishn
Bānbishn was a Middle Persian title meaning "queen", and was held by royal women in Sasanian Iran who were the king's daughters and sisters, and also by the consorts of the Sasanian princes that ruled parts of the country as governors. The full version of the title was bānbishnān bānbishn ("Queen of Queens"). Etymology. Although the Old Persian form of "bānbishn" is not found in any source, it was most likely spelled "māna-pashnī", matching the Avestan "dəmąnō.paθnī" ("mistress"), which is from Old Iranian "dmāna-paθnī". The word was later absorbed into the Armenian language, where it was  spelled "bambishn". The Sogdian version of the word is "bāmbusht". History. In the Sasanian inscriptions, "banbishn" is the female equivalent of "shah" (king). The title is first attested in 262/3 in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, being held by a certain Denak. Shapur I's daughter Adur-Anahid held the title of "bānbishnān bānbishn" ("Queen of Queens"), which matched the title of shahanshah ("King of Kings"). Other titles related to "banbishn" were; "shahr banbishn" ("Queen of the empire"), held by Shapur I's wife Khwarranzem; "sagan banbishn" ("Queen of the Sakas") held by Shapurdukhtak, the wife  of Narseh; and "Meshan banbishn" ("Queen of Meshan"), held by another Denak, the wife of Shapur Meshanshah. The wife of Yazdegerd II (), Denag, temporarily ruled as regent of the empire from its capital, Ctesiphon during the dynastic struggle for the throne between her sons Hormizd III () and Peroz I (), which displays that royal women could occupy political offices in the management of the country. Marriage was not restricted to Iranian women only−Bahram V Gor () reportedly married an Indian princess named Sapinud, whilst Khosrow II () married two Christian women of non-Iranian descent, Shirin and Maria. During the Sasanian civil war  of 628–632, two Sasanian queens, Boran () and Azarmidokht (), both daughters of Khosrow II, ruled the empire for a brief period.