Coimbra Academic Association
The Associação Académica de Coimbra is the students' union of the University of Coimbra (UC). Founded in Coimbra on November 3, 1887, it is the oldest students' union in Portugal. It is also the biggest Portuguese students' union belonging to an independent institution, since it represents all the students of its university, who gain automatic membership into the AAC as students of the University of Coimbra. In addition to several departments dedicated to culture and student life, AAC has several sports' departments based in Coimbra. All teams and athletes of the AAC sports departments bear the same  name and logo with black uniforms. This is one of the largest sports clubs of Portugal. The Associação Académica de Coimbra is one of its better known sports clubs across Portugal due to a regular presence on the Portuguese Football Championship and the popularity of football in the country. In rugby (Portuguese Rugby Union Championship), volleyball (Portuguese Volleyball Championship) and basketball (Portuguese Basketball League (LCB)) competitions, AAC is also represented at the highest level, as well as in several olympic disciplines. The chess team is the current Portuguese champion. History. The Associação Académica de Coimbra was predated by several older  student organisations, for example the Orfeon Académico de Coimbra (1880). This choir remains autonomous from the association today. The Associação Académica was founded on the base of the student dramatic society, the Academia Dramática de Coimbra (1849-1887). The main mover was a law student António Luís Gomes. In 1971 student protests led to the Associação Académica being closed down, preceding a round of repression. Organization. The AAC is governed by a "D.G. - Direcção Geral" (Directorate-General, the main board) made up entirely of students of the University of Coimbra; yearly elections take place to name the members of this  board, any student can sign up to be a candidate. All the students of UC are entitled to vote for the AAC board. The current president of the main board is João Assunção. Since the late nineties inside the AAC structure have been created several local student unions, representing courses, departments or sometimes faculties. Known as “Núcleos” (Portuguese for nucleus), these semi-independent unions have their own elected internal organs. All of them represent a major role in the AAC political, cultural, sportive and social life. In 2008 the AAC comprehended 25 of such unions, of which NEFLUC (Students union  of the Faculty of Letters) is the biggest, representing nearly 3000 students. The main building of the Coimbra's Academic Association was inaugurated in 1961 and holds the offices of many sports clubs "(secções desportivas)" and arts sections "(secções culturais)". There are also rehearsal halls, a medical centre, academic services, extensive indoor gardens, a theatre-cinema with approximately 1,000 seats ("Teatro Académico de Gil Vicente"), and a café–restaurant where many students meet up and enjoy a wide selection of foods. AAC is the umbrella organization for a number of autonomous entities, the "organismos autónomos". Some of its better known  former members include Salgado Zenha, Manuel Alegre, António de Almeida Santos, Miguel Torga, António Nobre, Vergílio Ferreira, Zeca Afonso, and Adriano Correia de Oliveira. In addition, the AAC is the organizing and regulating body of the typical student "Praxe" (Praxis) of the University of Coimbra (UC), a rich tradition of rituals and festivities organized by UC's students, for the students. Sports sections. Many sports teams and athletes of the AAC sports clubs have been regularly involved with major national and international sports clubs and competitions. The AAC sports clubs hold many of their training sessions and games in the  University Stadium and Sports Complex of the University of Coimbra located in the Santa Clara area of the city, in the southern bank of the Mondego river. There is also the historical "Campo de Santa Cruz" close by the "Pólo I" campus of the University of Coimbra, the oldest campus of this university, which as facilities that include 2 fields for the practice of several sports events including football, rugby and baseball. The AAC sports clubs include: Arts sections. Among the Arts sections of the AAC, the Coimbra's University radio station is best known for its unique profile, youthful  and refreshing attitude and "avant-garde" style. All the cultural sections of AAC are open to the entire society, promoting respected events, workshops and courses, both for students and the city community. AAC cultural sections include: Autonomous organisations. Besides the sports clubs and the arts sections of the Associação Académica de Coimbra, there are also independent organisations within the AAC, the "Organismos Autónomos". Such as the above-mentioned Orfeon Académico de Coimbra (1880), which today represents the city of Coimbra and the university during its world tours. The same applies to the main football team of the AAC, the Associação  Académica de Coimbra, usually known as "Académica" or "Briosa". This team is amongst the top Portuguese football leagues and was created in 1887. It is a professional football club, established by the AAC and also part of the AAC as an independent club. The AAC football club was the first ever winner of the Portuguese Football Cup, in 1939. Among the autonomous organisations of AAC there are also some well reputed theatre groups with a vast curriculum of acclaimed performances and playing a critical part in the city's cultural life. AAC autonomous organisations include: Events. The AAC is also  responsible for the organization of the "Queima das Fitas", one of the biggest student festivals in Europe and a great event in the city. The "Festa das Latas", a smaller-scale event is the freshman's week of the University of Coimbra, also organised by the AAC. The AAC is the official body of the traditional "Praxe", a sort of students' rite of passage, created by students of the University of Coimbra, which has a code of conduct, the "Código da Praxe"), a book published within the students' union. The Symbol. Before the current logo, the AAC used to be  represented by a black cape to reflect the university's traditional students' uniform. The AAC logo was created by Francisco Pimentel in 1927 by an order of the AAC "Main board". The logo of AAC has a stylized drawing of the University Tower. The Tower of Coimbra's University is the city's «ex-libris» with its iconic bell. The tower's bell is known amongst the students as the "cabra" (she-goat). The tower is of Baroque style by the school of the German-born architect Ludovice who built it between 1728 and 1733. It is almost 34 metres  high, and has a narrow and circular staircase which leads to a belvedere with remarkable views over the university, the historical part of the city centre and the river Mondego. AAC uniqueness. University of Coimbra's AAC is the biggest organization of its kind in Europe. AAC has a long history and unmatched reputation in student sports, cultural activities, and political activism. With a long history of struggle against unpopular state policies, forming notable politicians and intellectuals along the way, it also harbours a very dynamic associative life. Other similar students' unions in the country, such as "(Associação Académica da  Universidade de Lisboa)" (University of Lisbon), "Associação Académica da Universidade de Aveiro" (University of Aveiro), "Associação Académica da Universidade da Beira Interior" (University of Beira Interior), "Associação Académica da Universidade do Minho" (Minho University), or "Associação Académica da Universidade do Algarve" (University of the Algarve), are smaller students' unions by number of associates because its universities have a smaller number of students or because the universities' student's aren't automatically members of the union, with a membership fee being required. In other places in Portugal, there are many independent faculty, institute and school organizations of students from many mother -institutions (universities or polytechnical institutes) that are not representative of the whole mother-institution, being this fragmentation the reason for their smaller size, importance, and strength. There are also federations of students' unions comprising public and private, university and polytechnic independent and not related institutions from a city, like "FAP - Federação Académica do Porto" (from Porto) which is the largest students organization in the country, that do not represent a single university or polytechnic, but many independent federated students' unions from institutions of the most diverse kind. And: