CityEngine
ArcGIS CityEngine is a commercial three-dimensional (3D) modeling software application developed by Esri R&D Center Zurich (formerly Procedural Inc.) and specialises in the generation of 3D urban environments. Using a procedural modeling approach, it supports the creation of detailed large-scale 3D city models. CityEngine works with architectural object placement and arrangement in the same manner that software like VUE manages terrain, ecosystems and atmosphere mapping. Unlike the traditional 3D modeling methodology which uses Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools and techniques, CityEngine takes a different approach to shape generation via a rule-based system. It can also use  Geographic Information System (GIS) datasets due to its integration with the wider Esri/ArcGIS platform. Due to this unique feature set, CityEngine has been used in academic research and built environment professions, e.g., urban planning, architecture, visualization, game development, entertainment, archeology, military and cultural heritage. CityEngine can be used within Building Information Model (BIM) workflows as well as visualizing the data of buildings in a larger urban context, enhancing its working scenario toward real construction projects. History and releases. Developer. In 2007, Procedural Inc. was founded and separated from ETH Zurich, the top-ranking technology university in Switzerland. In the  summer of 2011(), Procedural Inc. was acquired by Esri Inc and became Esri R&D Center Zurich, continually studying in the fields of computer graphics, computer vision, software engineering, finance, marketing, and business. Software. ArcGIS CityEngine (renamed from Esri CityEngine in June 2020) was developed at ETH Zurich by the original author Pascal Mueller, co-founder and CEO of Procedural Inc. During his PhD research at ETH Computer Vision Lab, Mueller invented a number of techniques for procedural modeling of 3D architectural content which make up the foundation of CityEngine. Since CityEngine's public debut in the 2001 SIGGRAPH conference, additional  research papers have contributed to featuring CityEngine. In 2008, the first commercial version of CityEngine was released by the Swiss company Procedural Inc and was used by professionals in urban planning, architecture, visualization, game development, entertainment, GIS, archeology, and cultural heritage. Basic and Advanced license. UK Prices can be found here https://www.esriuk.com/en-gb/store/products/buy/arcgis-cityengine . For Single Use annual it is currently £2,891 per year (excluding VAT). There are no longer two versions (Basic and Advanced) of ArcGIS CityEngine. Features. Procedural Modeling Core (CGA Shape Grammar Language): CGA (computer generated architecture) rules allow to control mass, geometry assets, proportions, or texturing of  buildings or streets on a citywide scale. ("More details can be seen in the "Procedural Modeling" section.") Get Map Data: Users can create a 3D urban environment in few minutes via the download helper; Users can select a target location and import geo-referenced satellite imagery and 3D terrain of that place. If they are available in the OpenStreetMap (OSM), the data of street and building footprint can be easily retrieved to build 3D models via default CGA rules. GIS/CAD Data Support: Support for industry-standard formats such as Esri Shapefile, File Geodatabase and OpenStreetMap which allow to import /export any geo-spatial/vector data. Parametric Modeling Interface: An interface to interactively control specific street or building parameters, such as the height or age (defined by the CGA rules) Dynamic City Layouts: Interactive design, editing and modification of urban layouts consisting of (curved) streets, blocks and parcels. Map-Controlled City Modeling: Global control of buildings and street parameters through image maps (for example the building heights or the landuse-mix). Street Networks Patterns: Street grow tools to design and construct urban layouts. Support for Industry-Standard 3D Formats: CityEngine supports KMZ, Collada, Autodesk FBX, 3DS, Wavefront OBJ, RenderMan RIB , Alembic, e-on software's Vue, Universal Scene Description USD, Khronos Group GLTF and Unreal Datasmith. Custom Report Generation: Users can script and generate rule-based reports to show social-economic figures (e.g., Gross Floor Area (GFA), Floor Area Ratio (FAR)) and to analyze their urban design proposals. I3S (Scene Layer Package) Export: Models built in CityEngine can be directly exported and then used to create a WebGL scene in a browser across via ArcGIS Online Scene viewer. I3S is an OGC compliant standard. 3D Web Scene Export: The model built in CityEngine can be directly exported and then used  to create a WebGL scene in a browser. The 3D environment in the web scene can be rotated, explored, compared and commented online by multiple users. 360 VR Experience: The scenarios of urban environments can be used to generate a series of panoramic photos for publishing them online. Users can look around by turning their heads in virtual reality (VR) headsets. (Currently, it only supports Samsung Oculus Gear) Python Scripting Interface: CityEngine provides ce.py as a built-in library. Facade Wizard: Rule creator and visual facade authoring tool. 3D Format Support for Game Engines (VR/AR): Now the model built  in CityEngine can be directly exported to Unreal Engine, with the loading capacity of tens of millions of polygons and tens of thousands of objects, as well as non-limited material textures. Meanwhile, exporting to Unity3D still requires users to use Autodesk Maya as a transfer station. Available for All Platforms: Available for Windows (64bit only), Mac OS X (64bit), and Linux (32/64bit). Procedural Modeling. CityEngine uses a procedural modeling approach to automatically generate models through a predefined rule set. The rules are defined through a CGA shape grammar system enabling the creation of complex parametric models. Users can change  or add the shape grammar as much as needed providing room for new designs. Modeling an urban environment within CityEngine can start out with creating a street network either with the street drawing tool or with data imported from openstreetmap.org or from Esri data formats such as Shapefiles or File Geodatabase. The next step is to subdivide all the lots as many times as specified resulting in a map of lots and streets. By selecting all or some of the lots CityEngine can be instructed to start generating the buildings. Due to the procedural modeling technology, all buildings can be  made to vary from one another to achieve an urban aesthetic. At this point the city model can be re-designed and adjusted by changing parameters or the shape grammar itself. CGA Shape Grammar system can read Esri-Oracle format datasets directly, and it operates as a top-bottom generation tree: it generates complex components from simple Shapefiles polygons/poly-lines/points whereas each branch and leaf of the generation tree cannot interact with others. It is different than mainstream shape grammars like Grasshopper in Rhinoceros 3D and Dynamo in Autodesk Revit. Relevant applications. Traditionally, building a 3D urban  environment is very time-consuming resulted from numerous buildings and details of a city. Designers used CAD software to create shapes one by one, and researchers analyzed cities by computing 2D information in GIS (GIS only supports limited 3D shape generation like extrusion.) CityEngine's Procedural Modeling system makes it possible to generate complex 3D models via information massively, bringing a large number of relevant applications. It not only enhances the workflow of urban design/study/planning and merges to a new field of study called Geodesign (means using geospatial information to design a city), but also lowers the threshold  of making city environments in game and movie industry. Geodesign. Discussions on geodesign often mention the use of Esri CityEngine, although it is not an analytical tool like GIS. As a crucial tool to enhance 3D shape generation in ArcGIS, Esri CityEngine is the critical product to improve the applicability of GeoDesign, using geospatial information to design or analyze a city. Urban design and planning. Garsdale Design were early pioneers of Esri CityEngine in the creation of city master plans in Iraq pre-2013. using it to not just model existing historic areas but also model future plans. Larger companies like  Foster+Partners and HOK Architects have also used CityEngine in their sizable urban planning projects. Before using that, it took them numerous work hours on creating interactive visualizations of hundred thousands of buildings. With CityEngine, the designers and clients of projects can communicate via craft fluid, data-rich, and real-time rendered experiences. Urban studies. Due to its dominant feature in building informative city models, urban researchers are using CityEngine to compare land-use planning schemes, starting from the densest global cities such as Hong Kong and Seoul. When urban designers/planners enjoy the quantitive analyst, environmental scientists also like the  instant 3D model generation in CityEngine, leading to more convenient informative research out of the time-consumption on creating a city from each building. Game development. Triple-A Games require detailed 3D environments to assign interactive scripts, causing CityEngine's participation in the creation of game scene. Currently, game scenes become larger than that of old video games ten years ago. Large sandbox or open-world games such as GTA series or Assassin Creeds series need millions of distinguished 3D buildings in their virtual world. Designing these games with instantly testing and editing can reduce workloads and increase the rationality  of a game scene in the gameplay. Movie industry. "Zootopia", which won the 2016 Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film, used CityEngine to establish an impressive metropolis where humans don't exist. From giraffes to shrews, animals own diverse scales in the system of transportation, houses, and amenities. To build up a multi-scaling city, the designers used CityEngine due to its rule-based system. Before Zootopia (also known as Zootroplis in countries outside the USA), CityEngine was also used to create the Japanese-style city—San Fransokyo—in "Big Hero 6" . Military. ArcGIS CityEngine due to its integration  with the Esri product suite and its ability to process geospatial data to create 3D scenes/maps is being used within military/defense organisations. Ports. ArcGIS CityEngine is built on top of Eclipse IDE and has therefore been built for use on Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems.