Lycée de Garçons de Luxembourg
The Lycée de Garçons de Luxembourg () is a high school in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg. The Lycée is located in the Limpertsberg quarter, in the north-west of the city and is currently considered to be among the top secondary institutions in Luxembourg. Today, it is a mixed school, girls are allowed since the 60s. The origins of the Lycée de Garçons go back to the first half of the 19th century, when Luxembourg saw the birth of industry and financial institutions alongside archaic agriculture and craftsmanship. The Athénée de Luxembourg's main mission  being to train the country's intellectual elite on the basis of an education that was above all humanistic, there was an obvious need to give life to a school that could train engineers and accountants. Thus, the law of July 23, 1848 on higher and middle education created within the Athénée "an industrial school open to young people destined for the arts, industry and commerce". The Gymnasium, continued to provide humanistic education based on the learning of ancient languages. The Athénée thus housed two schools within its walls until the adoption of the law of March 28, 1892, which  separated the Industrial School from the Gymnasium and placed it under special management. This was the birth of the "Ecole commerciale et industrielle", ancestor of the Lycée de Garçons de Luxembourg. The two schools were initially housed under the same roof of the present National Library of Luxembourg near the city's cathedral. This promiscuity, which was conducive to conflicts between the principals and students of the two schools, would not end until September 1908 with the inauguration of the red brick building on the Place Auguste Laurent designed by the architect Gustave Serta. It is this same building that  still houses the Lycée de Garçons nowadays. German troops occupied the building in August 1914, but left before the start of the school year. The German occupation had less impact on school life than on freedom of expression. Pupils and their teachers had to refrain from any political discussion and from any action that could be considered provocative by the occupying forces. The inter-war period was conducive to the development of science departments. Since students attending the "Cours supérieurs" science section, were following the same course as the students of the Industrial and Commercial School's "Première Industrielle", laboratories  were set up and equipped. The science departments took advantage of this opportunity to enrich their collections. Many of them are now part of the exceptional collection of old scientific instruments that the LGL is proud to put on display. In 1940, as part of the policy of "germanization" of the country, the Nazi occupier began to dismantle the Industrial and Commercial School and replace it with a "Gymnasium"-type high school. Thus, two institutions were set up within the same building: the "Staatliche Limpertsberg-Oberschule für Jungen" and the "Goethe-Schule", a German-type school in its organization and in  terms of the subjects taught. At the high school, a climate of terror was created among the students and teachers. Teachers were obliged to participate in compulsory indoctrination courses in Germany and students were encouraged to enroll in the "Hitlerjugend", otherwise they would be expelled. Recalcitrant teachers were dismissed and replaced. From September 1942 onwards, many pupils were forcibly enlisted to wear the abhorred Wehrmacht uniform. Most of them found themselves on the Russian front. Some would never see their country again. The Industrial and Commercial School thus paid a heavy price during the Second World War. From 1945 on  the LGL, in addition to the traditional sections, has been housing gymnasium classes identical to those of the Athénée. The school, renamed "Lycée de Garçons de Luxembourg", now provides secondary education leading to a diploma that opens its baccalaureates the doors to any university worldwide. By the law of May 10, 1968 introducing coeducation in the Grand Duchy, the LGL ceased to be a high school for boys only but still preserves the name. In over 125 years, the Lycée de Garçons de Luxembourg has spanned three centuries and two world wars, it has hosted middle school, technical and commercial  education, classical education and university courses. It was created to meet the challenges of industrialization and the expansion of a fledgling Luxembourg and most certainly is and will be able to adapt its profile to the demands of 21st century society.