Givatayim
Givatayim (, lit. "two hills") is a city in Israel east of Tel Aviv. It is part of the metropolitan area known as Gush Dan. Givatayim was established in 1922 by pioneers of the Second Aliyah. In it had a population of . The name of the city comes from the "two hills" on which it was established: Borochov Hill and Kozlovsky Hill. Kozlovsky is the highest hill in the Gush Dan region at above sea level. The city was expanded in the 1930s so that today it is actually situated on 4 hills, Borochov, Kozlovsky, the Poalei HaRakevet ("railroad workers '"), and Rambam Hill. Geography. Givatayim is located east of Tel Aviv, and is bordered on the north and east by Ramat Gan. History. Antiquity. Archaeological remains of a Calcolithic settlement have been found at the site of what is now Givatayim. British Mandate era. The modern town was founded on April 2, 1922 by a group of 22 Second Aliyah pioneers led by David Schneiderman. The group purchased 300 dunams () of land on the outskirts of Tel Aviv that became the Borochov Neighbourhood ("Shechunat/Shekhunat Borochov"), the first workers' neighbourhood in the country. It was named for Dov Ber Borochov , founder of the Poalei Zion workers' party. Later, another 70 families joined the group, receiving smaller plots. The land was purchased with their private savings, but was voluntarily transferred to the Jewish National Fund, which organized Jewish settlement at the time, in keeping with the pioneers' socialist beliefs. Shechunat Borochov is credited for a number of innovations in the early Jewish settlement movement, including establishing the first cooperative grocery store ("Tzarkhaniya", "Consumer") that still functioned in the same location into the 1980s. Over time, more neighborhoods developed: Sheinkin (1936; named after Menahem Sheinkin), Givat Rambam (1933; named after Maimonides), Kiryat  Yosef (1934; named after the biblical figure), and Arlozorov (1936; named after Haim Arlosoroff). All these neighborhoods were merged to form a local council in August 1942. State of Israel. Givatayim was declared a city in 1959. Education and culture. Givatayim has 41 kindergartens, 9 elementary schools and 4 high schools. As of 2018, the city has one of the highest rate of secondary school matriculation in the country. Mayor Ruven Ben-Shachar initiated a special high school exam assistance program that after 3 years resulted in an 11% increase of high school test results in 2010. Thelma Yellin High  School for the Arts alumni include Shira Haas, Ohad Knoller, Ilanit, Mili Avital, Ziv Koren and Maya Dunietz. Urban development. Eurocom Tower is a 70-story skyscraper consisting of four apartment towers and a 50-story office building. A large square connects to surrounding areas with bridges and underground passes. The complex is near Ramat Gan and its Diamond Exchange District. In addition to Eurocom Tower, other high-rise projects are planned for the city. According to former Givatayim mayor Reuven Ben-Shahar, the municipality's policy is to promote high-rise construction on the city's outer edges, while  preserving the fabric of residential neighborhoods deeper within the city, including the city center. Reuven Ben-Shahar was the first candidate from Kadima that won a city election and the first mayor in Givatayim that was not from the Israeli Labor Party Twin towns & sister cities. Givatayim is twinned with: