Lorraine cycle
The 12th-century "chanson de geste" of Garin le Loherain ('Garin the Lotharingian'), together with the slightly later Girbert de Metz, form the core and initial parts of the so-called Lorraine cycle, which was expanded in the 13th century by a prequel and three sequels. The cycle is one of the fiercest and most sanguinary narratives left by the "trouvères". This local cycle of Lorraine appears to have a historical basis. Although the actions as recorded cannot be identified with specific historical events, the poems are valuable depictions of the savage feudal wars in the 11th  and 12th centuries. Modern analysis. This local cycle of epics of Lorraine traditional history has reached us in what is considered to be a late form, which by then included details adopted from "Huon de Bordeaux" and "Ogier the Dane". An early 20th-century critic suggested that these poems resume historical traditions going back to the Vandal irruption of 408 and the Battle of Chalons fought by the Romans and the West Goths against the Huns in 451. According to Paulin Paris (1800–1881), the family of Bordeaux represents the early dukes of Aquitaine, the last of whom, Waifar (745-768 ) was dispossessed and slain by Pippin the Short, king of the Franks; but the "trouvères" had no doubt in mind the wars which marked the end of the Carolingian dynasty. Structure. The Lorraine cycle consists of the initial two epics of Garin and Girbert of Metz, expanded through three later-written parts, a prequel and three sequels, which together are hard to reduce to a linear narrative: Content. The cycle relates three wars against hosts of heathen invaders. In the first of these, Charles Martel and his faithful vassal Hervis de Metz fight by an extraordinary anachronism against the Vandals , who have destroyed Reims and besieged other cities. They are defeated in a great battle near Troyes. In the second, Hervis is besieged in Metz by the "Wandres" or "Hongres". He sends first for help to Pippin, who defers his assistance by the advice of the traitor Hardré. Hervis then transfers his allegiance to Ansis of Cologne, by whose help the invaders are repulsed, though Hervis himself is slain. In the third Thierry, king of Morianel sends to Pippin for help against four Saracen kings. He is delivered by a Frankish host, but falls in the battle. Hervis of Metz  was the son of a citizen to whom the duke of Lorraine had married his daughter Aelis, and his sons Garin and Begue are the heroes of the "chanson", which gives its name to the cycle. The dying king Thierry had desired that his daughter Blanchefleur should marry Garin, but when Garin prefers his suit at the court of Pippin, Fromont of Bordeaux puts himself forward as his rival and Hardré, Fromont's father, is slain by Garin. The rest of the poem is taken up with the war that ensues between the Lorrainers and the men of Bordeaux. They  finally submit their differences to the king, only to begin their disputes once more. Blanchefleur becomes the wife of Pippin, while Garin remains her faithful servant. One of the most famous passages of the poem is the assassination of Begue by a nephew of Fromont, and Garin, after laying waste his enemy's territory, is himself slain. The remaining songs continue the feud between the two families.