Tu Long
Tu Long (; Wade-Giles: T'u Lung, 1542–1605), was a playwright and essayist who lived during the Ming Dynasty. He was born in Yin county (now Yin county, in suburb of Ningbo city, Zhejiang). In 1577, Tu Long obtained the degree of jinshi. He later became the Chief Magistrate of Qingpu (now Qingpu county, Shanghai ). He lost his position as Secretary of the Ministry of Rites after launching licentious parties with boy prostitutes; after that, he concentrated on writing plays and essays. Tu Long rejected the adherence to strict ancient format, he advocated that a writer must write from  his heart. He lived 62–63 years. Works. He was a notable author of the xiaopin, a form of short literary essay. Tu Long is best known internationally for his work on the art of living: Kao Pan Yu Shi, (考槃余事, "Desultory Remarks on Furnishing the Abode of the Retired Scholar"), first published in 1606. "Desultory Remarks" has fifteen treatises: 1. Calligraphy and books 2. Rubbings 3. Paintings 4. Paper 5. Ink 6. Brushes 7. Inkstones 8. "Qin" ("zithers") 9. Incense 10. Tea 11. Potted plants 12. Fish and birds 13. Mountain studio 14. Necessities of life and dress 15. Utensils  of the studio The art historian Craig Clunas suggests that the "Desultory Remarks" is essentially a compendium, gathered from other existing sources, such as Gao Lian's "Eight Treatises on the Nurturing of Life", (for which Tu Long wrote a preface). Whether or not this is the case, Tu Long's discourses certainly had greater immediate recognition and influence; they were much more widely cited in later collections, and were a primary source for Wen Zhenheng's Treatise of Superfluous Things.