1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in different states between July 1822 and August 1823 during President James Monroe's second term. Following the 1820 Census, Congress added 26 seats to the House. Most relative population growth was in the West. This was the last House election during the virtually nonpartisan Era of Good Feelings and the largest midterm gain of seats by a President's party. The Democratic-Republican Party remained nationally dominant, and the Federalist Party limited to state and  local influence. This election heralded key change not apparent until the end of the 18th Congress. The four-way 1824 presidential election, in which all candidates ran as Democratic-Republicans, would result in no candidate winning an Electoral College majority. Representatives elected to the 18th Congress are often classified by how they voted in the 1825 contingent election, which after a controversial, unanticipated political deal chose John Quincy Adams President, triggering a new, rancorous, abruptly realigned period of partisanship. Election summaries. Following the 1820 Census, 26 new seats were apportioned, with 4 States losing 1 seat each, 9 States gaining  between 1 and 8 seats, and the remaining 11 States having no change in apportionment. Special elections. There were special elections in 1822 and 1823 to the 17th United States Congress and 18th United States Congress. Special elections are sorted by date then district. 17th Congress. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 18th Congress. ! ! ! Alabama. Alabama increased from one to three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. The state then changed from a single at-large district to three geographic districts. Alabama elected its members August 3, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. ! ! ! Arkansas Territory. See Non-voting  delegates, below. Connecticut. Connecticut lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Connecticut elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. ! | Delaware. Delaware was reduced once more from two back to one seat after the Fourth Census, which number has remained constant to the present day. At the time of the October 1, 1822 election, the second seat in Delaware's at-large district was vacant, so there was only one incumbent going into the election. ! | Florida Territory. See Non-voting delegates, below. Georgia. Georgia gained one  seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Georgia elected its members October 7, 1822. ! | Illinois. Illinois elected its sole at-large member August 5, 1822. ! Indiana. Indiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census, and elected its members August 5, 1822. Indiana's single at-large seat in the 17th Congress was empty at the time of the election, previous incumbent William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) having resigned to run for Governor of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings (Jackson Democratic-Republican), elected to the new , was elected in the ensuing special election to fill the at -large district for the remainder of the 17th Congress. ! ! ! Kentucky. Kentucky gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Kentucky elected its members August 5, 1822. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Louisiana. Louisiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Louisiana elected its members July 1–3, 1822. ! ! ! Maine. Although Maine neither gained nor lost seats after the 1820 United States Census, redistricting placed two incumbents into the . Maine elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. Maine law required a majority for election, with additional ballots taken if a majority  were not achieved. This proved necessary in 1822 in the , , , and districts, but all members were still chosen before the new Congress convened. ! ! ! | ! ! ! ! Maryland. Maryland elected its members October 7, 1822. ! ! ! ! ! | ! ! ! Massachusetts. Massachusetts elected its members November 4, 1822. Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in 3 districts, necessitating additional elections on March 3, 1823 and May 12, 1823; nevertheless, all elections were complete before the new Congress convened. District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Michigan Territory. See Non-voting delegates , below. Mississippi. Mississippi elected its member August 5–6, 1822. ! Missouri. Missouri elected its member October 7, 1822. ! New Hampshire. New Hampshire elected its members August 26, 1822. New Hampshire law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters for election, that is 1/12 of votes. Only five candidates received the requisite majority, and so a May 11, 1823 run-off election was held for the sixth seat. ! | New Jersey. New Jersey elected its members October 15, 1822. ! | New York. New York's representation increased after the 1820 United States Census from 27 to 34 seats , elected from 30 districts, two with two members each, and one with three members. New York elected its members November 4–6, 1822. As in the previous election, the Democratic-Republican Party in New York was divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" and the Clintonians, which distinction is not marked here. The Clintonians and the Federalists ran on a joint ticket in 1822 as in 1821, in some cases, it's unclear which party a candidate belonged to, those are marked Crawford Federalist. ! ! ! | ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! | ! ! ! ! ! ! | ! ! ! ! North Carolina. North Carolina's delegation remained unchanged after the census, at thirteen seats. North  Carolina elected its members August 14, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ohio. Ohio gained eight seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Ohio elected its members October 8, 1822. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania gained three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Pennsylvania elected its members October 8, 1822. ! ! ! ! | ! ! ! | ! | ! | ! ! | ! ! John Brown ! ! ! ! | ! ! Rhode Island. Rhode Island elected its members August 27, 1822. ! | South Carolina. South Carolina elected its members February 12–13, 1823. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tennessee. Tennessee gained three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Tennessee  elected its members August 7–8, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Vermont. Vermont lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. For the 1822 election, Vermont switched back to using a single at-large district. This would be the last year that Vermont would use an at-large district until 1932, when its representation was reduced to a single seat. Vermont elected its members September 3, 1822. ! | Virginia. Virginia lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Nineteen incumbents ran for re-election leaving three open seats. Virginia  elected its members in April 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Non-voting delegates. There were three territories with the right to send delegates to the 18th Congress. ! ! | !