Vulgate manuscripts
The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible that was to become the Catholic Church's officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible during the 16th century, and is still used in the Latin Church to this day. The text of the Vulgate is kept in numerous manuscripts. History. The Vulgate exists in many forms. The "Codex Amiatinus" is the oldest surviving complete manuscript; it dates from the 8th century. A number of early manuscripts containing or reflecting the Vulgate survive today. Dating from the 8th century, the "Codex Amiatinus" is the earliest surviving manuscript  of the complete Vulgate Bible. The "Codex Fuldensis", dating from around 547, contains most of the New Testament in the Vulgate version, but the four gospels are harmonized into a continuous narrative derived from the Diatessaron. Alcuin of York oversaw efforts to make an improved Vulgate, which most argue he presented to Charlemagne in 801. He concentrated mainly on correcting inconsistencies of grammar and orthography, many of which were in the original text. More scholarly attempts were made by Theodulphus, Bishop of Orléans (787?–821); Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury (1070–1089); Stephen Harding, Abbot of Cîteaux (1109–1134); and Deacon Nicolaus Maniacoria (mid-12th  century). The University of Paris, the Dominicans, and the Franciscans following Roger Bacon assembled lists of "correctoria"; approved readings where variants had been noted. Many of the readings that were recommended were later found to be interpolations, or survivals of the "Vetus Latina" text, since medieval correctors commonly sought to adjust the Vulgate text into consistency with Bible quotations found in early Church Fathers. List of manuscripts. Old Testament. List of some manuscripts from the Stuttgart Vulgate (officially known as "Biblia Sacra iuxta vulgatam versionem") with "siglum" from the same source; no name means the Stuttgart Vulgate did not give  it a name, no provenance means the Stuttgart Vulgate did not give it a provenance: New Testament. Identification. The list of manuscripts below is based on citations in "Novum Testamentum Graece" (NA27) and "The Greek New Testament" (UBS4). Each manuscript is identified first by its siglum (the first column, s., in the table), as given by the critical apparatus of the editions mentioned. These sigla are related to content, so are not unique. For example, the letter "S" refers to Codex Sangallensis 1395 in the gospels, but to Codex Sangallensis 70 in the Pauline epistles. So sigla need disambiguation. In  the table below, this is done by providing a full name. Additionally, the standard unique serial number for each manuscript is provided. Taken together sigla, name and number provide unambiguous identification, and some further information regarding the content, history and relationship of manuscripts. Sigla, names and numbers exist to serve different scholastic purposes. Sigla, in the context of reference to an "original" document, provide unique and concise identification of witnesses to the text of that original, suited to minimizing the space taken by citation in a critical apparatus. Names, on the other hand, normally refer to specific handwritten "volumes" (often  including other text), either as originally bound or in their current form. Names are typically Latin, and can refer to the place of composition (Codex Sangallensis, "Book from St. Gall") or rediscovery (Stonyhurst Gospel), the current location (Liber Ardmachanus, "Book of Armagh"), a famous owner (Codex Bezae, "Theodore Beza's Book"), a volume's function (Liber Comicus, "The Lectionary"), or can even refer to physical characteristics of a volume (Codex Gigas, "The Huge Book" or Codex Aureus, "The Gold Book"). The Book of Mulling is also known as Liber Moliensis after the name of the scribe, as tradition has it . It must also be observed that certain Latin NT manuscripts may present a mixture of Vulgate and "Vetus Latina" texts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g ) is "Vetus Latina" in Matthew, but Vulgate in the rest of the Gospels. Also, the text of John in Codex Veronensis is believed to be part "Vetus Latina" and part Vulgate.