List of English prepositions
This is a list of English prepositions. Prototypical prepositions. The following are single-word prepositions that can take a noun phrase complement following the preposition. Prepositions in this section may also take other kinds of complements in addition to noun phrase complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk can be used transitively or intransitively; that is, they can take noun phrase complements (e.g., "he was in the house") or not (e.g., "he was in"). Intransitive prepositions. The following are single-word intransitive prepositions. This portion of the list includes only prepositions that are always intransitive; prepositions that  can occur with or without noun phrase complements (that is, transitively or intransitively) are listed with the prototypical prepositions. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these intransitive prepositions as adverbs. Conjunctive Prepositions. The following are single-word prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take non-finite clauses as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions. Postpositions. The following are postpositions, prepositions whose complements typically precede them. Note that some grammars  classify prepositions and postpositions as different kinds of adpositions while other grammars categorize both under the heading of the more common variety in the language. Complex prepositions. The following are prepositions that consist of multiple words. They are categorized according to their structure. Preposition + (article) + noun + preposition. English has many idiomatic expressions that act as prepositions that can be analyzed as a preposition followed by a noun (sometimes preceded by the definite or, occasionally, indefinite article) followed by another preposition. Common examples include: Other complex prepositions. The following complex prepositions do not follow either of the common  structures for complex prepositions. Archaic, dialectal, or specialized. The following prepositions are not widely used in Present-Day English. Some, such as "bating" and "forby", are archaic and typically only used to convey the tone of a bygone era. Others, such as "ayond" and "side", are generally used only by speakers of a particular variety of English. Yet others are generally only used in specialized contexts, such as "abaft" in nautical settings and "dehors" in law.