Andrzej Friszke
Andrzej Friszke (born 29 August 1956 in Olsztyn) is a Polish historian and lecturer. He specializes in the history of communist Poland and the democratic opposition to the communist regime. Friszke graduated in 1979 from the Department of History of the University of Warsaw. Since 1980 he has worked in the Club of Catholic Intellectuals in Warsaw. In 1981 he worked as a newspaper editor of the history section of the "Solidarność" weekly. Since 1982 he has also been an editor of the history section of "Więź" magazine. Since 1990 Friszke has worked at the Institute of Political  Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Since 1995 he has lectured at the Collegium Civitas. In 1999 he was appointed to the Collegium of the Institute of National Remembrance and worked there until 2007. In 2006 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. In 1994 he received a doctoral degree in historical science, and in 2000 he was habilitated. On 25 September 2009 President Lech Kaczyński awarded him a professorial degree.