Charles Dirba
Charles Dirba (; 1887–1969) was a Latvian-American co-founder of the Communist Party of America (CPA) and Communist Party USA (CPUSA). Background. Kārlis Dirba was born on January 14, 1887. He studied at Kalnciema Pagastskola and later at Riga Polytechnic Institute. Career. In 1903, Dirba joined the Social Democrats and by 1905 a revolutionary. In 1907, he emigrated to the United States and by 1908 had joined the Socialist Party of America. In 1919, Dirba was a co-founder of the Communist Party of America (CPA), following negotiations with Alfred Wagenknecht of the rival United Communist Party. He  attended the 1922 Bridgman Convention. By the end of 1922, a single Workers Party of America had emerged. In 1928, Dirba served as secretary of the Central Committee of the Party's Latvian Group (through 1939). In 1929, he was elected secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party USA (successor to the CPA). In the late 1920s as the Communist Party USA took form and was expelling Lovestoneites, Dirba took part in the purge of suspected Lovestoneite Whittaker Chambers, then an editor at the "Daily Worker". In his 1952 memoir "Witness", Chambers briefly recounted his own purge, delivered  by Dirba: During the Scottsboro Boys Case, Diba served as assistant secretary of the International Labor Defense (ILD). In 1938, Dirba urged the CPUSA to purge its own members in a manner similar to the Moscow Trials of the Great Purge. In 1946, Dirba became a member of the Los Angeles section of the CPUSA through 1950. In 1947, the Lithuanian-American newspaper "Draugas" called Dirba "an extremely shadowy figure who is the confidential agent of the all-powerful Comintern in the western hemisphere, according to Igor Gouzenko, former cipher clerk in the Soviet embassy in Ottawa." In 1950, ex -communist Louis F. Budenz described Dirba during the 1940s: In 1962, Dirba was a member of the American Latvian Workers' Union through 1969. Espionage. Historians Harvey Klehr and John Earl Haynes Jr. have argued that CPUSA leaders (e.g., Earl Browder) doubled as either spies or spy recruiters, and they include Dirba among those. They state that Dirba used the codename "Lapin" and "K. Lapin" when sending messages to "Randolph" (which they deem a "generic pseudonym" for American representatives to the Comintern). Specifically, in VENONA document # 39, Lapin tells Randolph that "a food worker here in New York reports that he  has overheard Solomon Rechter's brother boasting to somebody else that Solomon Rechter, in Moscow, was carrying on underground work for Zionist 'black shirts'–the Zhabotinsky group." The sender signed off "Comradely yours, K.Lapin, Sec.CCC" Death. Charles Dirba died age 82 on February 23, 1969. Works. Dirba served as fourth and final editor of "Amerikas Cīņa" ("Struggle of America") (1926–1934), the official Latvian organ of the Workers Party of America and the American Latvian Workers' Union .