Frédéric Barbier (composer)
Frédéric Barbier (15 November 1829 – 12 February 1889) was a 19th-century French composer. Biography. Frédéric Barbier was born in Metz, Lorraine, and was the son of Félix Henri Barbier and Adélaide Josephine Rosalie Rousseau. Barbier pursued a career in literary studies at Bourges College, while taking lessons in solfège, piano, harmony and counterpoint with Henry Darondeau, an organist in one of the churches of the city. His father, an engineer officer, wanted to see him join the École Polytechnique, of which he himself had been a pupil. But in 1848, the De Gasperi V Cabinet had  created a new school, and the young Barbier preferred to compete for the latter and was admitted. This school was disbanded soon after and he began to study law. But music attracted him more and more. In 1852, Frédéric Barbier had already written and presented in Bourges a small one-act opéra comique, "Le Mariage de Colombine", but considered moving to Paris. Presented by influential figures to Edmond Seveste, then director of the Théâtre Lyrique, he met Adolphe Adam. Thanks to his advice and lessons of the latter, his first work "Une Nuit à Séville",a one-act opéra comique, was  played at the Théâtre Lyrique on 14 September 1855 and was warmly welcomed. Two months later, on 21 November, Frédéric Barbier gave the same theatre a new one act work entitled "Rose et Narcissus", in which was also very successful. Within 20 years, Barbier had over sixty more or less important works presented in every small opera house of Paris and in cafés-chantant, most of them in one act and approaching more and more the genre of comic operettas. He composed for the Eldorado, the Alcazar, the Ba-ta-clan, the Folies-Belleville, the Théâtre des Bouffes du Nord , etc., a great many number of operettas, saynètes, pantomimes and ballets. Besides his opera production, Barbier wrote about 300 duets, romances, vocal "mélodies", many dance music pieces, concert marches and orchestral fantasies on opera motifs, choirs for men voice, galops, valses, mazurkas, polkas, etc. In 1867, he was conductor at Théâtre International, and from 1873, he directed the orchestra at l'Alcazar d'Été, a position he shared with Henry Litolff. He collaborated as a critic to some small newspapers such as "L'Avenir musical" (1853), and "L'Indépendance dramatique".