Newspaper of record
A newspaper of record is a major newspaper with large circulation whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered authoritative. It may also refer to a newspaper that has been authorized to publish public or legal notices, thus serving as a newspaper of public record. Newspapers of public record. A "newspaper of public record", sometimes referred to as a government gazette, refers to a publicly available newspaper that has been authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices. It is often established by statute or official action and publication of notices within it, whether by  the government or a private party, is usually considered sufficient to comply with legal requirements for public notice. In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the public authorities to publish public and legal notices, or be otherwise eligible to publish said notices (terms used may include "newspaper of general circulation" among others). Likewise, a private newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices, such as notices of fictitious business names, if certain judicial and statutory standards are met. These are sometimes referred to as "legally adjudicated newspapers". Newspapers of record by reputation. The second  type of "newspaper of record" (also known as a "journal of record", or by the French term "") is not defined by any formal criteria and its characteristics can be variable. The category typically consists of those newspapers that are considered to meet higher standards of journalism than most print media, including editorial independence and attention to accuracy, and are usually renowned internationally. Despite changes in society, such newspapers have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions. Etymology. The term is believed to have originated among librarians who began referring to "The New York Times" as the  newspaper of record when it became the first U.S. newspaper in 1913 to publish an index of the subjects covered in its pages. In recognition of the usage, "The New York Times" held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate "The Value of "The New York Times" Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record". "The New York Times", and other newspapers of its type, then sought to be chroniclers of events, acting as a record of the day's announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings, transcripts and appointments. The "New York Times" no longer considers itself a  newspaper of record in the original, literal sense. Over time, historians began to rely on "The New York Times" and similar titles as a reliable archival record of significant past events and a gauge of societal opinions at the time of printing. The term "newspaper of record" evolved from its original literal sense to its currently understood meaning.