Ganna Walska
Ganna Walska (born Hanna Puacz on June 26, 1887 – March 2, 1984) was a Polish opera singer and garden enthusiast who created the Lotusland botanical gardens at her mansion in Montecito, California. She was married six times, four times to wealthy husbands. The lavish promotion of her lackluster opera career by her fourth husband, Harold Fowler McCormick, inspired aspects of the screenplay for "Citizen Kane". Biography. Ganna Walska was born Hanna Puacz on 26 June 1887 in Brest, Russian Empire, to Polish parents Napoleon Puacz and Karolina Massalska. Ganna is a Ukrainian form of Hannah, and Walska "reminiscent  of her favorite music, the waltz". In 1922, after her marriage to Harold F. McCormick, Ganna Walska purchased the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris. She told the "Chicago Tribune" that she had invested her own funds, not those of her wealthy husband, and said, "I will never appear in my own theatre until I have gained recognition based solely on my merits as an artist." Walska became a student of vocal teacher Cécile Gilly. Marjorie Lawrence, another student of Gilly's, stated that it was clear that Walska had little aptitude for music, but that Gilly took her on  for the money. Walska pursued a career as an opera singer. The lavish promotion of her opera career by McCormick—despite her apparent reputation as a mediocre singer—inspired aspects of the screenplay for Orson Welles's "Citizen Kane". Roger Ebert, in his DVD commentary on "Citizen Kane," suggests that the character of Susan Alexander was based on Walska. McCormick spent thousands of dollars on voice lessons for her and even arranged for Walska to take the lead in a production of "Zazà" by Ruggero Leoncavallo at the Chicago Opera in 1920. Reportedly, Walska got into an argument with director  Pietro Cimini during dress rehearsal and stormed out of the production before she appeared. Contemporaries said Walska had a terrible voice, pleasing only to McCormick. "New York Times" headlines of the day read, "Ganna Walska Fails as Butterfly: Voice Deserts Her Again When She Essays Role of Puccini's Heroine" (January 29, 1925), and "Mme. Walska Clings to Ambition to Sing" (July 14, 1927). "According to her 1943 memoirs, "Always Room at the Top," Walska had tried every sort of fashionable mumbo jumbo to conquer her nerves and salvage her voice," reported "The New York Times" in 1996. "Nothing worked . During a performance of Giordano's "Fedora" in Havana she veered so persistently off key that the audience pelted her with rotten vegetables. It was an event that Orson Welles remembered when he began concocting the character of the newspaper publisher's second wife for "Citizen Kane"." In 1926 Walska purchased the Duchess of Marlborough Fabergé egg that had been offered by Consuelo Vanderbilt at a charity auction. It was later acquired by Malcolm Forbes as the first Easter egg in his Fabergé egg collection. Ganna Walska died on March 2, 1984, at Lotusland, leaving her garden and her fortune  to the Ganna Walska Lotusland Foundation. Marriages. Ganna Walska was married six times: Lotusland. In 1941, with the encouragement of her sixth husband Theos Bernard, she purchased the historic "Cuesta Linda" estate in Montecito near Santa Barbara, California, intending to use it as a retreat for Tibetan monks. Due to restrictions on wartime visas, the monks were unable to come to the United States. After her divorce from Bernard in 1946, Walska changed the name of her estate to Lotusland (after a famous flower held sacred in Indian and Tibetan religions, the lotus, "Nelumbo nucifera") and the lotus growing in  several of her garden's ponds. She devoted the rest of her life to designing, redesigning, expanding, and maintaining the estate's renowned innovative and extensive gardens. Her landscape design talent is well regarded for distinctive gardens of exceptional creativity.