Lubuagan
', officially the ' is a in the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. It is north of Manila and from Tabuk. Lubuagan Municipality, once the seat of the National Government from March 6 to May 17, 1900, during the time of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, was among the eight (8) municipalities of the new province of Kalinga. It is located at above sea level in the southern part of Kalinga and in the heart of the Cordillera. It has a land area of . Some of its younger generation have migrated either in the lowland plains of  Tabuk or in other provinces in search for income and employment opportunities. History. Spanish Rule was never established in Lubuagan during the more than 300 years of sovereignty over the Philippines. However, Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the erstwhile First Philippine Republic made Lubuagan the seat of government for 73 days, from 6 March 1900 to 18 May 1900, before his escape and eventual capture at Palanan, Isabela, on 23 March 1901. Upon the assumption of the United States of America as colonial power over the Philippines, the Township of Lubuagan, a unit of government at the time it was established  in 1905 which was administered via the sub provincial government of Lepanto-Bontoc sub-province, Lt. Governor E. A. Eckman, an American ex-soldier was the Chief Executive of the sub-province. Sometimes in 1907, Kalinga was separated and organized as a distinct sub-province from the Lepanto-Bontoc sub-province. Franklin Walter Hale was appointed the first Lt. Governor to establish a civil government in Kalinga. Bulanao Barrio, a thriving big community of Tubog at the time, the site of which is the present homestead of Mr. Abe Umao was the target of Lt. Governor Hale as the center  of this Administration of government in Kalinga sub-province. But shortly thereafter, the great cholera and malaria epidemic broke out in the later part of 1907 and continued in 1908 which almost wiped out the town populace. Lt. Governor Hales was himself attacked with malaria so that he and his official family were forced to leave Bulanao because those who survived the epidemic among the natives left. Lt. Governor Hale and his staff came up to Lubuagan in the early part of 1909 and established their quarters and camps where the present multi-purpose Hall now stands. Governor Hale whom  the people baptized and fondly called SAPAO, first organized his police contingent from and among the tribal pangats and headmen from the different villages of Kalinga to help them tame the natives who are still afraid and suspicious of the new order. Lt. Governor Hale served Kalinga up to the end of July 1915. He was replaced by Lt. Governor Samuel Kane, who served for a brief period and wasreplaced by Lt. Gov. Alex Gilfilan in September 1916, who was later on replaced by what is now nomenclatured as Deputy Governor Mr. Thomas Blanco, a Filipino. In 1924, Deputy Governor  Nicasio Balinag took over the reign of Sub-Provincial Executive of Kalinga. The colonial Civil Government notably beginning with the administration of Lt. Governor Franklin Walter Hale up to the Commonwealth government is considered the golden years of Lubuagan, the capital town of the sub-province of Kalinga. Lubuagan at that time was the center of education, culture, commerce and trade. The founding of the Kalinga Academy in 1927, a secondary school run by American Missionaries and the St. Teresita's School in 1929, a Catholic Primary and High School managed by the CICM Belgian Missionaries bolstered the luster of  Lubuagan. The Japanese Imperial Army occupation forces came to Lubuagan in May 1942. In 1945 during the war of liberation, Lubuagan was bombed by American planes resulting in the destruction of the Lubuagan Central School which was then occupied by the enemy. The big and beautiful St. Peter's church of Lubuagan, the father's convent and two more buildings within the compound were all burned to the ground. Lubuagan was once the capital of Kalinga sub-province before Tabuk rose to its present status as the center of learning and government activities. It is also in Lubuagan where the  first instruction of higher learning (College) in the old Mt. Province was established. Geography. Barangays. Lubbuagan is politically subdivided into 9 barangays. These barangays are headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain, Barangay Council, whose members are called Barangay Councilors. All are elected every three years. Demographics. In the , the population of Lubuagan, Kalinga, was people, with a density of . Government. Lubuagan, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Kalinga, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The  mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.