D.O.A. (1950 film)
D.O.A. is a 1950 American film noir directed by Rudolph Maté, starring Edmond O'Brien and Pamela Britton. It is considered a classic of the genre. A fatally poisoned man tries to find out who has poisoned him and why. It was the film debuts of Beverly Garland (as Beverly Campbell) and Laurette Luez. Leo C. Popkin produced "D.O.A." for his short-lived Cardinal Pictures. Due to a filing error, the copyright to the film was not renewed on time, causing it to fall into the public domain: it was subsequently remade as "Color Me Dead" (1969), "D.O.A.  (1988), and Dead On Arrival" (2017). Plot. An opening sequence features Frank Bigelow walking through the long hallway of a police station to report his own murder. From here to the end, the story is told in flashback. Bigelow is a hard-driving accountant and notary public in Banning, California, who decides to escape for a fun vacation in San Francisco. At the hotel, he is invited to join a group of conventioneers for a night out. He ends up at a nightclub where, unnoticed, a stranger swaps his drink for another one. The next morning, he feels extremely ill . Doctors determine that he swallowed a poison, "luminous toxin," for which there is no antidote. With only days to live, Bigelow embarks on a desperate search to discover the motive for his poisoning. A call to his secretary Paula provides a possible lead: a Eugene Philips has been urgently trying to contact him. Bigelow travels to Philips' import-export company, meeting Halliday, the company comptroller, who says that Philips has committed suicide. Bigelow locates Eugene Philips' widow and brother Stanley Philips. Months earlier, Eugene had purchased iridium, a "luminous toxin", which had been stolen by a criminal named Majak. The  seller was a George Reynolds (aka Raymond Rakubian), Majak's nephew. As a result of this illegal sale/purchase transaction, Eugene Philips faced criminal charges. The bill of sale would have cleared Eugene, but has gone missing -- and that document had been notarized by Bigelow himself. He learns that Reynolds/Rakubian is now dead. He realizes that someone seems intent on eliminating all evidence of this sale. That someone turns out, in a plot twist, to be Halliday. Stanley Phillips -- who has now been poisoned -- reveals that Eugene discovered that his wife and Halliday were having an affair. Mrs. Philips  affirms that during a confrontation that turned violent, Halliday threw Eugene over a balcony. To make it look like suicide, the pair insisted that Eugene had killed himself over his legal troubles. When they discovered that there was exonerating evidence of his innocence in the notarized iridium bill of sale, Halliday began disposing of anyone knowing about the document, and that led to Bigelow. In the final scene, Bigelow tracks Halliday to the Philips company and finds him wearing the same distinctive coat and scarf as the man who switched the drinks. Halliday draws a gun and fires first, but  Bigelow fatally shoots him. Bigelow finishes telling his story and dies. The police detective taking down the report instructs that his file be marked "dead on arrival." Cast. Additional cast members: Reception. Critical reception. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 88% based on reviews from 25 critics. "The New York Times", in its May 1950 review, described it as a "fairly obvious and plodding recital, involving crime, passion, stolen iridium, gangland beatings and one man's innocent bewilderment upon being caught up in a web of circumstance that marks him for death". O'Brien's performance had  a "good deal of drive", while Britton adds a "pleasant touch of blonde attractiveness". In 1981 Foster Hirsch carried on a trend of more positive reviews, calling Bigelow's search for his own killer "noir" irony at its blackest. He wrote, "One of the film's many ironies is that his last desperate search involves him in his life more forcefully than he has ever been before... Tracking down his killer just before he dies — discovering the reason for his death — turns out to be the triumph of his life." Critic A. K. Rode notes Rudolph Maté's technical background , writing: David Wood of the BBC described the opening as "perhaps one of cinema's most innovative opening sequences." Michael Sragow, in a "Salon" web review (2000) of a DVD release of the film, characterized it as a "high-concept movie before its time." "Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide" (2008) gave "D.O.A." 3½ stars (out of 4). Accolades. In 2004, "D.O.A." was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The film was nominated for two American Film Institute lists: Production. The shot of Edmond O'Brien  running down Market Street (between 4th and 6th Streets) in San Francisco was a "stolen shot," taken without city permits, with some pedestrians visibly confused as O'Brien bumps into them. "D.O.A." producer Harry Popkin owned the Million Dollar Theater at the southwest corner of Broadway and Third Street in downtown Los Angeles, directly across the street from the Bradbury Building at 304 South Broadway, where O'Brien's character confronted his murderer. Director Rudolph Maté liberally used Broadway and the Bradbury Building during location shooting and included the Million Dollar Theater's blazing marquee in the background. The theater would later  serve the same function when Ridley Scott filmed "Blade Runner" at the Bradbury Building. After "The End" and before the listing of the cast, a credit states the medical aspects of this film are based on scientific fact, and that "luminous toxin is a descriptive term for an actual poison." The bop jazz band playing at the Fisherman's Club while O'Brien's glass is being spiked was filmed on a Los Angeles soundstage after principal photography was completed. According to Jim Dawson in his 1995 book "Nervous Man Nervous: Big Jay McNeely and the Rise of the Honking Tenor  Sax", the sweating tenor saxophone player was James Streeter, also known as James Von Streeter. Other band members were Shifty Henry (bass), Al "Cake" Wichard (drums), Ray LaRue (piano), and Teddy Buckner (trumpet). However, rather than use the live performance, the music director went back and rerecorded the soundtrack with a big band, not a quintet as seen in the film, led by saxophonist Maxwell Davis. Film score was composed by Dimitri Tiomkin. Remakes and influence. The March 16, 1951, radio episode of "The Adventures of Sam Spade" features a victim reporting his own murder at police headquarters. "D.O.A." was  dramatized as an hour-long radio play on the June 21, 1951, broadcast of "Screen Director's Playhouse", starring Edmond O'Brien in his original role. The film has been remade four times: In 2011, the Overtime Theater staged a world-premiere musical based on the classic film noir. "D.O.A. a Noir Musical" was written and adapted by Jon Gillespie and Matthew Byron Cassi, directed by Cassi, with original jazz and blues music composed by Jaime Ramirez and lyrics by Ramirez and Gillespie. The new musical played to sold-out audiences during its five-week run, and received two ATAC Globe  Awards in 2012 for "Best Adapted Script" and "Best Original Score."