Aniche
Aniche () is a commune in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. The commune, located in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais mining area, long lived on the mining of coal with fourteen pits on its territory. Eleven pits were owned by the Aniche Mining Company and three by the "Compagnie des mines d'Azincourt" (Agincourt Mining Company). The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Anichois" or "Anichoises". History. Middle Ages. Aniche and Auberchicourt long had the same lords. Cartulary of Duke Charles de Croy. The Gouache painting (opposite) was probably painted in 1603 and  appears in the "Albums de Croÿ". It is part of a wide range of topographical paintings made at the request of the Duke of Croy: an oval with a bird's-eye view of the landscape is framed in the four corners by four naked male figures with those at the top facing and the lower ones facing to the rear. The oval medallion contains a cartouche with the name of the village over a representation of the landscape seen from the south in late summer (see the plowed field and leaves on the trees). From the 16th century to the  Revolution. "The Entombment" by Rubens is always visible in the Church of Saint-Gery of Cambrai. 18th century. On the morning of 7 February 1827 at the Saint Hyacinthe pit, fire broke out in an access passage for the workers to descend into the pit. Thick smoke spread inside the mine and asphyxiated 46 workers employed in the coal extraction tunnels. Seven young men and two fathers were found dead. From the 19th century to the present day. After the creation of the first glassworks in 1823, Aniche became, from the middle of the 19th century, the French capital of  the window glass industry and went from 4,000 to 7,500 inhabitants in 1900. The Antoine Lumière & son plates and photographic papers Company (Lyon) were supplied by the "Glassworks of the Station", better known under the name "Belotte Glass". On 28 November 1900, 21 workers were killed by the explosion of 148 kg of dynamite in the Fenelon pit owned by the Aniche Mining Company. The First World War caused a sharp slowdown in industrial activity and led to the destruction by the occupying power of the majority of installations before their departure in October 1918. The occupation lasted 49 months  from September 1914 to 20 October 1918 when the village was liberated by British forces. There were 314 war victims from Aniche: 299 at the front or from injuries and 15 civilian victims. The period between the wars saw the decline of the mining industry with the cessation of operations of the last pit in 1938 and the final closure of the glassworks at the beginning of the Second World War. Geography. Aniche is located some 15 km south-east of Douai and some 7 km north-west of Douchy-les-Mines in the heart of the old Ostrevent region . Access is by the D943 road from Bouchain in the south-east passing through the commune to the town. There is also the D645 from Auberchicourt in the west passing through the town and continuing east to Abscon. The D47 road comes from Bruille-lez-Marchiennes in the north passing through the town and continuing south-west to Monchecourt. More than half of the commune consists of the urban area of Aniche town with the rest of the commune in the east and south farmland. Geology and terrain. On 27 December 1893, an earthquake occurred in the glass-making district  which indicated a seismic risk that the coal mines then more or less took into account. Communications and transport. Aniche is connected to Douai by bus route 1 (Aniche-Guesnain) which connects with Tram A (Guesnain-Douai) of the SMTC of Douai, as well as routes 211 (Guesnain-Denain via Aniche), 210 (Aniche-Somain), and 201 (Aniche-Villeneuve d'Ascq) operated by the Arc-en-Ciel network. Phase 3 of Route A will link Aniche on the Évéole network of autobuses to Douai. The line will link the Champ de la Nation in the centre of town and pass along the  Rue Henri-Barbusse. The commune was served by rail transport through Aniche station which was demolished in 2010. Neighbouring communes and villages. Source: Toponymy. The name of Aniche ("Anic") was mentioned for the first time in 1103 in a list of the possessions of the abbey of Marchiennes, then as "Enice" in 1113 and "Henice" in 1181. It was in 1219 that the name "Aniche" appears under the seal of Robert, Lord of Aniche and of Auberchicourt. In Flemish, the commune is called "Anik". Administration. List of Successive Mayors Twin towns – sister cities. Aniche is twinned with: Demography. According to  historians, in 1540 Aniche had 47 fires of which 7 were of ploughmen (the others had no horse & carts or other animals). In 2017 the commune had 10,244 inhabitants. Distribution of age groups. Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Aniche and Nord Department in 2017 Source: INSEE Folklore. Alexandre-Joseph Consil known as "Kopierre" was born in Auberchicourt, the neighbouring commune, on 25 May 1834 and died at the Aniche Hospice on 28 December 1909. He was Drum Major of the Saint-Cyr school during the 14 July parade in Paris in 1879. He was a picturesque character in Nord  department.