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Kip Gilman, Barbara Law, Jayne Catling, Christine Cattell, Genres: Peering belowground with increasing clarity: elucidating belowground processes with cutting-edge tools | DeepDyve
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Plant Soil (2010) 331:1â3 DOI 10.1007/s11104-010-0298-1 COMMENTARY Jason D. Hoeksema Received: 8 December 2009 / Accepted: 20 January 2010 / Published online: 17 February 2010 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 Keywords Autotrophic soil respiration . Global climate-carbon model . Minirhizotron . Rhizomorph Ecologists have been making in situ observations of the dynamics of aboveground plant organs and interactions for centuries (Harper 1977). It was not until the construction of belowground glass-paneled soil observation laboratories or ârhizotronsâ (Rogers 1933) and similar portable devices or âminirhizotronsâ (Bates 1937) in the 1930âs, however, that scientists began to make repeated in situ observations of the same individual fine roots in the field along with animal and fungal interactions with plant roots (reviewed by Lussenhop and Fogel 1993; Taylor et al. 1990). Only in the last two decades have studies using those methods begun to accrue in significant numbers: The ISI Web of Science database contains only four publications from 1981 to 1989 that use the keyword âminirhizotronâ while it contains more than 290 such studies from 1990 to 2009. Such numbers do not suggest that data on dynamics of belowground plant parts and their biotic interactions have yet caught up to http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png
Published: Jun 1, 2010 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-010-0298-1 http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer-journals/peering-belowground-with-increasing-clarity-elucidating-belowground-I3FwsaLWYj
COMMENTARYPeering belowground with increasing clarity: elucidatingbelowground processes with cutting-edge toolsJason D. HoeksemaReceived: 8 December 2009 / Accepted: 20 January 2010 / Published online: 17 February 2010#Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010Keywords Autotrophic soil respiration.Globalclimate-carbon model.Minirhizotron.RhizomorphEcologists have been making in situ observations ofthe dynamics of aboveground plant organs andinteractions for centuries (Harper 1977). It was notuntil the construction of belowground glass-paneledsoil observation laboratories or “rhizotrons” (Rogers1933) and similar portable devices or “minirhizo-trons” (Bates 1937) in the 1930’s, however, thatscientists began to make repeated in situ observationsof the same individual fine roots in the field alongwith animal and fungal interactions with plant roots(reviewed by Lussenhop and Fogel 1993; Taylor et al.1990). Only in the last two decades have studies usingthose methods begun to accrue in significant numb-ers: The ISI Web of Science database contains onlyfour publications from 1981 to 1989 that use thekeyword “minirhizotron” while it contains more than290 such studies from 1990 to 2009. Such numbersdo not suggest that data on dynamics of belowgroundplant parts and their biotic interactions have yetcaught up to those accumulating aboveground, butthey do represent an exponential increase in collectionof these crucial basic data.Not only have minirhizotrons come into relativelycommon use for visual documentation of root andmycorrhizal fungal dynamics, but the specific tech-nologies employed have continued to improve. As aresult, ecologists have been able to visually discernrhizosphere organisms with increasing clarity, and tomake more frequent and finer-scale simultaneousmeasurements of environmental variables and nutrientcycling in the rhizosphere, allowing powerful tests ofrelationships among biotic and abiotic variablesbelowground (Allen et al. 2007). In this issue,Hasselquist et al. (2010) report results from thisapproach that add an exciting piece to the young butgrowing story of rhizosphere carbon fluxes, with ananalysis showing that ectomycorrhizal rhizomorphdynamics in a mixed-conifer forest contribute signif-icantly along with temperature and moisture to soilCO2fluxes, while fine root dynamics do not. Eventhough basal respiration of roots and fungi were notincluded as predictors, structural equation modelswere still able to explain an impressive 70–86% ofvariation in soil CO2concentrations and production.These results are emerging at a time when multiplealternative tools are being employed that can indi-rectly but powerfully elucidate various components ofand controls on belowground carbon partitioning andbasic rhizosphere biology. Microcosm compartmentsor field cores separating fungi versus roots, in whichPlant Soil (2010) 331:1–3DOI 10.1007/s11104-010-0298-1Responsible Editor: Erik A. Hobbie.J. D. Hoeksema (*)Department of Biology, University of Mississippi,University, MS 38677, USAe-mail: hoeksema@olemiss.edu