PSA ES/L engine
The PSA ES/L engine is a V6 engine used in automotive applications. It was co-developed by the PSA Group (Peugeot and Citroën) and Renault to replace the outdated V6 PRV engine. It was introduced in 1997 with the Peugeot 406 Coupé. It is designed and manufactured by the company "Française de Mécanique" for PSA and Renault. In PSA, the engine is known as the ES engine, in Renaults, the engine is known as the L engine. Unlike the PRV V6, which was a 90° engine because it was developed from a V8 project , the ES/L has a traditional 60° V-angle. It is constructed entirely in aluminum, and available only in DOHC 24-valve format. Its sole iteration, the ES9 (PSA) or L7X (Renault), has a displacement of , slightly less than the 3.0 L variant of the PRV. Bore and stroke is . A 3.3 L version was initially planned as well, but did not see production due to decreasing demand in V6 petrol engines in Europe and Renault's switch to Nissan-sourced V6 after its alliance with the Japanese carmaker. Initially, the ESL produced in accordance with German and French  insurance category limits in force at the time for engines under 3 litres.(The BMW 2.8 and Audi 2.8 produced the same figure circa ) In 2000, Porsche retuned the Peugeot/Citroën version of the engine introducing variable valve timing on the intake camshafts varying between 0 and 40 degrees, improving fuel consumption, low engine speed flexibility for the introduction of the Peugeot 607 and Citroën C5. This iteration, called ES9 J4S, can now achieve . In 2005, Peugeot/Citroën slightly upgraded the power to . This version was not used by Renault who was by then focusing on Nissan-developed V6. In 2000 , Tom Walkinshaw Racing created a competition version for use in the Renault Clio V6. It could achieve a maximum of in racing trim, with a version detuned to for the road car. The road version's power was improved to by Renault Sport in 2004. L7X. The ESL V6 has been used in a variety of cars from Citroën, Peugeot and Renault in the executive and luxury segments, namely the Citroën XM, Citroën Xantia, Citroën C5, Citroën C8 and Citroën C6; the Peugeot 406, 407, 605 and 607; and the Renault Laguna (Mk.I and II), Espace (Mk.III), Renault  Avantime, Renault Safrane and Clio V6. It was also modified by Venturi into a twin-turbo in the last of their Atlantique 300 Bi-turbo cars. Unlike the PRV, it didn't have much of a career in motorsport, next to the Renault Sport Clio V6 Eurocup the engine was also used by Courage in the C52 and C60, as a 3.2 L bi-turbo engine, with a max output of . The engines are built by Sodemo. PSA. With Renault shifting to the Nissan VQ engine 3.5 L V6, PSA became the sole user of the ES until 2010 when  the requirements of Euro 5 emission regulations began; the Euro 4-only ES engine was no longer available in Europe and replaced by The turbocharged Straight-4 Prince engine. Note: All 24-valve with catalytic converter