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Elvis performing vow renewal ceremony in the rock n roll chapel Health SA Gesondheid - Volume 19, Issue 1, January 2014
Volume 19, Issue 1, January 2014
Patient-perceived factors contributing to low tuberculosis cure rate at Greater Giyani healthcare facilities : original research
Authors: Nandzumuni V. Maswanganyi, Rachel T. Lebese, Ntsieni S. Mashau and Lunic B. Khoza
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –8 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.724
The therapeutic use of music as experienced by cardiac surgery patients of an intensive care unit : original research
Authors: Varshika M. Bhana, Annali D.H. Botha and Annali D.H. Botha
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –9 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.684
Patients perceive the intensive care unit (ICU) as being a stressful and anxiety-provoking environment. The physiological effects of stress and anxiety are found to be harmful and therefore should be avoided in cardiac surgery patients. The aim of the study on which this article is based was to describe cardiac surgery patients&apos; experiences of music as a therapeutic intervention in the ICU of a public hospital. The objectives of this article were to introduce and then expose the cardiac patients to music as part of their routine postoperative care and to explore and describe their experiences of the music intervention. The findings of the research are to be the basis for making recommendations for the inclusion of music as part of the routine postoperative care received by cardiac surgery patients in the ICU. A qualitative research methodology, using a contextual, explorative and descriptive research design, was adopted. The population of the study was cardiac surgery patients admitted to the ICU of a public hospital. An unstructured interview was conducted with each participant and content analysis and coding procedures were used to analyse the data. Four main themes were identified in the results, namely practical and operational aspects of the music sessions; participants&apos; experiences; discomfort due to therapeutic apparatus and the ICU environment; and the role of music and recommendations for music as a therapeutic intervention. Participants&apos; experiences were mainly positive. Results focused on experiences of the music and also on the participants&apos; experiences of the operational aspects of the therapy, as well as factors within and around the participants.
The GAMMA® nursing measure : its development and testing for nursing utility : original research
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –9 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.749
Background : In the specialised nursing fields of gerontology, oncology, rehabilitation and home-based care where people live with permanent or temporary disabilities, nurses are unable to perform routine and empirical scoring of their patients&apos; abilities to live independently, because of the lack of valid nursing measures indicating patients&apos; frailty or vulnerability. These independent living abilities are also referred to as the instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
Objectives : To provide nurses with a nursing scale, named the GAMMA, which enables nurses to routinely observe, score and record their patients&apos; IADLs and to test its nursing utility.
Method : A study with two sequential phases was done. Firstly, descriptive data were collected from key informants, namely a registered social worker and two registered nurses, skilled in caring for disabled persons living in long-term care facilities. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis techniques in order to design and construct the GAMMA nursing scale. In the second study, the utility of the GAMMA was studied by training and testing the application of the GAMMA within a group of registered nurses (n = 5) working in three retirement villages. After four months, focus group interviews were conducted with the registered nurses in order to explore the GAMMA&apos;s nursing utility. Descriptive data were analysed using deductive content analysis techniques.
Results : The outcome of the study provided good results. High levels of agreement between participants confirm the GAMMA&apos;s acceptance, usefulness and confidence as a nursing scale to empirically establish the transition of nursing care between independent living and assisted living.
Conclusion : The GAMMA has the characteristics which allow it to be used routinely as a nursing scale in gerontology, oncology, rehabilitation and home-based care nursing processes.
Agtergrond : In die gespesialiseerde verpleegareas van gerontologie, onkologie, rehabilitasie en tuisversorging waar pasiënte leef met permanente of tydelike gestremdhede, is verpleegkundiges nie in staat om gereeld en empiries te bepaal wat hul pasiënte se vermoëns is om onafhanklik te lewe, as &apos;n aanduiding van hul verswaktheid of broosheid nie. Die vermoëns om onafhanklik te lewe word ook na verwys na as die instrumentele aktiwiteite van daaglikse lewe (IADLs).
Doelwitte : Om die verplegingswetenskappe te voorsien van &apos;n skaal, genoemd die GAMMA, wat die verpleegkundige in staat kan stel om as roetine prosedure pasiënte se IADLs waar te neem, te meet en te noteer, en om die nuttigheid van hierdie skaal vir verpleging te bepaal.
Metode : &apos;n Studie met twee opeenvolgende fases was gedoen. Eerstens was &apos;n ondersoek geloods om beskrywende data te versamel van &apos;n geregistreerde maatskaplike werker en twee geregisteerde verpleegkundiges wat ervare is in die versorging van gestremde mense wat in lang termyn fasiliteite woon. Die data was geanaliseer met induktiewe inhoudstegnieke om die konstruksie van die GAMMA te ontwikkel. In die tweede studie was die GAMMA se bruikbaarheid vir verpleegkundiges bestudeer deur eers opleiding en toetsing aan geregistreede verpleegkundiges (n = 5) te bied in drie aftree oorde. Vier maande na implementasie het &apos;n fokus groep met die geregistreede verpleegkundiges vergader om die die GAMMA se nuttigheid vir verpleegkundiges te evalueer. Beskrywende data was geanaliseer met behulp van deduktiewe inhouds analiese tegnieke.
Resultate : Die uitkoms van die GAMMA het goeie resultate opgelewer. Daar was hoë vlakke van aanvaarding, betroubaarheid en vertroue in die GAMMA as &apos;n empiriese verplegingsskaal om die oorgang tussen onafhanklike en ondersteunende lewenstyl te bepaal.
Gevolgtrekking : Die GAMMA het die eienskappe om as roetine prosedure gebruik te word as &apos;n verplegingsskaal in die gerontologie, onkologie, rehabilitasie en tuisversorging verplegingsprosesse.
The experiences of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis in the Western Cape, South Africa : original research
Authors: Chrisma Pretorius and Ninon Joubert
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –12 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.756
Background : Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating and degenerative lifelong neurological disease that seems to be growing increasingly more prevalent in South Africa.
Objectives : The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the personal experiences of individuals with MS in the South African context. The focus of this study was on the challenges faced by individuals with MS, as well as the resources that help them to cope with this debilitating, neurological condition.
Method : Thematic analysis was used to explore the semi-structured interviews that were conducted with ten individuals with MS.
Results : Several themes emerged that related to the participants&apos; experiences of living with MS. These themes included several challenges faced by the participants on a daily basis, such as the process of being diagnosed, daily life, invisible illness and medical aid schemes. Numerous resources that help these individuals to cope with MS also emerged from the data analysis and consisted of social support, mobility aids, religion and knowledge about MS.
Conclusion : It is evident from the findings of this study that although individuals living with MS, which is a debilitating neurological condition, face several challenges on a daily basis, they often have several resources that help them to cope effectively with this condition. The findings of this study regarding knowledge of the challenges faced and the resources utilised by individuals with MS will hopefully create awareness of the disease and contribute to and inform the design and implementation of interventions for such individuals.
Agtergrond : Veelvuldige Sklerose (VS) is &apos;n aftakelende en degerenatiewe lewenslange neurologiese toestand wat blyk of dit toenemend meer algemeen in Suid-Afrika voorkom.
Objektief : Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe studie was om die persoonlike ervarings van individue met VS binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te ondersoek. Die fokus van hierdie studie was op die uitdagings wat individue met VS in die gesig staar, sowel as die hulpbronne wat hulle help met die hantering van hierdie ernstige neurologiese toestand.
Metode : Tematiese analise is gebruik om die semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude te ondersoek, wat gevoer is met tien individue met VS.
Resultate : Verskeie temas wat verband hou met die deelnemers se ervarings van &apos;n lewe met VS het na vore gekom. Hierdie temas het verskeie uitdagings ingesluit wat die deelnemers op &apos;n daaglikse basis in die gesig staar, soos die proses om korrek gediagnoseer te word, daaglikse lewe, onsigbare siekte en mediese fonds skemas. &apos;n Aantal hulpbronne wat hierdie individue help om VS te hanteer het ook na vore gekom en bestaan uit sosiale ondersteuning, mobiliteit hulpmiddels, geloof en kennis oor VS.
Gevolgtrekking : Dit is duidelik uit die bevindinge dat alhoewel individue wat lewe met VS, wat &apos;n ernstige neurologiese toestand is, verskeie uitdaging op &apos;n daaglikse basis in die gesig staar, hulle beskik oor verskeie hulpbronne wat hulle help om hierdie toestand effektief te hanteer. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie rakende kennis van die uitdagings wat hierdie individue in die gesig staar en die hulpbronne wat individue met VS gebruik sal hopelik &apos;n bewustheid skep en bydra tot die ontwerp en implimentering van intervensies vir sulke individue.
The perception of midwives regarding psychosocial risk assessment during antenatal care : original research
Authors: Johanna M. Mathibe-Neke, Allan Rothberg and Gayle Langley
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –9 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.742
Background : The physiological and psychological changes caused by pregnancy may increase a woman&apos;s vulnerability to depression, which may in turn have adverse effects on both maternal and foetal well-being. Inadequate psychosocial risk assessment of women by midwives may lead to lack of psychosocial support during pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnant women who lack psychosocial support may experience stress, anxiety and depression that could possibly affect foetal well-being.
Objective : The objective of this study was to explore and describe the perception of psychosocial risk assessment and psychosocial care by midwives providing antenatal care to pregnant women.
Method : An interpretive and descriptive qualitative approach was adopted. Three focus group interviews were conducted with midwives working in three Maternal Obstetric Units in Gauteng Province, using a semi-structured interview guide. The constant comparison data analysis approach was used.
Results : Findings revealed that midwives are aware of and have encountered a high prevalence of psychosocial problems in pregnant women. Furthermore, they acknowledged the importance of psychosocial care for pregnant women although they stated that they were not equipped adequately to offer psychosocial assessment and psychosocial care.
Conclusion : The findings provided a basis for incorporation of psychosocial care into routine antenatal care.
Agtergrond : Die fisiologiese en psigologiese veranderings wat deur swangerskap veroorsaak word, kan &apos;n vrou se kwetsbaarheid vir depressie verhoog. Dit kan op sy beurt negatiewe gevolge vir sowel die moeder as die fetus se welstand ê. As vroedvroue nie voldoende psigososiale riskio-assesserings op swanger vrouens doen nie, kan dit tot &apos;n gebrek aan psigososiale ondersteuning tydens die swangerskap en geboorte lei. Swanger vrouens wat &apos;n gebrek aan psigososiale ondersteuning het, kan stres, angs en depressie ervaar wat weer die fetus se welstand kan beïnvloed.
Doelwit : Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om die persepsies van vroedvroue, wat voorgeboortesorg aan swanger vrouens bied, te ondersoek en te beskryf sover dit hulle persepsies oor psigososiale risiko-assessering en psigososiale aangaan.
Metode : &apos;n Interpretatiewe en beskrywende kwalitatiewe benadering is gevolg. Drie fokusgroep-onderhoude is deur middel van &apos;n gestruktureerde onderhoudsgids gevoer met verloskundiges wat in drie voorgeboorteklinieke in die Gauteng Provinsie werksaam is. &apos;n Benadering tot data-analise wat van voortdurende vergelyking gebruik maak, is gevolg.
Resultate : Die studie het aan die lig gebring dat verloskundiges bewus is van psigososiale probleme onder swanger vroue en dat die prevalensie van sulke probleme onder swanger vroue hoog is. Vroedvroue erken die belang van psigososiale sorg aan swanger vroue alhoewel hulle nie toereikend toegerus is om psigososiale assessering en -sorg te verleen nie.
Gevolgtrekking : Die bevindinge stel &apos;n basis daar vir die insluiting van psigososiale sorg in roetine voorgeboortesorg.
Comparison of trauma on survivors of sexual assault and intimate partner violence in Limpopo : original research
Authors: Mashudu Davhana-Maselesele, Lufuno Makhado and Sylvester Madu
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –11 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.683
Method: A quantitative cross-sectional comparative study design was used to compare 30 sexually-assaulted women and 30 physically-assaulted women regarding depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder and coping styles three months after the incident. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the survivors of both types of assault and the Beck Depression Inventory post-traumatic stress disorder checklist and Brief COPE Inventory were administered in order to obtain quantitative data. Both parametric and non-parametric statistics were employed. Ethical measures were adhered to throughout the research process.
Agtergrond: Ten spyte daarvan dat daar intervensies beskikbaar is, bly geslagsgebaseerde geweld &apos;n uitdaging in Suid-Afrika. Die versorging van die oorlewendes geweld is van kritieke belang om die oorlewendes se spoedige herstel te verseker.
Metode: &apos;n Kwantitatiewe dwarssnit ontwerp is gebruik om 30 seksueel aangerande vroue en 30 fisiek aangerande vroue te vergelyk sover dit depressiesimptome, posttroumatiese stresversteuring en coping styl betref drie maande na die voorval plaasgevind het. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met die oorlewendes van beide soorte aanvalle, terwyl die Beck depressie-inventaris, die kontrolelys vir posttroumatiese stresversteuring en die bondige COPE-inventaris afgeneem is om kwantitatiewe data te bekom. Sowel parametriese as nie-parametriese statistiek is gebruik. Etiese vereistes is regdeur die navorsingsproses nagekom.
Resultate: &apos;n Aansienlik hoër persentasie seksueel aangerande vrouens het hulle gesin oor die voorval ingelig (p = 0.021). Die meeste seksueel (90%) en fisiek (86%) aangerande vrouens het die voorval onthou. Seksueel aangerande vrouens toon &apos;n aansienlik hoër gemiddelde vir vermyding of gevoelloosheid (p < 0.001) en fisiese aangerande vrouens het &apos;n hoër gemiddelde vir opwekking (p > 0.051). Sowat 41% van die seksueel aangerande deelnemers meld erge depressie. Die studie bevestig dat seksuele aanranding persoonliker is, terwyl fisieke aanranding meer interpersoonlik is. As fisiek aangerand vroue van die oortreders verwyder word, herstel hulle vinniger as die seksueel aangerande vroue. As hulle by die oortreders bly, kan die geweld voortduur.
Cracks in reproductive health rights : Buffalo City learners&apos; knowledge of abortion legislation : original research
Authors: Catriona Macleod, Lebogang Seutlwadi and Gary Steele
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –10 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.743
Objectives: This research investigated Grade 11 learners&apos; knowledge of the CTOP Act and its stipulations.
Agtergrond: Die Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (CTOP) bewettig aborsie op aanvraag in Suid-Afrika tot en met 12 weke van swangerskap en daarna onder sekere voorwaardes. Binne die konteks van die liberale wetgewing is akkurate inligting &apos;n noodsaaklike (hoewel nie voldoende nie) vereiste vir vroue om hul reproduktiewe regte uit te oefen.
Metodes: Opname-navorsing is gedoen met respondente uit &apos;n verskeidenheid van skole in Buffalo City, Suid-Afrika. Multi-steekproefneming is gebruik, naamlik gestratifiseerde steekproefneming van skole en doelgerigte steekproefneming van grade in skole. Die data is ingesamel deur middel van self-geadministreerde vraelyste in groep situasies.
Resultate: Die resultate dui daarop dat die kennis van die wetlike status van aborsie, asook van die verskillende bepalings van die Wet, swak was. Verskeie misverstande was duidelik, insluitend dat &apos;n gade se toestemming nodig is vir getroude vroue se aborsie. Beduidende verskille tussen die kennis van die respondente by die onderskeie skole is gevind, met die swakste kennis onder dié leerders by skole wat voorheen aangewys is vir swart leerders tydens Apartheid.
Prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in Grade 1-learners : the NW-Child Study : original research
Authors: Gizelle Kruger, Anita E. Pienaar, Dane Coetzee and Salome H. Kruger
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.750
Results: A higher prevalence of wasting and underweight were found amongst the boys (8.35%; 5.97%) compared with the girls (6.30%; 2.52%), although this was only significant for underweight (p = 0.02), whilst stunting percentages were very similar amongst girls (4.53%) and boys (4.06%). Underweight was the highest in the black group (5.47%; p < 0.01), compared with the white group (0.46%) and the prevalence of the conditions is associated with school types which represent low socio-economic circumstances (Quintile 1-3 schools). Only black learners showed stunting (p < 0.01) and more black learners were wasted (n = 39) compared with white (n = 15; p = 0.08) learners. Quintile 1-3 schools had a significantly higher prevalence of underweight (5.14% - 8.18%) and stunting (3.88% - 10.7%) (p < 0.01) compared with Quintile 4 and 5 schools.
Agtergrond: Ondervoeding is steeds &apos;n publieke gesondheidsgevaar by kinders in ontwikklende lande, met heelwat negatiewe gevolge vir kinderontwikkeling.
Resultate: &apos;n Hoér voorkoms vir ondervoeding en ondergewig is by seuns (8.35%; 5.97%) teenoor meisies (6.30%; 2.52%) gevind, alhoewel slegs betekenisvol vir ondergewig (p = 0.02), terwyl persentasies van groei-inperking redelik dieselfde was by meisies (4.53%) en seuns (4.06%). Ondergewig het die hoogste voorkoms in die swart groep (5.47%; p < 0.01) getoon, en die voorkoms word geassosieer met skooltipes wat lae sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede verteenwoordig. Slegs swart leerders het groei-inperking getoon (p < 0.01) en meer swart leerders was ondervoed (n = 39) teenoor blanke (n = 15) leerders. Kwintiel 1-3 skole het &apos;n betekenisvolle hoér voorkoms vir ondergewig (5.14% - 8.18%) en groei-inperking (3.88% - 10.7%) getoon (p < 0.01) as die Kwintiel 4 en 5 skole.
Patients&apos; knowledge and beliefs about antiretroviral treatment and factors associated with adherence in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa : original research
Authors: Thuli G. Mthembu and Brian Van Wyk
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.718
Background : Antiretroviral treatment (ART) improves the prognosis and quality of life for HIV patients by reducing the rate of disease progression and mortality. Although ART has been available in public health centres in South Africa since 2003, adherence to treatment still remains a challenge. To date, no study has investigated adherence and the factors that influence adherence to ART in rural settings in Mpumalanga Province.
The effects of rehabilitation on intellectually-disabled people - a systematic review : original research
Authors: Ernest J. Sechoaro, Belinda Scrooby and Daleen P. Koen
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –9 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.693
Background : Rehabilitation has emerged as a comprehensive approach to addressing intellectually-disabled peoples&apos; skill deficits, improving competencies and facilitating optimal functioning in order to provide the greatest possible measure of social and economic participation, self-reliance and independence.
HIV epidemic in South Africa : a comparison of HIV epidemic patterns of two extreme provinces in South Africa : original research
Authors: Khangelani Zuma, Khanyisile Manzini, Neo Mohlabane and Khangelani Zuma
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –5 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.716
Background : South Africa is experiencing one of the worst HIV epidemics, which varies by province and by districts within each province.
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV data completeness and accuracy assessment in health facilities of the Nkangala District : original research
Authors: Motlatso G. Mlambo, Karl Peltzer, Karl Peltzer, Karl Peltzer, Motlatso G. Mlambo and Annariina Koivu
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –8 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.774
Background : Even though significant progress has been made in the roll-out and quality of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in South Africa, the quality of patient data recording remains a challenge.
Objectives : To assess PMTCT data completeness and accuracy at primary healthcare level to district level in order to assist with the improvement of the PMTCT data recording.
Methods : This is a retrospective record review study which involved collecting PMTCT data on indicators which was for the period of August 2009 to January 2010. We conducted baseline facility assessments which included 72 PMTCT sites in one health district, Nkangala. We assessed the data completeness and accuracy of the data values recorded on the seven PMTCT data elements.
Results : Data were only complete for less than a quarter of the time for most of the antenatal indicators (0.5% - 44%) and for the maternity indicators, data were only complete 11% of the time. Data inaccuracy was a result of recording of data values in the District Health Information System (DHIS) which were not within 10% of the data values recorded in the case registers. The results show that data were missing from the case registers, monthly summary sheets and DHIS between 30% and 99% of the time and that data elements had values recorded in the DHIS which were > 10%.
Conclusion : There is a need for ongoing training on data recording procedures at all levels. To maintain data quality, healthcare data must be appropriate, organised, timely, available, accurate and complete.
Agtergrond : Selfs al is beduidende vordering gemaak met die bekendstelling en die kwaliteit van die voorkoming van moeder-na-kind-oordrag van MIV (PMTCT) dienste in Suid-Afrika, bly die kwaliteit van die pasiëntdataopname &apos;n uitdaging.
Doelwitte : Om PMTCT datavolledigheid en akkuraatheid van primêre gesondheidsorg vlak tot distriksvlak te bepaal ten einde te help met die verbetering van die PMTCT data opname.
Metodes : Dit is &apos;n terugwerkende hersieningstudie wat die versameling van PMTCT data op aanwysers vir die tydperk van Augustus 2009 tot Januarie 2010, behels het. Ons het basislyn fasiliteitsramings en/of skattings uitgevoer wat 72 PMTCT webwerwe in een gesondheid distrik, Nkangala, ingesluit het. Ons het data volledigheid en akkuraatheid van datawaardes op die sewe PMTCT data-elemente, beoordeel.
Resultate : Data was slegs voltooi vir minder as &apos;n kwart van die tyd vir die meeste van die voorgeboortesorg aanwysers (0.5% - 44%) en vir die kraamaanwysers, data was slegs volledig vir 11% van die tyd. Onakkuraate data was die resultaat van die opname van datawaardes in die Distrik Gesondheid Inligting System (DHIS) wat nie binne 10% van die datawaardes in die gevalleregisters aangeteken was nie . Die resultate het getoon dat data in die gevalleregisters, maandelikse opsommings en DHIS tussen 30% en 99% van die tyd ontbreek het en dat dataelemente waardes in die DHIS opteken het wat > 10% was.
Gevolgtrekking : Daar is &apos;n behoefte vir voortgesette opleiding ten opsigte van datavasleggingsprosedures op alle vlakke. Om datakwaliteit te handhaaf, moet gesondheidsorgdata gepas, georganiseerd, tydig, beskikbaar, akkuraat en volledig wees.
The psychological experience of women who survived HELLP syndrome in Cape Town, South Africa : original research
Authors: Rizwana Roomaney, Michelle G. Andipatin and Anika Naidoo
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –9 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.762
Child and youth care workers : profile, nutrition knowledge and food safety and hygiene practices : original research
Authors: Hendrina H. Grobbelaar and Carin E. Napier
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.776
Background : Facilities concerned with children &apos;in need of care&apos; should not only be considered as a last resort for a child&apos;s care, but also as an intervention that requires more than addressing a child&apos;s basic physical needs. The nutritional needs of children are particularly important to consider as they are a fundamental part of the care provided.
Objectives : The purpose of this descriptive quantitative study was to investigate the profile, nutrition knowledge, food safety and hygiene practices of child and youth care workers (CCWs) in residential care settings in order to guide the development of a food preparation and nutrition manual.
Method : The residential care settings included in this study were three that were selected randomly in Durban. CCWs (N = 40) employed permanently or part-time were included. Convenience purposive sampling of the CCWs was undertaken. A structured self-administered questionnaire, developed and tested for this purpose, was used to gather information on the profile, nutrition knowledge, food safety and hygiene practices. The data were analysed for descriptive statistics (means and frequencies).
Results : The majority of CCWs were women aged 18-34 years. Very few had completed a relevant tertiary qualification. The results indicated that the respondents&apos; knowledge was fair on general nutrition guidelines, but there were areas of concern. Specifically, knowledge on recommended fruit and vegetable intake, correct serving sizes and importance of a variety in the diet were lacking. Some knowledge about food safety and hygiene practices was demonstrated, but not in totality.
Conclusion : The overall findings supported the development of a comprehensive food preparation and nutrition manual for child residential care facilities.
Agtergrond : Fasiliteite gemoeid met kinders &apos;in die behoefte van sorg&apos; nie net beskou moet word as &apos;n laaste uitweg vir &apos;n kind se sorg nie, maar ook as &apos;n intervensie wat meer as net die basiese en fisiese behoeftes van kinders aanspreek. Die voedingsbehoeftes van kinders is veral belangrik om te oorweeg as &apos;n fundamentele element van versorging.
Doelwit : Die doel van hierdie beskrywende kwantitatiewe studie was om die profiel, voeding kennis en voedsel- veiligheid en higiëne van kinder-en jeugsorgwerkers te ondersoek in residensiële sorg instellings met die doel om &apos;n voedsel voorbereiding en voedings handleiding te ontwikkel.
Metode : Die residensiële sorg instellings het bestaan uit drie ewekansig gekiesde kinderhuise in Durban. Die studie het bestaan uit kinder-en jeugsorgwerkers (N = 40) in permanente of deeltydse poste. &apos;n Doelgerigte steekproef van die kinder- en jeugsorgwerkers is onderneem. &apos;n Gestruktureerde self-geadministreerde vraelys, ontwikkel en getoets vir hierdie doel, is gebruik om inligting oor die profiel, voeding kennis, voedselveiligheid en higiëniese praktyke van die kinder- en jeugsorgwerkers in te samel. Die data is ontleed vir beskrywende statistieke.
Resultate : Die meerderheid van die kinder- en jeugsorgwerkers was vroulik, tussen die ouderdomme van 18-34 jaar. Min het &apos;n toepaslike tersiêre kwalifikasie gehad. Dit blyk uit die resultate dat die respondente se algemene voeding riglyne was aanvaarbaar. Die resultate het gedui op &apos;n gebrek aan kennis oor die aanbevole vrugte en groente inname, korrekte porsiegroottes en die belangrikheid van &apos;n verskeidenheid in die dieet. Die respondente het tot &apos;n mindere mate kennis oor voedselveiligheid en higiëne gehad.
Gevolgtrekking : Die algemene bevindinge ondersteun die ontwikkeling van &apos;n omvattende voedsel voorbereiding en voedings handleiding vir kinder residensiële sorg instellings.
The effect of psychological violence in the workplace on health : a holistic eco-system approach : original research
Authors: Helen W. Meyer and Tiaan G.J.C. Kirsten
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –11 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.757
Background : Psychological violence has emerged as a priority concern in all workplaces because of its adverse consequences on victims&apos; health. So far, limited research has been conducted on the effect of psychological violence on the five interrelated contexts of human existence.
Objectives : This qualitative study investigated the perceived effect of psychological violence in the workplace on staff members&apos; holistic health at a multi-campus South African Further Education and Training College. By investigating the effect of psychological violence on these five interrelated contexts, the resultant effect on holistic health might be more fully understood and applicable recommendations formulated to ameliorate the perceived effects.
Method : A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design was used to investigate the perceived effect of psychological violence on staff members&apos; health. Purposeful sampling was used to select 29 participants to be interviewed individually, based on their experiences of psychological violence, as well as data saturation. The researcher analysed the data and a co-coder cross-checked the codes.
Results : The results pertaining to the perceived effects of psychological violence were positioned within the holistic eco-systemic approach as encompassing theory. Five themes were identified accordingly after data analysis, namely, psychological, biophysical, spiritual, ecological and metaphysical effects.
Conclusion : Findings revealed that psychological violence impacts adversely on all five interrelated contexts of individual health, leading to an adverse cumulative effect on staff members&apos; holistic health and on the systems in which psychological violence occurs. Based on the findings, recommendations could be made to ameliorate the perceived adverse effect of psychological violence.
Agtergrond : Psigologiese geweld is tans besig om op die voorgrond te tree as &apos;n prioriteit in alle werksplekke as gevolg van die ernstige nadelige gevolge daarvan op die gesondheid van slagoffers. Tot dusver is beperkte navorsing gedoen rakende die effek van psigologiese geweld op die vyf interverwante kontekste van menslike bestaan.
Doelwitte : Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie het die waargenome effek van psigologiese geweld in die werksplek op die holistiese gesondheid van personeellede in &apos;n multi-kampus Verdere Onderwys en Opleiding Kollege ondersoek. Deur die effek van psigologiese geweld op hierdie vyf interverwante kontekste te ondersoek, kon die gevolglike effek op holistiese gesondheid; meer volledig verstaan word en toepaslike aanbevelings geformuleer word om die waargenome effek te verbeter.
Metode : &apos;n Kwalitatiewe, verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die waargenome effek van psigologiese geweld op personeellede se gesondheid te ondersoek. &apos;n Doelgerigte steekproef is gebruik om 29 deelnemers te selekteer om indivuele onderhoude mee te voer, gebaseer op hul ervarings van psigologiese geweld, asook data versadiging. Die navorser het die data geanaliseer en &apos;n mede-kodeerder het die kodes kruis-kodeer.
Resultate : Die resultate rakende die waargenome effek van psigologiese geweld was geposisioneer binne die holisties eko-sistemies benadering as omvattende teorie. Vyf temas is dienoorkeenkomstig na afloop van die data-anelisering geidentifiseer naamlik psigologiese, biofisiese, spirituele, ekologiese en metafiese effekte.
Gevolgtrekking : Bevindings het aangetoon dat psigologiese geweld &apos;n negatiewe impak het of al vyf interverwante kontekste van individuele gesondheid wat lei tot &apos;n negatiewe kumulatiewe effek op personeellede se holistiese gesondheid in die sisteme waar psigologiese geweld plaasvind. Aanbevelings, gebaseer op die bevindinge, kon gemaak word om die nadelige effek van psigologiese geweld te verbeter.
The exploration of in-service training needs of psychiatric nurses : original research
Authors: Herman R. Letlape, Magdalena P. Koen, Siedine K. Coetzee and Vicki Koen
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –9 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.763
Measuring compliance of conducting an occupational health risk assessment in the occupational health nurse&apos;s practice : original research
Authors: Nicolene De Jager, Sonya Beukes and Anna G.W. Nolte
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –11 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.647
Beroepsgesondheidverpleegkundiges (BGV&apos;s) is gekwalifiseerde geregistreerde verpleegkundiges met &apos;n nagraadse kwalifikasie in beroepsgesondheidsverpleging wat basiese gesondheidsorg in die beroepsgesondheidsprogram lewer. &apos;n Belangrike aktiwiteit van die BGV is om alle gesondheidsrisiko&apos;s in die werksplek te identifiseer en te assesseer. Die BGV doen ook &apos;n gesondheidsrisiko-analise (GRA) om stressors soos geraas en vibrasie te identifiseer. Die navorsers het met besoeke aan verskillende fabrieke bevind dat 85% (n = 23) van BGV&apos;s GRA&apos;s net in &apos;n sekere mate doen, alhoewel &apos;n GRA wetlik vereis word. Die volgende doelwit is vir die studie geformuleer: Om te ondersoek en te beskryf in watter mate BGV&apos;s GRA&apos;s uitvoer, en om die moontlike redes vir die nie-nakoming van die regulasie te ondersoek. &apos;n Kwantitatiewe, beskrywende navorsingsmetode is gebruik. &apos;n Sistematiese groepsteekmetode is gebruik om &apos;n steekproefraamwerk uit &apos;n lys van die SASOHN-lede in Gauteng saam te stel. &apos;n Selfontwikkelde vraelys is aan respondente gestuur. Die navorsers het geldigheid, betroubaarheid asook etiese standaarde gehandhaaf. Daar is bevind dat BGV&apos;s ouer, hoofsaaklik vroulike praktisyns met bo-gemiddelde ondervinding is wat vir &apos;n groot getal werkers verantwoordelik is. Vier faktore is geïdentifiseer wat BGV&apos;s beïnvloed om GRA&apos;s net in &apos;n sekere mate uit te voer, naamlik bevoegdheid, onduidelikheid betreffende die rol van die BGV, werkslading en houding.
Views of pharmacists on involvement in ward rounds in selected public hospitals in Limpopo Province : original research
Authors: Ditonkana A. Sello and Yoswa M. Dambisya
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.740
Background : Pharmacist participation in ward rounds is of increasing interest for better pharmaceutical care, yet most pharmacists do not engage in this activity.
Community-physician-based versus hospital-based antenatal care : a comparison of patient satisfaction : original research
Authors: Mauwane R. Phaladi-Digamela and Mauwane R. Phaladi-Digamela
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.780
Background : Strategies to meet the healthcare needs of pregnant women are made available throughout antenatal, intra-partum and post-natal periods. These strategies are aimed at reducing perinatal and maternal mortality amongst women who access and utilise healthcare at an early stage. Late visits with irregular antenatal attendance result in failure to adequately use antenatal interventions.
Objectives : This study intended to compare and describe the level of patient satisfaction with antenatal care between two groups of women who received free antenatal care from community private physicians and public midwives.
Methods : A quantitative comparative descriptive design with a Likert-scale measure was used. Sixty women, half from each group, participated in the study. Structured questionnaires with closed-ended response options were used to obtain data.
Results : The midwives&apos; group was less satisfied with antenatal care than the physicians&apos; group, with the former citing long waiting times as contributing to their dissatisfaction with antenatal care.
Conclusion : Addressing long waiting times improves satisfaction with antenatal care. Daily antenatal visits, rather than visits on a specific day, may reduce long waiting times as women&apos;s visits are spread over all clinic days. Satisfaction with antenatal care has implications for access to healthcare, resulting in positive pregnancy outcomes.
Agtergrond : Strategieë om in die gesondheidsorgbehoeftes van swanger vroue te voorsien, word dwarsdeur die voorgeboorte, intra-partum en nageboorte periodes beskikbaar gestel. Hierdie strategieë beoog om die perinatale en moederlike sterfstesyfers te verlaag onder vroue wie reeds op &apos;n vroeë stadium gesondheidsorg benut. Onreëlmatige en laat voorgeboortebesoeke lei daartoe dat voorgeboorte ingrypings nie voldoende benut word nie.
Doelwitte : Hierdie studie het beoog om twee groepe vroue se vlak van tevredenheid met die gratis voorgeboortesorg wat hul by privaat praktisyns uit die gemeenskap en vroedvroue uit die openbare sektor ontvang het, te vergelyk en beskryf.
Metode : &apos;n Kwantitatiewe vergelykende beskrywende ontwerp met &apos;n Likert-skaal is gebruik. Sestig vroue, die helfte van elke groep, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Gestruktureerde vraelyste met geslote-vrae opsies is gebruik om die data te verkry.
Resultate : Die praktisyns se groep was meer tevrede met die voorgeboortesorg as die vroedvroue se groep, veral ten opsigte van wagtye.
Gevolgtrekkings : Deur die probleem van wagtye aan te spreek, kan die tevredenheid met voorgeboortesorg verhoog word. Daaglikse voorgeboortesorgbesoeke, eerder as besoeke op spesifieke dae, kan lang wagtye verminder aangesien besoeke dan oor al die kliniekdae versprei word. Tevredenheid met voorgeboortesorg hou implikasies in vir toegang tot gesondheidsorg, wat positiewe swangerskapsuitkomste tot gevolg het.
Directly-Observed Treatment Strategy implementation practices in a hospital in eThekwini health district : original research
Author Respect M. Miya
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.747
Background : The incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) in South Africa remains high, with the country ranked as having the 14th-highest incidence rate internationally; 646 per 100 000 people are infected with TB nationally, whilst KwaZulu-Natal has a provincial incidence of 1466 per 100 000. The Directly-Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) programme is intended to ensure both treatment completion and cure of TB, as well as its evaluation. Despite improved DOTS coverage - the focus of most DOTS studies - the incidence of drug-resistant TB suggests that issues of non-compliance are centrally responsible for ongoing concerns about the implementation and practices related to DOTS.
Objectives : The aim of the study was to explore and describe DOTS implementation practices. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the DOTS implementation practices of professional nurses and to describe modifiable barriers to DOTS.
Method : A qualitative, descriptive, explorative study was conducted through individual interviews until saturation was reached.
Results : The study revealed that DOTS implementation was not in accordance with World Health Organization prescripts. Participants reported barriers such as limited human and material resources, ineffective communication of policy and procedural guidelines, ineffective communication between service delivery institutions and lack of continuity of care, as well as a lack of recording and reporting.
Conclusion : The study recommended a comprehensive recruitment process to facilitate greater training and employment of more permanent health professionals to combat TB in the community; and to re-launch the DOTS programme in underperforming facilities. This would give much needed momentum to efforts targeted at preventing treatment defaults amongst patients.
Agtergrond : Die voorkomskoers van tuberkulose (TB) in Suid-Afrika bly steeds hoog, waar die land internasionaal beskou word as met die 14de hoogste voorkomskoers; 646 per 100 000 mense is nasionaal met TB besmet, terwyl KwaZulu-Natal &apos;n provinsiale voorkoms van 1466 per 100 000toon. Die punte program (DOTS) is bedoel om beide die voltooiing van behandeling en genesing van TB en die evaluering daarvan te verseker. Ten spyte van verbeterde DOTS-dekking, wat die fokus van die meeste DOTS studies is, dui die voorkoms van dwelmweerstandige TB daarop dat die kwessie van nie-nakoming sentraal verantwoordelik is vir voortgesette kommer oor die implementering en praktyke wat verband hou met DOTS.
Doelwitte : Die doel van die studie was om die implementering van DOTS-praktyke te ondersoek en te beskryf. Die doelwitte van die studie was om die DOTS- implementeringspraktyke van professionele verpleegkundiges te ondersoek en te beskryf asook om veranderbare hindernisse ten opsigte van DOTS te beskryf.
Metode : &apos;n Kwalitatiewe, beskrywende, ondersoekende studie is uitgevoer deur middel van individuele onderhoude tot die versadigspunt bereik was.
Resultate : Die studie het getoon dat DOTS-implementering nie in ooreenstemming is met die WHO voorskrifte nie. Deelnemers berig struikelblokke soos beperkte menslike en materiële hulpbronne, oneffektiewe kommunikasie van beleid- en prosedureriglyne, oneffektiewe kommunikasie tussen dienslewerings-instellings en die gebrek aan kontinuïteit van sorg, sowel as &apos;n gebrek aan optekening en verslaggewing.
Gevolgtrekking : Die studie beveel &apos;n omvattende werwingsproses aan wat groter opleiding en indiensneming van meer permanente gesondheidswerkers om TB te bekamp in die gemeenskap sal fasiliteer, asook om die DOTS-program in gemeenskappe met onderpresterende geriewe herbekend te stel. Dit sal broodnodige momentum gee aan pogings wat gerig is op die voorkoming van onderbreekte behandeling onder pasiënte.
Learners&apos; experiences of teachers&apos; aggression in a secondary school in Gauteng, South Africa : original research
Authors: Aneshree Naicker, Chris Myburgh and Marie Poggenpoel
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.793
Background : Research shows that one third of all persons in South Africa have been exposed to one or more types of aggression. It has been observed that learners frequently experience aggression from teachers in the secondary school environment, which has a negative effect on their experience of general wellbeing and mental health.
Objectives : The objectives set for this research were to explore and describe learners&apos; experiences regarding teachers&apos; aggression toward them and to formulate guidelines for learners and teachers to facilitate their mental health.
Method : The population consisted of school learners at a secondary school. Inclusion criteria for sampling were that participants should be grade 11 and 12 learners, between 16 and 18 years of age and should have experienced aggression from teachers in the school. A purposive sample was taken of learners who complied with the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by means of four in-depth phenomenological interviews, 88 naïve sketches, observation and field notes. One central question was posed to the secondary school learners: &apos;What are your experiences of teacher aggression toward you in your schooling environment?&apos; Open coding was used for data analysis. Measures to ensure trustworthiness were applied to ensure the rigour of the research. Ethical principles were adhered to throughout the research process.
Results : The secondary school learners were belittled, as well as emotionally and verbally abused. They also experienced fear and anger. Guidelines were derived from these findings for learners and teachers.
Conclusion : This research found that learners experience aggression in their school environment and need support to facilitate their mental health.
Agtergrond : Navorsing toon dat een derde van alle mense in Suid-Afrika al aan een of ander vorm van geweld blootgestel is. Daar is waargeneem dat leerders dikwels aggressie by onderwysers in die sekondêre skool beleef, wat &apos;n negatiewe uitwerking op hul algemene welsyn en geestelike gesondheid het.
Doelstellings : Die doelstellings vir hierdie navorsing was om leerders se belewing van onderwysers se aggressie te verken en om riglyne te formuleer vir leerders en onderwysers om hulle geestesgesondheid te fasiliteer.
Metode : Die populasie het uit leerders by &apos;n sekondêre skool bestaan. Die kriteria vir insluiting by die steekproef was dat deelnemers in graad 11 of 12 moet wees, tussen 16 en 18 jaar oud, en moes aggressie by onderwysers aan die skool beleef het. &apos;n Doelgerigte steekproef van leerders wie aan die insluitingskriteria voldoen, is geneem. Data is ingesamel deur middel van vier diepgaande fenomenologiese onderhoude, 88 naïewe sketse, waarneming en veldnotas. Een sentrale vraag is aan die sekondêre skool leerders gestel: &apos;Wat is jou belewing van onderwysers se aggressie teenoor jou in jou skoolomgewing?&apos;. Oop kodering is gebruik om die ingesamelde data te analiseer. Maatreëls om vertrouenswaardigheid te verseker is toegepas om die wetenskaplikheid van die navorsing te verseker. Etiese beginsels is dwarsdeur die navorsingsproses toegepas.
Resultate : Die sekondêre skool leerders beleef dat hulle verneder word, asook emosioneel en verbaal mishandel word. Hulle beleef ook vrees en woede. Riglyne vir leerders en onderwysers is uit hierdie bevindinge afgelei.
Gevolgtrekkings : Hierdie navorsing het bevind dat leerders aggressie in hul skoolomgewing beleef en ondersteuning benodig om hul geestesgesondheid te fasiliteer.
Refugees&apos; perceptions regarding HIV and AIDS in Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality in Limpopo Province : original research
Authors: Elizabeth Nkwinika, Lunic B. Khoza, Rachel T. Lebese and Hildah N. Shilubane
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –8 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.711
Background : Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV and AIDS) remain a serious threat to population health and economic well-being of individuals in conflict societies. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is overwhelmingly affected by HIV and is the region with the highest number of armed conflicts worldwide.
A qualitative study of the factors influencing the global migration of anatomical pathologists in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : original research
Authors: Nadeem Cassim and Shaun Ruggunan
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –9 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.811
Background: The aim of the present study was to identify the factors that influence the global migration of South African anatomical pathologists working in the province of KwaZulu- Natal.
Objective: The present study answered the question &apos;what factors influence Kwazulu-Natal-based histopathologists to emigrate out of South Africa?&apos;, thus providing insight into an under-researched medical specialisation.
Methods: A qualitative approach and purposive sampling were used. Data included 11 in-depth interviews with histopathologists working in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), and one interview with a former KZN-based histopathologist now working in the United States. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were coded for patterns, and these patterns generated themes. The processes of coding and thematic generation were iterative.
Results: Six themes were discovered from the data. Of these, five themes suggested reasons for the potential emigration of histopathologists. These included: lack of recognition by clinical doctors, lack of career-pathing opportunities, the deterrent of compulsory service in the public sector upon qualifying, socio-economic and political instability in South Africa, and endemic levels of crime. A sixth theme revealed that remuneration was not a deciding factor as to whether histopathologists choose to emigrate.
Conclusions: Remuneration was not revealed to be a reason for emigration, as these specialists&apos; salaries are commensurate with global salaries. The findings, whilst not generalisable, suggest that more work needs to be done on the human relations aspects of retention for these medical specialists. This has implications for human resources for health policy.
Agtergrond: Die doel van hierdie artikel is om die faktore te identifiseer wat die globale migrasie van Suid-Afrikaanse anatomiese patoloë wat in die provinsie van KwaZulu-Natal werk, beïnvloed.
Doelwit: Hierdie artikel beantwoord die vraag: &apos;Watter faktore beïnvloed histopatoloë wat in KwaZulu-Natal gebaseer is om uit Suid-Afrika te migreer?&apos;, en verskaf sodoende insig in &apos;n ondernagevorste mediese spesialisasie.
Metodes: &apos;n Kwalitatiewe benadering en doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik. Die data het 11 diepgaande onderhoude met histopatoloë wat in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) werk en een onderhoud met &apos;n voormalige KZN-gebaseerde histopatoloog wat nou in die Verenigde State werk, ingesluit. Die onderhoude is opgeneem en getranskribeer. Die data is vir patrone gekodeer en hierdie patrone het temas gegenereer. Die koderingsproses en tematiese generering was herhalend.
Resultate: Ses temas is in hierdie data ontdek. Hiervan het vyf temas redes vir die moontlike migrasie van histopatoloë voorgestel. Dit sluit in gebrek aan erkenning deur kliniese dokters, gebrek aan loopbaangeleenthede, die afskrikmiddel van verpligte diens in die openbare sektor na kwalifisering, sosio-ekonomiese en politieke onstabiliteit in Suid-Afrika, en endemiese misdaadvlakke. &apos;n Sesde tema het aan die lig gebring dat vergoeding nie &apos;n beslissende faktor is in histopatoloë se keuse om te migreer nie.
Gevolgtrekkings: Vergoeding blyk nie &apos;n rede vir migrasie te wees nie, aangesien die salarisse van hierdie spesialiste in ooreenstemming met globale salarisse is. Hoewel dit nie veralgemeenbaar is nie, stel die bevindings voor dat meer werk aan die menseverhouding-aspekte gedoen moet word om hierdie mediese spesialiste te behou. Dit het implikasies vir menslike hulpbronne in gesondheidsbeleid.
British doctors&apos; experiences of working in rural South Africa : the London GP Out of Programme Experience : original research
Authors: Candice Reardon, Oluwatobi Enigbokan and Gavin George
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –10 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.789
Results: The first theme that surfaced from the interviews was that the most common reasons underlying these doctors&apos; motivations for coming to SA related to: the type of diseases and advanced pathologies that they would encounter; the challenge and opportunity for professional growth; and the difference in work environment that would confer on them greater responsibility and autonomy, compared to working in similar positions in the British National Health Service. The second theme, central to the participants&apos; narratives, was the accelerated period of learning that they experienced whilst in SA. Exposure to new and unfamiliar medical cases, a greater level of autonomy and decision-making authority, and resource shortages forced greater reliance on their clinical skills and judgment, which contributed to their professional development.
Conclusion: The doctors&apos; believed the OOPE enhanced their clinical skills and competencies. The findings provide some evidence that attests to the OOPE&apos;s potential to benefit both host facilities and the participating foreign doctors. The findings of the study have practical implications for the further development of programmes to fill vacant posts for health workers in rural South African hospitals.
Agtergrond: Daar bly &apos;n gebrek aan navorsing met betrekking tot tydelike posisies vir buitelandse professionele gesondheidswerkers in Suid-Afrika (SA) as &apos;n moontlike strategiese oplossing vir die tekort aan gesondheidswerkers in die land. Die &apos;Out of Programme Experience&apos; (OOPE) inisiatief, wat deur die &apos;London GP Deanery&apos; georganiseer word, se doel is om &apos;n volhoubare invloei van Britse dokters-in-opleiding aan plattelandse openbare gesondheidsfasiliteite te voorsien.
Women&apos;s perceived susceptibility to and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services in Malawi : original research
Authors: Melanie Y. Hami, Valerie J. Ehlers and Dirk M. Van der Wal
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –8 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.787
Results: A statistically-significant association existed between women&apos;s intentions to be screened for cervical cancer and their knowledge about cervical cancer (X2 = 8.9; df = 1; p = 0.003) and with having heard about HPV infection (X2 = 4.2; df = 1; p = 0.041) at the 5% significance level. Cervical cancer screening services are provided free of charge in government health institutions in Malawi. Nevertheless, low perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer amongst women, aged 42 and older, might contribute to limited utilisation of cervical screening services, explaining why 80% of cervical cancer patients in Malawi were diagnosed during the late inoperable stages.
Conclusion: Malawian women lacked awareness regarding their susceptibility to cervical cancer and required information about the available cervical cancer screening services. Malawi&apos;s women, aged 42 and older, must be informed about the advantages of cervical cancer screening and about the importance of effective treatment if an early diagnosis has been made. Women aged 42 and older rarely attend antenatal, post-natal, well baby or family-planning clinics, where health education about cervical cancer screening is often provided. Consequently, these women aged 42 and older should be informed about cervical screening tests when they utilise any health services.
Doelwitte: Die doel van die studie was was om te bepaal of Malawiese vrouens wat 42 en ouer is se waargenome vatbaarheid vir servikale kanker hulle beïnvleod om beskikbare gratis servikale siftingsdienste te gebruik. &apos;n Kwantitatiwe, deursnee beskrywende navorsingsontwerp was gekies.
Resultate: &apos;n Statistiese beduidende verhouding het bestaan tussen vrouens se voornemens om vir servikale kanker getoets te word en hulle kennis oor servikale kanker (X2 = 8.9; df = 1; p = 0.003) en dat hulle al gehoor het van MPV infeksies (X2 = 4.2; df = 1; p = 0.041) op die 5% vlak van beduidenis. Servikale kanker siftingsdienste is gratis beskikbaar in openbare gesondheidsdiensinrigtings in Malawi. Desnieteenstaande was daar &apos;n lae waargenome risiko van servikale kanker onder vrouens wat 42 jaar oud en ouer was en dit het bygedra tot die beperkte benutting van siftingsdienste, wat verduidelik waarom 80% van servikale kankergevalle in Malawi gedurende die laat onopereerbare fases gediagnoseer is.
Gevolgtrekkings: Malawiese vrouens was onbewus van hulle vatbaarheid vir servikale kanker en het inligting benodig oor servikale kanker siftingsdienste. Malawi se vrouens wat 42 jaar oud en ouer is, moet ingelig word aangaande die voordele van servikale sifting en die belangrikheid van effektiewe behandeling indien &apos;n vroë diagnose gemaak is. Vrouens van 42 of ouer benut selde voorgeboorte, nageboorte gesonde baba, of gesinsbeplanningsklinieke waar voorliging aangaande servikale kanker verskaf word. Gevolglik behoort die vrouens ingelig te word oor servikale siftingstoetse wanneer hulle enige gesondheidsdienste benut.
Health workers&apos; perspectives on implementation of an integrated medical male circumcision strategy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : original research
Author Rogerio Phili
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –8 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.810
Nurses&apos; knowledge of chronic disease management : original research
Authors: Saloshni Naidoo, Ozayr H. Mahomed, Myra Taylor and Shaidah Asmall
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –8 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.809
Background : Chronic diseases of lifestyle are detrimentally affecting South Africans. National Health Insurance, which is intended to improve care, requires capacity building for nurses at primary care clinics to ensure appropriate service provision.
Objective : This study&apos;s objective was to evaluate the impact of the &apos;Primary Care 101&apos; chronic disease management guideline and training on nurses&apos; knowledge of chronic diseases management.
Method : A population-based, unblinded, stratified cluster randomised controlled trial with intervention (n = 20) and control clinics (n = 10) in three South African districts was conducted over six months in 2012. Nurses in the clinics participated in surveying knowledge on management of tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, mental health, epilepsy, diabetes, hypertension and asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All nurses were surveyed at baseline and six months later. Intervention clinic nurses were also surveyed immediately after training and three months post-training. Data were analysed using SPSS version 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).Total mean knowledge percentage scores were calculated for each chronic disease. Mean knowledge percentage score changes between baseline and six months amongst all nurses and between intervention and control clinic nurses were compared using the paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test respectively.
Results : There were significant improvements in nurses&apos; knowledge of hypertension and diabetes management over six months. Knowledge about asthma and COPD management decreased in all districts and nurse categories.
Conclusion : The improvements in nurses&apos; knowledge can ensure improved patient management, but attention to asthma and COPD management is required.
Agtergrond : Chroniese lewenstylsiektes beïnvloed Suid-Afrikaners nadelig. Die nasionale gesondheidsversekering, wat ten doel het om sorg te verbeter, vereis kapasiteitsbou vir verpleegsters by primêre-sorg-klinieke om sodoende toepaslike dienslewering te verseker.
Doelwitte : Hierdie studie se doel was te evalueer wat die impak van die &apos;Primary Care 101&apos; chroniese siekte bestuursriglyn, asook opleiding is op verpleegsters se kennis van hoe om chroniese siektes te bestuur.
Metode : &apos;n Bevolkingsgebaseerde, onverblinde, ewekansige gekontroleerde trossteekproef met ingrypings- (n = 20) en kontrole-klinieke (n = 10) is oor &apos;n tydperk van ses maande in 2012 in drie Suid-Afrikaanse distrikte uitgevoer. Verpleegsters in hierdie klinieke het deelgeneem aan &apos;n opname oor hul kennis oor die bestuur van tuberkulose, menslike immuniteitsgebreksvirus-infeksie, geestesgesondheid, epilepsie, diabetes, hoë bloeddruk, asook asma en chroniese obstruktiewe longsiekte (COPD). Alle verpleegsters is by die basislyn ondervra en ses maande later. Intervensie kliniekverpleegsters is ook ondervra onmiddellik na die opleiding en drie maande post-opleiding. Data is ontleed met behulp van SPSS, weergawe 19 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Totale gemiddelde kennis persentasietellings is vir elke chroniese siekte bereken. Veranderinge in die gemiddelde kennis persentasietellings tussen die basislyn en ses maande later is onder alle verpleegsters, asook tussen ingrypings- en kontrole- kliniekverpleegsters vergelyk met behulp van die gepaarde steekproef t-toets en die onafhanklike steekproef t-toets onderskeidelik.
Resultate : Daar was &apos;n aansienlike verbetering in verpleegsters se kennis oor die bestuur van hoë bloeddruk en diabetes na ses maande. Kennis oor die bestuur van asma en COPD het in alle distrikte en verpleegster-kategorieë afgeneem.
Gevoltrekking : Die verbetering in die verpleegsters se kennis kan verbeterde pasiëntbestuur verseker, maar die bestuur van asma en COPD vereis verdere aandag.
A critical synthesis of interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness : original research
Authors: Kenetsoe B. Seroalo, Emmerentia Du Plessis, Magdalena P. Koen and Vicki Koen
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –10 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.800
Background : Interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness. However, mental healthcare users are still stigmatised.
Objective : The objective of this study was to critically synthesise the best available evidence regarding interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness.
Method : An exploratory and descriptive research design was followed to identify primary studies; systematic review identified primary studies answering this research question: What best evidence is available regarding interventions to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness? A search was done on selected electronic databases. Seventeen studies (n = 17) were identified as providing evidence that answered the research question. The following instruments were used: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice research evidence appraisal tool and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual. The study was submitted to the Post-graduate Education and Research Committee of the School of Nursing Science at Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University for approval.
Results : Results indicated some interventions that reduce the stigma attached to mental illness, such as web-based approaches, printed educational materials, documentary and anti-stigma films, as well as live and video performances.
Conclusions : Humanising interventions seems to have a positive effect on reducing stigma attached to mental illness. From the results and conclusions recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, nursing education and research.
Agtergrond : Ingrypings is ontwikkel en geïmplementeer om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder. Die persone wat aan geestesongesteldhede ly, ondervind egter steeds dat daar &apos;n stigma aan hulle kleef.
Doelstellings : Die doel van die studie was om die beste beskikbare voorbeelde van intervensies om stigmatisering van geestesongesteldhede te verminder, krities saam te vat.
Metode : &apos;n Verkennende en beskrywende navorsingsontwerp is gevolg om primêre studies te identifiseer. &apos;n Sistematiese oorsig is gekies as metode om primêre studies te identifiseer om die volgende navorsingsvraag te beantwoord: Wat is die beste beskikbare voorbeelde van ingrypings om die stigma verbonde aan geestesongesteldhede te verminder? &apos;n Ondersoek is gedoen op &apos;n uitgesoekte elektroniese databasis.
Resultate : Tydens die keuring van studies is 17 studies geïdentifiseer (n = 17) as bewyslewering en wat die navorsingsvraag beantwoord. Die volgende instrumente is gebruik: &apos;Critical Appraisal Skills Programme&apos;, &apos;John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice&apos;, &apos;Research Evidence Appraisal Tool and Evidence Analysis Manual&apos;, en &apos;Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics&apos;.
Gevolgtrekking : Die studie is aan die Nagraadse Onderrig- en Navorsingskomitee van die Skool van Verpleegkunde van die Potchefstroomkampus, Noordwes-Universiteit, voorgelê vir goedkeuring. Aanbevelings is geformuleer vir die verpleegpraktyk, verpleegonderrig en navorsing.
Interventions to promote psychiatric patients&apos; compliance to mental health treatment : a systematic review : original research
Authors: Mosidi B. Serobatse, Emmerentia Du Plessis and Magdalena P. Koen
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –10 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.799
Background : Non-compliance to treatment remains one of the greatest challenges in mental healthcare services, and how to improve this remains a problem.
The effectiveness of a pregnancy leaflet to promote health in Tshwane, South Africa : original research
Authors: Susan C. Wright, Titilayo T. Biya and Majapi E. Chokwe
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –7 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.764
Background : Pregnancy-related health education conveys basic information regarding healthy lifestyle choices and preventive healthcare in order to promote the health of the mother and foetus. Verbal education is supplemented frequently by means of health-promotion leaflets. A pregnancy-related leaflet used in primary care clinics in Tshwane, South Africa titled: &apos;Are you pregnant or planning to have a baby?&apos; was the focus of this research.
Perceptions of menopause and aging in rural villages of Limpopo Province, South Africa : original research
Authors: Nditsheni J. Ramakuela, Henry A. Akinsola, Lunic B. Khoza, Rachel T. Lebese and Augustine Tugli
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 19, pp 1 –8 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v19i1.771
Background : The term &apos;menopause&apos; is derived from the Greek words men (month) and pausis (a cessation, a pause). It is a direct description of the psychological and physical events in women where menstruation ceases to occur. It is the time in a woman&apos;s life when she has experienced her last menstrual bleed. Menopause is not a disease per se but a condition associated with hormonal changes where oestrogen diminishes to a low level, causing aging-related health problems.
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of menopause and aging amongst women in rural villages of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Method : The study was qualitative and explorative, using phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the four villages and to select the focus groups. Sample size was determined by data saturation.
Results : The study findings were that participants in the villages associated cessation of menstruation to aging rather than menopause. Once menstruation stopped, one was regarded as old.
Conclusion : The conclusions of the study were that (1) menopausal issues should be emphasised and receive priority from puberty at the girls initiation schools, high schools, churches, other community resources and health care services so that when women reach menopause, (2) they should accept and be able to effectively cope with menopause and aging. (3) Emphasis should also be placed on menopause as the aspect of human aging.
Agtergrond : Die term &apos;menopouse&apos; is afgelei van die Griekse woorde menos (maand) en pausis (onderbreking/pouse, einde) en is &apos;n direkte beskrywing van die psigologiese en fisiese gebeure in vroue waar menstruasie ophou voorkom. Dit is die tyd in &apos;n vrou se lewe wanneer die laaste menstruele bloeding ervaar word. Menopouse is nie &apos;n siekte per se nie, maar &apos;n toestand wat geassosieer word met hormonale veranderings waar estrogen afneem tot &apos;n vlak wat gesondheidsverwante probleme veroorsaak.
Doelstelling : Die doel van die studie was om persepsies ten opsigte van menopause en veroudering onder landelike vroue in die Vhembe-distrik in Limpopo Provinsie, Suid-Afrika, te verken.
Metode : Die studie was kwalitatief en verkennend, met &apos;n fenomenologiese benadering. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om die vier dorpies en deelnemers van die fokusgroepe te selekteer. Die steekproefgrootte is bepaal deur dataversadiging.
Resultate : Die bevindings was dat die deelnemers die einde van menstruasie aan ouderdom, en nie aan menopause nie, toeskryf. Wanneer menstruasie stop, word &apos;n vrou dus as oud beskou.
Gevolgtrekkings : Aanbevelings was dat (1) menopausale onderwerpe reeds beklemtoon behoort te word vanaf puberteit in inisiasieskole, hoërskole, kerke en gemeenskappe en gesondheidsdienste sodat, wanneer menopouse bereik word, (2) vroue dit kan aanvaar en positief ervaar. (3) Klem behoort ook op menopause as &apos;n menslike aspek van veroudering gelê te word.