Ichneutica phaula
Ichneutica phaula is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is found only in the South Island in the Nelson district, the eastern side of the South Island and Stewart Island. "I. phaula" inhabits tussock grasslands and coastal sand dunes. Host species include "Ficinia spiralis", "Ammophila arenaria", "Poa cita" and other "tussock grasses". The adults of this species are on the wing from October to December and are attracted to sugar traps. "I. phaula" is similar in appearance to both "I. micastra," with whom it does not share a range, and "I.  sapiens" which differs from "I. phaula" as "I. sapiens" is darker and has a more reddish tinge. Taxonomy. This species was described by Edward Meyrick in 1887 from specimens bred in tussock grass. The lectotype is held at the Canterbury Museum. In 1988 J. S. Dugdale placed this species within the "Tmetolophota" genus. In 2019 Robert Hoare undertook a major review of New Zealand Noctuidae species. During this review the genus "Ichneutica" was greatly expanded and the genus "Tmetolophota" was subsumed into that genus as a synonym. As a result of this review, this species is now known as "Ichneutica  phaula." Description. Meyrick described this species as follows: The adult male has a wingspan of between 32 and 40 mm and the adult female has a wingspan of between 36 and 45 mm. This species is very similar in appearance to "I. micastra," although the ranges of the two species appears not to overlap"." "I. phaula" can be distinguished as there is a difference in pectinations on its antennae. Also both male and female "I. phaula" are lighter and less chunky than "I. micastra". "I. phaula" is also similar to "I. sapiens" but "I. phaula" tends to be a paler  species with "I. sapiens" having a more reddish tinge. Distribution. "I. phaula" is endemic to New Zealand. This species is found only in the South Island, in the Nelson district, on the eastern side of the South Island and on Stewart Island. Habitat. This species has been found in tussock grasslands as well as in coastal sand dunes. Behaviour. Adults of this species are on the wing from October to December and are attracted to sugar traps. Life history and host species. Some portions of this species life history is unknown but the larval host species include "Ficinia spiralis", "Ammophila  arenaria", "Poa cita" and other "tussock grasses".