Simone Moro
Simone Moro (born 27 October 1967 in Bergamo) is an Italian alpinist known for having made first winter ascents of four of the fourteen eight-thousanders: Shishapangma in 2005, Makalu in 2009, Gasherbrum II in 2011, and Nanga Parbat in 2016. He has also summited Everest four times, in 2000, 2002, 2006, and 2010. Moro is also an experienced helicopter pilot. In 2013, he and two other rescue experts carried out the world's highest long-line rescue operation on a helicopter, on Lhotse, at 7800m. On 12 November 2015 he set a new flight altitude world  record in an ES 101 Raven turboshaft-powered helicopter (6705m). Early life. Born in Bergamo, in northern Italy, to middle-class parents, Moro grew up in the borough of Valtesse and was actively encouraged by his father in his passion for the mountains. His father was an accomplished climber and cyclist and also fostered a lively and international environment around him. He started climbing on the Presolana and other massifs of the Bergamasque Alps at the age of 13. He completed his university studies and graduated "cum laude" in 2003 at the age of thirty-five. Mountain climbing career . Moro began his climbing activity on the Grigne near his home city. His father was his first mentor, and later Alberto Cosonni and Bruno Tassi. At that time he was primarily involved in rock climbing, an activity he has never given up. In 1992 he participated in his first Himalayan expedition, to Mount Everest. One year later Moro climbed Aconcagua. He made expeditions to other mountains in the 1990s, including Cerro Mirador and Makalu in 1993; Shishapangma and Lhotse in 1994, Kangchenjunga in 1995. In 1996 Moro climbed the west wall of Fitz Roy ( in Patagonia) in 25 hours from  the base to the summit and back to the base. In the same year, he climbed Shishapangma South () without oxygen in 27 hours using skis in the descent from . In 1997 he summited Lhotse. In Winter 1997 he attempted the South face of Annapurna. During this attempt, his climbing companions Anatoli Boukreev and Dimitri Sobolev died in an avalanche. He tried Everest again in 1998; summited four peaks Pik Lenin (), Peak Korzhenevskaya (), Ismoil Somoni Peak (, formerly known as Pik Kommunizma), Pik Khan Tengri () with young Kazakhstan guide Denis Urubko; then summited Everest with him in 2000 and Marble Wall in  winter 2001. In 2002 he summited three peaks: Mount Vinson, Cho Oyu and Everest; summited three peaks: Broad Peak, Elbrus and Kilimanjaro in 2003, summited Baruntse along a new route and tried Shishapangma and Annapurna in 2004; Batura and Batokshi peaks in 2005, Broad Peak in winter 2006 and 2007. In 2005 he achieved the first winter summit of Shishapangma, with Piotr Morawski. In 2006 he completed a solo south–north traverse of Everest descending from the top in five hours. In 2008 he made (with Hervè Barmasse) the first ascent of Beka Brakai Chhok ( Karakorum). The climbing was in  pure alpine style and in 43 hours. In January 2009 Moro made the first winter ascent of Makalu with Denis Urubko, and in February 2011 the first winter ascent of Gasherbrum II with Denis Urubko and Cory Richards. In February 2016, he completed the first winter ascent of Nanga Parbat with Alex Txikon and Ali Sadpara. In February 2018, he completed the first winter ascent of Peak Pobeda, Sakha along with fellow Italian mountaineer Tamara Lunger. Incident on Mount Everest, 2013. On 27 April 2013, Moro was climbing on the Lhotse Face, above Camp 3 of the Southeast Ridge route  of Mount Everest. He was climbing with Ueli Steck and Jonathan Griffith when they passed besides a group of 17 [Sherpa] climbers who were fixing rope for the rest of the teams on the mountain. There are conflicting accounts from both parties, with the Sherpa claiming that Moro and his team insulted them and knocked over ice while traversing above them. Afterwards, Moro and his teammates descended to Camp 2. While discussing the incident with other climbers, Moro, Steck and Griffith were violently attacked by a much larger group of Sherpa. They claim the Sherpa had covered their faces as  they threw punches and rocks at them. Tensions only eased after other foreign climbers at Camp 2, including Melissa Arnot, intervened to defuse the situation. Moro and his team left the mountain but the incident received worldwide attention. Rescue missions in Nepalese Himalayas. In May 2001 he tried to traverse Everest–Lhotse: during an attempt on the wall of Lhotse at 8000 metres he abandoned the climb to search, rescue and save English alpinist Tom Moores. Moro was a recipient of the Fair Play Pierre de Coubertin trophy from UNESCO, the Civilian Gold Medal from Italian president Carlo Azeglio Ciampi  and the David A. Sowles Memorial Award from the American Alpine Club. Tom Moores recalls his meeting with Moro this way: In 2009, he bought a helicopter with his own money to carry out search and rescue operations in the Nepalese Himalayas for Nepalese people. He has piloted the helicopter several times to rescue alpinists, sherpas, trekkers and people in remote areas. Charitable work. In 2003, Moro projected and financed a school for 396 Sherpa children in the Nepalese village of Syadul. The objective of the project, carried with an Italian foundation, was to prevent early school leaving in the  area. The school was opened in 2005. It is located in a village a thousand meters above sea level and three hours from the nearest road. Near the Nanga Parbat base camp, he financed, built and donated to the Pakistani district of Gilgit Baltistan a small masonry building for local shepherds and a small hospital in the village of Ser.