Sanora Babb
Sanora Babb (April 21, 1907 – December 31, 2005) was an American novelist, poet, and literary editor. Early life and career. Sanora Babb was born in Otoe territory in what is now Oklahoma, though neither her mother nor father were of the Otoe group of Native Americans. Her father, Walter, a professional gambler, moved Sanora and her sister Dorothy to a one-room dugout on a broomcorn farm settled by her grandfather near Lamar, Colorado. (The town in "An Owl On Every Post" is Two Buttes, in Baca County, to the south of Lamar which is in Prowers County .) Her experiences were fictionalized in her novels "An Owl on Every Post" and "The Lost Traveler". She did not start attending school until she was 11, and she graduated from high school as valedictorian. She began studying at the University of Kansas but she could not afford to continue there and after one year transferred to junior College in Garden City, Kansas. Her first work in journalism was with the "Garden City Herald", and several of her articles were reprinted by the Associated Press. She moved to Los Angeles in 1929 to work for the "Los Angeles Times", but due  to the U.S. stock market crash of 1929 the newspaper retracted its offer. She occasionally was homeless through the Depression, sleeping in Lafayette Park. She eventually found secretarial work with Warner Brothers and wrote scripts for radio station KFWB. She joined the John Reed Club and was a member of the U.S. Communist Party for 11 years, visiting the Soviet Union in 1936, but she dropped out of the party due to the authoritarian structure and in-fighting. In 1938, she returned to California to work for the Farm Security Administration. While with FSA, she kept detailed notes on the  tent camps of the Dust Bowl migrants to California. Without her knowledge, the notes were given to John Steinbeck by her supervisor Tom Collins. She turned the stories she collected into her novel, "Whose Names Are Unknown". Bennett Cerf planned to publish the novel with Random House, but the appearance of Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath" caused publication to be shelved in 1939. Her novel was not published until 2004. In the early 1940s Babb was West Coast secretary of the League of American Writers. She edited the literary magazine "The Clipper" and its successor "The California Quarterly", helping  to introduce the work of Ray Bradbury and B. Traven, as well as running a Chinese restaurant owned by Howe. During the early years of the HUAC hearings, Babb was blacklisted, and moved to Mexico City to protect the "graylisted" Howe from further harassment. Babb resumed publishing books in 1958 with the novel "The Lost Traveler", followed in 1970 with her memoir "An Owl on Every Post". Babb's shelved novel "Whose Names Are Unknown" was released by the University of Oklahoma Press in 2004. Personal life. Babb had a long friendship with writer William Saroyan starting in 1932 that  grew into an unrequited love affair on Saroyan's part. She also had an affair with Ralph Ellison. She met her future husband, the Chinese-American cinematographer James Wong Howe, before World War II. They traveled to Paris in 1937 to marry, but their marriage was not recognized in California, due to the state's anti-miscegenation law (which prohibited marriage between people of different races). Howe would not cohabit with Babb while they were legally unwed, due to his traditional Chinese views, so they maintained separate apartments in the same building. Howe's studio contract "morals clause" also prohibited  him from publicly acknowledging their marriage. Indeed, they would not marry until 1948, after plaintiffs Andrea Perez (white) and Sylvester Davis (black) brought a lawsuit ("Perez v. Sharp)" in state supreme court, which overturned the prohibition. It took Howe and Babb another three days to find a judge who agreed to marry them. Even then, the judge reportedly remarked "She looks old enough. If she wants to marry a chink, that's her business." Coincidentally, in 1939 Babb had used the pseudonym "Sylvester Davis", the same name as that of the husband in "Perez v. Sharp".