Pornotopia
Pornotopia is a fantasy state dominated by imagined sexual activity, such as the idealized, imaginative space of pornography. The word "pornotopia" was coined by the critic Steven P. Marcus. Daniel Bell saw the hedonistic promotion of pornotopia in late capitalism as paradoxically undercutting the very virtues of bourgeois sobriety upon which capitalism was originally built. Structure. Pornotopia is characterized by its freedom from the normal social restraints of place and time – as Marcus put it, "It is always summertime in pornotopia". External reality is either split off entirely, or its problems dissolved under a tide of sex. Narrative flow  will hang on a tenuous line – a picaresque adventure allowing for multiple encounters, or perhaps a Sadean multiplication of all possible combinations of persons/orifices. Beginnings will be sketchy, but, as Marcus argues, "it is an end, a conclusion of any kind, that pornography most resists": one reason Susan Sontag singled out the novel "The Image" as transcending its genre, was precisely its finely structured conclusion, retrospectively illuminating all that had gone before. Characters. Characters in Pornotopia are typically ithyphallic, ever ready for sex, and with an almost omnipotent capacity for renewal and further action. They are also largely invulnerable . Thus in the Story of O, just as the chains never rust in her fairytale-style château, so too the inhabitants are never damaged by their ordeals, and never lose an iota of their allure in a triumph of the imaginary over the reality principle. Reception. Historian Brian Harrison criticized Marcus's concept of pornotopia for being based exclusively on a small number of mid-Victorian texts drawn solely from Britain, from which Marcus drew far-reaching conceptual conclusions about the comprehensive genre of pornography. More recently, Thomas Joudrey, drawing on the same archive that Marcus had examined at the  Kinsey Institute, challenged the concept of pornotopia by calling attention to the pervasive presence of bodily decay, suffering, and death in Victorian pornographic novels, manifested in such phenomena as impotence, castration, torn foreskins, slack vaginas, incontinence, and syphilitic outbreaks. Joudrey further challenged the concept of pornotopia by drawing attention to extensive political commentary in pornographic magazines such as "The Pearl", including references to the Reform Bills and Contagious Diseases Acts, in addition to many controversial public figures, including Annie Besant, Charles Spurgeon, Wilfrid Lawson, Newman Hall, Edmund Burke, William Gladstone, and Robert Peel.