Spui (Amsterdam)
The Spui (. In Old Dutch written as "Spuy") is a square in the centre of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. The Spui was originally a body of water that formed the southern limit of the city until the 1420s, when the Singel canal was dug as an outer moat around the city. A spui is a lockable water discharge. The word is related to the Dutch verbs "spuiten" and "spuwen", cognates of the English word "spewing". Spui could therefore be translated as "Spew". In 1882 the Spui was filled in and became the square that we know  today. In 1996 the square was renovated and is now largely car-free. The Spui is hosts a weekly book market on Fridays and a variety of bookstores on or near the square, including two shops dedicated to English-language literature (the American Book Center relocated to the Spui in October 2006). There is also a weekly Sunday art market. The Spui provides entry to the Begijnhof, a Medieval courtyard. Tram lines 1 and 2 stop at Spui on Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal and tram lines 4, 14 and 24 and stop at the southern entrance of the Rokin metro station located  just across Spui. Works of art. A small statue, "Het Lieverdje" ("The Little Darling"), stands on the square. The statue represents the youth of Amsterdam, always playing pranks yet with a heart of gold. He was a gift to the city from a cigarette company in 1960. In the 1960s, the Provo counterculture movement held weekly gatherings around the statue. Also located at the Spui is the work of Lawrence Weiner, "Een vertaling van de ene taal in de andere (A Translation from one language to another)", three pairs of two stones placed against each other, located at different places  of the square. Each pair presents the sentence in Dutch on one side, and on the other side in English, Arabic and Surinaams respectively.