Yamada Line (Kintetsu)
The is a railway line of the Japanese private railway company Kintetsu Railway, connecting Ise-Nakagawa Station (Matsusaka, Mie) and Ujiyamada Station (Ise, Mie) in Japan. The line runs parallel to parts of the JR Central Kisei Main Line and Sangū Line. The line connects with the Toba Line at Ujiyamada Station. The Yamada Line, Toba Line, and Shima Line form a single train line that begins at Ise-Nakagawa Station and serves the Ise-Shima tourist region. In 1941 when the line received its name, the city of Ise was called Ujiyamada and was actually a  merger of two towns formerly called Uji and Yamada. The heart of the old town of Yamada was near modern-day Ujiyamada Station, the terminus, and thus the line was named the "Yamada Line". Services.  LO  Local (; )  EX  Express (; )  RE  Rapid Express (; )  LE  Limited Express (; )  NS  Non-stop Limited Express (; )  SV  Premium Express Shimakaze (; ) History. The Yamada Line was built in the late 1920s and early 1930s to provide a more direct link for pilgrims and travelers going between Osaka and Ise Grand Shrine in Ujiyamada (now Ise) and was designed to compete with the Japanese National Railways Sangū Line  (now owned by JR Central). Sankyū Main Line. Originally built and operated by Sangū Express Electric Railway ("Sankyū") the line was designed to link directly with what is now the Osaka Line. However, at that time the Osaka Line, which was operated under a different name by Osaka Electric Railroad ("Daiki"), only ran to and Sankyū managed the section from Sakurai to ; this railway was known as the . During the construction of the easternmost section of the Sankyū Main Line (most of what is now the Yamada Line), another private railway company, Ise Electric Railway ("Iseden"), was constructing another line  right alongside that would eventually link with and was known as the Iseden Main Line. The two lines opened within just a few weeks of each other in 1930 which led to there being three parallel lines (the third being the Sangū Line) owned by three different companies running between Matsusaka and Ujiyamada. Sankyū and Iseden pledged to work together to ensure they both prospered, however both companies soon began a merger struggle and, in 1936, Sankyū won the battle and acquired Iseden and its lines. The Iseden Main Line became known as the Sankyū Ise Line. Sankyū now owned  two lines that both terminated in Ujiyamada: The Main Line which ran west towards Osaka and the Ise Line which ran north to with plans for an extension to Nagoya. However, the last of both lines closely paralleled each other, so Sankyū developed a plan to utilize one of these two sets of tracks to provide service to both Osaka and Nagoya and to phase out and eventually close the other. It was decided that the Sankyū Main Line was the better line for this task and that Sankyū-Nakagawa Station (now ) would serve as the three-way meeting point  of trains bound for Osaka, Nagoya, and Ujiyamada. This plan became a reality within just a couple of years; the Ise Line was extended northeast to Nagoya and a new track connecting the Ise Line (at ) to Sankyū-Nakagawa was completed (this would later become the Kintetsu Nagoya Line). Once this major change took place, ridership on the Matsusaka ~ Ujiyamada section of the Main Line became significantly higher and the parallel section of the Ise Line was closed in 1942. Yamada Line. In 1941, Sankyū and its parent company Daiki merged to form Kansai Kyuko Railway ("Kankyū"), the precursor  to Kintetsu. Before this merger, the Sankyū Main Line had originated at Sakurai and terminated at Ujiyamada, however after the merger the various lines were combined and renamed, resulting in the section between Sakurai and Ise-Nakagawa, along with part of Daiki's lines, becoming the Osaka Line and the section between Ise-Nakagawa and Ujiyamada becoming the Yamada Line, as it is today. In 1944, following mergers with other Kansai area railway companies, Kankyū became Kintetsu and the line came under its current ownership and name. Although the city of Ujiyamada (the basis for the name "Yamada Line") changed  its name to Ise in 1955, the train line still maintains the same name to this day. Even though Kintetsu owned both the Nagoya Line and the Yamada Line, direct service between Nagoya and Ujiyamada was not possible because the Sankyū Main Line (Yamada Line) was built using a railway gauge of , however the Sankyū Ise Line (Nagoya Line) was built using a gauge of , so it was necessary for passengers to change trains at Ise-Nakagawa. However, in September 1959, the Nagoya Line suffered severe damage due to the Ise-wan Typhoon and while repairing the line, Kintetsu widened  the gauge of the entire line to 1,435 mm so that express trains could travel directly from Nagoya to Ujiyamada without changing; this service began in early 1960. Direct service from both Osaka and Nagoya was extended from Ujiyamada to in 1970 with the opening of the Toba Line which provided a connection between Ujiyamada at the end of the Yamada Line and at the beginning of the then-isolated Shima Line.