Lucarne
In general architecture a lucarne is a term used to describe a . The original term refers to a , usually set into the middle of a roof although it can also apply to a facade lucarne, where the gable of the lucarne is aligned with the face of the wall. This general meaning is also preserved in British use, particularly for small windows into unoccupied attic or spire spaces. Nikolaus Pevsner gives its meaning as "a small gabled opening in a roof or a spire". In industrial architecture the term lucarne is used to describe a feature of a warehouse , mill or factory where a window or opening high up on an outside wall supports a hoist above doors on the floors below. The simplest lucarne is no more than the extension of a roof beyond a gable wall, with a ridge timber strong enough to support a hoist. A gin wheel on this beam can provide a simple rope hoist, sufficient to lift a sack of grain. Any greater weights than this are likely to need either a pulley block with multiple advantage, or a geared chain hoist. Some lucarnes are enclosed, and are often wooden-clad structures cantilevered  out from the wall. For strength though, the hoist is often carried by a steel girder or reinforced concrete structure. These enclosed lucarnes may act as a loading dock for that floor, with a trapdoor beneath, or they may be simply weather housings for a hoist serving the floors beneath. They are commonly a small housing high in the eaves, above the main working floors. Mills may only require loading to a single floor, but warehouses will require access from each floor. Each hoist accesses all of the floors beneath it, through their prominent doors. These doors often provide a  modern indication of an old warehouse building's original purpose. These doors sometimes have an iron fold-down flap outside them, as a short loading step, giving clearance for the hoist away from the wall. Some large examples are multi-storey. Where multiple vehicles could be alongside a building at once, there could be multiple closely spaced lucarnes in use simultaneously. Repurposed buildings. Many surviving warehouses are now converted as multiple flats. The large loading doorways on each floor are often converted with large windows and sometimes a balcony. The lucarne is now superfluous and may be either preserved as  a decorative feature, or (often for wooden examples in poor condition) removed. Some remain in a vestigial form, where they must still complete a roof, but the structure below has gone.