Humbug (magazine)
Humbug is a humor magazine published from 1957 to 1958. Edited by Harvey Kurtzman, the magazine took satirical jabs at movies, television, advertising and various artifacts of popular culture, from cereal boxes to fashion photographs. Nine of the eleven issues were published in a black-and-white comic book-sized format. With fatally accurate irony, Kurtzman delivered his declaration of editorial principles in the first issue: Several of the project's contributing artists had previously worked with Kurtzman when he was the editor of "Mad", including Wallace Wood, Jack Davis, Al Jaffee and Will Elder. The 32-page  first issue (August 1957) featured a front cover by Elder (with the announcement "The End of the World Is Coming" inside a border design depicting contemporary life). Interior artwork was by Elder, Kurtzman, Wood, Davis, Jaffee and Arnold Roth. Outside writer contributions included a piece by the novelist and screenwriter Ira Wallach. Elder illustrated Kurtzman's satire of television's rigged "Twenty One" quiz show, and Davis spoofed the Elia Kazan film of Tennessee Williams' "Baby Doll" (1956). The second issue expanded from 32 pages to 48 pages. Later issues included text pieces by Larry Siegel, who would soon move  on to a 32-year stint with "Mad". Al Jaffee returned to "Mad" in the same issue as Siegel, and has remained with the magazine for more than half a century. Wally Wood was the only artist to work simultaneously for "Mad" and Kurtzman's post-"Mad" projects; after "Humbug" folded, Wood was a "Mad" regular until 1964. It took Jack Davis seven years to return to "Mad"; the artist's second run at "Mad" lasted from 1965 to 1996. Overview. "Humbug" was made up of humorous, satirical comics and prose pieces. It was published in a comic book format in  black-and-white with a second color, and sold for 15 cents at a time when most comic books were in full color for 10 cents. In comparison to "Mad" or "Trump", "Humbug" was more political, and had more of the feel of a college humor magazine. History. After the cancellation of "Trump", a heartbroken Harvey Kurtzman set his sights on a new humor magazine project. Humbug, Inc. was started with $6,500 pooled together from the pockets of Kurtzman, Arnold Roth, Al Jaffee, Will Elder and Harry Chester. Though the partners contributed different levels of capital, they were all  given equal weight in the company. Even so, it was clear that Kurtzman led the operation. Jack Davis, a regular contributor to "Mad" and "Trump", was also a major contributor to "Humbug", but decided not to become a financial partner. He continued to draw a paycheck for his work as the founders found themselves deeper in the red. Size matters. Although "Humbug" offered the same type of superior satires Kurtzman had previously presented in "Mad" and "Trump", the small size was a genuine problem. It sometimes was the smallest publication in magazine racks, with the result that it was often  hidden behind larger magazines. Despite a change to a larger magazine format with the tenth issue, it ceased publication with issue #11. Many contributors to "Humbug" were also the project's financial supporters, but their investments were lost when the magazine folded because of poor distribution. Kurtzman closed up shop with the following editorial in the magazine's last issue: Man—We're Beat! Satire has got us beat. 1953—We started "Mad" magazine for a comic-book publisher and we did some pretty good satire and it sold very well. 1956—We started "Trump" magazine ... and we worked much harder  and we did much better satire and we sold much worse. 1957—We started "Humbug" magazine and we worked hardest of all and turned out the very best satire of all, which of course now sells the very worst of all. And now ... as they throw rocks at Vice President Nixon ... as space gets cluttered with missiles ... and as our names are carefully removed from our work in "Mad" pocketbooks—a feeling of beatness creeps through our satirical veins and capillaries and we think how George S. Kaufman once said, "Satire is something that closes Saturday night." Publication history. Some  material from the magazine was collected in the paperback, "The Humbug Digest" (Ballantine Books). A complete "Humbug" collection of all 11 issues was reprinted February 2008 in a two-volume slipcased edition by Fantagraphics Books. It includes annotations by John Benson, a lengthy 2005 interview with Arnold Roth and Al Jaffee, plus a four-page explanation of exactly how restoration of the magazine was accomplished by Fantagraphics. Reception and legacy. Hugh Hefner, who had published "Trump", provided "those strange ones" at "Humbug" a nine-page feature in "Playboy"s December 1957 issue. Underground cartoonist Robert Crumb said that the elaborate Davis –Elder cover to the second issue of "Humbug" "changed his life". In 1958 Crumb and his brother Charles self-published three issues of "Foo" in imitation of "Humbug" and "Mad". Crumb paid homage to Humbug's detailed cover borders on every cover of his magazine Weirdo from the 1980s. To Diana Green, the humor in "Humbug" suffered from a topicality "inherent in satire" that lost its bite when read out of its own time and context.