Gilchrest Road, New York crossing accident
The Gilchrest Road crossing accident was a grade crossing accident that occurred on March 24, 1972, in the town of Clarkstown, New York, between the hamlets of Valley Cottage and Congers, roughly northwest of New York City. Five students from Valley Cottage were killed, and 44 others were injured. The Penn Central (formerly New York Central) railway crossing at Gilchrest Road West, just outside Valley Cottage, contained only crossbucks and lacked additional warning hardware, such as flashing lights, crossing gates or a warning bell. The railway line was also difficult for road vehicles to  see due to the curvature of the road and lineside trees. Accident. On the morning of March 24, 1972, 35-year-old Joseph Larkin was driving Nyack High School GMC H6500 school bus number 596, loaded past capacity, downhill on Gilchrest Road. The bus was filled with 48 passengers, 31 males and 17 females with some passengers standing due to lack of room. Penn Central freight train WV-1 (with #2653, a GE U25B as its leading locomotive), traveling at with 83 loaded freight cars (73 from origin at Weehawken, New Jersey, plus ten more picked up en route at North  Bergen), destined for Penn Central's Selkirk, New York yard, was heading toward the Gilchrest Road crossing and began blowing its horn. Larkin did not decrease the speed of the bus as he approached the grade crossing. The train engineer saw the bus cross the tracks and immediately applied the brakes. However, the train's momentum carried it through the crossing, where it collided with the bus. The freight train ripped through the school bus, severing it into two sections, with the front half coming to rest a quarter mile (1,116 ft) down the tracks. The rear section of the  bus was torn loose, and fell off next to the tracks upside down with a number of students still inside, while several other students were ejected from the remaining portion of the bus, passing through separated floor sections and fell between the rails into the path of the train. Survivor Timothy Wilkins described that, "All of a sudden, someone yelled, 'Train.' I looked up and the train was there. I heard the train brakes and I heard the engine..." Victims. Three students, Jimmy McGuiness (17), Richard Macaylo (18), and Bobby Mauterer (14), were killed instantly. Forty-five more students and  Larkin were rushed to a nearby hospital, where 14-year-old Thomas Grosse died from his injuries several days later. 16-year-old Stephan Ward died on April 14. Some of the children that survived required artificial limbs. One reporter wrote that in the aftermath the hospital had "...anguished mothers, some still clad in bathrobes, crowded the hospital lobby seeking information on their children." None of the train crew were injured in the accident. Trial. Larkin was brought to trial and charged with criminally negligent homicide in the death of the five students. He pled not guilty to all charges . Aftermath. After the accident there was public outcry and anger against the driver and the fact that there were no warning gates or lights at the crossing. On September 22, 1972, the National Transportation Safety Board directed a recommendation relating to the accident towards the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Louis M. Thayer was part of the five member board of the Federal Agency to question witnesses and investigate the accident. A mass for three students who were killed were held at St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church in Congers. A special interdenominational prayer service for the recovery of the  injured was held as part of the Palm Sunday observance at All Saints Protestant Episcopal Church in Valley Cottage. Because of the accident, the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles established article 19-A, which is a system that all bus drivers must be qualified to drive by completing a certain amount of requirements, which include, biennial medicals (with follow-ups if needed), biennial written or oral tests, biennial road tests, yearly defensive driving tests, yearly license abstracts, and fingerprints with criminal history reviews. Article 19-A was established in 1974, two years after the accident. Gilchrest Road, New