Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Tioga County is a county located on the central northern border of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,981. Its county seat is Wellsboro. The county was created on March 26, 1804, from part of Lycoming County and later organized in 1812. It is named for the Tioga River. History. The county was originally settled by migrants of "Yankee" stock (migrants from New England and the western part of New York who were descended from the English Puritans of colonial New England). With the opening of a rough wagon road  to the source of the Tioga River, New England settlers poured over the Allegheny Mountains. Tioga County resembled upstate New York more than it did eastern Pennsylvania, as its population primarily consisted of settlers from New England. Developers and land speculators laid out roads, established post routes, erected public buildings, and invited people to move there. The original settlers were entirely of New England origins or were Yankees from upstate New York, whose families had recent ancestors in New England, with migration taking place in the aftermath of the Revolutionary War. Tioga County was largely culturally contiguous with New England  culture, which was influential across the Northern Tier of the United States through its migrants. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the county accepted more immigrants from Ireland, Germany and eastern Europe, who came to work in the coal mines. A number of them were Roman Catholic, introducing more diversity into the mixture of religions here. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.3%) is water. It is the fourth-largest county in Pennsylvania by land area and fifth-largest by total area. It has a  warm-summer humid continental climate ("Dfb") and average monthly temperatures in Wellsboro range from 22.8 °F in January to 68.2 °F in July. Demographics. As of the census of 2000, there were 41,373 people, 15,925 households, and 11,195 families residing in the county. The population density was 36 people per square mile (14/km). There were 19,893 housing units at an average density of 18 per square mile (7/km). The racial makeup of the county was 98.11% White, 0.60% Black or African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.61 % from two or more races. 0.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Residents of Tioga County were of 31.9% English, 23.1% German, 10.1% Irish, 6.0% Polish and 5.3% Italian ancestry. There were 15,925 households, out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, 8.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.70% were non-families. 24.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was  2.48 and the average family size was 2.93. In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.70% under the age of 18, 10.60% from 18 to 24, 25.40% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 16.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males. Politics and government. Tioga County is one of the most heavily Republican represented counties in Pennsylvania. This has a long history as Abraham Lincoln reportedly received  78.57% of the county's vote in the 1860 Presidential election. Since Abraham Lincoln the county has voted for the non-Republican presidential candidate only two times. The first was Theodore Roosevelt's 1912 run as a Progressive and the second was Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide in 1964. In 2004, George W. Bush received 12,019 votes (68%) to 5,437 votes (31%) for John Kerry. In 2008 John McCain received 62.7% of the vote. In 2006, Rick Santorum and Lynn Swann both had significant victories in Tioga County despite their defeats statewide. The last two sitting Board of Commissioners have  been all Republican candidates, and Tioga County is the only county in Pennsylvania with all three sitting commissioners being from a single party. This was due to the success of write in campaigns conducted by Roger Bunn in 2011 and Mark Hamilton in 2015. Education. Private schools. As reported by EdNA, Pennsylvania Department of Education, June 2010. Transportation. Public transportation is provided by BeST Transit. Recreation. There are three Pennsylvania state parks in Tioga County. Communities. Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in at most two cases, towns. The following boroughs and  townships are located in Tioga County: Census-designated places. Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well. Population ranking. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Tioga County. † "county seat"