German submarine U-185
German submarine "U-185" was a Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" built for service during World War II. Under the command of "Kapitänleutnant" August Maus, she had some success against Allied aircraft in World War II. Laid down on 1 July 1941 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser of Bremen as yard number 1025, she was launched on 2 March 1942 and commissioned on 13 June. She suffered no casualties until her sinking by US carrier-borne aircraft on 24 August 1943 at . Twenty-nine of the crew were lost, as well as fourteen survivors from  who were on board. Design. German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. "U-185" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts  and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . "U-185" was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight. Service history. First patrol. "U-185" sailed from Kiel on 27 October 1942 . On 7 December she sank the unescorted 5,476 GRT British cargo ship "Peter Mærsk" west of the Azores. She docked at Lorient in France on 1 January 1943 after 67 days at sea. Second patrol. "U-185" sailed from Lorient on 8 February 1943. On 10 March she attacked Convoy KG 123 in the Windward Passage (between Cuba and Hispaniola), sinking the 6,151 GRT American tanker "Virginia Sinclair" and the 7,177 GRT liberty ship "James Sprunt". On 6 April "U-185" attacked the four-ship convoy GTMO-83, and sank the 7,176 GRT liberty ship "John Sevier". She then sailed to Bordeaux on  3 May after 85 days at sea. Third patrol. On 14 June she was attacked in the Bay of Biscay by a British Whitley bomber of 10 OTU (Operational Training Unit) based at RAF St Eval in Cornwall. was sunk, but "U-185"s flak defenses damaged the aircraft, forcing it to ditch. On 7 July "U-185", off Cape San Roque, Brazil, attacked the convoy BT-18, sinking the liberty ships "James Robertson" and "Thomas Sinnickson", the 7,061 GRT tanker "William Boyce Thompson" also went to the bottom. She then badly damaged the 6,840 GRT tanker "S.B. Hunt". On 12 July, around 90  miles off Recife, Brazil, the U-boat was attacked by a B-24 Liberator bomber of US Navy Squadron VB-107, but sustained only minor damage. The boat sank the 8,235 GRT Brazilian cargo ship "Bagé", a straggler from convoy TJ-2, off the Rio Real, Brazil, on 1 August and on the sixth, she torpedoed and then sank with gunfire the unescorted 7,133 GRT British cargo ship "Fort Halkett" about southeast of Natal, Brazil. On 3 August " U-185" was attacked by a Ventura bomber of Squadron VB-107 with depth charges, wounding one man. Sinking. On the morning of 11 August 1943 "U-185  rendezvoused with the stricken , which had been badly damaged after two attacks by US aircraft and the destroyer , but which began to transfer provisions, fuel oil and spare parts to U-185". arrived later to assist, but the concentration of U-boats was detected by HF/DF; as a result, the surfaced boats were attacked by a United States Navy PBY-4 Liberator, of Squadron VB-107. "U-172" escaped, the crew of "U-185" opened fire with AA guns, shooting down the aircraft, killing the crew of three. After "U-604" was scuttled, "U-185" headed for home, with 100 men crammed aboard a U-boat  designed for 54. On 16 August she transferred 23 men to "U-172". Short of fuel, "U-185" was heading for a rendezvous with south-west of the Azores on the morning of 24 August. The U-boat was spotted by a Grumman TBF-1 Avenger and Grumman F4F Wildcat attack team of Squadron VC-13, flying from the escort carrier . The aircraft attacked with machine guns and depth charges, killing the U-boat's lookouts and AA crew and rupturing the pressure hull, allowing seawater to reach the battery cells and produce toxic chlorine gas. One diesel engine caught fire, producing more fumes , and all electrical systems were knocked out, plunging the vessel into darkness. Realizing that the situation was hopeless, Maus ordered all hands to abandon ship. More than 40 men managed to reach the deck and jump into the sea as "U-185" sank. Only 36 men were later rescued by the destroyer , the rest succumbing to wounds or chlorine poisoning. The 25 men from "U-185" and the nine survivors from "U-604" spent the following three years as POWs before returning to Germany. On 21 September 1943 "Kapitänleutnant" August Maus was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Wolfpacks. "U-185  took part in one wolfpack, namely: