Predestination (film)
Predestination is a 2014 Australian science fiction action thriller film written and directed by Michael and Peter Spierig. The film stars Ethan Hawke, Sarah Snook, and Noah Taylor, and is based on the 1959 short story " '—All You Zombies—' " by Robert A. Heinlein. Plot. As a time-travelling agent is trying to disarm a bomb, he is confronted by a person who tries to stop him and a gunfight ensues. Despite this, the agent manages to reach the bomb again, but it explodes and burns his face. Someone approaches and helps him to grasp his time-travelling device , which transports him to a hospital in 1992. While the agent is recovering from facial reconstruction and symptoms of psychosis, it is revealed that he has been trying to prevent the attack of the so-called "Fizzle Bomber" in New York in 1975. After his recovery, he receives his last assignment. The agent moves to 1970 New York. As a bartender, he starts a conversation with one of his customers. The customer writes true confession articles under the pen name "The Unmarried Mother." This pseudonym is explained by his own life story, which he tells the agent. Born female, the  customer grew up as "Jane" in a Cleveland orphanage. She excelled in her studies but had difficulty fitting in. Jane decided any children she had would be raised in a proper family and thus avoided relationships. As an adult she applied for a program called "Space Corp", which promised women the chance to go to space while providing astronauts with intimate R&R, but she was later disqualified because of a medical condition which had never before been revealed to her but which greatly interested a man named Robertson. In 1963, Jane bumped into a man who said he was waiting  for someone. The two eventually fell in love, but one day the man disappeared. In time, Robertson approached Jane, revealing that Space Corp was really a part of the Temporal Agency, which now wanted to recruit her. They broke off contact when it was discovered that Jane was pregnant with her ex-lover's baby. While performing a Caesarean section, doctors discovered Jane was intersex, possessing internal male and female sex organs. Complications during the birth forced them to remove her female sex organs; she then underwent a gender reassignment and began living as a man. Furthermore, her baby was  stolen by a mysterious man. Ever since then Jane, who now goes by John, has been living a bitter life, writing fiction as "The Unmarried Mother." The agent offers to take John back in time to the day that Jane met the man who would later become her lover and leave her, so that John can take revenge and kill the man for ruining his (Jane's) life. In return, John will take over the agent's job for whatever duration he wishes. The agent reveals his time-travel device and the two jump to that day in 1963 Cleveland . John intends to kill his past lover prior to the moment when the lover first meets Jane. While waiting, John encounters Jane, and as they begin talking, John realizes that he is the man who later becomes Jane's lover. The baby born from this "self-fertilization" is stolen by the agent, who uses his time machine to take the baby to 1945, leaving the child at the orphanage where Jane was raised. Therefore, Jane, John, and their baby are the same person, a predestination paradox. The agent goes to 1975 New York, where he helps his burned self from  the beginning of the film. The agent returns to 1963, a few months after he dropped John off. He convinces John to leave Jane behind, and he uses his time machine to take them both to the Temporal Agency in 1985. John takes over the agent's job so the agent can retire in 1975 New York, close to the day of the Fizzle Bomber's attack. Upon entering this time period, the agent discovers that the time-travel device does not decommission itself as planned and can still be used. Following orders, he goes to a laundromat at the  moment the Fizzle Bomber will be there. The Fizzle Bomber turns out to be the agent's own future self, now suffering from psychosis as a result of continued time travel. The Fizzle Bomber insists that his actions have saved and will save more lives than have been lost because he bombed places before potential mass murderers could use them, and that they ultimately lead to the reinforcement of the Temporal Agency. He tries to convince the agent that the only way to end the cycle is for the agent to spare his life. The agent denies he will ever  become the Fizzle Bomber and kills his future self. As the agent stares at the time-travel device, it is revealed that John is the man who traveled to 1975 New York and was burned while disarming a bomb. His subsequent facial reconstruction in 1992 significantly changes his appearance, and it is now clear that Jane, John, the agent, and the Fizzle Bomber are all the same person. This agent's creation was ultimately orchestrated by Robertson to create an agent who has no ties to time. This temporal agent was responsible for both his own conception and death; he  has driven the predestination paradox to its limit. The agent wonders if he can ever escape this loop. Production. Development. The film is based on the 1959 short story ""—All You Zombies—"" by Robert A. Heinlein. At one point in an internal monologue in the film, the narrator quotes the story title. On 14 May 2012, the Spierig brothers—who had already written a screenplay—were announced as the directors of "Predestination". Peter Spierig explained in August 2014 that they remained close to Robert A. Heinlein's 1959 short story. They did not try to take apart the logic of  the more than 50-year-old narrative: "... so we [Spierig brothers] worked on the [premise] that if there was a way to pick apart the logic, over that time it would have been done by now. We kind of say, 'let's trust the short story and trust that logic', so we stuck very closely to it." Hawke was selected for the lead role, while Wolfhound Pictures and Blacklab Entertainment collaborated to produce the film. Hawke explained in November 2014 that he is a longtime fan of the science fiction genre, but prefers its human elements, rather than special effects : Whether it's Robert Heinlein, Kurt Vonnegut, Philip K. Dick, H. G. Wells or whoever ... that kind of mind-bendy science-fiction where you can really attack themes in a new way. And when I read "Predestination" it was like: "What the f*** did I just read?!" Distribution. Arclight Films had bought the international rights to the film, and on 18 May 2012, Tiberius Film attained the German rights to the film from Arclight. On 23 May 2012, Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions acquired the American and some international rights to the film. Financing. On 5 September 2012, Screen Australia announced  that it would finance the film as part of a A$4.8 million (US$3.6 million) investment in three feature films. Casting. On 28 February 2013, Snook signed on to star in one of the film's lead roles, followed by Taylor, who joined the cast of the film on 13 May 2013. Also in 2013, Pinnacle Films secured the Australian and New Zealand distribution rights to the film. Filming. On 19 February 2013, pre-production was scheduled to begin on 25 February 2013, while shooting was scheduled to begin on 8 April 2013 in Melbourne, for a duration of  six weeks. By 13 May 2013, filming was underway. Filming predominantly took place at the Docklands Studios Melbourne facility, located approximately from the city of Melbourne's Central Business District (CBD). Some scenes were shot at the Abbotsford Convent, located in the inner-city Melbourne suburb of Abbotsford, the foyer of 333 Collins Street, the University of Melbourne old quad, and at the RMIT Design Hub. In regard to Snook, the Spierig brothers explained to the media that they always seek to cast a lesser-known actor in their films. Michael Spierig later compared Snook's acting ability to that  of fellow Australian actress Cate Blanchett. They also said that they prefer to film in Australia, with its rebates and incentives, but will film in any geographical location. Release. "Predestination"s global premiere was held on 8 March 2014 at the SXSW Film Festival in Austin, Texas, US. The film was then selected for the opening night gala of the Melbourne International Film Festival (MIFF), held at the Hamer Hall venue on 31 July 2014 in Melbourne, Australia. The MIFF promotional material described "Predestination" as a "distinctive blend of sci-fi, noir and crime fiction with a Bukowskian streak." The Sydney  premiere of the film, which also featured a live Q&A session with the directors, occurred on 6 August 2014 at the Palace Verona cinema. The film went on general release in the United Kingdom on 13 February 2015. Following the release of two trailers, and a seven-minute excerpt that was published on 3 December 2014, "Predestination" premiered on 9 January 2015 in the United States. Critical response. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film had a score of 84% based on 111 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9 out of 10. The site's critical consensus stated: "Fun  genre fare with uncommon intelligence, "Predestination" serves as a better-than-average sci-fi adventure—and offers a starmaking turn from Sarah Snook." The film also has a score of 69 out of 100 on Metacritic based on reviews from 28 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". "Variety" magazine's review of the film called it an "entrancingly strange time-travel saga" that "succeeds in teasing the brain and touching the heart even when its twists and turns keep multiplying well past the point of narrative sustainability." In anticipation of the MIFF opening night's screening, the "Sydney Morning Herald"'s  National Film Editor Karl Quinn called Snook's performance a "career-making role". In terms of the plot, Quinn states that it is "intriguing" even though it could "unravel at the slightest tug on a thread of loose logic." The lead character was variously described as transgender or intersex in different media articles. Hawke told "The Guardian" that transgender issues are not the focal point of the film, but rather that the narrative is relevant to all people: "There's something about "Predestination" that actually does get at identity, for me".