Shanhai Yudi Quantu
The Shanhai Yudi Quantu (, "Complete Terrestrial Map") is a Ming dynasty Chinese map published in 1609 in the "leishu" encyclopedia "Sancai Tuhui". Influences. The Shanhai Yudi Quantu is known to have been highly influenced by the Jesuit missions in China, starting with the work of Matteo Ricci. Matteo Ricci himself had two of his own maps entitled "Shanhai Yudi Quantu": one engraved by Wu Zhongming (, "Wú Zhōngmíng") and dated 1600 and another engraved by Guo Zizhang (, "Gūo Zĭzhāng") and dated 1604. Description. Asia. The Asian continent is marked phonetically 亞細亞 ( "Yàxìyà", "Aseja"). This is the area of  the map where most information can be found, and has been subdivided here by regions: East Asia. Numerous areas and islands are named in this part of the world: The seas beside East Asia are the South China Sea (, "Great Ming Sea") and the "Lesser Eastern Ocean" (, "Xiǎo Dōng Yáng"). To the north is the "Ice Sea" (, "Bīng Hǎi"). South Asia. Two seas are shown: the Bay of Bengal (, "Pánggélà Hǎi") and "Lesser Western Ocean" (, "Xiǎo Xī Yáng"). Java is shown in two pieces Major (, "Dà Zhǎowā") and Minor (, "Xiǎo Zhǎowā") far into the "Southwest" () and "Southern" () Seas near the  Antarctic. Europe. Europe is marked phonetically as ( "Ōuluóbā", "Oulapa"). Europe is surrounded by the "Greater Western Ocean" (, "Dà Xī Yáng", a body of water formerly located east of Rome and conflated with the Indian Ocean but now appropriately placed in the Atlantic), the Mediterranean (, "Dìzhōng Hǎi"), and the Black Sea (, "Tài Hǎi", "Great Sea"). North America. North America is marked as "" ( "Běi Yàmèilìjiā", "Pok Amoklika"). The only location is marked phonetically and is unknown: Another two unknown locations are on an island to America's northeast, possibly the inhabited southwest coast of Greenland: The Gulf of California is marked as  the "Eastern Red Sea" (, "Dōng Hóng Hǎi") and the "Ice Sea" continues across the north. South America. South America is marked as "" ( "Nán Yàmèilìjiā", "Nom Amoklika"). Surrounding it are the Atlantic Ocean (marked as "Oceano" , "Hézhéyànuò Cāng") to the northeast, the "Sea of Peru" (, "Bólù Hǎi") to the west, and the "Greater Eastern Ocean" (, "Dà Dōng Yáng"). Libya. Following classical geography, the continent of Africa is marked phonetically as "Libya" (, "Lìwèiyà"). Africa is surrounded by several seas. From the north, clockwise: the Mediterranean; the "Lesser Western Ocean" (, "Xiǎo Xī Yáng") in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea; the Red Sea , called the "Western Red Sea" (, "Xī Hóng Hǎi") to distinguish it from the Gulf of California); the western Indian Ocean, called the "Arabian Sea" (, "Yàlàpí Hǎi", "Alapbie Hoy"); the Gulf of Guinea, called the "Libyan Sea" (, "Lìwèiyà Hǎi"); and the Atlantic Ocean (again marked as "Oceano" , "Hézhéyànuò Cāng"). Magallania. The still-uncertain Terra Australis today Australia, Antarctica, New Zealand, and other islands is marked phonetically as ( "Mèiwǎlàníjiā", "Mokngwalapneka"). This transliterates the name "Magallanica", a name given to the prospective continent at the time in honor of Ferdinand Magellan, who had crossed past Tierra del Fuego and shown the southern continent  (hypothesized since Ptolemy) to be separate from South America. The map notes how little is known about this continent "Few have reached these southern regions. Things are not explored yet" () but also includes more placenames in it than in Africa, America, or Europe: Legacy. A large number of maps were derived from the "Shanhai Yudi Quantu", many of them today in Korean or Japanese archives, but their history is generally difficult to reconstruct.