R. Kelly
Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and convicted sex offender. He has been credited with helping to redefine R&B and hip hop, earning nicknames such as "the King of R&B", "the King of Pop-Soul", and the "Pied Piper of R&B". Kelly is known for songs including "I Believe I Can Fly", "Bump N' Grind", "Your Body's Callin', "Gotham City", "Ignition (Remix)", "If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time", "The World's Greatest", "I'm a Flirt (Remix)", and the hip hopera "Trapped in the Closet". In  1998, Kelly won three Grammy Awards for "I Believe I Can Fly". Although Kelly is primarily a singer and songwriter, he has written, produced, and remixed songs, singles, and albums for other artists. In 1996, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for writing Michael Jackson's song "You Are Not Alone". Kelly has sold over 75 million records worldwide, making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s and one of the world's best-selling music artists. In 2010, "Billboard" magazine considered Kelly the most successful R&B artist in history and listed him as the Top  R&B/Hip Hop Artist for the time period between 1985 and 2010. In 2012, he was listed as the 55th best-selling music artist in the United States, with over 32 million album sales. Since the 1990s, Kelly has been repeatedly accused of sexual abuse, often with underage girls. He has faced multiple civil suits and has been charged by criminal courts in Chicago, New York, Illinois, and Minnesota. He repeatedly denied the charges. In June 2002, he was indicted on 21 counts of making child pornography. He was acquitted six years later in 2008. In January 2019, a widely  viewed Lifetime docuseries titled "Surviving R. Kelly" detailed allegations of sexual abuse by multiple women, allegations that Kelly continued to deny. Facing pressure from the public using the Mute R. Kelly hashtag, RCA Records dropped Kelly. In 2019, Kelly was indicted by a Cook County grand jury in Chicago on 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse in February, followed by an additional 11 counts of sexual assault and abuse filed by the same court in May. On July 11, 2019, he was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes, human trafficking, child pornography, racketeering, and obstruction of justice. Kelly  faced a total of 22 federal criminal charges as of January 29, 2021. A federal judge ordered Kelly jailed pending trial on the charges. On September 27, 2021, a federal jury in New York found Kelly guilty on nine counts including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act. The judge ordered that he remain in custody pending sentencing, set for May 4, 2022. Kelly faces a second trial for producing child pornography set for August 2022. Early life. Robert Sylvester Kelly was born at Chicago Lying-in Hospital in the  Hyde Park neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, on January 8, 1967. He has three half-siblings, an older sister and brother, along with a younger brother. His mother, Joanne Kelly, was a schoolteacher and devout Baptist. She was born in Arkansas. The identity of his father, who was absent from Kelly's life, is not known. His family lived in the Ida B. Wells Homes public housing project in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood. Around the time he was five years old, Kelly's mother married his stepfather, Lucious, who reportedly worked for an airline. Kelly began singing  in the church choir at age eight. Kelly described having a girlfriend, Lulu, at age eight, in his autobiography. He stated that their last play date turned tragic when, after fighting with older children over a play area by a creek, she was pushed into the water, swept downstream by a fast-moving current, and drowned. Kelly called Lulu his first musical inspiration. Kelly said members of his household would act differently when his mother and grandparents were not home. From age eight to 14, he was sexually abused by an older female family member. Kelly's younger brother Carey  stated that he suffered from years of sexual abuse at the hands of his older sister, Theresa, who was entrusted with babysitting her siblings. Carey stated that although their older brother was spared and allowed to play outside, both he and Kelly were punished at separate times indoors by Theresa, who refused to acknowledge the abuse when confronted years later. Explaining why he never told anyone, Kelly wrote in his 2012 autobiography "Soulacoaster" that he was "too afraid and too ashamed". Around age 10, Kelly was also sexually abused by an older male who was a friend of the family . In his autobiography, Kelly described being shot in the shoulder, at age 11, by boys who were attempting to steal his bike, although a family friend later stated that Kelly had shot himself while attempting suicide. In September 1980, Kelly entered Kenwood Academy in Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood, where he met music teacher Lena McLin, who encouraged Kelly to perform the Stevie Wonder classic "Ribbon in the Sky" in the high school talent show. A shy Kelly put on sunglasses, was escorted onto the stage, sang the song and won first prize. McLin encouraged Kelly to leave the high  school basketball team and concentrate on music. She said he was furious at first, but after his performance in the talent show, he changed his mind. Kelly was diagnosed with dyslexia, which left him unable to read or write. Kelly dropped out of high school after attending Kenwood Academy for one year. He began performing in the subway under the Chicago "L" tracks. He regularly busked at the "L" stop on the Red Line's Jackson station in the Loop. In his youth, Kelly played basketball with Illinois state champion basketball player Ben Wilson and later sang "It's So  Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday" at Wilson's funeral. Career. 1990–1996: "Born into the 90's", "12 Play" and "R. Kelly". MGM (Musically Gifted Men or Mentally Gifted Men) was formed in 1989 with Robert Kelly, Marc McWilliams, Vincent Walker and Shawn Brooks. In 1990, MGM recorded and released one single, "Why You Wanna Play Me"; after its release, the group disbanded. Kelly gained national recognition in 1989 when MGM participated on the talent TV show "Big Break", hosted by Natalie Cole. After MGM performed "All My Love", which would become a demo for Kelly's song "She's  Got That Vibe" the group went on to win the $100,000 grand prize. In 1991, Kelly signed with Jive Records. Kelly's debut album "Born into the 90's" was released in early 1992 (credited as R. Kelly and Public Announcement). The album, released during the new jack swing period of the early 1990s, yielded the R&B hits "She's Got That Vibe", "Honey Love", "Dedicated", and "Slow Dance (Hey Mr. DJ)", with Kelly singing lead vocals. During late 1992, Kelly and Public Announcement embarked on a tour entitled "60653" after the zip code of their Chicago neighborhood. This  would be the only album co-credited with Public Announcement. Kelly separated from the group in January 1993. Kelly's first solo album, "12 Play", was released on November 9, 1993, and yielded the singer's first number-one hit, "Bump N' Grind", which spent a record-breaking 12 weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart. Subsequent hit singles: "Your Body's Callin'" (U.S. Hot 100: #13, U.S. R&B: #2) and "Sex Me" (U.S. Hot 100: #20, U.S. R&B: #8). Both singles sold 500,000 copies in the United States and were certified Gold by the RIAA . In 1994, "12 Play" was certified Gold by the RIAA, eventually going six times platinum. In 1995, Kelly garnered his first Grammy nominations; two for writing, producing and composing Michael Jackson's last number one hit "You Are Not Alone". Kelly's success continued with the November 14, 1995 release of "R. Kelly", his eponymous second studio album. Critics praised him for his departure from salacious bedroom songs to embracing vulnerability. "New York Times" contributor Stephen Holden described Kelly as "The reigning king of pop-soul sex talks a lot tougher than Barry White, the father of such fluffed-up  pillow talk and along with Marvin Gaye and Donny Hathaway, [both] major influences for Kelly." Also in December 1995, Professor Michael Eric Dyson critiqued Kelly's self-titled album "R. Kelly" for "VIBE". Dyson described Kelly's growth from the "12 Play" album: "Kelly reshapes his personal turmoil to artistic benefit" and noted that Kelly is "reborn before our very own ears." The album reached number one on the "Billboard" 200 chart, becoming Kelly's first number one album on the chart, and reached number one on the R&B album charts; his second. The "R. Kelly" album spawned three platinum  hit singles: "You Remind Me of Something" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1), "I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)" (U.S. Hot 100: #5, U.S. R&B: #1), and "Down Low (Nobody Has To Know)" (U.S. Hot 100: #4, U.S. R&B: #1); a duet with Ronald Isley. Kelly's self-titled album sold four million copies, receiving 4× platinum certification from the RIAA. He promoted the album with a 50-city "Down Low Top Secret Tour" with LL Cool J, Xscape, and Solo. On November 26, 1996, Kelly released "I Believe I Can Fly", an inspirational song originally released on  the soundtrack for the film "Space Jam". "I Believe I Can Fly" reached No. 2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and No. 1 on the UK charts for three weeks and won three Grammy Awards in 1998. In that same year, he contributed Freak Tonight for the "A Thin Line Between Love and Hate" soundtrack. 1997–2001: Basketball, "R.", "TP-2.COM," and Rockland Records. In 1997, Kelly signed a contract to play professional basketball with the Atlantic City Seagulls of the USBL. He wore the number 12 in honor of his album "12 Play". Kelly said "I love basketball enough to not  totally let go of my music, but just put it to the side for a minute and fulfill some dreams of mine that I've had for a long time." Kelly's USBL contract contained a clause that would allow him to fulfill a music obligation when necessary. "If Whitney Houston needs a song written", said Ken Gross, the Seagulls owner who signed Kelly, "he would be able to leave the team to do that and come back". "It wasn't a gimmick", Gross continued, "he's a ballplayer. He can play." Kelly is the first music artist to play  professional basketball. In 1998, Kelly wrote and produced the debut album of another protégé Sparkle, which was released under his Rockland label and distributed through Interscope. In 2000, "Sparkle" went platinum due in part to the success of the first single, "Be Careful", a duet with Kelly. On November 17, 1998, Kelly released his fourth studio and first double album, "R." Musically, the album spans different genres from pop (Celine Dion), street rap (Nas and Jay-Z) to Blues ("Suicide"). Dave Hoekstra of the "Los Angeles Times" described the album as "easily the most ambitious project of his career." As  the year 2000 commenced, Kelly racked up a slew of new awards reflecting his status as an established R&B superstar. In January 2000, he had won Favorite Male Soul/R&B Artist at the American Music Awards and, in February, was nominated for several Grammy Awards, including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance ("When a Woman's Fed Up"), Best R&B Album ("R."), and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group ("Satisfy You") with P. Diddy. On November 7, 2000, Kelly released his fifth studio album, "TP-2.com", a project aligned with his breakthrough album, "12 Play". Unlike "R.", all songs on  TP-2.com were written, arranged, and produced by Kelly. AllMusic's Jason Birchmeier gave "TP-2.com" 4 stars and stated: "Kelly knows how to take proven formulas and funnel them through his own stylistic aesthetic, which usually means slowing down the tempo, laying on lush choruses of strings and background vocals, taming down the lyrics for radio, and catering his pitch primarily to wistful women. In 2001, Kelly won the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Music of Black Origin or MOBO Awards and "Billboard" magazine ranked "TP-2.com" number 94 on the magazine's Top 200 Albums of the Decade. Kelly's song  The World's Greatest, from the soundtrack to the 2001 Ali film, was a hit. Rockland Records. In 1998 Kelly launched his own label, the Interscope Records-distributed Rockland Records. The label's roster included artists Sparkle, Boo & Gotti, Talent, Vegas Cats, Lady, Frankie, Secret Weapon, and Rebecca F. That same year, the label's first artist, Sparkle released her debut self-titled album, "Sparkle". In addition to producing and writing the project, Kelly made vocal contribution to the hit duet "Be Careful", which contributed largely to the album's success. The album was certified platinum in December 2000. In  1999, he wrote and produced the soundtrack to the Martin Lawrence and Eddie Murphy movie "Life", which features tracks from K-Ci & JoJo, Maxwell, Mýa, and Destiny's Child. The soundtrack was released on the Rockland label. 2002–2003: "The Best of Both Worlds" and "Chocolate Factory". On January 24, 2002, at a press conference announcing "The Best of Both Worlds" completion, celebrities such as Johnnie Cochran, Russell Simmons, Luther Vandross, and Sean Combs praised the album, with Jay-Z stating that he hoped the collaboration represents "more unity for black people on a whole." MTV's Shaheem Reid wrote: "And  if Jay and Kelly can put their egos to the side long enough to wrap up and promote their album, then their labels—Def Jam and Jive, respectively—can surely figure out a way to join forces and make cheddar together." On February 8, 2002, Kelly performed at the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics at the same time a news scandal broke of a sex tape that appeared to show Kelly with an underage girl. When the joint album leaked on February 22, 2002, it caused the label, Roc-A-Fella, to modify the album's release date  in March. Jay-Z expressed frustration about the album leak to MTV News: "It's the gift and the curse. It's an honor that everybody wants your music fast, but on the other hand, it's another thing when the music gets out before you [want it to]. Because that's your art. You feel attached to it. You feel a certain way and you want people to go out and support it. The time that you take, it's like a piece of your life. You take parts of your life and you put it on these records  and then for it to just be traded and moved around [is frustrating]. "The Best of Both Worlds" album sold 285,000 copies in its opening week and debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200. It was a critical and commercial disappointment. In May 2002, Kelly's initial sixth studio album, "Loveland", leaked and was delayed to release in November. Eventually, a second thought caused Kelly to restructure the entirety of the album, including its title; "Loveland" would later be packaged as a deluxe edition bonus disc of the now-renamed "Chocolate Factory". In October of that year, Kelly released  the remix to its single, "Ignition". It had since charted at number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100. On February 18, 2003, the album, "Chocolate Factory" was released to highly critical fanfare. It debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200, ending the first two-week run of rapper 50 Cent's "Get Rich or Die Tryin'". It sold 532,000 copies in its first week. The album was also supported by its follow-up singles, "Snake" and the remix of "Step in the Name of Love"; the latter of which peaked at number nine on the Hot 100. Later that  year, in September, Kelly released his first greatest hits album, "The R. in R&B Collection, Vol. 1", including three unreleased songs; one of which being "Thoia Thoing". 2004–2005: "Unfinished Business, Happy People/U Saved Me" and "TP.3 Reloaded". Between mid-2003 and early 2004, Kelly began work on another double CD album, one with "happy" tracks and another with "inspirational" tracks. The double album, "Happy People/U Saved Me", was released on August 24, 2004. It debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200, with first week sales of 264,000 copies. Both of the album's titled tracks respectively performed underwhelmingly ; "Happy People" charted at number twenty-nine on the Adult R&B song chart while "U Saved Me" peaked at number fifty-two on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Two months later, Kelly and Jay-Z reunited to release their second collaborative album, "Unfinished Business". The album received criticism and like its predecessor, was also a commercial failure, despite debuting at number one on the "Billboard" 200. The promotion of the album and its "Best of Both Worlds" tour were both plagued by tension between the stars, with Kelly reportedly showing up late or not at all to gigs. Kelly complained that  the touring lights were not directed towards him and allegedly assaulted the tour's lighting director. Jay-Z eventually removed Kelly halfway through the tour, after a member of Jay-Z's entourage pepper sprayed Kelly on October 29, 2004. Tyran (Ty-Ty) Smith was charged with assault, but took a plea deal for disorderly conduct. Kelly redeemed himself commercially after appearing on Ja Rule's single, "Wonderful" alongside Ashanti. The song charted at number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100, topped the UK Singles Chart and went platinum in the summer of 2005. After finishing "Happy People/U Saved  Me" and "Unfinished Business" in 2004, Kelly released "TP.3 Reloaded" in July 2005. It became Kelly's fifth consecutive number-one album in his career. "TP.3 Reloaded" was heavily cross-promoted by the first five chapters of the hip-hopera, "Trapped in the Closet", which would later expand to other chapters for years to come. 2006–2009: "Double Up" and "Untitled", Africa. In December 2006, Kelly built momentum for his eighth solo studio album, "Double Up", after guest-appearing on Bow Wow's "I'm a Flirt". Three months later, Kelly's remix of "I'm a Flirt" was released, but  instead of Bow Wow, it features T.I. and T-Pain. On May 29, 2007, the album was released. It became Kelly's sixth and final album in his career to be number one on the "Billboard" 200. Kelly's other singles from "Double Up" titled "Same Girl" was a duet of Kelly and Usher, while "Rise Up" was a tribute to the victims of the Virginia Tech shooting that occurred earlier that year in April, a month before the album was released. The song was previously released as a digital download on May 15, 2007. Proceeds were donated to the  Hokie Spirit Memorial Fund to help family members of the victims of the shootings. Kelly began his "Double Up" tour with Ne-Yo, Keyshia Cole and J. Holiday opening for him. After two shows, promoter Leonard Rowe had Ne-Yo removed from the tour because of a contract dispute. However, Ne-Yo alleges that the reason for the dropout was because Ne-Yo believes he received a better response from critics and fans, even though he performed at just two shows. Ne-Yo filed a lawsuit against Rowe Entertainment. Kelly was not mentioned in the lawsuit. In December 2007, Kelly  failed to appear at another preliminary court hearing on his case due to his tour bus being held up in Utah. The judge threatened to revoke Kelly's bond, but eventually decided against it. In 2008, Kelly released a rap track titled "I'm a Beast" in which he coarsely attacked his detractors, yet did not name the subjects of the song. In 2008, before and after being acquitted on child pornography charges, "Billboard" reported that Kelly had plans to release his newest album titled "12 Play: Fourth Quarter" in the summer of that year but the album was postponed . "Billboard" named Kelly among the most successful artists ever for its 50th Anniversary List. In the spring, the promotional single "Hair Braider", peaked at No. 56 on "Billboard"'s R&B chart. On July 28, the entire album leaked online, causing the title to be scrapped. In February 2009, Kelly announced that he was working on a new album called "Untitled" with a projected release date of September 29, but it had been delayed to December. In June 2009, he released his first mixtape, "The "Demo" Tape," presented by DJ Skee and DJ Drama. Kelly headlined the Arise African Fashion Awards  in Johannesburg, South Africa, on June 20, 2009. He performed in Cape Town, followed by Nigeria as part of the annual ThisDay music and fashion festival in July. That same month, he released "Number One", featuring singer-songwriter Keri Hilson. Then, on December 1, Kelly's untitled ninth solo album was released. It charted on the "Billboard" 200 at number four. More singles from the album include "Echo", "Supaman High" and "Be My #2". In January 2010, Kelly performed in Kampala, Uganda. "I'm very excited about my first visit to Africa, I've dreamed about this for a long  time and it's finally here", Kelly said in a statement. "It will be one of the highlights of not only my career but my life. I can't wait to perform in front of my fans in Africa—who have been some of the best in the world." 2010–2012: "Epic", "Love Letter", throat surgery, and "Write Me Back". Kelly performed at the 2010 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony on June 11, 2010. In an interview in the September 2010 issue of "XXL" magazine, Kelly said he was working on three new albums ("Epic", "Love Letter", and "Zodiac") which he  described as "remixing himself". "Epic", a compilation filled with powerful ballads including "The World's Greatest" and "Sign of a Victory", only saw a European release on September 21, 2010. However, it is also available for streaming worldwide. In November 2010, Kelly collaborated with several African musicians forming a supergroup known as One8. The group featured 2Face from Nigeria, Ali Kiba from Tanzania, Congolese singer Fally Ipupa, 4X4 from Ghana, hip-hop artist Movaizhaleine from Gabon, Zambia's JK, Ugandan hip-hop star Navio and Kenya's Amani, the only female in the group. The first release from the group  was "Hands Across the World" written and produced by Kelly. Kelly's tenth album "Love Letter", released on December 14, 2010, included 15 songs, one of which was Kelly singing "You Are Not Alone", a track Kelly originally wrote for Michael Jackson. The first single "When a Woman Loves" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards. At the 2011 Pre-Grammy Gala in Los Angeles, Kelly performed a medley of hits and in March 2011, Kelly was named the #1 R&B artist of the last 25 years by "Billboard". On  July 19, 2011, Kelly was admitted to the Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago to undergo emergency throat surgery to drain an abscess on one of his tonsils, and was released on July 21, 2011. He cancelled his performance at the Reggae Sumfest in Jamaica that was scheduled for the following Friday. Johnny Gourzong, Sumfest Productions executive director, commented, "We are truly going to miss his presence on the festival." On September 23, 2011, "Variety" confirmed that Kelly had signed on to write original music for the "Sparkle" soundtrack. In 2011, Kelly worked with writer David Ritz on an autobiography entitled  Soulacoaster: The Diary of Me, which was later released in the summer of 2012. On October 7, 2011, after Sony's RCA Music Group announced the consolidation of Jive, Arista and J Records into RCA Records, Kelly was set to release music under the RCA brand. Following his throat surgery, Kelly released "Shut Up" to generally favorable reviews: "Spin" magazine said, "Kelly taking aim at the haters who said "he's washed up, he's lost it." He hasn't. Dude's voice is in prime smooth R&B form". On December 21, 2011, Kelly made a live appearance on "The  X Factor" and gave his first performance after the surgery. Kelly revealed to "Rolling Stone" that he felt like he was "just starting out" and how the performance was a "wake up call" for him. In 2012, Kelly made a series of announcements including a follow-up to the "Love Letter" album titled "Write Me Back", which was released on June 26 to little fanfare, as well as a third installment of the "Trapped in the Closet" and The Single Ladies Tour featuring R&B singer, Tamia. In February 2012, Kelly performed "I Look to You", a song he wrote for  Whitney Houston, at Houston's homegoing. 2013–2016: "Black Panties", "The Buffet", and "12 Nights of Christmas". During 2013, Kelly continued his "The Single Ladies Tour". He performed at music festivals across North America, including Bonnaroo, Pitchfork, and Macy's Music Festival. On June 30, 2013, R. Kelly performed live at BET Awards Show singing hits as well as his new track "My Story" featuring Atlanta rapper 2 Chainz. The song was the lead single for Kelly's twelfth studio album "Black Panties". released on December 10, 2013. Writing for "New York" magazine, David Marchese stated that Black Panties "was like  a dare to the world: After all that he'd been accused of, after avoiding conviction, could R. Kelly still get away with making sex-obsessed music?" In 2013, Kelly collaborated with several artists including Celine Dion, Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige, and Jennifer Hudson. In an interview with "Global Grind" in November, he described follow up work with Celine Dion after their number one single "I'm Your Angel" from 1998. Kelly worked with singer Mariah Carey for her album "The Art of Letting Go". Kelly co-wrote and sang on Lady Gaga's song "Do What U Want  from her 2013 album Artpop", performing the duet with her on "Saturday Night Live" on November 16, 2013, and at the 2013 American Music Awards. "Do What U Want" had since been removed from streaming services and re-releases of Gaga's "Artpop" album following sexual misconduct allegations against Kelly in early 2019. He also collaborated with Birdman and Lil Wayne on "We Been On", a single from the Cash Money Records compilation, "Rich Gang". He also appeared on Twista's first single on his new album "Dark Horse". On November 17, 2013, Kelly and Justin Bieber debuted a collaboration  entitled "PYD". Kelly was featured on the soundtrack album of the film "The Best Man Holiday" with his song "Christmas, I'll Be Steppin'". Kelly stated his intention to tour with R&B singer Mary J. Blige on "The King & Queen Tour" prior to the Black Panties Tour while continuing to create segments of the hip hopera "Trapped in the Closet". In July 2014, Kelly announced that he was working on a house music album. In November 2015, Kelly released "Switch Up" featuring fellow Chicagoan Jeremih and Lil Wayne, followed by "Wake Up Everybody", "Marching Band" and "Backyard Party". The following  month, the album containing those singles, "The Buffet", was released. It charted poorly on the "Billboard" 200 at number sixteen with first-week sales of 39,000 album-equivalent copies. The following year, after a two-and-a-half-year delay, Kelly presented his only Christmas album, also his fourteenth and final studio album in his career, "12 Nights of Christmas", which was released on October 21, 2016. In 2019, Kelly was dropped from RCA Records following the airing of "Surviving R. Kelly", which detailed numerous sexual assault allegations against the singer for decades. As of October 2021, following his New  York conviction, Kelly's YouTube channel was terminated, but his catalogue remains available on YouTube Music. Artistry. Musical style and influences. Kelly's music took root in R&B, hip hop and soul. He was influenced by listening to his mother, Joanne Kelly, sing. She played records by Donny Hathaway and Marvin Gaye, inspirations for Kelly. In reference to Hathaway, Kelly stated: "A guy like Donny Hathaway had a focused, sexual texture in his voice that I always wanted in mine. He had smooth, soulful tones, but he was spiritual at the same time." In his autobiography, Kelly stated that he  was heavily influenced by Marvin Gaye's R&B Lothario image. "I had to make a 'baby-makin' album. If Marvin Gaye did it, I wanted to do it", Kelly said. While Kelly created a smooth, professional mixture of hip-hop beats, soulman crooning and funk, the most distinctive element of his music is its explicit sensuality. "Sex Me", "Bump n' Grind", "Your Body's Callin'", and "Feelin' on Yo Booty" are considered to be examples, as their productions were seductive enough to sell such blatant come-ons. Kelly's crossover appeal was also sustained by his development of a flair  for pop balladry. Vocal style and lyrical themes. Writing for the "New York Daily News" in 1997, Nunyo Demasio stated "With a voice that easily shifts from booming baritone to seductive alto, Kelly has gained international celebrity by combining streetwise rhythms with sexually explicit lyrics." Love and sex are the topics of the majority of Kelly's lyrical content, although he has written about a wide variety of themes such as inspiration and spirituality. "Chicago Sun-Times" reporters Jim DeRogatis and Abdon Pallasch observed about the contrasting themes: "... the image he liked to project was that of the "R&B Thug ... bringing the streetwise persona of the gangsta rapper into the more polite world of R&B. Kelly expressed that he writes from everyday experiences and prides himself on being versatile. Larry Khan, senior vice president of Jive's urban marketing and promotion, said that Kelly's musical compass is second to none. DeRogatis and Pallasch reported that at concerts where Kelly would go from singing "Like a Real Freak" to "I Wish": "Many fans found these abrupt shifts between the transcendent and the venal, the inspirational and the X-rated jarring." Sexual abuse allegations. Kelly has repeatedly faced allegations of sexual  abuse that have resulted in multiple civil suits and criminal trials. Early reports of sexual abuse (1990s). In December 2000, the "Chicago Sun-Times" first reported that police had made two investigations that Kelly was having sex with an underage female but had to drop the investigations due to lack of cooperation by the girls accusing him. A civil suit filed in 1996 by Tiffany Hawkins detailed allegations that, starting in 1991 when she was age 15, Kelly had sex with her as an underage high school student, encouraged her to recruit her school friends, and pressured her into engaging  in group sex with other underage girls. In 1998, Kelly settled the lawsuit with Hawkins for $250,000. Illegal marriage (1994). Kelly had been introduced to a promising young singer from Detroit named Aaliyah by her uncle, Barry Hankerson, when she was 12 years old. During Kelly's 2021 criminal trial for sex trafficking and racketeering, a witness testified that Kelly had sexual contact with Aaliyah starting when she was 13 or 14 years old. Kelly wrote and produced Aaliyah's first album, "Age Ain't Nothing but a Number", in 1994. On August 31, 1994, Kelly, then 27, illegally  married Aaliyah, then 15, in a secret ceremony in Cook County, Illinois. Kelly's tour manager, Demetrius Smith, admitted he facilitated the wedding by obtaining falsified identification for Aaliyah which listed her as 18 years old. In 2019, a contemporaneous video surfaced showing Kelly stating—less than a year before the marriage took place—that Aaliyah was 14 years old. The marriage was annulled in February 1995 at the behest of Aaliyah's family by a Michigan judge. Kelly and Aaliyah, however, both denied that the marriage occurred and even denied that their relationship had ever moved beyond friendship. In  May 1997, Aaliyah filed a lawsuit in Cook County to have the marriage record expunged, stating that she was underage at the time of marriage, had lied by signing the marriage certificate as an 18-year-old, and that she could not legally enter into marriage without parental consent. The expungement request was included in a lawsuit filed by Tiffany Hawkins, who sought to use the marriage documents in her case against Kelly. Hawkins later accepted a settlement of $250,000 from Kelly, subject to a confidentiality agreement, in 1998. In 2019, federal prosecutors in New York charged Kelly with  bribery related to the 1994 purchase of a fake ID for Aaliyah in order to obtain a marriage license. Kelly, through his lawyers, admitted in 2021 to having had 'underage sexual contact' with Aaliyah. Sex tape circulates (2002). On February 3, 2002, a video circulated that allegedly showed Kelly engaging in sex with, and urinating on, an underage girl. After the video was released by an unknown source and sent to the "Chicago Sun-Times", the publisher broke the story on February 8, 2002, the same day Kelly performed at the opening ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics. Kelly said  in interviews that he was not the man in the video. First criminal indictment (2002). In June 2002, Kelly was indicted in Chicago on 21 counts of child pornography. That same month on June 6, 2002, Kelly was arrested by the Miami Police Department on a Chicago arrest warrant at his Florida vacation home. He was released after one night in jail, the following day after posting bail of $750,000. The alleged victim refused to testify at the trial, and a Chicago jury found Kelly not guilty on all 14 counts of child pornography in June 2008. While investigating  the photographs reported in the "Chicago Sun-Times", Polk County Sheriff's Office conducted a search of Kelly's residence in Davenport, Florida. During the search, officers recovered 12 images of an alleged underage girl on a digital camera – wrapped in a towel in a duffel bag – which allegedly depicted Kelly "involved in sexual conduct with the female minor." According to the "Chicago Sun-Times", the girl in the images obtained from Kelly's Florida home also appears in the videotape which got Kelly indicted in Chicago. Kelly was arrested on January 22, 2003, by Police investigators from Polk County  and Miami-Dade County, at Miami's Wyndham Grand Bay Hotel on those charges of 12 counts of possession of child pornography. Kelly was later released from Miami-Dade county jail hours after on a bond posted of $12,000. In March 2004, these charges were dropped due to a lack of probable cause for the search warrants. Allegations of preteen girl molestation (2009). In a divorce court filing unsealed in 2020, R. Kelly's former wife Andrea claims that R. Kelly was accused of molesting a preteen girl in 2009. Huffington Post Live Interview (2015). In December 2015, Kelly  appeared on "Huffington Post Live" in an interview with journalist Caroline Modarressy-Tehrani. The interview was so he could promote the release of his latest album "The Buffet." However, during the interview, Modarressy-Tehrani quizzed Kelly about the sexual abuse allegations being levelled against him and wanted to gauge his reaction. This resulted in Kelly growing angry and defensive. He continually shouted over Modarressy-Tehrani, asked her whether she drank and threatened to leave and go to McDonalds. Kelly ultimately stormed out of the interview before it ended. This was one of the first occasions where Kelly was concretely asked  about the allegations against him on a public platform. After Kelly's 2021 conviction, Modarressy-Tehrani tweeted: "Now, with this verdict, hopefully, his survivors get some peace and feel this justice. Alleged sex cult (2010s). Jim DeRogatis reported for "BuzzFeed News" on July 17, 2017, that Kelly was accused by three sets of parents of holding their daughters in an "abusive cult". Kelly and the alleged victims deny the allegations. In March 2018, BBC World Service aired a documentary entitled "R Kelly: Sex, Girls and Videotapes" presented by reporter Ben Zand that explored the 2017 allegations. This was followed up  in May with the BBC Three documentary "R Kelly: The Sex Scandal Continues" which included interviews with the parents of the Savage daughters. Kelly was again accused of misconduct on April 17, 2018, by a former partner of his who claimed that Kelly "intentionally" infected her with a sexually transmitted disease. A representative for Kelly stated that he "categorically denies all claims and allegations". In a January 2019 BBC News article, a woman named Asante McGee whom Kelly had met in 2014 and taken to live with him some months later, said that she lived with not only Kelly alone , but with other women. She said: "He controlled every aspect of my life, while I lived with him." McGee later moved out on her own accord. Boycott and industry response. In May 2018, the Women of Color branch of the Time's Up movement called for a boycott of Kelly's music and performances over the many allegations against him. The boycott was accompanied by a social media campaign called Mute R. Kelly. In response, his management said that Kelly supports the movement in principle, but targeting him was "the attempted lynching of a black man who has made extraordinary  contributions to our culture". The music streaming service Spotify announced on May 10, 2018, that it was going to stop promoting or recommending music by both R. Kelly and XXXTentacion. Spotify stated, "We don't censor content because of an artist's or creator's behavior, but we want our editorial decisions—what we choose to program—to reflect our values." Two days later, Apple Music and Pandora also announced that they will no longer be featuring or promoting R. Kelly's music. Spotify received criticism from members of the music industry who expressed worries of a "slippery slope" of  muting artists, since R. Kelly had not ever actually been convicted of any crime. Spotify ultimately reversed this decision. Allegations of music industry complicity. "The Washington Post" ran a lengthy article in May 2018, alleging that music industry executives had been aware of Kelly's sexually abusive behavior toward underage girls for years but did little or nothing about them due to his success as a performer and songwriter. As early as 1994, the newspaper reported, his tour manager had urged Jive Records' founder Clive Calder to tell Kelly he would not release the singer's records if he continued  to have "incidents" with young women after every concert he gave. Calder told the "Post" that he regretted not having done more at the time, saying "Clearly, we missed something." Former Jive president Barry Weiss told the newspaper that during 20 years with the label he never concerned himself with Kelly's private life and was unaware of two lawsuits filed against Kelly and the label by young women alleging sexual misconduct while they were minors, suits in which the label had successfully argued it was not liable. Larry Khan, another Jive executive who worked closely with the singer even  after viewing the sex tape, likewise implied it was not the label's responsibility, and pointed to Chuck Berry and Jerry Lee Lewis as musicians whose labels continued to release and promote their records despite public awareness that they were involved with underage girls. Executives at Epic Records also took a similarly relaxed attitude towards allegations of Kelly's sexual misconduct, the "Post" claimed. In 2002, after he signed with the label, executive David McPherson allegedly avoided viewing a copy of a tape purportedly showing the singer having sex with an underage girl, even as he had warned Kelly's  assistant that if it turned out to be Kelly on that tape, the label would drop him. McPherson did not respond to the "Post"s requests for comment. An intern with the label whose work suffered after she began a relationship with Kelly, ultimately costing her the position, settled with Epic for $250,000; Cathy Carroll, the executive she worked for, regularly rebuked her former subordinate for having an affair with a married man whenever the two met at social functions for years afterwards, and the damage to the woman's reputation led her to abandon her career in the music  industry. Carroll told the newspaper the woman was "starstruck ... A lot of times it's not really the men." "The Washington Post" also suggested the labels were complicit in the sex-cult allegations from the previous summer's "BuzzFeed" piece. Employees at the studios where Kelly recorded were required to sign non-disclosure agreements and not enter certain rooms, which they said they believed were where Kelly made the young women and underage girls stay while he worked. Despite the agreements, the newspaper was able to publish screenshots of text exchanges where young women and underage girls in the rooms  asked Kelly's assistants to let them out so they could go to the bathroom or get food. The newspaper also published pictures taken after Kelly had concluded a six-week session at a Los Angeles studio, paid for by his then-current label, RCA Records, showing a cup of urine sitting on a piano and urine stains on the wooden floor of another room. Musical response to allegations. Kelly released the 19-minute long "I Admit" on SoundCloud on July 23, 2018, as a response to his accusers. The song does not contain any criminal admissions despite its title  and chorus, which repeats the lyric "I admit it, I did it". In "I Admit", Kelly denies allegations of domestic violence and pedophilia, asserting that they are matters of opinion. Kelly also denounces Jim DeRogatis and repudiates his investigative report's claim of Kelly operating a "sex cult". Addressing the Mute R. Kelly social media campaign, Kelly sings, "only God can mute me". The song was criticized by reviewers, who described it as an act of trolling. Andrea Kelly and Carey Killa Kelly, R. Kelly's ex-wife and brother, responded to "I Admit" with a remix and a diss  track respectively. Section::::"Surviving R. Kelly" (2019–2020). In January 2019, Lifetime began airing a six-part documentary series titled Surviving R. Kelly detailing sexual abuse and misconduct allegations against Kelly. Writing for the "Los Angeles Times", Loraine Ali observed that the series covered a range of in-depth interviews that "paint a picture of a predator whose behavior was consistently overlooked by the industry, his peers and the public while his spiritual hit was sung in churches and schools." Within two weeks, Kelly launched a Facebook page where he sought to discredit the accusers who appeared in the docuseries. Facebook removed  the page for violating their standards as it appeared to contain personal contact information for his accusers. The second season titled "Surviving R. Kelly Part II: The Reckoning" premiered on January 2, 2020. Following airing of the "Surviving R. Kelly" documentary, Kelly was listed in "Guinness World Records" as the most searched for male musician on Google in 2019. He ranked 8th overall on Google's list of the 10 most search for people for the year. Second series of criminal charges (2019–2021). On February 22, 2019, the Cook County State's Attorney's Office in Illinois charged Kelly with  10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse. The charges allege that from 1998 to 2010, Kelly sexually abused four females, three of whom were teen minors at the time, with evidence including a video provided by Michael Avenatti of an alleged new crime. After Kelly turned himself in the day the charges were announced, he was arrested by the Chicago Police Department and taken into custody. The judge set bond at $1 million and ordered Kelly to have no contact with any minor under 18 or alleged victim. Kelly pleaded not guilty to all charges, which he called lies . He was released on bail after three nights in jail at Cook County. On March 6, 2019, Gayle King interviewed Kelly on "CBS This Morning", where he insisted on his innocence and blamed social media for the allegations. During the interview, Kelly had an emotional outburst where he stood up, pounded his chest, and yelled. Two women who described themselves as a Kelly's girlfriends and whose parents say are brainwashed captives, declared their love for Kelly and defended him during the broadcast. On July 11, 2019, Kelly was arrested on federal charges alleging sex crimes and obstruction of justice  by U.S. Homeland Security investigators and NYPD detectives in Chicago. On July 12, 2019, federal prosecutors from New York and Chicago indicted Kelly on 18 charges, including child sexual exploitation, child pornography production, sex trafficking, kidnapping, forced labor, racketeering, and obstruction of justice. He was first denied bail in October 2019 and denied bail release again in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Superseding indictments were filed in Chicago on February 13, 2020, and in New York on March 13, 2020, raising the total number of charges to 22. He was incarcerated at Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago from July 11 , 2019, to June 23, 2021. On June 23, 2021, Kelly was transferred to Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn. On August 5, 2019, the State's Attorney Office in Hennepin County, Minnesota charged Kelly with soliciting a minor and prostitution; prosecutors alleged that in July 2001, following a concert in Minneapolis, Kelly had invited a girl up to his hotel room and paid her $200 to remove her clothing and dance with him. In July 2021, Federal prosecutors asked the court to include alleged evidence of bribes, recordings of threats and more allegations of sexual abuse of minors, including an underaged  boy he met at McDonald's, as pattern evidence in his trial. Criminal conviction (2021). The federal trial began on August 18, 2021. After weeks of testimony and two days of deliberations, on September 27, 2021, the jury found Kelly guilty on nine counts including racketeering, sexual exploitation of a child, kidnapping, bribery, sex trafficking, and a violation of the Mann Act. The judge ordered that Kelly remain in custody pending sentencing, which was set for May 4, 2022. After the jury delivered their verdict, women's rights attorney Gloria Allred, who represented several victims, stated that Kelly was the  worst sexual predator she had pursued in her 47-year career of practicing law. Other legal issues. After a July 1996 brawl at a Lafayette, Louisiana health club involving Kelly and his entourage, Kelly was placed on a year's unsupervised probation starting August 13, 1997, after being found guilty of battery. One of the victims needed 110 facial stitches. Also that year, a 20-year-old accused Kelly in civil court of having sexual relations with her when he was 24 and she was 15. Kelly settled the lawsuit in 1998 for $250,000, according to the "Chicago Sun -Times". On April 8, 1998, Kelly was arrested on three misdemeanor charges of disorderly conduct, including one charge on violating noise ordinance for playing his music extremely loud from his car. Prosecutors from the district attorney's office dropped the first two charges on May 7 and the noise charge on July 22 that year. On November 1, 2004, Kelly launched a $75 million lawsuit against former friend Jay-Z and several concert organizers and/or promoters for removing him from the "Best of Both Worlds" tour. The lawsuit for breach of contract, which sought $75 million in damages  ($60 million in punitive damages and $15 million for lost income) was a result of not being able to tour. Jay-Z countersued in January 2005, claiming R. Kelly showed erratic behavior including being late or absent attendances, vacating deadlines, and continued demands or requests that led to several cancellations and resulted in loss of gross. R. Kelly's lawyers challenged it as "inaccurate smears of Mr. Kelly that are utterly irrelevant to the issues of the case", but didn't deny that the rapper refused to work with R. Kelly after the Madison Square Garden incident and  thus broke the contract. Jay-Z's counter suit was dismissed by a judge that May. In November 2005, Kelly sued Jay-Z again, claiming that now Roc Nation executive Tyran "Ty Ty" Smith was awarded with the position of vice president of Def Jam's artist and repertoire department, as a result of the latter macing (or pepper-spraying) Kelly on October 29, 2004. On March 6, 2019, Kelly was taken back to the Cook County Jail after failing to pay $161,633 in child support. On March 9, 2019, he was released after someone, who did not want  to be identified, paid off the child support. His lawyer says he could not discuss the payment due to a gag order. Influence. Kelly is considered to be one of the most successful R&B artists since the mid-1980s. He is also one of the best-selling music artists in the United States, with over 30 million albums sold, as well as only the fifth black artist to enter the top 50 of the same list. "Rolling Stone" magazine called him "arguably the most important R&B figure of the 1990s and 2000s." Music executive Barry Weiss described Kelly as "the modern -day Prince, although there's a bit of Marvin Gaye in him, and a bit of Irving Berlin." In addition to his solo and collaboration success, Kelly has also written and produced several hit songs, such as "Fortunate" for Maxwell, "You Are Not Alone" for Michael Jackson, "G.H.E.T.T.O.U.T." for Changing Faces, "Bump, Bump, Bump" for B2K, and many more. R. Kelly has been compared to artists like Sam Cooke and Marvin Gaye. Personal life. Kelly's mother, Joanne, died from cancer in 1993. He has given conflicting accounts of where he was during his mother's passing. In 1996 , Kelly married Andrea Kelly, his former backup dancer and mother of his three children. Andrea filed a restraining order against Kelly in September 2005 after a physical altercation, ultimately filing for divorce in 2006. In January 2009, after separating in the fall of 2005, Kelly and his wife Andrea Kelly finalized their divorce after 11 years of marriage. Charity and donations. In 2007, Kelly released the song "Rise Up" for Virginia Tech after the 2007 school shooting, and donated the net proceeds to the families of the victims. In 2010, Kelly penned the song "Sign of a Victory" for the  FIFA World Cup, with all proceeds benefiting African charities. In 2011, he performed at a charity event in Chicago benefiting Clara's House, a now-shuttered (Jan 2018) facility designed to build employment, housing, health care, and education in the projects of Chicago. In 2016, Kelly donated cases of water to the Flint water crisis. Honors and awards. Kelly has been awarded and nominated for multiple awards during his career, as a songwriter, producer, and singer. He was granted three Grammy Awards for his song "I Believe I Can Fly": Best Male R&B Vocal Performance, Best Rhythm and Blues Song , and Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television.