Mendoubia
The Mendoubia or Mandubiyya () refers to the former residence and office of the Mendoub, the representative of the Sultan of Morocco in the Tangier International Zone from 1924 to 1956. It now houses the commercial court () of Tangier. Its surrounding gardens are open to the public. History. In the early 19th century, the consul of Sweden in Tangier acquired a villa on the hill just outside the Medina. In 1872, the newly established German Empire decided to establish a consulate in Tangier and acquired the former Swedish legate's villa which it promptly remodeled and expanded, giving the building  its current appearance. The first German consul-general, , arrived in 1873. In the late 19th century, it was the only European consulate outside of the walls of the Medina quarter. That German legation was the site of Kaiser Wilhelm II’s address on , supporting Moroccan independence and criticizing France’s encroachments, which triggered the First Moroccan Crisis. Less than a decade later, the German consul was expelled and expropriated by the French authorities in August 1914, at the outset of World War I. From the mid-1920s, the governance of the Tangier International Zone entrusted the affairs of the Muslim and  Jewish communities to a personal representative of the Sultan of Morocco known as the Mendoub. The Mendoub's office was established in the former German legation, which thus became known as the Mendoubia. During World War II, Tangier fell under Spanish military administration. On , the Spanish authorities terminated the mandate of the Mendoub, who subsequently left the city. The next day, diplomat took possession of the building as Nazi Germany's consul. The German consulate remained there until , when the Spanish authorities, under Allied pressure, forced it to leave. Mendoub Muhammad at-Tazi returned on board the French cruiser Duguay -Trouin on . On , Mohammed V gave a landmark address on Moroccan sovereignty in the Mendoubia's gardens, which (together with another address given the next day at the Grand Mosque of Tangier) became known as the Tangier Speech. After Moroccan independence in 1956, the nearby Grand Socco was later renamed to commemorate that event. Following the termination of the Mendoub’s office, the palace was repurposed to become the city's commercial court. A monument was erected in its gardens, featuring the full text of the Tangier Speech. The gardens were renovated and opened to the public in the 2010s . They include a large banyan tree, said to be 800 years old. A cemetery was established on the Mendoubia's grounds in the 19th century and remained there until 1911.