MS Chrobry
MS "Chrobry" was a transatlantic passenger liner, and was the last pre-war new build for the Polish Merchant Navy. She was built for the "Gdynia-Ameryka Linie Żeglugowe S.A." (Gdynia-America Line – GAL). " Purpose. The ship was intended for the Poland–South America route to replace the aging and the . Built in Denmark, it was the second (and larger) of a pair of ships, the other being the MS Sobieski. The MS Chrobry was named in honour of the first Polish king Bolesław I Chrobry. The name of the King means "Braveheart". Maiden Voyage & Exile. On its  maiden voyage from Gdynia to Buenos Aires, it carried 1,167 passengers. The ship sailed on the 29 July 1939 and arrived uneventfully in Buenos Aires on the 19 August 1939. Among the Polish personalities on board were Senator Jan Rembielinski, the ambassador Władysław Mazurkiewicz, author Bohdan Pawłowicz, and the young writers Witold Gombrowicz and Czesław Straszewicz, who had been invited along to promote the ship. The ship left Buenos Aires on the 24th of August on the return leg of its maiden passenger voyage and was near Pernambuco in Brazil, when World War II broke out. Initially the ship stayed  at the Brazilian port for 40 days with the passengers having disembarked in Brazil rather than return to Poland. Then the essentially stateless ship sailed with her crew of 264. There were 20 women and 14 boy apprentices from a Polish sea school, aged between 16 and 18, among the party. After wandering the Atlantic for three weeks the ship diverted to Southampton in the UK. As a transatlantic liner she made only one transatlantic voyage, never returning to her home port of Gdynia. Wartime Service & Fate. During the war the ship was rebuilt in Britain to become a troop  transport. The ship was used during the Norwegian Campaign, in the area around Narvik. On 14 May 1940 she sailed from Tjeldsundet transporting British troops to Bodø. Just before midnight German dive bombers attacked the ship three times in the middle of the Vestfjorden, setting the ship on fire, exploding ammunition, and killing several army officers and men. One of the escorts, the destroyer HMS "Wolverine", took off 700 survivors from the ship, while the other escort, the sloop HMS "Stork", stood on guard and drove off other German aircraft, then took off the remaining survivors. Both escorts, loaded with  survivors, sailed for Harstad. The abandoned "Chrobry" was sunk by aircraft from the aircraft carrier HMS "Ark Royal" on 16 May. A considerable amount of equipment went down with the ship.