Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
The Alpes Graiae et Vallis Poeninae, later known as Alpes Atrectianae et Vallis Poenina, were a small Alpine province of the Roman Empire probably created during the reign of Claudius (41–54 AD) after the merging of the Alpes Poeninae (or Vallis Poeninae) and the Alpes Graiae (or Alpes Atrectianae). Comprising the modern Canton of Valais (Switzerland), the Tarantaise Valley (France), and the Val d'Aosta (Italy), it was one of the three provinces straddling the Alps between modern France and Italy, along with the Alpes Maritimae and Alpes Cottiae. The province had two capitals, most likely since  its creation: Forum Claudii Ceutronum (modern Aime-la-Plagne) for the Alpes Graiae, and Forum Claudii Vallensium (modern Martigny) for the Alpes Poeninae."" The procurator of the province resided alternatively in one of the two chief towns. Name. The official name of the province was initially Alpes Graiae et Vallis Poenina. From the 2nd century AD to the reign of Diocletian (284–305), it was known as Alpes Atrectianae et Vallis Poenina, attested on an inscription from the Severian period (193–235). History. The region of Vallis Poenina, corresponding to the modern Canton of Valais between the Lake Geneva and the Great  St. Bernard Pass, was inhabited at the time of the Roman conquest by the Celtic Nantuates, Veragri, Seduni and Uberi. After the Roman invasion led by Augustus in 16–15 BC, the area was initially placed under military control "(praefectus Raetis", "Vindolicis", "vallis Poeninae") and incorporated into the large province of Raetia et Vindelicia, which stretched between the central Alps and the Danube. According to most scholars, the Vallensian tribes were granted Latin Rights and grouped together into a single "civitas Vallensium" during the reign of Claudius (41–54 AD). Probably at the same time, Vallis Poenina was separated from Raetia et  Vindelicia and united with the newly created Alpes Graiae, forming together the province of Alpes Graiae et Poeninae, with one chief town for each division: Forum Claudii Ceutronum (modern Aime-la-Plagne) for the Alpes Graiae, and Forum Claudii Vallensium (modern Martigny) for the Alpes Poeninae. The Alpes Graiae, located west of the Little St Bernard Pass and inhabited by the Ceutrones, were later known as Alpes Atrectianae from the 2nd century until the reign of Diocletian (284–205). During the reign of Diocletian (284–305), the province was integrated into the "praeses" of the Diocese of Gaul. Some scholars date the  unification of the Alpes Graiae and Alpes Poeninae to this period rather than the reign of Claudius. In 381, the first Bishop of the region, Theodul, was mentioned. After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region was invaded by the Burgundians and incorporated into their kingdom. After its fall, it was integrated into the Frankish Kingdom in 534, then briefly invaded by the Lombards in 574.