Neverwinter Nights (2002 video game)
Neverwinter Nights is a third-person role-playing video game developed by BioWare. Interplay Entertainment was originally set to publish the game, but financial difficulties led to it being taken over by Infogrames, who released the game under their Atari range of titles. It was released for Microsoft Windows on June 18, 2002. BioWare later released a Linux client in June 2003, requiring a purchased copy of the game to play. MacSoft released a Mac OS X port in August 2003. "Neverwinter Nights" is set in the fantasy world of the "Forgotten Realms" campaign setting , with the game mechanics based on the "Dungeons & Dragons" 3rd edition rules. The game engine was designed around an Internet-based model for running a massively multiplayer online game (MMOG), which would allow end users to host game servers. Up to 64 players could connect to a single server. The intent was to create a potentially infinite massively multiplayer game framework. This game was named after the original "Neverwinter Nights" online game, the first graphical massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), which operated from 1991 to 1997 on AOL. The original release of "Neverwinter Nights" includes the game engine , a game campaign that can be played as single player or in multiplayer mode, and on Windows releases, the Aurora toolset used for creating custom content that would run in the same engine. Three expansion packs were subsequently released for the game: "" in June 2003; "" in December 2003; and "" in November 2004. BioWare began selling premium modules through an online store in late 2004. The game's success led to a sequel, "Neverwinter Nights 2", released on October 31, 2006. Development. The game was developed by 65 people. Development time was more than a year and the project had a  multi-million dollar budget. The game was announced to use the Omen engine as a replacement for the Infinity engine which was not good enough for the new game. BioWare intended to create a game system which emulated the interactions in a pen-and-paper version of "Dungeons & Dragons" including the role of Dungeon Master. They worked alongside the "AD&D" to ensure the game framework was faithful to the tabletop game. A posting at the "Neverwinter Nights 2" Vault on June 4, 2008 contained information from what appeared to be original "Neverwinter Nights" documentation. At the BioWare forums, "Neverwinter" lead  designer Rob Bartel confirmed that the "series of excerpts from the game's design doc" were not a hoax. When asked if the plans were altered due to time constraints, Bartel referenced various legal difficulties that the company was working through. Gameplay. The original scenario supplied with the "Neverwinter Nights" is the campaign. It comprises approximately sixty hours of gameplay. The gameplay centers on the development of a player character (PC) through adventuring, who ultimately becomes the hero of the story. The PC is tasked with defeating a powerful cult, collecting four reagents required to stop a plague, and thwarting  an attack on the city of Neverwinter, located along the Sword Coast of Faerûn, in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting of "Dungeons & Dragons". The first and final chapters of the campaign deal with the city of Neverwinter itself, but the lengthy mid-story requires the player to venture into the surrounding countryside and travel northward to the city of Luskan. Along the way, many optional side quests are made available. As in the "Dungeons & Dragons" tabletop game, the first thing a player must do is create a new character. The game provides a set of ready-made characters, or the  player may create one from scratch. A series of panels are presented for selection of the character's gender, race, character class, alignment, ability scores (such as strength and intelligence), specialized abilities called skills and feats, in-game appearance, and name. This process grants significant allowance for customization; one can be, for example, an outdoorsman (ranger) or a healer (cleric), then choose skills and feats that would work well with that class in the game. Following a small prelude, there are four chapters in the original game, with each chapter following part of the general storyline. Within each chapter, there  are many quests, subquests, and mini-storylines provided to the player. Depending on the specific quests completed, and the unique items kept, some storylines are continued throughout the entire game, such as the Henchman's or Aribeth's tales. Completing many of the side quests will give the player's character more experience and special items, making them improve more rapidly and continue to make the game easier as the player progresses. These improvements come in the form of levels earned through experience points, with each level providing the protagonist with a set of enhancements as selected by the player . The game's mechanics are based on the "Dungeons & Dragons" 3rd edition rule set; the outcome of most actions, such as combat and skills usage, are randomly determined by dice rolls. For example, when a fighter attacks, the computer would digitally "roll" a 20-sided die (called a d20 in-game) to determine if he hits the target. On a success, another die is rolled to determine the damage dealt, with powerful weapons assigned to dice with a greater number of sides, due to their ability to do more damage. Although the outcome of nearly all actions is determined by  dice rolls, the player does not see them, with the results calculated in the background. However, the player has the option to display the outcomes of these rolls. The player can control the game almost entirely via the mouse. Multiplayer. A robust multiplayer component separates "Neverwinter Nights" from previous "Dungeons & Dragons" games, as this allows players to play on many different servers hosting games. Depending on hardware and bandwidth, each server can support up to ninety-six players on the same server application, plus Dungeon Masters (DM) to run the games, if desired. "Neverwinter Nights" game modules are run in  a variety of genres and themes, including persistent worlds (which are similar to MUD), combat arenas (player versus player modules), whole servers dedicated to sexually oriented roleplay, Because "Neverwinter Nights" lacks a global chat function aside from the supported GameSpy, players typically join pickup games through the game's multiplayer interface, or schedule games in advance with friends. Matchmaking sites can facilitate scheduling of games, and the experience is much like traditional pen-and-paper role-playing games. Persistent worlds do this work for them by inviting players to visit their website and continue to roleplay there. An important feature  of "Neverwinter Nights" is the Dungeon Master Client: a tool that allows an individual to take the role of the Dungeon Master, who guides the players through the story and has complete control of the server. Previous games such as "", based on the printed gamebooks by White Wolf Publishing, utilized this feature to a limited extent. When it was released, "Neverwinter Nights" was viewed as the first successful implementation of the feature. The DM Client allows players to participate in regular campaigns, while also allowing persistent world servers to flourish by permitting the DMs of those servers to take control  of non-player characters (NPCs) in mid-game for added realism and flexibility. The Dungeon Master Client also permits the user to spawn and control masses of monsters and NPCs much in the same way as units would be controlled in a real-time strategy game. Custom content. "Neverwinter Nights" ships with the Aurora toolset, which allows players to create custom modules for the game. These modules may take the form of online multiplayer worlds, single player adventures, character trainers or technology demos. Additionally, several third party utilities have further expanded the community's ability to create custom content for  the game. By the end of 2002, there were over 1,000 custom adventures available. Custom content creators are known as builders in the "Neverwinter Nights" community. The Aurora toolset allows builders to create map areas using a tile system; the appearance and surface textures of the area are defined by the area's selected tileset. Builders can overlay placeable objects onto areas, and use the built-in scripting language NWScript, which is based on the C programming language, to run cut scenes, quests, mini-games and conversations. Third party utilities allow builders to create custom content for most aspects of  the game, ranging from new playable races and character classes to new tilesets, monsters and equipment. Custom content is added to the game in the form of hakpaks. Builders have used the Aurora toolset in combination with hakpaks to create playing experiences beyond the scope of the original campaign. Additionally, the Aurora toolset has allowed for the creation of a number of ongoing persistent worlds modules. Despite the game's age, the "Neverwinter Nights" custom content community remains active. The community, mostly centered on the Neverwinter Vault, has created over 4,000 modules for the game, among them, many award-winning  adventures and series such as "Dreamcatcher". The Aurora toolset is not available for the Linux and Macintosh versions of "Neverwinter Nights". The open source project neveredit aims to port the toolset features to these platforms. The game's module-making legacy was continued by "Neverwinter Nights 2". Plot. The story begins with the player character (PC), the protagonist of the story, being sent to recover four creatures (dryad, intellect devourer, yuan-ti, and cockatrice) known collectively as the "Waterdhavian creatures" under the guidance of Lady Aribeth de Tylmarande. The Waterdhavian creatures are needed to make a cure for the Wailing  Death, a plague that is sweeping the city of Neverwinter and forcing a quarantine. With the help of Fenthick Moss, Aribeth's love interest, and Desther, Fenthick's friend, the PC is able to retrieve the creatures. As they collect the creatures, they are attacked by mysterious assassins from a cult that is behind the spreading of the plague. As the cure is being made, Castle Neverwinter is attacked by the minions of Desther, who betrays the heroes. Desther takes the completed cure and escapes the castle, with the hero and Fenthick in pursuit. When they catch up to Desther , he surrenders after a short battle. Desther is sentenced to burn at the stake, and Fenthick, despite being unaware of Desther's true intentions, is sentenced to hang. The protagonist meets up with Aribeth and Neverwinter's spymaster, Aarin Gend, to begin searching for the cult responsible for the plague and the attack on Neverwinter. The PC retrieves the diaries of dead cultists and letters from a person named Maugrim Korothir, which convince Aribeth that the cult's headquarters are in Luskan. Aribeth goes ahead to Luskan, and the hero follows after speaking once more to Gend. After arriving in  Luskan, the protagonist hears rumors that Aribeth has defected and joined the cultists. These fears are confirmed when she is found meeting with Maugrim and Morag, Queen of the reptilian Old Ones. They seek a group of magical relics called the Words of Power. The protagonist retrieves all of the Words of Power except for one held by the cult. The hero discovers that the Words open a portal to a pocket world inside the Source Stone, where Morag and the other Old Ones sealed themselves long ago to avoid extinction during a primordial ice age. The protagonist confronts Aribeth , and depending on how the meeting is handled, she either surrenders to the PC or they are forced to kill her. The hero battles Maugrim for the final Word, then uses the Words to enter the Source Stone and battle with Morag. After Morag's death, the protagonist escapes the Stone as the world inside it implodes. Reception. Sales. For the launch of "Neverwinter Nights", publisher Infogrames shipped 1 million copies to stores, with half allocated to North America and the rest to international markets. In an experimental move, the company priced the game at $55, an increase over  the $50 typical of computer games at the time. CNN Money columnist Chris Morris reported that "gamers complained loudly about" this decision. The game proceeded to sell 125,000 copies by June 27, after its release on the 18th. It debuted at #1 on The NPD Group's computer game sales chart during the June 16–22 period, and held the position for two weeks, before being displaced by "". However, "Neverwinter Nights" continued to place in the chart's top 10 consistently for its first three months of release. By July 23, the game's global sales had surpassed 200,000 units . NPD reported North American sales of 330,000 copies by late December, which brought in revenues of $18 million. It was ultimately the region's 11th-best-selling computer game of 2002. Greg Zeschuk remarked in June 2003 that "Neverwinter Nights" had sold above 1 million copies, before the release of its first expansion pack. In the United States alone, the game sold 510,000 copies and earned $23.2 million by August 2006. At that time, "Edge" declared it the country's 26th-best-selling computer game released since January 2000. It also received a "Silver" sales award from the  Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association, which indicates sales of at least 100,000 copies in the United Kingdom. Combined global sales of "Neverwinter Nights" and its expansion packs surpassed 2.6 million units by early 2005; by August 2006, the games totaled 1.3 million sales in the United States alone. Discounting its expansions, the original "Neverwinter Nights" ultimately sold 2.2 million copies, as of 2007. Critical reviews. In general, "Neverwinter Nights" was met with positive reviews, receiving "universal acclaim" according to Metacritic. GameSpot referred to it as "one of those exceedingly rare games that has a lot to offer virtually everyone , even if they aren't already into RPGs", and praised it for its campaign, its Aurora toolset, and its graphics. The publication later named it the best computer game of June 2002. "PC Gamer US" called it "a total package—a PC gaming classic for the ages", and said that its "storyline [is] as persuasive as any I’ve encountered in a fantasy roleplaying game". Chris Chan of "New Straits Times" said, ""Neverwinter Nights" is every role-playing gamer's dream". Allgame found that the game's story was "humdrum" and "mediocre". Mark Meadows of "The Wisconsin State Journal" agreed , saying the game was too focused on technical details. Victor Godinez of "Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service" did not care for the turn-based combat system, preferring to have direct control. He also said the controls were difficult to use occasionally. "GamePro" noted the game's graphics as being "gorgeous" and its sound as "untouchable", and GameZone likewise praised its visuals, specifically mentioning its combat animation and spell effects as being well done. GameSpy wasn't as impressed by the graphics, saying "The biggest, and arguably the only, glaring flaw in the game, is its graphics. You can tell that  this game has been in development for five years[...]"; however, they praised its voice acting and music. Godinez agreed, and also liked the game's audio, noting in particular the scraps of conversation that can be heard in the background throughout the city. Allgame praised "Neverwinter Night"s DM tools, calling the game's level creation options "impressive" and the multiplayer options "great". "GamePro" thought that "Neverwinter Nights" is the closest that any video game has come to accurately representing the full "Dungeons & Dragons" rules, a statement further reinforced by Greg Kasavin of GameSpot, who said that "Neverwinter Nights isn't  the first "Dungeons & Dragons" game for the computer to make use of the pen-and-paper game's 3rd Edition rules, but it's the first to implement them so well". GameZone said that the Aurora Toolset was one of the "best features" of the game. John Breeden II of "The Washington Post" said including the tool set was "smartest thing Bioware did". He went on to say that giving such tools to the players became more commonplace, but was a bold move at the time of the game's release. Chan commented, "you could use the Aurora tools to  create a dream world". Peter Suciu of "Newsweek" magazine called "Neverwinter Nights" "possibly the richest fantasy PC experience ever created." According to GameSpy, ""Neverwinter"'s contribution to D&D gaming is always a hot topic and a source of argument." Awards. "Neverwinter Nights" was named the best computer role-playing game of 2002 by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS), "PC Gamer US" and GameSpot. RPG Vault declared it "Product of the Year", while "Computer Games Magazine" ranked it the year's second-best computer game across all genres. The latter publication's editors wrote that the "single-player game  is merely passable", but they highly praised "Neverwinter Nights" content-creation tools, and argued that the game is "what computer role-playing games should have been all along". The game won special awards for its technology from "Computer Games", the Game Developers Choice Awards (GDCA) and RPG Vault, the latter two for its network programming and Aurora Toolset, respectively. Aurora was also a nominee in the AIAS's "PC Simulation" category. RPG Vault's staff hailed the tool as "an unprecedented combination of power, flexibility and ease of use." "Neverwinter Nights" received further nominations in the AIAS's special categories  for "Innovation in PC Gaming" and "Game Design", and in RPG Vault's categories for music and writing, but lost these to other titles. However, it did win RPG Vault's "Outstanding Achievement in Community Building" prize. "Neverwinter Nights" was a runner-up for the "Role-Playing Game of the Year" awards of "Computer Gaming World", IGN, GameSpy and RPG Vault, all of which went to "". The editors of "Computer Gaming World" wrote that "Neverwinter Nights" "gave gamers a fabulous toolset for creating their own adventures—too bad the single-player campaign prompted a staffwide shrugging of shoulders." It was  also nominated as the overall best computer game of 2002 by GameSpot, "PC Gamer US" and the AIAS, and as the year's best game on any platform by the GDCA. These prizes went variously to "Warcraft III", "Battlefield 1942" and "Metroid Prime". Legacy. IGN ranked "Neverwinter Nights" No. 4 on their list of "The Top 11 Dungeons & Dragons Games of All Time" in 2014. Ian Williams of "Paste" rated the game #4 on his list of "The 10 Greatest Dungeons and Dragons Videogames" in 2015. The game has inspired a number of fan-made films made using machinima techniques  of synchronizing video footage from a game to pre-recorded dialogue and other audio, such as "BloodSpell", and "Neverending Nights". Since the original release of "Neverwinter Nights", several in-game portraits have been modified in patches due to their having been copied from outside sources. In another instance, the Canadian Red Cross complained to BioWare about the appearance of the Red Cross symbol on the in-game item "Healer's Kit", as part of a long-running attempt to discourage outside usage of the symbol. This resulted in the Red Cross symbol being removed from the Healer's Kit through  patches. "", a role-playing video game based in the "Star Wars" universe, was also released by BioWare using a modified version of the Aurora engine of "Neverwinter Nights", called the Odyssey Engine. The sequel, "", also used it. Because of this, modders have been able to modify these games using some "Neverwinter Nights" modding tools. "The Witcher", a role-playing video game by CD Projekt Red, is also based on the Aurora engine of "Neverwinter Nights". BioWare used "Neverwinter Nights" and its toolset to develop prototypes and mock-ups of various areas and scenarios for "". Expansion packs and modules. "Neverwinter Nights  received an expansion pack, ", in June 2003. Its story line concerns a student sent out to recover some stolen magical objects. The story begins in the Silver Marches, moving toward the desert of Anauroch and the old Netherese city of Undrentide. A second expansion " was released in December 2003. The story continued where Shadows of Undrentide" ended, with a character of at least 15th level, and led into the vast subterranean world known as the Underdark. The first chapter of the story took place in the Undermountain dungeon beneath the city of Waterdeep. "" was released in November 2004, and features  three premium modules: the award-winning "Kingmaker", "Shadowguard", and "Witch's Wake". Atari and BioWare helped to promote and release free downloadable hakpaks, models, and tileset expansion packs, which greatly expanded the possibilities of mod-making. The "Players Resource Consortium" ("PRC") was released in early December 2003, and is a group of hakpaks adding classes, races, skills, and spells to the game. The "PRC" has roughly three times the number of prestige classes the original game had. It also adds dozens of epic spells, and many normal spells that make better use of BioWare's Aurora engine. Psionic powers have  also been included. The "Community Expansion Pack" ("CEP"), originally released in March 2004 (last updated in January 2017), is based on the "Neverwinter Nights" community's fan-made material. This freely downloadable expansion was compiled by members of the community. It combines a selection of previously released custom content into one group of hakpaks. In late 2004, BioWare launched its online store and started selling what it called "premium modules" as part of its digital distribution program. This initiative was led by BioWare's Live Team Lead Designer, Rob Bartel. These smaller-scale adventures introduced new storylines and gameplay, and  include new music and art that BioWare integrated into later patches to the core game. According to BioWare, the revenue generated by sales of the premium modules would be used to support their fan community and provide ongoing updates and improvements to the game. The modules that are sold in the BioWare store require an active Internet connection to play, even when played in single player mode. The modules in the "Kingmaker" expansion were stripped of this requirement, but are only available for Windows systems. The modules included with "Neverwinter Nights Diamond Edition" do not require Internet access to play . In August 2009, BioWare discontinued its selling of premium modules due to a request made by Atari. On June 16, 2011, the "Neverwinter Nights" digital rights management (DRM) authentication server was temporarily taken down as a reaction by Electronic Arts to the "Neverwinter Nights" store being hacked and customer data stolen. Premium modules which were purchased via BioWare's store could not be played during that time because they could not connect to the server to validate the purchase, though DRM-free modules were unaffected. The modules "Kingmaker", "Shadowguard", and "Witch's Wake" were sold as part of the "Diamond  Edition" package. Premium modules were eventually discontinued. Three premium modules were known to be in development before cancellation. Two of them ended up being free downloads, while the third, a planned sequel to "Witch's Wake", was never released. "Hex Coda" by Stefan Gagne, the first cancelled premium module, was released to Neverwinter Vault in May 2005. The story was a mix of fantasy and science fiction and involved the protagonist dealing with the machinations of a multinational corporation called Cathedral. A sequel was in development, but was cancelled. In August 2006, Ossian Studios Inc., headed up by Alan Miranda , a former producer at BioWare, released the second canceled premium module to the Vault: "Darkness over Daggerford". The story takes place in and around Daggerford and has been compared favorably to "Baldur's Gate 2" in terms of its scope. Characters start at the 8th level. The module includes a cinematic intro (like the main campaign) and a world map. Darkness over Daggerford's status as a quasi-official expansion pack was supported by the next release of the team, this time a fully official one: for Neverwinter Nights 2. A module for the enhanced edition titled "Tyrants of the  Moonsea" was released by Ossian Studios in August 2019. It is based on an incomplete module by Luke Scull, and is designed with his help as well as that of modders and designers from the website "Arelith". Sequels. A sequel to "Neverwinter Nights", "Neverwinter Nights 2", was developed by Obsidian Entertainment, a company with a long history with BioWare. According to BioWare, the change of developer was due to BioWare's business with other titles, such as "Mass Effect" and "". "Neverwinter Nights 2" shipped in November 2006. On August 23, 2010, Atari announced Cryptic Studios would be developing "Neverwinter", an  online role-playing game based on the book series of the same name by R.A. Salvatore. It is based on Wizards of the Coast's global property "Dungeons & Dragons" rules and feature the titular city Neverwinter. It was scheduled for an early 2013 release, and was ultimately released on June 20, 2013. Educational usage. "Neverwinter Nights" has been used by colleges and universities for a variety of educational purposes. It has been used at West Nottinghamshire College in the United Kingdom as a means of delivering key skills and of showing IT designers how to understand the coding in the  game. The Synthetic Worlds Initiative at Indiana University has used it as a basis for the creation of "", where Shakespeare's dramatic history of Richard III and The War of the Roses can be interactively explored. The game and the Aurora toolset were also used at Macquarie University in Australia. The University of Alberta has offered a video game design course which uses "Neverwinter Nights" and the Aurora Toolset as the platform for teaching and course projects. The University of Minnesota has used the game to teach journalism students how to gather facts and information for news events with a  modified modern setting for the game that involves interviewing witnesses and doing library research; in a modified game, students would work in pairs putting together a story about a train accident that causes a toxic chemical spill. "Neverwinter Nights" has also been used as an interface for some Moodle activity types. Editions and re-releases. Atari released subsequent editions of the game following its first release in 2002. These editions are: Atari also re-released the game and both expansion packs in the following collections: Beamdog announced the upcoming release of "Neverwinter Nights: Enhanced Edition" on November 20, 2017. This  version includes fixes made by the community since the last release, graphic improvements, premium modules, and the return of a multiplayer server list that was lost when GameSpy shut down. A digital deluxe version includes the soundtrack and the rest of the premium modules. A pre-release version was made available to purchase on November 21. "Neverwinter Nights: Enhanced Edition" launched on Steam on March 27, 2018 and on Google Play for Android on December 4, 2018. Skybound Games, a division of Skybound Entertainment, released Beamdog's remastered version for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on December 3 , 2019.