Beaver Meadow Railroad and Coal Company
The Beaver Meadow Railroad & Coal Company (BMRC) was chartered April 7, 1830, to build a railroad from the mines near Beaver Meadows, Pennsylvania, beyond Broad Mountain along Beaver Creek to Penn Haven and along the Lehigh River through Mauch Chunk to the Lehigh Canal at Parryville, Pennsylvania. The settlement of Beaver Meadows dated to a 1787 land sale to Patrick and Mary Keene, thence to Nathan Beach. History. This was the initial railroad in the Lehigh Valley to use locomotives. When organized the BMRC was authorized to acquire $250,000 capital. The BMRC, taking  immediate advantage of a charter provision which allowed them to own and work 200 acres of coal land as an incentive for building a railroad from mines to either the Lehigh River or Little Schuylkill then increased its capitalization ceiling to $800,000. The Beaver Meadow Mines were discovered in 1812 by Nathan Beach. However, the land had an unclear title until Judge Barnes, owner of the conflicting claim, purchased Beach's tract. The already established Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company quickly labeled the BMRC a speculative venture which led to friction between the two enterprises. By 1833 the design was  finished. The engineers included Ario Pardee (later the coal magnate of the Hazleton region) The route was set from the Beaver Meadow mines to the Lehigh and down that river on its northern shore beyond Turnhole (later Glen Onoko) to Parryville between Mauch Chunk and the Blue Mountain Gap. The dual market of New York and Philadelphia (via the Lehigh Canal) and the favorable grades were factors in the choice of routes. Legislature authorized ownership of 800 additional acres of coal lands. The BMRC cited the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad’s locomotive "York" costs of $16 a day in  comparison with wagon operation of $33. Because of the difficulty in getting agreement with the Lehigh Canal on tolls, as late as 1834 Allentown was mentioned as the road's terminus. By 1836, agreement on tolls in hand, twelve miles from the mines to the Lehigh were finished, while the remaining fourteen miles to Weissport (above Parryville) were under contract. Three locomotives on order from Garrett & Eastwick (of Philadelphia) were to be in operation on the completed line by 1837, a promise the company kept. On November 5, 1836 the Beaver Meadow Register noted "The Beaver Meadow Railroad opened  … beside some bottles of champagne". One locomotive was "hauled" over 145-foot-high planes, and delivered coal between Beaver Meadow to Weatherly. Mules pulled the empties up the planes at this time. As on the Mauch Chunk Railroad, a special car carried the animal (mule) motive power down the planes. In the summer of 1836 Pardee and others located the Hazleton Railroad from Weatherly to Hazleton to open up even more coal fields to the BMRC. The Hazleton Railroad ran over BMRC track from Weatherly to Penn Haven a canal wharf. Operation and Successor Railroad. Originally wooden rails, covered with  an iron strap, were used, and the locomotives were initially wood-burning. Frequent floods along the Lehigh River notwithstanding, the railroad gained rapid success, as the mines serviced by it were developed. In early 1838, it was reported that the five Garrett and Eastwick locomotives (owned by the BMRC) were fired exclusively with anthracite. One of these locomotives, the Hercules, had a revolutionary impact on the future development of American railroads. The Hercules was the earliest locomotive to have the 4-4-0 wheel arrangement which for a time became standard for American locomotives. It was the first locomotive to  combine the use of (an independent) leading wheel truck with equalizing lever. Due to this innovation, the Hercules was adapted to operating in the rough Pennsylvania terrain and helped to open much of America to railroad construction. In 1840, the BMRC offered to lease its line and its 30- to 60,000-ton annual coal production, and to furnish to the lessee railcars, engines and engineers. This was first leased to A. H. VanCleve & Company in 1841, and was operated by that firm until 1846. William Milnes & Company then worked the mines for about a year. The firm of Hamberger & Company  then leased them and continued operations until 1850, after which the mines were abandoned until 1881, when they were leased to Coxe Brothers & Company. After the flood of 1841, the BMRC abandoned its track from opposite Mauch Chunk to Parrysville (partly rebuilt by the Lehigh Valley Railroad in 1855). The new coal port was located at East Mauch Chunk and was known as "Lousy Bay." Beaver Meadow had a railroad foundry as well as the machine shops until these facilities were moved to Weatherly in 1849. The difficulty of crossing the planes with locomotives needing repairs was a factor in  this decision. By 1849, when the line had 2.5 miles of H-rail, five locomotives and 297 coal cars, it delivered 84,396 tons of coal to the canal at East Mauch Chunk. In 1849, the company had decided to replace the light wooden rails with flat iron bars fastened with t-rails. The work was done during the winter of 1849 and completed by the spring of 1850. The road was in three divisions, Upper, mines to Weatherly, six miles; Middle, Weatherly to Penn Haven, five miles; Lower, Penn Haven to East Mauch Chunk, nine miles, laid with 62 tons  of flat bar iron rail. Two years after the Hazleton Railroad opened its high-level line of 1852 (after another flood) to Penn Haven, the BMRC decided to eliminate the two inclined planes at Weatherly with legislative assent in 1853. With the purchase of the abandoned Hazleton Railroad line, plane operation ended in 1855. The new section of the Beaver Meadow had a grade of 145 feet to the mile for 1.75 miles, and 135 feet for the next 4,000 feet. The BMRC also built to Honeybrook Mines during 1855-56, thereby gaining all coal production from that mine. By  1863, the line extended to Audenreid, had five engine houses and a machine shop. Equipment consisted of nineteen locomotives, two passenger cars, one for baggage and mail, three freight and a thousand four-wheeled coal cars and 300 eight-wheeled coal cars. In delivering 1,595,729 tons of anthracite, the BMRC had operated coal trains 208,573 miles. Passenger and freight trains carrying 21,500 passengers and 15,022 tons of freight traveled 38,500 miles. Merged into the Lehigh Valley Railroad on July 8, 1864, the Beaver Meadow brought to its new owner its first coal lands. The BMRC became known as the Beaver  Meadows Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad.