Hillburn, New York
Hillburn, originally called "Woodburn" and incorporated in 1893, is a village in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States. It is located north of Suffern, east of Orange County, south of Viola, and west of Montebello. It is considered to be one of the more rural communities in Rockland County. The population was 951 at the 2010 census. History. In addition to later European-American migrants, the area was settled early by descendants of Lenape and other remnant groups, who eventually intermarried with Afro-Dutch and other ethnicities after the Revolutionary War. These multiracial  descendants were recognized in 1980 by the state as the Ramapough Mountain Indians; they also have centers of population in Mahwah and Ringwood, New Jersey, which were areas of frontier in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. For many years they lived by farming, hunting and fishing. They tended to marry within their community until the mid-twentieth century. The village of Hillburn was founded in 1893; that year the first school in Hillburn was built on a plot of ground donated by J.B. Suffern. Thurgood Marshall. In 1943, the attorney Thurgood Marshall won a disparity case regarding integration of  the schools of Hillburn, 11 years before his landmark case of "Brown v. Board of Education". He represented the village's African-American parents. In 2010, the state legislature designated May 17 as Thurgood Marshall Day in honor of his work in civil rights. Mixed-race children who lived in the town of Ramapo attended the Brook School in Hillburn, a wood structure that did not have a library, indoor bathrooms or gymnasium. The Main School was reserved for white children and included a gymnasium, a library and indoor plumbing. It is now used as the headquarters of the Suffern  Central School District. The Rockland African Diaspora Heritage Center in Pomona, New York, has an exhibit of artifacts and photographs loaned by a student who attended the Brook School. The student went on to college, and eventually taught English and history. Geography. Hillburn is adjacent to the New Jersey border, on the southeastern edge of the Ramapo Mountains. It is immediately south of Harriman and Sterling Forest state parks. The village is bisected by the Ramapo River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.89%, is water . Demographics. As of the census of 2000, there were 881 people, 273 households, and 221 families residing in the village. The population density was 395.5 people per square mile (152.5/km). There were 290 housing units at an average density of 130.2 per square mile (50.2/km). The racial makeup of the village was 49.04% white, 11.12% African American, 14.42% Native American, 4.31% Asian, 0.68% Pacific Islander, 2.38% from other races, and 18.05% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.56% of the population. There were 273 households, out of which 39.6% had children under  the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 24.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.7% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.58. In the village, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of  age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.8 males. The median income for a household in the village was $54,625, and the median income for a family was $56,875. Males had a median income of $36,591 versus $30,000 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,516. About 10.7% of families and 14.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 17.3% of those age  65 or over. Education. The village of Hillburn is located within the Suffern Central School District, and is where the district's administrative building is located. Students from grades K-5 are zoned to Montebello Elementary School in Suffern, NY Students in grades 6-8 are zoned to Suffern Middle School, and high school students are zoned to Suffern High School.