Commercialization of the Internet
Commercialization of internet refers to managing or running online services principally for financial gain. Commercialization of the internet brought the digital world to the masses. Early history (1988-1993). The commercialization of the Internet began modestly with gateways between commercial services and the global Internet. Early examples include Usenet at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University in the early 1980's, which as a decentralized system of online discussion groups, downloading the information the users wanted. Another example would be a relay between Compuserve and the NSFNET in July 1989 at  Ohio State University and a commercial Internet e-mail exchange in the UK in 1988. NSFNET was a three-layer network that acted as a backbone for much of the internet's infastructure. Originally funded by the government, NSFNET was a big leap into the future which allowed networks to run smoothly. It allowed people to view pages without any cost to institutions. In 1992, interested entrepreneurs who believed there was money to be made from the Internet petitioned Congress to get the government out of the way of NSFNET. UUNET was the first company to sell commercial TCP/IP , first to government-approved corporations in November 1988 and then actively to the public starting in January 1990, albeit only to the NSFNET backbone with their approval. Barry Shein's The World STD was selling dial-up Internet on a legally questionable basis starting in late 1989 or early 1990, and then on an approved basis by 1992. He claims to be and is generally recognized as the first to ever think of selling dial-up Internet access for money. The High Performance Computing Act of 1991 put U.S. government money behind the National Information Infrastructure, the National Research and  Education Network (NREN), the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, and more. Internet becomes a true commercial medium (1994-present). Although the Internet infrastructure was mostly privately owned by 1993, the lack of security in the protocols made doing business and obtaining capital for commercial projects on the Internet difficult. Additionally, the legality of Internet business was still somewhat grey, though increasingly tolerated, which prevented large amounts of investment money from entering the medium. This changed with the NSFNET selling its assets in 1995 and the December 1994 release of Netscape Navigator, whose HTTPS secure protocol permitted relatively safe transfer of  credit and debit card information. This along with the advent of user-friendly Web browsers and ISP portals such as America Online, along with the disbanding of the NSFNET in 1995 is what led to the corporate Internet and the dot com boom of the late 1990s. The commercialization of the Internet is going so well due to four main reasons. First, the academic model could easily migrate into business operations without requiring additional providers. Second, it is feasible for entrepreneurs to learn and gain benefits without too many technical and operational challenges. Thirdly, customizing internet access is widespread through  many different locations, circumstances, and users. Fourth, the Internet Access industry is still growing and provides a lot of opportunities for further research and practice. Personalization on the Internet. The commercialization of the Internet has allowed personalized experiences for consumers, which in turn provides companies and marketers with data that helps them make inferences about the behavioral patterns and actions of the consumer. The personalization of the Internet follows a typical cycle of product purchases, which includes steps such as personalized searches, personalized recommendations, and personalized price and promotions. Advertising on the Internet. Commercial sites' commercialization of the internet has  and will continue shifting and adapting according to the culture of the growing internet population. Targeted advertising can take on any form, on various platforms, directed toward different subgroups.