Louis Viardot
Louis Viardot (; 31 July 1800 in Dijon, France5 May 1883 in Paris, France) was a French writer, art historian, art critic, theatrical figure, and translator. As a translator, he mostly contributed to the development of Russian and Spanish literature in France. He was the older brother of the artist Léon Viardot (1805-1900). Biography. Viardot was born in a provincial family, his father was a liberal lawyer from Dijon. His father died early and left his wife with five children in poverty. Viardot had to make his own way. His first job was as a bar trail then  he worked as a journalist. When Viardot was 18 years old, he left Dijon to study law in Paris. When he was in Paris in 1823, he started his job as a journalist. When he was twenty-three years old, he joined the french army and was deployed to Spain, during which the French army restored the monarchy there. He learned Spanish and acquainted himself with the country's history and culture. Subsequently he translated the Miguel de Cervantes novel "Don Quixote" into French. George Sand and Viardot family. Viardot worked for the newspaper "Le Globe" (1828) alongside Pierre Leroux , who introduced him to George Sand. In 1836 Viardot, who was already a friend of the artist Ary Scheffer, served as the attorney of Maria Malibran and managed her affairs. Her marriage with Eugene Malibran was terminated in 1836 with his help. Maria Malibran was the oldest sister of his future spouse Pauline Garcia (1821-1910). 1836 г. Pauline Garcia, sister of Maria Malibran, met George Sand in 1836. Due to George Sand already knowing Louis Viardot, Louis Viardot and his friend Ary Scheffer met Pauline Garcia, the sister of Maria Malibran and future wife of Louis, in 1836. In  1838, after the fire in the Théâtre italien in Paris (Salle Favare), Louis together with Robert, served as the director of the theater. Viardot married Pauline Garcia on 16 April 1840. He was twenty-one years older than his wife and loved her until his death. He had Republican political views, did not believe in God, loved hunting and hunting dogs. He said that he had uttered the words "Long live the king!" only once, when he had received an invitation to a Royal hunt. He abandoned the position of director of the Théâtre italien in Paris, to devote himself  to the career of his wife, and would follow her on her tours. In 1841, Louis Viardot, together with Pierre Leroux and George Sand, founded the socialist newspaper "La Revue Indépendante", which was published for a short period. Ary Scheffer and Viardot family. Scheffer and Viardot were familiar and friendly in the 1830s, before Viardot's marriage. They were friends when Viardot defended the interests of Maria Malibran, the sister of his future wife, and George Sand during the trial in 1836. At one point, Viardot's younger brother, the artist Léon Viardot, studied under Scheffer. At various times Maurice  Sand, Ary Scheffer, Charles Gounod, Hector Berlioz were in relationships with Pauline Viardot. In their letters they claimed that they were in love with her. She wrote in one letter: The "evil tongues" connected the birth of the daughter Claudia (Claudie) in the Viardot family with the name of Gounod and said that he was the father of Claudia, who was born on 20 May 1852. The oldest daughter Louise was ten years older than the new born Claudie. Whether Gounod is father of Claudie or not remains a mystery. Scheffer was a confidant of Pauline Viardot and a friend  of Viardot family all his life. In 1874, Viardot was paralyzed by a stroke and remained housebound until his death in 1883.