Frederik Hendrik Kaemmerer
Frederik Hendrik Kaemmerer (23 October 1839, The Hague - 4 April 1902, Paris) was a Dutch painter. He originally worked in the Romantic and Academic styles, but later became an Impressionist. Biography. He began his artistic studies at the Royal Academy of Art with Salomon Verveer, who taught in the Romantic tradition. His early works were mostly landscapes in the style of the Hague School. His first solo exhibition was in 1861 in Rotterdam. In 1865, attracted by new trends in art, he went to Paris and enrolled at the Académie des Beaux-Arts, where he studied with  Jean-Léon Gérôme and switched to a more Academic style. For a time, he specialized in French genre scenes set in the 18th century, featuring elegant ladies with courteous men. In 1870, he held his first exhibition at the Salon and won a medal there in 1874. He established a studio in Paris and became a client of Goupil & Cie, but frequently returned to The Hague with friends and would stay at a seaside hotel in Scheveningen. It was during these stays that he began his transition to Impressionism; inspired by the effects of sunlight on the water and the  fleeting changes of light and shadow on the sand. His work in this style proved to be successful, both in France and the Netherlands and he was awarded a silver medal at the Exposition Universelle (1889). After 1891, he worked as an illustrator for Elsevier; contributing to their "Neerland's Pen en Stift" series ("Dutch literature illustrated by Dutch artists"). His first drawings appeared in "Eene Illuzie", a collection of stories by Louis Couperus. He apparently committed suicide at his studio in Paris. His works are in museums throughout France and the Netherlands, as well as in Munich and the  Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, Massachusetts.