China–Spain relations
China–Spain relations have existed since the 16th century. Relations between Spain and the People's Republic of China were established in 1973. History. Contact between China and Spain first occurred between the Ming dynasty of China and the Spanish-ruled Philippines. Spain fantasised taking over China."[When?]" When the Chinese pirate Limahong attacked Manila in 1574, officials in Fujian Province were willing to let the Spanish establish a trade port on an island south of Xiamen, in return for Limahong's capture. However, the governor of the Philippines did not respond favourably, and the offer came  to nothing when Limahong escaped from Manila. In 1598, Cantonese officials allowed Spain to trade in El Piñal, a port in the Pearl River Delta near Macau. The Portuguese in Macau reacted violently and chased away the Spanish from the area by arms in 1600. The Qing dynasty and Spain had diplomatic relations. In 1927, a treaty recognising extraterritoriality was signed between the Kingdom of Spain and Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government. The Spanish consul general in Shanghai was also the minister plenipotentiary to China. The Republic of China had diplomatic relations with Spain under Francisco Franco. Francoist Spain 's relations with the People's Republic of China began in 1973 after both countries were still reeling from the aftermath of civil wars. Relations have gradually improved, with official state visits and various exchanges. Spain hosted Expo 2008, with China being a participant, and China hosted Expo 2010 in which Spain had a pavilion. Bilateral relations. The volume of trade between the two countries has grown considerably in recent years. Total trade, at US$7.2 billion in 2004, had increased to $22.7 billion by October 2008. As a consequence, China has become Spain's sixth-largest trading partner . Spain held the rotating EU presidency from Jan 1 to June 30, 2010, and it indicated that it would support a lift in the EU arms embargo to boost two-way trade because in 2008, China's exports to the EU were 248 billion euros ($357 billion), but imports were only 78 billion euros. This could improve trade between the EU and China by allowing China to import higher technology goods for which the Europeans are known. In July 2019, the UN ambassadors from 22 nations, including Spain, signed a joint letter to the UNHRC condemning China's alleged  mistreatment of the Uyghurs as well as of other minority groups and urged the Chinese government to close the Xinjiang re-education camps. Trade. While most cargoes are shipped between China and Europe (including Spain) by sea, there are direct container trains running from Yiwu (Zhejiang Province) to Madrid as well. During the Coronavirus crisis it was reported in April 2020, that 640,000 Antigen Coronavirus Test Kits which themselves were replacements for previously supplied faulty kits, bought from a Chinese company 'Bioeasy' had been found to be defective, prompting Spain to seek a refund. The Spanish Health Ministry reported that  faulty face masks bought from another Chinese company 'Garry Galaxy' had resulted in infections among health workers, requiring the isolation of over a thousand Spanish healthcare personnel.