Ibrahim Najjar
Ibrahim Najjar is a lawyer, a professor of law, a Lebanese politician and a former Justice minister (2008–2011). Early life and education. Najjar was born the 2nd September 1941 in Tripoli, North Lebanon, and is an adherent of the Greek Orthodox Church. After high school at St. Joseph's College Antoura and the French Lycée in Beirut, he studied at the Université Saint-Joseph in Beirut and in France. Ibrahim Najjar is the author of a thesis (1966) on the "potestative rights" in the French law, and of two major law books on Family laws (Successions, wills and  gifts) in Lebanon, together with a law Dictionary (French Arabic and Arabic French). In 2016 Ibrahim Najjar published three law books on French private law and Lebanese law studies.In 2018, Najjar published "A letter to Ibrahim" and another book on his experience as minister of justice ("At The Justice Ministry", 2019). In October 2019 a new edition of the Najjar's "Family Patrimonial Rights" are published in two volumes: "The Gifts. The Theory. The donations. The Wills", and "The Matrimonial Right - The Successions" with an important updates. Career and views. Najjar is close to the March 14 movement. He  was formerly a Kataeb party senior official; he founded and presided its students bureau in early 1960s. He was the head of the Kataeb's Koura district bureau from 1973 to 1978. He was member of the Constitutional reform Committee, in his capacity as representative of the Lebanon Phalanges Party (year 1985). This Committee achieved in setting the Lebanese Constitution first part titled “Fundamental Provisions” that was adopted in the constitutional reform of 1990. Since 1966, Najjar is also a law professor at Saint Joseph University. His numerous writings in the famous Dalloz Encyclopedia, the Dalloz Bulletin and the French  Revue Trimestrielle de droit civil are well known. Najjar is the owner and editor of The Lebanese Review of Arab And International Arbitration since 1996; he also publishes the Saint Joseph Faculty of Law Journal, Proche Orient Etudes Juridiques, since 1975. The National medal for Human rights was attributed to Najjar in 2010 after his draft law to abolish death penalty in Lebanon. Najjar was also elected to get the Medal of honor of the St Joseph University. In June 2013, he was made Officer of the Legion of Honor by the French President of Republic; in July 2015 he  was granted the decoration of Commandor of the Spanish order of Isabella the Catholic. Since October 2, 2017, Najjar is vice president of the International Commission against the Death Penalty. Since June 29, 2016, Najjar is emeritus professor at the Faculty of Law of the Saint Joseph University, Lebanon. In June 2017 he was appointed as President of the Disciplinary Board of the Special Tribunal For Lebanon for a period of two years. This appointment was renewed for a period of two years starting June 21, 2019. In 2018, he founds an NGO "Ibrahim Najjar For Culture and Freedom” to  promote the restoration of the rule of law and an education focused on the freedom and fundamental human rights. Najjar was appointed minister of justice on July 2008 to the cabinet headed by then prime minister Fouad Siniora. In November 2009, he was again named minister of Justice in the cabinet led by then prime minister Saad Hariri. His term of three years at the ministry of Justice is considered one of the most fruitful period for the judiciary and the promotion of draft laws in many fields (arbitrary detention, human rights, successions and wills, Lebanese citizenship for the generations  of Lebanese ascent, the transformation of the justice ministry into a ministry for freedom and human rights). Moreover, two major judiciary permutations were conducted by him in 2009 and 2010 after having been frozen for several years, and the judges’ remunerations were almost doubled in 2011 in order to upgrade their status. Najjar's tenure ended in June 2011, and was succeeded by Shakib Qortbawi as justice minister. References. Principal Publications - “The Effects of Marriage on the Nationality of the Spouse in Lebanese Law,” doctoral thesis for the D.E.S. 1964 (typed). St. Joseph University, Beirut, published in part in Studies  in Lebanese Law, 1965, p. 437. - “The Law of Option, contribution to the study of the potestative right and unilateral act,” foreword by Pierre Raynaud, LG.D.J. 1967. Work commissioned by the Faculty of Law, Paris, and published with the support of C.N.R.S. (thesis held in Paris on the 22nd of June 1966). - “Libéralités” First Edition 1973 – Foreword Louis Boyer (6th ed. - 2020). - “Matrimonial Law - Successions”. Foreword Pierre Catala, (5th ed- 2020).. - “Legal Dictionary” (French-Arabic), by I. Najjar, Y. Chellelah and M.Z. Badaoui. Librairie du Liban Publishers, 8th ed. - “Option Contracts. The formation of the final contract and pre-contracts ,” P.O.E. J., 1988-1990, p. 9 ff. (first part of a Civil law course, Paris 2, 1988, 1989). - 7 to 10 - Acts of Gratuitous Title, Dalloz-Delta ed., 2000, grouping together the four following chronicles: - Gift,” in Encyclopedia Dalloz, Civil Law, 1991 (updated in April 2002 and February 2008) -“Gift between Spouses,” in Encyclopedia Dalloz, Civil Law, 1993 (updated 2004). -“Covenants regarding future succession,” in Encyclopedia Dalloz, Civil Law, 1994 (updated in 2003, 2007 and 2020). -“Disposition of gratuitous title,” in Encyclopedia Dalloz, Repertoire of Civil Law, 1999 (updated in 2006 . - “Fiduciary Contracts” (law 520/96), in Arabic 1997. - “Chronicles of  Private Lebanese Law” (1967-2000), foreword by Jean Carbonnier, foreword by Francois Terré (2001) - “Irrevocable proxy” (in Arabic 2003) - « The rule of the law dedicated to the person» (3 Books) “French private law studies” (in French) “Lebanese private law studies » (in French), « Lebanese Law studies » (in Arabic).2016. - “At the Ministry of Justice”. (in Arabic, 2019)