New Central Polish Airport
The Solidarity Transport Hub or Central Communication/Transport Port (, "CPK") is a megaproject of the Government of Poland aimed at the construction of a new, built-from-scratch airport to be located approximately southwest of Warsaw, which is planned to replace Warsaw Chopin Airport, which is slowly starting to get surrounded by urban areas. The English name "Solidarity Transport Hub Poland" is proposed for the project by its website. The planned launch of the port is June 2027. At first the airport is to have two runways (4000 m × 45 m), but ultimately four. The  combined airport and train station will plan to serve 40 million passengers per year - around the scale of Berlin Brandenburg Airport - and ultimately around 100 million passengers. Planned train connections will take 15 minutes to Warsaw Central railway station, 25 minutes to Łódź Fabryczna railway station, and 2 hours to most other major Polish cities, such as Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań and Gdańsk. The construction of a high-speed train to Frankfurt (Oder) is also planned, which is to shorten the travel time on the Berlin - CPK route below 3.5 hours. Location. The airport's planned site is about 40km  west of Warsaw, next to the village Stanisławów which is part of Gmina Baranów in Grodzisk Mazowiecki County. The Baranow commune occupies a significant part of the Grodzisk County and, despite its rural character, has an extensive road infrastructure. The A2 autostrada and railway lines run in the immediate vicinity of the potential construction site, and Wrocław (Expressway S8) and Poznań (national road No. 92) is nearby. The choice of the location was made after a number of areas were examined. Before recommending Baranów, the Arup consulting company analyzed a list of potential locations, including: Modlin, Wołomin, Sochaczew, Mszczonów, Babsk , Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą, Grójec and Radom-Sadków. Experts took into account the distance from Warsaw, transport accessibility, land accessibility and environmental restrictions, including noise levels. Analyses showed that Baranów offers an optimal location for the project. History. Discussion about a new airport to replace Warsaw Chopin Airport began in the 2000s. On May 12, 2005, the Civil Aviation Office signed a contract with the Spanish consortium Ineco-Sener to carry out a feasibility study of the central airport. Such a study was nevertheless not actually carried out during the next two years, which was interpreted as a sign that  the project of a new big central airport was being postponed until an indeterminate future. Nevertheless, a new airport serving Warsaw was proposed in the government's Transport Infrastructure Development Strategy for 2010–2013. After the Law and Justice party regained power in Poland the project gained pace, with the government approving the plan in November 2017. On June 17, 2018, the residents of the district of Baranów, Grodzisk Mazowiecki County voted down the plan to build the new airport. With 47 percent voter turnout, 84 percent opposed the plan. The referendum was not binding, but Deputy Infrastructure Minister Mikołaj Wild  said that the voice of the public would be taken under consideration. In June 2019, the British Embassy in conjunction with the Solidarity Transport Hub Company held architectural workshops, inviting well-known architectural firms to share their preliminary concepts for what the project might look like. The studies are meant to serve as inspiration in preparing the master plan, and the investor is not obliged to use any of the designs. Terminal concepts were prepared by six top-name design studios: Foster+Partners, Grimshaw, Chapman Taylor, Zaha Hadid Architects, Benoy, Pascall+Watson: