North American Lutheran Church
The North American Lutheran Church (NALC) is a Lutheran denomination with over 420 congregations in the United States and Canada, counting more than 142,000 baptized members. The NALC believes all doctrines should and must be judged by the teaching of the Christian Scriptures (the Bible), in keeping with the historic Lutheran Confessions. It was established on August 27, 2010. The group describes itself as embodying the "theological center of Lutheranism in North America," noting that it stands between the more liberal Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and the more conservative Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS ) and other Lutheran church bodies in North America, "firmly within the global Lutheran mainstream". History. The North American Lutheran Church was officially formed in August 2010 as the culmination of a process begun by Lutheran CORE (Coalition for Renewal), an organization which crosses Lutheran denominational lines. This action came in response to the dissatisfaction of theological conservatives within the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (ELCIC) who perceived the ELCA/ELCIC as moving away from the authority of the Bible and the Lutheran Confessions. The primary issue of concern for these groups was  a 2009 decision by the ELCA which changed its teaching and policy on sexual ethics, allowing clergy / ministers to be in committed same-sex relationships. Following Lutheran CORE's national convocation in September 2009, which resolved to pursue the "reconfiguration of North American Lutheranism", the organization's leaders released a plan for organizing the North American Lutheran Church on February 18, 2010.<ref name="Vision/Plan">"A Vision and Plan for The North American Lutheran Church and Lutheran CORE, a Community of Confessing Lutherans" , Lutheran CORE, February 18, 2010. Accessed October 27, 2011.</ref> It was felt that a new church body was  needed for those Lutheran congregations who declined to join already existing conservative Lutheran groups established earlier in American history or upon earlier Lutheran denominational mergers or splits in 1960, 1962, and 1988. The new church was constituted in Grove City, Ohio, at the Lutheran CORE national convocation of August 26–27, 2010. The convocation was attended by approximately 1,000 participants, including representatives of several conservative American or international denominations, such as the Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ, the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania, and the Anglican Church in North America. A constitution was adopted  and provisional leaders were elected, including the Rev. Paull Spring of State College, Pennsylvania, a retired ELCA bishop, to serve as provisional bishop of the NALC for its first year. The congregations that joined the NALC elected their own leaders at the church body's first annual meeting on August 11–12, 2011, at Upper Arlington Lutheran Church in Hilliard, Ohio. The Rev. John Bradosky of Centerville, Ohio, NALC General Secretary, was elected as bishop of the NALC at that meeting to serve a four-year term. During the NALC's 2015 Annual Convocation in Dallas, Texas, he was re-elected  to a second four-year term. In 2018, Bradosky announced his intention to retire at the end of his second term. On August 9, 2019, the Rev. Dr. Dan Selbo, pastor of St. Timothy's Lutheran Church in San Jose, California, was elected and installed as the third bishop of the NALC. Beliefs. The North American Lutheran Church understands itself to be part of the one holy, catholic, and apostolic church and holds that the Scriptures are the highest standard by which doctrine and practice are to be judged. It accepts the ecumenical creeds and the Lutheran Confessions as "true  witnesses to the Word of God". Core Values. The North American Lutheran Church holds to four core values that shape its identity and church life: "Christ Centered", "Mission Driven", "Traditionally Grounded", and "Congregationally Focused": Doctrine. The North American Lutheran Church ordains "qualified persons, both men and women", to the ordained ministry of Word and Sacrament. Men and women are able to serve in every office of the church, including that of bishop. The Joint Commission on Theology and Doctrine of the NALC and Lutheran CORE endorsed a pro-life stance on abortion in the document "The Lord Is with You  – A Word of Counsel to the Church – The Sanctity of Nascent Life, on December 14, 2012. The North American Lutheran Church became associated with Lutherans For Life, the pro-life ministry of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, for the promotion of pro-life activism. The North American Lutheran Church officially disapproves of homosexual relationships and same-sex marriage. Bishop John Bradosky joined other religious leaders in the open letter, "Marriage and Religious Freedom: Fundamental Goods That Stand or Fall Together – An Open Letter from Religious Leaders in the United States to All Americans", released on January 12, 2012, on his  support for the protection of marriage as the union between a man and a woman and in opposition to same-sex marriage. John Bradosky was one of the signers, among other American religious leaders, of the open letter "Free Exercise on Religion: Putting Beliefs into Practice", expressing his support for the Roman Catholic Church in her opposition to the HHS mandate. Structure. The membership of the North American Lutheran Church is composed of congregations and ordained pastors who have subscribed to the NALC constitution. Provided that member congregations' beliefs and practices are compatible with the NALC, congregations can simultaneously affiliate  with other Lutheran church bodies. Ministers and elected lay delegates represent their congregations in the annual convocation. This body elects the bishop, executive council, and other leadership positions. It also approves budgetary items and teaching statements. Certain actions of the convocation, such as constitutional amendments and teaching statements, must first be ratified by a majority or, in some cases, a two-thirds majority of NALC congregations before they take effect. The North American Lutheran Church is divided into 28 mission districts, usually based on geographical groupings of congregations. Regional deans, who may also serve as pastors of local congregations, work  with the bishop to provide oversight and pastoral care to pastors and congregations within their mission districts. The bishop is an ordained minister elected by the convocation. The bishop serves as "pastor for the pastors and congregations of the NALC" and as the church's chief executive officer. Together with the executive council, the bishop authorizes all ordinations and conducts the rite of ordination. The bishop serves for a four-year term and is eligible to serve for a maximum of three consecutive terms. The general secretary is appointed by the bishop and confirmed by the executive council. This officer  manages the day-to-day administrative functions of the NALC. The executive council consists of the bishop, four clergy and four lay members. Its duties include implementing the work and policies of the NALC in between sessions of convocation, and its actions are subject to review by the convocation. A seven-member Court of Adjudication, elected by the annual convocation, has jurisdiction to decide appeals of church disciplinary actions and has authority to interpret church governing documents. The convocation can overturn the court's interpretation of a governing document by amending the document in question. Mission districts. The North American  Lutheran Church is divided into the following 28 Mission Districts: Relations with other churches. The NALC Convocation, held in August 2011, approved unanimously the establishment of a full communion relationship with the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. A "Memorandum of Understanding" between the NALC and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania was approved at the Convocation held at August 2013, paving the way for full communion between the two churches. The NALC has established ecumenical dialogue with other Lutheran church bodies, such as the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, the Lutheran Church-Canada, and the Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ , as well as with the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Church in North America (ACNA), and the Eastern Orthodox Churches. The NALC passed a request to the Anglican Church in North America to share clergy where there were vacancies, which was accepted. In 2017, the ecumenical consultation of the ACNA and the NALC developed "Four Pastoral and Educational Affirmations" on "Baptism," "Holy Communion," "Holy Scripture," and "Jesus Christ, Gospel, and Justification." The NALC also started a seminary system called the North American Lutheran Seminary on the campus of Trinity School for Ministry, an Anglican seminary with ties to the Anglican  Church in North America. The NALC held an ecumenical summit with representatives of the Anglican Church in North America, the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, and the Lutheran Church-Canada, on May 3–5, 2013, at the Church of the Holy Communion in Dallas, Texas, on the theme of "Biblical Teaching on Marriage and Sexuality". The summit issued the joint document "An Affirmation of Marriage", signed by representatives of all the four church bodies, which defined the institution of marriage as the unity between a man and a woman. At its 2012 Convocation, the North American Lutheran Church approved, by the required  majority of two thirds of the voters, a resolution to seek membership in the Lutheran World Federation. The application request was not approved by the LWF, remaining in a pending decision, according to a letter issued at May 2014, despite the support of the Lutheran Churches of Ethiopia and Tanzania. The NALC is considering possible associate membership in the International Lutheran Council. In 2015, the NALC met with leaders of Lutheran churches from over a dozen nations around the world for a gathering which would later be called the Global Confessional and Missional Lutheran Forum (Global Forum). In September 2018 , the Global Forum met again in Bishoftu, Ethiopia, and on Reformation Day (October 31) they released a letter to the Lutheran worldwide community of churches, referred to as the “Bishoftu Letter to the Churches.” The forum referred to this letter as "a summary and clarification of the teachings that are our biblical and confessional heritage" and "an invitation to Lutherans worldwide to confess, repent, be renewed, reformed and refocused by the Word of God, that together we may be a witness to the world, bringing others to Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior". The letter also serves as a response  to "certain errors that have recently arisen among and within certain churches of the Lutheran confession".