Nemo iudex in causa sua
Nemo judex in causa sua (or "nemo judex in sua causa") is a Latin phrase that means, literally, "no-one is judge in his own cause." It is a principle of natural justice that no person can judge a case in which they have an interest. In many jurisdictions the rule is very strictly applied to any appearance of a possible bias, even if there is actually none: "Justice must not only be done, but must be seen to be done". This principle may also be called: The legal effect of a breach of natural  justice is normally to stop the proceedings and render any judgment invalid; it should be quashed or appealed, but may be remitted for a valid re-hearing. The phrase is credited to Sir Edward Coke in the seventeenth century, but has also been attested as early as 1544.