Ems-Supérieur
Ems-Supérieur (, "Upper Ems"; ) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany. It was formed in 1811, when the region was annexed by France. Its territory was part of the present-day German lands Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. Its capital was Osnabrück. The department was subdivided into the following arrondissements and cantons (situation in 1812): Its population in 1812 was 415,018. After Napoleon was defeated in 1814, most of the department became part of the Kingdom of Hanover.