Iván Erőd
Iván Erőd ( ; 2 January 1936 – 24 June 2019; sometimes spelled "Eröd") was a Hungarian-Austrian composer and pianist. Educated in Budapest, he emigrated to Austria in 1956, where he studied at the Vienna Music Academy. He was successful as a pianist and composer of operas, chamber music and much more, with elements from serialism, Hungarian folk music and jazz. He first was a professor of music theory and composition at the University of Music in Graz (1967–1989), then a professor of composition at the Vienna Music Academy from 1989. Career. Born in Budapest, Erőd studied at the Franz  Liszt Academy of Music with Pál Kadosa (piano) and Ferenc Szabó (composition). He emigrated to Austria in 1956 and studied there at the Vienna Music Academy, with Richard Hauser (piano) and Karl Schiske (composition). He received diplomas in piano and composition in 1961. He took several summer classes at the Darmstädter Ferienkurse, studying with Eduard Steuermann and Luigi Nono. In 1960 he launched a career as a pianist, playing in Europe and the Near East. From 1962–1968 he was a solo répétiteur at the Wiener Staatsoper and the Wiener Festwochen. From 1967 to 1989 he taught music theory and composition  at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Graz, and later taught at the Vienna Music Academy, first as a guest teaching "Tonsatz" (harmony and counterpoint), and from 1989 as a professor. His students included Georg Friedrich Haas, Gerhard Präsent and Johannes Maria Staud. Life. Erőd's brother and grandparents were murdered at Auschwitz in 1944. He fled Hungary after the events of 1956. He married in 1969 and had five children, among them Adrian, a baritone, and Leonard, a bassoonist at the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra. He died of complications from a stroke in Vienna on 24 June 2019 . Works. Stylistically, Erőd's music was initially influenced by Hungarians such as Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály. Before his emigration and during his studies in Vienna, he was interested in the dodecaphony of the "Second Viennese School", and serialism. His wind trio, op. 4 (1957, revised 1987), and his "Ricercare ed Aria", op. 11 for wind quartet (1965) are based on twelve-tone scales, as is his first opera, "Das Mädchen, der Matrose und der Student" (The Girl, the Sailor and the Student, 1960). He began composing his second opera "Die Seidenraupen" (The Silkworms) in 1964 and completed it in  1968, when it was successfully premiered during the Wiener Festwochen at the Theater an der Wien with singers Jeannette Pilou and Oskar Czerwenka. The composer describes the work as being based on three scales, for the three main characters, which are derived from each other and sometimes combined in a way leading to tonality. His first violin sonata, op. 14 (1969/70), was a return to a "new tonality", incorporating Hungarian and "gypsy" elements. He dedicated "Milchzahnlieder" (Baby Tooth Songs) for soprano and chamber orchestra, op. 17 (1973), and "Krokodilslieder" (Crocodile Songs), for baritone and chamber orchestra, op. 28 (1979), to  his five children. Erőd composed orchestral works, such as a violin concerto, op. 15 (1973), a viola concerto, op. 30 (1979/80), a cello concerto, op. 80, premiered 2005 at the festival styriarte, a clarinet concerto, op. 88 (2011), as well as a double concerto for clarinet and bassoon, op. 72 (1999), "Soirées imaginaires", op. 38 (1981), the "Symphonie "From the Old World"", op. 67 (1995). and the 2nd Symphonie, op. 75 (2001). His children's opera "Pünktchen und Anton", based on a popular novel by Erich Kästner from 1931, was first given in 2010 at the Children's Opera Tent  of the Vienna State Opera. Oper Köln (Cologne Opera) presented the first performance in Germany in February, 2021, following Covid-19 protocols required at the time. The Oper Köln performance was video-recorded and streamed. His chamber music includes three string quartets, op. 18, 26 and 78, two string sextets, op. 45 and 68, and "Bukolika" for chamber ensemble, op. 64 (1994), on Hungarian rural life. His first piano trio, op. 21, was written in 1976, his second trio op. 42 in 1982; he wrote a trio for clarinet, violin and piano op. 59 – commissioned by the Verdehr Trio – in 1991 , as well as a piano quartet op. 54 in 1987; the two sonatas for violin and piano op. 14 (1970) and op. 74 (2000) are among the most popular of his works. He composed lieder, such as "Canti di Ungaretti" (1988) and "Vier Gesänge" op. 44. The song cycle "Über der Asche zu singen", op. 65 (1994) reflects his family's persecution when he was a child. In the 1970s and 1980s he was influenced by Jazz and Blues, which shows in his piano concerto, op. 19, in the second piano trio, op. 42 (1981/82), and in the "Minnesota Sinfonietta  op. 51. Some of his vocal works are more serious, such as the Vier Gesänge", op. 44 (1983), the song cycle "Schwarzerde" (Black Soil) for baritone and orchestra, op. 49 (1984/85), and the cantata "Vox Lucis" (Voice of the Light), op. 56 (1988/89).