Attercopus
Attercopus is an extinct genus of arachnids, containing one species Attercopus fimbriunguis, known from flattened cuticle fossils from the Panther Mountain Formation in Upstate New York. It is placed in the extinct order Uraraneida, spider-like animals able to produce silk, but which lacked true spinnerets and retained a segmented abdomen bearing a flagellum-like tail resembling that of a whip scorpion. They are thought to be close to the origins of spiders. Its name is taken from the English dialect word "attercop" ("spider"), which came from ' ("poison-head"), from ' ("poison"), itself drawn from the Proto-Germanic "*aitra-" ("poisonous  ulcer") and "kopp-" ("head"). An important Early Devonian (about ) fossil example from Gilboa, New York, was originally described as a member of the extinct order Trigonotarbida and named "Gelasinotarbus? fimbriunguis". It was later assigned to a new genus "Attercopus" and reinterpreted as the oldest, and most primitive, example of a true spider (Araneae). This hypothesis was based on the supposed presence of unique spider features such as silk-producing spinnerets and the opening of a venom gland on the fang of the chelicera. Further study – based on new fossils from a comparable Devonian locality called South Mountain – and comparison with  other material from the Permian of Russia, i.e., of "Permarachne", indicates that "Attercopus" does not actually have spinnerets. The feature which looked like a tubular spinneret is actually a folded sheet of cuticle. It would, however, have produced silk from a series of silk gland openings, or spigots, located across plates on the underside of the abdomen. The opening for the venom gland is also a misinterpretation. A segmented tail, or flagellum, also belonged to this animal. It seems unlikely that "Attercopus" spun webs, but it may have used its silk to wrap eggs, lay draglines or construct burrow walls . "Attercopus fimbriunguis" is not a spider, but it is probably close to the type of animals which did give rise to modern spiders today.