Margaret Busby
Margaret Yvonne Busby, , Hon. FRSL (born 1944), also known as Nana Akua Ackon, is a Ghanaian-born publisher, editor, writer and broadcaster, resident in the UK. She was Britain's youngest and first black female book publisher when in the 1960s she co-founded with Clive Allison (1944–2011) the London-based publishing house Allison and Busby (A & B). She edited the anthology "Daughters of Africa" (1992), and its 2019 follow-up "New Daughters of Africa". She is a recipient of the Benson Medal from the Royal Society of Literature. In 2020 she was voted one of the "100  Great Black Britons". Education and early years. Margaret Yvonne Busby was born in 1944, in Accra, Gold Coast (present-day Ghana), to Dr George Busby and Mrs Sarah Busby ("née" Christian), who both had family links to the Caribbean, particularly to Trinidad, Barbados and Dominica. Dr Busby (1899–1980) was a lifelong friend of Kwame Nkrumah's mentor George Padmore and attended school with C. L. R. James at Queen's Royal College, winning the Island Scholarship, which enabled him to travel to Britain in 1919 to study medicine. After initial studies at Edinburgh University, he transferred to University College, Dublin , to complete his medical qualifications, and then practised as a doctor in Walthamstow, East London, before relocating to settle in the Gold Coast in 1929. Through her maternal line, she is a cousin of BBC newscaster Moira Stuart, and her grandfather was George James Christian (1869–1940), a delegate at the First Pan-African Conference in London in 1900, who migrated to the Gold Coast in 1902. Her parents sent their three children to be educated in England when Busby was five. She and her sister first attended a school in the Lake District followed by Charters Towers School, an international  girls' boarding-school in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex. After passing her O-levels there aged 14, Busby left school at 15, went back to Ghana and took her A levels at 16, then spent a year at a college in Cambridge so as not to begin university too young. From the age of 17 she studied English at Bedford College (later merged with Royal Holloway College), London University, where she edited her college literary magazine as well as publishing her own poetry, and graduated with a BA Honours degree at the age of 20. She was married to British jazz  musician and educator Lionel Grigson (1942–1994). Publishing. While still at university she met her future business partner Clive Allison at a party in Bayswater Road, and they decided to start a publishing company. After graduating, Busby briefly worked at the Cresset Press – part of the Barrie Group – while setting up Allison and Busby (A & B), whose first books were published in 1967, making her the then youngest publisher as well as the first African woman book publisher in the UK – an achievement she has assessed by saying: "[I]t is easy enough to be the first, we can each try something  and be the first woman or the first African woman to do X, Y or Z. But, if it's something worthwhile you don't want to be the only. ...I hope that I can, in any way, inspire someone to do what I have done but learn from my mistakes and do better than I have done." She was Allison & Busby's Editorial Director for 20 years, publishing many notable authors including Sam Greenlee (author of "The Spook Who Sat by the Door", the first novel published by A & B, in 1969), C. L. R. James, Buchi Emecheta, Chester  Himes, George Lamming, Roy Heath, Ishmael Reed, John Edgar Wideman, Nuruddin Farah, Rosa Guy, Val Wilmer, Colin MacInnes, H. Rap Brown, Julius Lester, Geoffrey Grigson, Edward Blishen, Dermot Healy, Adrian Mitchell, Matthew Sweeney, Jill Murphy, Christine Qunta, Michael Horovitz, Alexandra Kollontai, Gordon Williams, Carlos Moore, Michèle Roberts, Molefe Pheto, Arthur Maimane, Maurice Nyagumbo, Giles Gordon, Claire Rayner, Clive Sinclair, Mineke Schipper, Chris Searle, Richard Stark, James Ellroy, Hunter S. Thompson, Margaret Thomson Davis, B. Traven, Alexis Lykiard, Tom Mallin, Jack Trevor Story, Michael Moorcock, Mervyn Peake, John Clute, Julian Savarin, Ralph de Boissière, Andrew Salkey, Harriet E. Wilson, and Miyamoto  Musashi. Busby was subsequently editorial director of Earthscan (publishing titles by Han Suyin, Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, René Dumont, Carolina Maria de Jesus, and others), before pursuing a freelance career as an editor, writer, and critic. Writing, editing and broadcasting. As a journalist, she has written for "The Guardian" (mainly book reviews or obituaries of artists and activists including Jessica Huntley, Buzz Johnson, Jayne Cortez, Jan Carew, Rosa Guy, Gwendolyn Brooks, June Jordan, Toni Cade Bambara, Florynce Kennedy, Barry Reckord, Frank Crichlow, Connie Mark, Glenn Thompson, August Wilson, Pearl Connor-Mogotsi, Geraldine Connor, Binyavanga Wainaina and bell hooks), "The Observer , The Independent", "The Sunday Times", the "New Statesman", and elsewhere, for both the general press and specialist journals. Section::::"Daughters of Africa" (1992) and "New Daughters of Africa" (2019). Busby compiled "Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent from the Ancient Egyptian to the Present" (London: Cape, 1992), described by "Black Enterprise" as "a landmark", which includes contributions in a range of genres by more than 200 women. Widely reviewed on publication, it is now characterised as containing work by "the matriarchs of African literature. They pioneered 'African' writing, in which they were  not simply writing stories about their families, communities and countries, but they were also writing themselves into the African literary history and African historiography. They claimed space for women storytellers in the written form, and in some sense reclaimed the woman's role as the creator and carrier of many African societies' narratives, considering that the traditional storytelling session was a women's domain." Busby edited a 2019 follow-up volume entitled "New Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Writing by Women of African Descent" (first published by Myriad Editions in the UK), featuring another 200-plus writers from  across the African diaspora. A reviewer in "The Irish Times" commented: "Sometimes you need an anthology to remind you of the variety, strength and nuance of writing among a certain region or group of people. "New Daughters of Africa" is indispensable because African voices have been silenced or diminished throughout history, and women's voices even more so." Connected with the 2019 anthology, the "Margaret Busby "New Daughters of Africa" Award" was announced by the publisher, in partnership with SOAS, University of London, that will benefit an African woman student, covering tuition fees and accommodation at International Students House, London . The first recipient of the award, Kenyan student Idza Luhumyo, began her course in autumn 2020. Other book work. Busby has contributed to books including "" (eds Sarah LeFanu and Stephen Hayward, 1990), "Mothers: Reflections by Daughters" (ed. Joanna Goldsworthy, 1995), "IC3: The Penguin Book of New Black Writing in Britain" (eds Kadija Sesay and Courttia Newland, 2000), "Why 2K? Anthology for a New Era" (2000), "The Legacy of Efua Sutherland" (2007), "Essays in Honour of Ama Ata Aidoo at 70" (2012), "99 words" (ed. Liz Gray, 2011), "Black British Perspectives: A Series of Conversations on Black Art Forms" (ed . Kadija Sesay, 2011), "If I Could Tell You Just One Thing...: Encounters with Remarkable People and Their Most Valuable Advice" (by Richard Reed, 2016), "Slay in Your Lane: The Black Girl Bible" (by Elizabeth Uviebinené and Yomi Adegoke, 2018), and Chris Fite-Wassilak's "The Artist in Time" (July 2020). In 2014, Busby co-authored with Ishmahil Blagrove "Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival". Among other books for which she has written introductions or forewords are the Penguin Modern Classics edition of "A Question of Power" by Bessie Head, "Emerging Perspectives on Buchi Emecheta" (ed . Marie Umeh, 1996), "Beyond Words: South African Poetics" (with Keorapetse Kgositsile, Don Mattera, Lebo Mashile and Phillippa Yaa de Villiers, 2009), and "To Sweeten Bitter" (2017) by Raymond Antrobus. With Darcus Howe, Busby co-edited "C.L.R. James's 80th Birthday Lectures" (Race Today Publications, 1984), and she is co-editor with Beverley Mason FRSA of "No Colour Bar: Black British Art in Action 1960–1990", a 2018 publication arising out of the 2015–16 exhibition "No Colour Bar" held at the Guildhall Art Gallery. Busby was a prominent participant in the major 2019 exhibition "Get Up, Stand Up Now: Generations of Black  Creative Pioneers" at Somerset House, and contributed an introductory essay for the catalogue, as well as participating in events there. Broadcasting and dramatisations. Busby has regularly worked for radio and television since the late 1960s, when she presented the magazine programme "London Line" for the Central Office of Information, as well as "Break For Women" on the BBC African Service, and later "Talking Africa" on Spectrum Radio, in addition to appearing on a range of programmes including "Kaleidoscope", "Front Row", "Open Book", "Woman's Hour", and "Democracy Now!" (USA). Her abridgements and dramatisations for BBC Radio include books by C.  L. R. James, Jean Rhys, Wole Soyinka, Timothy Mo, Sam Selvon, Walter Mosley, Henry Louis Gates, Lawrence Scott and Simi Bedford. Busby's play based on C. L. R. James's novel "Minty Alley", and produced by Pam Fraser Solomon, was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1998, winning a Commission for Racial Equality "Race in the Media Award" (RIMA) in 1999. She was also part of Penumbra Productions, an independent production company, with other members including Horace Ové, H. O. Nazareth, Farrukh Dhondy, Mustapha Matura, Michael Abbensetts and Lindsay Barrett, among whose projects was a series of films  based on lectures by C. L. R. James in the 1980s. Her writing for the stage includes "Sankofa" (1999), "Yaa Asantewaa – Warrior Queen" (UK/Ghana, 2001–02), directed by Geraldine Connor, and "An African Cargo" (Greenwich Theatre, 2007) directed by Felix Cross for Nitrobeat. She has also been a song lyricist. In 2014, following the death of Maya Angelou, Busby scripted a major tribute entitled "Maya Angelou: A Celebration", which took place on 5 October at the Royal Festival Hall during the Southbank Centre's London Literature Festival; directed by Paulette Randall, and chaired by Jon Snow and Moira Stuart, the  celebration featured contributions from artists including Adjoa Andoh, Angel Coulby, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Nicola Hughes, Ella Odedina, NITROvox, Roderick Williams and Ayanna Witter-Johnson. In June 2021, Busby appeared on BBC Radio 4's "Desert Island Discs". Literary activism. She has worked continuously for diversity within the publishing industry, writing in a 1984 article in the "New Statesman": "Is it enough to respond to a demand for books reflecting the presence of 'ethnic minorities' while perpetuating a system which does not actively encourage their involvement at all levels? The reality is that the appearance and circulation of books supposedly produced with  these communities in mind is usually dependent on what the dominant white (male) community, which controls schools, libraries, bookshops and publishing houses, will permit." In the 1980s, she was a founding member of the organization Greater Access to Publishing (GAP), which engaged in campaigns for increased Black representation in British publishing. Other members of this multi-racial group, which held a conference in November 1987 particularly to highlight publishing as an option for Black women, included Lennie Goodings, Maggie Scott, Ros de Lanerolle, Yvonne Collymore, Paula Kahn, Toks Williams, Kothai Christie, and Jacqui Roach. Busby was the patron of Independent  Black Publishers (IBP), a trade association chaired by Verna Wilkins. The aim of IBP, as Busby was quoted as saying, was to "provide a forum for progressive black publishers to share initiatives, maximise mutual strengths and identify common difficulties, with a view to having a more effective impact on the book trade and the wider publishing industry", and in 2007 at the London Book Fair a joint IBP stand showcased the books of Bogle-L'Ouverture Press, Tamarind Books, the X Press, Ayebia Clarke Publishing, Joan Anim-Addo's Mango Press, and other ventures. In a 2012 interview with Tricia Wombell , Busby said: "It is important to document and celebrate the achievements of many of our Black creatives (…) so that they do not get written out of history simply because their importance may not be recognised by the mainstream." Busby has been a participant in numerous literary festivals and conferences internationally – in 1993, she gave the opening address at the International Book Fair of Radical Black and Third World Books – and has interviewed and been "in conversation" with such writers as Toni Morrison, Wole Soyinka, Nawal El Saadawi, Ngugi wa Thiong'o. and Ben Okri. Busby was appointed chair of the 2020  Booker Prize judges, other members of the panel including Lee Child, Sameer Rahim, Lemn Sissay, and Emily Wilson. Busby has previously judged several other literary competitions, among them the Caine Prize for African Writing, the Orange Prize, the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize, the Wasafiri New Writing Prize, the OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature, the Commonwealth Book Prize (for which she was chair of the judges in 2012), Africa39, and the Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa (chair of judges, 2018). In 2021, she served as a judge in the Trade category of the British Book Awards. She has  served on the boards or in advisory positions for other cultural organisations, including the Drum Arts Centre, The Africa Centre, London, English PEN, the Royal Literary Fund, the African & Caribbean Music Circuit, the Hackney Empire theatre, the Organization of Women Writers of Africa, the Etisalat Prize for Literature, and "Wasafiri" magazine. She is currently a trustee of jazz education organization Tomorrow's Warriors, and of Nubian Jak Community Trust, and Prize Ambassador of the SI Leeds Literary Prize. She is a patron of Friends of the Huntley Archives at London Metropolitan Archives (FHALMA), a charitable foundation building on the archival  legacy of Jessica Huntley and Eric Huntley, co-founders of the publishing house Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications. Influence and recognition. In 2018, in celebration of the 100th anniversary of women's right to vote, "The Voice" newspaper listed Margaret Busby – alongside Kathleen Wrasama, Olive Morris, Connie Mark, Fanny Eaton, Diane Abbott, Lilian Bader, and Mary Seacole – among eight Black women who have contributed to the development of Britain. "Bustle" magazine included Busby with Mary Prince, Claudia Jones, Evelyn Dove, Olive Morris, Olivette Otele, and Shirley Thompson on a list of "7 Black British Women Throughout History That Deserve To Be Household  Names In 2019". Busby was also named by the "Evening Standard" on a list of 14 "Inspirational black British women throughout history" (alongside Mary Seacole, Claudia Jones, Adelaide Hall, Olive Morris, Joan Armatrading, Tessa Sanderson, Doreen Lawrence, Maggie Aderin-Pocock, Sharon White, Malorie Blackman, Diane Abbott, Zadie Smith and Connie Mark). Also in 2018, she was among 150 "Leading Women" celebrated by the University of London to mark the 150 years since women gained access to higher education in the UK in 1868, and featured in the exhibition "Rights for Women: London's Pioneers in their Own Words" staged at  Senate House Library from 16 July to 15 December 2018. In July 2019, she was awarded the inaugural Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award, presented to her at the British Library during the Royal African Society's annual literary weekend by Ade Solanke and Diane Abbott as part of the festival headline event celebrating Busby's anthology "New Daughters of Africa". Busby is frequently cited as a pioneer in the history of Black publishers in the UK, and is acknowledged as a "pathfinder" by those who followed in her footsteps working towards making the books industry and its output more diverse , among them Bibi Bakare-Yusuf (who when speaking of founding Cassava Republic Press said: "Inspirational figures in publishing such as Margaret Busby, co-founder of Allison & Busby, were our guide"), Ellah Wakatama Allfrey, Valerie Brandes of Jacaranda Books, Sharmaine Lovegrove of Dialogue Books, and Aki Schilz of The Literary Consultancy. In UK Black History Month 2019, Zadie Smith said that Busby "has been a cheerleader, instigator, organiser, defender and celebrator of black arts for the past 50 years, shouting about us from the rooftops, even back when few people cared to listen. 'We can because she did' is a cliché  but in Margaret's case it is both true and no exaggeration. She helped change the landscape of both UK publishing and arts coverage and so many Black British artists owe her a debt. I know I do." Afua Hirsch described Busby's impact on her career by saying that "as a black woman trying to find my own voice, [Margaret] has been endlessly interested, supportive and enthusiastic about helping a generation like me find our place and our ability to make change through writing." Busby was named on the 2020 list of 100 Great Black Britons, voted on by  the public and with a scope of 400 years. In May 2021 she was announced as the recipient of the London Book Fair Lifetime Achievement Award 2021, which was presented to her by Bernardine Evaristo in September at The Hurlingham Club. She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to publishing. She was quoted in the "Hackney Gazette" as saying: "Well, I know I did not fall from the sky; whenever I am offered any such award, my accepting it is also on behalf of and to acknowledge everyone  who made me what I am, and those whom I have worked with along the way - so I gladly share this recognition with many others who deserve equally to be honoured for contributing excellence in countless spheres of work." She has been awarded a number of honorary degrees including from the Open University, SOAS, and most recently from Royal Holloway, the conferral taking place in June 2021 with the oration being given by Professor Lavinia Greenlaw.