Wau, South Sudan
Wau (Arabic: واو "Wāw"; also known as Wow, Waw, or Wau Town) is a city in northwestern South Sudan, on the western bank of the Jur River, that serves as capital for Western Bahr el Ghazal (and formerly Wau State). It lies approximately northwest of the capital Juba. A culturally, ethnically and linguistically diverse urban center and trading hub, Wau is also the former headquarters of Western Bahr el Ghazal. History. Wau was initially established by the French as Fort Desaix and later was established as a "zariba" (fortified base) by slave-traders in the 19th century . During the time of condominium rule, the city became an administrative center. During the Second Sudanese Civil War, it was a garrison town of the Khartoum-based Sudanese Armed Forces, and was the scene of extensive fighting in the spring of 1998. Battles erupted again in the town in the spring of 1980s, killing several hundred people. This forced the Dinka in Wau to sought safety in the eastern side of Wau. The Dinka were said to have migrated to the state today known as Warrap. In 2010, the Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment proposed to reshape the  city as a giraffe. South Sudanese Civil War. Following the outbreak of the South Sudanese Civil War, the town has experienced numerous clashes, massacres, and much destruction at the hands of anti-government as well as government forces. In April 2014, Nuer soldiers belonging to the local SPLA garrison mutinied after hearing of a massacre at Mapel. They clashed with SPLA loyalists, and then fled into the Bush, joining a long march of other deserters to Sudan. About 700 Nuer civilians subsequently sought protection at Wau's UNMISS base; most of them were family members of the deserted soldiers, while  others were students. In 2016, Wau experienced heavy clashes that displaced much of its Fertit population and led to widespread destruction. In April 2017, Dinka soldiers of the SPLA and Mathiang Anyoor militiamen carried out a massacre of non-Dinka civilians in the town, killing up to 50 people, and displacing thousands. Population. The population of Wau is ethnically diverse. Most of the inhabitants are Luo and Fertit, as the town lies on the tribal boundary between these two peoples. Furthermore, minorities belonging to the Dinka of Marial Baai, peoples can be found in Wau. Due to its diversity, Wau  has repeatedly suffered from ethnic violence. Demographics. In 2008, Wau was the third-largest city in South Sudan, by population, behind national capital Juba and Malakal, in Upper Nile State. At that time, the estimated population of the city of Wau was about 128,100. In 2011, the city's population was estimated at about 151,320. Religion. Its Cathedral of St. Mary (built 1905, before the erection of the former Apostolic Prefecture of Bahr el-Ghazal) is the episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wau, which serves the province's religious majority. Economy. Wau is a vibrant economic center  by the standards of the newly established Republic of South Sudan, and serves as hub for trade between Darfur, Bahr al Ghazal, and Equatoria. The major contributors to the local economy include: Geography and climate. Like other parts of South Sudan and the East Sudanian savanna, Wau has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen "Aw"), with a wet season and a dry season and the temperature being hot year-round. The average annual mean temperature is , the average annual high temperature is , while the average annual low temperature is . The hottest time of year is from March to May, just before  the wet season starts. March is the hottest month, having the highest average high at and the highest mean at . April has the highest average low at . August and July have the lowest average high at , with August having the lowest mean at . December has the lowest average low at . Wau receives of rain over 102.4 precipitation days, with a distinct wet and dry season like most tropical savanna climates. Almost no rain falls from November to March. August, the wettest month, receives of rainfall on average. September has 23.7 precipitation days, which is the most of any month. Humidity  is much higher in the wet season than the dry season, with February having a humidity at just 26% and August having a humidity at 77%. Wau receives 2777 hours of sunshine annually on average, with the sunshine being distributed fairly evenly across the year, although it is lower during the wet season. December receives the most sunshine, while July receives the least. Notable locals. Some of the notable people from Wau include