Samantha Mumba drug prior to losing its patent protection starting in 2007. In 2014, despite the introduction of abiraterone acetate in 2011 and enzalutamide in 2012, bicalutamide was still the most commonly prescribed drug in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Moreover, in spite of being off-patent, bicalutamide was said to still generate a few hundred million dollars in sales per year for AstraZeneca. Total worldwide sales of brand name Casodex were approximately US$13.4 billion as of the end of 2018. Between January 2007 and December 2009 (a period of three years), 1,232,143 prescriptions of bicalutamide were 	Bicalutamide
27215575	dispensed in the , or about 400,000 prescriptions per year. During that time, bicalutamide accounted for about 87.2% of the market, while flutamide accounted for 10.5% of it and nilutamide for 2.3% of it. Approximately 96% of bicalutamide prescriptions were written for diagnosis codes that clearly indicated neoplasm. About 1,200, or 0.1% of bicalutamide prescriptions were dispensed to pediatric patients (age 0–16). Regulation. Bicalutamide is a prescription drug. It is not specifically a controlled substance in any country and therefore is not an illegal drug. However, the manufacture, sale, distribution, and possession of prescription drugs are all still subject to legal 	Bicalutamide
27215576	regulation throughout the world. Research. Bicalutamide has been studied in combination with the 5α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride in prostate cancer. It has also been studied in combination with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), for the treatment of prostate cancer. Bicalutamide has been tested for the treatment of -positive /-negative locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer in women in a phase II study for this indication. Enzalutamide is also being investigated for this type of cancer. Bicalutamide has also been studied in a phase II clinical trial for ovarian cancer in women. Bicalutamide has been studied in 	Bicalutamide
27215577	the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a 24-week trial of 15 patients at a dosage of 50 mg/day. Prostate volume decreased by 26% in patients taking bicalutamide and urinary irritative symptom scores significantly decreased. Conversely, peak urine flow rates and urine pressure flow examinations were not significantly different between bicalutamide and placebo. The decrease in prostate volume achieved with bicalutamide was comparable to that observed with the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride, which is approved for the treatment of BPH. Breast tenderness (93%), gynecomastia (54%), and sexual dysfunction (60%) were all reported as side effects of bicalutamide 	Bicalutamide
27215578	at the dosage used in the study, although no treatment discontinuations due to adverse effects occurred and sexual functioning was maintained in 75% of patients. A phase III clinical trial of bicalutamide in combination with an ethinylestradiol-containing combined oral contraceptive for the treatment of severe hirsutism in women with was completed in Italy in 2017 under supervision of the Italian Agency for Drugs (AIFA). Antiandrogens have been suggested for treating COVID-19 in men and as of May 2020 high-dose bicalutamide is in a phase II clinical trial for this purpose. Veterinary use. Bicalutamide may be used to treat 	Bicalutamide
27215579	hyperandrogenism and associated benign prostatic hyperplasia secondary to hyperadrenocorticism (caused by excessive adrenal androgens) in male ferrets. However, it has not been formally assessed in controlled studies for this purpose. Bicalutamide Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer. It is typically used together with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or surgical removal of the testicles to treat advanced prostate cancer. To a lesser extent, it is used for early prostate cancer at a higher dosage as a monotherapy without castration. Bicalutamide is also used to 	Bicalutamide
27215580	Samantha Mumba Samantha Mumba Samantha Tamania Anne Cecilia Mumba (born 18 January 1983) is an Irish singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, fashion model and TV presenter. In 2000, at the age of 17, she shot to fame with the release of her debut single Gotta Tell You", which reached the top five in Ireland, United Kingdom and the United States. It has since been listed in "Billboard"s 100 Greatest Choruses of the 21st Century. Her album of the same name was released later that year and reached number four in Ireland and number nine in the UK. She has had seven top  five hits in Ireland and six top ten hits in the United Kingdom. Mumba has also pursued an acting career, making her film debut in the 2002 film "The Time Machine", as well as appearing in a number of Irish independent films. She returned to music in 2013, and announced plans to release a second album in 2019, however this never came to fruition. Mumba released the singles "Cool" and "Process" in 2020. Early life and education. Mumba was born in Dublin, Ireland. Her father, Peter Mumba (died March 2020) was from Zambia and was formerly an aircraft engineer; her  mother is Irish. When Mumba was 15 she was discovered on a Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ–Radio Television Ireland) talent show "Let Me Entertain You" by Irish music executive Louis Walsh (manager of Boyzone and Westlife). Walsh was impressed by her talent and she was signed to Polydor Records. Mumba subsequently spent several months moving between Denmark, Sweden, UK, and Ireland, where she co-wrote and recorded her debut album, "Gotta Tell You". She eventually dropped out of school to focus on her music career, explaining that it was becoming difficult to stay in school and work on her  music. Career. Mumba sings contralto. Her first single, "Gotta Tell You", was released in 2000 and peaked at number one in Ireland and New Zealand, number two in the UK, number three in Australia, and number four in the US, as well as reaching the top twenty in several countries across Europe. "Gotta Tell You" has since been listed in "Billboard"s 100 Catchiest Choruses of the 21st Century At the age of 17 Mumba released her debut album, "Gotta Tell You", in late 2000. The album reached the top ten in both Ireland and the UK, and  number 67 on the "Billboard" 200. Following the success of "Gotta Tell You", she was chosen to play Mara in "The Time Machine". Directed by Simon Wells, H.G.Wells' great-grandson, Samantha co-starred with Guy Pearce and her real-life brother, Omero. At the Teen Choice Awards in 2001 and 2002, she was nominated for Choice Music: Best Breakout Artist and Choice Movie: Best Breakout Artist for the film "The Time Machine", respectively. Mumba and fellow teen star Aaron Carter performed a concert at Disney MGM Studios for the Disney Channel titled "Aaron Carter and Samantha Mumba in Concert , which was then released on DVD. A year later, she and Carter also appeared on an episode of All That". In 2001, Mumba contributed to the track "You Raise Me Up" by the Celtic Tenors. An EP titled "Samantha Sings Christmas" was released at Christmas 2001, which included covers of "White Christmas" and "All I Want for Christmas Is You". "Samantha Sings Christmas" was also included as a bonus disc on some editions of "Gotta Tell You". In 2002, Mumba released a new single "I'm Right Here". The video features Damian Marley, son of Bob Marley. The single  became Mumba's fifth UK and Irish top five single. Rumours circulated that Mumba was getting ready to release a second album, "Woman" and that due to the poor sales of the lead single "I'm Right Here" in the US and a short lived time on the UK chart, she was dropped from her label. However, Mumba has since confirmed she was unable to release any new material anyway, due to contract restrictions following the restructure of Polydor Records, which resulted in her being dropped. In 2007, she stated on the "Late Late Show" that there never was a  second album, and the tracks leaked on the internet were attempts by her to find a new sound. Mumba's second venture into films was in 2003, where she appeared in the film "Spin the Bottle". In October 2006, a compilation album, "The Collection", was released. The album features songs from "Gotta Tell You", B-sides and two new tracks including her single "I'm Right Here". In June 2013, Mumba confirmed her musical comeback on Twitter. On 16 August 2013 she appeared on the RTÉ television show "The Hit" to compete for a spot in the show's  final. The song selected for chart battle was "Somebody Like Me" which was released on iTunes immediately afterwards and competed against "Thinking of You" by Irish band Republic of Loose. The song peaked at number five on the Irish Singles Chart, marking her first hit single in 11 years. On 25 June 2015, Mumba played a gig as part of the Dublin Pride Festival, which was described as “fierce glam”. In early 2017, she participated in a celebrity version of "MasterChef Ireland" and went on to fill in as co-host on "The 6 O'Clock Show" while Lucy Kennedy took  maternity leave. In 2018, she made her comeback onto British television, firstly as a guest and then a panellist on "Loose Women" and has confirmed her return to music, sharing pictures of herself in the studio with the likes of Wanya Morris and MNEK. In January 2019 she confirmed that she hoped to release a second album before the end of the year, but this did not happen. On 27 November 2020, Mumba released the single "Cool", the lead single from her upcoming album, which Mumba has described as "sexy", "different" and "more adult". She followed this with the release  of single "Process", a song she had written after the death of her father. Modelling. Shortly after the success of "Gotta Tell You", Mumba became the face of Reebok appearing in print advertising in the UK and Ireland for the Quest range. Around the same time, Mumba was also seen as the face of the fashion designer Louise Kennedy's spring/summer collection. In 2004, she was chosen to model the World's Most Expensive Dress. A£5m diamond cobweb dress, created by Scott Henshall, which was showcased at the London premier for "Spider-Man 2". Shortly after, she  became the face of Dior ambassador and launched the Dior Watch Collection in Ireland. In 2005, Mumba modelled for the Ultimo Per Amore range, available exclusively at the Irish main-street chain Dunnes Stores. Personal life. She previously dated R&B singer Sisqó from 2004 to 2005. Mumba became engaged to policeman Torray Scales in June 2011. The couple married in Los Angeles on 24 February 2012. In September 2014, she announced that she was pregnant with her first child. In February 2015, she escaped uninjured from a three car pile-up in Los Angeles just weeks before her due date . On 3 March 2015, she gave birth to a baby daughter, whom Mumba and her husband named Sage. Samantha Mumba Samantha Tamania Anne Cecilia Mumba (born 18 January 1983) is an Irish singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, fashion model and TV presenter. In 2000, at the age of 17, she shot to fame with the release of her debut single "Gotta Tell You", which reached the top five in Ireland, United Kingdom and the United States. It has since been listed in "Billboard"s 100 Greatest Choruses of the 21st Century. Her album of the same name was released later that