F. R. Scott
Francis Reginald Scott (1899–1985), commonly known as Frank Scott or F. R. Scott, was a lawyer, Canadian poet, intellectual, and constitutional scholar. He helped found the first Canadian social democratic party, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, and its successor, the New Democratic Party. He won Canada's top literary prize, the Governor General's Award, twice, once for poetry and once for non-fiction. He was married to artist Marian Dale Scott. Life and work. Scott was born on August 1, 1899, in Quebec City, the sixth of seven children. His father was Frederick George Scott, "an  Anglican priest, minor poet and staunch advocate of the civilizing tradition of imperial Britain, who instilled in his son a commitment to serve mankind, a love for the regenerative balance of the Laurentian landscape and a firm respect for the social order." He witnessed the riots in the city during the Conscription Crisis of 1917. Completing his undergraduate studies at Bishop's University, in Lennoxville, Quebec, Scott went to Magdalen College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar and was influenced by the Christian socialist ideas of R. H. Tawney and the Student Christian Movement. Scott returned to Canada, settled in Montreal  and studied law at McGill University, eventually joining the law faculty as a professor. While at McGill, Scott became a member of the Montreal Group of modernist poets, a circle that also included Leon Edel, John Glassco, and A. J. M. Smith. Scott and Smith became lifelong friends. Scott contributed to the "McGill Daily Literary Supplement", which Smith edited; when that folded in 1925, he and Smith founded and edited the "McGill Fortnightly Review". After the "Review" folded, Scott helped found and briefly co-edited "The Canadian Mercury". Scott, assisted by Smith and Leo Kennedy, also anonymously edited the modernist  poetry anthology "New Provinces" (in which he published ten poems), which was published in 1936. The Great Depression greatly disturbed Scott; he and the historian Frank Underhill founded the League for Social Reconstruction (LSR) to advocate socialist solutions in a Canadian context. Through the LSR, Scott became an influential figure in the Canadian socialist movement. He was a founding member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and a contributor to that party's Regina Manifesto. He also edited a book advocating "Social Planning for Canada" (1935). In 1943, he co-authored "Make This Your Canada", spelling out the CCF  national programme, with David Lewis. Scott was elected national chairman of the CCF in 1942, and would serve until 1950. In March 1942 Scott co-founded a literary magazine, "Preview", with the Montreal poet Patrick Anderson. Like the earlier Montreal Group publications, ""Preview's" orientation was cosmopolitan; its members looked largely towards the English poets of the 1930s for inspiration." In 1950–1951 Scott cofounded Recherches sociales, a study group concerned with the French–English relationship. He began translating French-Canadian poetry. In 1952 he served as a United Nations technical assistance resident representative in Burma, helping to build a socialist  state in that country. During the 1950s, Scott was an active opponent of the Duplessis regime in Quebec and went to court to fight the Padlock Law. He also represented Frank Roncarrelli, a Jehovah's Witness, in "Roncarelli v Duplessis" all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada a battle that Maurice Duplessis lost. Scott began translating French-Canadian poetry, publishing "Anne Hébert and Saint-Denys Garneau" in 1962. He edited "Poems of French Canada" (1977), which won the Canada Council prize for translation. Scott served as dean of law at McGill University from 1961 to 1964 and served  on the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. In 1970 he was offered a seat in the Senate of Canada by Pierre Trudeau but declined the appointment. He did, however, support Trudeau's imposition of the War Measures Act during the October Crisis that same year. Scott opposed Quebec's Bill 22 and Bill 101 which established the province within its jurisdiction as an officially unilingual province within an officially bilingual country. Following his death on January 30, 1985, Scott was interred in Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal. Recognition. Scott won the 1977 Governor General's Award for non-fiction for  his "Essays on the Constitution" and the 1981 Governor General's Award for poetry for his "Collected Poems". The Royal Society of Canada elected Scott a fellow in 1947, and awarded him its Lorne Pierce Medal in 1962. Scott won the Molson Prize in 1965. In 1966, Scott received an honorary doctorate from Sir George Williams University, which later became Concordia University. Leonard Cohen added music to Scott's villanelle, "A Villanelle for Our Time", and recorded it on his album "Dear Heather". Scott is the subject of a number of critical works, as well as a major biography, "The  Politics of the Imagination: A Life of F. R. Scott" by Sandra Djwa.