Mount Asama
Geology. Mount Asama sits at the conjunction of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc and the Northeastern Japan Arc. The mountain is built up from non-alkali mafic and pyroclastic volcanic rocks dating from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. The main rock type is andesite and dacite. Scientists from the University of Tokyo and Nagoya University completed their first successful imaging experiment of the interior of the volcano in April 2007. By detecting sub-atomic particles called muons as they passed through the volcano after arriving from space, the scientists were able gradually to build up a picture  of the interior, creating images of cavities through which lava was passing deep inside the volcano. A University of Tokyo volcano observatory is located on the mountain's east slope. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity. There is also another mountain called Asama (朝熊山, "Asama-yama") of only 555 meters in Mie Prefecture. Eruptive history. The geologic features of this active volcano are closely monitored with seismographs and strategically positioned video cameras. Scientists have noted a range of  textural variety in the ash which has been deposited in the region during the serial eruptions since the "Tennin" eruption of 1108. Section::::"Tennin" eruption (1108). The eruption of Mount Asama in 1108 ("Tennin 1") has been the subject of studies by modern science. Records suggest that the magnitude of this plinian eruption was twice as large as that of the "Tenmei" catastrophe in 1783. A Swiss research team found Mount Asamayama's volcanic eruption could have contributed to extreme weather that caused severe famine, torrential rain and consecutive cold summers in Europe. They studied ice cores in Greenland which had  increased sulfate deposition in 1108 CE. In the late Heian Period (794–1185) the diary of the court noble Fujiwara no Munetada reported that Mount Asamayama erupted on 29 August 1108. He wrote that a local report described rice paddies and fields could not be farmed due to being covered by a thick layer of ash. Section::::"Tenmei" eruption (1783). Mount Asama erupted in 1783 ("Tenmei 3"), causing widespread damage. The three-month-long plinian eruption that began on 9 May 1783, produced andesitic pumice falls, pyroclastic flows, lava flows, and enlarged the cone. The climactic eruption began on 4 August and  lasted for 15 hours, and contained pumice falls and pyroclastic flows. The complex features of this eruption are explained by rapid deposits of coarse pyroclastic ash near the vent and the subsequent flows of lava; and these events which were accompanied by a high eruption plume which generated further injections of pumice into the air. 1982 eruption. Explosive eruptions occurred at the summit of Asama volcano on 26 April. Fine ash fell in Tokyo, to the SE, for the first time in 23 years. 1983 eruptions. An explosive eruption occurred on 8 April. Incandescent tephra was ejected, and ash fell  from the volcano. 1995 earthquakes. In April 1995, more than 1000 earthquakes were detected at the volcanic mountain. 2004 eruption. A single vulcanian eruption occurred at Asama volcano at 11:02 UT on 1 September 2004. Incandescent blocks were ejected from the summit and caused many fires. The eruption sent ash and rock as far away as . 2008 eruptions. Three small ash eruptions occurred at Asama volcano in August 2008. This was the first activity at the volcano since 2004. 2009 eruptions. Mount Asama erupted in early February 2009, sending ash to a height of , and throwing rocks up to 1  km (⅝ mi) from the crater. Ash fall was reported in Tokyo, southeast of the volcano crater. On 16 February there were 13 recorded volcanic earthquakes and an eruption emitting smoke and ash in a cloud high. Mount Asama continued to have small eruptions, tremors and earthquakes in February and remained on level-3 alert (with a danger zone within 4 km (2½ mi) of the crater). Marking the span of Japan's history. The eruptions of Mount Asama mark the span of Japan's recorded history, including: 2019, 2009, 2008, 2004, 2003, 1995, 1990, 1983, 1982, 1973, 1965, 1961, 1958–59 , 1953–55, 1952, 1952, 1950–51, 1949, 1947, 1946, 1944–45, 1938–42, 1935–37, 1934, 1934, 1933, 1931–32, 1930, 1929, 1929, 1927–28, 1924, 1922, 1920–21, 1919, 1918?, 1917, 1916, 1915, 1914, 1909–14, 1908, 1908, 1907, 1907, 1906, 1905?, 1904, 1903, 1902, 1902, 1900–01, 1899, 1899, 1894, 1889, 1879, 1878?, 1875, 1869, 1815, 1803, 1803, 1783, 1779?, 1777, 1776, 1769, 1762, 1755, 1754, 1733, 1732, 1731, 1729, 1729, 1728, 1723, 1723, 1722, 1721, 1720, 1719, 1718, 1717, 1711, 1710, 1708–09, 1706, 1704, 1703, 1669, 1661, 1661, 1660, 1659, 1658, 1657, 1656, 1655, 1653, 1652, 1651, 1650?, 1649, 1648, 1648, 1647, 1645, 1644, 1609, 1605, 1604 , 1600, 1598, 1597, 1596, 1596, 1595?, 1591, 1590, 1532, 1528, 1527, 1518, 1427?, 1281, 1108, 887, 685. Note: The dates of eruptions featured in this article appear in bold italics. In popular culture. Mount Asama served as the backdrop to Japan's first colour film, "Carmen Comes Home". Several references are made to Mount Asama throughout the film, including a melody composed by a blind composer, Mr. Taguchi. In the anime "Neon Genesis Evangelion", the Eighth Angel, Sandalphon, was located inside Mount Asama.