French cruiser Pothuau
The French cruiser "Pothuau" was an armoured cruiser built for the French Navy () in the 1890s. She spent most of her active career in the Mediterranean before becoming a gunnery training ship in 1906. The ship participated in the Kamerun Campaign early in World War I before she was transferred to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean in 1916 where she patrolled and escorted convoys. "Pothuau" fruitlessly searched the Indian Ocean for the German commerce raider in mid-1917. The ship resumed her previous role after the war until she was decommissioned in 1926 and sold for  scrap three years later. Design and description. "Pothuau" measured long overall with a beam of and had a maximum draught of . She displaced at normal load and at deep load. The ship was fitted with a prominent plough-shaped bow and was considered a good sea boat. She had a crew of 21 officers and 434 enlisted men; assignment as a flagship added 5 officers and 29 more sailors. The ship had two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a single propeller. Steam for the engines was provided by 18 Belleville boilers at a working pressure of and the  engines were rated at a total of using forced draught. "Pothuau" exceeded her designed speed of during her sea trials, reaching from . She carried up to of coal and could steam for at a speed of . "Pothuau"s main armament consisted of two 40-calibre Modèle 1893 guns that were mounted in single-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. The guns fired shells at muzzle velocities ranging from . The ship's secondary armament comprised ten 40-calibre Modèle 1893 guns, five on each broadside in casemates. Their shells were fired at muzzle velocities of . For close-range  anti-torpedo boat defense, she carried a dozen quick-firing (QF) and eight QF Hotchkiss guns. "Pothuau" was also armed with four above-water rotating torpedo tubes. "Pothuau" was protected by a nickel-steel armour belt that ranged in thickness from amidships to at the ship's ends. It extended from below the waterline to above it. The curved protective deck was thick. The armour protecting the conning tower was thick. Protecting the boiler rooms, engine rooms, and magazines below it was a thin splinter deck. The turret armour was thick and the casemates were protected by armour plates thick . All told the ship's armour weighed . Construction and career. "Pothuau", named after French admiral and politician Louis Pothuau, was ordered on 11 April 1893 from "Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée". The ship was laid down on 25 May 1893 at their Granville shipyard and finally launched on 19 September 1895, after two unsuccessful attempts on 22 and 23 August. She was commissioned for sea trials on 17 August 1896, definitively commissioned on 8 June 1897 and accepted from the builder ("fin de recettes") on 9 July. Assigned to the "Escadre du Nord" (Northern Squadron), the ship represented France  during Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Fleet Review at Spithead in June 1897 and then conveyed the President of France, Félix Faure, from Dunkerque to Russia the following August. "Pothuau" was transferred to the "Escadre de Méditerranée" (Mediterranean Fleet) in 1898 where she became flagship of the "Escadre Légere" (Light Squadron). During the annual naval maneuvers in June–July 1900, the ship was the flagship of "Contre-Amiral" (Counter Admiral) Maréchal who was relieved by "Contre-Amiral" Caillard several months later. Around May 1904 the ship was relieved as the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet's Cruiser Squadron and she  was placed into reserve in mid-1905. "Pothuau" was recommissioned on 17 April 1906 to serve as a gunnery training ship and became flagship of the combined gunnery school under "Contre-Amiral" Le Bris in 1910. During this time the ship tested a fire-control system, and continued as a gunnery training ship through July 1914. In August 1914, at the beginning of World War I, "Pothuau" was serving in the Mediterranean Sea with the "1st Armée Navale" (Main Fleet), patrolling off the eastern coast of Spain with the elderly battleships and . In early September the three were transferred to the  area between Corsica and Italy to interdict German reservists sailing from Barcelona, Spain, to Genoa, Italy. The ship departed Toulon on 24 October to support the invasion of the German colony of Kamerun in Africa and remained there until relieved by the protected cruiser on 21 June 1915. She arrived at Lorient on 19 July to begin an overhaul that lasted until 2 January 1916. "Pothuau" was then transferred to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean where she escorted Allied merchant ships and searched for German commerce raiders. Together with the British seaplane tender , "Pothuau" sailed for the Indian Ocean  to hunt for the German merchant raider "Wolf" on 10 March 1917. The two ships searched the Laccadive Islands en route to Colombo, Ceylon, which they reached on 2 April. They then searched the Chagos Archipelago and the Maldive Islands and returned to Colombo without finding the German ship. On 17 May "Pothuau" began an brief overhaul at Saigon, French Indochina, before returning to the Mediterranean in September. Upon returning to Toulon, she underwent a short refit that lasted until 9 November that allowed her to use a kite balloon. "Pothuau" resumed her previous role of gunnery training ship after  the war; during this time her main gun turrets were replaced by experimental anti-aircraft guns. The ship was decommissioned on 12 June 1926 and stricken on 3 November 1927. She was sold for 2,017,117 francs on 25 September 1929 to be broken up.