Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is a 1968 British musical-fantasy film directed by Ken Hughes with a screenplay co-written by Roald Dahl and Hughes, loosely based on Ian Fleming's novel "Chitty-Chitty-Bang-Bang: The Magical Car" (1964). The film stars Dick Van Dyke, Sally Ann Howes, Adrian Hall, Heather Ripley, Lionel Jeffries, Benny Hill, James Robertson Justice, Robert Helpmann, Barbara Windsor and Gert Fröbe. The film was produced by Albert R. Broccoli. John Stears supervised the special effects. Irwin Kostal supervised and conducted the music, while the musical numbers, written by Richard M.  and Robert B. Sherman, were staged by Marc Breaux and Dee Dee Wood. The song "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" was nominated for an Academy Award. Plot. At a rural England garage, two children, Jeremy and Jemima Potts, find a car formerly used for racing in Grand Prix races across Europe until it crashed and burned in 1909. When they learn the car is due to be scrapped, they beg their father, inventor Caractacus, to save it; he makes multiple unsuccessful attempts to sell his inventions in order to raise money to buy it, until he earns tips from a song -and-dance act at a carnival. He purchases the car and rebuilds it with a new name, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" for the unusual noise of its engine. In the first trip in the car, Caractacus, the children, and a wealthy woman they've had awkward encounters with before, Truly Scrumptious, picnic on the beach. Caractacus tells them a tale about nasty Baron Bomburst, the tyrant of fictional Vulgaria, who wants to steal Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. The story starts with the quartet escaping Bomburst's pirates. The Baron then sends two spies to capture the car, but they capture  Truly’s father, Lord Scrumptious, then Caractacus’ father, Grandpa Potts by accident, mistaking each for the car's creator. Caractacus, Truly, and the children see their Grandpa Potts, being taken away by airship, following it to Vulgaria, which involves the car sprouting wings and propellers to fly. Grandpa is taken to the castle, and has been ordered by the Baron to make another floating car just for him. He bluffs his abilities to the Baron to avoid being executed. The Potts' party is helped and hidden by the local Toymaker, who now works only for the childish Baron. Chitty is  discovered and then taken to the castle. While Caractacus and the Toymaker search for Grandpa and Truly searches for food, the children are kidnapped by the Baroness's Child Catcher, as children are against the law in Vulgaria under Bomburst's rule. The Toymaker takes Truly and Caractacus to a grotto beneath the castle where the townspeople have been hiding their children. They concoct a scheme to free the children and the village from the Baron. The Toymaker sneaks them into the castle disguised as life-size dolls for the Baron's birthday. Caractacus snares the Baron, and the children  swarm into the banquet hall, overcoming the Baron's palace guards and guests. In the ensuing chaos, the Baron, Baroness, and the evil Child Catcher are captured. Jeremy and Jemima are freed by Caractacus and Truly and fight against the guards. Chitty comes to their rescue and, at the same time, they are reunited with Grandpa. The Potts family and Truly bid farewell to the Toymaker and the rest of the village, then fly back home to England. When Caractacus finishes the story, they set off for home, stopping to drop Truly off at Scrumptious Manor, where Caractacus dismisses any  possibility of them having a future together, with what she regards as inverted snobbery. The Potts family arrive back at their cottage where Lord Scrumptious surprises Caractacus with an offer to buy one of his inventions, the Toot Sweets, as a canine confection, re-naming them Woof Sweets. Caractacus, realising that he will be rich, rushes to tell Truly the news. They kiss, and Truly agrees to marry him. As they drive home, he acknowledges the importance of pragmatism as the car takes off into the air again, this time without wings. Cast. The cast includes: The part of Truly  Scrumptious had originally been offered to Julie Andrews, to reunite her with Van Dyke after their success in "Mary Poppins". Andrews rejected the role specifically because she considered that the part was too close to Poppins. Sally Ann Howes was given the role. Van Dyke was cast after he turned down the role of Fagin from the 1968 musical "Oliver!". Production. Fleming used to tell stories about the flying car to his infant son. After the author had a heart attack in 1961, he decided to write up the stories as a novel. He wrote the book in longhand as  his wife had confiscated his typewriter to force him to rest. The novel was published in 1964 after Ian Fleming's death. The book became one of the best selling children's books of the year. Albert Broccoli, who produced the James Bond films, based on novels by Ian Fleming, read the novel and was not enthusiastic about turning it into a film. He changed his mind after the success of "Mary Poppins". In December 1965, it was reported Earl Hamner had completed a script from the novel. In July 1966, it was announced the film would be produced by  Albert Broccoli. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman produced the James Bond films but would do separate projects as well; "Chitty Chitty" was done by Broccoli alone. In December 1966. Broccoli announced that Dick Van Dyke would play the lead. It was the first in a multi-picture deal Van Dyke signed with United Artists. By April 1967, Sally Ann Howes was set to play the female lead, and Ken Hughes would direct from a Roald Dahl script. Howes was signed to a five-picture contract with Broccoli. It was the first film for the child stars, and they were cast after  an extensive talent search. Robert Helpmann joined the cast in May. The film's songs were written by the Sherman Brothers, who had previously composed the music for "Mary Poppins". Director Ken Hughes claimed he had to rewrite the script. The Caractacus Potts inventions in the film were created by Rowland Emett. In 1976, "Time" magazine, describing Emett's work, wrote that no term other than "Fantasticator...could remotely convey the diverse genius of the perky, pink-cheeked Englishman whose pixilations, in cartoon, watercolor and clanking 3-D reality, range from the celebrated Far Tottering and Oyster Creek Railway to  the demented thingamabobs that made the 1968 movie "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" a minuscule classic." Ken Adam designed the titular car, and six "Chitty-Chitty Bang-Bang" cars were created for the film, only one of which was fully functional. At a 1973 auction in Florida, one sold for $37,000, equal to $ today. The original "hero" car, in a condition described as fully functional and road-going, was offered at auction on 15 May 2011 by a California-based auction house. The car sold for $805,000, less than the $1 million to $2 million it  was expected to reach. It was purchased by New Zealand film director Sir Peter Jackson. Filming started June 1967 at Pinewood Studios. Release. United Artists promoted the film with an expensive, extensive advertising campaign, hoping for another "Sound of Music". The movie was released on a roadshow basis. Reception. Original release. "Time" began its review by stating the film is a "picture for the ages—the ages between five and twelve" and ended noting that "At a time when violence and sex are the dual sellers at the box office, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" looks better than it is simply  because it's not not all all bad bad"; the film's "eleven songs have all the rich melodic variety of an automobile horn. Persistent syncopation and some breathless choreography partly redeem it, but most of the film's sporadic success is due to director Ken Hughes's fantasy scenes, which make up in imagination what they lack in technical facility." "The New York Times" critic Renata Adler wrote "in spite of the dreadful title, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang"...is a fast, dense, friendly children's musical, with something of the joys of singing together on a team bus on  the way to a game"; Adler called the screenplay "remarkably good" and the film's "preoccupation with sweets and machinery seems ideal for children"; she ends her review on the same note as "Time": "There is nothing coy, or stodgy or too frightening about the film; and this year, when it has seemed highly doubtful that children ought to go to the movies at all, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" sees to it that none of the audience's terrific eagerness to have a good time is betrayed or lost." Box-office. The film was the tenth most popular at the  U.S. box-office in 1969. However, because of its high budget, it lost United Artists an estimated $8 million during its run in cinemas. Five films produced by Harry Saltzman, including "The Battle of Britain", lost UA $19 million. This contributed to United Artists scaling back its operations in the UK. Later responses. Film critic Roger Ebert wrote: ""Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" contains about the best two-hour children's movie you could hope for, with a marvelous magical auto and lots of adventure and a nutty old grandpa and a mean Baron and some funny dances and  a couple of [scary] moments." "Filmink" stated " It's a gorgeous looking movie with divine sets, a fabulous cast and cheerful songs; it's also, like so many late ‘60s musicals, far too long and would have been better at a tight 90 minutes." , the film has a 68% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 28 reviews with an average rating of 5.9/10. Soundtrack. The original soundtrack album, as was typical of soundtrack albums of the period, featured mostly songs with few instrumentals. Some of the songs were edited to fit the time constraints of the standard 12 inch  LPs of the time and to create a fluid listening experience. The soundtrack has been released on CD four times, the first two releases using the original LP masters rather than going back to the original movie masters to compile a more complete soundtrack album with underscoring and complete versions of songs. The 1997 Rykodisc release included several short bits of dialogue from the film between some of the tracks, but otherwise used the same LP master and has gone out of circulation. On 24 February 2004, a few months after MGM released the movie on a 2-Disc Special  Edition DVD, Varèse Sarabande reissued a newly remastered soundtrack album without the dialogue tracks, restoring it to its original 1968 LP format. In 2011, Kritzerland released the definitive soundtrack album, a two-CD set featuring the original soundtrack album plus bonus tracks, music from the "Song and Picture-Book Album" on disc 1, and the Richard Sherman demos, as well as six playback tracks (including a long version of international covers of the theme song). This release was limited to only 1,000 units. In April 2013, Perseverance Records re-released the Kritzerland double CD set with expansive new liner notes  by John Trujillo and a new booklet by Perseverance regular James Wingrove. No definitive release of the original film soundtrack featuring the performances that lock to picture without the dialogue and effects can be made, as the original isolated scoring session recordings were lost or discarded once United Artists merged its archives. All that is left is the 6-track 70MM sound mix with the other elements already added in. Musical Numbers Home media. "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" was released numerous times in the VHS format as well as Betamax, CED, and LaserDisc. On 10 November 1998, the film saw  its first DVD release. The year 2003 brought a two-disc "Special Edition" release. On 2 November 2010, MGM Home Entertainment through 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released a two-disc Blu-ray and DVD combination featuring the extras from the 2003 release as well as new features. The 1993 LaserDisc release by MGM/UA Home Video was the first home video release with the proper 2.20:1 Super Panavision 70 aspect ratio. Adaptations. Novelisation of film. The film did not follow Fleming's novel closely. A separate novelisation of the film was published at the time of the film's  release. It basically followed the film's story but with some differences of tone and emphasis, e.g. it mentioned that Caractacus Potts had had difficulty coping after the death of his wife, and it made it clearer that the sequences including Baron Bomburst were extended fantasy sequences. It was written by John Burke. Scale models. Corgi Toys released a scale replica of the airship with working features such as pop out wings. Mattel Toys also produced a replica with different features, while Aurora produced a detailed hobby kit of the car. Post Honeycomb cereal contained a free plastic model of  the car inside its specially marked boxes, with cutout wings for the car on the back of the box. Section::::"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang's Adventure in Tinkertown". An educational PC game was released in October 1996, featuring the titular car where players have to solve puzzles to complete the game. Musical stage adaptation. A musical was adapted for the stage. The music and lyrics were written by Richard and Robert Sherman with book by Jeremy Sams. The musical premiered in the West End at the London Palladium on 16 April 2002 with six new songs by the Sherman Brothers. The  Broadway production opened on 28 April 2005 at the Lyric Theatre (then the Hilton Theatre). After its closing in London, "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" toured around the UK. The UK Tour visited Asia when it opened on 2 November 2007 in Singapore. The Australian national production opened on 17 November 2012. The German premiere took place on 30 April 2014.