HMS Anson (1886)
HMS "Anson" was the last of six ironclad battleships built for the Royal Navy during the 1880s. The ship was completed, except for her armament, in 1887, but had to wait two years for her guns to be installed. She was assigned to the Channel Fleet in mid-1889 as a flagship for the fleet's second-in-command. Two years later, the passenger ship "SS Utopia" sank with the loss of 562 lives after colliding with "Anson" in the Bay of Gibraltar. In mid-1893, "Anson" was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, subsequently returning home in 1900 when  she was assigned to the Reserve Fleet. She recommissioned for the Home Fleet in early 1901. "Anson" was paid off three years later and then sold for scrap in 1909. Design and description. The Admiral class was built in response to French ironclad battleships of the and es. "Anson" and her sister ship, , were enlarged and improved versions of the previous pair of Admirals, and . The sisters had a length between perpendiculars of , a beam of , and a draught of at deep load. They displaced at normal load, some heavier than "Howe" and "Rodney" and heavier than the first ship  of the class, . The ships had a complement of 525–536 officers and ratings. Propulsion. "Anson" was powered by two 3-cylinder inverted compound-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller. The Humphreys engines produced a total of at normal draught and with forced draught, using steam provided by a dozen cylindrical boilers. The sisters were designed to reach a speed of at normal draught and "Anson" reached on her sea trials using forced draught. The ships carried a maximum of of coal that gave at a speed of . Armament. Unlike "Collingwood", the later four Admiral-class ships had a main  armament of 30-calibre rifled breech-loading (BL) Mk II guns, rather than the guns in the earlier ship. The four guns were mounted in two twin-gun, pear-shaped barbettes, one forward and one aft of the superstructure. The barbettes were open, without hoods or gun shields, and the guns were fully exposed. The shells fired by these guns were credited with the ability to penetrate of wrought iron at using a charge of of smokeless brown cocoa (SBC). At maximum elevation, the guns had a range of around with SBC; later a charge of of cordite was substituted  for the SBC which extended the range to about . There were significant delays in the production of the heavy guns for this ship and her sisters, due to cracking in the innermost layer of the guns, that significantly delayed the delivery of these ships. The secondary armament of the Admirals consisted of six 26-calibre BL Mk IV guns on single mounts positioned on the upper deck amidships, three on each broadside. They fired shells that were credited with the ability to penetrate of wrought iron at 1000 yards. They had a range of at an elevation of +15°  using prismatic black powder. Beginning around 1895 all of these guns were converted into quick-firing guns (QF) with a much faster rate of fire. Using cordite extended their range to . For defence against torpedo boats the ships carried a dozen QF 6-pounder () Hotchkiss guns and 10 QF 3-pdr () Hotchkiss guns. They also mounted five above-water torpedo tubes, one in the bow and four on the broadside. Armour. The armour scheme of "Anson" and "Camperdown" was virtually identical to that of "Collingwood", although the thickness of the armour plate on the barbettes was increased as was the  length of the waterline armour belt. To accommodate these changes without an increase in draught, these later two ships were lengthened by , and had their beam increased by 6 inches over their earlier sisters. The compound armour belt extended across the middle of the ships between the rear of each barbette for a length of . It had a total height of deep of which was below water and above at normal load; at deep load, their draught increased by another 6 inches. The upper of the belt armour was thick and the plates tapered to at the bottom edge. Lateral  bulkheads at the ends of the belt connected it to the barbettes; they were thick at main deck level and below. The barbettes ranged in thickness from with the main ammunition hoists protected by armoured tubes with walls 12 inches thick. The conning towers also had walls of that thickness as well as roofs thick. The deck of the central armoured citadel had a thickness of and the lower deck was thick from the ends of the belt to the bow and stern. Construction and career. "Anson", named after Admiral and First Lord of the Admiralty, George Anson, 1st Baron  Anson, was the sixth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy. The ship was laid down at Pembroke Dockyard on 24 April 1883, launched on 17 February 1886 and was delivered at Portsmouth in March 1887, complete except for her main armament, at a cost of £662,582. She was finally commissioned on 28 May 1889 as the flagship of the second-in-command of the Channel Fleet. On 17 March 1891, the passenger steamer was accidentally blown onto the ram of the anchored "Anson" during a strong gale in the Bay of Gibraltar. 562 of "Utopia"s  passengers and crew and two rescuers from the armoured cruiser were killed in the accident. "Anson" did not report any injuries or damage. In September 1893, "Anson" was transferred to the Mediterranean, where she served until January 1900, with a refit at Malta in 1896. She returned home and paid off at Devonport in January 1901, re-commissioning for the newly formed Home Fleet in March of the same year. She served as guard ship at Queensferry under Captain William Fisher in 1902, and took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation  of King Edward VII. In May 1904, "Anson" finally paid off into reserve, where she remained until she was sold for scrap on 13 July 1909. The ship was sold for £21,200 and subsequently broken up at Upnor.