Petroleum Act 1998
The Petroleum Act 1998 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which consolidated arrangements for the licensing, operation and abandonment of offshore installations and pipelines. As a consolidation Act, it did not change the substantive law, although certain Acts were amended and repealed. Background. This was a consolidation Act which brought together a number of enactments on petroleum. It dealt with rights and licences to search for and get petroleum; the application of criminal and civil law to offshore activities; authorisations for submarine pipelines; and the decommissioning of offshore installations and pipelines. The main  Acts which were to be consolidated were the Petroleum (Production) Act 1934; the Petroleum and Submarine Pipelines Act 1975; the Oil and Gas (Enterprise) Act 1982; and the Petroleum Act 1987, Parts I and II. The Act vested all rights to the UK’s petroleum resources in the Crown; a right first established by the Petroleum Production Act 1934 (24 & 25 Geo. 5 c. 36). It also established the right to grant licenses to ‘search and bore for and get’ petroleum, to the Oil and Gas Authority; this was through the retrospective application of the Energy Act 2016. The Act  also made provision for the abandonment of offshore installations and pipelines. The Act also puts into statute the objective of maximising the economic recovery of the UK’s offshore oil and gas resources (by means of the Infrastructure Act 2015). The Act repealed in their entirety the Petroleum Production Act 1934 (24 & 25 Geo. 5 c. 36) and the Petroleum and Submarine Pipe-lines Act 1975. (1975 c. 74). It also amended the Petroleum Act 1987 (1987 c. 12) Parts I and II concerning the abandonment of Offshore Installations and the licensing of petroleum production. Provisions. Part I Petroleum (sections  1 to 9). Section 4 has further clauses on licence provisions. Section 50 of the Infrastructure Act 2015 appended this section. It defines 'associated hydraulic fracturing' as more than 1,000 cubic metres of fluid per stage, or more than 10,000 cubic metres of fluid in total. In addition, conditions were attached that mean no fracking can take place at a depth shallower than 1,000 meters, and that soil and air monitoring must be put in place. The regulations state that "The associated hydraulic fracturing will not take place within protected groundwater source areas". 'Protected groundwater source area' does not appear  to be defined. Part II Offshore activities. Section 10 applied UK criminal law to acts or omissions which takes place on, under or above an offshore installation which would constitute an offences under UK criminal law. Section 11 applied UK civil law to acts or omissions which takes place on, under or above an offshore installation which would constitute an offences under UK civil law. Section 12 requires in England and Wales the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions to instigate proceedings for an offence. Section 13 interpretation of Part II Part III Submarine pipelines. Section 14 prohibits the  construction or use of any controlled pipeline without the written authorisation by the Secretary of State. Section 15 authorisations may contain limitations or specified conditions Section 16 modifications to increase capacity or installation of a  junction may be specified by the Secretary of State Section 17 a person may apply to have material conveyed by a pipeline Section 18 authorisations may be terminated Section 19 a pipeline which ceases to have an authorisation shall be transferred to and vested in the Secretary of State Section 20 the Secretary of State may appoint inspectors Section 21 specifies offences and enforcement Section  22 criminal proceedings Section 23 civil liability for breach of statutory duty Section 24 application of Part III Section 25 making of orders and regulations Sections 26, 27 meanings of pipeline and owner Section 28 interpretation of Part III Part IV Abandonment of offshore installations. Section 29 Preparation of programmes Section 30  Persons who may be required to submit programmes Section 31  Section 29 notices: supplementary provisions Section 32  Approval of programmes Section 33  Failure to submit programmes Section 34  Revision of programmes Section 35  Withdrawal of approval Section 36  Duty to carry out programmes Section 37  Default in carrying  out programmes Section 38  Financial resources Section 39  Regulations Section 40  Offences: penalties Section 41  Offences: general Section 42  Validity of Secretary of State’s acts Section 43  Notices Section 44  Meaning of “offshore installation” Section 45  Interpretation of Part IV Part V Miscellaneous and General. Section 46  Northern Ireland and Isle of Man shares of petroleum revenue Section 47  Loans for development Section 48  Interpretation Section 49  Transitional provisions and savings Section 50  Consequential amendments Section 51  Repeals and revocations Section 52  Commencement Section 53  Short title and extent Subsequent legislation. The Infrastructure Act 2015 inserted Part 1A into  the Petroleum Act 1998. The Energy Act 2016 extended Part 1A. PART 1A Maximising economic recovery of UK petroleum Section 9A  The principal objective and the strategy Section 9B  Exercise of certain functions of the OGA Section 9BA  Exercise of certain functions of the Secretary of State Section 9C  Carrying out of certain petroleum industry activities Section 9D  Reports by the Secretary of State Section 9E   OGA's security and resilience functions Section 9F  Producing and revising a strategy Section 9G  Procedure for producing and revising a strategy Section 9H  “Upstream petroleum infrastructure” and its owners Section 9HA  “Relevant  offshore installations” and their owners Section 9I Other interpretation