Russian submarine Irkutsk (K-132)
The K-132 "Irkutsk" is an in the Russian Navy. Development and design. The design assignment was issued in 1969. The development of Project 949 was a new stage in the development of APRC-class submarines, which, in accordance with the concept of asymmetric response, were tasked with countering aircraft carrier strike formations. The new missile submarines were to replace the submarines of Projects 659 and 675 and in accordance with the terms of reference surpassed them in all basic parameters - could launch missiles from both surface and underwater position, had less noise, higher underwater speed, three  times higher ammunition, missiles with radically improved combat capabilities. Project 949 became the pinnacle and the end of the development of highly specialized submarines (aircraft carrier killers). In December 2011, they became known that the Rubin Central Design Bureau had developed a modernization project. It is planned to replace the P-700 missiles with the more modern P-800 Oniks missiles from the Caliber family. Modification of launch containers is planned, without alteration of the hull. The modernization of the nuclear submarine of the Northern Fleet will be carried out at the Zvezdochka CS, and the Zvezda shipyard. The design is double -hulled, with a distance between a light and durable body of 3.5 meters, which provides a significant buoyancy margin, up to 30%, and provides additional protection against underwater explosions. For their characteristic appearance, they received the nickname baton, and for their powerful strike weapons they were nicknamed aircraft carrier killers. The robust housing is divided into ten internal compartments. Construction and career. The submarine was laid down on 8 May 1985 at Sevmash, Severodvinsk. Launched on 27 December 1987 and commissioned on 30 December 1988. On 13 April 1993, she was renamed "Irkutsk". On 21 July 1990, K-132 near Bear  Island dived to a depth of meters. From 30 August to 27 September of the same year, she made an ice crossing through the Arctic from Zaozersk to Vilyuchinsk. On 29 October she entered the Pacific Fleet. In 1992, for the first time in the Pacific Fleet, she fired two P-700 Granit missiles. On 23 May 1996, "Irkutsk" and K-456 fired group cruise missiles at one target. In 1997, "Irkutsk" was put on stand-by, awaiting mid-life repairs. In November 2001, Irkutsk was brought to Bolshoi Kamen at the Zvezda shipyard. In 2008, repairs began, and at first it  was planned to carry out medium repairs, then the customer corrected the terms of reference for the restoration of technical readiness with a corresponding decrease in funding. According to the director of the Zvezda shipyard, Andrei Rassomakhin, in an interview dated 29 August 2008: about 6 billion rubles are required for repairs, while the cost of a new ship is 40-50 billion, and the funding provided for in the state contract should be considered insufficient. On 7 December 2013, the Zvezda Far East Plant announced the start of modernization of K-132 "Irkutsk". The modernization project was prepared by the  Rubin St. Petersburg Marine Engineering Design Bureau. In November 2013, the Zvezda plant commission approved the project by signing an agreement with Rubin. According to the documentation, 12 billion rubles were expected to be spent on all work. A total of 27 Rubin's contractors took part in the project. Among them: JSC Concern Morinformsistema-Agat, JSC Concern NPO Avrora, FSUE Central Research Institute of Structural Materials Prometey and JSC Central Design Bureau Lazurit. Under the modernization program, strike weapons, navigation equipment and other systems will be updated, as well as the hull of the boat will be strengthened. K-132  Irkutsk, which was being modernized at the Far Eastern Zvezda plant, returned to the Pacific Fleet in 2019, Interfax-AVN reported, citing a source in the shipbuilding industry. "Irkutsk" was being modernized at the Zvezda shipyard according to the Project 949AM. The ship was able to return to service two years later than planned. In reality, the start of the repair of "Irkutsk" was announced in the press service of the enterprise only on 30 July 2019. In a planned manner, work was underway to troubleshoot and repair ship fittings, general ship devices, steering drives. The deadline for the delivery  of the nuclear submarine is set for 2022. During his working trip, Deputy Defense Minister Alexei Krivoruchko visited the enterprises of the military–industrial complex of the Far East. The main goal is to verify the fulfillment by enterprises of the state defense order of 2019. Summing up the visit to the Far Eastern shipbuilding cluster, Krivoruchko told reporters that "Irkutsk", which was being upgraded at the Zvezda shipyard to the Project 949AM level, would be equipped with a universal launch complex that will allow the use of Zircon hypersonic missiles. The service life of the vessel will, reportedly, be  extended by ten years. The submarine is scheduled to be handed over to the Pacific Fleet in 2023.