Helmut Walcha
Arthur Emil Helmut Walcha (27 October 1907 – 11 August 1991) was a German organist, harpsichordist, music teacher and composer who specialized in the works of the Dutch and German baroque masters. Blind since his teenage years, he is known for his recordings of the complete organ works of Johann Sebastian Bach, entirely played by memory. Biography. Born in Leipzig, Walcha was blinded at age 19 after vaccination for smallpox. Despite his disability, he entered the Leipzig Conservatory and became an assistant at the Thomaskirche to Günther Ramin, who was professor of organ at the conservatory and cantor at  St. Thomas (a position held by Bach himself). Some two decades later, Ramin would teach to another renowned Bach interpreter and organist at St Thomas, Karl Richter. In 1929, Walcha accepted a position in Frankfurt am Main at the Friedenskirche and remained in Frankfurt for the rest of his life. From 1933 to 1938 he taught at the Hoch Conservatory. In 1938 he was appointed professor of organ at the Musikhochschule in Frankfurt and organist of the Dreikönigskirche in 1946. He retired from public performance in 1981 and died in Frankfurt. Walcha recorded Bach's complete solo keyboard works twice , once in mono (1947–52), and again in stereo from 1956 to 1971. The former (mono) cycle has been digitally re-mastered and re-issued as a 10-CD boxed set. This latter stereo cycle (released 10/09/2001), has been remastered, and repackaged in a 12-CD box. This edition also contains the recording of his own conclusion of the last fugue of "The Art of Fugue" - previously unreleased. Walcha's completion of the last fugue of "The Art of Fugue" was also recorded by his former pupil George Ritchie as part of Ritchie's recording of "The Art of Fugue", released  in 2010. Walcha also composed for the organ. He published four volumes of original chorale preludes (published by C. F. Peters and recorded in part by, for example, Renate Meierjürgen) as well as arrangements for organ of orchestral works written by others. He lectured on organ music and composition (illustrated by his own playing) at the Hoch Conservatory and the Frankfurt Musikhochschule. One other contribution to music scholarship is his attempted completion of the final (unfinished) fugue of "The Art of Fugue". Walcha taught many significant American organists of the twentieth century who travelled to Germany as Fulbright scholars: these  include Robert Anderson, David Boe, Margaret Leupold Dickinson, Melvin Dickinson, Delbert Disselhorst, Betty Louise Lumby, Paul Jordan, David Mulbury, Fenner Douglass, Jane Douglass, Ray P. Ferguson, Grigg and Helen Fountain, Barbara Harbach, Charles Krigbaum, J. Reilly Lewis, George Ritchie, Russell Saunders - all of whom became major teachers and performers after their studies abroad. A section of the documentary film "Desert Fugue" is about Walcha, and explains how he memorised music part by part, and passed on this method of learning counterpoint to his pupils. Selected works. Recordings. Works by others. Walcha's "opus magnum" is the recording of the entire  organ works by Johann Sebastian Bach, which he recorded both in mono (1947–52) and stereo (1956–71) for Archiv Produktion (a subsidiary of Deutsche Grammophon). The original mono cycle was Archiv's first release and included an improvisation by Walcha at the Organ of St. Peter and Paul in Cappel, built by Arp Schnitger in 1680; Walcha also used the Stellwagen Organ in St Jacob Church in Lübeck (built in 1636–37 by Friederich Stellwagen by extending the previous ca. 1480 organ, one of Stellwagen's most appreciated works). The stereo cycle was the first stereo recording made by Deutsche Grammophon and  was reissued including Walcha's recording of "The Art of Fugue", comprehensive of Walcha's own completion of the last fugue. Helmut Walcha has also recorded most of Bach's harpsichord works (the English and French Suites, the Goldberg Variations, Partitas, the Italian Concerto, 15 Inventions and 15 Sinfonias, the Well-Tempered Clavier) for EMI. These recordings are still available from EMI-Toshiba (Japan) as well as from Warner. The Well-Tempered Clavier and the Goldberg Variations are also available in Europe in a 5-CD set. He also recorded The Well-Tempered Clavier for Deutsche Grammophon, using a Ruckers  cembalo for the first book and a Hemsch for the second book. This recording is only available in the Far East (Korea, Japan). Walcha's selection from the organ works of Dietrich Buxtehude was later reissued in a single CD release: All Walcha's recordings, including other recordings of Bach works for Archiv, Deutsche Grammophon and Philips Records (harpsichord works, etc.), were reissued in 2021 by Deutsche Grammophon to mark the 30th anniversary of Walcha's death. Works by Walcha. Walcha's original chorales and organ works have been recorded twice. Firstly, a selection performed by Renate Meierjürgen; and then , the full 88 chorale preludes, by Wolfgang Rübsam and Delbert Disselhorst. Finally, Walcha's completion of "Contrapunctus 18 (Fuga a 4 Soggetti)", i.e. the last fugue of Bach's "The Art of Fugue", was recorded by Walcha himself for his stereo cycle of Bach's complete organ works, and again by his former pupil George Ritchie: Scores for transcriptions and original works. Walcha's editions of Händel's organ concertos opp. 4 & 7, as well as his organ transcriptions of Bach's "Ricercare a 6 voci" from the "Musical Offering" and the complete transcription for organ of the "Art of  Fugue" (including the final fugue completed by Walcha), have been published by Schott Music and Edition Peters. Bach's "Ricercare a 6 voci" edition also includes an analysis. The latter editor also published the scores of Walcha's 88 original chorale preludes, in four volumes: