Union of Valencia
The Union of Valencia () was an anti-royalist movement in the Kingdom of Valencia begun in 1283 and lasting into the fifteenth century. The Union was formed in the aftermath of the formation of the Union of Aragon in October 1283. Its essential purpose was as a tool of the Valencian nobility to be used against the influence of Catalans and foreigners on the actions of the Crown. By 1285 the Unions had severely curtailed the powers of the king and were hindering his efforts in the War of the Sicilian Vespers and against the Aragonese Crusade  that invaded Catalonia that year. In 1347 during the "cortes" of Zaragoza, the Union of Valencia allied with that of Aragon and demanded the right to appoint a "Justícia" in Valencia like the Aragonese "Unidos" had. They then successfully besieged the royalist castle of Xàtiva. The Union persuaded Ferdinand, Prince of Aragon to be their lieutenant-general and, with an army of 30,000, he dealt the royalists a second defeat. Then Peter IV went from Barcelona to Valencia to negotiate with the leaders of the Union. The Aragonese union sent a troop of reinforcements, around 20,000, to Ferdinand. Peter offered  to declare Ferdinand his heir, but negotiations broke down. Peter was briefly imprisoned in Morvedre in early 1348; only the arrival of the Black Death forced his release. When he had again obtained the upper hand, Peter ordered the "great bell" that had been used to rally the "Unidos" to be melted and its liquor poured down the throats of the Union's leaders. Peter was even implicated in the death (by poisoning) of his brother James I, Count of Urgell, that year; James had been a supporter of the Union. On 1 November 1348, the Union attacked the Jews  of Morvedre because they, being by law serfs of the Crown, were considered "de jure" royalists. In 1401 King Martin granted the Union the right to use the royal flag, the "senyera" (actually a likeness of the "penó de la conquesta"), with the Union symbol on it.