Casally modulated preposition
Casally modulated prepositions are prepositions whose meaning is modified by the grammatical case their arguments take. The most common form of this type of preposition is bigovernate; that is the preposition may govern one of two cases. Bigovernate prepositions in German. There exist a reasonable number of bigovernate prepositions in German; these are "an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor" and "zwischen". These prepositions can take either the accusative or dative grammatical cases. The accusative case is used when there is movement relative to the object with which the preposition agrees (e.g. I go into the  cinema, "Ich gehe in das Kino") whereas the dative case is used when the subject of the preposition is static in relation to the object with which the preposition agrees (e.g. I am in the cinema, "Ich bin in dem Kino"), the difference here being between the definite article (das/dem). Bigovernate prepositions in Latin. There are fewer bigovernate prepositions in Latin, the most common of which are "in, sub, subter" and "super". These can take either the accusative or ablative cases. The meaning is modified in a similar way to German. If the preposition takes the accusative then it  carries connotations of motion whereas if it takes the ablative then it suggests that the subject of the preposition is at rest. Compare "eram in horto" (I was in the garden) with "veni in hortum" (I came into the garden). Unlike German the difference between these two examples is expressed through the case-endings on the nouns (horto [ABL]/hortum [ACC]). It is much easier to distinguish between the two examples in Latin because the ablative endings are always different from the accusative endings. It has been suggested that the use of the ablative in this way arose on account of  the merging of the locative and ablative cases. Polygovernate prepositions in Russian. Some prepositions in Russian are monogovernate, one such preposition being к 'towards' governing only the dative case. The great majority, if not almost all prepositions govern two or even three cases. As is the case in German and Latin, most spatial prepositions govern the locative case when there is no movement (some prepositions however govern the instrumental case). The same spatial prepositions govern the accusative case when their complement is the target of a movement. Examples: There are, however, prepositions whose meaning drastically changes when the case of  their complement changes. The most frequently used such preposition is с(o) meaning "[together] with" with instrumental case, "from" with genitive case and "like" with accusative case. Examples: Other less frequently used bigovernate prepositions are по (dative for "on, along" and accusative for "up to") and о(б) (prepositional for "about" and accusative when the complement denotes an object of a clash or touch) The preposition в(о) "in" normally governs either the locative or the accusative case as with any other spatial preposition. However, when someone is elected, his post is the complement of the same preposition in nominative plural. The following  example contains both usages: Polygovernate prepositions in classical Greek. There exist in Classical Greek several polygovernate prepositions in addition to bigovernate and monogovernate prepositions. ἐπί - the meaning of which varies according to three cases: accusative, genitive and dative.