Betta persephone
Betta persephone is a species of gourami endemic to Malaysia where it is only known from Johor. This betta's specific epithet derives from the Greek goddess Persephone, queen of the Underworld, a reference to the largely blackish colouration of this fish. Description. "Betta persephone" is a small species with a maximum length of SL. The males are largely blue-black in colour, with the females exhibiting browner tones. Distribution and habitat. "Betta persephone" has a limited distribution in Malaysia, the type locality being Ayer Hitam in Johor. This "Betta" species inhabits soft, acidic waters at temperatures of  23‒28 °C (73‒82 °F). The typical habitat is closed-canopy forest where it is dark on the forest floor and there is thick vegetation on the banks of the blackwater streams and peat swamps where this fish lives among submerged tree roots. Sometimes it may be forced to live temporarily among the wet leaf litter in periods when the peaty pools dry up. Ecology. In its natural habitat, "Betta persephone" feeds on insects and other small invertebrates. It is a bubble nester, creating a ball of bubbles among submerged vegetation in which to lay its eggs. Status. "Betta  persephone" is listed as "Endangered" on the IUCN Red List, as its natural range is restricted to a very small and diminishing area of swampy water bodies in tropical forests. Its habitat is being diminished by the clearing of the forests to make way for oil palm cultivation. While a delicate species not easily kept in aquaria, it has been bred successfully in captivity.