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Web03 | 2.8.171114.1 | Last Updated 26 Jul 2008 Issue 1, 2001 Health SA Gesondheid - Volume 6,
Issue 1, 2001 Navigate this Journal About Current issue Previous issues Submit a paper Contact the editor Volumes & issues
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Health SA Gesondheid 6 (2001)
All the articles in this edition address the issue of challenges in a person&apos;s ability to actualise his / her own full potential in a quest for health. The health professional&apos;s possible contribution to assist a person to meet the challenges is also highlighted in some of the articles.
Academic achievement and time concept of the learner : research
R.C. Grobler and
Health SA Gesondheid 6, pp 3 –11 (2001)
The time concept and academic achievement of a group of high school learners were investigated and the results are described in this article. The focus was on: the differences between the time concept of high achievers and the time concept of low achievers; the differences in the time concept of high achievers and low achievers according to their mother tongue; and the educational implications of the findings with respect to the learners. These learners&apos; time concept was measured by the application of a structured questionnaire. A group of 1 436 learners were involved in this research. Their academic achievements were rated on a scale of 0 to 100. Two groups were identified: high achievers and low achievers. A difference was found in the time concept of these two groups. Furthermore, the learners were divided into their various mother tongue groups that would give an indication of their time concept with which they grew up. The Afrikaans- and English speaking high achievers were more future directed, more conscientious in their time management, experience less anxiety about the future, were less focussed on the present and were more content with the present and the past than the low achievers. Among the learners with an African language no statistical significant difference were found between the high and low achievers, only 15,3% of them were high achievers. The learners with an African language need to be assisted to develop a linear and integrated time concept. Only then these learners will be able to actualise their full potential.
Die tydkonsep en akademiese prestasie van &apos;n groep hoërskool leerders is ondersoek en die resultate is beskyf in hierdie artikel. Die fokus was op: die verskille tussen die tydkonsep van hoë presteerders en die tydkonsep van lae presteerders; die verskille in die tydkonsep van hoë en lae presteerders verdeel volgens hulle moedertaal; en die opvoedkundige implikasies van bevindings vir leerders. Hierdie leerders se tydkonsep was gemeet deur die toepassing van &apos;n gestruktureerde vraelys. &apos;n Groep van 1 436 leerders is in hierdie ondersoek betrek. Hulle akademiese prestasies is gegradeer van 0 tot 100. Twee groepe is geïdentifiseer: hoë presteerders en lae presteerders. &apos;n Verskil is gevind in die tydkonsep van hierdie twee groepe. Verder is die leerders volgens hulle onderskeie moedertaalgroepe verdeel wat &apos;n aanduiding sou gee van die tydkonsep waarmee hulle grootgeword het. Die Afrikaans- en Engelssprekende hoë presteerders is meer toekomsgerig, meer konsensieus in hulle tydbestuur; ervaar minder toekomsangs, is minder op die hede gerig en is meer tevrede met die hede en verlede as die lae presteerders. By die Afrikataalleerders is geen statisties beduidende verskil gevind tussen die hoë en lae presteerders nie, slegs 15,3% van hulle is hoë presteerders. Die leerders met &apos;n Afrikataal moet begelei word om &apos;n lineêr en geïntegreerde tydkonsep te ontwikkel. Slegs dan sal hierdie leerders by magte wees om hulle volle potensiaal te aktualiseer.
Diagnosis of vaginal infection in pregnancy : research
D.E. Botha and
R. Van der Merwe
Health SA Gesondheid 6, pp 21 –27 (2001)
Vaginale infeksies kom algemeen by swanger vroue voor. By die Primêre Gesondheidsorg klinieke word geskiedenisvasstelling en beraming van kliniese beeld gebruik as metode om die veroorsakende organisme van vaginale infeksie te diagnoseer. Die akkutraatheid van hierdie metode word in die studie ondersoek met behulp van mikroskopiese natsmere om die veroorsakende organismes te identifiseer. Die resultaat soos verkry, met behulp van geskiedenisvasstelling en beraming van kliniese beeld, word vergelyk met die resultaat verkry nadat &apos;n natsmeer van die vaginale afskeiding onder &apos;n mikroskoop ondersoek is. Sewentig respondente het deelgneem aan die studie. In 48,6% van die gevalle het die diagnoses van die veroorsakende organisme, soos bepaal deur die twee verskillende metodes, ooreengestem. In 51,4% van die gevalle het die diagnoses egter nie ooreengestem nie. So is Candida albicans infeksie by ondermeer 10 persone gediagnoseer, terwyl 3 Trichomonas vaginalis infeksie en sewe Gardnerella vaginalis infeksie gehad het. By 26 persone is Trichomonas vaginalis infeksie gediagnoseer; tenwyl 15 eintlik Candida albicans infeksie en 11 Gardnerella vaginalis infeksie gehad het. Vaginale infeksies, veroorsaak deur Gardnerella vaginalis is nie in enige van die gevalle met behulp van geskiedenisvasstelling en beraming van kliniese beeld gediagnoseer nie, terwyl dit in 11 gevalle voorgekom en met behulp van mikroskopiese ondersoek gediagnoseer is.
Pregnant women are prone to vaginal infection. At Primary Health Care Clinics diagnosis of causative organism of vaginal infections is made by using history-taking and assessment of clinical picture methods. The accuracy of these methods is investigated in this study by comparing the results obtained by history-taking and assessment of clinical picture with that which is obtained by examining wet mount specimens under a microscope. Seventy respodents participated in the study. In 48,6% cases, the diagnosis of the causative organism, as identified by the two different methods, were similar. In 51.4% of the cases the diagnosis differed Candida albicans infection was diagnosed by 10 respondents, while 3 actually had Trichomonas vaginalis infection and seven had Gardnerella vaginalis infection. Trichomonas vaginalis infection was diagnosed in 26 cases, while 15 were actually due to Candida albicans and 11 due to Gardnerella vaginalis. Vaginal infections, caused by Gardnerella vaginalis was not diagnosed in any of the cases while the history-taking and assessment of clinical picture methods were used. It did occur in 11 cases and was diagnosed by the method of examining wet mount slides.
Ethical standards for the occupational health-nursing practitioner regarding the HIV positive person in the workplace : research
M. Otto and
The occupational health-nursing practitioner often becomes involved in ethical dilemmas with regard to the handling of HIV-positive people in the workplace in that the interests of the HIV-positive people conflict with the interests of the employer: Therefore, the occupational health-nursing practitioner could find himself / herself acting as mediator between the two parties. Despite the existence of legal norms and ethical standards to regulate the interests of the HIV-positive person in the workplace, no guidelines exist as to how these norms and standards should be operationalised during interaction between the HIV-positive person, the occupational health-nursing practitioner and the employer: The occupational health-nursing practitioner is therefore uncertain as to the manner in which to act professionally within the laid-down ethical standards for HIV-positive people in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines and criteria for the operationalisation of ethical standards for the occupational health-nursing practitioner regarding the HIV-positive person in the workplace. This is done through a literature study with specific reference to current ethical frameworks within the occupational health context, after which the research is focused on two target group, namely the occupational health-nursing practitioners and HIV-positive persons in the workplace. The design of the research is qualitative, explorative and descriptive. In order to assist the occupational health-nursing practitioner to handle the HIV-positive person in the workplace in an ethical manner, guidelines and criteria were compiled for the operationalisation of the standards.
Die beroepsgesondheidsverpleegkundige raak dikwels in etiese dilemmas betrokke ten opsigte van die hantering van die MIV-positiewe persoon by die werkplek deurdat die belange van die MIV-positiewe persoon botsend is met die belange van die werkgewer. Die beroepsgesondheidsverpleegkundige bevind hom / haar as tussenganger en advokaat tussen die twee partye, naamlik die werkgewer en die MIV-positiewe persoon. Ten spyte van die voorsiening van wetlike norme en etiese standaarde om die belange van die MIV-positiewe persoon by die werkplek te reguleer, bestaan daar geen praktykriglyne oor hoe hierdie wetlike norme en etiese standaarde geoperasionaliseer moet word tydens die interaksie tussen die MIV-positiewe persoon, die beroepsgesondheidsverpleegkudinge en die werkgewer nie. Dit skep onsekerheid oor hoe hy / sy as professionele persoon vanuit die gestelde etiese standaarde teenoor die MIV-positiewe persoon by die werkplek behoort op te tree. Hierdie studie het ten doel om riglyne en kriteria vir die opersionalisering van etiese standaarde vir die beroepsgesondheidsverpleegkundige oor die MIV-positiewe persoon by die werkplek te beskryf deur eerstens die literatuur te verken en te beskryf met spesifieke verwysing na die huidige wetlike en etiese raamwerke van die beroepsgesondheidskonteks, en tweedens die verkenning en beskrywing van probleme en oplossings van die twee teikengroepe, naamlike die beroepsgesondheidsverpleegkundige te help om die MIV-positiewe persoon by die werkplek. Die navorsingsontwerp is kwalitatief, verkennend en beskrywend. Ten einde die beroepsgesondheidsvelpleegkundige te help om die MIV-positiewe persoon by die werkplek eties te hanteer is riglyne en kriteria vir die operasinalisering van die etiese standaarde opgestel.
The experience of biological fathers of their partners&apos; termination of pregnancy : research
Antoinette Gmeiner and
Sandra Van Wyk
Health SA Gesondheid 6, pp 28 –37 (2001)
The purpose of this article was to explore and describe how single adult biological fathers experience the termination of pregnancy their partners had. The research design entailed a qualitative, descriptive, explorative and contextual design. Cuba&apos;s model of ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research was applied. The phenomenological strategy was used to collect data from a purposive sample of respondents, consisting of nine adult biological fathers who met the sampling criteria. Three themes emerged from the analysis of respondents which were: powerlessness related to the inability to have a choice in the decision of the termination of pregnancy; emotional turmoil related to the impact of the decision on inter-personal and intra-personal relationships; and lastly psychological defence mechanisms as a way of dealing with the stressful effect of the terminatioin of pregnancy. A literature control was done to verify the results and recontextualise it within the field of psychiatric nursing. Conclusions and recommendations were made.
Die doel van die artikel was om eerstens ondersoek in te stel en te beskryf hoe enkellopende, volwasse biologiese vaders die beëindiging van hul maats se swangerskap beleef. Die navorsingsontwerp was kwalitatief, verkennend, beskrywend en kontekstueel van aard. Guba se model vir vertrouenswaardigheid in kwalitatiewe navorsing is deurgaans toegepas om vertrouenswaardigheid te verseker. Data is ingesamel deur die gebruikmaking van &apos;n fenomenologiese strategie waar &apos;n doelgerigte steekproef van nege volwasse biologies vaders, wat aan die steekproefkriteria voldoen het, geneem was. Die volgende temas is uit die data geïdentifiseer: hulpeloosheid te wyte aan die onvermoë om &apos;n keuse te kan uitoefen in die besluitneming oor die terminasie van swangerskap; emosionele turbulensie rondom die impak van die besluit op interpersoonlike en intrapersoonlike verhoudinge; en laastens psigologiese verdedigingsmeganismes om die stresvolle effek van terminasie van swangerskap te hanteer. &apos;n Literatuurkontrole is daarna gedoen om die resultate te verifieer en binne die veld van psigiatriese verpleegkunde te rekontekstualiseer. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is gemaak.
Support for adult biological fathers during termination of their partners&apos; pregnancy : research
Health SA Gesondheid 6, pp 38 –48 (2001)
Nobody denies the fact that termination of pregnancy has an effect on women, but very few people realise that termination of pregnancy also has a major impact on men. Men experience a sense of powerlessness related to an inability to have a choice in the process of the termination of pregnancy. They also experience emotional turmoil related to the impact of the decision on interpersonal and intra-personal relationships. A way for the adult biological father to deal with these stressful effects is to utilise psychological defence mechanisms (Myburgh, 1999:39-57). The goal of this article is to describe guidelines for the advanced psychiatric nurse practitioner to support adult biological fathers in mobilising their resources and therefore promoting their mental health. A qualitative, descriptive and contextual research design was utilised, where results from phenomenological interviews and a literature control, served as a basis for deducting and describing guidelines for supportive counselling. The counselling process will allow the adult biological father to ventilate his feelings, thoughts and behaviour and put the termination of pregnancy into perspective as a starting point for constructive change, therefore facilitating his mental health.
Niemand ontken dat die beëindiging van swangerskap &apos;n uitwerking op die vrou het nie, maar baie min mense besef dat die beëïndiging van swangerskap ook &apos;n beduidende invloed op mans het. Mans ervaar &apos;n gevoel van magteloosheid ten opsigte van die feit dat hulle geen sê het in die prosedure wat gevolg word om die swangerskap te beëïndig nie. Mans ervaar ook emosionele verwarring ten opsigte van die impak van die besluit op interpersoonlike en intra-persoonlike verhoudings. Volwasse biologiese vaders gebruik verskeie psigologiese verdedigingsmeganismes om die stresvolle uitwerking van die beëïndiging van die swangerskap te probeer hanteer (Myburgh, 1999:39-57). Die doel van hierdie artikel is om riglyne vir die gevorderde psigiatriese verpleegpraktisyn te beskryf om sodoende biologiese vaders te ondersteun in die mobilisering van hulpbronne ter bevordering van hul geestesgesondheid. &apos;n Kwalitatiewe, beskrywende en kontekstuele navorsingsontwerp is gebruik, waar die resultate van fenomenologiese onderhoude en &apos;n literatuurkontrole, as basis gedien het om riglyne vir ondersteunende berading te beskryf. Die beradingsproses sal die volwasse biologiese vader in staat stel om sy gevoelens, gedagtes en gedrag in perspektief te plaas. Dit dien ook as vertrekpunt vir konstruktiewe verandering en dus die fasilitering van sy geestesgesondheid.
A model for psychiatric nursing accompaniment of the patient with mental discomfort : part III : research
Health SA Gesondheid 6, pp 49 –59 (2001)
The research process did not proceed in the traditional step-by-step manner. A theory generating approach was followed by way of exploration and description. The first three levels: factor isolating, factor relating and situation relating theories, were generated. A conceptual framework for psychiatric nursing accompaniment of the patient with mental discomfort was formulated on the basis of concept identification and classification. The concepts mental discomfort, lifestyle functioning and psychiatric nursing accompaniment were identified and subjected to concept analysis. A systematic, logical and consistent approach led to the conceptualisation of the model for psychiatric nursing accompaniment of the patient with mental discomfort. This addressed the initial question according to which the psychiatric nursing specialist could direct her interaction, and also cleared up the confusion surrounding the concept of accompaniment. The quest for wholeness was set as the final goal of the accompaniment events, and lifestyle functioning was established as a unit for assessment and diagnosis. Hypotheses for validation of the model were formulated for follow-up research. The conceptualised model for psychiatric nursing accompaniment of the patient with mental discomfort was followed by a literature survey of models and theories for nursing and related disciplines and critically judged according to their mean themes, application possibilities and limitations. The model for psychiatric nursing accompaniment of the patient with mental discomfort was evaluated on the basis of predetermined criteria. The shortcomings and conclusions were indicated and recommendations were made according to the operational possibilities of the research.
Die navorsingsproses het nie volgens die tradisionele, stapsgewyse metode plaasgevind nie. &apos;n Teoriegenererende uitgangspunt is gebruik deur die toepassing van ondersoek en beskrywing. Die eerste drie vlakke: faktor-isolering, faktor-verwantskap en situasionele verwante teorieë is gegenereer. &apos;n Konseptuele raamwerk vir psigiatriese verpleegkundige begeleiding van die pasiënt met geestesongemak is geformuleer op grond van konsep-identifikasie en -klassifikasie. Die konsepte geestesongemak, lewenstylfunksionering en psigiatriese begeleiding is geïdentifiseer en onderwerp aan konsep-analise. &apos;n Sistematiese, logiese en konsekwente aanslag het gelei tot die konseptualisering van die model vir psigiatriese verpleegkundige begeleiding van die pasient met geestesongemak.
Dit het die oorspronklike vraag aangespreek na aanleiding waarvan die psigiatriese verpleegspesialis haar interaksie kan rig en het ook die verwarring rondom die konsep &apos;&apos;begeleiding" opgeklaar. Die strewe na heelheid was die hoofdoel van die begeleiding en lewenstylfunksionering is daargestel as eenheid vir beraming en diagnosering. Hipoteses vir validasie van die model is geformuleer vir verdere navorsing. Die konsep-model vir psigiatriese verpleegkundige begeleiding van die pasiënt met geestesongemak is gevolg deur &apos;n literatuurstudie van modelle en teorieë vir verpleegkunde en aanverwante dissiplines en is krities beoordeel volgens die hooftemas, toepassingsmoontlikhede en beperkinge. Die model vir psigiatriese verpleegkundige begeleiding van die pasient met geestesongemak is geëvalueer op grond van die voorafbepaalde kriteria. Die tekortkominge en gevolgtrekkings is aangedui en voorstelle is gemaak na aanleiding van die toepassingsmoontlikhede van die navorsing.
Report : Visit to California State University: Los Angeles and Dominiquez Hills Campuses: 1-7 August 1999
Health SA Gesondheid 6, pp 60 –64 (2001)
Overview of the California State University (CSU). Visit to California State University: Los Angeles and Dominiquez Hills Campuses.