Spiraea
Spiraea , sometimes spelled spirea in common names, and commonly known as meadowsweets or steeplebushes, is a genus of about 80 to 100 species of shrubs in the family Rosaceae. They are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity in eastern Asia. The genus formerly included the herbaceous species now segregated into the genera "Filipendula" and "Aruncus"; recent genetic evidence has shown that "Filipendula" is only distantly related to "Spiraea", belonging in the subfamily Rosoideae. Description. "Spiraea" plants are hardy, deciduous-leaved shrubs. The leaves are simple and usually short stalked, and are arranged in a spiralling , alternate fashion. In most species, the leaves are lanceolate (narrowly oval) and about long. The leaf margins are usually toothed, occasionally cut or lobed, and rarely smooth. Stipules are absent. The many small flowers of "Spiraea" shrubs are clustered together in inflorescences, usually in dense panicles, umbrella-like corymbs, or grape-like clusters. The radial symmetry of each flower is five fold, with the flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual. The flowers have five sepals and five white, pink, or reddish petals that are usually longer than the sepals. Each flower has many (15 to 60) stamens. The fruit is an  aggregate of follicles. Ecology. "Spiraea" species are used as food plants by the larvae of many Lepidoptera species, including the brown-tail, the small emperor moth, the grey dagger, the setaceous Hebrew character, and the moth "Hypercompe indecisa". The leaves of "S. betulifolia" are eaten by blue grouse in spring, and the plant is browsed by deer in summer. Uses. Food. Native Americans ate the species "S. betulifolia". Horticulture. Many species of "Spiraea" are used as ornamental plants in temperate climates, particularly for their showy clusters of dense flowers. Some species bloom in the spring, others in midsummer. The following  species, hybrids and cultivars are among those found in cultivation: "Spiraea" 'Arguta' (bridal wreath) and "Spiraea" × "cinerea" 'Grefsheim' have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Traditional medicine. "Spiraea" contain salicylates. Acetylsalicylic acid was first isolated from "Filipendula ulmaria," a species at the time classified in the genus "Spiraea". The word "aspirin" was coined by adding "a-" (for acetylation) to "spirin", from the German "Spirsäure", a reference to "Spiraea". Native American groups have various medicinal uses for local "Spiraea" species. "S. betulifolia" is used for abdominal pain and made into a tea. The Blackfoot use "S.  splendens" root in an enema and to treat venereal conditions. Other. Native Americans found "S. douglasii" useful for making brooms and hanging seafood to cook. Hybrids. There are also numerous named hybrids, some occurring naturally in the wild, others bred in gardens, including several important ornamental plants: