Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach
Art Óg Mac Murchadha Caomhánach (anglicized Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh and Art MacMorrough; 1357 December 1417) was an Irish king who is generally regarded as the most formidable of the later kings of Leinster. He revived not only the royal family's prerogatives, but also their lands and power. During his 42-year reign, he dominated the Anglo-Norman settlers of Leinster. His dominance of the province and its inhabitants, both Gaelic and Hiberno-Norman, was deemed sufficiently detrimental to the colony that Richard II of England spent much of the years 1394 and 1395 sparring  with him. While MacMurrough-Kavanagh did eventually submit to Richard, he renounced this fealty on Richard's departure and made much of his kingdom a death trap for any invading English or Anglo-Irish forces. The Crown accordingly dealt with him cautiously and he was granted an amnesty in 1409. MacMurrough-Kavanagh was married to Anglo-Irish noblewoman Elizabeth le Veel, widow of Sir John Staunton of Clane and the only daughter of Sir Robert le Veel. Through her father, she was the heiress of the Anglo-Norman barony of Norragh. Such an interracial marriage violated the Statutes of Kilkenny  and the Crown thus forfeited Elizabeth's lands, which later became one of the causes of her husband's enmity to the English. They had three sons: Donnchadh, King of Leinster; Diarmuid Lamhdearg; and Gerald, Lord of Ferns. Elizabeth's estates later passed to the Wellesley family, who were ancestors of the Duke of Wellington and descendants of her daughter, Elizabeth, by her first husband. MacMurrough-Kavanagh died soon after Christmas 1417, perhaps in his bed in Ferns, or perhaps was poisoned in New Rossaccounts differ. The 1885 historical novel "Art M'Morrough O'Cavanagh, Prince of Leinster: An Historical Romance of  the Fourteenth Century" by M. L. O'Byrne is a loosely biographical account of his life, written from a nationalist perspective. The politician Arthur MacMurrough Kavanagh (1831–1889) was a descendant of MacMurrough-Kavanagh.