Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
The Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, often shortened to "Triple Crown", is a series of horse races for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. Winning all three of these Thoroughbred horse races is considered the greatest accomplishment in Thoroughbred racing. The term originated in mid-19th-century England and nations where Thoroughbred racing is popular each have their own Triple Crown series. English Triple Crowns. In Great Britain, where the term Triple Crown originated with West Australian's three wins in 1853, it is made up of: Since the 2,000 Guineas was first run in 1809, fifteen horses  (including three winners of substitute races at Newmarket during the First World War) have won the English Triple Crown. The most recent – and only winner since World War II – was Nijinsky, in 1970. For many years, it was considered unlikely that any horse would ever win the English Triple Crown again. In the winter of 2006/2007, however, trainer Jim Bolger was training his unbeaten colt Teofilo for the Triple Crown and bookmaker William Hill plc was offering odds of only 12/1 against Teofilo winning the 2007 Triple Crown. The horse was withdrawn from the 2000 Guineas two days before the  race after suffering a setback and never raced again. Since Nijinsky, only Nashwan (1989), Sea the Stars (2009), and Camelot (2012) have won both the Guineas and the Derby. Between Reference Point in 1987 and Camelot in 2012, no Derby winner (not even the potential Triple Crown winners Nashwan and Sea the Stars) even entered the St. Leger. This reluctance to compete in the St. Leger is said to be because of the impact it would have on a horse's stud value in a market where speed is preferred to stamina. Triple Crown winners. For a list of the  annual individual race winners, see English Triple Crown race winners. Triple Crown winners: †Wartime winners Pommern, Gay Crusader and Gainsborough are not counted, according to many judges, as the three races were all held at Newmarket and racing itself was too disrupted. By this reckoning, there were only 12 triple crown winners, and only three in the 20th century. Failed Triple Crown attempts. The following horses won the 2000 Guineas and Derby but were beaten in the St Leger: Additionally: Fillies Triple Crown. There is also a Fillies Triple Crown for a filly winning the 1,000 Guineas Stakes, Epsom Oaks  and St. Leger Stakes. In the past, this was not considered a true Triple Crown as the best fillies would often run in the Derby and Two Thousand Guineas. As this is no longer the case, the Fillies' Triple Crown would now be considered as comparable as the original. Winners of the Fillies Triple Crown are: Stayers' Triple Crown. The so-called Stayers Triple Crown consists of the most prestigious long-distance races in the British flat racing season: United States Triple Crowns. In the United States, the three races that make up the Triple Crown are: Triple Tiara. There  have been several different versions of the "Triple Tiara" (sometimes known as the Filly Triple Crown) in the United States. One of them was a national version that consisted of undercard events on the same weekends as the associated Triple Crown races: Only one filly won this version of the Triple Tiara, Davona Dale in 1979. Few have even tried as the short time between the Kentucky Oaks and Black-Eyed Susan is generally considered too short for fillies. The most commonly accepted version of the Triple Tiara is the American Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Racing which uses three races  from New York. From 1957 to 2002, and 2007 to 2009, these three races were the Acorn Stakes, the Mother Goose Stakes, and the Coaching Club American Oaks. Eight fillies won this version of the New York Triple Tiara: In 2010, the NYRA changed the configuration of the Triple Tiara to include the Alabama Stakes instead of the Mother Goose. Thus far, no filly has won the reconfigured Triple Tiara. New York Handicap Triple. The New York Handicap Triple is a series of three handicap races run in New York. Although historically notable, the series is now essentially defunct, with  two of the races no longer being run as handicaps, only one of the races maintaining a top-level designation, and two of the races being run on the same day; making a sweep impossible. The series consists of: The triple has been won by four horses: Turf Triple Series. In 2019, the New York Racing Association established two series of races for three-year-olds on the turf: the Turf Trinity and the Turf Tiara. As of 2021, neither has been swept by a singular horse. The Turf Trinity consists of: The Turf Tiara consists of: Ireland. In Ireland , the Triple Crown, modelled on the English equivalent, is made up of All three races are run at the Curragh. Triple Crown winners. For a list of the annual individual race winners, see Irish Triple Crown race winners. Only two horses have won all three races since the Irish Two Thousand Guineas was first run in 1921: Canada. The Canadian Triple Crown comprises the following races: Triple Crown winners. The Canadian Triple Crown was established in 1959 and since then seven horses have won it. In 2014, the Hall of Fame decided to honor the five horses who had won  the three races before 1959, meaning 12 horses are now officially recognized as winning the Canadian Triple Crown. Triple Tiara. The Canadian Triple Tiara consists of: To date, only one filly has won it: Sealy Hill in 2007. Australia. The Australian Triple Crown comprises the following races: The Australian Triple Crown initially included the Canterbury Guineas but now the first leg is the Randwick Guineas. The Spring Grand Slam. The Spring Grand Slam for older horses consists of: The only horse to win the Spring Grand Slam was the New Zealand bred Rising Fast in 1954. The Two Year Old  Triple Crown. The Two-Year-Old Triple Crown, also known as the Two-Year-Old Grand Slam, comprises the following races: Winners of the Two-Year-Old Triple Crown: New Zealand. The New Zealand Triple Crown comprises the following races: The New Zealand Triple Crown is also known as the Hawke's Bay Triple Crown or Hastings Triple Crown as all three races are run there. The only horse to win the New Zealand Triple Crown is Melody Belle in 2019. Three New Triple Crown Series. Three new Triple Crown series were announced for the 2019/2020 season. Each series consists  of three prestigious Group races with a $100,000 bonus for the winner of all three races.The Weight-For-Age Triple Crown The Sprint Triple Crown The Fillies And Mares Triple Crown Germany. In Germany, the Triple Crown ("Dreifache Krone") consists of Only one horse has won the German Triple Crown, "Königsstuhl" in 1979. In East Germany the "Dreifache Krone" consisted of Three horses have won the East German Triple Crown: France. The French Triple Crown consists of: Previously the French Triple Crown consisted of: Two horses have swept the French Triple Crown For fillies: Four fillies have won  all three races: Previously the French Triple Crown for fillies consisted of: No filly ever won the series. Belgium. The Belgian Triple Crown consists of: Known Triple Crown winners in Belgium: The Fillies' Triple Crown in Belgium appears to consist of: One filly is known to have won all three races: Belgium's Jockey Club does not (or will not) disclose histories of its Triple Crown races. It is not known if the lists above are complete, and it is not known if any of the above races are still being run in Belgium. The last Derby Belge for which  there is any known record was in 2011, when the race was won by German-bred Revanta. Hungary. The Hungarian Triple Crown consists of: Hungarian Triple Crown winners are: The Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown (not officially listed by the Hungarian racing authorities) consists of: No filly has swept the Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown. Switzerland. In Switzerland, the Triple Crown series consists of: Plus the series for fillies One horse has won the Swiss Triple Crown. Denmark. In Denmark, the Triple Crown series consists of: Three horses have won the Danish Triple Crown: The Danish Filly Triple Crown consists of: One  filly has swept all three races: Rossard was one of the most successful runners in Denmark's history, being a Grade One winner in the US. She later became a good broodmare, with her son Unusual Heat being a leading sire in California. Sweden. The Swedish Triple Crown consists of: Three horses have swept the Swedish Triple Crown: The Swedish Filly Triple Crown consists of: One filly has swept all three races: Norway. The Norsk Triple Crown series consists of: Eight horses have swept the Norwegian Triple Crown: The Norwegian Filly Triple Crown consists of: No filly has swept all  three races. The Netherlands. The Dutch Triple Crown consists of: The following horses have swept the Dutch Triple Crown: The Dutch Fillies' Triple Crown consists of: The following horses have swept the series: The Dutch Triple Crown races, except the Dutch Derby and possibly the Dutch Oaks, have not been run since around 2008. India. The three races that comprise the Indian Triple Crown are: the Indian 2000 Guineas, the Indian Derby and the Indian St Leger, all run at Mahalaxmi Racecourse in Mumbai. The 2000 Guineas is run in December, and the Derby on the first Sunday of the  following February. The St Leger is usually run in April; between 1970 and 1990 it was run at Pune, before being shifted to Mumbai. It is now again being run in Pune. Ten horses have won the Indian Triple Crown: One filly has swept the series for fillies (Indian 1000 Guineas, Indian Oaks, Indian St. Leger): Kenya. The Kenya Triple Crown series is run at Ngong Racecourse, in Nairobi, and consists of: The three races have been won by: The Kenya Fillies' Triple Crown consists of: The three races have been won by: Turkey. In Turkey, the three races that  compose the Triple Crown are: Three-year-old horses are eligible for the Turkish Triple Crown. Champions of the Turkish Triple Crown are: The Turkish Fillies' Triple Crown (not officially recognized by Turkish racing authorities) consists of: Fillies that have swept this series are: Japan. Japan has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns. Japanese Triple Crown Eight horses have received the Japanese Triple Crown: Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown Six horses have received the Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown: Hong Kong. The Triple Crown series at Hong Kong's Sha Tin Racecourse consists of three races at increasingly longer  distances. Unlike most other Triple Crown events, these races are not confined to three-year-olds. They are: In 1994, River Verdon became the first, and to date, only horse to win the Hong Kong Triple Crown. There are two other Triple Crown series: the Hong Kong Speed Series and the Four-Year-Old Classic Series. Hong Kong Speed Series (International Group 1): Mr. Vitality (1995-1996), Grand Delight (2002-2003) and Silent Witness (2003-2004, 2004-2005) are the champion horses of the Hong Kong Speed Series. Four-Year-Old Classic Series (Hong Kong Group 1): <nowiki>*</nowiki> Only for four-year-old horses. Rapper Dragon in 2017 and Golden Sixty in 2020 were the Triple Crown winner horses in the Four-year-old Series. Italy. The Triple Crown series consists in three races at increasingly longer distances. Three horses have swept the Italian Triple Crown: The Italian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of: No filly has swept all three races, but Jacopa de Sellaio (ITY) won the Premio Parioli, Derby Italiano, Premio Regina Elena, and Oaks d'Italia in 1932. Spain. The Triple Crown series consists of: Two horses have swept the Spanish Triple Crown: The Triple Crown for  fillies consists of: One filly has swept all three races: Macau. In Macau, the Macau Jockey Club introduced the Triple Crown Series in 2008, with three races all held in Taipa Racecourse, Macau: In 2009 Macau Jockey Club changed the series for 4-year-old horses: In 2010, Luen Yat Forever become the first and, to date, only horse to win the Macau Triple Crown. Argentina. The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Argentina are: Winners of the Argentinian Triple Crown are: A Quadruple Crown adding the Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini, run over miles on the turf and  open to older horses, is also recognised. Winners include: The Argentinian Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the Argentinian Filly Triple Crown are: Additionally, a San Isidro Colt Triple Crown and San Isidro Filly Triple Crown are recognised. The San Isidro Colt Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the San Isidro Colt Triple Crown are: The San Isidro Filly Triple Crown consists of: As of 2021, no horse has won all three races. Mexico. The Mexican Triple Crown series consists of: All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City. Mexican Triple Crown winners: The  Mexican Fillies' Triple Crown series consists of : All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City. Mexican Filly Triple Crown winners: Chile. The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Chile are: Winners of the Chilean Triple Crown are: Additionally, the Hipódromo Chile has multiple recognized Triple Crowns. The Filly Triple Crown consists of: There have been 4 winners: The Triple Crown consists of: There have been 8 winners: † Designates a filly winner Chile also has a Two-Year-Old Triple Crown, with all three races run on turf at Valparaiso Sporting Club. It consists  of: There have been five winners: Brazil. Brazil has triple crowns run at Hipódromo da Gávea (Rio de Janeiro) and at Hipódromo de Cidade Jardim (São Paulo). The Rio de Janeiro Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: The Rio de Janeiro Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: The São Paulo Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: The São Paulo Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: Peru. The Peruvian Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: The Peruvian Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners are: A Quadruple Crown adding the Gran Premio Nacional Augusto B. Leguia is also recognised. Winners  are: Horses that have won any combination of three of the above races are also sometimes considered Triple Crown winners. Horses that have done this are: Barbados. The Barbados Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing is a series of thoroughbred horse races run annually at Garrison Savannah Racetrack near Bridgetown, Barbados, consisting of races of increasing distance: The winners of the Barbados Triple Crown have been: Dominican Republic. The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in the Dominican Republic are: The winners of the Dominican Republic Triple Crown have been: Jamaica. The Jamaican Triple Crown series at Caymanas Park consists  of: The winners of the Jamaican Triple Crown are: The Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown at Caymanas Park consists of: The winners of the Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown are: Panama. The Panamanian Triple Crown consists of: All of the races are conducted at the Hipódromo Presidente Remon The winners of the Panamanian Triple Crown have been: The Panamanian Filly Triple Crown consists of: Winners of the Panamanian Filly Triple Crown include: Additionally, a Juvenile Triple Crown and Juvenile Filly Triple Crown are recognised, as well as Imported versions of each. The Juvenile Triple Crown consists of: The Juvenile Filly Triple Crown  consists of the Jose A. Perez y Barnabe Perez F. and two other races. The Imported Juvenile Triple Crown consists of: The Imported Juvenile Filly Triple Crown consists of: Poland. In Poland, the Triple Crown ("Potrójna korona") consists of: Known Polish Triple Crown winners are: The classic races for fillies are: No filly is known to have won the Polish Fillies' Triple Crown, which would conclude with the St. Leger. The Polish St. Leger is now open to 3-year-olds and up. Puerto Rico. The Triple Crown series at Puerto Rico's Camarero Racetrack consists of three races at  increasingly longer distances. They are: The Puerto Rico Triple Crown winners are: Uruguay. The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Uruguay are: This combination of races received some publicity outside of Uruguay in 2006. The 2005 Triple Crown winner Invasor, after being sold to Sheik Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum's Shadwell Racing and sent to be raced in the United States, went on to win three Grade I races in 2006 before winning that year's Breeders' Cup Classic. He finished the year as the top-ranked horse in the 2006 World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings, and won  the 2007 Dubai World Cup before being retired to stud following a training injury. Uruguayan Triple Crown winners are: The Uruguayan Filly Triple Crown consists of: Uruguayan Filly Triple Crown winners are: Ecuador has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns: Ecuador. Ecuador Triple Crown Ecuador Fillies' Triple Crown In Ecuador, the Triple Crown consists of: Triple Crown Champions: Venezuela. Venezuela has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns: Venezuelan Official Triple Crown Champions (from 1956): Filly Triple Crown winners are: Philippines. The Philippines Triple Crown series are held at San Lazaro Leisure Park (first leg ), Santa Ana Park (second leg), and MetroTurf Racing Complex (third leg) at unknown lengths and it's winners include: Trinidad and Tobago. The three races that comprise the triple crown of Trinidad and Tobago were established in 1983 and they are: The Trinidad and Tobago triple crown winners are Pre 1983 After 1983 Undefeated Triple Crown winners. The following horses won their Triple Crown when still undefeated. Those marked with an asterisk retired undefeated. Individual Triple Crown winners. Only three jockeys have won the Triple Crown with different horses (i.e., rode horses to Triple Crowns in different years): At least  two jockeys is known to have won all three of a country's Triple Crown races in the same year on different horses: One trainer is known to have accomplished the same feat as Contreras and García Paduani: Back to back Triple Crown winners (jockeys). Don Seymour (Canada) Javier Santiago (Puerto Rico) Most Triple Crown winners (jockeys). Winston Grifiths - Jamaica (5) Alexis Feliciano - Puerto Rico (3) Emisael Jaramillo - Venezuela (3)