Electoral regions of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Parliament of the Australian State of Victoria, are elected from eight multi-member electorates called regions. The Legislative Council has 40 members, five from each of the eight regions. The boundaries of the electoral regions were last drawn in 2013. Reform of 2003. A major reform of the Parliament was made by the Labor government, led by Steve Bracks, by the "Constitution (Parliamentary Reform) Act" 2003. Under the new system, members of the Legislative Council serve terms linked to elections for the Legislative Assembly, which  are fixed four-year terms, unless dissolved sooner. Each electoral region consists of 11 contiguous Legislative Assembly electoral districts with about 420,000 electors each. Each region elects five members to the Legislative Council by a single transferable vote. There are currently 40 members of the Legislative Council, four fewer than previously. The changes also introduced proportional representation, making it easier for minor parties to gain seats in the Legislative Council. With each region electing 5 members, the quota for a seat in each region, after distribution of preferences, is 16.7% (one-sixth). At the same time, the Council's ability  to block supply was removed. The Electoral Boundaries Commission drew the boundaries of the new regions in 2005. The new system came into effect for the 2006 Victorian election. Current regions. Victoria is divided into eight electoral regions, 3 rural and 5 metropolitan: The boundaries of the electoral regions were last drawn in 2013. In the redistricting that was undertaken for the upcoming 2022 election the Eastern Metropolitan Region is to be renamed the North Eastern Metropolitan region. Provinces 1856 to 2006. The Legislative Council was formerly elected from 22 single-member electorates called "provinces". The members of the council  sat for two assembly terms so two members sat for each province. This is a list of the provinces as of 2005: The following provinces also existed but were abolished prior to 2002: = Original Province of inaugural (upper-house chamber) Legislative Council 1856 The old system tended to favour the Liberal Party and the National Party (often in coalition) over the Labor Party and other parties . This caused many instances where a Labor-controlled Assembly faced an opposition-controlled Council — a rare occurrence elsewhere in Australia. Electoral districts 1851 to 1856. The Victorian Legislative Council was initially a single  chamber (unicameral) when first created and consisted of members some of whom were nominated and some elected. The electoral districts were: