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n Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe - Die moontlikheidsvoorwaardes van metafoorgebruik - : navorsings- en oorsigartikel
Author D.F.M. Strauss1
Source : Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, Volume 52, Issue 4, Dec 2012, p. 613 - 628
Keyword(s) : Analogie, Analogy, Begrip en idee, Begrip en woord, Comparison/simile, Concept and idea, Concept and word, Denke en taal, Interpretasie, Interpretation, Meaning-contradictory, Metafoor, Metafore is verwisselbaar, Metaphor, Metaphors are exchangeable, Sinstrydig, Thought and language and Vergelyking
'n Ondersoek word ingestel na bepaalde kondisies wat die aard van metafoorgebruik onderlê en eers moontlik maak. Dit blyk dat die onderskeiding tussen letterlike en figuurlike taalgebruik eersgenoemde nie bo die algemeen-interpretatiewe aard van alle taalgebruik verhef nie, waaruit volg dat nie alle taalgebruik metafories is nie. Aristoteles se bydrae verg dat gelet word op die verband tussen logos, analogon en alogos wat verband hou met die verskil tussen begrip en woord en na die gegewe dat 'n metafoor iets wat "sin-strydig" (άλογον) is, bevat. 'n Vergelyking is nie 'n metafoor nie. Die Ilias van Homeros se metaforiese gebruik van die woord leeu word opgevolg deur te let op die hipoteties-fiktiewe kant van 'n metafoor. Die onderskeidenheid van begrip en woord maak tipiese semantiese verskynsels eers moontlik. Die voortgesette bespreking belig ook die rol van die menslike inbeeldingsvermoë in metafoorgebruik en vestig ten slotte die aandag op die aard van egte analogieë - wat na vore tree wanneer twee gegewens ooreenstem in die opsig waarin hulle verskil. Ten slotte word die elf kondisies of voorwaardes waaraan in die artikel aandag geskenk is, bondig puntsgewys saamgevat.
Conditions of possibility for the use of metaphor
Faced with the vast literature on the nature of metaphoricity, this article restricts its investigation to some of the prominent conditions underlying and making metaphors possible - thus pursuing a transcendental-empirical approach - where the word transcendental does not have an epistemological but rather an ontic meaning. Making a distinction between literal and figurative language-use does not elevate the former above the general interpretative nature of all language-use and at the same time does not mean we have to accept the view that all language is metaphorical. A brief explanation of the etymology of the word metaphor is followed up by referring to the well-known fourfold distinction made by Aristotle. In particular, the fourth element of Aristotle's reflection on the nature of metaphor generated attention for the connection between logos, analogon and alogos - terms pointing towards the difference between concept and word and to the fact that a metaphor contains something nonsensical ("Sinnwidrig" or "Widersinnig," a "meaning-contradiction" - άλογον). Boyle (Black 1998:21) alludes to the "mystery" of a metaphor which is "simply that, taken as literal, a metaphorical statement appears to be perversely asserting something to be what it is plainly known not to be". An analysis of the relationship between comparison (as a simile) and a metaphor in particular, highlights the nature of similarities which, in connection with Aristotle's approach, also bears upon identity. Within the context of his distinction between discrete quantity and continuous quantity, Aristotle discerns an equality of ratios. Just like a comparison contains four elements - where the element of comparison is taken twice, every point of division on a continuum is also taken twice - as end-point of the one part and as starting-point of the other. An assessment of the nature of a comparison and a metaphor brings to light that although the former is foundational to the latter, the two cannot be equated, because the words employed in a comparison maintain their meanings without any transfer of meaning.
Persistent Link : https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC129921