Alita: Battle Angel
Alita: Battle Angel is a 2019 American cyberpunk action film based on Yukito Kishiro's manga "Gunnm" (aka "Battle Angel Alita" in English). It was directed by Robert Rodriguez, produced by James Cameron and Jon Landau, and written by Cameron and Laeta Kalogridis. Rosa Salazar stars through performance-capture animation as Alita, a cyborg who awakens in a new body with no memory of her past and sets out to uncover her destiny. Christoph Waltz, Jennifer Connelly, Mahershala Ali, Ed Skrein, Jackie Earle Haley and Keean Johnson star in supporting roles. Announced in 2003, production was repeatedly  delayed due to Cameron's work on "Avatar" (2009) and its sequels. After years of development hell, Rodriguez was announced as "Alita"'s director in April 2016, with Salazar cast as the lead the following month. Principal photography began in October 2016 in Austin, Texas, mostly at Rodriguez's Troublemaker Studios, and lasted until February 2017. "Alita: Battle Angel" had its world premiere at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on January 31, 2019, and was released in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan on February 5, 2019, marking Chinese New Year. It was released in  the United States on February 14, 2019, by 20th Century Fox in RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema, 4DX, ScreenX, and IMAX 3D formats. It is the first film produced by Lightstorm Entertainment since "Avatar", and the last film released by 20th Century Fox before the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney. The film grossed over $404 million worldwide, making it Rodriguez's highest-grossing film, and it received generally mixed reviews from critics, who praised Salazar's performance, the action scenes, and the visual effects, but criticized the screenplay. Plot. In 2563, 300 years after Earth was devastated by  a catastrophic war known as "The Fall", scientist Dr. Dyson Ido discovers a disembodied female cyborg with an intact human brain while scavenging for parts in the massive scrapyard of Iron City. Ido attaches a new cyborg body to the brain and names her "Alita" after his deceased daughter. Alita awakens with no memory of her past and quickly befriends Hugo, a young man who dreams of moving to the wealthy sky city of Zalem. She also meets Dr. Chiren, Ido's estranged ex-wife. Hugo later introduces Alita to Motorball, a "Rollerball"-like racing sport played by cyborg gladiators. Secretly , Hugo robs cyborgs of their parts for Vector, owner of the Motorball tournament and the 'de facto' ruler of the Factory, Iron City's governing authority. One night, Alita follows Ido; they are ambushed by a gang of cyborg serial killers led by Grewishka. Ido is injured, and Alita instinctively fights using "Panzer-Kunst", a lost combat art for machine bodies. She kills two of the cyborgs and damages Grewishka, who retreats. Ido reveals that he is a Hunter-Warrior, a bounty hunter hired by the Factory. Grewishka goes to Dr. Chiren, who is working for Vector, for help. Despite  Alita believing that fighting will help her rediscover her past, Ido discourages her from becoming a Hunter-Warrior. Alita finds a highly advanced cyborg body in a crashed spaceship outside the city. Recognizing that the body belonged to a Berserker—deadly shock troops of the enemy nation United Republics of Mars (URM) from the Fall, of which Alita was a member—Ido refuses to install Alita in it. Frustrated, Alita registers herself as a Hunter-Warrior. At the Kansas Bar, she and Hugo are unable to recruit other Hunter-Warriors to help her take down Grewishka. Zapan, a cyborg Hunter -Warrior bully, provokes Alita, and she severely beats him in a fight, triggering a chaotic bar brawl until Ido arrives to intervene. Suddenly, an upgraded Grewishka appears and challenges Alita to a duel, revealing that he has been sent by Zalem's technocrat overlord, Nova, to destroy her. Despite her combat skills, Alita's body is damaged by Grewishka, before Ido, Hugo and Hunter-Warrior dogmaster McTeague arrive and force Grewishka to retreat. Ido apologizes and transplants Alita into the Berserker body. Having fallen in love with Hugo, Alita enters a Motorball tryout race for the prize money to send  Hugo to Zalem. Hugo's relationship with Alita leads him to decide to quit his criminal job. He confronts his partner Tanji, but Zapan appears, kills Tanji and frames Hugo for the murder of another cyborg. Hugo narrowly escapes and calls Alita for help; she abandons the race and finds him just as Zapan does. Zapan mortally wounds Hugo. Dr. Chiren, having changed her mind about working for Vector, offers to help save Hugo by attaching his severed head to Alita's life support system. When Zapan sees through the trick and attempts to stop Alita, she seizes his prized  Damascus blade and injures him. Ido transplants Hugo's head onto a cyborg body and tells Alita that Vector's offer to help Hugo reach Zalem was a lie; as an exiled citizen of Zalem, Ido is certain that citizens of Iron City cannot enter Zalem without becoming a motorball champion. Alita storms the Factory and confronts Vector, who reveals that Chiren has been harvested for her organs. Vector summons Grewishka, but Alita's new nanotech body allows her to easily destroy him. She forces Nova to speak to her through Vector. When Nova threatens to harm her friends , Alita fatally stabs Vector. Ido tells Alita that Hugo has fled to climb a cargo tube towards Zalem. Alita catches up to him and pleads with him to return with her. He eventually agrees, but a serrated defense ring dropped by Nova shreds his body and throws him off the tube. Alita catches him but cannot pull him up. Hugo thanks Alita for saving him before falling to his death. Months later, Alita is a rising superstar in the Motorball tournament. Cheered on by the crowd, she pledges vengeance by pointing her plasma-charged sword toward Zalem, where Nova  watches from above, smirking. Michelle Rodriguez plays Alita's cyborg mentor Gelda, Jai Courtney cameos as Motorball champion Jashugan, and Edward Norton has a cameo as Nova. All three are uncredited. Production. Development. "Battle Angel Alita", an early-1990s Japanese cyberpunk manga series written by Yukito Kishiro, was originally brought to James Cameron's attention by filmmaker Guillermo del Toro, and Cameron immediately became enamored with the concept. The domain name "battleangelalita.com" was registered to James Cameron by 20th Century Fox around June 2000. Fox also registered the "battleangelmovie.com" domain. In April 2003, it was reported by Moviehole that Cameron had  confirmed he would direct a "Battle Angel" film. Cameron confirmed that a script for the film was in production during an interview on the "Tokudane!" program on Fuji TV on May 4, 2003. It was originally scheduled to be his next production after the TV series "Dark Angel", which was influenced by "Battle Angel Alita". It was later scheduled to be his next film after "Aliens of the Deep" in January 2005. In June 2005, "The Hollywood Reporter" claimed that the film was being delayed while Cameron developed a film known as "Project 880", which would later be renamed "Avatar . Entertainment Weekly" ran an interview in February 2006 in which Cameron stated that his deal with 20th Century Fox was that he produce both films.<ref name="EW 9/09"></ref> The article also claimed that "Battle Angel" was slated to be released in September 2009. In June 2006, Cameron commented that "Battle Angel" was the second of two planned film trilogies he was developing, with the first being "Avatar". In May 2008, Cameron indicated he would be working on a film titled "The Dive", a biography of freedivers Francisco Ferreras and Audrey Mestre, thus delaying the film again. That July, at the  San Diego Comic-Con International, he reiterated that he was still committed to making the film. In December 2009, Cameron commented during an interview with MTV News that a script for "Battle Angel" had been completed. In February 2010, producer Jon Landau commented that he was trying to convince Cameron to change the title from the manga to "Alita: Battle Angel" for the film. Cameron later explained the reason for rearranging the film title from the initial source material, was to allow the possibilities of sequel titles, "It's "Alita", colon, "Battle Angel". Because the next one will be ""Alita : Fallen Angel"" and then "Alita"... you know ""Avenging Angel"" and then "Alita" whatever. I mean, that's assuming we make some money". Landau also revealed that screenwriter Laeta Kalogridis had worked on writing the film. In August 2010, Cameron stated that the film was "still on [his] radar", but he did not know when he would make it. However, that October, he confirmed that his next films would be two "Avatar" sequels instead of "Battle Angel". He still stated that he did not intend to abandon the film, stating that he loved the project too much to hand it off  to another director, but reiterated in June 2011 that it would not be produced until the two "Avatar" sequels were completed, stating that ""Battle Angel" is not going to happen for a few years". According to Cameron, his reason for producing "Avatar" first is because he believes that the film can raise public awareness of the need for environmental protection. During an interview with Alfonso Cuarón in July 2013, Cameron set 2017 as the date at which production on the film would begin. In October 2015, "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that director Robert Rodriguez was in negotiations to direct the  film, now titled "Alita: Battle Angel", and Cameron would be attached as producer alongside Jon Landau. Rodriguez had been brought in by Cameron to condense and combine Cameron's 186-page screenplay and some 600 pages of notes into what could be the shooting script. Satisfied by Rodriguez's work on the shooting script, Cameron offered him the directing job. In April 2016, "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that 20th Century Fox had not yet greenlit the film, as they were attempting to reduce the budget to something below $175–$200 million. The article also announced that Rodriguez had been signed  as director. In late May 2016, Fox scheduled the film for a July 20, 2018 release date. Pre-production. With James Cameron as potential director, the film was to be produced with the same mix of live-action and computer-generated imagery that Cameron used in "Avatar". Specifically, Cameron intended to render the main character, Alita, completely in CGI. Cameron had stated that he would make use of technologies developed for "Avatar" to produce the film, such as the Fusion Camera System, facial performance capture, and the Simulcam. In May 2006, "Variety" reported that Cameron had spent the past ten  months developing technology to produce the film. In October 2018, Mark Goerner, a digital artist who had worked on the film for a year and a half, commented that pre-production work on the film was mostly finished. In a February 2019 interview, Cameron revealed that he set the floating city of Zalem in Panama, specifically Panama City. He explained that the city Zalem is not floating, but hanging from a space elevator, which would only work physically near the equator. As a result of the new location, Iron City was designed with Spanish signage and Latin American architecture. Casting . An April 2016 article in "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that Maika Monroe, Rosa Salazar, and Zendaya were among the final actresses being considered to take the role of Alita in the film, with a decision due within a few weeks. The article reported that Zendaya's former "Shake It Up" co-star Bella Thorne had also auditioned for the role. Near the end of May 2016, Collider reported that Salazar had been chosen. In August 2016, it was reported that Christoph Waltz was in negotiations to play Dr. Dyson Ido, the equivalent of Daisuke Ido from the original manga. On  September 14, 2016, it was announced that Jackie Earle Haley had been cast as a cyborg villain. On September 21, 2016, "Variety" reported that Ed Skrein was in talks for a role in the film; "The Hollywood Reporter" later confirmed that he had been cast as the antagonist Zapan. On September 30, 2016, Keean Johnson was reported to have been cast in the film to play Hugo, Alita's love interest, who later becomes the reason for her to play a gladiator-style game called Motorball. The studio also considered Avan Jogia, Douglas Booth, Jack Lowden, and Noah Silver for  the role, but decided on Johnson because they were looking for someone more "ethnically ambiguous". On October 3, 2016, Mahershala Ali was reportedly in talks for the villainous role of Vector, a man who rigs Motorball combat matches. In an interview following his Best Supporting Actor win at the 89th Academy Awards, Ali revealed that he would play two roles in the film, although he did not elaborate on the nature of the second role. On October 5, 2016, it was reported that Eiza González had joined the film. González is one of the leads in Rodriguez's television series  . Jorge Lendeborg Jr. was announced for a role in the film on October 7, 2016. He would play Hugo's friend. Lana Condor was reported to have joined the cast on October 11, 2016, portraying the orphaned teen Koyomi. On October 18, 2016, Leonard Wu was cast as the cyborg Kinuba. Marko Zaror joined the cast as the cyborg Ajakutty in December 2016. On February 7, 2017, Jennifer Connelly joined the film in an unknown villainous role. Michelle Rodriguez was retroactively announced for a role on February 22, 2017, after the film had completed shooting. Filming. The film began shooting  at Robert Rodriguez's Troublemaker Studios in Austin, Texas on October 17, 2016, and concluded on February 9, 2017. In late January 2017, a casting call went out looking for rocker, punk, or emo extras to film scenes in Austin on the nights of February 3, 6 and 7, 2017. Music. On December 17, 2018, it was announced that Dua Lipa would have a song featured on the film's soundtrack titled "Swan Song". The song and official music video were released on January 24, 2019, with the official music video directed by Floria Sigismondi. Junkie XL composed the score  for the film as well as the song "Swan Song" as a co-writer. The soundtrack was released on February 15, 2019 by Milan Records. Visual effects. The visual effects were provided by Weta Digital, DNEG and Framestore and supervised by Joe Letteri, Eric Saindon, Nick Epstein, Raymond Chen and Nigel Denton-Howes. Weta Digital was the primary vendor for the Alita digital puppet, which required the company to redesign its motion capture methods to capture all the subtleties and complexities of Salazar's performance. Release. The film held its world premiere on January 31, 2019, at the Odeon Leicester  Square in London. On January 28, 2019, Cameron announced that the film would hold free one-day previews in the United States on January 31, 2019. The film was released by 20th Century Fox in the United States on February 14, 2019, in standard, 3D, Dolby Cinema, 4DX, ScreenX and IMAX 3D formats. It was originally set to be released on July 20, 2018, but in February 2018, the film was delayed to December 21 before later being pushed back again in late September to its final release date, with a PG-13 cut of "Deadpool 2" taking its place. The  film was released in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Macau, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan on February 5, 2019, marking Chinese New Year. the Philippines on February 6, India on February 8 and Japan and Mainland China on February 22. It is also notable for being the final film from Fox to be released as a stand alone studio, as a month later on March 20, 2019, the studio was acquired by The Walt Disney Company and would distribute future films under them starting with the release of "Breakthrough". The film was re-released in theatres on October 30, 2020. Marketing . The first trailer for the film was released on December 8, 2017, with a July 2018 release in mind. The footage received a mixed response, with a majority of the commentary focusing on the appearance of the titular character, Alita. Andrew Liptak of "The Verge" stated that "The character looks like an anime doll come to life, or like a Disney character that's just a hair off from normal. It's probably a deliberate choice, meant to remind viewers at every moment that Alita isn't human. But after so many years of CGI animators trying to mimic convincing  human faces and not entirely succeeding, it's still unsettling to see a character hovering this close to realistic, while staying this far away from it." Adam Chitwood of Collider was intrigued and cautiously optimistic, saying, "This thing looks bonkers, and now it's crystal clear why Cameron was considering directing this in the first place. The choice to make your protagonist a photo-real CGI creation interacting with actual human characters is mighty ambitious, and I can say with certainty this doesn't look like anything Robert Rodriguez has done before. I don't know if it'll be  good, but it definitely seems like it'll at least be interesting." A second trailer was shown at SDCC 2018 and made its way online on July 23, 2018, with a December 2018 release in mind. The trailer featured a cover of Linkin Park's "New Divide", covered by composer J2 featuring vocalist Avery. The third trailer was released in November 2018, almost a year after the first trailer was launched. A tie-in novel was released on November 20, 2018, written by sci-fi author Pat Cadigan. Entitled "Iron City", the novel's story acted as a prequel focused  on some of the residents living in Iron City before the events of the film. An audiobook adaptation of the novel was also released on the same date, narrated by Brian Nishii. Alongside the release of the film, another novel titled "Dr. Ido's Journal" by Nick Aires was published on February 19, 2019. Three hundred limited-edition copies of "The Art and Making of the Movie" by Abbie Bernstein were signed by Robert Rodriguez. The official novelization of the film was released on the same date, written by Pat Cadigan. In January 2019, Cameron and 20th Century Fox partnered  with Open Bionics to give 13-year-old double amputee Tilly Lockey a pair of Alita-inspired bionic Hero Arms for the film's London premiere. In February 2019, 20th Century Fox collaborated with Iam8bit to create "Passport to Iron City", a recreation of the film's setting for fans to tour. "Passport to Iron City" is available in New York City, Los Angeles, and Austin. Lawsuit. On January 30, 2019, Epic Stone Group, a Florida-based multimedia company, sued 20th Century Fox for trademark infringement over the "Battle Angel" name. The lawsuit claims that Epic Stone Group had filed  the trademark for "Battle Angel" in 2009 for computer games, action figures and other merchandise, and it had filed a new application in April 2018 to use the name on DVDs, e-books, films and television programs. On May 30, 2019, Epic Stone Group filed to dismiss their trademark infringement suit against 20th Century Fox with prejudice. Box office. "Alita: Battle Angel" grossed in the United States and Canada, and in other countries, for a worldwide total of , against a production budget of . It is Robert Rodriguez's highest-grossing film. Estimates vary for the total worldwide gross the film  needed in order to break even, with Fox insiders stating but outside financial publications pegging the amount at $400500 million. Some contend the film broke even by the end of its theatrical run, others listed its losses as high as $53 million. North America (the United States and Canada). In the United States and Canada, the film was initially projected to gross $18–22 million in its opening weekend, and around $25 million from 3,790 theaters over its first four days. After making $8.7 million on its first day (including $2.4 million from Wednesday night  previews), five-day projections were increased to $36–40 million. It then made $7.5 million on its second day of release and went on to debut to $28.5 million in the weekend, finishing first at the box office. It also had a four-day gross of and five-day total of . Opening weekend audiences consisted of 60% male and 40% female, with demographics including 44% White, 21% Hispanic, 15% Asian American and 14% African American. The film dropped 58% in its second weekend, making $12 million and finishing second behind newcomer "", and then made $7 million  in its third, finishing third. Other territories. "Alita" opened a week early in 11 international markets (including ten Asian countries as well as the United Kingdom), where it grossed in its opening weekend. It opened at number two in South Korea with , first in Taiwan with (where it was Fox's fourth-biggest opening ever), in the United Kingdom (with a 42% being from 3D shows), and in Malaysia (where it was Fox's second-biggest opening ever). In its second international weekend, the film grossed from 86 markets, bringing its international gross to . It was the weekend's second -highest-grossing film with $84 million worldwide, behind the Chinese film "The Wandering Earth". In China, "Alita" earned from early midnight previews prior to release. It had a China opening-day gross of on February 22, 2019, surpassing expectations, with its opening-weekend projection increasing from to over . The film's daily gross increased to on its second day, for a two-day gross of in China. The film had an opening weekend gross of in China, making it Fox's biggest opening of all time in the country. It also set a new February IMAX record, with (14 %) from 603 IMAX screens in China. Chinese opening weekend audiences consisted of 54% male and 46% female. In Japan, the film launched with in its opening weekend. In its third international weekend, it topped the international box office with in 82 markets. The film also topped the worldwide box office that weekend with $104.4 million. Home media. "Alita: Battle Angel" was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on digital platforms on July 9, 2019, with Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD releases following on July 23. The 4K version was Fox's first 4K  release to utilize Dolby Vision (alongside rival format HDR10+ on the same disc; Fox had already released films in that format and was a backer) and includes a bonus 3D version of the film on a separate disc. It was a hit on home video, topping the Blu-ray charts for two weeks in a row, . , it has grossed at least in home video sales. Reception. Critical response. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, "Alita: Battle Angel" holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, ""Alita: Battle  Angel"s story struggles to keep up with its special effects, but fans of futuristic sci-fi action may still find themselves more than sufficiently entertained." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 49 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an overall positive score of 78% and a 59% "definite recommend". Michael Nordine of "IndieWire" gave the film a grade of "B+", saying, ""Alita: Battle Angel" is [Rodriguez 's] best film since he brought Frank Miller's graphic novel to the screen, a sci-fi epic that does something rare in an age of endless adaptations and reboots: lives up to its potential while leaving you wanting more." Writing for "Variety", Guy Lodge praised Rodriguez's effort but called the film "muddled" and wrote: "This manga-based cyberpunk origin story is a pretty zappy effects showcase, weighed down by a protracted, soul-challenged Frankenstory that short-circuits every time it gets moving." Monica Castillo from "RogerEbert.com" wrote that the "visual bonanza cooked up by Rodriguez, cinematographer Bill Pope  and editors Stephen E. Rivkin and Ian Silverstein is enough to power through any narrative bumps with quickly paced action and bleak, yet colorful, imagery" and gave the film 2.5 out of 4. Emily Yoshida of "New York" magazine was critical of the film but ultimately found it charming, and praised Salazar's performance "The only reason any of this works at all is Salazar and, I hate to say it, those goddamned big eyes. They're the windows to the soul, after all, and this ungainly, lurching cyborg of a would-be blockbuster has more of that than meets  the eye." Accolades. The film was nominated for Best Science Fiction Film at the 45th Saturn Awards, but lost to "Ready Player One". It was also nominated for a Hollywood Professional Association award. It was also submitted for Oscar FX consideration. However, it did not get in. Planned sequels. James Cameron and Robert Rodriguez have hinted that the film could lead to multiple sequels. On February 6, 2019, they announced that they have plans for "Alita: Battle Angel 2" in the future. The casting of Edward Norton in a non-speaking role as Nova in this film was intended to  be a setup for the sequel. Additionally, the uncredited cameos by Michelle Rodriguez and Jai Courtney were meant to set up larger roles in a sequel. In April 2020, Christoph Waltz stated that he had not heard any discussions about a potential sequel to the film, and thought the possibility was unlikely following Disney's acquisition of 20th Century Fox as it may not fit in with the Disney culture. However, in January 2021, the director Robert Rodriguez said that he was hoping that a sequel to the film would be made. Later on, during an interview with "The Nerdy  Basement", Rodriguez claimed that he would try pitching an "Alita" sequel if "The Book of Boba Fett" series, directed by him, succeeded in "knock[ing] people's socks off". Legacy. In September 2020, a social media campaign took place with fans petitioning for U.S. cinema chain Cinemark to re-release the film in theaters before the end of the year as a way to gauge public interest in a potential sequel. Cinemark quickly responded stating that they were considering it. On October 7, James Cameron confirmed that the film would indeed be returning to select theaters on October 30 while voicing  support for #AlitaArmy. Director Robert Rodriguez also voiced his support for the movement. Regal Cinemas and AMC Theatres also confirmed that the film would be shown in their theaters before the former announced the temporary closure of their locations due to diminishing returns as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. About the movie's reception, Rodriguez said, "The fans still didn't let anyone forget that they loved that movie. It's almost better than having a movie that does really well but no one remembers in 6 to 8 years."