Easter Island is situated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and was one of the primary islands of the Polynesian Island group. Hundreds of stone statues or &apos;Maoi&apos; lie scattered around the island, and encircle it on long raised platforms. The island poses several questions in regards pre-Columbian contact with the Americas. The small, isolated nature of the island has led many to suggest that this may have led to the eventual implosion of tribal activity on the island, which culminated only shortly before its discovery by the Dutch in 1772. History The figure has been shown to date back some 3,000 years, to the Bronze Age , by means of optically stimulated luminescence dating carried out following archaeological investigations in 1994. These studies produced three dates ranging between 1400 and 600 BC. Iron Age coins that bear a representation comparable to the Uffington White Horse have been found, supporting the early dating of this artifact; counter suggestions that the figure was fashioned in the Anglo-Saxon period now seem untenable. [ 1 ] Numerous other prominent prehistoric sites are located nearby, notably Wayland&apos;s Smithy , a long barrow less than two kilometres to the west. The Uffington is by far the oldest of the white horse figures in Britain, and is of an entirely different design from the others. [ 2 ] It has long been debated whether the chalk figure was intended to represent a horse or some other animal . However, it has been called a horse since the eleventh century at least. A cartulary of Abingdon Abbey , compiled between 1072 and 1084, refers to &amp;quot;mons albi equi&amp;quot; at Uffington (&amp;quot;the White Horse Hill&amp;quot;). [ 3 ] The horse is thought to represent a tribal symbol perhaps connected with the builders of Uffington Castle . White Horse Hill and Dragon Hill (right) It is quite similar to horses depicted on pre- Roman British coinage and the Marlborough bucket. Until the late 19th century the horse was scoured every seven years as part of a more general local fair held on the hill. When regular cleaning is halted the figure quickly becomes obscured; it has always needed frequent work for the figure to remain visible. In August 2002 the figure was defaced with the addition of a rider and three dogs by members of the &amp;quot;Real Countryside Alliance&amp;quot; (Real CA). The act was denounced by the Countryside Alliance . [ 4 ] Hierdie sewe klei koppe is vernoem na die hedendaagse dorp waar dit gevind is. Die koppe is ongeveer 500 v.C hier begrawe, wat hul die oudste ystertydperk kunswerke in Suiderlike Afrika maak. Dit is moontlik in seremonies gebruik as maskers. Mapungubwe was ‘n stad van die Shona mense wie se ryk oor Botswana en Zimbabwe gestrek het. Die stad is van 1050 tot 1270 n.C bewoon. Hierdie mense was jagters, maar het ook vee soos beeste, bokke en skape gehad en sorgum en bone aangeplant. Hul het met verskeie ander volke handel gedryf, en glas krale is algemeen gebruik as versiering. Hulle het goud, tin en koper myne gehad, en was bekwame metaalwerkers. Die stad bestaan uit ‘ n reuse buitemuur gebou met 900 000 blokke steen en twee torings in die middel. Die mense het tot 1450 hier gewoon totdat die mense dit finaal verlaat het. Primitiewe kuns in afrika
Primitiewe kuns in Afrika Gr.10 2.
Nou wat het in Afrika gebeur? <ul><li>Nie megaliete/ beeldjies nie </li></ul><ul><li>Wel- rotskilderings </li></ul><ul><li>11 000- 26 000 jr oud </li></ul><ul><li>Oudste skilderings kan in Namibie gevind word. </li></ul><ul><li>Gravure, of petrogliewe </li></ul><ul><li>Kom voor in grotte </li></ul>
Gravure, of petrogliewe <ul><li>In grotte </li></ul><ul><li>Op oorhangrotse </li></ul><ul><li>Klipbanke in die oop veld </li></ul><ul><li>Anders as die skilderings in Europa </li></ul><ul><li>Hoe? </li></ul><ul><li>Nader aan natuurlike ligbronne </li></ul>
Waar??? <ul><li>Drakensberge in Natal </li></ul><ul><li>Malutis (Lesotho) </li></ul><ul><li>Brandberg (Namibie) </li></ul><ul><li>Cederberge (Wes-Kaap) </li></ul><ul><li>Waterberge (Noord-Transvaal) </li></ul><ul><li>Matopos (Zimbabwe). </li></ul><ul><li>Kimberly </li></ul>
Wanneer??? <ul><li>Die oudste gravure dateer 10 200 v.C </li></ul><ul><li>Waar? </li></ul><ul><li>Kimberly </li></ul><ul><li>Geen kleur </li></ul><ul><li>Slegs in die klip ingekrap. </li></ul>
Wie??? <ul><li>Suid-Afrikaanse rotskuns (skilderings) word direk verbind met die kultuur en geloof van die San. </li></ul><ul><li>Hierdie skilderings is moontlik tydens rituele seremonies gemaak en nie vir dekorasie nie. </li></ul><ul><li>n Shaman of “toor-man” gemaak word, en nie deur ‘n kunstenaar nie </li></ul>
Hoekom?? <ul><li>Seremonies </li></ul><ul><li>Mense kon nie lees of skryf nie, hul simbole en prente gebruik het om belangrike gebeurtenisse vas te le. </li></ul><ul><li>Geluk tydens jag. </li></ul><ul><li>Kry mag oor iets as dit geteken word. </li></ul><ul><li>Diere word dikwels uitgebeeld as gewond en sterwend, wat die sukses van die jag aandui. </li></ul>
Kuns “Toolbox” <ul><li>Dieselfde as die “Pre-historiese” </li></ul><ul><li>Kan julle nog onthou??? </li></ul>
Ander voorbeelde van Pre-historiese kuns Gravure in Utah 21.
Piktografie in Utah 22.
Australiese rotsskildering 23.
Gravure in Mexico 24.
“ Water Henge” Engeland 25.
Bison gekerf uit rots 27.
Perd gekerf uit steen 28.
Lynsketse in Noord Amerika 29.
“ White horse hill” – Engeland 30.
..en in Suider-Afrika <ul><li>Die Lydenburg-koppe </li></ul>
Mapungubwe <ul><li>Mapungubwe </li></ul>
<ul><li>Met die verandering van klimaat en ‘n groot droogte het die mense Mupangubwe verlaat. Groot Zimbabwe is een van die nedersettings wat in die suide gebou is. </li></ul>