Issue 1, 2014 Journal for Juridical Science - Volume 39,
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Rethinking legal skills education in an LLB curriculum
L. Biggs and
Journal for Juridical Science 39, pp 1 –30 (2014)
Over the past decade, there have been growing complaints regarding the low levels of literacy, research and numeracy skills demonstrated by law graduates in practice, and a call for universities to more adequately address these skill gaps. The Faculty of Law at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) responded to this call by redesigning their first-year Legal Skills course using a stand-alone skills-based model and a context-based teaching approach. The redesign process is outlined and particular themes in each stage of the process are discussed. This includes identifying contextual factors, defining essential skills; course content analysis; course restructuring; teaching reformulation; adaptation of assessment and feedback; implementing a blended learning approach, and collaboration within the Faculty and across faculties and service providers. The article argues that a stand-alone skills-based model can be effective in developing a minimum level of competence, but that a sense of shared responsibility for skills development across the LLB programme is essential for a higher level of skill attainment. Lessons learned during the redesign process are highlighted, and where possible, recommendations for future considerations are explored.
Herbesinning oor die onderrig van regsvaardighede in die LLB leerplan
Gedurende die afgelope dekade was daar toenemende verontwaardiging in die regspraktyk oor die gebrek aan skryf-, navorsing- en syfervaardighede onder gegradueerde regslui. Dit het gepaard gegaan met &apos;n beroep op universiteite om meer betrokke te raak ten einde hierdie gebrek aan te vul. In reaksie op dié beroep het die Fakulteit van Regsgeleerdheid van die Nelson Mandela Metropolitaanse Universiteit (NMMU) sy kursus in Regsvaardighede herontwerp deur gebruik te maak van &apos;n selfstandige vaardigheidsgebasseerde model en &apos;n konteksgebasseerde benadering. Die herontwerpingsproses word omskryf en spesifieke temas in elke stadium van die proses word bespreek. Dit sluit in die identifisering van kontekstuele faktore; die definiëring van basiese kernvaardighede; die analisering van kursusinhoud; die herstrukturering van kursusse; die herformulering van onderrigmetodes; die aanpassing van metodes van assessering en terugvoering; die instelling van &apos;n gemengde leer benadering, en noue samewerking met die Fakulteit van Regsgeleerdheid, ander fakulteite en diensverskaffers. Die skrywers betoog dat &apos;n selfstandige vaardigheidsgebaseerde model suksesvol aangewend kan word om basiese kernvaardighede aan te leer, maar dat gesamentlike aanvaarding van verantwoordelikheid deur die hele LLB program onontbeerlik is vir vaardigheidsontwikkeling op &apos;n hoër vlak. Waardevolle ondervinding wat deur die herontwerpingsproses opgedoen is, word beklemtoon en waar moontlik word aanbevelings gemaak met die oog op toekomstige ontwikkeling.
Freedom of religion of children in private schools
K. Chetty and
Journal for Juridical Science 39, pp 31 –59 (2014)
This article argues against the interpretation that the right to establish private schools includes the right to require religious conformity from non-adherent learners by way of a waiver of their religious freedom. Despite the importance of respecting the rights of religious communities to protect and preserve their faith in private schools, it is submitted that this right cannot be exercised without regard for the religious freedom, dignity and best interests of non-adherent children. As a result, it is submitted that the waiver of the freedom of religion of non-adherent children is not consistent with the values which South African society reveres and, therefore, cannot be enforced. This article suggests that there is a way for the rights of private schools and the rights of the non-adherent child to co-exist in harmony through the application of the reasonable accommodation principle in private schools.
Kinders se vryheid van godsdiens in private skole
Hierdie artikel voer aan dat die reg om privaatskole te stig, nie die reg insluit om by wyse van afstanddoening van hul godsdiensvryheid, godsdienstige nakoming te vereis van leerlinge wat nie navolgers is nie. Ten spyte van die belangrikheid daarvan om die regte van godsdienstige gemeenskappe te respekteer om hul geloof in privaatskole te beskerm en te behou, word dit aan die hand gedoen dat hierdie reg nie uitgeoefen kan word sonder om ag te slaan op die godsdiensvryheid, waardigheid en beste belang van kinders wat nie navolgers is nie. Gevolglik word dit aan die hand gedoen dat afstanddoening van godsdiensvryheid deur kinders wat nie navolgers is nie, nie ooreenstem met die waardes wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap eerbiedig word nie, en nie afgedwing kan word nie. Hierdie artikel betoog dat daar ruimte is vir die regte van privaatskole en die regte van kinders wat nie navolgers is nie, om in harmonie naas mekaar te bestaan deur die toepassing van die beginsel van redelike tegemoetkomendheid in privaatskole.
Virtual bullying in employment
Journal for Juridical Science 39, pp 60 –74 (2014)
The world of work has certainly benefitted much from the revolution in information communications technology and the wave of digitisation of the 21st century - e-mail, websites and virtual marketing platforms have truly removed many boundaries. However, these boundaries have also been removed for those in the workplace with less noble intentions: bullies. Virtual bullying, or cyberbullying, in the workplace has become a major concern worldwide. Some even regard virtual bullying as being more sinister than its face-to-face equivalent, as personal attacks launched on virtual platforms are often more intense, frequent, unexpected and difficult to stop, and can have far-reaching consequences not only for the employee on the receiving end, but also for the often unsuspecting employer, who may be held vicariously liable. Cyberbullying in the workplace may take various forms, including identifiable or pseudonymous e-mails and SMSs; communications that feature offensive content; negative characterisation on workplace or personal blogs, and the like. This article provides an overview of the differences between face-to-face bullying and virtual bullying; discusses the essential elements and prevalence of virtual bullying in the workplace, and then proceeds to compare the legal position with regard to this phenomenon in the United States of America, South Africa, the United Kingdom and Australia. It concludes with a few possible solutions to this pervasive problem in employment.
Virtuele bullebakkery in die werkplek
Die arbeidswêreld het ongetwyfeld groot baat gevind by die revolusie in inligtingskommunikasietegnologie en die golf van digitalisering van die 21ste eeu - e-pos, webtuistes en virtuele bemarkingsplatforms het waarlik heelwat grense opgehef. Tog is hierdie grense terselfdertyd opgehef vir diegene in die werkplek met minder edel bedoelings: bullebakke. Virtuele bullebakkery, of kuberbullebakkery, in die werkplek wek deesdae wêreldwyd groot kommer. Sommige beskou virtuele bullebakkery as selfs meer sinister as sy fisiese ekwivalent, want persoonlike aanvalle op virtuele platforms is dikwels meer intens, meer gereeld, meer onverwags en moeiliker om stop te sit. Boonop kan dit verreikende gevolge hê, nie net vir die werknemer aan die ontvangkant nie, maar ook vir die soms niksvermoedende werkgewer, wat middellik aanspreeklik gehou kan word. Kuberbullebakkery in die werkplek kan &apos;n magdom vorme aanneem, waaronder e-pos en SMS&apos;e onder &apos;n bekende of skuilnaam; kommunikasie met aanstootlike inhoud; negatiewe karakterisering op werk- of persoonlike blogs, en dies meer. Hierdie artikel bied &apos;n oorsig van die verskil tussen bullebakkery van aangesig tot aangesig teenoor bullebakkery in die virtuele wêreld; bespreek die noodsaaklike elemente en voorkoms van virtuele bullebakkery in die werkplek, en gaan dan oor tot &apos;n vergelyking van die regstandpunt met betrekking tot hierdie verskynsel in die Verenigde State van Amerika, Suid-Afrika, die Verenigde Koninkryk en Australië. &apos;n Paar moontlike oplossings vir hierdie diepgaande probleem in die arbeidswêreld word laastens aan die hand gedoen.
Dooyeweerd&apos;s legal and political philosophy : a response to the challenge of historicism
Journal for Juridical Science 39, pp 75 –96 (2014)
A look at the penetrating and encompassing nature of Dooyeweerd&apos;s political and legal philosophy makes it understandable why Georgio Del Vecchio, a reputable Italian philosopher of law, appreciated Dooyeweerd as "the most profound, innovative, and penetrating philosopher since Kant". Dooyeweerd&apos;s Inaugural address laid the foundation for uncovering the deepest dialectical motivation of modern philosophy, namely the (dialectical) basic motive of nature and freedom (science ideal and personality ideal). Dooyeweerd rejected the idea of a "pure theory of law" because in spite of its uniqueness, the meaning of the jural aspect of reality comes to expression only in its coherence with other irreducible aspects. In opposition to the relativistic claims of historicism, Dooyeweerd emphasises the irreducibility of each aspect of reality. Dooyeweerd exercised immanent criticism on the impasse of a theory of the state without the state and a theory of law without law. Despite his continuing an element of natural law, Dooyeweerd&apos;s approach avoids the antinomous stance of historicism by realising that change can only be established on the basis of constancy. The article concludes with a brief sketch of his systematic programme, as it unfolds in his multi-volume Encyclopaedia of the science of law.
Dooyeweerd se regs en politieke filosofie : &apos;n antwoord op die uitdagings van historisiteit
Wie die indringende en omvattende aard van Dooyeweerd se politieke filosofie en regsfilosofie betrag, sal begryp waarom Georgio Del Vecchio, &apos;n gerespekteerde Italiaanse regsfilosoof, Dooyeweerd waardeer as "the most profound, innovative, and penetrating philosopher since Kant". Dooyeweerd se Intreerede het die grondslag gelê vir die blootlegging van die diepste dialektiese motivering van die moderne filosofie, naamlik die (dialektiese) grondmotief van natuur en vryheid (wetenskapsideaal en persoonlikheidsideaal). Dooyeweerd het die idee van &apos;n "suiwere regsleer" verwerp omdat die sin van die regsaspek van die werklikheid slegs tot uitdrukking kom in die samehang daarvan met ander onherleibare aspekte. In teenstelling tot die relativistiese aansprake van die historisme het Dooyeweerd die onherleibaarheid van elke werklikheidsaspek beklemtoon. Hy het immanente kritiek uitgeoefen op die impasse van &apos;n staatsleer sonder die staat en &apos;n regsleer sonder die reg. Ten spyte daarvan dat hyself nog &apos;n element van die natuurregsleer kontinueer, het Dooyeweerd se benadering die antinomiese posisie van die historisme vermy op basis van die insig dat verandering slegs op die basis van konstansie vasgestel kan word. Die artikel sluit af met &apos;n oorsigtelike skets van Dooyeweerd se program soos wat dit in sy meerdelige Ensiklopedie van die regswetenskap ontvou.
What divides, what joins and who decides? Diversity, the common good and limited law
I.T. Benson and
Journal for Juridical Science 39, pp 97 –114 (2014)
It is commonplace to hear politics and law extol the importance of "pluralism" and "diversity". In addition to difference, however, and less discussed, but certainly important, is the notion of "the common good". Law, for its part, tends to mediate between what is different and what should be shared. How law is understood in relation to diversity and difference and how we understand the limits of law is also central to how a diverse society is protected and advanced. Dominance and control, on the one hand, and the privatization and marginalization of diverse beliefs, on the other, threaten the appropriate, but limited places for public involvement of diverse communities. Is it appropriate to draw a line between belief and conduct as a means of achieving public homogeneity? This article examines the meaning of pluralism, diversity, the common good, the relationship between belief and conduct and the role and limits of the law and politics in relation to personal and associational freedom.
Wat verdeel, wat bind saam en wie besluit? Diversiteit, die algemene welsyn en beperkte reg
&apos;n Mens hoor dikwels hoe die politiek en die reg die belangrikheid van "pluralisme" en "diversiteit" prys. Bo en behalwe verskil, en minder onder bespreking, maar beslis belangrik, is egter die gedagte van "die algemene welsyn". Op sy beurt is die reg geneig om as mediator op te tree tussen wat verskil en wat gedeel behoort te word. Hoe die reg in verhouding tot diversiteit en verskil verstaan word, en hoe ons die beperkinge van die reg verstaan, staan sentraal tot hoe &apos;n diverse samelewing beskerm en bevorder word. Dominansie en beheer aan die een kant, en die privatisering van marginalisering van diverse oortuigings aan die ander kant, bedreig die toepaslike, maar beperkte ruimtes vir openbare betrokkenheid van diverse gemeenskappe. Is dit gepas om &apos;n streep te trek tussen oortuiging en optrede as &apos;n wyse om openbare homogeniteit te bereik? Hierdie artikel ondersoek die betekenis van pluralisme, diversiteit, die algemene welsyn, die verhouding tussen oortuiging en optrede, en die rol en beperkinge van die reg en politiek in verhouding tot persoonlike en geassosieerde vryheid.
In-house provisioning and South African public procurement law : case note
Journal for Juridical Science 39, pp 115 –129 (2014)
Public procurement is a highly regulated aspect of state administration and an area in which litigation is frequent in South Africa. As Nugent JA noted in South African Post Office v De Lacy: "Cases concerning tenders in the public sphere are coming before the courts with disturbing frequency." It is thus surprising that the question of in-house provisioning was only pertinently raised in South African courts in the matter of Cash Paymaster Services (Pty) Ltd v The Chief Executive Officer of The South African Social Security Agency, which commenced in the High Court towards the end of 2009, winding its way through the judicial system to a Constitutional Court order in mid-2011. However, more surprising and somewhat disappointing, none of these courts used this opportunity to squarely deal with the question so that it still remains largely an unresolved one in South African law. In this contribution, I assess the judgments in the Cash Paymaster Services case and discuss some of the pertinent issues that will have to be addressed when the next opportunity arises to deal with in-house provisioning.
Tax Law: An Introduction, Beric Croome (Ed.) : book review
Journal for Juridical Science 39, pp 130 –133 (2014)
Tax Law: An Introduction is a new addition to the Tax Law literature from Juta with the aim of filling the gap that exists in user-friendly textbooks for law students. The market is dominated by Silke South African Income Tax, which is an excellent textbook, but more suitable for commerce students than law students. Any addition is welcomed with open arms at this stage; however, the question is asked whether this book succeeds in its stated objective.