Montgomery Van Wart
Montgomery Van Wart is an American academic, author and researcher. He is a professor of public administration, and the University Faculty Research Fellow at California State University, San Bernardino. Van Wart has authored over 100 publications, has been cited over 7000 times, and has a Google Scholar H-index of 31. He has worked on areas encompassing administrative and business leadership, e-leadership, training and development, human resource management, administrative values and ethics, organization behavior, and general management. He has also written eleven books including: "Dynamics of Leadership", "Leadership in Public Organizations", "Human Resource Management in Public  Service", "Leadership and Culture", "Building Business-Government Relations", "Leadership Across the Globe", and "Changing Public Sector Values". Throughout his career, Van Wart has been associated with the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA), and was instrumental in redesigning its Code of Ethics. Education. After receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree from Franklin and Marshall College, Van Wart went to Lewis and Clark College and obtained his Master of Arts in Teaching. He then enrolled at Arizona State University and earned his Doctoral degree in Public Administration in 1990. Van Wart completed the Senior Executives in State and Local Government Program  at Harvard University in 1995. He also took graduate business administration course work at Fairleigh Dickinson University. Career. Van Wart started his academic career as an Affiliated Professor of Public Affairs at Arizona State University and as Associate Professor of Political Science at Iowa State University in 1996. He was also a Senior Research Fellow at KU Leuven (formerly Catholic University) in Belgium from 2012 till 2013, a visiting professor at Rutgers (2013), and a distinguished visiting professor at the University of Hong Kong, among other visiting international positions. Currently, he is a Professor of public administration at California State  University, San Bernardino. Van Wart was the Director of Center for Public Service at Texas Tech University from 2000 till 2003. Later he served as the Chair of Department of Public Administration at University of Central Florida from 2003 to 2005. In 2018, he was appointed as the Director of Faculty Development at JHB College of Business and Public Administration and the CSUSB Faculty Research Fellow in 2020. Research. Van Wart's research is focused in the areas of administrative leadership, applied ethics and values, distance education, comparative public administration, government operations policy, human resource management, learning theory, management theory , online teaching theory, organizational behavior, public policy, state and local government policy. Leadership. Van Wart has extensively investigated mainstream leadership and drawn comparisons with public-sector (administrative) leadership. He also tested the utility of the full range leadership theory of Bernard Bass by analyzing a very large government data set. Results of his study indicated the significance of transactional and transformational leadership in the federal government, and found transformational leadership to be slightly more important even after shifting one important factor, individualized consideration, back to the transactional model. He published a paper in 2013 focused on the overarching insights, particularly  those of particular importance to leaders in administrative positions in the public sector, and provided a review based on the major findings of the organizational leadership literature. Van Wart published a book in 2005 entitled, "Dynamics of Leadership in Public Service: Theory and Practice", and discussed the competencies needed by organizational leaders at all levels. Furthermore, the book provides a comparative review regarding the theoretical literature on leadership from a public sector perspective. In his book entitled "Leadership in Public Organizations: An Introduction", he explored major theories and approaches of leadership, and also investigated the applied leadership competencies. Working with  a team of others, he has published a series of articles on e-leadership. Human resource management. With colleagues, Van Wart authored "Human Resource Management in Public Service", and highlighted the issues in context of management in the public sector along with an emphasis on hands-on skill building and problem solving. He further explored the stages of the employment process, including recruitment, selection, training, legal rights and responsibilities, compensation, and appraisal. Public sector ethics. Van Wart focused on fundamental values in revising ASPA's Code of Ethics, and demonstrated five principles or decision-making sources upon which public administrators  should draw, and how these are discussed in the literature. He also focused his study on the major contemporary varieties of ethical leadership in organizations, and provided a critique regarding these varieties. In a paper published in 2003, he contrasted the classical notions to the modern day context and usage in current codes of ethics, conduct, and regulations. Online learning. In 2020, Van Wart published an article with colleagues based on a large-scale dataset, using exploratory factor analysis to study critical success factors for online learning from the students’ perspective, and determined their hierarchical significance. In this study, it  was found there are seven critical aspects of online learning for students: the basic online modality, teaching presence, cognitive presence, online social comfort, instructional support, online interactive modality, and social presence. In a paper published in 2019, he was part of a team who reviewed the online teaching effectiveness literature, and provided a synthesis regarding the state-of-the-field in the higher education context.