Sandia Peak Tramway
The Sandia Peak Tramway is an aerial tramway located adjacent to Albuquerque, New Mexico. It stretches from the northeast edge of the city to Sandia Peak on the ridge line of the Sandia Mountains and has the world's third longest single span. It is the longest aerial tram in the Americas, and was the longest in the world from 1966 until being surpassed in 2010. History. The Sandia Peak Ski Company was cofounded by balloonist Ben Abruzzo and Robert Nordhaus (father of Nobel Prize-winning economist William Nordhaus), and Nordhaus was inspired to build a tram  to the ski slope after seeing other trams during a trip to Europe. Bell Engineering of Lucerne, Switzerland, constructed the tramway. Entering service on May 7, 1966, the tram makes 10,500 trips per year. New tram cars were installed in 1986, and new track cables in 2009. New tram cars were again installed in May 2016. New Year 2022 incident. On New Year's Eve, 2021, a winter storm caused the emergency cable to ice over and droop onto the track cables, causing the tramway to stop mid-course. 21 employees from the restaurant at the top terminal, TEN 3 , were aboard the tram evacuating the restaurant due to the approaching storm, and were trapped for 15 hours; they were rescued the next day in 2022. The rescue crews helped the passengers rappel down the upper tower and hike to a point where they could be rescued by a Bernalillo County Sheriff's Office helicopter. Ongoing wind and snow hampered the rescue operations. All passengers were rescued without injury. Description. The tram is a type known as a "double reversible jigback aerial tramway," where "jigback" implies that when one tram car is ascending, the other is descending. Its two cars  are capable of carrying 50 passengers each and have numerous safety and backup systems, such as multiple emergency braking systems and a grounding system that ensures the safety of passengers in the event of a lightning strike. The tramway ascends the steep western side of the highest portion of the Sandia Mountains, from a base elevation of to a top elevation of . A trip up the mountain takes 15 minutes to ascend , and the normal operating speed of the tram is . Approximately four "flights" leave every hour from the base and top termini. The viewshed from the tram includes all  of Albuquerque and roughly of the New Mexico countryside. The tramway has only two support towers. The first tower, which is tall, is situated at an elevation of above sea level and built as an inclined tower with an inclination angle of 18 degrees. The second, just tall, is situated at the end of a major spur of the mountains at an elevation of and was built by the aid of over 2,000 helicopter trips, with support rods driven up to into the granite. The longest span is between the second tower and the top terminal. This span is the  third-longest clear tramway span in the world, at a length of . Mid-span, the cables are above the mountainside. This span passes over Domingo Baca Canyon, part of which is referred to as TWA Canyon. This is the site of the crash of TWA Flight 260 on February 19, 1955, in which the lives of all 16 passengers and crew were lost. While much of the wreckage was removed during construction of the tramway, some still remains on the canyon floor and may be visible to riders of the tram. Activities on top. At the top of Sandia Peak  there are many year-round recreational options. The restaurant, TEN 3 (stylized as 10|3), is directly adjacent to the top tram terminal and offers scenic views to the west. Many Forest Service trails offer recreational hiking, backpacking and nature hikes to visitors. Additionally, the tram terminal is located at the top of Sandia Peak Ski Area, which is on the opposite side of the mountain from the tramway and the city. Skiing is available in the wintertime, and during the summer more than of mountain biking trails are available. Bikes cannot be taken onto tram cars. There is no  public transportation in this area of Albuquerque; the tram is accessible only by car, bicycle, or foot.