Blake's 7
Blake's 7 (sometimes styled Blakes7) is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. Four 13-episode series were broadcast on BBC1 between 1978 and 1981. It was created by Terry Nation, who also wrote the first series, produced by David Maloney (series 1–3) and Vere Lorrimer (series 4), and the script editor throughout its run was Chris Boucher, who also wrote nine of its episodes. The main character, at least initially, was Roj Blake, played by Gareth Thomas. The programme was inspired by various fictional media, including "Robin Hood", "Star Trek", "Passage to  Marseille", "The Dirty Dozen", "Brave New World," and classic Western stories, as well as real-world political conflicts. "Blake's 7" was often viewed by over 10 million in the UK and it was broadcast in 25 other countries. The series had a low budget but featured many tropes of space opera, such as spaceships, robots, galactic empires and aliens. Critical responses have been varied; some reviewers praised the programme for its dystopian themes, strong characterisation, ambiguous morality and pessimistic tone, as well as displaying an "enormous sense of fun", but others have criticised its production values, dialogue, and lack  of originality. A limited range of "Blake's 7" merchandise was issued, and books, magazines and annuals published. The BBC released music and sound effects from the series, and several companies made "Blake's 7" toys and models. Four video compilations were released between 1985 and 1990, and the entire programme was released in videocassette format starting 1991 and re-released during 1997, and as four DVD boxed sets between 2003 and 2006. The BBC produced two audio dramas during 1998 and 1999 that feature original cast members and broadcast by Radio 4. Although proposals for live-action and animated  remakes have not been realised, "Blake's 7" has been revived with two series of audio dramas, a comedic short film, and a series of fan-made audio plays. Overview. Four series of thirteen 50-minute episodes were made, and first broadcast in the United Kingdom between January 1978 and December 1981 by BBC1.<ref name="B7 Programme Guide/Prologue"></ref> They are set in the third century of the second calendar (this is mentioned in associated publicity material, not in the series) and at least 700 years in the future. "Blake's 7"s narrative concerns the exploits of political dissident Roj  Blake, who leads a small group of rebels against the forces of the totalitarian Terran Federation that rules the Earth and many colonised planets. The Federation uses mass surveillance, brainwashing and drug pacification to control its citizens. Blake was arrested, tried on false charges, and deported to a remote penal colony. En route, he and fellow prisoners Jenna Stannis and Kerr Avon gain control of a technologically advanced alien spacecraft, which its central computer Zen informs them is named "Liberator". "Liberator"s speed and weaponry are superior to Federation craft, and it also has a teleportation system that enables transport to  the surface of planets. Blake and his crew begin a campaign to damage the Federation, but are pursued by Space Commander Travis—a Federation soldier—and Servalan, the Supreme Commander and later Federation President.<ref name="B7 Programme Guide/Stories"></ref> The composition of the titular "seven" changes throughout the series. The initial group—Blake, Vila, Gan, Jenna, Avon and Cally—included Zen as the seventh member. At the end of the first series, they capture a supercomputer named Orac. Gan is killed during the second series, after which Blake and Jenna disappear and are replaced by new characters Dayna and Tarrant . At the start of the fourth series, Cally dies and is replaced by Soolin. After the destruction of "Liberator", the computer Zen is replaced by a new computer, Slave, on board their new commandeered ship "Scorpio". While Blake is an idealistic freedom fighter, his associates are petty crooks, smugglers and killers. Avon is a technological genius who, while apparently motivated by self-preservation and wealth, consistently acts to help others. When Blake is separated from his crew, Avon becomes commander. At first, Avon believes the Federation has been destroyed; he becomes tired of killing, and seeks rest. However, by the  middle of the third series, Avon realises that the Federation is expanding again, faster than originally realised, and he resumes the fight. The BBC had planned to conclude "Blake's 7" at the end of its third series, but a further series was commissioned unexpectedly. Some changes to the programme's format were necessary, such as the introduction of a new spacecraft, "Scorpio", and new characters, Soolin and Slave. "Blake's 7" was watched by approximately 10 million people in the UK and was broadcast in 25 other countries.<ref name="B7 Programme Guide/Back"></ref> Sources and themes. Series creator Terry  Nation pitched "Blake's 7" to the BBC as ""The Dirty Dozen" in space", a reference to the 1967 Robert Aldrich movie in which a disparate group of convicts are sent on a suicide mission during World War II. This influence shows in that some of Blake's devotees are escaped convicts (Avon, Vila, Gan and Jenna). "Blake's 7" also draws much of its inspiration from the legend of Robin Hood. Blake's devotees are not a band of "Merry Men". His diverse crew includes a corrupt computer genius (Avon), a smuggler (Jenna), a thief (Vila), a murderer (Gan ), a telepathic guerrilla soldier (Cally), a computer with a mind of its own (Zen) and another wayward computer (Orac). Later additions were: a naïve weapons expert (Dayna), a mercenary (Tarrant), a gunslinger (Soolin) and an obsequious computer (Slave). While Blake intends to use "Liberator" to strike against the Federation, the others are often reluctant soldiers—especially Avon. Blake and Avon's clashes over the command represent a conflict between idealism and cynicism, emotion and rationality, and dreams and practicality. Similar conflicts occur between other characters; the courage of Blake and Avon compared with Vila's cowardice, or Avon and Jenna 's scepticism of Blake's ideals compared with Gan's unswerving loyalty, Blake's mass murdering methods compared with Avon's targeted and less destructive methods. Script editor Chris Boucher, whose influence on the series increased as it progressed, was inspired by Latin American revolutionaries, especially Emiliano Zapata, in exploring Blake and his devotees' motives and the consequences of their actions. This is most evident in the episode "Star One", in which Blake must confront the reality that in achieving his goal of overthrowing the Federation, he will cause chaos and death for many innocent citizens. When Avon gains control  of "Liberator", after Blake's disappearance after the events of "Star One", he uses it initially to pursue his own agenda, such as avenging his lost love Anna Grant. Later, Avon realises that he cannot escape the Federation's reach and that he must, like Blake, resist them. In this respect, by the end of the fourth series Avon has replaced Blake. Classic films, such as the Western "The Magnificent Seven", were an important influence upon "Blake's 7". Chris Boucher incorporated lines from Westerns into the scripts, much to the delight of Paul Darrow, an enthusiast of the  genre. The final episode, "Blake", was heavily inspired by "The Wild Bunch" and "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid". "Blake's 7" also drew inspiration from the classic British dystopian novels "Nineteen Eighty-Four" by George Orwell, "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley and "When the Sleeper Wakes" by H. G. Wells. This is most evident in the nature of the Federation, whose methods of dealing with Blake in the first episode, "The Way Back", including brainwashing and show trials. These are reminiscent of the way in which the USSR dealt with its dissidents. Explorations of totalitarianism in the series  are not confined to the Federation—totalitarian control through religion ("Cygnus Alpha"), genetics ("The Web") and technology ("Redemption") are also portrayed. Such authoritarian dystopias are common in Terry Nation's work, including his "Doctor Who" story "Genesis of the Daleks" (1975). Loyalty and trust are important themes of the series. Avon is presented with several opportunities to abandon Blake. Many of Blake's schemes require co-operation and expertise from others. Characters are often betrayed by family and friends, especially Avon, whose former lover Anna Grant is eventually revealed to be a Federation agent. The theme of loyalty and trust  reaches its maximum during Blake and Avon's final encounter in the last episode ("Blake"); Blake, by now very paranoid, has been masquerading as a bounty hunter collaborating with the Federation as a front for his activities in recruiting and testing potential allies in the struggle, and this causes Avon and the others to mistrust him when Tarrant accuses Blake of betraying them; an ironic miscommunication between Avon and Blake precipitates the disastrous events that conclude the episode. If Blake and his crew represent Robin Hood and his Merry Men, then the Federation forces, personified by the obsessive, psychopathic Space  Commander Travis and his superior, the beautiful but ruthless Supreme Commander Servalan, represent Guy of Gisbourne and the Sheriff of Nottingham. A common theme of Nation's science fiction is the depiction of post-apocalyptic societies, as in several of his "Doctor Who" serials, for example "The Daleks" (1963–64), "Death to the Daleks" (1974) and "The Android Invasion" (1975), and in his series "Survivors" (1975–77). Post-apocalyptic societies feature in several "Blake's 7" episodes including "Duel", "Deliverance", "City at the Edge of the World" and "Terminal". Although not explicitly stated, some publicity material for the series refers to the  Federation as having developed after a nuclear holocaust on Earth. Plot summary. The series is set in a future age of interstellar travel and concerns the exploits of a group of outlaws. Gareth Thomas played the eponymous character Roj Blake, a political dissident who is arrested, tried and convicted on false charges, and then deported from Earth to a prison planet. En route, he and two fellow prisoners, treated as expendable, are sent to board and investigate an abandoned alien spacecraft found drifting in space. They get the ship working, commandeer it, rescue two more prisoners, and are later joined  by an alien guerrilla with telepathic abilities. In their attempts to stay ahead of their enemies and inspire others to rebel, they encounter a great variety of cultures on different planets, and are forced to confront human and alien threats. Blake's group suffer losses and casualties, and recruit newer members to join them. They perform a campaign against the totalitarian Terran Federation until an intergalactic war occurs with aliens from the Andromeda galaxy. Blake disappears and Kerr Avon then leads the group. When their spacecraft is destroyed and another group member is killed, the survivors commandeer another craft (which  they enhance with superior technology), and a secret base on a distant planet from which they continue their campaign. In the final episode, Avon finds Blake and, suspecting him of betraying the group, kills him. The group is then shot by Federation guards, who surround Avon in the final scene as shots are heard over the end credits. Series One. Roj Blake, a worker of high social status classified as "alpha-grade", lives in a domed city. Similar domes house most of the Earth's population. Blake is approached by a group of political dissidents who take him outside the  city to meet their leader, Bran Foster. According to Foster, Blake was once the leader of an influential group of political activists opposed to the Federation's Earth Administration. Blake was arrested, brainwashed and coerced into making a confession denouncing the rebellion. His memory of those years was then blocked. Foster wants Blake to rejoin the dissidents. Suddenly, the meeting is interrupted by the arrival of Federation security forces, who shoot and kill the crowd of rebels. Blake, the only survivor, returns to the city, where he begins to remember his past. He is arrested, tried on false charges of  child molestation and sentenced to deportation to the prison planet Cygnus Alpha. Whilst awaiting deportation from Planet Earth, Blake meets thief Vila Restal and smuggler Jenna Stannis. On board the prison ship "London", Blake meets convicted murderer Olag Gan and computer engineer and embezzler Kerr Avon. The "London" encounters a battle between two alien space fleets and the "London"s crew plot a course to avoid the combat zone and continue their voyage. They encounter a strange alien craft, board it and attempt to salvage it but are thwarted by the alien ship's defence mechanism. The commander of the "London  sends the expendable Blake, Avon, and Jenna across to the ship. Blake defeats the defence system when it tries to use memories he recently discovered were false. With Jenna as pilot, the three convicts escape in the alien craft. Blake and his crew follow the London" to Cygnus Alpha in their captured ship, which they have named "Liberator". They retrieve Vila and Gan, while Blake leaves the other prisoners. Blake wants to use "Liberator" and its new crew to attack the Federation with the others, especially Avon, as reluctant followers. Blake's first target is a communications station on the  planet Saurian Major. Blake infiltrates the station and is assisted by Cally, a telepathic guerrilla soldier from the planet Auron. Blake invites Cally to join the crew. With this new arrival, and including "Liberator"s computer, Zen, "Liberator" has a crew of seven. As Blake's attacks against the Federation become bolder, he has less success. Political pressure grows on the Administration with planetary commanders threatening to leave the Federation because of its inability to protect them from Blake's attacks. Rumours abound about Blake's heroism and other rebel groups use his name for their actions. Supreme Commander Servalan appoints  Space Commander Travis, who has a vendetta against Blake, to eliminate Blake and capture "Liberator". Servalan often co-opts Travis for her personal projects and uses Blake as a cover for her own activities. When Travis repeatedly fails to eliminate Blake, Servalan does not assign the task to another officer and does not use more resources to eliminate him. Blake meets a man named Ensor and discovers a plot by Servalan and Travis to seize a powerful computer named Orac, which is capable of communicating with any computer that uses a component called a Tariel Cell. Blake's crew suffers  from radiation sickness but capture the device before Servalan arrives. Blake offers to perform the operation to save Ensor's life aboard the "Liberator" but Ensor dies when the power cells for his artificial heart are depleted before they are able to reach "Liberator". Aboard the ship, Orac predicts the craft's destruction in the near future. Series Two. The "Liberator" is recaptured by the people that built it and Orac's prophecy is fulfilled when it destroys an identical space vehicle. Blake wants to attack the heart of the Federation and he targets the main computer control facility on  Earth. Avon agrees to help on condition that Blake gives him "Liberator" when the Federation has been destroyed. Blake, Avon, Vila and Gan reach the control facility and find an empty room. Travis reveals that the computer facility was secretly relocated years before and the old location was left as a decoy. Blake and his crew escape but Travis throws a grenade in the confined area and Gan is killed by falling rubble. After Gan's death, Blake considers the future of the rebellion, and Travis is convicted of war crimes by a Federation court martial at Space Command Headquarters  aboard a space station. Blake decides to restore his group's reputation and attacks the space station but Travis escapes and continues his vendetta against Blake. Blake seeks the new location of the computer control facility. He learns that it is named "Star One". When "Star One" begins to malfunction, Servalan also becomes desperate to find its location. The facility's failure causes many problems in the Federation. "Star One" controls a large defensive barrier that has prevented extra-galactic incursions. Blake discovers "Star One"s location and finds that, with help from Travis, aliens from the Andromeda Galaxy have infiltrated  it. Vila discovers a fleet of alien spacecraft beyond the barrier. Travis partially disables the barrier. Blake and his crew overcome the aliens at "Star One" and kill Travis but the gap in the barrier allows the aliens to invade. Jenna calls for help from the Federation, where Servalan has conducted a military coup, imposed martial law and declared herself President. Servalan dispatches the Federation's battle fleets to repel the invaders, who begin to breach the barrier. With Blake badly wounded, "Liberator" by Avon's direction, alone until Servalan's battle fleets arrive, fights against the aliens. Series Three . "Liberator" is severely damaged during the battle with the Andromedans, forcing the crew to abandon ship whilst Zen carries out repairs. The Federation defeats the alien invaders but the cost considerably reduces its influence in the galaxy. Blake and Jenna go missing and Avon becomes the new leader. Two new additions, weapons expert Dayna Mellanby and mercenary Del Tarrant, join the crew. Avon is less inclined than Blake to attack the Federation but Servalan realises that if she captures "Liberator", the Federation will quickly restore its former power. Servalan attempts to create clones of herself, but is thwarted when the  embryos are destroyed. Avon decides to find the Federation agent who killed Anna Grant, his former lover. The group interrupts an attempt to eliminate Servalan and Avon discovers that Anna is alive and was previously a Federation agent named Bartolemew. Anna tries to shoot Avon in the back but Avon kills her and frees Servalan. Servalan lures Avon into a trap using a faked message from Blake. Servalan finally captures "Liberator" and maroons the crew on an artificial planet named Terminal but does not know that "Liberator" has been irreparably damaged after flying through a cloud of corrosive fluid particles . As Servalan leaves Terminal, the ship explodes and Servalan is apparently killed as she attempts to escape by teleporting away. Series Four. Booby traps, set by Servalan in her underground complex on Terminal, explode and Cally is killed. Avon, Tarrant, Vila and Dayna escape with Orac and are rescued by Dorian, a salvage operator. Dorian takes the crew in his spacecraft, "Scorpio", to his base on the planet Xenon, where they meet his partner, Soolin. Dorian plans to drain the crew's life-force and take Orac but is foiled by Vila. Avon completes a new teleport system for "Scorpio  using the technology left behind by Dorian. Soolin joins the crew and they commandeer Scorpio" and occupy the Xenon base. Avon gains control of Slave, "Scorpio"s main computer. The crew acquires an experimental new stardrive that vastly increases "Scorpio"s speed, making it even faster than "Liberator". The "Scorpio" crew become concerned about the speed at which the Federation is reclaiming its former territory and discover that Servalan survived the destruction of "Liberator". Deposed as President of the Federation, she is using the pseudonym Commissioner Sleer and is enacting a pacification programme using a drug named Pylene-50. The "Scorpio" crew gain  the formula for an antidote to Pylene-50 but this cannot reverse the drug's effects. Avon finds a way to synthesise the antidote and the crew attempt to create an alliance between independent worlds to resist the Federation and get the resources and manpower to mass-produce the Pylene-50 antidote. One of the alliance members, Zukan, betrays the alliance to Servalan and detonates explosives on Xenon base, which is damaged and the "Scorpio" crew are forced to abandon it. Avon tells the rest of the group that Orac has traced Blake to Gauda Prime, an agricultural planet. Blake is  masquerading as a bounty hunter; his latest quarry is Arlen, whom he hopes to recruit for his rebellion. "Scorpio" approaches Gauda Prime and is attacked. The crew, except Tarrant, use the teleport to abandon the damaged craft. Slave is damaged, Tarrant remains aboard to pilot "Scorpio" and is injured during a crash landing. Blake arrives, rescues and takes Tarrant to his base and purportedly captures Tarrant as bounty. Tarrant thinks that Blake has betrayed the group and Blake lets Tarrant escape. Tarrant is nearly killed by Blake's colleagues when Avon and his crew save him, giving credence to Tarrant 's accusation that Blake has betrayed them to the Federation. Becoming very suspicious of Blake, Avon kills him. Arlen reveals that she is a Federation officer and Federation guards arrive. Tarrant, Soolin, Vila, and Dayna are shot by Federation troops, who slowly surround Avon. Avon steps over Blake's body, raises his gun and smiles. Shots are heard over the end credits. Production history. Terry Nation had the idea for "Blake's 7" in a moment of inspiration during a pitch meeting with Ronnie Marsh, a BBC drama executive. Marsh was intrigued and immediately commissioned a pilot script. When he  had seen the draft, Marsh approved "Blake's 7" for full development. David Maloney, an experienced BBC director, was assigned to produce the series and Chris Boucher was engaged as script editor. Nation was commissioned to write the thirteen episodes. Boucher's task was to expand and develop Nation's first drafts into workable scripts, but this became increasingly difficult as Nation started running out of ideas. Meanwhile, Maloney was struggling with the low budget available given the need for action and special effects. Despite these challenges "Blake's 7" was very popular, with some episodes exceeding ten million viewers . A second series was quickly commissioned. The BBC engaged new writers for the subsequent series. It was decided that one of the regular characters should die, to demonstrate that Blake and his crew were not invincible. Gan, played by David Jackson, was chosen because Gan had been under-used and was the least popular character. Although ratings declined compared to the first series, the BBC commissioned a third. When Gareth Thomas and Sally Knyvette decided not to return, new characters were required so that the story could continue without its titular character. Suggestions for a replacement actor for Blake were  rejected and Avon became more prominent in the story. New characters Del Tarrant, portrayed by Steven Pacey, and Dayna Mellanby, portrayed by Josette Simon, were introduced. "Blake's 7" was not expected to be recommissioned after the third series and there was surprise when during 1980 a further series was announced as the third series ended. Bill Cotton, BBC Head of Television, had watched "Terminal" and enjoyed it greatly. He telephoned the presentation department and ordered them to make the announcement. As David Maloney was unavailable, Vere Lorrimer became the producer. He introduced new characters, a new spacecraft "Scorpio" and  its computer Slave. Jan Chappell (who played Cally) decided that she did not want to return, and was replaced by Glynis Barber as Soolin. Gareth Thomas made a final appearance as Blake and insisted that his character be killed in a definitive manner. Although the fourth series performed satisfactorily in the ratings, "Blake's 7" was not renewed again and the final episode had an ambiguous finale. Except for Blake, whose death was contractual, the characters were shown being attacked in such a way that their survival would have been possible had a fifth series been commissioned. The final episode , titled "Blake", was broadcast on 21 December 1981. Although Blake's 7 never crossed over with "Doctor Who" during its initial run, Gareth Thomas was open to the idea as he was close friends with "Doctor Who" star Tom Baker, and the two wanted to be 'briefly crossing paths' with one another before going their separate ways. Ultimately, the idea was scrapped. Filming locations. Interior spaceship sets and other indoor scenes were recorded on videotape at BBC Television Centre, Shepherd's Bush in London. For indoor complexes, such as bases or command centre bunkers, filming often took place in local  power plants and water turbine stations. Location shooting was also extensive with shooting occurring mostly in southern England. Notable location shots include episode eleven, of the first series, "Bounty", where the production was filmed at Quex Park in Kent. The Waterloo Tower in Quex Park was ex-president Sarkoff's residence in exile. The series also used Betchworth Quarry as the surface of an alien planet and Wookey Hole Caves as the site of an alien mine. Additional location shooting took place at Black Park, New Forest, South Bank, Camden Town and the now demolished Wembley Conference Centre. Music and  sound effects. "Blake's 7"s theme music was written by Australian composer Dudley Simpson, who had composed music for "Doctor Who" for more than ten years. The same recording of Simpson's theme was used for the beginning titles of all four series of the programme. For the fourth series, a new recording was made for the closing credits that used an easy listening-style arrangement. Simpson also provided the incidental music for all of the episodes except for the Series One episode "Duel" and the Series Two episode "Gambit". "Duel" was directed by Douglas Camfield, who had a grudge  against Simpson and refused to work with him, and so Camfield used library music. Elizabeth Parker provided the music and sound effects for "Gambit". "Blake's 7" made considerable use of audio effects that are described in the credits as "special sound". Many electronically generated sound effects were used, ranging from foley-style effects for props including handguns, teleport sounds, spacecraft engines, flight console buttons and background atmospheres. The special sounds for "Blake's 7" were provided by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop composers Richard Yeoman-Clark and Elizabeth Parker. Critical reception. "Blake's 7" received both positive and negative reviews . The fourth episode "Time Squad" review by Stanley Reynolds of "The Times" stated, " ... nice to hear the youngsters holding their breath in anticipation of a little terror". Reynolds elaborated, "Television science fiction has got too self-consciously jokey lately. It is also nice to have each episode complete within itself, while still carrying on the saga of Blake's struggle against the 1984-ish Federation. But is that dark-haired telepathic alien girl, the latest addition to Blake's outer-space merry men, going to spell love trouble for blonde Jenna? Maid Marian never had that trouble in Sherwood Forest ." In January 1998 Robert Hanks of "The Independent" compared the series' ethos to that of "Star Trek". He wrote "If you wanted to sum up the relative position of Britain and America in this century — the ebbing away of the pink areas of the map, the fading of national self-confidence as Uncle Sam proceeded to colonise the globe with fizzy drinks and Hollywood — you could do it like this: they had "Star Trek", we had "Blake's 7" ... No 'boldly going' here: instead, we got the boot stamping on a human face which George Orwell offered as a vision  of humanity's future in "Nineteen Eighty-Four"". Hanks concluded that ""Blake's 7" has acquired a credibility and popularity Terry Nation can never have expected ... I think it's to do with the sheer crappiness of the series and the crappiness it attributes to the universe: it is science-fiction for the disillusioned and ironic — and that is what makes it so very British". Gavin Collinson of the British Film Institute's website Screenonline wrote "The premise of "Blake's 7" held nothing remotely original. The outlaw group resisting a powerful and corrupt regime is an idea familiar from  Robin Hood and beyond." He added ""Blake's 7"s triumph lay in its vivid characters, its tight, pacey plots and its satisfying realism...For arguably the first time since the 1950s Quatermass serials, the BBC had created a popular sci-fi/fantasy show along adult lines". His review concludes "Ultimately, the one force the rebels could not overcome proved to be the BBC's long-standing apathy towards science fiction. However, the bloody finale, in which Avon murders Blake, exemplified the programme's strengths — fearless narratives, credible but surprising character development and an enormous sense of fun." In 2015 Tim  Stanley of "The Daily Telegraph" described the series as "oft-derided" and "gloriously low budget" but "a genuine classic". He added "this was superior drama performed by consummate professionals who made it believable by being 100 per cent committed to the material. "Blake's 7"'s sets and dresses were bright and gaudy but it was dark, dark melodrama." Stanley concluded ""Blake's 7" can be read as a document of the Callaghan/Carter years with their piles of rubbish in the streets. Then along came Thatcher/Reagan and sci-fi turned hopeful again. Cue "Star Wars" and its childish  universe of Wookiees and Ewoks. Moral clarity returned. The budgets ballooned. But, for my money, it was nowhere near as interesting." The Australian broadcaster and critic Clive James gave a negative appraisal, calling it " ... classically awful British television SF ... no apostrophe in the title, no sense in the plot". He continued "The depraved space queen Servalan ... could never quite bring herself to volatilize the dimly heroic Blake even when she had him square in the sights of her plasmatic spasm guns. The secret of Blake's appeal, or Blakes appeal, for the otherwise infallibly fatale Servalan remained a mystery, like  the actual wattage of light bulb on which the design of Blake's spaceship, or Blakes spaceship, was plainly based". Screenwriter Nigel Kneale, whose work included "The Quatermass Experiment" and other science fiction, was also critical. He described "the very few bits I've seen" as "paralytically awful", saying that "the dialogue/characterisation seemed to consist of a kind of childish squabbling". Legacy. "Blake's 7" deviates from the good-versus-evil dualism in "Star Wars"; ""'s 'feel-good' future; and the episodic structure of "Doctor Who". "Blake's 7" also influenced "Hyperdrive" and "Aeon Flux". Television playwright Dennis Potter 's final work "Cold Lazarus" was inspired by the show. "Blake's 7" remains fairly well regarded. A poll of United States science-fiction writers, fans and critics for John Javna's 1987 book "The Best of Science Fiction" placed the series 25th in popularity, despite then only having recently begun to be broadcast in the US. A similar poll in Britain conducted for "SFX magazine" during 1999 put "Blake's 7" at 16th place, with the magazine commenting that "twenty years on, TV SF is still mapping the paths first explored by Terry Nation's baby". During 2005 "SFX  surveyed readers' top 50 British telefantasy shows of all time, and Blake's 7" was placed at number four behind "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "Red Dwarf" and "Doctor Who". A similar poll conducted by "TV Zone" magazine during 2003 for the top 100 cult television programmes scored "Blake's 7" 11th. Dutch musician Arjen Anthony Lucassen was inspired by "Blake's 7" in naming his side-project Star One. In 2004 a 15-minute comedy short entitled "Blake's Junction 7" debuted at several film festivals around the world. It was directed by Ben Gregor, written by  Tim Plester, and featured Mackenzie Crook, Martin Freeman, Johnny Vegas, Mark Heap and Peter Tuddenham. This parody depicted the characters taking a break at the Newport Pagnell motorway service area. During 2006 the BBC produced a 30-minute documentary "The Cult of... Blake's 7" that was first broadcast on 12 December on BBC Four, as part of a "Science Fiction Britannia" series. Revivals. The revival of "Blake's 7" has been mooted for some years. Terry Nation raised the possibility on a number of occasions and proposed that a new series would be set some years after the existing  one. Avon, living in exile like Napoleon on Elba, would be persuaded by a new group of rebels to resume the fight against the Federation. Radio and audio. During 1998 "Blake's 7" was broadcast again by the BBC by radio. "The Sevenfold Crown" was broadcast by BBC Radio 4 on 17 January 1998 as part of its "Playhouse" strand. The play was produced by Brian Lighthill and written by Barry Letts. Paul Darrow, Michael Keating, Steven Pacey, Peter Tuddenham and Jacqueline Pearce reprised their television roles, but Josette Simon and Glynis Barber were replaced by Angela Bruce as Dayna  and Paula Wilcox as Soolin. The story was set during the fourth series between the episodes "Stardrive" and "Animals". This was followed by "The Syndeton Experiment", which featured the same cast, producer and writer and was broadcast as "The Saturday Play" on 10 April 1999 by BBC Radio 4. BBC Audiobooks released a CD of readings of Trevor Hoyle's novelisations of episodes "The Way Back" read by Gareth Thomas and "Cygnus Alpha" read by Paul Darrow. On 11 December 2006 B7 Productions announced that it had recorded a series of 36 five-minute "Blake's 7" audio adventures, written  by Ben Aaronovitch, Marc Platt and James Swallow. This featured Derek Riddell as Blake, Colin Salmon as Avon, Daniela Nardini as Servalan, Craig Kelly as Travis, Carrie Dobro as Jenna, Dean Harris as Vila, Owen Aaronovitch as Gan, Michael Praed, Doug Bradley and India Fisher. The new series was broadcast by BBC Radio 7 and repeated during mid-2010 as three one-hour episodes: "Rebel" (written by Ben Aaronovitch), "Traitor" (Marc Platt) and "Liberator" (James Swallow). B7 Productions also produced series of 30-minute prequel audio episodes named "Blake's 7: The Early Years", which explored the earlier histories of the  central characters. During 2011 Big Finish Productions, under licence from B7 Productions, announced that it would be producing a series of audio dramas named "Blake's 7: The Liberator Chronicles", which would be " ... a series of exciting, character-driven tales that remain true to the original TV series. We're aiming for authenticity—recreating the wonder of 1978 all over again!" The company also said it would publish a series of "Blake's 7" novels at a rate of two per year. During January 2013 Big Finish released an initial full-cast audio production, Warship. This was followed during January  2014 with a series of six full-cast single-disc original stories, with a second series starting in November 2014. Several individuals and companies have produced unofficial material based upon Blake's 7. Alan Stevens, later of Magic Bullet Productions, produced three unofficial audio cassettes between 1991 and 1998: "Travis: The Final Act", "The Mark of Kane" and "The Logic of Empire". Stevens also produced a series of audio dramas named "Kaldor City", created by Chris Boucher, which link the "Blake's 7" universe into Boucher's "Doctor Who" serial "The Robots of Death" through the character Carnell (Scott Fredericks ), whom Boucher created for the "Blake's 7" episode "Weapon". Television. During April 2000 producer Andrew Mark Sewell announced that he had bought the rights to "Blake's 7" from the estate of Terry Nation, and was planning to produce a TV movie set 20 years after the finale of the original series. During July 2003, Sewell announced that he, Paul Darrow and Simon Moorhead had formed a consortium called 'B7 Enterprises' that had acquired the rights and was planning a television miniseries budgeted at between five and six million U.S. dollars. Darrow would play Avon and the series was  to be televised during early 2005, depending on " ... many factors, not least financing". Paul Darrow subsequently left the project during December 2003, citing "artistic differences". B7 Enterprises announced on 31 October 2005 that it had appointed Drew Kaza as non-executive chairman, and that it was working on two "Blake's 7" projects. "Blake's 7: Legacy" was to be a two-part, three-hour mini-series, which would be written by Ben Aaronovitch and D. Dominic Devine. "Blake's 7: The Animated Adventures" was to be a 26-part children's animated adventure series written by Aaronovitch, Andrew Cartmel , Marc Platt and James Swallow. In an interview with "Doctor Who Magazine", writer and producer Matthew Graham said that he had been involved in discussions to revive "Blake's 7". Graham's concept was that a group of young rebels would rescue Avon, who had been kept cryogenically frozen by Servalan, and then roam the galaxy in a new ship named "Liberator". On 24 April 2008, television station Sky1 announced that it had commissioned two 60-minute scripts for a potential series, working alongside B7 Productions. On 4 August 2010, the station said it had decided not to commission the  series. B7 Productions said the decision was " ... obviously disappointing", but that the development process has resulted in the " ... dynamic reinvention of this branded series". It said it was confident it would find another partner to develop a new version of "Blake's 7" for television. During July 2012, "Deadline" reported that a remake for US television networks was being developed by the independent studio Georgeville Television. The Syfy network announced on 22 August that Joe Pokaski would develop the script and Martin Campbell would direct the new remake. On 9 April 2013, the BBC reported that a new series of  Blake's 7 would be broadcast by SyFy. Other media reported that a full-series order of thirteen episodes had been placed. Merchandise. Terry Nation had done well financially from commercial exploitation of the "Doctor Who" Daleks, and recognised the potential for merchandise related to "Blake's 7". Nation and his agent Roger Hancock discussed this with Ray Williams of BBC Merchandising in December 1976. By May 1977, twenty-seven items of merchandise had been proposed for release by companies including Palitoy, Letraset and Airfix. However, only a small quantity of these was ever made available. A small number of  toys and models were produced. During 1978, Corgi Toys produced a die-cast model of "Liberator" with a transparent rear globe. This was re-released the following year in silver with a model space shuttle, and in blue on its own. Also during 1979, Blue Box Toys produced three space vehicle toys that featured the series logo; however, these had never appeared in the television programme. Comet Miniatures produced a injection-moulded model kit of "Liberator" in 1989, which contained many parts. They also produced a two-inch, white metallic "Liberator" model, and a three-inch Federation trooper figure. A  Scorpio clip gun, and "Liberator" and "Scorpio" teleport bracelets, were also produced. The children's programme "Blue Peter" offered a cheaper home-made alternative to fans who wanted merchandise. In its 23 February 1978 show, presenter Lesley Judd demonstrated how to create a replica "Liberator" teleport bracelet from common household objects. This was followed on 6 June 1983, when presenter Janet Ellis demonstrated a similar method of making a replica "Scorpio" bracelet. Music. The sheet music of the "Blake's 7" theme was published by Chappell & Co. Ltd during 1978 with a photograph of "Liberator" on the front cover. A  stereo re-recording of Dudley Simpson's theme music, in a markedly different arrangement to the original, was also released as a single, with "The Federation March" (a piece of incidental music from the episode "Redemption") on the B-side. The "Blake's 7" theme was also released on an album "BBC Space Themes", and "Liberator" was featured on the album sleeve. Another version of the theme, "Blake's 7 Disco", was recorded by Federation and released during 1979 on Beeb Records with a B-side unconnected with the series. Many of the sound effects from the series were released  during 1981 as an album, "", and re-released later on CD as "Essential Science Fiction Sound Effects Vol. 1". Books and magazines. "Blake's 7" books were produced by various authors and publishers. The first was entitled "Blake's 7", written by Trevor Hoyle and Terry Nation, and published during 1978 (novelising the first-series episodes "The Way Back", "Space Fall", "Cygnus Alpha" and "Time Squad"). Its US title was "Blake's 7 – Their First Adventure". Hoyle wrote two more books of the series: "Blake's 7: Project Avalon" (1979, novelising the episodes "Seek–Locate–Destroy", "Duel", "Project Avalon", "Deliverance  and Orac" from the first series) and "Blake's 7: Scorpio Attack" (1981, novelising the episodes "Rescue", "Traitor" and "Stardrive" from the fourth series). Publications continued to be issued after the series had ended. Tony Attwood's "Blake's 7: The Programme Guide", published by Target during 1982, is a factual overview of the series with a detailed episode guide, an encyclopedia, and interviews with the cast and writers. It was re-issued by Virgin Books during 1994. Attwood also wrote an original novel named "Afterlife", which is set after the final episode and was published by Target during 1984 . Another original novel, "" by Paul Darrow, told the story of Avon's early years before he met Blake, and was published during 1989. World Distributors produced "Blake's 7 Annuals" for 1979, 1980 and 1981. These featured stories, games, artwork and articles about space. During October 1981 Marvel UK began publishing the monthly "Blake's 7" magazine, which included a comic strip by Ian Kennedy as well as text stories, features and photographs. Twenty-five issues including two 'specials' were published, until the magazine closed during August 1983. Marvel produced two 'special' magazines during 1994 and 1995, with much of  the content written by television historian Andrew Pixley and about how the series was made. Seven issues of "Blake's 7 Poster Magazine" were published between December 1994 and May 1995. Several books offering insight and background information to "Blake's 7" were produced, including "Blake's 7: The Complete Guide" by Adrian Rigelsford (Boxtree, 1995), "Blake's 7: The Inside Story" by Joe Nazzaro and Sheelagh Wells (Virgin, 1997), "A History and Critical Analysis of Blake's 7" by John Kenneth Muir (McFarland and Company, 1999), and "Liberation. The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to Blake's 7" by Alan  Stevens and Fiona Moore (Telos, 2003). Video and DVD releases. During 1985 BBC Video issued four compilation videocassettes containing highlights from the first three series edited into 2 hour features. The first released was "The Beginning", containing excerpts from "The Way Back", "Spacefall", "Cygnus Alpha" and "Time Squad". "Duel" was released in 1986 with highlights of "Seek–Locate–Destroy", "Duel" and "Project Avalon". During the same year "Orac" was released, containing excerpts from "Deliverance", "Orac" and "Redemption". The first three tapes were available in both VHS and Betamax format. The final tape, "The Aftermath," was released in Australia during 1986 , with extracts from "Aftermath", "Powerplay" and "Sarcophagus". During 1990 all four tapes were re-released in the UK on VHS.<ref name="B7 Programme Guide/Merchandise"></ref> From 1991 BBC Video released "Blake's 7" in episodic order on 26 VHS cassettes with two episodes per tape. Canadian company BFS also released these in North America. During 1997 Fabulous Films company re-released these tapes in different packaging. The BBC and Fabulous Films planned to issue the series as four DVD box sets, but this was disrupted by conflicts with rights-holders B7 Enterprises. These issues were resolved and one series per  year was released on region 2 DVD between 2003 and 2006. During 2007 Amazon sold a four-series box set, but a casualty of the difficulties with Blake's 7 Enterprises was "The Making of Blake's 7", a four-part documentary directed by Kevin Davies, intended originally as an extra feature with each DVD release. B7 Enterprises said they " ... did not feel [the documentary] provided a proper tribute or fresh retrospective of the show". The discs contained extra features including bloopers, out-takes, alternative scenes, voiceover commentaries, interviews and behind the scenes footage. Gaming. A retro point-and-click  adventure game was developed in 2017 for the Oric platform, paying homage to the "Blake's 7" TV series, and is available as a free download. Streaming. BritBox. On Thursday 10 September 2020, "Blake's 7" was released on the UK streaming service BritBox - all episodes in all four series are available to view for subscribers. External links. Blakes 7 is also available to watch on Forces TV channel 181 on Sky UK.