Braichgoch slate mine
Braichgoch slate mine (often called Braich Goch quarry) was a large slate mine located in Corris Uchaf, north Wales. It was worked continuously from 1787 until closure in 1970 (some sources give 1971), apart from a hiatus in the 1900s. Most of the surface workings of the quarry were removed as part of a road widening and landscaping scheme in 1983. Part of the underground mine workings are now open to the public as the King Arthur's Labyrinth tourist attraction (a fantasy journey into Arthurian legend taking place on one level of the mine) and the  newly launched Corris Mine Explorers. Through the subterranean Corris Mine Explorer expeditions, the working lives of 19th-century Welsh miners can be seen firsthand. Equipment and discarded personal belongings remain untouched as relics of Welsh industry. The landscaped site above ground is also home to the Corris Craft Centre, a retail site from which several craft based shops operate. History. Slate quarrying in the Corris district dates back to the 14th century when the Foel Grochan quarry at Aberllefenni is believed to have first been worked. In 1787, David Williams leased the quarrying and mineral rights at Gaewern and Braich  Goch from John Edwards, representing the Vanes Estate. It is not certain when quarrying began on this land, but certainly slate extraction had started by 1812. The early mining took place at Gaewern, the northern of the two quarry areas, under the auspices of the Merionethshire Slate Company. It was not until 1836 that quarrying began at Braich Goch proper, under the name the North Wales Slate & Slab Company. By 1838 the lease, still from (now) Sir John Edwards, was expanded. In 1840 an incline was constructed to easy movement of slate within the quarry. In 1843 the company surrendered  the lease to Arthur Causton a civil engineer. He obtained a new lease directly from the Vanes Estate, thus removing the subleasing arrangement with John Edwards. Meanwhile, the neighbouring Gaewern quarry was struggling and in 1848 the Merionethshire Slate Company was dissolved after the discovery of serious financial mismanagement. In 1853 the property was taken over by a company known as Alltgoed Consolls. They restarted quarrying at Gaewern. In 1851 new partners were brought into the North Wales Slate & Slab Company, which was reformed under the name Braich Goch Slate and Slab Company. However an attempted flotation of the company  failed to attract enough investors and the partners were brought out by John Rowlands, who owned Gaewern and Ratgoed quarries. At this time Braich Goch quarry included 2 waterwheels, 6 planning machines, 9 sawing engines, 2 miles of tramway and inclined planes and 6 hand sawing machines amongst other equipment. By 1856 shareholders in the Alltgoed Consols were increasingly discontented by the lack of profits from the three quarries. In 1859 the Corris Tramroad opened, connecting the Corris district with Machynlleth and the River Dyfi beyond. The Birley family saw the opportunity of this new transportation route for improving profitability  of the local quarries and purchased the lease for Braich Goch from Rowlands, forming Braich Goch Slate Quarry Ltd. Rowlands continued with Gaewern, though without financial success and in 1868 sold it to the Talyllyn Slate Company. That same year employment at Braich Goch had grown to over 200 men. In 1880, Braichgoch took over Gaewern quarry, and the two were worked as a single operation. By the mid-1890s over 6,000 tons of finished slate was being produced and over 350 workers were employed. Braichgoch was the largest slate quarry south of Blaenau Ffestiniog. The downturn in demand for slate  in the late 1890s led to Braichgoch closing in 1906. It was revived after the First World War and continued working sporadically until final closure in 1971. Transport. By the mid-1840s, Braich Goch quarry maintained a wharf at Machynlleth, slate being shipped there by horse cart. Braich Goch was connected to the Corris Railway via the horse-worked Upper Corris Tramway.