Roman Catholic Diocese of Civitavecchia-Tarquinia
The Diocese of Civitavecchia-Tarquinia () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Lazio, Italy. It was established under this name in 1986. The diocese is immediately exempt to the Holy See and not part of an ecclesiastical province. History. Centumcellæ was the ancient name of Civitavecchia. Catacombs have also been found here. In 314 Epictetus, its bishop, was present at the Council of Arles. Another Epictetus, Bishop of Centumcellæ towards the middle of the fourth century, was an Arian and a counsellor of Emperor Constantius. In 813, Centumcellae  suffered a massive attack by the Moors; the city was captured, sacked, and burned. The survivors wandered for forty years in the forests and mountains. Pope Leo IV, needing a secure port on the Tyrrhenian Sea, built a new fortified city 13 km (8 mi) away from the ruins of Centumcellae, which he dedicated in 853. The inhabitants preferred the old location of their town, and gradually returned and rebuilt. By 1086 the see of Civitavecchia was united with the diocese of Toscanella, resulting in one bishop governing two separate dioceses, "aeque personaliter". By 1092 Civitavecchia e Toscanella was united  with the diocese of Viterbo in the person of Bishop Riccardus, who died in that year or earlier. Carlo Calisse points out that there is no evidence at all from 1050 to 1093 concerning the bishops of Civitavecchia, during which time the change must have taken place. A bull of Pope Celestine V, however, mentions that Pope Celestine III carried out the union, "just as was contained in the documents of his predecessor." Paul Fridolin Kehr points out that Cardinal Joannes of S. Clemente signs himself "Tuscanensis episcopus" until August 1192, and then from 4 October 1192 signs himself "Viterbiensis  et Tuscanensis episcopus. The diocese of Civitavecchia was not suppressed but was held by a bishop who held three dioceses at the same time. On 12 December 1825, in the bull "De Dominici Gregis", Pope Leo XII re-established the see, separating its territory from the diocese of Viterbo and uniting it to the diocese of Porto and Santa Rufina. In 1854 the union with Santa Rufina was severed, and Civitavecchia was united with the diocese of Corneto (Tarquinia). From 1854 to 1986, the united dioceses were known as Tarquinia e Civitaveccia. In a decree of the Second Vatican Council , it was recommended that dioceses be reorganized to take into account modern developments. A project begun on orders from Pope John XXIII, and continued under his successors, was intended to reduce the number of dioceses in Italy and to rationalize their borders in terms of modern population changes and shortages of clergy. The change was made urgent because of changes made to the Concordat between the Italian State and the Holy See on 18 February 1984, and embodied in a law of 3 June 1985. The change was approved by Pope John Paul II in an audience of 27 September  1986, and by a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops of the Papal Curia on 30 September 1986. The dioceses of Tarquinia and Civitavecchia, which had up to that point shared a single bishop while retaining two diocesan structures, were united into a single diocese. Its name was to be "Dioecesis Centumcellarum-Tarquiniensis". The seat of the diocese was to be in Civitavecchia. The former cathedral in Tarquinia was to have the honorary title of co-cathedral, and its Chapter was to be the Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one episcopal curia, one seminary, one ecclesiastical tribunal ; and all the clergy were to be incardinated in the diocese of Civitavecchia-Tarquinia. Bishop Girolamo Grillo continued as bishop of the newly united diocese.