Kirkham, Lancashire
Kirkham (originally Kirkam-in-Amounderness) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Fylde in Lancashire, England, midway between Blackpool and Preston ( west of Preston) and adjacent to the smaller town of Wesham. It owes its existence to Carr Hill upon which it was built and which was the location of a Roman fort. At the census of 2011 it had a population 7,194. History. In his 1878 "History of the Fylde of Lancashire", John Porter described Kirkham as ".. probably the earliest inhabited locality in the Fylde district." Remains found at Carleton in the 1970s of  an elk with two harpoons embedded suggest that the Fylde was inhabited as long ago as 8,000 BC. The town is pre-Roman in its origin with a name originating from the Danish "kirk" (church) and "-ham" (Saxon for settlement, or "home"). The town owes its existence to Carr Hill upon which it was built and which was the location of a Roman fort. It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name of "Chicheham" and is described as lying on the Roman road between Ribchester (Bremetennacum) and the River Wyre. The town's market charter was granted  in 1269–70 by King Henry III. In the 15th and 16th centuries Kirkham remained a small market town. But from the late 17th century the town grew into a thriving textile centre. From 1830 sailcloth was being woven in cottages in the town and later at the Flax Mill, built in 1861 by John Birley. Kirkham Grammar School was founded in 1549 but the original building no longer exists. In 1792 a Roman brass shield boss was discovered by local schoolmaster John Willacy, in the Dow Brook, in Mill Hill Field. Willacy sold the shield to a Scotsman, but it  found its way to the Charles Townley collection in Burnley and from there to the British Museum. The oval shield, about in diameter, bore the representation of a human figure, seated, with an eagle to the left and an athlete at the side. In 1887 a memorial was erected, at Town End, to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The memorial was later moved to a site adjacent to the United Reformed Church. Looms ran in the town from about 1850 until 2003. At one time the town had eleven mills, the last to be built being Progress Mill  in 1915. On the lower part of Station Road "The Last Loom" of Kirkham is on permanent public display. This loom, a cross-rod type from the 1920s, with the use of tappets at the side, could produce an extensive range of fabrics including velvets, twills and Bedford cord. In 1925 Church Street became the subject of a pencil on paper drawing by Pendlebury artist L. S. Lowry In his later "A Lancashire Village, 1935" he painted the scene again, but with a wider street full of people and a house in front of the church. Due to an expansion  of secondary education after the Second World War, Carr Hill Secondary Modern (now Carr Hill 11 to 18 High School and Sixth Form Centre), was built on the site of Carr Hill House and a former racecourse in 1957 and was officially opened, in 1958, by the Duchess of Kent. Several housing developments were built on the edge of the town in the last half of the 20th century. Demographics, economy. The 2011 Census showed that 7,194 people lived in Kirkham. Churches. The Church of England parish church is St Michael's whose minister is Reverend Rick Bunday. There is  also a Roman Catholic church – St John the Evangelist, built in 1845, but known locally as "The Willows" – on the Ribby Road, a United Reformed Church on Poulton Street, a Methodist church on Nelson Street. Zion (Independent) Chapel was founded in 1818. Although the church has long since been demolished, the graveyard remains. Now associated with Kirkham United Reformed Church, but adjacent to the Manse Nursing Home in the centre of the town, this unusual isolated burial-ground is still well maintained. Location and amenities. Kirkham lies at the centre of a relatively rich agricultural area. By the mid 18th  century, however, the manufacture of sail cloth and the flax-weaving industry had become well established in the town. By 1876 there were several factories employing almost 1,000 workers in the cotton and other industries and by the end of the century the town had grown considerably in importance. Kirkham and Wesham railway station was opened in 1840 as "Kirkham Station", when the Preston and Wyre Railway and Harbour Company opened its line to Fleetwood. South of the town is Kirkham Prison, an open prison built on part of the site of the Royal Air Force base which closed in  1957. The small library located on Station Road has been open since 1939 and has recently reopened following a major refurbishment. The town is served by its own free newspaper, the "Kirkham and Wesham Advertiser". Both the "Blackpool Gazette" and the "Lancashire Evening Post" cover Kirkham news, as does the weekly "Kirkham and Fylde Express". Regular bus services are provided by the Ribble branch of Stagecoach Buses and Coastal Coaches. The town has been visited by a number of well-known authors who have performed book-signings at one of the town's two book shops. These have included Ranulph  Fiennes, Michael Parkinson, Stacey Solomon, Michael Caine, Sarah Brown, Joanne Harris, the Wanted, Jacqueline Wilson, Jo Brand, Gervase Phinn, Al Murray, Terry Wogan, Katie Price, Jack Dee and many more. The town has a number of garages, but no longer any petrol filling station. There are several pubs in Kirkham, five of which are within or very close to the town centre including the Black Horse, Queen's Arms, the Swan and the Stable Bar. The Tap & Vent brewhouse, operated by Lytham Brewery, on Poulton Street, opened in December 2017. Kirkham Club Day, an annual gala, is held in early  June, jointly with Wesham. The day involves the various churches and their chosen "Rose Queens", together with biblical tableau floats, civic dignitaries and brass bands, walking in procession through the town in the morning. The town's War Memorial is located in a small memorial garden on Barnfield. The St George Hotel was situated on Station Road but closed in 2011 and was demolished in 2012 to make way for a block of flats. In January 2021 Bradley's Bar, located inside AFC Fylde's Mill Farm Stadium, was converted to become one of the North West's COVID-19 vaccination  centres. The facility was adapted to meet the necessary standards to allow a safe and efficient delivery of the vaccine whilst critically maintaining social distancing requirements. Banks. The Kirkham branch of HSBC closed in 2015 and that of Nat West closed in 2017. The branch of Lloyds Bank also closed in 2017, the branch of Santander closed in October 2018 and the branch of Royal Bank of Scotland closed in January 2019, leaving Kirkham with no bank branches at all. The town has one remaining building society agent, for Yorkshire Building Society on Poulton Street. Dining. The Bullhorn Smokehouse opened  in March 2021 and is located on Poulton Street. The Tap and Vent Brewhouse is also on Poulton Street and opened in February 2018. The Old Bank, a fine dining venue, was opened by restauranteur Andrew Booker and his son James, in the premises of the former Midland/HSBC bank in 2021 In February 2022 the former premises of the Santander bank were used as the home for the new German Brewhaus. Indulge Dessert Bar opened, on Market Square, on 30 March 2000. Education. Kirkham has two secondary schools: Carr Hill High School a mixed comprehensive school, and Kirkham Grammar  School, an independent school. Feeding into these two schools are the primary schools of Kirkham: Kirkham and Wesham Primary School, Kirkham Grammar Junior School, St John the Evangelist (also known as "The Willows") Catholic Primary School, Kirkham St Michael's C of E Primary School and Pear Tree Specialist School (for special requirements in physical and sensory). Sport. Kirkham Swimming Baths was erected in 1908 by the bequest of William Segar Hodgson J.P. and has served Kirkham as a public swimming pool for over a century. Open seven days a week, galas, free children swims and adult-only swims are  regularly held. In February 2008 a campaign was initiated to save the baths from closure. This included a public march through Kirkham and Wesham on 1 March attended by some 3,000 local supporters A local action group was subsequently formed to organise the longer term survival of the baths, and was successful in presenting a business plan to Fylde Borough Council. The baths, now run by the YMCA, has been re-branded as "Rural Splash". The town's football club is AFC Fylde. The club was known as Kirkham and Wesham F.C until the end of the 2007–08 season, and  was formed by the amalgamation of Kirkham Town F.C. and Wesham F.C. The change of name to AFC Fylde was made to try to encourage a broader fan-base from across the Fylde coast. AFC Fylde is currently based north of Wesham on the Mill Farm complex and plays in the National League. The team won the FA Vase in the 2007–08 season, beating Lowestoft Town in the final at Wembley Stadium on 11 May 2008. They were also promoted to the North West Counties Football League Premier Division after finishing second in Division Two. In 2008–09 they were North  West Counties Football League champions and so won promotion to the Northern Premier League Division One North. Twin towns. Kirkham is twinned with both Ancenis in Loire-Atlantique, France and Bad Brückenau, a spa town in Bad Kissingen district, northern Bavaria which is situated in the Rhön Mountains in Germany. Kirkham has an active Twinning Association and has regular contact with both Ancenis and Bad Brückenau. Places of interest. Kirkham currently has 20 listed buildings, one of them being Grade II* and the rest being Grade II. Many of the buildings in the town centre date from the Georgian and  Victorian eras.