Inocybe hystrix
Inocybe hystrix is an agaric fungus in the family Inocybaceae. It forms mycorrhiza with surrounding deciduous trees. Fruit bodies are usually found growing alone or in small groups on leaf litter during autumn months. Unlike many "Inocybe" species, "Inocybe hystrix" is densely covered in brown scales, a characteristic that aids in identification. The mushroom also has a spermatic odour that is especially noticeable when the mushroom is damaged or crushed. Like many other "Inocybe" mushrooms, "Inocybe hystrix" contains dangerous amounts of muscarine and should not be consumed. Taxonomy. The species was first described in 1838 by Elias Fries  under the name "Agaricus hystrix". Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten later (1879) transferred it to "Inocybe". Description. Fruit bodies have convex to plano-convex caps measuring in diameter. The caps are dry with scales that can be either erect or flat on the surface. The colour is brown in the centre, becoming paler towards the edges. The flesh is white, and has a spermatic odour and mild taste. The gills are closely spaced, white to dull brown, and have fringed edges. The stipe measures long by thick, and is roughly the same width throughout its length; like the cap, it is  scaly. The spore print is cinnamon brown. spores are roughly almond-shaped, smooth, inamyloid, and measure 8–12.5 by 5–6.5 µm. Clamp connections are present in the hyphae. The species is poisonous. Habitat and distribution. In North America and Europe, "Inocybe hystrix" grows in deciduous forest, especially beech. In Costa Rica, it is found in the Cordillera Talamanca, where it associates with "Quercus costaricensis" at elevations around .