Hanam Jungwon were carried out in January, including: 1 stabbing, 3 small arms shootings, 17 improvised explosive devices and 102 firebombs attacks. 17 Israelis were wounded (7 seriously or moderately). In January, according to the Arab Group for Development and National Empowerment, an Arab Human Rights association, Israel detained over 400 Palestinians, on average 13 per day, of whom 57 were minors, and 18 women. According to B'Tselem, Israeli forces since late 2014 through to January 2015 have confirmed a shift to resorting more frequently to the use of live 0.22 inch caliber bullet fire from Ruger 10/22 rifles in West Bank 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218207	clashes contrary to regulations that prohibit recourse to live fire against stone-throwers. From Dec 30 to the 12 of January, according to OCHA, 42 Palestinians were injured in clashes with Israeli forces in the West Bank, 45% (19) being children, and 14 being hit with live ammunition. Over the same period, 5,554 olive saplings and trees were reported to have been vandalized by Israeli settlers. Israeli media reported 11 Palestinian attacks, 6 involving stone-throwing and 3 the hurling of Molotov cocktails, on settlers and other Israelis in both the West Bank and east Jerusalem. The Israeli military administration 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218208	razed 27 Palestinian structures in Area C of the West Bank, while 5 more were demolished in East Jerusalem, with 2 more demolished by their Palestinian owners to avoid fines, all due to the lack of Israeli-issued building permits. From 13 to 19 January, 25 Palestinians, of whom 10 were children and 3 women, were injured in clashes across the West Bank, 40% during protests against the Separation Barrier in Bil'in, the closure of the road to Kafr Qaddum and the road connecting the villages of Surif and Jab'a in the Hebron Governorate. 3 incidents involving Palestinians stoning Israeli 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218209	vehicles were recorded for the same period. Israeli forces fired 19 times in the same period in the direction of Palestinians found venturing into the Access Restricted Areas (ARA) of the Gaza Strip. From 20 to 26 January, 32 Palestinians, including eight children and two women, were injured in clashes, while Israeli authorities razed 41 Palestinian-owned structures in Area C of the West Bank, and four in East Jerusalem for lack of permits, displacing 81 Palestinians. In the same period there were 29 incidents involving Israeli naval and ground forces firing on Gazan fishing boats and Palestinians within the 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218210	Strip in the Access Restricted Areas (ARA). From 27 January To 2 February, 41 Palestinians, inclusive of 7 children and 3 women were injured by Israeli forces in West Bank clashes. Three incidents of Palestinian stone-throwing occurred in East Jerusalem resulting in damage to 2 Israeli vehicles. According to the Israeli Security Agency Shin Bet, 124 incidents related to Palestinian violence, defined by the agency as 'terrorist attacks' took place over the same month: 115 took place in the West Bank, 18 in Jerusalem and 1 in Tel Aviv. Of these 102 incidents consisted of throwing Molotov cocktails and 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218211	17 of throwing improvised hand bombs. 3 incidents involved small arms gunfire, and one related to a stabbing assault. February. In the week from the 3rd to the 9th of February, 36 West Bank Palestinians, inclusive of 9 children, sustained injuries from Israeli forces. 6 were casualties of live ammunition fire. Israel conducted 96 search and arrest operations over the same period. Israeli media reported 11 instances of Palestinians throwing stones or Molotov cocktails at settlers' cars or property, mostly in East Jerusalem. Israeli tanks and bulldozers twice breached Gaza territory, northeast of Khan Younis and east of Rafah, and 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218212	conducted a ground-leveling operation. In the week from 10 to 16 February, 30 Palestinians, including 9 children were injured in clashes with Israeli forces in the West Bank. Six adults and 4 children were reportedly shot with live ammunition. Over the week 17-23, one Palestinian was killed and 24 were injured in clashes with Israeli forces, which conducted 90 search and arrest operations, making 102 arrests, bringing to 899 the number of Palestinians detained since January 1. 3 incidents of Palestinians assaulting Israelis took place over the same period. Over the period 24 February–March 2, 64 Palestinians 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218213	were injured in clashes with Israeli forces, while Palestinians targeted Israeli settlers and property on 7 occasions. March. Over the week 3–9 March, 31 episodes involving Israeli naval boats firing at Gaza fishing boats close to the 6 nautical miles limit imposed by Israel were recorded, with one fatality and six arrests. 43 Palestinians were injured in clashes with Israeli forces in the West Bank. Four incidents, one involving a car running into 5 Israelis, and 3 involving stone-and Molotov cocktail throwing, were registered for the same period. Two people were injured and some cars damaged in the latter 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218214	cases. 80 search and arrest operations were conducted by Israel, resulting in the arrests of 120 Palestinians. 6 settler attacks occurred, Six Israeli settler attacks resulting in Palestinian injuries or property damage were recorded, including the physical assault of a 15-year-old girl in Hebron and an elderly man in Jerusalem. 21 Palestinian structures were demolished in Area C for lack of Israeli building permits. Between 10–16 March, in clashes with Israeli forced 42 Palestinians, 13 of them children, were injured across the West Bank, mostly in response to stone-throwing. 44%, or 18 of the injuries, including 9 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218215	children, were shot with live ammunition. Over the same week Israeli forces fired 'warning' fire into Gaza's Access Restricted Areas (ARA) on 23 occasions. The IDF made one incursion, to level ground, into Gaza, near the Maghazi Refugee camp. Settlers attacked Palestinians or damaged their property on 7 occasions. 3 incidents of Palestinian stone-throwing were recorded: one Israeli woman was injured, and two buses damaged.30 Palestinian structures were demolished in the West Bank, 22 in Area C and 8 in Jerusalem, for lack of Israeli building permission Of these 13 were residences, leaving 78 people homeless. Between 17–23 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218216	March, 21 Palestinians, including 7 children, were injured in clashes with Israeli forces. Israel fired warning shots 21 times at sea and land into Access Restricted Areas in the Gaza Strip. In 86 search and arrest operations 93 Palestinians were arrested in the West Bank. In Area C of the West Bank, 30 Palestinian structures were razed for lack of Israeli permits, 27 belonging to the herding communities of Al Mak-hul and Al Hadidiya in the northern Jordan Valley, and 3 at Abu Dis, as part of an Israeli plan to forcibly relocate 46 communities. 492 trees and saplings 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218217	on the West Bank village lands of Majdal Bani Fadil (Nablus), Biddya (Salfit) and ad-Dhahiriya (Hebron) were uprooted by Israeli forces, claiming they were planted on Israeli state lands. Israeli settlers attacked Palestinians 4 times, resulting in Palestinian injuries or property damage, which 2 Palestinian stone throwing incidents in East Jerusalem, one on a bus and another on settler housing injured 4 Israelis, including 2 children. Between 34 March–April 2, 64 Palestinians, including five children, which injured during clashes with Israeli forces. Israel conducted 110 search and arrest operations, arresting 132 Palestinians in the West Bank. 3 Palestinian 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218218	attacks took place in East Jerusalem, on injuring a 4-year-old Israeli child from stone throwing. Two of the incidents took place in Beit Hanina and Silwan respectively Undated April. In the 2 weeks from March 31 to April 31, 117 Palestinians in clashes, mostly protest marches, involving stone throwing:14 from live fire, including 4 children. On 36 occasions Israeli forces fired on Gazan civilians near the perimeter fence or at sea. Gazan militants fired twice at Israeli communities over the border. 147 search-and-arrest operations were conducted, and 197 Palestinians arrested. 9 Palestinian structures were demolished in 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218219	East Jerusalem for lack of Israeli permits.4 attacks by settlers were registered, injuring two 11- and 16-year-old girls, while 5 Palestinian attacks on settlers or their property were reported, 4 settlers being injured as a result of stone-throwing at buses. 31 Palestinians, including 12 children, were injured in clashes with Israeli forces from 14 to 21 April. Half of the incidents involved stone-throwing. Israeli forces fired warning fire on 22 occasions into the Gaza Strip and its coastal waters. I Israeli man was killed, and a woman injured, in a traffic incident described by Israeli sources 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218220	as deliberate and by Palestinian sources as accidental. 2 attacks by settlers were reported. 8 solar panels donated by an international NGO for two Bedouin houses in Khan al Ahmar Abu al Helu, Jerusalem, were dismantled and confiscated by Israeli authorities. From 21 to 27 April, 49 Palestinians,(of whom 11 were children and 4 women) were injured by Israeli forces in various, mainly stone-throwing clashes. On 18 occasions Israel fired towards at Palestinians in the Access Restricted Areas (ARA) of the Gaza Strip. On two occasions a farmer and a 17-year-old boy were wounded. I settler was 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218221	injured while on a bus, at At Tur, from stone-throwing. One settler's car was damaged by a Molotov cocktail near Beit Ur al-Tahta (Ramallah). Undated May. In the week between 28 April and 4 May, 13 Palestinians, including 2 children and 5 journalists, were injured by Israeli forces operating in the West Bank, and one Palestinian was wounded by live fire in East Jerusalem. A rocket fired from Gaza towards Israeli fell short and exploded in the Gaza Strip.25 incidents of Israeli naval forces firing on fishermen's boats from Gaza in the ARA restricted area were 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218222	reported. 320 Palestinians, half of them children were displaced from their dwellings for two days as Israeli military exercises took place in the Jordan Valley. 3 homes were demolished for lack of Israeli permits in Area C of the West Bank. The Israeli High Court turned down a request to halt the proposed demolition of the Palestinian village of Susiya. In 95 search-and-arrest operations 110 Palestinians were arrested.3 incidents of Palestinian stone throwing, resulting in injuries to 2 Israelis and damage to vehicles were reported. Between 5 and 11 May, 31 Palestinians, including 7 children were injured by 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218223	Israeli forces, 23 in the West Bank. A further 8, including 5 fisherman, 2 farmers and a child, were shot in restricted access areas inside or offshore from the Gaza Strip, where Israeli forces opened fire on 18 occasions. 102 Israeli search and arrest operations were conducted in the West Bank and 97 Palestinians were arrested. 3 families in Silwan were displaced when Israeli settlers took over 3 apartments. A health clinic in Shuafat providing services to 62 Palestinian schools was closed for 1 year, as contravening an Israeli law stating that the Palestinian Authority cannot operate in East 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218224	Jerusalem. 8 Palestinian structures were demolished in Area C, affecting 51 families, and 3,000 metres of water pipes were confiscated. 30 electrical poles and 3000 meters in cables supplying electricity to the village of Um Sidra. 4 Palestinian attacks on Israelis were registered. 87 Palestinians, including 18 children and 3 women, were injured by Israeli forces, 29 by live ammunition. In the Gaza Strip, 74 Palestinian security forces were injured trying to defuse unexploded ordnance (UXO) west of Beit Lahiya. Israeli forces opened fire 20 times into ARA access restricted area inside or offshore of the Gaza Strip. In Area 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218225	C, a commercial structure in Silwad (Ramallah) for lack of an Israelil permit. In the Jordan Valley, two kilometers of donor funded irrigation pipes in Al Jiftlik Abu al 'Ajaj and Umm Al Obor were confiscated for lacking Israeli permits. 10 settler attacks on Palestinians and their property, in which 5 people, among them an 18-month-old child and an elderly couple, were injured by Israeli stone throwing, occurred. 959 trees and sapling were destroyed by arson, and 22 vehicles damaged by settler stone throwing. A Palestinian injured 4 Israelis when he crashed his car into an Israeli bus 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218226	station near Gush Etzion. There were 7 incidents of Palestinian stone throwing causing damage to settler property, and 4 injuries to Israelis. I Palestinian was shot dead after his car hit several Israeli border policemen. 77 Palestinians, including 8 children, one shot in the eye, were injured during protest clashes. In the Gaza Strip, on at least, Israeli forces opened fire 22 times in the Access Restricted Area (ARA) in and arpound the Gaza Strip, injuring fisherman. including a 16-year-old youth. In 91 search-and-arrest operations, Israeli forces detained 106 Palestinians. 9 Palestinian buildings were demolished for 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218227	lack of Israeli permits in Area C and East Jerusalem, displacing 9 families. Settlers made 5 attacks, resulting in injury or property damage. 235 trees were set on fire and vandalized on Palestinian lots in Salfit and Tulkarm. Two Palestinian attacks, one involving stabbing, injuring Israelis or their property occurred in East Jerusalem. An Israeli car was struck by a Molotov bomb near Beit Hanina. Between May 26 and June 1, 64 Palestinians, including 9 children, were injured in the West Bank, the majority during clashes in solidarity protests over the administrative detention of Palestinians, and against construction of the 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218228	separation barrier. Israeli naval forces fired on fisherman at least times in the offshore Gaza restricted access area, injuring 2. 81 search-and-arrest operations were launched in the West Bank. In cluding detentions of fishermen, 104 Palestinians were detained. Settlers attacked twice, once throwing stones and setting fire to a house in Tel Rumeida, the other involving stone throwing at Palestinian cars on the Nahalin to Husan road. One incident was recorded of a Molotov cocktail being thrown, which damaged an Israeli vehicle near Beit Hanina. June. Between 2–9 June operations by Israeli forces and clashes in the West 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218229	Bank led to injuries to 19 Palestinians, including 7 children, were injured by Israeli forces in the West Bank in the context of clashes.2 boys, 13 and 16 respectively, were shot by live ammunition at Silwad (Ramallah) and Balata Refugee Camp. 3 boys, aged 12 and 17, were hit by sound bombs in East Jerusalem, during clashes; a 17-year-old Abu Dis boy was wounded by a rubber-coated steel bullet. A 9-year-old boy suffered severe burns when he tampered with unexploded Israeli ordnance near his home in Tuba. A Gaza militant group fired rockets into Israel 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218230	twice. On 25 occasions Israeli forces opened fire on Gazans fishing around the area of the restricted zone, or farming near the border. Search-and-arrest operations led to the arrest of 122 Palestinians. Israel demolished 28 structures in Area C of the West Bank and East Jerusalem for lack of Israeli permits. Two settler attacks involving stone throwing were registered against Palestinian traffic. Between 9–15 June, 2 Palestinians were shot and killed, according to Israeli sources while trying to throw Molotov cocktails. 15 Palestinians, including 3 children, were injured. Israeli forces opened fire in the restricted access areas around 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218231	Gaza on 12 occasions. 98 Palestinians were arrested during 81 search-and-arrest operations in the West Bank and one near Gaza.16 Palestinian-owned structures were razed for lack of Israeli permits, 13 in Area C and 3 in East Jerusalem. 2 settler attacks occurred: 8 trees in Susya (Hebron) were vandalized, and 20 dunams of wheat fields were fired at Kafr al-Labad near the Israeli settlement of Enav. 3 Palestinian attacks against Israelis in East Jerusalem were reported. In one an Israeli woman was injured by stone throwing; a settler's residence and a vehicle were also damaged	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218232	. Between 16–22 July, An Israel citizen was killed and another wounded by a Palestinian nearr Israeli civilian injured, reportedly by a Palestinian, while touring near Deir Ibzi in the West Bank. A Palestinian stabbed a policeman in East Jerusalem. 19 Palestinians, among whom 2 children, were injured. In two incidents in the Gaza Restricted zone, Israeli soldiers shot 3 civilians, and entered the Gaza Strip one to level land with bulldozers. A home was demolished in Beit Hanina for lack of a permit. 5 settler attacks damaging Palestinian property were registered, damaging olive trees or stoning Palestinian cars. 5 Israelis 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218233	were injured from Palestinian stone throwing. Over the week from 23 to 29 June, a Palestinian was shot dead near the Hamra checkpoint, and in a follow-up raid a 17-year-old was wounded by live ammunition at Al-Awja. I settler was killed and 3 wounded in a drive-by shooting near Nablus, and a Palestinian woman stabbed an Israeli policewoman on checkpoint duty near Gilo. 3 incidents resulting in damage to Israeli property, including an ambulance fired on near Beit El settlement, were recorded. Israelis wounded 9 Palestinians, including g 2 children in multiple incidents during stone 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218234	throwing clashes in Al-Ram, Kafr Qaddum, Ni'lin, Askar Refugee Camp and Al Awja. Israeli forces opened fire on 8 occasions in the Gaza ARA, and on one occasion shot a missile at an olive farm near Beit Hanoun. Boats and crops were damaged. 5 settler attacks, resulting in property damage and personal injury were registered at Hebron and in East Jerusalem, while 20 dunams at Tayba village were set on fire, and a vehicle was damaged from stone throwing near Majdal Bani Fadil. Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015 2015. According to Walla!, from January 	Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015
8218235	Juan Ulloa Juan Ulloa Juan Ulloa Ramírez (February 5, 1935 – February 11, 2017) was a Costa Rican football player, who used to play as a striker. Club career. Ulloa started his career in 1948 at Third Division side El Carmen de Alajuela and played the majority of his career for hometown club Alajuelense, but also had spells at Puntarenas, San Carlos, Uruguay de Coronado and Orión as well as abroad at Guatemalan side Aurora, in Mexico with León, four months with Real Betis in Spain and Unión Deportiva Canarias in Venezuela. Ulloa was top scorer of the Primera División three times, in 	Juan Ulloa
8218236	1959, 1960 and 1966, totalling 140 goals in the Costa Rica Primera División. He scored a record total of 247 goals in all competitions (league, cup, national team and internal club matches). He retired in 1970. International career. Ulloa was also part of the Ticos, playing 27 games and scoring 27 goals. He was the national team's all-time goalscorer until Rolando Fonseca surpassed him in 2001. He represented his country in 7 FIFA World Cup qualification matches. Death. On February 11, 2017, Ulloa was invited to receive a tribute in the Estadio Alejandro Morera Soto before a match 	Juan Ulloa
8218237	between Alajuelense and San Carlos, as he had played for both teams in his career. Former Alajuelense player Pablo Nassar took him back to his house, where Ulloa suffered a cardiorespiratory problem. He was taken to the San Rafael Hospital in Alajuela, where he died. Juan Ulloa Juan Ulloa Ramírez (February 5, 1935 – February 11, 2017) was a Costa Rican football player, who used to play as a striker. Club career. Ulloa started his career in 1948 at Third Division side El Carmen de Alajuela and played the majority of his career for hometown club Alajuelense, but also had spells 	Juan Ulloa
8218238	B. montana B. montana B. montana may refer to: B. montana B. montana may refer to: 	B. montana
8218239	Hanam Jungwon Hanam Jungwon Hanam Jungwon (1876–1951, 漢巖重遠) was a Korean Buddhist monk and Seon master. He was also the spiritual head(宗正) of what was to become the modern Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. He was the Dharma disciple of Gyeongheo Seongu (鏡虛 惺牛,1846-1912), and the Dharma brother of Woelmyeon Mangong (月面滿空, 1871-1946). Early life. Hanam Sunim was born to an upper-class family in 1876 and received a traditional education in the Confucian classics, but at the age of 20, he left home and became a monk. He entered Jangan Temple(長安寺) in the Diamond Mountains of present-day North 	Hanam Jungwon
8218240	Korea, and his guiding sunim was Haenglŭm Kŭmwŏl. Some time later he left there to continue his studies at Singye Temple(神溪寺). After several years, he came across a passage by the Koryo Dynasty Seon Master, Bojo Jinul, in Secrets on Cultivating the Mind": This precipitated his first enlightenment experience, in 1899. The essence of that passage, "don't search for the Buddha outside of yourself," stayed with Hanam Sunim throughout his life. After Hanam Sunim's first enlightenment experience, he made his way south to Sudo Hermitage,9 he met Kyŏnghŏ Sunim.10 Meeting Hanam Sunim, Kyŏnghŏ Sunim quoted the following phrase  from the Diamond Sutra: Upon hearing this, Hanam Sunim experienced a second enlightenment, and "felt that the whole universe could be seen in one glance and whatever was to be heard or seen was nothing other than that which was within himself." He composed the following poem: From 1899 to 1903, Hanam Sunim spent the retreat seasons either studying under Kyŏnghŏ Sunim or attending retreat seasons at other meditation halls in the region. They spent the summer retreat season of 1903 together at Haein Temple, and later that fall, Kyŏnghŏ Sunim headed north by himself. He died in 1912. 1904 -1912. In 1904, at the age of 29, Hanam Sunim became the head of the meditation hall at Tongdo Temple(通度寺). However, in 1910, while studying a scripture, he came across a passage that he himself didn't fully understand. The next day he ordered the meditation hall closed and made his way to Udu Hermitage near Maeng-san district in Pyŏngan-do (in the northwestern area of present-day North Korea) in order to continue his practice. He stayed in that area until at least 1912. One day, while starting a fire, Hanam Sunim had his third enlightenment experience, and  composed the following poems: 1912-1926. Very little is known about this time in Hanam Sunim's life. As the Maeng-san district is only 70-80 kilometers south of the Myohyang Mountains, it's probable that Hanam Sunim spent time at different temples there. The Myohyang Mountains are large mountainous area in the far north of Korea, and at the time were a major Buddhist center, with several large, important temples and many smaller hermitages. Given Hanam Sunim's reputation as a disciple of Gyeongheo, and his time as head of the meditation hall at Tongdo Temple, it would  not be unusual for the sunims in this area to ask him to fulfill a similar role. A well-known saying of "Mangong in the south, Hanam in the north" may date from this time. (At the time, Mangong Sunim was at Sudeok Temple, which is about 1.5 hours south of Seoul by car.) Hanam Sunim was in the Diamond Mountains, at Jangan Temple by 1922, and later just outside Seoul at Bongeun Temple in 1926. He left then and, perhaps intending to return to the Diamond Mountains, wound up staying in the Odae Mountains, at Sangwon Temple. (This would  have been on his path to the Diamond Mountains.) As he was a very well known teacher, it seems likely that the monks at the nearby large temple, Woljeong Temple, had asked him to stay and teach. 1926-1951. Hanam Sunim was famous for the diligence of his spiritual practice, and it is often said that during the last 25 years of his life he never once left his temple, Sangwon Temple, in the Odae Mountains. Many people, hearing of this, assume that it was because of his spiritual practice that he wouldn't leave. However, a close examination of  Hanam Sunim's letters reveals that he actually did leave the Odae Mountains at least twice between 1926 and 1933. What kept him there in later years appears to have been his responsibility for the sunims practicing in the Odae mountains, combined with his ill-health. Hanam Sunim repeatedly refused to go to Seoul, where he would have been at the bidding of the Japanese government, and it seems that people confused this as a desire to stay in the Odae Mountains. In a conversation with the Japanese Superintendent of Police, Hanam Sunim plainly states that he'd gone to  Seoul to visit a dentist, and south to see Bulguk Temple. This was confirmed by his long-time correspondent, Kyeongbong Sunim, who living nearby at Tongdo Temple, recorded in his diary that Hanma Sunim visited him for several days before returning to the Odae Mountains.(c.f. Chong Go 2007: 75) During this time, he was frequently elected to high leadership positions within Korean Buddhism, usually without his consent. In 1929 he was elected one of the seven patriarchs of Korean Buddhism during the Grand Assembly of Korean Buddhist Monks(Chosŏn Pulgyo sŭngnyŏ taehoe). He was elected as vice chairman of the meditation  society, Sŏn hakwŏn in 1934, and in 1936 he was elected as the Supreme Patriarch of the Jogye Order, and again in 1941, when it was reorganized. He resigned in 1945, but was again elected in 1948 and asked to serve as Supreme Patriarch. (Chong Go 2008: 124) Death. Hanam Sunim is perhaps most popularly known for the events leading up to his death. During the Korean War, a Chinese army offensive broke through the UN lines in January 1951 and was rapidly advancing south. The South Korean army was ordered to burn all of the buildings in the Odae  Mountains in order to deny shelter to the advancing Chinese troops. WolJeong Temple could be seen burning when a squad of South Korean soldiers arrived at Sangwon Temple. Explaining their mission, they ordered everyone to pack what they could and leave immediately. Instead, Hanam Sunim returned to the Dharma Hall, put on his formal robe, and, sitting down, told the lieutenant to go ahead and burn the buildings. Hanam Sunim then told the lieutenant that his since his job was to stay with the temple, and the lieutenant's was to burn it, there would be no conflict(or bad karma ) because they were both just doing their job. The lieutenant couldn't get Hanam Sunim to leave, and so at great risk to himself (for disobeying orders in wartime) he instead piled all of the wooden doors and window shutters in the courtyard and burned those instead. In this way, Sangwon Temple was one of the few temples in this area to survive the war. Hanam Sunim died two months later, on March 21, 1951, following a brief illness. Teachings. Hanam Sunim was known for the diligence with which he upheld the traditional precepts for a Buddhist monk, along with  the sincerity of his practice. As the head of the meditation hall at Sangwon Temple(上院寺), he had monks study sutras and learn ceremonies during the meditation retreat. This was unprecedented, but he explained that such long periods of meditation were actually the most appropriate times to study those things. He also said that monks should be adept at five things: Meditation, chanting, understanding the sutras, performing any needed ceremonies, and maintaining and protecting the temple. (See also Ulmann, 2010, for more about this.) He was also quite flexible in his approach to hwadus(koans) and the meditation method known as silent  illumination, emphasizing that neither method was inherently better or worse than the other. Instead it came down to which was best suited to the student. Hwadu/koan, reflective illumination, and chanting. Hanam Sunim didn't particularly discriminate between the different methods of Buddhist spiritual practice. For example, in an article titled "21 Seon Questions and Answers," he gave several examples of how great Seon masters of the past had used both Hwadus and Reflective Illumination to teach different disciples, and in "Five Things that Sunims Should Practice," he explained how reciting the name of Buddha could lead to the state  that transcended the discriminating consciousness, and thus lead to awakening. In general, Hanam Sunim's view of spiritual practice seems to be one of "Skillful Means," rather than absolute methods. For example, in "21 Seon Questions and Answers," when he was asked about which hwadus were best to practice with, before going on to give a detailed explanation of traditional hwadu practice, Hanam Sunim first replied, Cause and effect/karma. Many of the monks who knew Hanam Sunim commented on his strong faith in the teachings of cause and effect. This belief is seen numerous places in his writings. Zingmark  relates the following stories that convey a sense of Hanam Sunim's faith in cause and effect: On February 22, 1947, two junior monks were studying in a small building within the Sangwŏn Temple compound. They left a candle burning when they went outside, and this was the cause of the fire that burned down the entire temple. However, when Hanam Sunim describes the fire to Kyŏngbong Sunim he didn’t blame anyone specifically. Instead, he attributes the fire to the workings of cause and effect in which he and everyone else at the temple played a role: Between 1945  and 1950, there were increasing conflicts within the Jogye Order between the monks who had married during the Japanese occupation and those monks who had kept the traditional precepts. The tone of these conflicts was increasingly strident and there were even incidences of violence. These events led Hanam Sunim to issue a statement in the fall of 1949 saying that all of these problems should be solved harmoniously. Hanam Sunim alludes to these problems in his 23rd letter to Kyŏngbong Sunim: In addition to his own belief in cause and effect, Hanam Sunim(in his second letter) also warns Kyŏngbong Sunim  to be cautious of others who ignore cause and effect. References. Korean Minjoksa. English External links. "Hanam Sunim". Odaesan Woljeongsa (in Korean). Hanam Jungwon Hanam Jungwon (1876–1951, 漢巖重遠) was a Korean Buddhist monk and Seon master. He was also the spiritual head(宗正) of what was to become the modern Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. He was the Dharma disciple of Gyeongheo Seongu (鏡虛 惺牛,1846-1912), and the Dharma brother of Woelmyeon Mangong (月面滿空, 1871-1946). Early life. Hanam Sunim was born to an upper-class family in 1876 and received a traditional education in the Confucian classics, but at the