Potassium metabisulfite
Potassium metabisulfite, KSO, also known as potassium pyrosulfite, is a white crystalline powder with a pungent odour. It is mainly used as an antioxidant or chemical sterilant. As a disulfite, it is chemically very similar to sodium metabisulfite, with which it is sometimes used interchangeably. Potassium metabisulfite has a monoclinic crystal structure. Preparation and reactions. Potassium metabisulfite can be prepared by treating a solution of potassium hydroxide with sulfur dioxide. It decomposes at 190 °C, yielding potassium sulfite and sulfur dioxide: Uses. It is used as a food additive, also known as E224. It is restricted in  use and may cause allergic reactions in some sensitive persons. Wine. Potassium metabisulfite is a common wine or must additive, in which it forms sulfur dioxide (SO). Sulfur dioxide is a disinfectant. It also acts as a potent antioxidant, protecting both the color and delicate flavors of wine. A high dose would be 3 grams of potassium metabisulfite per six-gallon bucket of must (yielding roughly 75 ppm of SO) prior to fermentation; then 6 grams per six-gallon bucket (150 ppm of SO) at bottling. Some countries regulate the SO content of wines. Winemaking equipment is sanitized by spraying  with a 1% SO (2 tsp potassium metabisulfite per L) solution. Beer. Potassium metabisulfite is sometimes used in the brewing industry to inhibit the growth of wild bacteria and fungi. This step is called 'stabilizing'. It is also used to neutralize monochloramine from tap water. It is used both by homebrewers and commercial brewers alike. It is not used as much for brewing beer, because the wort is almost always boiled, which kills most microorganisms. Safety. Potassium metabisulfite can irritate skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.