Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino
The Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino (English: Olympic Grande Torino Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Turin, Italy. It is the home ground of Serie A club Torino Football Club. The stadium is located in Piazzale Grande Torino, in the district of Santa Rita, in the south-central area of the city. The stadium is currently rated by UEFA as a Category 4 stadium, the highest ranking possible. Constructed in the 1930s, originally known as the Stadio Municipale Benito Mussolini (or colloquially the Stadio Municipale) and later the Stadio Comunale, it was the home of  Juventus and Torino until 1990, when it was abandoned in favour of the Stadio delle Alpi. After a sixteen-year stint without Serie A football, the stadium was renovated and renamed the "Stadio Olimpico" on the occasion of the 2006 Winter Olympics. In a reversal of 1990, both Juventus and Torino moved back to the Olimpico, with Juventus using it until the end of the 2010–11 season, and Torino retaining it as their home stadium to the present day. History. The original project: Stadio Municipale Benito Mussolini. Originally named after Benito Mussolini, the stadium was built to host the Games  of the year Littoriali XI, held in 1933 and the World Student Games in the same year. The Municipal Administration, to shorten the construction time, announced a contest, then divided the work among three companies: the stadium (stands, bleachers and local affairs) was entrusted to Company Saverio Parisi Rome (designed by the architect Fagnoni and Eng. Bianchini and Ortensi), the athletic field, the Tower of Marathon and the ticket to Eng. Vannacci and Lucherini (project architect Brenno Del Giudice, Prof. Colonnetti and Eng. Vannacci), and the indoor pool to Company AN. Construction Companies Eng. E. Faletti (project architect Bonicelli and  Eng. Villanova). The Eng. Guido De Bernardi undertook the preparation of fields and slopes. Work began in September 1932. The stadium was inaugurated on 14 May 1933 by the Secretary of the Party, Achille Starace, at the beginning of Littoriali. The first match played in the new stadium was between Juventus and Hungary's Újpest FC (6–2), the return leg of the quarter-finals of the Central European Cup, on 29 June 1933. Stadio Mussolini during the 1930s. The original design stage consisted of a vast ring ellipsoid, whose major perimeter was about 640 metres. The base consisted of a  bench of white granite, on which rested the socket in red plaster. The same materials were formed at 45° planes, that mark three strips of glass for lighting indoors, crowned by a white railing. Over this, large windows overlooked, restricted by concrete pillars that supported the terminal swing, projecting more than three metres, with an inclination of 45 degrees. The approaches were practised inside through openings 27, the main one of which led to the gallery, with cover from the weather. The parterre was partly covered by cantilevered terraces that adjective, and was slightly higher in the most distant  from the field. The playing field measures 70 x 105 metres, surrounded by an athletics track with six lanes, mass pits for the shot put and discus throw, the track for the long jump and the top corner. Initially, the curves of the athletics track were designed at three centres. After protests from the national executive Massimo Cartasegna (who had participated as an athlete in the 1908 Olympics), they were redesigned to a single centre. The result, however, was that the track had an abnormal length of 446.38 metres. The post-war municipal stadium. After the stadium's inauguration, it  hosted several matches of the 1934 FIFA World Cup, which was held in Italy. In the 1934–35 season, the Stadio Olimpico di Torino began to host matches for the League Cup. From the late 1950s until the 1989–90 season, it hosted the home games of both Turin teams in the Italian championship; the stadium was then abandoned in favor of the Stadio delle Alpi, built for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Between 1935 and 1986, Juventus were Italian champions 16 times (including five consecutive titles between 1931 and 1935), won 7 Italian Cups, several international titles, and one UEFA Cup  (1976). For their part, between 1935 and 1976 Torino were 6-time Italian champions themselves (also with five consecutive titles, between 1945 and 1949), and won 4 Italian Cups in the stadium. From 1938 until the late 1950s, the stadium also housed the headquarters of the provisional Automobile Museum (opened in 1939). It served as the main stadium of the Universiade in 1959 and 1970, hosted the 1970 Women's World Cup Final, and in the 1980s the stadium was renamed "Vittorio Pozzo", in homage to the coach who was twice World Champion with the Italy national football team in  1934 and 1938, who also coached Torino between 1912 and 1922. After the construction of Stadio delle Alpi, the Communal Stadium was used less and less up to be intended only to accommodate the Juventus coach (until 2003) And, since 2004 those of Turin. Reconstruction for the 2006 Winter Olympics. Following the agreements with the City, which entrusted the Stadio delle Alpi to Juventus, it was assigned to Municipal Stadium Torino, for reconstruction and to be operational in time to host the opening and closing ceremonies of the Winter Olympics. However, due to the non-registration of the company grenade  Championship (sanctioned definitively 9 August 2005), the City of Turin is the owner of the stadium and returned to complete the reconstruction. The renovation project, consisting of two architects Verona Architect John Work Arteco and has maintained the existing structures, subject to the constraint of the Superintendency of Environmental and Architectural Heritage, and added new structures to withstand the vertical coverage of the entire plant, and a third ring of tiers, structurally continuous and cooperative coverage, with the corresponding part of the previous cover part 44 host closed boxes. Approximately one third of the lining of the roof is translucent  plastic, so as to avoid as much as possible that the shadow cast by itself can damage the turf due to less sunlight. The total capacity is 27,168 seats, all covered and seated, lower than the original (originally the facility could accommodate 65,000 people standing) to meet modern safety standards. For ceremonies, expansion was made to 35,000 seats by temporary structures, plus construction of massive construction scenes for technical preparation of the Olympic flame. Many interior changes were made: the new main building on the ground floor of a commercial area of 1,163 square meters; in the north-west, also  restored and relocated were the center of sports medicine, all services and offices. Outside was built a new Olympic Park and a new Olympic Sports Hall, designed by Arata Isozaki of Japan. The renovation of the stadium cost 30 million euros. The new Olympic Stadium was officially presented on 29 November 2005 in a ceremony attended by representatives of local government, the International Olympic Committee, and the TOROC. Return of football (2006–present). In 2006, the stadium returned to hosting football matches of the two city teams, Torino and Juventus. In 2011, Juventus moved to its new stadium called Juventus  Stadium on the site of Stadio delle Alpi. At the end of the ground-share, Torino can decide to purchase the facility and could rename it "Stadium Grande Torino", said Mario Pescante on the occasion of the inauguration of the renovated stadium. Despite having physically eliminated the athletics track (in its place is a carpet of synthetic grass), the distance between the stands and the pitch has not changed. This caused disappointment among fans, who would have preferred to have the stands closer to the field, as in England. However, during the restructuring a new parterre was built, bringing the  crowd closer to the front rows. 80 seats are reserved for disabled spectators in wheelchairs, including 64 located in two tribunes raised in the parterre of the first ring of separate stations, 12 in the grandstand and 4 in the boxes. The Olympic Stadium was the first stadium in Italy to fully comply with the dictates of the "Pisanu Law" on stadium security. More than 80 surveillance cameras allow the police to locate and identify perpetrators of violence. The glass enclosure that separates the field from the spectators area, is mobile. It is high, but during games that do not  raise risk of public policy may be lowered to . Furthermore, the use of technology was high: heating coils were placed below the field for use during cold temperatures and, in case of rain, an automatic system can cover the ground. During its first two years of use, from 2006 to 2008, two separate security zones separated the opposing fans; the actual capacity was limited to 25,500 seats. During the summer of 2008 there were held extensive renovations, in view of the return of Juventus to the Champions League. 1,350 new seats were installed, in four rows behind the first row  of the gallery, creating a new ring on the area of the old track. To promote visibility of spectators in these new rows, barriers have been lowered to 1.10 meters, compared to the previous 2.20 meters. Finally, 650 seats were recovered with the downsizing of guest areas. The capacity thus became approximately 27,500 seats. During the summer of 2009, more work was performed. The parapet separation was lowered to 1.10 meters in all sectors and 444 new seats were added in the parterre, bringing the total stadium capacity to 27,994 seats. Moreover, in the summer of 2012, have been eliminated  also the barriers that divided the Curva Maratona with Maratona Laterale (formerly the guest's sector in the home matches of Juventus in the same season moved to the new Juventus Stadium), allowing a further increase in capacity from 27,994 places in 2009, to 28,140 today. In April 2016, the Olimpico was renamed the Stadio Olimpico Grande Torino in honour of the side from the 1940s. Stands. Curva Maratona (Curva Nord). This section of the stadium is traditionally occupied by the nuclei of the most heated organised supporters of Torino during home games. This name has been attributed to the  presence, since the time of the Municipal Stadium, in the area behind the curve itself, of a high tower, the "Marathon Tower", as it is now called, since it stands near the entrance reserved during the Olympic Games for athletes participating in the marathon. Curva Primavera (Curva Sud). Since reopening the facility after the Winter Olympics in 2006, the south bend was renamed the "Curva Primavera" in honour of the Torino youth teams. In Italian, this literally translates to "Spring Curve". Distinti Est. The Distinguished East (the east area of the stadium when Torino plays) of the Olympic Stadium in  Turin has been the meeting place of families within the facility. On the left side is a separate sector, reserved for fans of visiting teams. Distinti Ovest. The Distinguished West was the most expensive stand of the Olympic Stadium. This second level is reserved exclusively for journalists, commentators and prominent figures. Other sports. On 9 November 2013, it hosted Italy's end-of-year rugby union international against Australia who won 50 - 20.