Muri bei Bern
Muri bei Bern is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. History. Muri is first mentioned in 1180 as "Mure" while Gümligen appears in 1239 as "Gumelingen" or "Gumlingin" Archaeological finds at Schlosshügel, unearthed in 1832, show that Muri was already settled in the era of the Roman Empire. The earliest documentary evidence for the name was in 1180, when a clergyman named Burkhard made transactions with wealthy residents. At that time Muri belonged to the dominion of Geristein, which in 1298 was conquered by the city of Bern . The holdings consisted of the four so-called parishes Bolligen, Muri, Stettlen, and Vechigen. As the emerging Bern conquered the territories, it left the municipalities untouched, beginning the long-standing tradition of municipal autonomy. In the course of the centuries the residents of the municipality lived in relative stability, in which the major changes in European and Swiss history seemed to pass them by. Major structural and commercial changes began to take place in the beginning of the 20th century. It followed industrialization and the trains from the city to the countryside. In the decade between 1920 and 1930, the  municipal population grew from 2435 to 3938, or 62%. Geography. Muri bei Bern has an area of . Of this area, or 26.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 21.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 49.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.8% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.7% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.0% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 32.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 11.7%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.2%. Out of the forested land , 20.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 18.2% is used for growing crops and 6.8% is pastures, while 1.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The highest point is on the Dentenberg Mountain; the lowest point is at the Aare River. The municipality is located on a terrace above the right bank of the Aare river and is part of the agglomeration of Bern. It consists of the villages of Muri and Gümligen . On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Bern, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland. Coat of Arms. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "per pale Sable and Argent, a Fess embattled counterchanged". Demographics. Muri bei Bern has a population () of . , 12.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 2.1%. Migration accounted for 5.2%, while births and deaths accounted for -3.4%. Muri also provides a tram service called Bernmobil  and bus service from RBS. Most of the population () speaks German (11,180 or 88.9%) as their first language, French is the second most common (383 or 3.0%) and English is the third (186 or 1.5%). There are 178 people who speak Italian and 8 people who speak Romansh. , the population was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The population was made up of 5,252 Swiss men (41.6% of the population) and 842 (6.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,804 Swiss women (46.0%) and 727 (5.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 2,290 or about 18.2% were born in  Muri bei Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 5,538 or 44.1% who were born in the same canton, while 2,448 or 19.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 1,652 or 13.1% were born outside of Switzerland. , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 17.8% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 25.7%. , there were 4,612 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 6,335 married individuals, 836 widows or widowers and 788 individuals who are divorced. , there were 1,989 households  that consist of only one person and 227 households with five or more people. , a total of 5,427 apartments (93.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 268 apartments (4.6%) were seasonally occupied and 103 apartments (1.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.19%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Heritage sites of national significance. The Hofgut and Gümligen Castle are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. Religion. From the , 2,065 or 16.4% were Roman Catholic, while 7,826  or 62.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 71 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.56% of the population), there were 20 individuals (or about 0.16% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 696 individuals (or about 5.54% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 33 individuals (or about 0.26% of the population) who were Jewish, and 197 (or about 1.57% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 41 individuals who were Buddhist, 68 individuals who were Hindu and 25  individuals who belonged to another church. 1,323 (or about 10.52% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 533 individuals (or about 4.24% of the population) did not answer the question. Politics. The greater municipal council is the legislature of the municipality. It has 40 members, elected every four years by proportional representation. The municipal council is the executive. It has seven members. With the exception of the mayor, the other members keep other jobs. The council is chosen every four years at the same time and in the same manner as the greater council. The  mayor is chosen by majority. In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the FDP which received 20.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (19.7%), the SVP (19.1%) and the BDP Party (14.1%). In the federal election, a total of 5,799 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 60.9%. Economy. In January 2003 the trade and industry association of the canton of Bern ranked 51 major municipalities in the Bern metropolitan area and Biel-Seeland region according to favorable economic practices. Muri led the list, followed by Lyss and Belp. Muri  is known as a tax haven within the canton. Space for new enterprises is being made available with authorized construction plans. The areas designated Gümligen Station and Gümligen Field are currently centers of development within the canton. , Muri bei Bern had an unemployment rate of 1.48%. , there were a total of 7,656 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 25 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 1,724 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 109 businesses in this sector. 5,907 people were employed in the tertiary  sector, with 597 businesses in this sector. , there were 4,999 workers who commuted into the municipality and 4,717 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.1 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 35.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 41.9% used a private car. Education. Within the municipality, there are six primary schools. There is also a private school, which conducts classes in English, the International School of Berne in Gümligen. The community also has 4 Kitas (Kindertagesstätte), or preschool daycare centers, where children can  be taken care of even before they are of age for regular kindergarten. Three of them are in Gümligen, while one is in Muri. There is also a new Cinedome open in Muri with an amazing IMAX theater In Muri bei Bern about 5,128 or (40.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 3,100 or (24.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 3,100 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.3% were Swiss men, 26.8% were Swiss women, 4.8% were non-Swiss men and 3.1% were non-Swiss women. The Canton of Bern  school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship. During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 1,218 students attending classes in Muri bei Bern. There were 9 kindergarten classes with a total of 176 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 7.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.5 % have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 30 primary classes and 602 students. Of the primary students, 13.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 18.8% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 15 lower secondary classes with a total of 289 students. There were 11.4% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. , there were 226 students in Muri bei Bern who came from another municipality, while 605 residents attended  schools outside the municipality.