Max Kaluza
Maximilian Kaluza (born 22 September 1856 in Ratibor, Upper Silesia; died 1 December 1921 in Königsberg, East Prussia) was a German scholar of English philology. Life. Maximilian Kaluza studied from 1873 to 1877 at the Matthias Gymnasium in Wroclaw and was awarded his Ph.D. with a dissertation on the relationship of the Middle English alliterative poem "William of Palerne" to its French models on 12 January 1881. After passing the "Staatsexamen" in December 1881, he was a probationary candidate and assistant teacher at the Gymnasium in Racibórz from 1882 to 1884, and from 1884 to 1887 a high  school teacher in Opole. On 17 May 1887 Kaluza completed his "Habilitation" at the Albertus-Universität Königsberg with a text about the manuscript transmission of the Middle English poem "Libeaus Desconus", becoming a professor of English language and literature. From July 1894 he was at the university as an adjunct professor and director of the English Seminar and after June 1902 a full professor. He retired in the summer of 1921. Among Kaluza's research was an observation on the metrical characteristics of unstressed vowels in the Old English poem "Beowulf", on which the name 'Kaluza's law' was later  bestowed, apparently by R. D. Fulk. The significance of Kaluza's observations for the dating of "Beowulf" has been extensively debated. His son Theodor Kaluza (1885-1954) was a German physicist and his grandson Theodor Kaluza (1910-1994) a mathematician.