Bell, Rhein-Hunsrück
Bell (Hunsrück) is an "Ortsgemeinde" – a municipality belonging to a "Verbandsgemeinde", a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the "Verbandsgemeinde" of Kastellaun, whose seat is in the like-named town. Geography. Location. The municipality lies in the Hunsrück. The main centre – there are six "Ortsteile" – with its 479 inhabitants (as at 30 June 2009) lies roughly one kilometre from Kastellaun and the "Hunsrückhöhenstraße" (“Hunsrück Heights Road”, a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on Hermann Göring’s orders) on the edge  of the hollow where the streams rise that form the Mörsdorfer Bach, which flows down to Castle Balduinseck where it empties into the Flaumbach, itself a tributary to the Moselle. Constituent communities. Bell’s "Ortsteile" are the main centre, also called Bell, and the outlying centres of Hundheim, Krastel, Leideneck, Wohnroth and Völkenroth along with the Blümlingshof and the Rothenberger Hof. History. In 1220, Bell had its first documentary mention in the directory of yearly payments to the Archbishopric of Trier, the "liber annalium". Even so, Bell is a much older settlement. The name itself is pre-Germanic, being a  Celtic word for a hill or a settlement in the heights. Grave finds near Bell, particularly the Wagon Grave of Bell from late Hallstatt times (about 500 BC), show that the area was settled by Celts. A Roman estate east of the church discovered in the mid 19th century and certified as a “ground monument”, and a Frankish manor just to its south in the cadastral area “In den Hupfeldern” (whose name refers to this estate; foundations of this manor were unearthed when the land was opened to development) give one some clue as to the village's importance in  the time when the Franks were taking over the land. Bell was also the main centre of a parish to which belonged Leideneck, Horn, Alterkülz and even the later castle and residence town of Kastellaun, now the seat of the "Verbandsgemeinde". Neighbouring places with names ending in "—heim" and "—bach" (Hundheim, Michelbach) date from the time of the Frankish takeover (500–700) during the Migration Period ("Völkerwanderung"), and are therefore much younger than Bell. Places with names ending in "—roth" were established in the time of widespread woodland clearing in the Early Middle Ages. Bell also lay near the Celtic, later  Roman, “high road”. Only much later, in the High Middle Ages when it was under the lordship of the Counts of Sponheim, did Bell's name once again crop up in history: in 1305, Count Simon II granted Kastellaun, the little place at his castle, town rights, and obtained from Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, who was Archbishop-Elector of Trier Baldwin's brother, market rights as well, in 1308; the next year, though, Emperor Henry also granted Bell market rights. Modern times. Bell bore its share of hardship and woe in the wars that swept across Europe through the  ages. It was particularly bad in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the "Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg", or War of the Palatine Succession) with King Louis XIV's policy of "Réunions". Beginning in 1794, Bell lay under French rule. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Late in the Second World War Bell was spared destruction when the Americans marched in on 13 March 1945 thanks to several local inhabitants and their clergyman, who courageously seized the initiative and hoisted a white flag on the churchtower. Since 1946, Bell has been part  of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Within the framework of the administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate begun in the mid 1960s, today's municipality was newly formed on 17 March 1974 out of what were until then the six separate municipalities of Bell (378 inhabitants), Hundheim (123), Krastel (173), Leideneck (233), Völkenroth (233) and Wohnroth (145). Other centres’ first documentary mentions. Wohnroth had its first documentary mention in the directory of yearly payments to the Archbishopric of Trier, the "liber annalium" in 1220. The other outlying centres, though, were first mentioned 90 years later in a taxation  register kept by the County of Sponheim. Church history. With the introduction of the Reformation into the County in 1557, Kastellaun and Alterkülz, along with the municipalities that were dependent on them, became parochially autonomous. Leideneck split away in 1854 and thereafter shared a clergyman with Kappel, but since 1976, it has once more been parochially united with Bell. The last municipalities that left the parish of Bell were Spesenroth in 1926, which joined Kastellaun, and Hasselbach in 1947, which nowadays belongs to the parish of Alterkülz. Bell Church. The church's age is not known for certain. The tower 's Romanesque building style would mean that it comes from some time between the 11th and 13th centuries. The nave, however, is considerably newer. It was newly built from the ground up in 1728. The old rectory was built to replace an older one in 1716; it stood until 1959. Bell’s bells. Worthy of note are the church's three bells. The oldest one, the "kleine Maria" (“Little Mary”) dates from 1313, and along with Sohren’s and Büchenbeuren’s bells is one of the oldest in the Hunsrück. Its diameter is 79 cm, its height is 77 cm  and it weighs 250 kg. The "große Maria" (“Great Mary”) was poured in 1459 by bellfounder Thilmann from Hachenburg. Its diameter is 126 cm, its height is 110 cm and it weighs 900 kg. In 1694, some of Louis XIV's soldiers stole this bell. A brave man from Bell named Braun ran after the soldiers and then had earnest words with their general, who relented and let Mr. Braun have the bell back. It turned out that Braun was not even Protestant; he was one of the village's few Catholics. As thanks for Mr. Braun's good deed , the Protestant Presbytery at that time decided that whenever a member of Mr. Braun's family or one of his descendants was buried, the bells at Bell's Protestant church – including the one that he had recovered – would peal to accompany them to their final resting place. Catholics otherwise had to make do with the bell at the town hall. This tradition was observed for the last time in 2005 when Mr. Albert Braun, the hero's last living descendant, died on 31 July of that year in Kastellaun. The third bell in the churchtower was seized and melted down  in the First World War. Its replacement, which was hung in 1928, suffered the same fate only 14 years later in the Second World War. The bell that hangs there now dates from 1957. Its diameter is 90 cm, its height is 88 cm and it weighs 441 kg. The whole village turned out to see the bell lifted from the street on a tight cable, up through one of the sound holes and into the belfry. Eucharist chalice. The Eucharist chalice from 1483 bears the name “Steph’ de Bernkastel”, who was the priest at that time. Politics. Municipal council . The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. Mayor. Bell's mayor is Manfred Kochems, elected in May 2019. Each of the municipality's six "Ortsteile" also has a head official with the title "Ortsvorsteher", each of whom is also on municipal council. Coat of arms. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Azure in base a wall masoned sable of three courses upon which a shorter course of three bricks upon which a poplar tree  eradicated, all argent, the whole below a chief countercompony gules and argent. Culture and sightseeing. Section::::"Beller Markt". On the second-last Wednesday in July each year, Bell holds its traditional "Beller Markt" (market) on the market grounds on the "Hunsrückhöhenstraße" ("Bundesstraße" 327). The market, with its centuries-long tradition as a farmer's market and a livestock trading centre, is today a popular event for tourists and a meeting point for people from the whole region. It draws many thousands of visitors each year. On average, 400 sellers, showmen and restaurateurs offer guests a mixture of market dealing and fair  attractions. Also, many local businesses take part. Buildings. The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: Economy and infrastructure. Until the 1950s there was mining within Bell's municipal limits near the railway station at the Ilse manganese ore mine. Among other businesses, the village has a car and truck workshop, an electrical installer's shop, a goldsmith’s shop and, on the road to the old railway station, an underground and road construction business. Besides the Bell-Vue, there is one other inn run on a pension basis. Bell, Rhein-Hunsrück Bell