Adam Viaduct
The Adam Viaduct is a grade II listed concrete underbridge in Wallgate, Wigan. The bridge, constructed in 1946, is the earliest prestressed concrete railway bridge in the United Kingdom, with only some examples in Switzerland being earlier. It is bridge number 54 on the Kirkby branch line and is at a line distance of . History and construction. The bridge was constructed as a test case, to see if prestressed concrete construction was feasible for rail projects in the UK, by the LMS railway company, and designed by their chief civil engineer William Kelly Wallace. The beams used were  prestressed using the Freyssinet system, in which concrete is precast with stressed high-tensile-strength metal tendons, which consist of multiple steel wires, running down the length of them. In construction, the beams internal rods are tightened and tied together so, under live load, they act as one. The LMS developed this system in the 1930s, and prestressed beams were first used for emergency repairs during World War II, but the Adam Viaduct first to use them for a full-scale project. The benefits of the system were found to be that it was quicker to install, more economical and  longer-lasting, and with the bridge being less lively than traditional designs. The bridge has six I-beams for each track and two beams for each parapet, and they are deep. It was erected in 1946 on the foundations of an earlier Victorian bridge, created as part of the Liverpool & Bury Railway in 1847, which was made from timber with masonry abutments. The earlier bridge was strengthened three times in: 1869, 1888 and 1906. Southgate. Southgate, a bypass of the A49 from Pottery Road and Saddle Junction, passes underneath the bridge and next to the River Douglas. The road, which  officially opened in March 2013, was constructed to reduce traffic in the area.