Alexis Lykiard
Alexis Lykiard (born 1940) is a British writer of Greek heritage, who began his prolific career as novelist and poet in the 1960s. His poems about jazz have received particular acclaim, including from Maya Angelou, Hugo Williams, Roy Fisher, Kevin Bailey and others. Lykiard is also known as translator of Isidore Ducasse, Comte de Lautréamont, Alfred Jarry, Antonin Artaud and many notable French literary figures. In addition, Lykiard has written two highly praised intimate memoirs of Jean Rhys: "Jean Rhys Revisited" (2000) and "Jean Rhys: Afterwords" (2006). According to David Woolley of "Poetry Wales": As poet, novelist and  translator, Alexis Lykiard has won many admirers over the years, but the early novels apart, his work has not received the popular attention it deserves. He has created a body of work that is erudite and witty but never obscure ... Lykiard's language is vivid, breathtaking in its sheer physicality, while still suggesting more ... Early life and education. He was born Constantinos Alexis Lykiardopoulos in Athens, Greece, in 1940, to a mother, Maria Casdagli who was from Salford (her family being involved with the Lancashire cotton industry), while his father Antonis Lykiardopoulos hailed from the island of Chios. Lykiard left  Greece with his parents just after the German occupation, at the start of the four-year Greek Civil War, travelling via relatives in Egypt to England. He has lived since 1946 in the UK, where he learned English and was duly anglicised from the age of six. In 1957, at the age of 17, he won the first Open English Scholarship ever awarded by King's College, Cambridge, graduating with a First-class Honours degree in 1962. While at Cambridge University, he was editor of the university magazine "Granta" (originally called "The Granta"). Writings. Fiction. Lykiard's debut novel "The  Summer Ghosts", written when he was a teenager, was a best-seller in the 1960s, dealing explicitly with sex in the era following the Lady Chatterley trial – "Described on the cover blurb as 'the literary bombshell of the year,' this is a young author's 'literary' first novel, full of complexity and poetic descriptions, the narrative framework being the protagonist's drafting a therapeutic memoir while in a Bournemouth psychiatric clinic after a breakdown." Lykiard published eight further novels – including the autobiographical "Strange Alphabet" (set in the Greece of 1970) and "The Drive North" (depicting the life of a freelance  writer) – before abandoning fiction in favour of his first love, poetry. His last published novel was based on and took its name from the 1982 British drama film "Scrubbers" directed by Mai Zetterling, and was written to coincide with the film's release. Poetry. His numerous collections of poems have been widely praised, and include "Milesian Fables", 1976 ("...an epigrammatic quality – fresh and honest transmissions of experience" – Gavin Ewart; "Very good indeed, entertaining, well-made, and with lovely modulations of mood form grave and tender to the witty and ironic" – Vernon Scannell), "Cat Kin", 1994 ("Contagiously cat-like in all  its dexterous twists" – Ted Hughes); "Living Jazz", 1990 ("Thank you for loving enough and living enough to write Living Jazz" – Maya Angelou) and "Skeleton Keys", 2003, of which Angus Calder wrote: "His argument with the world is brilliantly waged. Readers will learn a lot while they are moved by it." The suite of poems that makes up "Skeleton Keys" explores the troubled era in Greece into which Lykiard was born, reassessing his personal ties with that history – involving family secrets and lies, public and private betrayal and heroism – "to underline how truth and lies are relative at last". Lykiard's  40-year collection, "Selected Poems 1956–96", received appreciative critical accolades, with Dominic Behan calling Lykiard "The heir to my friend Louis Macneice", while Kevin Bailey wrote: "Alexis Lykiard is the true lineal heir to Lord Rochester and Dean Swift. He is an unsettling poet to read... Forty years devotion to one craft – that of Writer. And his earthly reward from this philistine and anti-intellectual English society? An obscurity and relative poverty that is the inverse of his talent and contribution he has made to British literary culture... The voice of quality and reason in an age of kitsch... This  book is certainly a must buy." His recent poetry publications have focused on the haiku, and Andy Croft reviewing 2017's "Haiku High and Low", which he described as "a new batch of satirical epigrams", said: "Alexis Lykiard as always gives the traditional Japanese lyrical form a witty and satisfying punch." Non-fiction. Lykiard has in addition written non-fiction, including two books that draw on his friendship with Jean Rhys (Lykiard is a long-time resident of Exeter, Devon, and would visit Rhys in the nearby village of Cheriton Fitzpaine, where she lived for the last two decades of  her life): "Jean Rhys Revisited" (2000) and "Jean Rhys: Afterwords" (2006). Reviewing the former, Iain Sinclair characterised it as "A haunted meditation...A proper tribute to the unjustly reforgotten, as well as an heroic version of the writer's life, the slanted autobiography", while Chris Petit wrote in "The Guardian": As translator. Lykiard is a respected translator from French of avant-garde classics, including the complete works of Lautréamont, and novels by Alfred Jarry and Apollinaire (complete and unexpurgated versions of the erotic novellas "Les Onze Mille Verges" and "Les Memoires D'Un Jeune Don Juan" for the first time in  English), alongside Surrealist prose and poetry, Louis Aragon, Jacques Prévert and Pierre Mac Orlan (the first unexpurgated translation of "Masochists in America"). Lykiard's translation of "Les Chants de Maldoror" by Isidore Ducasse, originally published in 1970 by Allison and Busby, was the first complete annotated English edition of the work, and provided "a close reading of the original text that is stylistically accomplished (as might be expected of a professional translator who made some mark as a novelist in his own right in the 1960s and 1970s)." Exact Change published "Maldoror & the Complete Works" of the Comte de Lautréamont  in 1994, when the "Washington Post Book World" said: "Alexis Lykiard's translation is both subtle and earthy... this is the best translation now available." Containing "a translation not only of all Ducasse's major texts but also of some more marginal pieces, and a thorough critical apparatus", it remains the only one-volume annotated edition.