Toyota RV8 engine
The Toyota RV8 engine family is a series of 2.65-liter, 3.0-liter and 3.4-liter, turbocharged and naturally-aspirated, V8 racing engine, designed, developed and produced by Toyota Racing Development, and used in the IRL IndyCar Series, CART series, Formula Nippon, Super GT, and Le Mans Prototype sports car racing, from 1996 to 2015. The naturally-aspirated engine, formerly used in Formula Nippon and Super GT, is itself derived from the Toyota Indy V8 Indy car racing V8 engine. TS030 Hybrid engine. The TS030 uses a naturally aspirated gasoline V8 power unit, mounted at a 90 -degree cylinder bank angle, and produces . Toyota engineers elected to base the engine on their Super GT project instead of constructing a new one. The six-speed sequential gearbox unit was transverse-mounted to the engine and the brakes were constructed from carbon materials. The TS030 Hybrid featured a Kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) regenerative braking device produced by Toyota Racing Development (the Le Mans organisers, Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO), use the alternate name ERS) to charge a super capacitor. The extra power is directed to the rear wheels, giving an automatic horsepower increase of . Its motor generator unit  acts as a generator under braking; this allows it to harvest direct energy from the drive shaft which slows the car and converts energy into electricity that is stored in the super capacitor, which was supplied by Nisshinbo and mounted in the car's passenger compartment. The result allows for faster lap times when the driver exits track turns and saves fuel by reducing engine usage leaving a corner. Toyota chose Aisin AW to build the front electric motor while Denso were selected to build the rear power unit. TS040 Hybrid engine. The TS040 Hybrid also uses mid-mounted, naturally -aspirated petrol V8 engine, angled at 90 degrees, was carried over from the TS030 Hybrid. Its displacement, increased from to by lengthening the stroke for better efficiency, supplied to the rear wheels. The engine was developed to run with a fuel flow metre promoting a concept switch to efficiency from power. The bosses-mounted injection system were in the inlet tract and placed over the angled throttle valves relative to the inlet path. They were fitted with eight solenoid injectors which sent power each of the throttle runners and into the inlet portlets. Toyota installed two systems featuring knock control  to detect vibration and real-time combustion pressure sensors to tune the spark timing among other engine components during a race for reliability purposes.