Dermanura rava
Dermanura rava is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Central and South America. Taxonomy. "Dermanura rava" was described as a new species in 1902 by American zoologist Gerrit Smith Miller. The holotype had been collected in San Javier of northern Ecuador by "G. Fleming", often given by others as Flemming. Georg Flemming was a collector of biological specimens for William Frederick Henry Rosenberg, along with Rudolf Miketta. "Dermanura" species have frequently been included in the genus "Artibeus", so "D. rava" has also been known as "Artibeus ravus". Additionally, it was listed as a synonym of the  pygmy fruit-eating bat ("Dermanura phaeotis") in 1978 and 1982 publications. However, subsequent molecular analysis showed that "D. rava" was genetically distinct from the pygmy fruit-eating bat. Its sister taxon is Andersen's fruit-eating bat ("Dermanura anderseni"). Description. Its fur is yellowish brown, and its face has four indistinct, whitish stripes. Its ears and flight membranes are light brown, with the margins of the flight membranes whitish. Based on the holotype, it has a forearm length of approximately . Range and habitat. "D. rava" is found in the following countries: Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It has been documented  at a range of elevations from above sea level. Conservation. As of 2019, it is evaluated as a least-concern species by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this designation because of its wide geographic range, which includes large tracts of intact forest. It is considered relatively abundant, and no major threats to it or its habitat have been identified.