Le Doulos
Le Doulos () is a 1962 French crime film written and directed by Jean-Pierre Melville, adapted from the novel of the same name by Pierre Lesou. It was released theatrically as The Finger Man in the English-speaking world, but all video and DVD releases have used the French title. Intertitles at the beginning of the film explain that its title refers both to a kind of hat and to the slang term for a police informant. Plot. Maurice Faugel, just released from prison after serving a six-year sentence, meets a friend, Gilbert, who is appraising the  value of jewels from a recent heist. Maurice is planning a robbery the next day with two accomplices, Silien and Rémy. Maurice kills Gilbert with Gilbert's own gun and steals the jewels as well as a large sum of money. It is later revealed that Gilbert killed Maurice's girlfriend Arlette to keep her from acting as an informant to the police when Maurice was sent to prison six years prior. Maurice leaves the house just as Nuttheccio and Armand, prominent gangsters, arrive to collect the loot. Maurice buries the jewels, money, and gun next to a lamppost. Maurice  spends the evening at his girlfriend Thérèse's apartment. Silien arrives the next day with Maurice's friend Jean to deliver equipment for the robbery that evening. When Silien leaves, he uses a payphone to call Inspector Salignari. That evening, Maurice and Rémy leave to rob a home in affluent Neuilly. Meanwhile, Silien comes to Thérèse's apartment, then beats her and ties her to a wall radiator, demanding to know the address of the robbery. The police arrive at the robbery. Inspector Salignari corners Maurice and Rémy, fatally shooting Rémy. Maurice and Salignari shoot it out; Maurice is hit  in the shoulder, but Salignari is killed. Maurice leaves the gun next to Rémy's hand and runs away. He passes out just before a car pulls up. Maurice wakes up in Jean's apartment, but neither Maurice nor Jean's wife Anita know who brought him there. Maurice resolves to find Silien, who he believes informed the police about the time and place of the robbery. He leaves Anita with a diagram showing where he buried the jewels, money, and gun, telling her to give it to Jean if something happens to him. Because the police believe that Silien  called Salignari, they assume he has information on the botched robbery. They question him, hoping to get the name of Rémy's accomplice, but Silien tells them he wasn't the informant. He mentions that he hopes to get out of the criminal underworld and live in a house he has built in Ponthierry. It is revealed that the car that rescued Maurice has been found wrecked, with Thérèse's body inside. The police also suspect that Maurice killed Gilbert. They threaten to falsely implicate Silien in a drug case unless he helps them find Maurice. Silien complies and Maurice  is found. Maurice claims that Gilbert was killed while Maurice was in another room of the house. The police offer to let him go if he has information on the robbery in Neuilly, but Maurice claims he has no information. He is jailed, where he meets a prisoner named Kern. Silien finds the buried jewels, money, and gun beneath the lamppost. He visits Nuttheccio's club and speaks to Fabienne, a former girlfriend. He offers to get her out of her relationship with Nuttheccio if she will testify that Nuttheccio and Armand killed Gilbert. She eventually agrees. Silien kills Nuttheccio  and plants the jewels in his safe, while Fabienne calls Armand to tell him Nuttheccio has found the stolen jewels and wants to see him. When Armand arrives, Silien kills him too, staging the scene to make it look like they killed one another. With Nuttheccio and Armand dead and framed for Gilbert's murder, Maurice is released from prison. He still believes that Silien informed on him, but Jean and Silien tell him that Silien was not the informant and had in fact been maneuvering to get Maurice out of prison. Though Silien was a friend of Salignari, he  did not inform him of the robbery. However, he recognised Thérèse as one of Salignari's informants. The night of the robbery, Silien called Salignari to invite him to dinner, and Salignari revealed that he would be arresting two burglars in Neuilly. Silien got the address from Thérèse and went to Neuilly to avert a disaster. He arrived in time to pick up Maurice and take him to Jean's apartment. Silien announces that he will be moving in with Fabienne at his home in Ponthierry, and that he is going there immediately. However, while in prison, Maurice arranged for  his cellmate Kern to kill Silien, promising to give Kern the money he stole from Gilbert in exchange. Maurice rushes to Silien's home to tell Kern that the hit is off. Maurice manages to arrive in Ponthierry before Silien but Kern shoots him, apparently mistaking him for Silien. When Silien arrives, he sees Maurice lying on the carpet. With his dying breath, Maurice warns him that someone is waiting behind the dressing screen. Silien shoots at the screen, killing Kern, but Silien is also fatally shot. Production. "Le Doulos" was shot at rue Jenner studios in Paris between April  and June 1962. The budget according to the CNC files estimated it at 2,113,000 French francs. Release. "Le Doulos" was released in Paris on 8 February 1963. The Censorship Commission classified the film as forbidden to minors below the age of 13 as it was "in view of violent content which may shock children". The classification was removed in 1983 when the film was passed for all audiences. In Paris, the film took in 485,186 admissions and 1,475,391 admissions in France as a whole. This made "Le Doulos" the second highest-grossing film in Melville's directing career at this  point after "Leon Morin, Priest" and his sixth highest grossing in his career. The movie was well received critically as well as commercially. It was the first box office hit in a while for Serge Reggiani. Reception. "Le Doulos" ranks at number 472 in "Empire" magazine's 2008 list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time. The film received strong reviews in France. Claude Beylie wrote in the influential "Cahiers du Cinema" that "Le Doulos" possessed “moral reflection” on truth and lies, and demonstrated an “extraordinary craftsman’s precision, a high love of style.” Melville biographer Ginette Vincendeau noted  of the critical response in France, “References to masterly technique, sobriety, elliptical style and narrative efficiency graced almost every review, summed up by "L’Express" as ‘quasi perfection of "Le Doulos".’” Contemporary American indifference to Melville’s work was typified by a 1964 review in "The New York Times", which called it tiresome, excessively talkative, and cluttered with confusing references to irrelevant events. It considered the movie pseudointellectual and superficial: Legacy. By way of tribute to the tradition of the French "policier" in general, and Melville specifically, in his 2004 film "36 Quai des Orfèvres", Olivier Marchal uses the name Silien  for his police informant. (source 36: Film Notes by Miles Fielder) American filmmaker Quentin Tarantino cited the screenplay for "Le Doulos" as his personal favorite and a large influence on his debut picture "Reservoir Dogs".