Swami
Swami ( ; sometimes abbreviated sw.) in Hinduism is an honorific title given to a male or female ascetic who has chosen the path of renunciation ("sannyāsa"), or has been initiated into a religious monastic order of Vaishnavas. It is used either before or after the subject's name (usually an adopted religious name). The meaning of the Sanskrit root of the word "swami" is "[he who is] one with his self" ( stands for "self"), and can roughly be translated as "he/she who knows and is master of himself/herself". The term is often attributed to someone who has achieved  mastery of a particular yogic system or demonstrated profound devotion ("bhakti") to one or more Hindu gods. The "Oxford English Dictionary" gives the etymology as: As a direct form of address, or as a stand-in for a swami's name, it is often rendered "Swamiji" (also "Swami-ji" or "Swami Ji"). In modern Gaudiya Vaishnavism, "Swami" is also one of the 108 names for a sannyasi given in Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's "Gaudiya Kanthahara", along with "Goswami", also traditionally used as an honorific title. "Swami" is also the surname of the Bairagi caste in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. In  Bengali, the word (pronounced ), while carrying its original meaning, also has the meaning of "husband" in another context. The word also means "husband" in Malay, in which it is spelled , and in Khmer, Assamese and Odiya. The Thai word for "husband", () or (), and the Tagalog word for "spouse", , are cognate words.