Chirodactylus
Chirodactylus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, traditionally regarded as belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, the members of which are commonly known as morwongs. They are native to the Atlantic, Indian and eastern Pacific oceans off southern Africa and South America. Taxonomy. "Chirodactylus" was described as a genus in 1862 by the American ichthyologist Theodore Nicholas Gill with the South American "Cheilodactylus antonii", which had been described by Achille Valenciennes in 1833, as the type species by monotypy. Gill subsequently included two other species in "Chirodactylus", "C. grandis" and "C, variegatus". C. antonii was later shown to  be a synonym of "Cheilodactylus variegatus". Chirodactylus was largely regarded as a synonym of Cheilodactylus until 1980 when the South African ichthyologist Margaret M. Smith resurrected it to include the three southern African species "C. brachydactylus", "C. grandis" and "C. jessicalenorum", as well as "C. variegatus". Genetic and morphological analyses strongly suggest that "Chirodactylus" is a valid genus, that the inclusion of the red moki ("Cheilodactylus spectabilis") does not affect its monophyly and that the genus should be placed in the family Latridae. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World, however, retains the genus within the family Cheiloactylidae. The  name of the genus is a compound of "cheiros" which means "hand" and "dactylus" meaning "finger", a reference to the long, unbranched lower rays of the pectoral fins. Species. There are currently four recognized species in this genus ("sensu" Smith, 1980): Characteristics. "Chirodactylus" morwongs are characterised by having an ovoid, compressed body and a slightly sloped dorsal profile of the head. The continuous dorsal fin increases in height from the front spine to the sixth spine and after that the spines get shorter, there are 17-18 spines and 22-31 soft rays in the dorsal fin, while the anal  fin has 3 spines and 7-10 soft rays. The pectoral fins have 14 rays with the lower 6–7 rays being simple and robust. They have 46-56 scales along the lateral line. There are no bony protuberances on the head. These fishes vary in maximum total length from in the case of "C. brachydactylus" to for "C. grandis". Distribution, habitat and biology. "Chirodactylus" ("sensu" Smith, 1980) morwongs are found in the south eastern Atlantic and southwestern Indian Ocean off southern Africa and the eastern Pacific Ocean off Peru and Chile. They are typically costal fishes of rocky areas where  they feed on benthic invertebrates.