Khatyrka
Khatyrka () is a rural locality (a "selo") in Anadyrsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located on the shore of the Bering Sea southwest of Beringovsky. Population: with an estimated population as of 1 January 2015 of 349. Municipally, it is incorporated as Khatyrka Rural Settlement. History. Khatyrka is one of the oldest settlements in Anadyrsky district, having been founded around 1756. The name of the village and the nearby river was taken from the cape first mapped by the naval officer Sarychyevym, but first visited by the merchants Bakov and Novikov. The Chuckchi call the place Vatyrkan, meaning  dry or exhausted as the area surrounding the village is used for reindeer grazing. There are currently two brigades operating as the Khatyrskoye municipal agricultural unitary enterprise, tending for around 2000 reindeer on the tundra. Within the village, the cultural centre supports the national ensemble "Chukotka Dawns" (). Demographics. The population according to the 2010 census was 377, of which 191 were male and 186 female, which is essentially in line with an April 2003 estimate, which recorded the population at 375, of which around 87% are of indigenous origin. Economy. The main occupations revolve around traditional indigenous economic activities of  fishing and hunting, both on land and sea. There is also a successful reindeer herding enterprise on the pastures surrounding Khatyrka with around four hundred heads. Although this is a traditional enterprise among many Arctic peoples, these formerly nomadic enterprises were grouped together in the Soviet Union to form a collective farm (kolkhoz). Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, almost all government support was removed from the state farms as the market economy took over. However, unlike in villages such as Alkatvaam and Tavayvaam, when the state farm became the Municipal Unitary Enterprise of Rural Agricultural Producers, the herders  were able to continue their livelihood. There is an irony that the traditional economic driver of reindeer herding is succeeding here for the time being when it has either disappeared or been significantly reduced elsewhere given that the name of the village used by the Chukchi is "Vatyrkan" which translates as ""a dry, exhausted land"", despite the pastures surrounding the village. As with many Chukotkan villages, Khatyrka has a traditional Chukchi ensemble and a cultural center. Additionally, the village has a new secondary boarding school, kindergarten, local hospital, recreation center, library, post office, communications center, shop and a bakery. The  main occupation of the inhabitants is livestock. Brigades herd reindeer on pastures in the vicinity of the village above the river. In the village the municipal agricultural enterprise "Khatyrskoye" is based to run the reindeer herding operations. The village is also involved in traditional fishing and hunting of sea mammals, and a fish processing plant operates to service this. In 2011 the company launched a new slaughterhouse complex. Electricity is provided to the village by a local generator. Transport. Khatyrka is not connected to any other inhabited place by any permanent road being situated on the coast at the mouth  of the River Khatyrka. There is however, a number of roads within the village, including: A helicopter service to Anadyr is provided once or twice a month. Administrative vs. municipal jurisdiction. Until July 2008, Khatyrka was a part of both Beringovsky Municipal and Beringnovsky Administrative District. In May 2008, Beringovsky Municipal District was merged into Anadyrsky Municipal District; however, this change did not affect the borders of Beringovsky Administrative District. Khatyrka continued to administratively be a part of the latter until June 2011, when Beringovsky Administrative District was merged into Anadyrsky Administrative District and ceased to exist. Climate. Khatyrka has  a tundra climate (Köppen "ET") because the warmest month has an average temperature between and . All seasons are moderated by the ocean, resulting in much less severe winters than in the interior. This does cause seasonal lag, which delays spring warm-up as well as making August the warmest month.