Turnaround (filmmaking)
Turnaround is a term of art in filmmaking used to describe conflicts encountered between the development phase of filmmaking and the preproduction phase of filmmaking. The conflicts between the two phases often occur when a film project is in development hell and cannot reach the pre-production phase without outside assistance or help. Once such outside assistance is obtained or applied, then the film project is described as having gone through a turnaround. Background. 'Turnaround' is a term of art in filmmaking used to describe conflicts encountered between the development phase of filmmaking and the pre-production  phase of filmmaking. The conflicts between the two phases often occur when a film project is in development hell and cannot reach the pre-production phase without outside help. Such outside help may appear in the form of new money being invested into a project in development hell, or as another outside studio taking interest in a project which the original studio may find difficult to move forward into the pre-production phase. When an outside source takes over a film project from development hell in one studio and transfers the film project to another studio which is willing  to invest further resources to move the project into pre-production, then the project is said to have gone through a 'turnaround'. The film project is now to able to move forward out of development hell in one studio into the pre-production phase of filmmaking at another studio. The term 'turnaround' is borrowed from business operations and management consulting where it is used to describe business ventures which are in some form of insolvency and require a 'business turnaround' or 'management turnaround' in order to become profitable and make a 'turnaround' in business performance. In the case of the  filmmaking process, the transfer of the film project from development hell at one studio, leading to the project receiving a green light at another studio to begin pre-production is referred to as a 'turnaround' for that film. Informal descriptions. A 'turnaround' or 'turnaround deal' is occasionally used to describe an arrangement in the film industry whereby the production costs of a project that one studio has developed are declared a loss on the company's tax return, thereby preventing the studio from exploiting the property any further. The rights can then be sold to another studio in exchange for  the cost of development plus interest. Examples. Michael Cieply defined the term in "The New York Times" as "arrangements under which producers can move a project from one studio to another under certain conditions". Some examples include: