Artyom Bystrov was commissioned by the Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra and premiered by the orchestra during a Covid-19 lockdown in November 2020. As at 2021 she is a senior lecturer in composition at the University of Auckland. Leonie Holmes Leonie Joyce Holmes (born 1962) is a New Zealand composer and lecturer at the University of Auckland with an interest in music education. Early life and education. Holmes was born in Auckland in 1962. She began learning piano at age six and attended Pakuranga College. She studied at the University of Auckland from 1981–1985, graduating with MMus in composition. Her teachers were Douglas Mews	Leonie Holmes
7031257	Herat Campaign of 1862–63 Herat Campaign of 1862–63 The Herat Campaign of 1862–63 was a conflict between and the Emirate of Afghanistan, from March 1862, when Sultan Jan captured Farah from the Muhammadzai Emirs and continued through the 10-month long siege of Herat, ending on May 27, 1863, when the city fell to the Amir-i Kabir, thus completing the unification of Afghanistan. Background and Causes of the War. Herat. Herat had been an independent state since 1818, after the Sadozais were expelled from Kabul and Kandahar by the Barakzais. It had been a bone of contention between the Barakzais and Qajars for 	Herat Campaign of 1862–63
7031258	quite some time. Iran made dozens of attempts to conquer Herat (1807, 1811, 1814, 1817, 1818, 1821, 1833, 1837). Eventually in early 1842, Kamran Shah, the last reigning Sadozai ruler of Herat, was deposed and brutally murdered by his vizier, Yar Mohammad Khan Alakozai. He expanded the country towards the Chahar Wilayat, subdued the Aimaq tribes, and conquered Sistan. In 1851, Yar Mohammad Khan died after coming back from a campaign against Lash-Juwain. Twelve days after his demise, Yar Mohammad Khan's incompetent and weak son, Sa'id Mohammad Khan was put on the throne. Sa'id Mohammad Khan was very 	Herat Campaign of 1862–63
7031259	unpopular among the people of Herat. He had to rely more and more on Iranian aid just to stay in power. The Qandahar Sardars took advantage of this to attack Herat in 1852. Emirate of Afghanistan. After the end of the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1842, Dost Mohammad Khan was now in a position to expand his state dramatically. This was in part due to the improving relationship between Dost Mohammad Khan and the British. During his exile in Calcutta, he was treated warmly. He took note of the technological superiority of the British and was convinced that constant 	Herat Campaign of 1862–63
7031260	wars with them would damage Afghanistan. Instead, Dost Mohammad would advocate for an alliance with the British as the only way to ensure the survival of the state. With the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars eliminating any threat that the volatile Sikh Empire would have had on Afghanistan, Dost Mohammad Khan was now able to freely expand his kingdom with the help of the British, realizing that he and British had common Central Asian goals. In 1843, Dost Mohammad Khan subdued the Hazarajat (Behsud, Dai Zangi, Dai Kundi) and Bamian, which had seized the power vacuum during the British 	Herat Campaign of 1862–63
7031261	invasion to become independent. In 1846, a rebellion by the Kohistani Tajiks of Tagab was suppressed and Dost Mohammad was able to consolidate his position on that traditionally rebellious area. In July 1848, he intended to send a force to conquer Balkh but the Second Anglo-Sikh War prevented this and occupied Dost Mohammad for another year. The Sikhs proposed to cede Peshawar to the Afghans (although it never became a reality) and as a result, Mohammad sent 5,000 Afghans under Mohammad Akram Khan to aid the Sikhs in the war. When the Sikhs were defeated and the British retook 	Herat Campaign of 1862–63
7031262	Peshawar, it was feared in Kabul that the British would follow up their victory by invading Afghanistan. However, this never happened and Dost Mohammad therefore invaded Balkh in the Spring of 1849. British Involvement. Dost Mohammad Khan was confident that the British would not intervene to save Herat. Course of the War. Herati Conquest of Farah. On March 11, 1862, Herati forces conquered the city of Farah in a battle where around 100 men on both sides were killed. This was Sultan Ahmad Khan's biggest blunder, as it allowed Dost Mohammad Khan to have a cassus belli for an 	Herat Campaign of 1862–63
7031263	invasion of Herat. He believed that the Iranians backed Sultan Ahmad Khan's conquest of Farah, when in reality they never sanctioned such a move. Invasion of Dost Mohammad Khan. On July 6, Dost Mohammad Khan's forces captured Farah. On July 19, Sabzawar was captured. Herat Campaign of 1862–63 The Herat Campaign of 1862–63 was a conflict between and the Emirate of Afghanistan, from March 1862, when Sultan Jan captured Farah from the Muhammadzai Emirs and continued through the 10-month long siege of Herat, ending on May 27, 1863, when the city fell to the Amir-i Kabir	Herat Campaign of 1862–63
7031264	1970 Newark mayoral election 1970 Newark mayoral election The 1970 Newark mayoral election was held on June 16, 1970. Incumbent mayor Hugh Addonizio ran for a third term in office but was defeated by civil engineer Kenneth A. Gibson. Gibson became the first black man elected mayor of a major city in the Northeastern United States or Eastern Seaboard. and remained in office until 1986. Gibson finished first in a primary election on May 12 but did not receive a majority of the vote. He defeated Addonizio in the run-off with 55.88% of the vote and record turnout. Background. Race. By 1970, Newark 	1970 Newark mayoral election
7031265	was one of the United States' first majority-black cities. However, city government, the police department, and political representation at the state and federal level were still overwhelmingly white, possibly due in part to the black population skewing below the voting age. 1967 riots. In the summer of 1967, Newark was the site of race riots, one of 159 throughout the country that summer. Beginning with the arrest, beating, and jailing of a black taxicab driver by two white police officers, the city descended into violent chaos for six days. From July 12 to 17, violence in the city left 	1970 Newark mayoral election
7031266	a total of 16 civilian bystanders, 8 criminal suspects, a police officer, and a firefighter dead; 353 civilians, 214 suspects, 67 police officers, 55 firefighters, and 38 military personnel injured; and 689 civilians and 811 suspects arrested. Property damage is estimated to have exceeded $10 million. Addonizio corruption investigation. In December 1969, stemming from federal investigations into the cause and handling of the riots, Mayor Addonizio and nine current or former municipal officials were indicted by a federal grand jury on charges of extortion and tax evasion. Five other persons were also indicted, including reputed mafioso Anthony Boiardo. Aftermath	1970 Newark mayoral election
7031267	. Addonizio. Addonizio was convicted of conspiracy and 63 counts of extortion in July and sentenced to ten years in federal prison in September. Caufield. John Caufield was elected to the New Jersey Senate as a Democrat in 1978 and served until his death in 1986. Gibson. Gibson went on to serve four terms as mayor until he was defeated for re-election by Sharpe James in 1986. While mayor, he ran twice for Governor of New Jersey in 1981 and 1985, but failed to win the Democratic nomination. He returned to politics in 1998, when he narrowly lost a race 	1970 Newark mayoral election
7031268	for Essex County Executive to Republican James Treffinger. In 2002, he pleaded guilty to tax evasion. Imperiale. Imperiale represented the East Ward as an independent member of the state legislature from 1972 to 1978. He opposed Gibson in the 1974 mayoral election. He served one more term in the Assembly as a Republican from 1980 to 1982 but left office to run for Governor in the 1981 election. He finished sixth in the Republican primary. 1970 Newark mayoral election The 1970 Newark mayoral election was held on June 16, 1970. Incumbent mayor Hugh Addonizio ran for a third term in 	1970 Newark mayoral election
7031269	Lennard Hartjes Lennard Hartjes Lennard Hartjes (born 7 April 2003) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Eredivisie club Feyenoord. Career. Hartjes is a youth product of Spijkenisse and Sparta Rotterdam, and joined the youth academy of Feyenoord in 2015. He signed his first professional contract with the club on 18 July 2020. He made his professional debut for Feyenoord in a 3–0 UEFA Europa Conference League win over FC Luzern on 12 August 2021. Lennard Hartjes Lennard Hartjes (born 7 April 2003) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Eredivisie club 	Lennard Hartjes
7031270	Artyom Bystrov Artyom Bystrov Artyom Nikolaevich Bystrov (; born March 19, 1985) is a Russian actor. He appeared in 40 films. Winner of the Leopard for Best Actor on Locarno Festival (2014). Biography. Bystrov was born in Gorky, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). He studied at the Nizhny Novgorod Theater School", after which he moved to Moscow, where he entered the "Moscow Art Theatre School", and after graduation he was accepted into the troupe of the "Moscow Art Theater named after A.P. Chekhov". Artyom Bystrov Artyom Nikolaevich Bystrov (; born March 19, 1985) is a Russian actor. He appeared in 40