Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies
The Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH) was established in 2010 by SAP co-founder Klaus Tschira through his foundation, the “Klaus Tschira Stiftung”, as a private, non-profit research institute. HITS conducts basic research involving the processing structuring and analysis of large amounts of data in the natural sciences, mathematics and computer science. The research topics range from molecular biology to astrophysics. Shareholders of HITS are the “HITS-Stiftung”, Heidelberg University and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). HITS cooperates with universities and research institutes, as well as with industrial partners. The prime  external funding sources are the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the German Research Foundation and the European Union. Research groups. At the moment, HITS comprises following research groups: The Astroinformatics group develops new approaches to analyze and process the increasing amount of data in astronomy. The approaches of this group are based on machine/statistical learning and assist the researchers in performing the required analyses. The Computational Carbon Chemistry group uses state-of-the-art computational chemistry to explore and exploit organic materials, focusing on graphene-based materials, because of their many advantages over conventional inorganic counterparts. The group  develops computer-based tools and concepts for designing and screening new graphene-based materials and devices with target applications in metal-free catalysis and molecular electronics. The Computational Molecular Evolution group develops methods, new software, and new computer architectures for computing phylogenies (evolutionary trees). Furthermore, it provides expertise in parallel computing and computer architecture to other research groups. It also maintains and operates the scientific computing cluster and the IT infrastructure at HITS. The Computational Statistics group works on mathematical foundations and statistical methodology for forecasting. The aim is to develop methods for probabilistic forecasts, to generate predictive probability distributions  for future events and quantities. For example, probabilistic forecasts are used in weather prediction and economics. The group's second research focus is on spatial statistics, which is concerned with the analysis and interpretation of spatially distributed data. The Data Mining and Uncertainty Quantification group makes use of state-of-the-art technology from the fields of High Performance Computing and Uncertainty Quantification in order to quantify uncertainties in large data sets towards reliable insights in Data Mining. The Groups and Geometry group investigates various mathematical problems in the fields of geometry and topology, which involve the interplay between geometric  spaces, such as Riemannian manifolds or metric spaces, and groups, arising for example from symmetries, acting on them. The Molecular Biomechanics group develops simulation techniques and continuum mechanics models for identifying the force-bearing structural elements in complex biological materials and for modifying them so that they have certain desired properties. The overall goal is to investigate how proteins respond to mechanical forces and why. The Molecular and Cellular Modeling group detects and simulates the behavior of molecules with computer-aided methods and software tools. Furthermore, they develop interactive web-based visualization tools and applications for complex molecular simulations. The  Natural Language Processing group focuses on the semantics and pragmatics of discourse. The group develops software facilitating the multimodal dialogue between users and machines. The aim is to use the computer for understanding and generating language and texts and to make use of computers more naturally in the long term. The Physics of Stellar Objects group is conducting research on stars and stellar explosions. One of the main goals of the group is to simulate thermonuclear explosions of white dwarfs, which lead to Type Ia supernovae. The Scientific Databases and Visualization group focuses on scientific databases and on the visualization  of scientific data. The objective is to consolidate knowledge scattered all over the world and to make it easily accessible to scientists. The Stellar Evolution Theory group investigates the turbulent and explosive lives of massive stars. The group focuses on massive binary stars and the intricate merging process. Mergers produce strong magnetic fields, and the merger products may forge highly-magnetised neutron stars in their terminal supernova explosions — these magnetic neutron stars, known as magnetars, are the strongest magnets in the Universe. The Theory and Observations of Stars group investigates the physical processes that take place in stars and how  these change as a function of stellar evolution. The group focuses on low-mass main-sequence stars, subgiants, and red giants and uses a method known as asteroseismology for their research. Former research groups. Following research groups have been conducting research at HITS: The CBI research group started in 2013 at HITS under the junior group leader Siegfried Schloissnig. The group investigated the genome of salamanders and flatworms. After almost five years of intensive research, Schloissnig and his team – together with colleagues from Dresden and Vienna – managed to decipher the genome of the Mexican salamander Axolotl and the flatworm Schmidtea  mediterranea. Both animals are important organisms in regeneration research. The research results have been published in the scientific journal “Nature”. Since beginning of 2018 Siegfried Schloissnig continues his research at the Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna. The HAC research group started 2016 at HITS. The group leader Christoph Pfrommer worked at HITS since 2010, did his habilitation there and earned an ERC Consolidator Grant that enabled him to build up his own junior research group at HITS. As of April 1, 2017, Pfrommer is leading the research group Cosmology and Large-scale Structure at the Leibniz Institute for  Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) and professor for astrophysics at the University of Potsdam. His group stayed at HITS until summer 2017 and then also moved to Potsdam. The TAP group started in March 2013 at HITS under the group leader Volker Springel. Springel designed and implemented the largest and most comprehensive computer simulations of the Universe thus far: the Millennium Simulation 2005, the “Illustris” Simulation 2014, and the “Illustris TNG” Simulation 2018. He served as leader of the research group “Theoretical Astrophysics” at HITS from March 2010 while simultaneously working as Professor of Theoretical Astrophysics at Heidelberg University. At HITS, among  many other things, Springel refined the “Arepo” code that he had developed, thereby making it possible to simulate the diverse shapes and sizes of galaxies with supercomputers. To date, the code has been used or cited in more than 750 publications. Springel received an ERC Starting Grant in 2012 and has been a “Highly Cited Researcher” since 2014. He became a member of the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 2017. As of 1 August 2018, he assumes his new position as Director of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching. Springel had already been appointed Max Planck Director  last year but continued to work at HITS and Heidelberg University until the end of July 2018.