Oklahoma Highway Patrol
The Oklahoma Highway Patrol (OHP) is a major state law enforcement agency of the government of Oklahoma. A division of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety, the OHP has traffic enforcement jurisdiction throughout the state. OHP was legislatively created on July 1, 1937, due to the growing problem of motor vehicle collisions, the expansion of highway systems, and the increase in criminal activities. As the principal statewide law enforcement agency in Oklahoma, the Oklahoma Highway Patrol is dedicated to providing quality policing, directed primarily at achieving safer roadways and reducing crime through pro-active investigations, education and  patrol services, and by providing leadership and resources during natural disasters, civil disorders and critical incidents. OHP has patrol jurisdiction over all state highways and waterways in Oklahoma, regulating motor vehicles, regulating explosive devices, and providing protection for the Governor of Oklahoma, the Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma and members of the Oklahoma Legislature. The Oklahoma Highway Patrol is under the command of Colonel Brent Sugg, who is the current Chief of Patrol. Daniel Cope was appointed by DPS Commissioner John Scully to succeed Usher as chief. History. Operational history. In 1937, the Oklahoma Highway Patrol was created under Governor E.  W. Marland. That same year the first 125 graduated from the Highway Patrol Academy. The new state troopers met resistance from Oklahoma motorists who were not used to living within the bounds of traffic regulations when none had ever before existed. But the troopers were prepared for this as they paved the way for all future officers by exerting good manners and service to all citizens. A total of 288,277 warnings compared with only 5,518 arrests and citations were written in the first nine months of patrol. With over 800 troopers statewide, the division has grown into several areas of  special services including Public Information, Capitol Patrol, Marine Enforcement, Training, Bomb Squad, Motorcycle, Tactical Teams, Special Operations, Aircraft, Audits and Fraudulent Driver License. The department revived "The Flying Squadron", a motorcycle division. A bomb squad was organized who operate state-of-the-art equipment unparalleled in Oklahoma including two bomb trucks and robots. The east and west tactical teams continue to send their troopers through specialized training programs that elevate them to the best in the state. Special Operations, formerly Criminal Interdiction, now has troopers who each have a well-trained drug canine. OHP automobiles are among the most traditional  in their paint scheme. They are black and white, with a distinctive angular patch of white just behind the passenger compartment, The identification 'Oklahoma Highway Patrol' is contained in an outline of the state in black on the side doors. This has been the uniform scheme since the first unit of 1937. For several decades, the angular patch of white on the rear fenders has been a reflective applique for improved visibility at night. Today the Oklahoma Highway Patrol's role as the state's primary state police force, puts the patrol at the "spear tip" of Oklahoma law enforcement , serving as the state's only state police agency, with a permanent uniformed presence in all of Oklahoma's 77 counties. The Oklahoma Highway Patrol is well adapted to the demands of 21st Century law enforcement and is the only state agency with the reach, strategic flex, and mission design to proactively prevent crime, to provide specialized resources to local partners, and to prevent traffic related deaths through uniformed police enforcement duties. The mission of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol is this: Working to provide a safe, secure environment for the public through courteous, quality and professional services. Troopers are issued  the SIG-Sauer P320, however can carry an approved personal weapon which includes the Glock 17 and the SIG Sauer P226. Chiefs of the Patrol. The following are the previous chiefs of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol: Responsibilities. The commissioner of public safety, chief of the highway patrol, and each state trooper are peace officers of the state. Troopers have the powers and authority vested in all other state peace officers, including the power of search and seizure (except the serving of civil process), the power to investigate and prevent crime, and the general power to enforce the criminal laws of  state. Troopers may arrest any person found by them to be violating any law of the state. In addition to their general police powers, the legislature has directed that state troopers have the following specific powers and duties: Organization. The Oklahoma Highway Patrol, a division of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety (DPS), is under the command and direction of the chief of the patrol. The Chief is appointed by the DPS Commissioner and is responsible for the operations, capabilities and plans of the patrol. The Chief is assisted in managing the patrol with the help of two deputy chiefs . The patrol is divided into troops, or sections, each headed by a captain. Each of these Troops has either limited geographic jurisdiction or Statewide functional jurisdiction with some Troops having law enforcement functions while others have support functions. The thirteen field Troops are the primary the field activities of the patrol and are where the bulk of the patrol's troopers are assigned. These Troops are primarily responsible for the traffic enforcement and vehicle collision investigation along the state's roadways. The Turnpike Troops have the same mission as the Field Troops but have sole jurisdiction over the state's  Turnpike System. The Highway Patrol also has sole jurisdiction over the capitol complex. The Specialized Troops, often called Sections, perform either a specialized law enforcement activity, such as the Marine Enforcement Section, or provide support to the various Field Troops. The various Troops and Sections are organized into eight Zones, seven of these Zones are commanded by an OHP major and the eighth zone consists of the Communications Division which is commanded by a non-commissioned communications Officer holding the rank of major. The two deputy chiefs have line authority over these eight majors. Though an organized unit of the  highway patrol, the Executive Security Section/Troop EX, which provides protection to the governor and lieutenant governor, is not under the operational command of the patrol chief. Instead, the troop answers directly to the DPS Commissioner. The patrol chief is however responsible for the organizing this troop and ensuring its capabilities. All state troopers upon graduation from the Highway Patrol Academy are assigned to one of the thirteen field troops for their initial assignment. Such initial assignment is made at the discretion of the patrol chief and is not appealable. After their initial assignment is complete, troopers may request reassignment  to another field troop to special duty with any of the patrol's specialized units, such as the Marine Enforcement Section or Capital Patrol Section. Field troops. The highway patrol divides Oklahoma geographically into thirteen "Field Troops", each comprising several counties. These Field Troops of the highway patrol have primary law enforcement authority on state, federal, and interstate highways, including those inside city limits. Turnpike troops. The Oklahoma Highway Patrol's Turnpike Section has sole law enforcement responsibility for the turnpikes of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma Turnpike Authority (by annual contract with the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety) provides funds to  pay, equip, and support state troopers assigned to the Highway Patrol Turnpike Section. These state troopers are then assigned to enforcement duties with the Turnpike Authority but at all times remain a part of and under the command of the highway patrol. While patrolling the turnpikes, state troopers have full authority to enforce all traffic and criminal laws of the state. OHP shares jurisdiction for investigating non-traffic criminal acts with the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation. As of fiscal year 2011, the Turnpike Authority's annual contract provided over $12.4 million to the highway patrol in exchange for  the services of 127 state troopers and six administrative support staffers. The Turnpike Section is headed by a patrol major and is assisted by five patrol captains. The patrol major reports to one of the patrol's three deputy chiefs for command purposes. Specialized troops. Specialty troops of the highway patrol perform specialized law enforcement functions within the scope of the mission and operation of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety, and have jurisdiction statewide. Specialized Units. Aviation Section. The Aviation Section is a specialized unit within the highway patrol. The Aviation Section, or Troop O, serves as the law  enforcement air support arm of Patrol. The section provides aircraft to respond to various emergencies and tasks by supporting other law enforcement organizations as well as all units of the patrol. In particular, the section's aircraft provide airborne assistance to OHP ground units in traffic enforcement, manhunts, and search and rescue operations statewide. This section also provides state personnel, such as the Governor, with transportation. Troop O operates one helicopter and Two fixed-wing aircraft. The section consists of 1 Trooper,1 Captain. The section is under the direction of a troop commander, who holds the rank of captain with  the highway patrol. Bomb Squad Section. The Bomb Squad Section is a special law enforcement unit within the highway patrol. Bomb Squad Section, or Troop BT, is responsible for bomb disposal Statewide. The Bomb Squad partners with the Office of the Oklahoma Fire Marshal, the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality, and the Oklahoma Department of Mines to enforce all State laws regulating explosive materials. The squad's troopers are strategically placed across the state to allow for rapid response. The highway patrol maintains Bomb Squad units at Oklahoma City, Tulsa, and Durant. The bomb squad maintains a canine unit to  search for hidden explosive devices as well as bomb response robots to safely disarm active devices. Troopers investigate the illegal construction, storage, and use of explosive devices. The bomb squad recovers pre and post-blast evidence, provides CBRNE detection and emergency decontamination services, and serves as the state partner to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Troop BT is composed of 12 law enforcement personnel. Unlike the field troops of the highway patrol, the Bomb Squad Section has jurisdiction statewide as opposed to a specific geographic area. The troop is under the direction of a troop commander, who  has the rank of captain with the highway patrol. Investigations Division. The Criminal Investigations Division (previously known as "Internal Affairs Section") is a special investigative unit within the highway patrol. The Criminal Investigations Division, or Troop Z, serves as the primary criminal detection and investigation arm of the patrol. Troopers (styled "investigators") assigned to the Troop Z are responsible for investigating trooper-involved shootings and incidents, fugitive apprehensions, identity and driver license fraud, polygraph examinations, speed-trap investigations, threat assessments, auto theft, and all felony crimes which are committed on Oklahoma's Turnpike System. Investigators conduct crime scene investigations, including  interviewing, interrogation, traffic collision reconstruction. The division provides evidence identification, collection, and preservation for the patrol. The division is also responsible for criminal intelligence gathering activities for the patrol. The Investigations Division serves as the professional responsibility unit for the patrol. The division conducts and coordinates the investigations of allegations of serious misconduct on the part of state troopers. Troop Z is composed of 14 law enforcement personnel. Unlike the field troops of the highway patrol, the Investigations Division has jurisdiction statewide as opposed to a specific geographic area. The troop is under the direction of a troop commander, who  has the rank of captain with the highway patrol. Special Operations. The Special Operations Section is a special law enforcement unit with the highway patrol. It is the duty of the Special Operations Section, or Troop SO, responsible for conducting criminal detection and prevention. In particular, the section performs traffic stops to investigate and prevent motor vehicle theft and fraud, as well as other forms of stolen property. The section is also the chief unit in the highway patrol that is responsible for drug interdiction. The Special Operations Section detects and arrests criminals who use the state's roads and  highways to transport drugs and other illegal substances. The highway patrol's drug canine handlers are located within this Section. Additional duties of the section include initiating manhunts and fugitive apprehensions, controlling all evidence seized by the patrol, as well as managing all seized property. Troop SO is composed of 24 law enforcement personnel, with 21 troopers and 3 ranked officers. Unlike the field troops of the highway patrol, the Special Operations Section has jurisdiction statewide as opposed to a specific geographic area. The troop is under the direction of a troop commander, who has the rank of captain with  the highway patrol. The commander is assisted in managing the troop with the aid of two supervisors, who each has the rank of OHP lieutenant. Marine Enforcement Section. The Marine Enforcement Section (formerly known as the Lake Patrol) is a special law enforcement unit within the highway patrol. It is the duty of the Lake Patrol Section, or Troop W, to serve as the boating education, enforcement and marine investigation arm of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. The Lake Patrol was originally created on July 1, 1971, by the Oklahoma Legislature as a separate division of the department, with  the patrol commander reporting directly to the commissioner of the department. However, in 1998, the legislature passed a law reorganizing the department. In so doing, the Lake Patrol was merged with the highway patrol. In 2011, the legislature renamed the Lake Patrol as the Marine Enforcement Section. The Marine Enforcement Section, as the marine law enforcement branch of the highway patrol, provides law enforcement service to 38 state lakes and recreation areas consisting of 4,385 miles of shoreline and 490,215 surface acres of water. In addition to regular water patrol duties, Marine Enforcement troopers investigate boating accidents and drowning incidents . Marine Enforcement Section investigates marine theft and boat registration fraud, administers the state's boating laws, and conducts boater safety and education training to the public. The OHP Dive Team, a unit of the Marine Enforcement Section, serves the state as a recovery of victims, vehicles, and evidence from drownings, vehicle or boating accidents, and the investigation of any criminal act involving the waters of the state. The Dive Team also responds to request for public relations such as displays, festivities, and public education. During natural disasters and emergency situations, the Dive Team assists other state and local authorities with  marine rescue activities. All troopers that join the highway patrol are initially assigned to one of the 13 field troops of the patrol. After their initial assignment, the trooper is eligible to be reassigned to the Marine Enforcement Section. Troop W is composed of 44 law enforcement personnel, with 38 troopers and 6 ranked officers. Unlike the field troops of the highway patrol, has jurisdiction statewide as opposed to a specific geographic area. The troop is under the direction of a troop commander, who has the rank of captain with the highway patrol. The commander is assisted in managing the  troop with the aid of five supervisors, who each has the rank of OHP lieutenant. Each supervisor oversees one of the five districts of the troop. The districts are organized as follows: Capitol Patrol Section. The Capitol Patrol is a special law enforcement unit within the highway patrol. It is the duty of the Capitol Patrol Section, or Troop R, to provide law enforcement and protection services for the State Capitol Complex and all state office buildings within Oklahoma County and Tulsa County. The Capitol Patrol was originally created on July 1, 1971, by the Oklahoma Legislature as a separate  division of the department, with the patrol commander reporting directly to the commissioner of the department. However, in 1998, the legislature passed a law reorganizing the department. In so doing, the Capitol Patrol was merged with the highway patrol. The Capitol Patrol, as the primary uniformed security force of the state, is responsible for policing, securing and ensuring a safe environment in which State employees conduct their business. Troop R has the primary responsibility with protecting the members of the Oklahoma Legislature, the Justices of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, state employees and over 70 state facilities. The personal security of  the Governor and Lieutenant Governor is provided by the Troop ES, the Executive Security Section. All troopers that join the highway patrol are initially assigned to one of the 13 field troops of the patrol. After at least seven years with the patrol, the trooper is eligible to be reassigned to the Capitol Patrol. Troop R is composed of 63 total law enforcement personnel, with 50 troopers and 13 ranked officers. Unlike any other troop of the highway patrol, Troop R has unlimited law enforcement jurisdiction in Oklahoma County and Tulsa County. In the performance of their primary security duty , the Capitol Patrol troopers have the authority to enforce all parking, traffic, and criminal laws of the state. The troop is under the direction of a troop commander, who has the rank of captain with the highway patrol. The commander is assisted in managing the troop with the aid of twelve supervisors, who each has the rank of OHP lieutenant. Training Section. The Training Section is a specialized unit of the highway patrol. Training Section, or Troop T, is responsible for overseeing all entry-level and continuing education of all Patrol personnel. The Training Section is divided into four detachments : Technical Skills, Academy Development, Defensive Tactics, and Legal Research. The Training Section is located at the Department of Public Safety's headquarters at the Robert R. Lester Training Center. The training center houses classrooms, a dormitory, cafeteria facilities, a computer lab, and a physical fitness center. The primary function of the Training Section is to plan, organize, and conduct the Oklahoma Highway Patrol Academy for entry-level Patrol Cadets. Academy sessions, which are held as authorized by the Oklahoma Legislature, are 20 weeks long with Cadets residing at the Academy during the session. Daily activities include physical training and classroom  instruction. The Academy typically graduates between 50 and 60 Cadets each session. The section also coordinates all continued educational; and training requirements for troopers. The Training Section is under the command of a troop commander, who has the rank of captain with the highway patrol. The troop commander also serves as the academy director for the Highway Patrol Academy. Commercial Vehicle Section. The Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Section is a special law enforcement unit within the highway patrol. It is the duty of the Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Section, or Troop S, to enforce all rules and regulation pertaining to the safe  operation of commercial vehicles on the roads and highways of the state. The section was established by the Oklahoma Legislature on May 31, 1949. The Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Section performs roadside inspections of commercial vehicles through the operation of local weigh stations to ensuring not only compliance with size and weight requirements but to detect and deter criminal activity. The section also has the responsibility to enforce the laws of the state regulating the transportation of hazardous substances. Troop S is composed of 67 law enforcement personnel, with 63 troopers and 4 ranked officers. Unlike the field troops of the  highway patrol, has jurisdiction statewide as opposed to a specific geographic area. The troop is under the direction of a troop commander, who has the rank of captain with the highway patrol. The commander is assisted in managing the troop with the aid of three supervisors, who each has the rank of OHP lieutenant. Tactical Team. The Tactical Team serves as the special weapons and tactics unit of the highway patrol. The Tactical Team responds to high-risk events like manhunts, search and rescue operations, high-risk warrants, hostage situations, and any other duties required by the DPS Commissioner or  Chief. Tactical Team troopers are dispersed geographically throughout the state, divided between east and west teams, enabling the team to respond to most situations within a short period of time. Tactical Team troopers are specialized in heavy assault, sniper operations, and emergency medical operations. In the event of a large scale problem that other law enforcement agencies does not have the resources to handle, Tactical Team members can be dispatched to aid the local authorities. The Team's Emergency Medical Service Unit is composed of EMT certified troopers that responds to and assist local emergency medical agencies in the event  they are overwhelmed by either natural or manmade disasters. Executive Security Section. The Executive Security Section is a specialized law enforcement unit of the highway patrol. The section, also known as Troop ES, is responsible for providing the personal security and protection, transportation, and communications capabilities for the Governor of Oklahoma, the Governor's immediate family, and the Lieutenant Governor. The troop is composed of 23 law enforcement personnel, including 19 troopers and 4 ranked officers. The section is commanded by a troop commander with the rank of OHP captain. The commander is assisted by three lieutenants. Seventeen members of  the section are assigned to the governor, and 6 are assigned to the lieutenant governor. Troop ES also has the responsibility for ensuring security and providing for the protection of the Oklahoma Governor's Mansion. State trooper personnel. Rank structure. Current. As provided for by the Oklahoma Legislature, the rank system for all personnel within the Oklahoma Highway Patrol is as follows: Pay structure. Since the increases on January 1, 2015, as provided by Oklahoma state law, members of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol are paid as follows: Requirements. In order to serve as a trooper with the highway patrol, a  person must be a citizen of the United States at least 21 years old but not older than 46 years old and must either have an associate's degree or have completed a minimum of 62 semester hours from a college or university. Additionally, all troopers must be persons of "good moral character", and as such, may not have been convicted of a felony or a crime involving moral turpitude. Pursuant to the provision of House Bill 1391, effective July 1, 2014, the education requirements to join the highway patrol will increase to the following: All applicants to join the  highway patrol must meet the following physical requirements (all events are pass/fail events): Applicants must also undergo a written test consisting of reading comprehension, problem solving, mathematics, writing, and spelling. It also includes an assessment of personality characteristics such as interpersonal ability, assertiveness, stress tolerance, and ethics/integrity. This test must be passed with a minimum score of 70%. Prior to employment, all candidates must undergo a psychological evaluation and must submit to and successfully pass a controlled substance screening. Upon acceptance, the candidate must attend and successfully complete the Highway Patrol Academy conducted by the Oklahoma Department of  Public Safety and must either be a certified peace officer at the time of employment or must become certified within one year by the Oklahoma Council on Law Enforcement Education and Training. Promotions. Trooper grades. All members of the highway patrol are automatically designated as trooper cadets after joining the patrol. Upon graduation from the Highway Patrol Academy, each trooper cadet is automatically promoted to and receives the salary for the position of probationary trooper. Upon completion of the one-year probationary period, each probationary trooper is automatically promoted to and receives the salary of Step 1 for the position  of trooper. After the initial promote to the rank of trooper, Step 1, all salary promotions within the rank of trooper occur on January 1 of each year. For every year that a trooper completes with the highway patrol, the annual salary of the trooper increases to the next step. This in-grade promotion is dependent on the following conditions during the preceding year: Supervisory ranks. All promotions from trooper into the supervisory ranks are based on tests administered by the commissioner of public safety, in consultation with the administrator of the Oklahoma Office of Personnel Management. These tests determine  the physical and mental qualifications and all potential test-takers must satisfactorily complete a course of training in operations and procedures related to the rank desired. In general, the following minimum requirements are needed to obtain the following ranks: Communications. The Communications Division of the highway patrol is a distinct uniformed service of the patrol. The Division's members are responsible for providing emergency communications and dispatch services to the state troopers and the general public statewide. History. The DPS communication services was established in Stillwater, Oklahoma, in 1939 by the department to provide one-way communications for the department . By 1940, the highway patrol installed two-way transmitters in all of its patrol units and field headquarters across the state, staffed by civilian dispatchers. With an increase in communication needs, DPS established the communications division of the OHP in 1954 and transfer all dispatchers to this central division. At this time, the civilian dispatchers began members of their own distinct uniformed service of OHP, though local troop commanders retained authority over then. In 1975, OHP created the position of Communications Director, who functioned as the Division's head, to assume authority over all OHP communication services. The Communications Director  reports to an assigned patrol major. The communications division now employs over 100 members and staffs thirteen communication centers statewide, one located in each field troop headquarters. Each center has its own supervisor independent of the local troop commander. These supervisors report to the communications supervisor, who in turn reports directly to the state-level communications director. Communications rank structure. As an independent uniformed service of the patrol, the Communications Division member wear their own distinct uniform and bear their own internal rank structure. As provided for by the Oklahoma Legislature, the ranks within the Communications Division are as follows : Requirements. The Oklahoma Legislature and the Oklahoma Office of Personnel Management (OPM) have enacted minimum requirements for those desiring to serve as a uniformed member of the Communications Division. As provided for by OPM directives, basic requirements are: If selected for employment, the individual communications officer is placed on a mandatory twelve-month probationary status. During such time, the officer is subject to termination at will and may not appeal any termination to the Oklahoma Merit Protection Commission. Communications officers attend two one-week classroom sessions during probation. The first session consists of an orientation program, and the second week  provides necessary training to be certified to handle sensitive information and to operate computer equipment and technical software. Upon successful completion of the probationary period, communication officers are required to attend annual training. During this training, instruction is provided to the communications officers in new laws, changes to existing laws, new policies of the department and the Communications Division. All members of the division, excluding the director and coordinators, must reside within fifty miles of their assigned communications center. Promotions within the Communications Division are made only from within the division. In general, OPM provides the following minimum promotion requirements