Karol Irzykowski
Karol Irzykowski (23 January 1873 – 2 November 1944) was a Polish writer, literary critic, film theoretician, and chess player. Between 1933–1939 in the Second Polish Republic he was a member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature founded by the decree of the Council of Ministers. Life. Irzykowski was born in Błaszkowa, near Pilzno. He came from an aristocratic land-owning family that had fallen on hard times. From 1889 to 1893, he studied Germanistics in Lwów (Lemberg). From 1894 to 1895, he worked occasionally as a teacher, but his outspokenness prevented him from obtaining further work in  that line. From 1895, he lived in Lwów and worked as a parliamentary and court stenographer. In 1903, he published one of the most original novels of that time, "Pałuba". In this highly complex and avantgarde work, he anticipated many innovations made by modern European experimentalists such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner or André Gide. The novel has never been translated, and in Poland, it was only truly appreciated in the second half of the 20th century. (Parts of this novel were translated into German language after World War II). In 1908 he moved to Kraków, where he  held a position as a stenographer and correspondent in the official correspondence office. Irzykowski played in chess tournaments at Lemberg and Kraków, winning against Kohn, von Popiel, Chajes and Ameisen, and drawing against Flamberg. After World War I he moved to Warsaw, where he headed the "Sejm" (parliament) stenographic office. Irzykowski was coworker "Skamander", the "Wiadomości Literackie" and in the years 1921 to 1933 of the "Robotnik". He raised his voice in many discussions on literature. He provided a theatre column on Polish radio and in the "Rocznik Literacki", and was a member of the Polish Literary Academy. At the  same time he gave stenography instruction (also in German) to meet living costs. During the German occupation of Poland, he was working on a novel "Wyspa" ("Island") and was taking part in the cultural life of the underground. His nearly entire manuscript was lost in the Warsaw Uprising where Irzykowski was wounded and soon died after release from Żyrardów camp. Works. English translations :