Issue 1, 2012 Journal for Juridical Science - Volume 37,
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Mortgage bonds and the right of access to adequate housing in South Africa : Gundwana v Stoke Development & Others 2011 (3) SA 608 (CC)
Journal for Juridical Science 37, pp 1 –21 (2012)
This article offers a critique of Gundwana v Stoke Development & Others 2011 (3) SA 608 (CC), a case in which the Constitutional Court of South Africa found it to be unconstitutional for the registrar of a high court to declare immovable properties specially executable when ordering a default judgement, to the extent that such an order "permitted the sale and execution of a home of a person". The Court interpreted the property clause in section 25, access to right to housing in section 26 of the Constitution, as mandating "further judicial oversight" in all cases where execution is levied against residential property. The article raises some of the shortcomings of this interpretive scheme and suggests that constitutional values, when used to curtail or enlarge obligations of parties to a mortgage bond, must take into account the general rights and duties which the parties assumed at the signing of the agreement; the circumstances of each of the parties at the time of execution and ascertained through a careful evaluation based on a clearly articulated set of principles, and the nature of constitutional rights themselves. The article argues that, whereas there may be circumstances in which a debtor may need protection, rather than impose a blanket abrogation of procedures allowing for expedient disposal of uncontested claims, the court should instead have considered the establishment of further procedural safeguards.
Verbande en die reg op toegang tot geskikte behuising in Suid-Afrika : Gundwana v Stoke Development & Others 2011 (3) SA 608 (CC)
Hierdie artikel kritiseer Gundwana v Stoke Development & Others 2011 (3) SA 608 (CC), &apos;n saak waarin die Konstitusionele Hof van Suid-Afrika bevind het dat dit ongrondwetlik is vir die griffier van &apos;n hoë hof om die roerende eiendom spesiaal uitvoerbaar te verklaar wanneer &apos;n verstekbevel gemaak word, in die mate waartoe so &apos;n bevel toelaat dat die huis van &apos;n persoon in eksekusie verkoop kan word. Die Hof het die eiendomsklousule in artikel 25, en die reg op toegang tot geskikte behuising in artikel 26, van die Grondwet interpreteer om verdere geregtelike oorsig te vereis in alle gevalle waar die eksekusie verkope van residensiële eiendom ter sprake is. Hierdie artikel spreek sommige van die tekortkominge van bogenoemde interpretasieskema aan en stel voor dat wanneer grondwetlike waardes gebruik word om die verpligtinge van partye tot &apos;n verband in te kort of uit te brei, die algemene regte en verpligtinge wat die partye aangeneem het toe hulle die ooreenkoms aangegaan het, die omstandighede van die partye ten tye van die eksekusie soos bepaal deur &apos;n sorgvuldige evaluasie van duidelik geformuleerde beginsels, en die aard van die grondwetlike regte self in rekening gehou moet word. Die artikel voer verder aan dat terwyl daar omstandighede mag wees waar &apos;n skuldenaar meer beskerming moet geniet, eerder as om &apos;n algemene afskaffing van prosedures wat die spoedige afhandeling van onbetwiste eise moontlik maak voor te skryf, die hof dit moes oorweeg het om verdere prosedurele beskermings in plek te stel.
Conceptualising the sexually explicit as free expression : the distinct legal and political challenges presented to a liberal feminist critique in a South African constitutional context
L. Van der Poll
Journal for Juridical Science 37, pp 22 –55 (2012)
This article explores critically whether the liberal feminist understanding of women&apos;s situation under conditions of patriarchy (in its critique of liberal philosophy) has the potential to uncover the complex nature of the (legal) harm inherent to gender-specific sexually explicit material. By virtue of the fact that liberal feminism has emerged from classical liberal theory, this school of feminism appears to struggle in balancing the interests of a free, equal and democratic society with the pressing interests of women to live in a society which is free from both direct and indirect gender-specific violence. Liberal feminism&apos;s often uncritical acceptance of classical liberal principles would appear to render it virtually incapable of appreciating (female) sexuality as a social construct. And as a consequence, sexually explicit speech is not per se deemed sexist or harmful to women, because mere images are not understood to have the capacity to cause harm. Accordingly, to justify legal intervention, harm must either be imminent and directed against women specifically, or must constitute the advocacy of hatred that constitutes incitement to cause harm. Seen in this context, this article seeks to determine whether liberal feminism could conceptualise sexually explicit material as a violent mode of expression within a South African constitutional context.
Konseptualisering van die seksueel eksplisiete as vrye uitdrukking : die bepaalde regs- en politiese uitdagings wat aan &apos;n liberaal feministiese kritiek gestel word binne &apos;n Suid-Afrikaanse grondwetlike konteks
Hierdie artikel ondersoek krities of die liberale feministiese begrip van vroue se situasie onder die patriargie (as kritiek op die liberale filosofie) oor die potensiaal beskik om die komplekse aard van die (regs)skade wat inherent tot geslagspesifieke seksueel eksplisiete materiaal is, bloot te lê. Weens die feit dat die liberale feminisme uit die klassieke liberale teorie ontstaan het, vind hierdie skool van die feminisme dit skynbaar moeilik om die belange van &apos;n vrye, gelyke en demokratiese samelewing te balanseer met die dringende belang van vroue om in &apos;n gemeenskap te leef sonder sowel direkte as indirekte geslagspesifieke geweld. Die liberale feminisme se dikwels onkritiese aanvaarding van klassieke liberale beginsels veroorsaak dat die paradigma skynbaar feitlik nie oor die vermoë beskik om die (vroulike) seksualiteit as &apos;n sosiale konstruksie te waardeer nie. En gevolglik word seksueel eksplisiete spraak nie per se as seksisties of skadelik teenoor vroue beskou nie, want blote afbeelde beskik nie oor die vermoë om skade te berokken nie. Dus om regsintervensie te regverdig, moet skade òf dreigend en direk op vroue gerig wees òf dit moet die verkondiging van haat wat aanhitsing om leed te veroorsaak, uitmaak. In hierdie konteks beskou, word daarom gepoog om vas te stel of die liberale feminisme seksueel eksplisiete material binne &apos;n Suid-Afrikaanse konstitusionele konteks as &apos;n gewelddadige vorm van uitdrukking sou kon konseptualiseer.
&apos;To each a crumb of right, to neither the whole loaf&apos; : the metaphor of the bread and the jurinomics of justice in African legal thought
Journal for Juridical Science 37, pp 56 –83 (2012)
The literature on the meaning of justice remains too Eurocentric without a modicum of space for what Africans hold to be an appropriate conception of justice. This article argues that while there exist scholarly interpretations and inspiring analyses on what may be tagged as African contributions to justice conception such as Desmond Tutu&apos;s Ubuntu, Gluckman&apos;s natural justice, missing in these array of fantastic, breathtaking and insightful definitions of justice in African jurisprudence is the essentially jurinomic dimension towards justice. This article discovers the task of jurinomics to consist in the study of the economic content, context, concepts, contour, characteristic and consequences of law, legal concepts and practice. This article further observes that justice is not just a moral and legal concept but also economic. Taking a cue from a ferreted interpretation of Teslim Elias&apos; popular proverb, and drawing insights from the African ideal of reconciliationism, the article underscores the view that justice concept in Africa could be appropriately understood, using the bread metaphor, to have a jurinomic character in the light of careful readings of notions such as each/neither, crumb, right, whole and loaf. This article concludes that in African jurisprudential thought and practice, welfarism constitute the basic push and pull of justice.
&apos;Aan elkeen &apos;n krummel van &apos;n reg, aan geen die hele brood&apos; : die metafoor van die brood en die "jurinomics" van geregtigheid in Afrika regsdenke.
Die literatuur oor die betekenis van geregtigheid bly te Eurosentries sonder &apos;n mate van ruimte vir wat Afrika as &apos;n toepaslike opvatting van geregtigheid sien. Hierdie artikel hou voor dat, alhoewel daar wetenskaplike interpretasies en inspirerende ontledings bestaan wat gemerk kan word as Afrika bydraes tot die idee van geregtigheid, soos byvoorbeeld Desmond Tutu se Ubuntu en Gluckman se natural justice, kort daar in die wese van hierdie verskeidenheid fantastiese, asemrowende en insiggewende definisies van geregtigheid in Afrika regsfilosofie, die "jurinomic" dimensie van geregtigheid. Hierdie artikel ontdek dat die taak van "jurinomics" uit die bestudering van ekonomiese inhoud, konteks, konsepte, kontoer, eienskappe en die gevolge van die wet, wetlike konsepte en praktyk bestaan. Die artikel neem verder waar dat geregtigheid nie slegs &apos;n morele en regsbeginsel is nie maar ook ekonomies. Met &apos;n voorbeeld van &apos;n uitgesoekte interpretasie van Teslim Elias se gewilde spreekwoord, en die verkryging van insigte uit die Afrika ideaal van "reconciliationism", beklemtoon die artikel die siening dat die konsep van geregtigheid toepaslik verstaan kan word, met die gebruik van die brood-metafoor, om &apos;n "jurinomic" eienskap te hê in die lig van versigtige ondersoeke aangaande begrippe soos elkeen/geen, krummel, reg, hele en brood. Die gevolgtrekking word dan gemaak dat subsidiëring die basiese stoot en trek van geregtigheid vorm in die basiese regsfilosofiese praktyke en denke in Afrika.
Trade in services in the context of SADC-EU EPA : risks and opportunities
Journal for Juridical Science 37, pp 84 –97 (2012)
The desire by the EU to include trade in services as part of the ongoing EPA negotiations with SADC has brought into sharp focus the question as to whether such a move would be in the best interest of SADC. The significance of this question lies in the widely held belief among developing countries that opening up their service sectors to foreign competition while the sector remains poorly developed would harm their developmental prospects. This article examines the merits and weaknesses of this viewpoint, by highlighting the risks that often accompany liberalisation of services between two regions that are at different levels of development. It also draws attention to the growing importance of services in world trade and how they have become an indispensable component of economic growth in developing countries. The article concludes that an EPA is not the most appropriate mechanism for achieving equitable trade in services from a SADC perspective, given the adversarial nature of the negotiations that precede its conclusion. Furthermore, rather than support an all-encompassing process involving liberalisation of all the services sectors at one go, the article advocates a more gradual process involving liberalisation of a few strategic sectors at a time, which would focus within the region initially and only expand globally with time.
Handel in dienste in die konteks van SAOG-EU EPA : risiko&apos;s en geleenthede
Die begeerte van die EU om handel in dienste in te sluit as deel van die EPA-onderhandelinge met die SAOG het die vraag of so &apos;n stap in die beste belang van die SAOG sal wees skerp onder die soeklig geplaas. Die belang van hierdie vraag lê in die algemeen aanvaarde siening onder die ontwikkelende lande dat die opening van hul diens sektore tot buitelandse mededinging, terwyl die sektor swak ontwikkeld bly, hul ontwikkelings-vooruitsigte sou benadeel. Hierdie referaat ondersoek die meriete en swakhede van hierdie siening. Klem word geplaas op die risiko&apos;s wat dikwels die liberalisering van dienste tussen die twee streke wat op verskillende vlakke van ontwikkeling is, vergesel. Dit trek ook die aandag na die toenemende belangrikheid van dienste in wêreld handel en hoe hulle &apos;n onmisbare komponent van ekonomiese groei in die ontwikkelende lande geword het. Hierdie referaat kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat &apos;n EPA nie die mees geskikte meganisme is vir die bereiking van billike handel in dienste van &apos;n SAOG-perspektief nie, inaggenome die opponerende aard van die onderhandelinge wat die sluiting daarvan voorafgaan. Verder, eerder as om die ondersteuning van &apos;n alles-omvattende proses wat die liberalisering van al die sektore van dienste op &apos;n slag insluit, staan hierdie referaat &apos;n meer geleidelike proses wat die liberalisering van &apos;n paar strategiese sektore op &apos;n tyd toe, wat aanvanklik sal fokus binne die streek, en slegs globaal sal uitbrei met verloop van tyd.
Sterility as a ground for nullifying the marriage : can Venter and Van Niekerk be reconciled? : case note
M. Forere and
Journal for Juridical Science 37, pp 97 –103 (2012)
For a marriage to be valid, all the statutory and common law requirements must be satisfied. In a case where all the requirements of marriage are prima facie present, but one or more of the requirements is defective because of, relevant to this work, material misrepresentation, such marriage is regarded as voidable. With material misrepresentation, the question is whether a person in the position of the innocent party would not have entered into the marriage had s/he been aware of the true nature of things. Of course, not every aspect of misrepresentation can lead to material misrepresentation; the misrepresentation must relate to the material aspect of marriage, and those include serious diseases, impotence and others, but this paper deals only with sterility. Sterility has thus been defined as infertility, that is, "the ability to have sexual intercourse but unable to procreate children".