Battle of Tarqui
The Battle of Tarqui, also known as the "Battle of Portete de Tarqui", took place on 27 February 1829 at Portete de Tarqui, near Cuenca, Ecuador. It was fought between troops from Gran Colombia, commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, and Peruvian troops under José de La Mar. It was a victory for Gran Colombia in its first part, and a victory for Peru in its second part. After winning independence from Spain, the countries that are now Ecuador, Colombia, Panama and Venezuela formed a single nation known as Gran Colombia. Simón Bolívar, the liberator of most  of the Andean countries in South America had hoped to join what is now Peru and Bolivia to Gran Colombia, but Peru (including what is now parts of Bolivia) chose to remain a separate nation. (Bolivia had earlier declared independence in 1826.) The anniversary of the battle is marked as Army Day by the Ecuadorian Army. Prelude. In 1828, José de Lamar the President of Peru, who had been born in Cuenca, was encouraged by influential citizens of Guayaquil to believe that the people of "el Austro" or the southern region of what is now Ecuador—including Cuenca, Guayaquil and  Loja—would prefer to be part of Peru rather than Gran Colombia. José de Lamar, who also had the title of marshal or mariscal, occupied the city of Loja with Peruvian troops in November 1828. Guayaquil too was occupied by the Peruvian Army on the 20th of January the following year, angering the Gran Colombian government. Battle. The President of Gran Colombia, Simón Bolívar appointed Mariscal Sucre, then President of Bolivia, to lead the Gran Colombian troops to defend the "Department of Ecuador." Helping Sucre was the Governor of the Department of Ecuador, Juan José Flores. Together Sucre and Flores  recruited an estimated 5,000 troops by January 1829 and brought them into the area near Cuenca by the middle of February. Lamar also had an estimated Peruvian 4,500 troops in the vicinity of Cuenca. The two armies were set to confront in Portete de Tarqui with the victory of the Grancolombian troops, in the first part of the battle, including an infantry brigade consisting of 3 battalions and a cavalry squadron under COL José María Camacaro, serving as part of the cavalry brigade under MGEN Daniel Florence O'Leary. During the second part of the battle the Colonel's death in  the battle by the 1st Squadron, Junin Hussars Regiment commanding officer, COL Luis Jose de Orbegoso y Moncada, who served with then LTCOL Domingo Nieto (later a Marshal) under the leadership of the Argentine general Mariano Necochea, shocked the Colombian forces so much that a cavalry charge was ordered, resulting in the Colombian forces (the Cedeño Squadron and two companies of riflemen) leading yet again into the offensive, but the Junin Hussars blocked them, forcing them to fall back to the line. By sunset the Peruvian forces pulled back, awaiting reinforcements. In the aftermath, the Girón Agreement was signed by  the general officers of both forces the day after, and as a result of the latter Piura Armistice of the 10 July 1829, all the Peruvian forces departed from southern Ecuador. Lamar’s government was overthrown shortly after his return to Peru, and he was forced to go into exile in Costa Rica where he died in November 1830. Sucre was killed in 1830 while riding on his way back to Quito. Juan José Flores became the first President of Ecuador. In honor of the Ecuadorian fallen of the battle the Presidential Horse Guards Squadron of the Ecuadorian Army has  the nickname "Tarqui Grenadiers" in honor of the battle, as a horse grenadier unit served with the Colombian army during the battle and was manned partly by Ecuadorian personnel. They wear a blue dress uniform and carry lances in memory of their fallen predecessors.