Patriotic Citizens of Viitasaari
The Patriotic Citizens of Viitasaari (Finnish: ) was an organization operating in Viitasaari in Central Finland. The association was one of the first prominent, explicitly anti-Semitic and anti-Masonic organizations in Finland. From 1928 to 1930, the group was run by Gunnar von Hertzen, a municipal physician. Between 1930 and 1939, the Citizens published seven booklets warning of the dangers posed by Communism, Jews, and Freemasons. The Citizens' publications were characterized by strong anti-Semitism. The group included several far-right people living in Viitasaari. The founders of the group were the pastor of Viitasaari, Dean  , the chaplain , local doctor, the Jäger Major Gunnar von Hertzen, the farmers Einar Sarlin and Kalle Varis and the bank manager Aapeli Tikkanen. Of the founders, at least Jaakkola and Halmesmäki had been involved in the Lapua movement's kidnapping operations. Halmesmäki also served as the editor-in-chief of the newspaper ' and published and edited the ' magazine from 1933 to 1944. The books published by the group had used mainly German literature as sources, but the text had been adapted to Finnish conditions. The first booklet, "The Jewish Part in World Events", was published in 1930 and had a  first run of 10,000 copies. According to the Citizens, the Jews were behind communism, socialism, Freemasonry, and liberalism, and they took advantage of these movements to gain power. The Jews already supposedly ruled the Soviet Union and from there financed communist activities around the world. Both communism and international capitalism were Jewish-led and contributed to the emergence of the Jewish world power. According to the people of Viitasaari, the Jews had already brought about the First World War and they were already planning to start a new war. If the Jews won this war, they would rule the whole  world, but if they lost it, they would fall to the "level of the current gypsies." Pastor Jaakkola also wrote actively on the same topic in the magazines "Sinimusta", , "Tapparamies", "Siniristi" and "Kustaa Vaasa".