Norman Geras
Norman Geras (; 25 August 1943 – 18 October 2013) was a political theorist and Professor Emeritus of Politics at the University of Manchester. He contributed to an analysis of the works of Karl Marx in his book "Marx and Human Nature" and the article "The Controversy About Marx and Justice". His "Seven Types of Obloquy: Travesties of Marxism", appeared in the "Socialist Register" in 1990. Biography. Geras was born in Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia, to a Jewish family. Arriving in the UK in 1962, he read philosophy, politics and economics at Pembroke College, Oxford, and graduated in 1965. He was  a research student from 1965 to 1967 at Nuffield College, Oxford, before joining the University of Manchester as a lecturer in 1967. He married the children's writer Adèle Geras (born Jerusalem, 1944) in 1967. One of their two daughters is Sophie Hannah, the poet and author. Connected with the Trotskyist International Marxist Group at the time of writing his study of Rosa Luxemburg's political thought, "The Times" obituarist wrote of Geras' aim for the book: "He set out to defend (as he would then have seen it) Luxemburg’s Marxist orthodoxy. It may seem perverse to Geras’s  later admirers across the political divide that he would then have regarded this as a point in Luxemburg’s favour, but the quality of his scholarship was undeniable. He showed that Luxemburg had largely shared Lenin’s own pre-1917 analysis of the revolutionaries’ task." Geras was on the editorial board of "New Left Review" from 1976 to 1992, and then on the editorial board of "Socialist Register" from 1995 to 2003. After retiring as a Professor in 2003, he wrote a blog, which focused on political issues, such as the 2003 invasion of Iraq, which he supported, his academic interests , and a range of other topics, including popular music, cricket and films. In 2006, he was one of the principal authors of the Euston Manifesto. Geras's 1989 essay "Our Morals: The Ethics of Revolution" was on the University of Reading's list of essential reading for the Justice and Injustice politics module in 2017, but the university warned students to read the essay only in a secure setting where it could not be seen by "those who are not prepared to view it", and not to read it on personal devices. This was after the essay was identified by  the university as "sensitive" under the "Prevent" counter-terrorism programme. Geras rejected terrorism, but argued that violence could be justified in the case of grave social injustices.