Zeppelin LZ 120 Bodensee
LZ 120 "Bodensee" was a passenger-carrying airship built by Zeppelin Luftschiffbau in 1919 to operate a passenger service between Berlin and Friedrichshafen. It was later handed over to the Italian Navy as war reparations in place of airships that had been sabotaged by their crews and renamed "Esperia". A sister-ship, LZ 121 "Nordstern", was built in 1920: it was handed over to France and renamed "Méditerranée". Design. The "Bodensee", designed by Paul Jaray, had an innovative hull shape of relatively low fineness ratio, (ratio of length to diameter). This was arrived at after wind -tunnel tests conducted at the University of Göttingen had shown that this would reduce drag. The framework consisted of eleven 17-sided main transverse frames with a secondary ring frame in each bay, connected by longitudinal girders with a stiffening keel. The forward-mounted control car was combined with the passenger accommodation and was constructed as an integral part of the hull structure rather than being suspended beneath it. Passenger accommodation consisted of five compartments seating four people and a VIP cabin for one. An additional six passengers could be carried on wicker chairs in the gangway between the compartments . A galley and toilets were also fitted. It was powered by four Maybach Mb.IVa engines, two in a centrally mounted aft gondola driving a single diameter two-bladed pusher propeller, the other two in a pair of amidships engine cars mounted either side of the hull. These drove two-bladed propellers via a reversing gearbox to enable reverse thrust for manoeuvering when landing. A sister-ship LZ 121 "Nordstern", similar to the lengthened "Bodensee" but with modified passenger accommodation, was completed in 1920. Operational history. "Bodensee" was first flown on 20 August 1919 piloted by Bernhard Lau. The first  passenger-carrying flight was made on 24 August, with Hugo Eckener in command. It made over 100 flights, carrying 2,322 passengers over a total distance of These flights included a 17-hour voyage between Berlin and Stockholm. On 3 November 1919 "Bodensee" suffered a partial engine failure, leading to an accident at Staaken when attempting to land. One of the ground handling crew was killed and several injured, and the airship, lightened after five passengers had jumped out, was then carried off by the wind and eventually brought down near Magdeburg. "Bodensee" had suffered some damage in the accident, and  while being repaired was also modified: the controls had proved oversensitive, so the control surfaces were cut down and the airship was lengthened by . In July 1921 "Bodensee" was handed over to the Italian government as compensation for the Zeppelins which were to have been handed over as war reparations but had been sabotaged by their crews. Two stowaways accompanied the flight to Rome: a German bank clerk and an American cinematographer. Renamed "Esperia," the airship made at least one long flight in Italian service, a voyage lasting 25 hours from Rome to Barcelona and Toulon before being broken up  for scrap in July 1928. The "Bodensee"s sister-ship, LZ 121 "Nordstern", was also covered by the reparations decided as part of the peace treaty of June 1919 and was confiscated by the Allies. "Nordstern" was delivered to France as a war reparation on 13 June 1921 and renamed "Méditerranée".