Kleinschmalkalden
Kleinschmalkalden is a village on the southern slope of the Thuringian Forest in Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen of Thuringia, Germany. In 2006 it joined the neighbouring municipality Floh-Seligenthal. Geography. The village is situated high in the valley of Schmalkalde river which passes through the centre of the village. For several hundred years, until the end of the Second World War, the river also formed a political boundary creating two distinct villages separated by only a few metres of water. Population, as of 2006, is about 1500 persons. The Rennsteig passes about north of the village. Kleinschmalkalden is located on  road L 1026 between Schmalkalden and Friedrichroda, road L 1127 towards Ruhla via Brotterode branches off in the centre of the village. The former railway line between Schmalkalden and Brotterode is now a cycle path. History. A smithy on the site of the village was first mentioned in 1378. The part west of Schmalkalde river was recorded in 1465 as a village. It belonged to Amt Brotterode in the lordship of Schmalkalden which was an exclave of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. In 1866 this village came to Prussia. Another settlement formed east of the river after 1500. It was  part of Amt Tenneberg in the duchy of Saxe-Gotha and came to the Free State of Thuringia in 1920. The partition of the village is the reason why there are two evangelical churches, the Hessian and the Gothaic church. A railway line from Schmalkalden was opened on 6 November 1892. It was extended to Brotterode on 19 December 1898. Kleinschmalkalden station became a double terminus. Passenger traffic from Kleinschmalkalden to Brotterode ceased in 1964. Most of this branch was lifted in 1970, but rebuilt in 1984 for freight traffic. Passenger traffic between Schmalkalden and Kleinschmalkalden ceased on 30 November  1996, the complete line was lifted in 2002. The two villages were merged on 1 October 1945, and the settlement was renamed "Pappenheim" after Ludwig Pappenheim (1887–1934), a social democrat, politician, and founder of the Schmalkalden newspaper "Volksstimme", who was killed in KZ Neusustrum. On 27 July 1990 the village was named back in Kleinschmalkalden. In 1994 it entered an administrative cooperation with the neighbouring town Brotterode, before joining the municipality Floh-Seligenthal in 2006. Sights. The village is the home of the world's largest cow bell manufactured by the local firm Venter Glocken. The cowbell is and weighs  . The older Hessian church was built in 1719, replacing a wooden church of 1570. The Gothaic church was built in 1854. Until then, the inhabitants of the smaller and poorer Gothaic part of the village had to attend the church in the Hessian part, and had to contribute to its maintenance which they could hardly afford. Economy. Mining was the principal occupation in Kleinschmalkalden until the 17th century, accompanied by ironmaking and charcoal burning. After its decline, the manufacture of metal ware, bellows, and baskets in particular developed. Later, basket making gave way to cigar-making and leather processing. Due  to the steep slopes of the surrounding countryside, agriculture played only a minor role. Currently, cow bells, tools, and other metal goods are made in Kleinschmalkalden, and staghorn is processed. A business park has not been established. The village was a recognised "Luftkurort" and carried the designation "Kurort" until its merger with Floh-Seligenthal. The joint municipality is also recognised as a recreation locality. Education. A schoolhouse was built for the Gothaic part of the village in 1661. Later, the village possessed a Volksschule and a vocational school. A Polytechnic Secondary School existed during the times of the GDR. Nowadays , children from Kleinschmalkalden attend school in Floh.