The Broad
The Broad () is a contemporary art museum on Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles. The museum is named for philanthropists Eli and Edythe Broad, who financed the $140 million building that houses the Broad art collections. It offers free general admission to its permanent collection galleries. It opened on September 20, 2015. History. Since 2008, Eli and Edythe Broad and the Broad Art Foundation had been considering different sites for a museum for the art collection. In November 2008, the news surfaced that Eli Broad had approached Beverly Hills about building his museum at the southeast corner  of Wilshire Boulevard and Santa Monica Boulevard. In January 2010, he revealed that he was considering a 10-acre parcel on the campus of West Los Angeles College just outside Culver City. Meanwhile, in March 2010, the Santa Monica City Council approved an agreement in principle to lease the city-owned 2.5-acre parcel next to the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium to Eli Broad for $1 a year for 99 years while also contributing $1 million toward design costs. Broad would have paid the rest, an estimated $50 million to $70 million. In August 2010, Eli  Broad announced formally that he would build a museum in Downtown Los Angeles. He agreed to pay $7.7 million for a 99-year lease. Officially characterized as a grant, the money subsidized affordable-housing units at The Emerson, a high-rise residential tower next to the museum. The agreement also includes an $8.5-million government share of the cost of the museum's outdoor plaza and government payments of up to $30 million to reimburse Broad for building the museum's underground parking garage. Under that buy-back provision, the garage eventually will be government-owned. In  an invited architectural competition for the project in 2010, six architects were asked to present preliminary designs. They included Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and his firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture; Swiss pair Herzog & de Meuron; Christian de Portzamparc from Paris; Japanese duo Ryue Nishizawa and Kazuyo Sejima of SANAA; and Diller Scofidio + Renfro from New York. Diller Scofidio + Renfro were eventually chosen to design the approximately 120,000-square-foot museum, which includes exhibition space, offices and a parking garage. In February 2015, Eli and Edythe Broad hosted a public preview of the new building, attracting some 3,500 visitors . The museum was opened by the Broads on September 20, 2015. Celebrities in attendance included Bill Clinton, Reese Witherspoon, Matthew Perry, Heidi Klum, and Larry King, among others. Architecture. The Broad is housed in a new building designed by architecture firm Diller Scofidio + Renfro and structural engineering firm Leslie E. Robertson Associates. Its cost has been estimated at $140 million. With a location adjacent to Frank Gehry's iconic Walt Disney Concert Hall, the museum's design is intended to contrast with its bright metallic perforated exterior while respecting its architectural presence by having a porous, "honeycomblike" exterior . The design is based on a concept entitled "the veil and the vault". "The veil" is a porous envelope that wraps the whole building, filtering and transmitting daylight to the indoor space. This skin is composed of 2,500 rhomboidal panels of fiberglass-reinforced concrete supported by a 650-ton steel substructure. The "vault" is a concrete body which forms the core of the building, dedicated to storage, laboratories, curatorial spaces and offices. The three-story museum has of exhibition space on two floors, with of column-free gallery space on the third floor and on the first. The roof has  318 skylight monitors that admit diffused sunlight from the north. In the non-Euclidean lobby, there is no front desk; instead, visitor-services associates greet guests with mobile devices. Lobby and exhibitions spaces are connected by a 105-foot escalator and a glass-enclosed elevator. Museum plaza. In early 2014, plans were published for a public plaza adjacent to The Broad, to be overseen and maintained by the museum as part of its agreement with the city. Designed by the museum's architects, Diller, Scofidio + Renfro, and landscape architect Walter Hood, the plaza, with other streetscape improvements, is estimated  to cost $18 million, with about $10 million coming from redevelopment funds and $8 million from the museum. It features a grove of 100-year-old Barouni olive trees. Construction. The museum's unorthodox facade, which the architects refer to as the "veil", was unusually difficult to fabricate, leading to delays in construction. In a lawsuit filed in Los Angeles County Superior Court in 2014, the museum sued German fabricator Seele GmbH, Zurich American Insurance Company and the Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland for $19.8 million in damages for allegedly failing to deliver the facade 's components on schedule. The Broad and Seele subsequently agreed to continue work on the museum and to face off later over the dispute. Collection. The Broad houses a nearly 2,000-piece collection of contemporary art featuring 200 artists, including works by Cindy Sherman, Jeff Koons, Ed Ruscha, Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol, including a 1963 "Single Elvis" by the latter. The museum suggested in 2015 that it was acquiring the "Single Elvis", which sent the prices of pop art to unprecedented levels. Other notable installations include Yayoi Kusama's "Infinity Mirrored Room – The Souls of Millions of Light Years  Away" (2013), Ragnar Kjartansson's expansive nine-screen video "The Visitors" (2012), Julie Mehretu's 24-feet-wide canvas "Beloved (Cairo)" (2013), and Goshka Macuga's photo-tapestry "Death of Marxism, Women of All Lands Unite" (2013). The museum also owns the largest collection of Cindy Sherman works worldwide, with 129 pieces. The collection has been described by the "Washington Post" as including too much "high-end trash" but "even though the bad overwhelms the great, there are great works throughout." The building will also serve as headquarters for the Broad Art Foundation's lending library of contemporary works. Exhibitions . The Broad's inaugural exhibition is to feature a selection of more than 250 paintings, sculptures and photographs by more than 60 artists drawn exclusively from the permanent collection, including John Ahearn, El Anatsui, Richard Artschwager, John Baldessari, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Bernd and Hilla Becher, Joseph Beuys, Mark Bradford, Chris Burden, Chuck Close, John Currin, Eric Fischl, Jack Goldstein, Mark Grotjahn, Keith Haring, Damien Hirst, Jasper Johns, Mike Kelley, Ellsworth Kelly (four paintings), William Kentridge, Anselm Kiefer, Ragnar Kjartansson, Jeff Koons, Barbara Kruger, Yayoi Kusama, Sherrie Levine, Roy Lichtenstein (10 paintings), Glenn Ligon, Sharon Lockhart, Robert Longo, Goshka Macuga, Julie  Mehretu, Takashi Murakami, Lari Pittman, Richard Prince, Neo Rauch, Robert Rauschenberg, Charles Ray, Ed Ruscha, Julian Schnabel, Cindy Sherman, Mark Tansey, Robert Therrien, Cy Twombly, Kara Walker, Jeff Wall, Andy Warhol (11 paintings), David Wojnarowicz and Christopher Wool. Restaurant. The museum includes a free-standing restaurant on its plaza, "Otium" – Latin for "leisure time" – which Eli Broad developed with Bill Chait of "République" and "Bestia" restaurants. It features Timothy Hollingsworth, a former head chef of "The French Laundry" in Napa Valley, as executive chef. In September 2015, "Isolated Elements, 2015", a photographic mural by the artist Damien Hirst was installed  on the south facade of the restaurant; it measures nearly 84 feet by 32 feet and is based on Hirst's 1991 sculpture "Isolated Elements Swimming in the Same Direction for the Purpose of Understanding", a wall-mounted cabinet filled with fish preserved in formaldehyde. Management. Funding. As of 2014, The Broad's endowment is at $200 million, thereby larger than any museum in Los Angeles except for the Getty Museum. The overall annual budget is $16 million, which is provided for through established funds. The museum offers mostly free admission to the public, but will charge for  temporary special exhibitions. Governance. Besides Eli and Edythe Broad, the Broad's Board of Governance also includes art dealer Irving Blum, Los Angeles Philharmonic CEO Deborah Borda, restaurateur Michael Chow, businessman Bruce Karatz, and former ambassador Robert H. Tuttle, among others. The museum's director is art historian Joanne Heyler. Attendance. In its first year, The Broad attracted 753,000 visitors, roughly equivalent to the 2011 attendance at Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). In 2019, more than 900,000 people visited.