Vistulan dialect
The Vistulan dialect () was a dialect of Low Prussian, which belongs to Low German. The dialect was spoken in West Prussia, today in Poland. It had a border to Mundart der Weichselwerder. It was spoken around Jezioro Żarnowieckie ("Zarnowitzer See"), Gdańsk ("Danzig") and Grudziądz ("Graudenz"). Geography. It was geographically close to a transitional area of East Pomeranian dialect and Low Prussian, which is part of East Pomeranian. The transitional area would end at about Chojnice ("Konitz"). Other places within this area included Bytów ("Bütow"), Lębork ("Lauenburg"), Bydgoszcz ("Bromberg") and Toruń ("Thorn"). Within Low German in West Prussia, there  was a major bundle of isoglosses in roughly the line Brodnica-Gardeja-Nowe and continuing somewhere between Kościerzyna and Chojnice. Phonology. In Gdańsk, it had High German "a" as "ǫ" before l in words such as "ǫl" for High German "alt" and "hǫle" for High German "halten". Another typical example is "mǫn" for High German "Mann". The dialect of Gdańsk also has "mǭke" for High German "machen" "High German", "nǭˠel" for High German "Nagel", "šlǭˠen" for High German "schlagen" inter alia. It had "a" and "ä" in cases such as "nat" and "nät" for High German "Netz". History. Already in  the age of the Teutonic Order there were Dutch colonists in Danzig. By 1586 there were Mennonite congregations in both Graudenz and Danzig. Within the coastal area from Gdańsk to Elbląg, the denomination "Flemish Mennonites" once predominated among the Mennonites, whereas in Vistula valley the denomination "Frisian Mennonites" did. Some of the "Flemish" colonists of Chortitza Colony were from the Danzig area. Low German with Dutch remnants was often still spoken in Danzig by Mennonite families at home in the first half of the 19th century. In 1780 a German hymnbook was introduced, partly translated from Dutch. Until then, the  Danzig congregation had used Dutch songbooks. Until the second half of the 18th century, Mennonite sermons were in Dutch. Numerous words in the Danzig area were from Dutch, in particular nautical and commercial vocabulary. Towards the end of the 18th century, the language spoken at home in long-established merchant families in Danzig was still Low German, this changed. Use in Danzig has since then been restricted to workers and small artisans. It was barely understood in privileged circles, but best by those who had the opportunity to hear it with their subordinates every day. In the countryside, Low German  was still spoken by the landowners, if they preserved the rural way of life. In the second half of the 19th century, Low German had a considerable decline. Dialekt des Weichselgebietes is among the varieties on which Plautdietsch is based and has the greatest phonetic similarity to. There were "Frisian" Mennonites in Rudniki, Kwidzyn County (Rudnerweide), Sporowo (Sparrau), Pastwa (Pastwa), Kowalewo Pomorskie (Schönsee), Barcice, Pomeranian Voivodeship (Tragheimerweide) and Mała Nieszawka (Obernessau). In Gdańsk and Stogi, in originally open syllables before "k" and "x", "a" became "o:". There were congregations of "Frisian Mennonites" in Gdańsk, Mątawy, Kowalewo Pomorskie and Barcice, Lesser  Poland Voivodeship. There were congregations of "Flemish Mennonites" in Gdańsk, Dziewięć Włók and Przechówko. The switch from Dutch to High German as language of worship was earlier among "Frisian Mennonites", which probably was due to High German refugees in the same area. In urban congregations, the change of language of worship from Dutch to High German was later, which possibly was caused by contact to Dutch congregations. Hüttenpommersch. The area of Hüttenpommersch is not always included in its entirety within Low Prussian. It was spoken of both sides of the border of Free City of Danzig. It was spoken around  Przywidz ("Mariensee"). it had a transitional area to Low Prussian. Within its area, Kashubian was spoken. Palatal k becomes an affricate tx. G of High German is realized as j.