Sister Fidelma mysteries
The Sister Fidelma mysteries are a series of historical mystery novels and short stories by Peter Tremayne (pseudonym of Peter Berresford Ellis) about a fictional detective who is the eponymous heroine of a series. Fidelma is both a "dalaigh" (an advocate in the courts of the Five Kingdoms of Éireann), and Celtic nun (Ellis uses the French term "réligieuse"). Fidelma usually solves crimes in company with her partner (and eventually husband) Brother Eadulf, a Saxon monk (Ellis uses the French term "réligieux"). Though Eadulf has often been compared to Sherlock Holmes's friend Dr. Watson, he is  in fact more of an equal partner to Fidelma, and usually proves essential to solving the mystery at hand (in fact, in the story of "The Leper's Bell" he solves one of the main problems himself). A true companion, he has saved Fidelma's life more than once. The Sister Fidelma stories are set in the middle to late 7th century, mainly in Ireland. They are historical whodunits in the literary tradition of Umberto Eco's "The Name of the Rose", the Brother Cadfael mysteries by Ellis Peters, and the Judge Dee mysteries by Robert van Gulik (inspired by  Gong'an fiction and by the official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty Di Renjie). Peter Tremayne's novels usually feature the interaction of several subplots involving political intrigue, personal relationships, religious conflict, or characters' desires for personal or monetary gain. Main characters. Sister Fidelma. Fidelma was born into the royal family of Munster in the late 630s. Her father, King Failbe Fland, died c. 637/9, during Fidelma's infancy. Fidelma was raised as an Eoghanachta princess. She studied civil and criminal law, especially the brehon laws, under the supervision of Brehon Morann of Tara. During her student years, Fidelma had an  unhappy love affair with Cian, a warrior of the High King's bodyguard, who eventually abandoned her to marry the daughter of the High King's steward (who, ironically, later divorced him on the grounds that he was sterile). Her pre-occupation with Cian interfered with her concentration and devotion to her studies and nearly caused her to be expelled from the Brehon Morann's classes. Emerging from the affair battered but unbowed, she applied herself wholeheartedly to her studies and eventually qualified as an "anruth", the second highest rank after an Ollamh in the Irish legal system. In the  novels, she pursues a career as a "dalaigh" to the Brehon Court of Ireland. In 659, while still studying at Brehon Morann's law school, Fidelma traveled to visit Lúach, an old friend, but found upon her arrival that Lúach had been missing for five days. Fidelma undertook an investigation into her friend's disappearance, but found more questions than answers, especially from those closest to Lúach (see the e-novella "Lair of the White Fox"). After her studies were complete, on the advice of her mentor Abbot Laisran of Durrow Fidelma became a nun (referred to throughout the series  as a "religieuse"), joining St. Brigid's mixed abbey at Cill Dara (Kildare). She later left this community some time after her return from Rome for reasons outlined in the story "Hemlock at Vespers" and now refers to herself as "Fidelma of Cashel" rather than "Sister Fidelma". Strong-minded and independent, Fidelma often chafes at the structure of the religious life; she seems to have become a nun more as a career move (monasteries were the intellectual centres of seventh-century Ireland) than as an expression of Christian devotion. In the novel "A Prayer for the Damned", Fidelma considers renouncing  her religious vows but decides against it. Fidelma's "anam chara" or "soul friend" (the Irish equivalent of a confessor and spiritual guide) had been her friend Liadin, as Fidelma had been to her, but Liadin later betrayed and broke her oath to Fidelma (see the short story "At the Tent of Holofernes" in "Hemlock at Vespers"). Since that time Fidelma had no real "anam chara", but in "The Leper's Bell" she realized that she had unknowingly come to regard Eadulf as her "anam chara" and finally recognized him as such. Even so, she continued to seek advice from  clerical mentors, particularly Abbot Laisran and Brother Conchobar of Cashel. In 664, Fidelma accompanied the Irish delegation to the Synod of Whitby, where she met Brother Eadulf (quite literally running into him); later, they were asked to work together to investigate the murder of Abbess Etain of Kildare, a leading member of the Church of Columba faction (see "Absolution by Murder"). Following a little initial hostility on Fidelma's part towards Eadulf, the murderer was uncovered, and after the Synod concluded Fidelma and Eadulf journeyed together to Rome, where they were asked to investigate the murder of Archbishop-designate Wighard  (see "Shroud for the Archbishop"). After the case was successfully resolved, Fidelma returned to Cashel, being forced on the way to stop at the seaport of Genua (Genoa), then traveling to the Abbey of Bobium (Bobbio Abbey) to visit her old teacher Brother Ruadán and becoming involved in the events of "Behold a Pale Horse". In 665, Fidelma's cousin King Cathal Cú-cen-máthair died and Fidelma's older brother Colgu succeeded to the throne of Muman (Munster) (the historical King Colgu ruled from A.D. 665-678), and in the wake of her brother's succession Fidelma became involved  in solving the murder of famed religious scholar the Venerable Dacan (see "Suffer Little Children"). In 666 when Fidelma was called upon to investigate the finding of a headless body in an abbey well, she also became involved with the mystery of a deserted Gaulish ship on which (she learned) Eadulf had been traveling to Cashel as an emissary of Theodore of Tarsus, the new Archbishiop of Canterbury, and from which he and the entire crew had been taken captive (see "The Subtle Serpent"). Returning to Cashel together after rescuing Eadulf, revealing the murderer and uncovering a plot against Munster , Fidelma and Eadulf soon became nearly inseparable (see "The Spider's Web", "Valley of the Shadow" [at which time Fidelma was made a member of the "Nasc Naidh", an elite corps of bodyguards to the kings of Munster, by King Colgu and became entitled to wear the golden "torc" of that order] and "The Monk Who Vanished"). After nearly a year together, they again separated, with Eadulf (reluctantly) intending to return to Canterbury and Fidelma intending to go on a pilgrimage to the Shrine of St. James in Iberia. Events didn't go quite as planned. Fidelma had only just  arrived in Iberia after a very eventful voyage (see "Act of Mercy") when she received a message from her brother Colgu that Eadulf had been charged with murder. Hurrying back to Ireland, she reunited with Eadulf at the Abbey of Fearna, proved his innocence and uncovered the true killer as well as the reasons behind the crime (see "Our Lady of Darkness"). Eadulf then convinced Fidelma to accompany him to Canterbury and then, after their business with Archbishop Theodore had been accomplished, to visit his former home of Seaxmund's Ham (see "Smoke in the Wind", the short story "The  Lost Eagle" in "Whispers of the Dead" and "The Haunted Abbot"). At some point during their travels, they revealed their true feelings for and to one another, began a physical relationship (resulting in Fidelma's pregnancy) and entered into a temporary marriage of a year and a day (with Fidelma as Eadulf's "ben charrthach" or "loved woman" and Eadulf as Fidelma's "fer comtha"; this marriage is first mentioned in "The Haunted Abbot" which takes place in late December, 666). After their return to Cashel in 667, their son Alchu ("Gentle Hound") was born sometime between June and July  of that year. The last three months of 667 turned rocky; Fidelma and Eadulf's relationship was seriously troubled by Fidelma's suffering from (but refusing to admit that she suffered from) what is now called postpartum depression. While Fidelma and Eadulf were away solving a series of serial killings (see "Badger's Moon"), Alchu's nurse was found murdered outside the castle of Cashel and little Alchu was missing, believed to have been kidnapped. Despite objections that they were too emotionally involved to investigate properly and what turned out to be a false trail meant to implicate the Uí  Fidgente, Eadulf was able to track down and recover Alchu and Fidelma uncovered the real reason why Alchu's nurse had been murdered (see "The Leper's Bell"). In February 668, they celebrated a permanent marriage, despite the interruption caused by their investigation into the murder of Abbot Ultan of Cill Ria (Kilrea) (see "A Prayer for the Damned"). After the events of "Dancing with Demons" in the winter of 669–670, Eadulf was made a member of the "Nasc Naidh". Fidelma became increasingly involved in Irish court politics and diplomacy, including thwarting several plots against the kingdom of Munster, solving  the murder of the High King Sechnassach (see "Dancing with Demons") and, although originally requested to act as advisor to the Irish delegation to the Council of Autun summoned by Bishop Leodegar in 670, uncovering the murderer of the Abbot Dabhoc of Tulach Oc at that council (see "The Council of the Cursed"). She and Eadulf were returning to Muman by sea in the company of Fidelma's cousin Bressel when their ship was attacked off the coast of Armorica and Bressel was brutally murdered, along with some of the ship's crew. After uncovering both the person responsible and  a plot to assassinate the Breton king (see "The Dove of Death"), Fidelma decided to renounce her religious vows and become full-time legal advisor to her brother, a decision she believed Eadulf would support. Her belief proved wrong and led to a bitter quarrel between them, resulting in a physical separation with Fidelma remaining in Cashel and Eadulf going to the abbey of Ruan. During the weeks of the separation and due to Muman's Chief Brehon Baithen's intentions of retiring because of a serious (ultimately fatal) illness, Fidelma became determined to succeed Baithen as Chief Brehon and  Colgu agreed to have her name submitted among the other candidates (although he informed her that he must remain neutral and that the final decision must lie with the Council of Brehons). The murder of Brother Donnchad at the abbey of Lios Mor led Colgu and Abbot Segdae to send Fidelma to investigate but on the condition that Eadulf accompany and assist her (see "The Chalice of Blood"). Although they were able to work together as before, the breach was evident and after the investigation was successfully concluded, Fidelma followed through with her decision/ambition and left the religious. Unfortunately , although her name was submitted, Brehon Aedo was elected as Muman's Chief Brehon, a decision which Fidelma took very hard (although publicly she supported the decision), and Eadulf (who had finally accepted her decision to leave the religious, although he himself remained a Brother) was extremely relieved when she agreed to undertake the investigation of an unknown found body, which led towards uncovering another plot against Muman and an unexpected traitor within Fidelma's own family (see "The Seventh Trumpet"). However, Fidelma eventually concluded that the role and duties of Chief Brehon of Muman were not for her and  decided to remain a "dalaigh", although she continued to be Colgu's legal advisor. In November 670, Colgu was nearly assassinated by a mysterious religieux but survived, although badly wounded; the assassin also killed Chief Brehon Aedo, who had tried to protect Colgu. The would-be assassin was killed, but the initial investigation into the motive for the attack (originally handled by Deputy Chief Brehon Aillin) seemed to point towards the Uí Fidgente, and so, with the approval of Colgu's "tanaiste" (heir apparent) Finguine, Fidelma and Eadulf traveled into enemy territory to continue their investigation and uncovered not only  the reason for the attack on Colgu but also a plot against the Uí Fidgente from within their own ruling family (see "Atonement of Blood"). In February 671, Colgu had recovered from his wound and Fidelma and Eadulf had been living somewhat peacefully in Cashel when an Anglo-Saxon deputation led by the Venerable Verax, brother of Pope Vitalian, and the arrogant Bishop Arwald of Magonsaete arrived at Cashel to debate the possible establishment by Rome of an Archbishopric in Ireland and which primacy in the Five Kingdoms might be considered as its seat. Matters took a serious turn even  before the debate began by the murder of Brother Cerdic, the delegation's emissary, before the delegation's arrival and became even more complicated by the discovery on the banks of the River Siur of three murdered men, one of whom was identified as The Venerable Vitricius of Palestrina, and that the only survivor was Eadulf's younger brother Egric. The debate quickly turned hostile; shortly afterwards, an attempt was made on Fidelma and Eadulf's lives and more murders were committed, including those of Rudgal (the man suspected of leading the attack on The Venerable Vitricius), of Sister Dianaihm  (the "bann-mhoar" or female steward of Abbess Lioch of Cill Naile (Killenaule), who had been asked to attend the debate) and of Egric. With Muman's honor at stake Fidelma and Eadulf had to somehow unravel the truth and the reasons for so many killings (see "The Devil's Seal"). In May 671, preparations for the Great Fair of Bealtain in Cashel took a sinister turn when Eadulf and Aidan while returning to Cashel came across a partially burned wagon containing two bodies, one female (the driver of the wagon) disguised in male clothing and inside the wagon one  male who appeared to have been dead for several days. Further examination determined the burning to be a case of arson and the two deaths due to poisoning. The investigation took Fidelma and Eadulf to Osraige and to the Abbey of Cainnech, where they strove to uncover the secrets of both the Golden Stone and the mysterious Fellowship of the Raven (see "The Second Death"). In June 671, Fidelma and Eadulf were horrified to learn from Colgu that Abbot Segdae had been murdered while at the fortress of Prince Donennach of the Ui Fidgente. In the absence of Muman's  Chief Brehon, Colgu immediately dispatched Fidelma and Eadulf; upon their arrival, they learned to their shock that their companion Gorman, who had been found at the scene of the crime, was being held as the chief suspect and that the Ui Fidgente religious, led by the vicious and vindictive Abbot Nannid of Mungairit, were demanding Gorman's death as punishment according to the Penitentials. With the backing of both Prince Donennach and the Ui Fidgente Chief Brehon Faolchair, Fidelma and Eadulf immediately began an investigation, mindful of the fact that any misstep on Fidelma's part could not only result  in Gorman's execution but also spark both a civil upheaval within the Ui Fidgente and a war against Cashel (see "Penance of the Damned"). In November 671, just before the eve of the feast of Samhain, Eadulf and Aidan discovered a man murdered in an unlit pyre, dressed in the robes of a religieux and killed by the ritualistic "three deaths". When a strange woman known as "Brancheó" appeared in a raven-feather cloak foretelling of the ancient gods returning to exact revenge upon the mortal world, she was quickly branded a suspect. In their search for the killer , Sister Fidelma and Eadulf discovered that their investigation was linked to a book stolen from the Papal Secret Archives which could destroy the New Faith in the Five Kingdoms (see "Night of the Lightbringer"). As 671 drew to a close, Fidelma traveled to the Abbey of Finnbarr on a personal secret mission to question the abbot, but found that he had been murdered and the suspect, a young girl, had fled. In spite of Fidelma's refusal to reveal her real purposes (which she had sworn an oath not to reveal) to Eadulf and her other companions, they agreed to  accompany her on this investigation. However, vicious rumors began to circulate of a plot by Fidelma's family, the Eoghannacht, to murder the High King and kidnap his wife, and Fidelma's refusal to confide even in Eadulf meant that not only that Fidelma's life was in danger but also that she would be truly on her own to face what was to happen (see "Bloodmoon"). In February 672, Fidelma and Eadulf were traveling from the Abbey of Lios Mhor back to Cashel when they reached the village of Cloichin just in time to prevent the lynching, presided over  by Brother Gadra, a firm adherent of the Penitentials, of a man accused of murdering a local farmer, his wife and two sons. Determined that the man, a foreign vagrant, should be given a fair trial, Fidelma and Eadulf remained in the area, but events, including a claimant to the murdered farmer's inheritance, began to spiral into a far more sinister pattern that would cost more lives (see "Blood in Eden"). In Spring 672, the body of Brother Brocc, who had been traveling with Princess Gelgeis, King Colgu's betrothed, on a secret mission, was found and brought to  the Abbey of Gleann Da Loch. Fidelma, Eadulf and Enda were dispatched to the kingdom of Laigin to discover the truth, but were soon confronted by more deaths, warnings of demonic shapeshifters and brigands stealing gold and silver from the ancient mines, and rumors of a war between the Kingdoms of Laigin and Muman (see "The Shapeshifter's Lair"). In 675, Fidelma received a letter telling of the ultimate fates of Bishop Leodegar and some of those connected with the 670 Council of Autun (see the epilogue of "The Council of the Cursed"). Because of the death of her parents  at an early age, Fidelma grew up quite independent and self-reliant; at times she refuses to delegate gathering of evidence to anyone, even Eadfulf (although she does admit that Eadulf's "mind was just as sharp and penetrating as her own." - "The Council of the Cursed"). However, she suffered many betrayals in the past (Cian, Liadin, Abbess Ita of Cill Dara) so that she became extremely cautious with her emotions and it is not easy for her to become close to people; it took quite a long time for her to fully realize her feelings for Eadulf, and her  only close female friend/confidente is Della, a former prostitute (it is to Della that she turns to for comfort and counsel when she believes her marriage to Eadulf is in danger of falling apart). She also admits quite freely that one of her worst faults is her temper, and she is constantly amazed that Eadulf shows so much patience with her: "She knew that she could not really contemplate an existence without Eadulf's support. Who else would tolerate her sharp temper, which she accepted was her biggest fault?" "(The Chalice of Blood)" However, in spite of her self -confessed shortcomings, she has proven herself to be devoted to family and friends and a caring and loving wife and mother (although she does wish that her duties as a "dalaigh" didn't cause her to be away from her son so often and for so long). Brother Eadulf. Brother Eadulf has appeared in all but three of the "Sister Fidelma" series of mystery novels, set in 7th-century Ireland. An Angle by birth from Seaxmund's Ham (today "Saxmundham") in the Kingdom of East Anglia (Eadulf refers to himself as an "Angle", while almost everybody else refers to him  as "Saxon", much to his annoyance), Eadulf was raised as a hereditary "gerefa", or reeve, of his people. Eadulf was converted to Christianity by an Irish monk named Fursa sometime before the novels begin and subsequently educated in Ireland, studying first at Daru (Durrow) then medicine at the great medical school of Tuaim Brecain. He then undertook a pilgrimage to Rome to understand the differences between the ideas of the Church of Rome and those of the Church of Ireland, remaining there studying for two years and returning as a follower of Rome. In the novel "The Devil's Seal , it is learned that he has a younger brother Egric, who, although both brothers were converted to Christianity, chose to follow the path of the warrior and that due to lack of news about him Eadulf believed Egric to be dead. It is also learned in the same novel that Eadulf's mother died from ergot poisoning when Eadulf was fifteen and that his father died from the Yellow Plague three years later. In the novel Absolution by Murder", which is set during the Synod of Whitby, Brother Eadulf was part of the deputation from Canterbury to the Synod, where  he met Sister Fidelma for the first time. After the Synod's conclusion, both joined a party to Rome. After the events of "Shroud for the Archbishop" in Rome, Fidelma returned to Ireland while Eadulf remained in Rome as secretary to the new Archbishop of Canterbury Theodore of Tarsus. Later, he was sent to Cashel as Theodore's emissary and was reunited with Fidelma in "The Subtle Serpent". After the events of that novel, he returned to Cashel with Fidelma and in subsequent novels they became almost inseparable companions and collaborators. Eadulf and Fidelma's intellectual and personal relationship develops  throughout the series, despite another separation in which Eadulf (reluctantly and partly at Fidelma's insistence) intended to return to Canterbury. However, he almost never made it back to Britain, as at the abbey of Fearna he was charged with rape and murder and almost hanged (a predicament that it seemed Fidelma would be unable to rescue him from). Eadulf convinced Fidelma to accompany him to Canterbury, and after concluding his business with Archbishop Theodore, he returned to Ireland with Fidelma. In 667, they entered into a trial marriage of a year and a day, during which their son Alchu  was born. In February 668, Eadulf and Fidelma celebrated a permanent marriage (see "A Prayer for the Damned"). Unfortunately, as time passed, Eadulf's devotion to the world of the Faith began to clash with Fidelma's growing ambition to pursue a secular life devoted to the law. A serious emotional and physical breach was made between them when Fidelma announced her decision to renounce her religious vows and Eadulf sadly realized that he could not change her mind (see "The Dove of Death" and "The Chalice of Blood"). "The Chalice of Blood" concluded with Fidelma telling Eadulf that she  had made her decision about her future and now he must come to a decision about his own, which he did ... accepting her decision and supporting her, but still remaining a Brother. Tremayne uses Brother Eadulf's status as an outsider to the Celtic communities in which many of his and Fidelma's cases take place to provide explanations about legal and cultural matters to his readers. This allows Tremayne to include many details about the history of the Celtic church and society, without overtly appearing to educate. Being a foreigner, Eadulf's status in Ireland is originally that of  cu glas (which translates as "grey dog"), meaning an "exile from over the sea" and a person without legal standing or honor price "(for a definition of this term, see "Status" in Early Irish Law)"; however, his rank as "techtaire" (emissary or ambassador) between Archbishop Theodore and Fidelma's brother King Colgu gave him a high honor price of eight "cumals" (a "cumal" being the value of three cows) under Irish law (see "Our Lady of Darkness") and since his marriage to Fidelma (recognized and approved by her family) he is now considered a "deorad De" (an "exile of God ) and has an honor price of half that of Fidelma's but he is not entitled to make legal contracts without her permission (she is also responsible for any debts that he might incur) or have any legal responsibility in the raising of Alchu. Despite these legalities, he is treated as an equal and a friend and accepted as a member of Fidelma's family. After the events of Dancing with Demons" in the winter of 669–670, he was made a member of the "Nasc Naidh", an elite corps of bodyguards to the kings of Munster, by King Colgu and  entitled to wear the golden "torc" of that order. Brother Eadulf is a stolid man who provides a much-needed stability to Fidelma during emotionally difficult cases (he knows that her insecurity stems from both her parents dying when she was very young). In many of the novels, Tremayne uses the same phrases (with some slight variations) to describe Fidelma and Eadulf's intellectual relationship: Eadulf's courage and love of family are undeniable (proven many times, including his rescue of their son Alchu in "The Leper's Bell" and of Fidelma herself in "The Seventh Trumpet"). His medical knowledge  and assistance is often very valuable as well (especially in "The Devil's Seal" when he must perform an emergency amputation), and Fidelma has often admitted that Eadulf has an uncanny ability to see the obvious that she has overlooked. On one occasion (after a "cram course" in the Law of the "Fenechus") he acted as Fidelma's advocate to successfully get her released when she was charged with murder (see "Valley of the Shadow"), although his use of a bluff to get a witness to admit to being paid for his testimony and thus discredit it shocked her sensibilities  as a "dalaigh", and he was able to provide a provision of law (much to Fidelma's surprise) that allowed her to provide an argument that led to the uncovering of a murderer (see "The Chalice of Blood"). In "The Seventh Trumpet", he demonstrated his own powers of deduction to such a degree that Fidelma remarked, "Every day, you become more and more a Brehon"; in "The Chalice of Blood", she tells him: "As far as I am concerned, without you, your advice, your ability to analyse, I would not have succeeded in many of the investigations we have undertaken  ... you will forever be my soul-mate, my "anam chara", and if you go my soul will die." Part of Eadulf's charm is his honest humility, and despite all he has accomplished and the fame and respect he has earned while working with Fidelma he considers himself to be quite an ordinary man (much to the amusement of Brother Conchobar, who in "A Prayer for the Damned" pointed out to him that Fidelma would never have chosen an ordinary man to share her life with). He is not a person who always feels comfortable in the hustle and bustle  of a major castle town like Cashel, and often wishes that he and Fidelma could retire to a mixed religious community in a more secluded area (although that dream had to be given up when Fidelma renounced the religious life). He is very humorous about his own shortcomings (including poor horsemanship and seasickness) and is normally a very tolerant and even-tempered person, but on a few occasions Eadulf has been provoked to the point where he has indeed lost his temper with another person and with Fidelma herself, much to her astonishment (see "The Leper's Bell" and "The  Chalice of Blood"). Nominally he remains an adherent to the Church of Rome (he still wears a Roman tonsure), but over time, due in part to his debates with Fidelma, in part to his long-term residence and personal experiences in Eireann and in part to his personal interactions with both local and foreign Church dignitaries, his views have become much more moderate to the point where he has realized that he cannot blindly follow the changes in the Faith that come from Rome, such as and including the increased call for religious celibacy and the continual attempt to  supplant the Laws of the "Fenechus" with the Penitentials. Themes. In the course of the series, Sister Fidelma journeys to many different parts of Western Europe, including Ireland, Wales, Northumbria, Hispania, Brittany, Francia and Rome. The differences between the societies she encounters and her native country is an ongoing theme throughout the series. Through Fidelma's adventures, Peter Tremayne introduces his readers to his views and interpretations of events and conflicts of 7th century Ireland. Major themes in the Sister Fidelma series include: "Inter-Societal Themes": Differences between Celtic society and other societies of the time "Intra-Societal Themes": Issues  within Celtic society itself. "Religious Themes"