French ironclad Triomphante
Triomphante ("Triumphant") was the third and last ship of the of wooden-hulled, armored corvettes built for the French Navy during the 1870s. Her construction was delayed for years and the navy took advantage of the extended construction time to upgrade her armament in comparison to the lead ship, . She and her half-sister "La Galissonnière" participated in a number of battles during the Sino-French War of 1884–85. The ship remained in Asia and never returned to France after the war. She was condemned in 1896 and sold in 1903. Design and description. The "La Galissonnière"-class  ironclads were designed as faster, more heavily armed versions of the s by Henri Dupuy de Lôme. They used the same central battery layout as their predecessors, although the battery was lengthened to provide enough room to work the larger guns. "Triomphante" and her sister ship were modified by Constructor Sabattier who reduced the number of screws from two to one to improve their sailing qualities by reducing the drag from the stationary propellers, added an bow chaser under the forecastle and increased the caliber and number of the secondary armament. "Triomphante" was between perpendiculars and had a beam of  . She had a mean draft of and displaced . Her crew numbered between 352 and 382 officers and men. Propulsion. "Triomphante" had a single vertical compound steam engine driving a single propeller. Her engine was powered by four oval boilers. During sea trials her engine produced and the ship reached . She only carried of coal which allowed her to steam for at a speed of . "Victorieuse" was also ship-rigged with three masts and had a sail area of . Armament. "Triomphante" mounted four of her six 240-millimeter Modèle 1870 breech-loading guns in the central battery on the battery deck . The other two 240-millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck, sponsoned out over the sides of the ship, just forward of the funnel. A 194-millimeter breech-loading chase gun was fitted under the forecastle. "Triomphante"s secondary armament of six breech-loading guns was also mounted on the upper deck. The armor-piercing shell of the 19-caliber 240 mm gun weighed while the gun itself weighed . It had a muzzle velocity of and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 20-caliber 194 mm gun  fired an armor-piercing shell while the gun itself weighed . The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 138 mm gun was 21 calibers long and weighed . It fired a explosive shell with velocity of . The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells. For defense against torpedo boats the ship also mounted four Hotchkiss 5-barrel revolving guns. They fired a shell weighing about at a muzzle velocity of about to a range of about . They had a  rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute. "Triomphante" also received several towed Harvey torpedoes. Armor. The "La Galissonnière"-class ships had a complete wrought iron waterline belt, approximately high laid over of wood. The sides of the battery itself were armored with of wrought iron backed by of wood and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness. The barbette armor was thick. The unarmored portions of their sides were protected by thin iron plates. Service. "Triomphante" was laid down at Rochefort on 5 August 1869 and launched on 28 March 1877. While the  exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known, the budget for the French Navy was cut after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 and the French dockyards had not been reformed with working practices more suitable for the industrial age. The ship was commissioned as the flagship of the Pacific Squadron on 17 October 1880 under the command of Rear Admiral Brossard du Corbigny. On 15 February 1883 she became flagship of the Levant Squadron () under Rear Admiral Conte. On 28 May the admiral was ordered to shift his flag as "Triomphante" was ordered to Saigon. "Triomphante", and  her half-sister "La Galissonnière", were assigned to the Far East Squadron in 1884, under the command of Vice Admiral Amédée Courbet, and participated in several actions during the Sino-French War of 1884–85. Both ships fought in the Battle of Fuzhou, "Triomphante" sinking the wooden gunboat "Zhenwei", and destroying coastal defenses defending the Min River. They supplied landing parties during the Battle of Tamsui in October 1884, but they were forced to retreat by Chinese troops, albeit at only a few casualties (5 killed and 10 wounded). "Triomphante" helped to capture the Pescadore Islands in March 1885 during the  Pescadores Campaign, losing two killed and five wounded from her landing party. She became the flagship of the Far East Squadron on 1 April 1885 and remained as such until 5 February 1894 when she was reduced to reserve. "Triomphante" was condemned on 18 July 1896 and sold for scrap in 1903.