Üner Kırdar
Üner Kirdar (born 1 January 1933) is a noted author on international development issues, retired Turkish diplomat and senior United Nations official. He is one of the early pioneers of Human development theory and, since the mid-1980s, has advocated and worked for the concept’s worldwide adoption. Beginning in the late 1970s, Kirdar co-authored a series of volumes articulating the key themes and debates emerging from the Society for International Development’s North South Roundtables. This series of expert group meetings involved a cross-section of leading international development experts, policy-makers and practitioners. The publications from  these meetings were the foundation for the development and launch of Human development theory and, subsequently, the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Human Development Report. Through his extensive writings, lectures and initiatives, including his establishment of UNDP’s Development Study Programme, Kirdar’s 40-year career has been dedicated to promoting the insight and the practical application of international development concepts, including a focus on how international cooperation can help better the human condition. Education. Born in Izmir, Turkey on 1 January 1933, Kirdar completed his high-school studies at Galatasaray High School and graduated from the Faculty of  Law, Istanbul University. He completed his post-graduate studies at the London School of Economics and received his Doctorate in International Economics and Law from Jesus College, Cambridge, in England (1962). Professional career. Kirdar has held senior positions in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey) (1957-1972), including serving as Director for International Economic Organizations, Deputy Permanent Representative of the Republic of Turkey to the United Nations Office at Geneva. He represented Turkey in the UN General Assembly, the ECOSOC, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), UNDP and various UN conferences. He played a key role in the  passage of notable resolutions including: ‘Measures to promote private foreign investment to developing countries’ (UNCTAD I) (1963) which resulted the establishment of Multilateral Investment Insurance scheme (currently operated under the authority of the World Bank); ‘Measures to be taken at the national level to ensure better coordination for international policy making (ECOSOC) (1969); ‘Measures to convene the United Nations Conference on Environment’ (ECOSOC) (1970); and ‘Establishment of World Tourism Organization’ (ECOSOC) (1971). Kirdar was twice honored with ‘Outstanding Services Award’. In 1978 he was promoted, in absentia, to the rank of ambassador. Following his career with the Turkish Foreign Service , Kirdar served the UN Secretariat in various high level capacities, including as a Senior Officer in the Office of the Secretary General of the United Nations; Secretary of the High-Level Group of Experts on the Restructuring of the UN system (1975); Secretary of the first UN Conference on Human Settlements (HABITAT), in Vancouver (1976); Director of External Relations and the Governing Council Secretariat of the United Nations Development Programme (1980–1992); Director of UNDP Development Study Programme (1981–96); Special Representative of the Secretary General and the Coordinator of the Second UN Conference on Human Settlements (HABİTAT II) in Istanbul (1994–96 ); Senior Advisor to the Administrator of UNDP (1992–98); and Senior Advisor to the President of the 49th session of UN General Assembly, to organize first ever UN World Hearings on Development. From 1993 to 1997 Kirdar was President of the New York Chapter of the Society for International Development, the leading international non-profit focused on international development issues. Another noticeable diplomatic achievement of Kirdar, during his UN career, was the critical role he played in 1979, in the formulation of the first program of Assistance of the United Nations system to the Palestinian People. This unpublicized economic peace agreement  between the Israeli Government and Palestinian Authority formed the basis of subsequent assistance programs championed by the international community. Achievements. Human development theory. One of Kirdar’s accomplishments during his United Nations career was as one of the early and main conceptual leaders of Human development theory. Through his own extensive writings and by spearheading a series of expert group meetings, Kirdar helped to develop and launch a concept which has now become a core area of work for UNDP and the UN. According to Kirdar’s writings, Human Development is the process which enables people to release their inner  human energy towards developing their education, health, culture, well-being, skills, capacities, effectiveness, creativities, and competitiveness in order to serve themselves and ultimately their communities. Mutually, society and government have the primary responsibility to ensure people the necessary environment and means to enable the realization of this process, as well as to guarantee maximum political, economic and social freedom and rights to them for this purpose. This definition and concept is more closely related to the capability approach, championed by economists including Amartya Sen, in contrast to basic needs approach, first introduced by the International Labour Organization (ILO), which dominated  the formulation and analyses of most of the annual UNDP Human Development Reports. UNDP Development Study Programme. In 1981, Kirdar established the UNDP Development Study Programme. As its founding Director, he organized more than 20 international round-table meetings as well as high-level expert seminars and lectures. The Study Programme also organized the annual UNDP Paul G. Hoffman Lecture which honored distinguished leaders including former President of Costa Rica Oscar Arias Sanchez (1995 “The Arms Bazaar”). These events helped connect a cross-sectoral group of global thinkers and practitioners who helped to guide the conceptual direction of UNDP. The  meetings, held from 1983 to 1996, brought together over 1,500 renowned international policy makers, leaders of private and public enterprises, representatives of the media, non-governmental organizations and academia. These included: academics such as U.S. Economist and Nobel Laureate Lawrence Klein, international leaders such as Prince Hassan bin Talal of Jordan and former President of the Club of Rome. The expert papers and outcomes of these roundtables provided critical strategic and intellectual input to UNDP and the multilateral community on issues ranging from political, economic, and social development; environmental sustainability, and the impact of ICT on the human condition. The  UNDP Development Study Programme thrived under Kirdar’s leadership and his fundraising ability. Following his retirement, the UNDP Development Study Programme was elevated to become the UNDP Office of Development Studies.