Borna, Leipzig
Borna () is a town in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, capital of the Leipzig district. It is situated approximately 30 km southeast of Leipzig city. It has approx. 19,000 inhabitants. The town is the district seat of the district of Leipzig. Geography. Borna is located about south of Leipzig. The river Wyhra flows through the town. The surrounding landscape has been influenced by open-cast coal mining. The town lies in the middle of Central German Metropolitan Region, with Leipzig distant, Gera , Chemnitz , Halle , and Dresden . Neighboring large towns are Altenburg, away, Grimma, and Zeitz . History. Pre -history and Middle Ages. The current site of Borna town was originally two settlements; Altstadt (the old town) and Wenigborn. Before the foundation of the town, there had been a water castle since the 9th Century. The first written mention of the town of Borna was recorded in 1251. Borna was burnt to the ground five times during the wars of the Middle Ages. 19th Century Onwards. Since the early 19th century the landscape around Borna has been shaped by open-cast mining of brown coal (lignite) with an apex in the 1980s. For the last 20 years there have  been huge efforts to revegetate this landscape e. g. by flooding opencast pits and creating new lakes as well as planting thousands of trees. The industrialization of the town coincided with the start of lignite mining around 1800. The lignite industry was predominant in the region until recently. Railway. On January 14, 1867, with the completion of the Borna-Neukieritzsch line, Borna joined the German railway network. From Neukieritszch the line connected with the Saxon-Bavarian railway line between Leipzig and Hof. This rail connection was financed by a partnership between private concerns and the town and was the only  municipal railway in the Kingdom of Saxony. On April 8, 1872 the link was extended via Geithain to Chemnitz, creating the Neukieritzsch–Chemnitz railway. In October 2007 the 14th century romanesque building of Emmaus Church in Heuersdorf ( from Borna) was cut from the ground and relocated in Martin Luther Square of Borna . The church's journey took a number of days.