Atatürk Bridge
Atatürk Bridge, alternatively known as the Unkapanı Bridge, is a highway bridge on the Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey. It is named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. It was originally completed in 1836, named "Hayratiye Bridge", and connected the quarters of Unkapanı and Azapkapı. The construction of the Hayratiye Bridge was ordered by the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II and supervised by Ahmed Fevzi Pasha, the Deputy Admiral of the Ottoman Fleet, at the Imperial Naval Arsenal ("Tersâne-i Âmire") on the Golden Horn. The opening was personally attended by  Sultan Mahmud II in 1836, who crossed the bridge on his horse. The original bridge was about long and wide, and was built as a bascule bridge to accommodate the passage of large ships. In 1875 it was replaced by a second bridge, made of iron and constructed by a French company at the price of 135,000 Ottoman gold liras. It was long and wide, and remained in service between 1875 and 1912, when it was demolished due to reaching the end of its service life. In 1912, the nearby Third Galata Bridge was disassembled and was reassembled at the  site of the demolished Hayratiye Bridge, becoming the third bridge on this site. It was used until 1936, when it was damaged by a storm. The current (fourth) bridge on this site was constructed between 1936 and 1940, and entered service in 1940 with the name "Atatürk Bridge". It is long and wide.