Adrenaline (album)
Adrenaline is the debut studio album by American alternative metal band Deftones, released on October 3, 1995 by Maverick Records. The majority of the album was produced by Terry Date, while a hidden track titled "Fist" was produced by Ross Robinson. Background and recording. Stephen Carpenter, Abe Cunningham and Chino Moreno were high school friends. All three went to Sacramento's C. K. McClatchy High School together, and participated in the city's skateboarding scene. Carpenter was a fan of heavy metal; Moreno was interested in hardcore punk bands such as Bad Brains as well as post-punk  and new wave bands such as Depeche Mode and The Cure. When Moreno learned that Carpenter was a guitarist, he set up a jam session with Cunningham, who played drums. The trio began playing regularly in Carpenter's garage around 1988. They recruited bassist Dominic Garcia some time after, and the band became a four-piece. When Cunningham left Deftones to join Phallucy, another band from Sacramento, Garcia switched instruments and became the band's drummer. Chi Cheng filled the void as bassist, and the band recorded a four-track demo soon afterwards. Regarding the recording, drummer Abe Cunningham said , "At the time we did the first record – which I really like and think is good – you can tell the band was really young. We'd been playing most of those songs for quite a while, and we were just so happy to be making a record that we didn't really think a whole lot about making the songs better". Frontman Chino Moreno felt that "Adrenaline" was recorded "really fast", and he performed all his vocals live with the band in the room using a hand-held Shure SM58 microphone. Composition. Musically, "Adrenaline" has been described as alternative metal , post-hardcore, and nu metal. Promotion. "7 Words" was released as the first promotional single from the album on December 17, 1995. It was followed by "Bored", issued as the second promotional single on April 4, 1996. Music videos were released for "7 Words" and "Bored". The song "Engine No. 9" was also featured in the film "Law Abiding Citizen". Deftones performed heavily throughout North America to support the album, going on tours with Handsome, Korn, White Zombie and Super 8 (whose vocalist helped discover Deftones). They also opened for Kiss on their Alive/Worldwide Tour. Reception. "Adrenaline" was praised  for its new, innovative sound, with critics initially comparing it to a diverse range of acts such as Helmet, Nine Inch Nails, the Cure, Korn, Nirvana, and the Smashing Pumpkins. In 1995, Jon Wiederhorn of "Pulse" stated that ""Adrenaline" pitches between gloom-saturated melodies and explosive riffs, lashing out like a sleep-deprived paranoiac awakened by noisy neighbors. The rhythms are crisp and crafty and the vocals resonate both fury and sensitivity in a way that's similar to, but far more blatantly metallic than Nirvana". Critic Katherine Turman wrote in January 1996, "If this is what heavy metal is  evolving into, it's a damn good thing". Giving the album 3 out of 4 stars in her 1996 review, "Los Angeles Times" critic Sandy Masuo praised the album's nuance and blend of musical extremes and various influences: "On the outside, Sacramento's Deftones are all pummeling rhythms and high anxiety, but delving further into the music turns up some surprising nuances: traces of post-punk pop, tinges of rap, a pinch of industrial grit. Chino Moreno rants, sobs, croons and even works some Middle Eastern overtones into his vocals, while Stephen Carpenter's guitar shifts from coarse outbursts  to crisp Helmet-ine precision. A bracing blend of extremes". In his 1996 review, Tomas Pascual of "Livewire" magazine similarly noted the album's subtle yet diverse musical influences and the juxtaposition of loud and heavy with soft and melodic: "There are many bands these days that lay claim to a diverse section of influences. But no one band is as subtly boisterous about their eclectic mix as are Deftones. [...] Deftones' course is piloted by vocalist and frontman Chino Moreno, who expresses his smooth, melodic lyrics emotionally one minute before giving way to abrasive, maddened screams the next. Backed by  the serene and apocalyptic guitar of Stephen Carpenter, this Yin-Yang formula keeps Deftones' debut "Adrenaline" progressively contagious". Retrospective reviews. In a retrospective AllMusic review of the album, Daniel Gioffre wrote, "Unlike many of their contemporaries, Deftones are very controlled even in the midst of chaos", adding, "Throw Abe Cunningham's surprisingly sophisticated drumming into the mix, and you have a band that possesses a far greater degree of nuance than most others that work in the genre". While he noted that "there is a bit of sameness in Chino Moreno's whispered vocal melodies, which drags the record down  a bit", Gioffre ultimately states that "[o]n later albums, the band's progressive tendencies become more developed, but the more straight-ahead material on Adrenaline does not disappoint. A promising debut." In the book "The Rough Guide to Heavy Metal", author Essi Berelian wrote that the album "still stands as one of the best examples of nu-metal". Writing for MetalSucks in June 2009, Carlos Ramirez noted that the wide range of musical influences in both "Adrenaline" and "Around the Fur" helped to establish the band in the underground music scene prior to their larger commercial breakthrough with third album  White Pony: "[Deftones'] first two albums, "Adrenaline" (1995) and "Around the Fur" (1997), were both chock full of bombastic guitars, new wave kissed vocal lines, and post-hardcore informed arrangements and their wide-scoped sound helped the Sacramento, CA band find audiences in various facets of the underground music scene". In critic Tim Karan's 20th anniversary assessment for Diffuser, he wrote: "For those who were swept up in the burgeoning nu-metal movement, 'Adrenaline' was a landmark, life-changing release. But Deftones never really were a true nu-metal band -- this album is more like hardcore-influenced post-hardcore  than 'Nookie' -- and it only scratched at the surface of the experimental metal Deftones would soon step into". Commercial performance. While the album was initially unsuccessful, extensive touring and word-of-mouth promotion built the band a dedicated fanbase and helped "Adrenaline" to sell over 220,000 copies. When asked what he attributed the album's success to, bassist Chi Cheng responded, "One word: perseverance. We've been together for almost eight years, on the road for two and we do it with honesty and integrity – and the kids can tell". The album was certified gold by the RIAA on July  7, 1999, in recognition of 500,000 units sold. It was eventually certified platinum on September 23, 2008, in recognition of 1,000,000 units sold. Track listing. Note Personnel. Credits taken from the CD liner notes. Deftones Technical