Declana atronivea
Declana atronivea, commonly called the North Island lichen or North Island zebra moth, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is one of only two insect species with asymmetrical wing markings. Taxonomy. "D. atronivea" was first described by Frances Walker in 1865 as "Detunda atronivea". Description. The larvae have a lumpy appearance and are brown and brownish-white in colour, growing to approximately 30 mm. In the early stages of their life they look similar to a bird dropping when curled on a leaf. When an adult "D. atronivea" has a  wingspan of between 40–45 mm. This moth is white with dark brown or black markings. It is very similar in appearance to its close relation the South Island lichen moth, "Declana egregia," but it has fewer dark markings and does not have the dark edges on the forewing. This gives "D. atronivea" a more mottled appearance; it also has a black rectangular mark on the back of the thorax. Hudson noted that "D. atronivea" "varies considerably in the size and shape of the black markings on the fore-wings, which are often slightly different on the opposite sides, in the  same specimen." "D. atronivea" is notable for being the only one of 180,000 Lepidoptera species with asymmetrical patterning: its wings are not mirror images of each other. It is one of only two species of insect with wing-colour asymmetry; the other is the mantis "Tithrone roseipennis". Distribution and habitat. "D. atronivea" is found in the North Island and in 1913 was regarded as being rare in Whanganui region but was noted as being very common about Mount Taranaki and Mount Ruapehu. It has also been found in Wellington, Otaki and Napier. Life stages. The eggs of "D. atronivea" are  laid from the end of October. They are oval in shape, slightly roughened on their surface and start out green in colour, turning a light blue shade covered with purple spots after approximately a week and then to a light purple colour just prior to hatching. The eggs are laid singularly and hatch after 11 days. Although the larvae are generally brownish or blackish green in colour they can vary in shade significantly. The pupae inhabit a light coloured cocoon which they form amongst leaves on the surface of the ground. The adults emerge in February and March. Some overwinter  as pupae while others transform into adult moths. Host plant. The host plants of the caterpillars of "D. atronivea" are "Pseudopanax" including "Pseudopanax arboreus" and "Pseudopanax crassifolium".