Rouïba
Rouïba or Rouiba () is a municipality of Algeria. It is located in the eastern suburbs of Algiers in one of the most healthy localities of Algeria. It is also the district seat of Rouïba District in Algiers Province. Its inhabitants are called Rouibéens. Capital of Oriental Mitidja, of agricultural vocation, Rouïba became an industrial city after the Second World War, with its territory being the first and the largest industrial area of the country which extends on , which makes it is one of the richest communes in Algeria. Geography. Toponymy. Rouïba is the name used by the inhabitants before  and after the French colonization. "What is incontrovertible is that its origin comes from the Arab or the Berber; as for its translation the opinions diverge". The origin could be a deformation of "Small wood": Location. Rouïba is located about east of Algiers. Topography. The municipality of Rouiba is entirely within the Plain of Mitidja. It borders neither the sea, nor the Atlas. The altitudes are all very low, of the order of 20 m, and even less than 10 m near the El Biar River which limits the town to the east. Everything is flat, with the small exception  of Haraoua ride in the far north, which reaches 50 m. In the Western part, the tight meanders of El Hamiz River emphasize the low slope of the river and flood risk, at least before the construction of the dam opened on the mountain in 1883 which has regularized the flow. Hydrography. The municipality is crossed by three wadis: Geology and relief. Rouiba is located in the eastern end of the Mitidja Plain, which is a zone of continuous subsidence, which has given rise to an active sedimentation whose elements come from the reliefs of Atlas of Blida. At the  end of the Pliocene and the Quaternary periods, two aquifer reservoirs became individualized. It is the Astien formed by limestones and sandstones of continental origin. The alluvial quaternary consists essentially of pebbles and gravel. These two reservoirs are separated throughout the plain by semi-permeable yellow marls of the El Harrach formation (Villafranchien) except at the Rouiba pocket where the two aquifers are in contact. These two aquifers rest on an impermeable substratum, generally constituted by the gray and blue marls of the Piacenzian. Routes of Communication and Transport. Roadways. National Roads Ways of Wilaya Public transport. Algiers Suburban Network , Line Algiers-Thénia: Rouïba station is served by the SNTF suburban train, the frequency is one train every 15 minutes at rush hour. Two other stations serve the industrial zone of Rouïba and SNVI. ETUSA bus network: The city of Rouïba is served by line 72 of ETUSA bus network, from Rouïba to Place du 8 mai 1945 Martyrs' Square . Subway: The Algiers Metro Company (EMA) had consulted foreign consulting firms to make proposals on the extension of the Algiers metro from Bab Ezzouar to Dar El Beida, Rouïba and Reghaia. Tram: The extension of the tram line from Algiers  to Ain Taya, Rouïba and Reghaïa is under study. Bus Stations There are three major bus stations that cover several destinations: Urban planning. Demographic dynamics. The coastline of Algiers region is experiencing a remarkable demographic dynamic, in its eastern periphery - composed of the set Sahel-Mitidja- accompanied by an important development of the built environment, following the saturation of the urban fabric of Algiers, linked to the topographical constraint of its port site, on the foothills of the old massif of Bouzaréah. The Algerian context during the period 1966-1977 is characterized by a high average annual growth rate (AAGR ) of the wilaya of Algiers which reflects the extent of the rural exodus. Outside the intercensal period 1966-1977, the central communes (hyper-center and city center) are characterized from the period 1977-1987 by negative AAGRs linked to the decrease of their population. The communes of Rouiba and Réghaia, as well as the wilaya of Algiers and the national territory preserve positive AAGR. The negative rates in the central communes and positive in Rouiba District communes reflect a correlation between these spatial entities, residing in the transfer of the population from the central districts to those of the periphery , notably the Eastern ones since 1987. Urban morphology. At the arrival of the French colonizers, there was Haouch Rouïba, Haouch Sbaat and Haouch ben Choubane less than 2 km from the road from Algiers to Dellys. In 1830, there was only the road from Dellys to Algiers and Rouïba was accessed by the path that passes the Muslim cemetery (El Guedhia) at the junction of the road of Fondouk (Khemis El-Khechna). By 1842, some concessions of to had been offered or sold to Europeans and this territory was integrated into the commune of Rassauta in 1846. In 1852, eight  farms existed. On the August 11th, 1853, under Napoleon III, the Council of the Government studies the project of foundation of a population center, on the road of Algiers to Dellys, at the junction of the road of Ain Taya, where the Engineering military had just commissioned an artesian well. On October 31, 1853, the decree of creation was published of the population center named Rouïba, composed of 22 feux on a territory of . On August 22, 1861, Rouïba became a commune of full exercise. In 1872, the last modifications of the boundaries of the commune of Rouïba which extended  on and had a population of 440 Europeans and 1084 Muslims took place. History. Due to its geographical position, the region has always favored human presence since the prehistoric period. Climate. Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa)