Sayuti Melik
Mohamad Ibnu Sayuti, known as Sayuti Melik (November 22, 1908 – February 27, 1989) was an Indonesian typist. He helped type a copy of the proclamation of independence, which was proclaimed by Sukarno on August 17, 1945. He was the husband of Soerastri Karma Trimurti, a journalist and activist in the women's rights and Indonesian independence movements. Early life. Melik was born in 1908 in Sleman, Yogyakarta. He went to Loro Ongko School in the village of Srowolan, and after that continued his education in Yogyakarta. His father had instilled nationalism in him since his childhood as his  father opposed the Dutch government's decision to use his fields to grow tobacco. While studying at a school in Solo in 1920, he learned about nationalism from his Dutch history teacher, HA Zurink. In his teenage years, he was interested in reading the Islamic magazine" ""movements of Islam" under leadership of KH Misbach in Kauman, Solo, a left-leaning scholar. Many people at the time, including Muslim leaders, saw Marxism as an ideology of the struggle against colonialism. The first acquaintance with Bung Karno occurred in London in 1926. Conflicts with authorities. His writings on politics caused him to  be detained multiple times by the Dutch. He was arrested in 1926 for allegedly helping the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), and subsequently exiled to Boven Digul from 1927 until 1933. In 1936, he was arrested in England, and was imprisoned in Singapore for a year. After being released expulsed from the British territory, he was recaptured by the Dutch and taken to Jakarta, and put into a cell at Central Gang from 1937 until 1938. Upon return from exile, Sayuti met with S. K. Trimurti, and engaged in a variety of movements and activities together and on July 19, 1938 , they got married. In the same year, they founded the newspaper "koran pesat" in Semarang, which was published three times a week with a circulation of two thousand copies. Because the income was small, the couple was forced to perform a variety of jobs, including editorial, printing, sales distribution and subscriptions. S. K. Trimurti and Sayuti Melik went in and out of jail due to their writings critical of the Dutch government. Suyuti, as a former political prisoner exiled to Boven Digul, was spied on by the Dutch intelligence service (PID). At the time of the Japanese occupation, the Japanese  seized the March 1942 edition of koran pesat and the Kempetai arrested S. K. Trimurti. The Japanese also suspected that Sayuti was a communist. On March 9, 1943, inaugurated the establishment of Putera (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat) headed by the "Gang of Four" Sukarno, Moh. Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, and Kyai Mas Mansoer. Sukarno asked the Japanese government to free S. K. Trimurti, to take her to Jakarta to work for Putera, and then for the Java Hookoo Kai, Devotional Association of People All Java. Then S. K. Trimurti and Sayuti Melik could live relatively peacefully but Sayuti remained by Sukarno 's side. PPKI membership. The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) was founded on August 7, 1945 and chaired by Sukarno, replacing the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK). There were initially 21 members, but, unbeknownst to the Japanese, the membership grew by 6 people including Sayuti Melik. Rengasdengklok events. Sayuti Melik was a member of the" 'Menteng 31"' group, which played a role in the kidnapping of Sukarno and Hatta on August 16, 1945. The young fighters, including Chaerul Saleh, Sukarni, and Wikana, with Shodancho Singgih, a member of PETA (Pembela Tanah Air), and another young man , brought Sukarno along with Fatmawati, Sukarno's 9-month-old son Guntur, and Hatta, to Rengasdengklok. The aim was to ensure that Sukarno and Hatta were not persuaded or affected in any way by the Japanese. There, they re-assured Sukarno that Japan had surrendered and the fighters were ready to fight the Japanese, no matter what. In Jakarta, youth groups, Wikana, and groups of older people, namely Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo, started to negotiate. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo agreed to proclaim the independence of Indonesia in Jakarta. Then he asked Yusuf Ahmad Soebardjo Kunto to go Rengasdengklok. They brought Sukarno and  Hatta back to Jakarta. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo managed to convince the youths to not hastily declare independence. Proclamation manuscript. The Declaration of Independence was composed by Sukarno, Hatta and Achmad Subardjo at the home of Japanese Rear Admiral Maeda. Sukarni and Melik were present as witnesses on behalf of the revolutionary youths. When finished, at dawn on August 17, 1945, the draft text of the proclamation was read to the audience. However, the youth group rejected it as they regarded the text as a product of the Japanese. Amidst the tense atmosphere, Melik put forward the idea of Sukarno and  Hatta signing the Declaration of Independence on behalf of Indonesia. After they consented, Sayuti immediately typed up a revised version of the declaration stating it was made on behalf of Indonesia rather than saying Sukarno and Hatta were representatives of the Indonesian people. Post-independence era. After the Indonesian Independence, he became a member of Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP). In 1946 on the orders of Mr. Amir Syarifuddin, he was arrested by the Indonesian government as he was considered close to the "persautia perjuangan" (Union of struggle) and was considered to be a conspirator involved in the 3 July  affair . After being questioned by the Army Court, he was found not guilty. During the Second Dutch Military Aggression, the Dutch arrested and imprisoned him in Ambarawa. He was released after the completion of Dutch-Indonesia Round Table Conference. In 1950, he was appointed a member of the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) and Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) as Deputy of the Force '45 and became a Deputy Scholar. Death. Sayuti Melik died on February 27, 1989, after a year of illness, at the age of 80. He was buried in Kalibata Heroes Cemetery.