Taennchel
The Taennchel is one of the summits of the Vosges Mountains, rising to . The Taennchel rises at the East of France, in the département of Haut-Rhin (region Alsace), halfway between Strasbourg to the North and Mulhouse to the South, around from both cities. The general area around the crest, which is 6 km long, is enigmatic. The ground is strewn with rocks and various inscriptions, many of them undeciphered and remaining mysterious. Another curiosity is the "pagan wall" which covers its sides and whose origin is unknown. The summit shelters numerous vegetable and animal species, including the lynx , which was reintroduced to the area during the 20th century. Geography. Location. The peak of the mountain, situated opposite to the Haut-Koenigsbourg, in the massif des Vosges, separates the valley of Ribeauvillé from the val de Lièpvre on a surface of about 800 hectares. On the north-east of the Taennchel hides the village of Thannenkirch, and south from the mountain can be reached the old glass arts of the Ribeaupierre which overhang the rocky blocks of the Mittelberg (about 600 metres), the Venuskopf and the Schelmenkopf (905 m). The Taennchel is one of the summits which, from west  to east, make up the continental divide between the basin of the Liepvrette up north and the one of the Strengbach down south. It's a huge mountain, its sides are widely open and strongly backed up on the side of the valley of the Liepvrette, while on the opposite side towards Ribeauvillé, it hollows out vertically in a grandiose cirque around the small twin valleys of the Big and Little Glass Art. The Taennchel has the shape of a crescent extending on almost 4 kilometers from the rock of the Rammelstein which is 988 meters high to the mountain  which overhangs the low Taennchel from where can be seen the three ruined castles belonging to the sires of Ribeaupierre : Haut-Ribeaupierre, Saint-Ulrich and Girsberg. North-West can be reached the forest area of the Hury (named in old documents "Jefurthe") which belong to Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines. The forests of the Hury, Hinterwald and Kaelblin were part of the goods of the priory of Lièpvre until the high Middle Age as shown by the Charlemagne charter signed in 774. Then the Hinterwald and the Kaelblin were taken up by the Alsatian neighbours following the change of those villages  landlords, hence frequent frictions between the monks of Saint-Denis' abbey and the Alsatian towns. Those disputes poisoned relations between Alsace and Saint-Denis' abbey and also the Duchy of Lorraine until 1718. Aside the North-East point rises the Rock of Crows which dominates an abrupt side and lets appear rocks with strange and impressive bends. A bit farther stands the Rock-shelter with the shape of a cave. The Pointed Rock (or Sharp Rock) looks like a seated boar. Bad weather, winds and storms gnawed at its outward side, letting visible quartzite stones of several colours. Not far  from this place stand cracked rocks, made of huge units and a bit farther can be seen the beginning of the pagan wall. According to tradition this place was dedicated to hunting, and the Lords of Ribeaupierre shut away and fed there stags and does. However this place was not intended for such a use, for the reason that its wall isn't closed and could never have been built for that use. Hydrology. There are three sources south of the massif that supply with water the Ilbach and the Beam of the Petite Verrerie and an eastern source from  which waters all flow into the Strengbach upstream from Ribeauvillé. At North, the number of harnessed sources is the most important and they supply with water the Liepvrette. Geology. The Taennchel stands on a basis of gneiss from Precambrian, its base is made of granite from the upper Carboniferous (about 300 million years) and is covered with a strong sheet of sandstone from the Triassic (about 200 million years) which wraps in horizontal layers the summits and the sides of the mountain. Etymology. Some say that the "Thannen" fir would have given its name to the massif of Taennchel ; other  say it would come from "Tan" or "Taen" which means oak bark. According to Robert Forrer, a famous archaeologist who studied the Mont Sainte-Odile between 1898 and 1899 and published several books or articles devoted to medieval time, "Taennchel" would come from the Gallic word "dunon" or "dunom" which meansfortified wall. The name "Taennchel" was first quoted in an archive document from 1357. Its name appears then under various spellings : "Taennchel" in 1441, "Thennichel" in 1473, "Dannchel" in 1538, "Tenchel" in 1416, "Thaennchel", "Tannchel", "Dannichel", "Taennchel", "Tännel" in 1871 and "Taennchel" starting to 1918.