Alicyclobacillaceae
The Alicyclobacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria. All members of this family are aerobic and form endospores. The family contains four genera: "Alicyclobacillus", "Effusibacillus", "Kyrpidia", and "Tumebacillus". When originally created in 2009, Alicyclobacillaceae was a monophyletic family, only including genus "Alicyclobacillus". In 2011, the novel genus "Kyrpidia" was proposed and placed in family Alicyclobacillaceae, and "Tumebacillus" was placed into the family as well. In 2014, the novel genus "Effusibacillus" was proposed and added as the fourth member of Alicyclobacillaceae. "Alicyclobacillus" is the largest genus in Alicyclobacillaceae, with over 20 validly published species. The species are all acidophilic  and have thermally resistant endospores. Many species are common soil organisms. Certain "Alicyclobacillus" species (especially "A. acidoterrestris") have been implicated in spoilage of pasteurized fruit juice. "Effusibacillus" contains three species (as of 2019). Members of this genus have been isolated from a lake in Japan, a lake in Antarctica, and from the blood of a woman. "E. lacus" and "E. pohliae" are both thermophiles, with optimum growth temperatures above 50 °C, while the optimum growth temperature for "E. consociatus" is 30 °C. "Kyrpidia" contains two species (as of 2019). Both species of "Kyrpidia" have been isolated from areas  of high volcanic activity in Tuscany, Italy, and the Azores. The optimum temperature for growth for both members of the genus is approximately 55 °C. "Tumebacillus" contains 8 species. Members of this genus have been isolated from arctic permafrost, soil samples, cassava wastewater, decomposing algal scum, river water, and the gut of a vulture. "Tumebacillus" was found during surveys of nasal airways of infants, an underground subway in Norway, and a mountain observatory in Austria. No member of Alicyclobacillaceae has been found to be infectious. "Effusibacillus consociatus" was isolated from human blood and "Tumebacillus" was found during a survey  of nasal airways of infants, but in neither instance were the bacteria found to be the cause of infection.