The National (TV program)
The National (officially CBC News: The National) is a Canadian national television news program which serves as the flagship broadcast for the English-language news division of CBC News by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It reports on major Canadian and international news stories, airing on CBC Television stations nationwide weeknights and Sundays at 10:00 p.m. local time (10:30 p.m. NT). The program is also aired on CBC News Network; on weekdays, the initial version that airs live to Atlantic Canada on the main network is simulcast on CBC News Network at 9:00 p.m. ET, with several  repeat broadcasts overnight. Until August 2005, "The National" was seen in the United States on the defunct Newsworld International channel; the program continues to be aired occasionally on C-SPAN when that network wants to provide coverage of a major Canadian news story, or a Canadian angle for a world or American event. "The National" and other CBC newscasts, including CBC owned-and-operated stations' (O&Os) early-evening local newscasts, are streamed on the CBC website; those residing outside of Canada may not be able to view some content. Format. "The National" used to run a news headlines segment for  20 to 25 minutes without commercial interruption. This format has been relaxed or reinstated at various points over the years. Subsequent segments would consist of documentaries or other feature reports, either in the form of a separate program ("The Journal" or "The Magazine") or as additional segments of the main program. The opening segment generally runs 15 to 20 minutes, followed by additional segments of varying length featuring additional stories, features, or panel discussions. Long-form documentaries or feature reports are not as common as they were prior to 2009, but are featured from time to time, particularly during the  Friday and Sunday editions. The broadcast contains some live inserts but most of the broadcast's segments are taped prior to the program's airtime. Peter Mansbridge, as chief correspondent for CBC News, was the regular weeknight anchor, normally hosting from Monday to Thursday, but may host other nights if a significant news event has occurred. Mansbridge also regularly anchored on Fridays until the late 2000s; although CBC primetime promos on Fridays in the early 2010s often indicated that Mansbridge was the regular anchor that night as well, by that point Wendy Mesley was usually substituting, and she has since  become the permanent Friday anchor. Mesley had also been the Sunday anchor since September 2010, essentially a reprisal of her tenure as anchor of "" in the early 1990s, while Asha Tomlinson was the last regular Saturday anchor. From October 2009 to September 2012, weekday (and, on some stations, Sunday) airings on CBC O&Os ended at 10:55 with the anchor handing over to 10-minute local news bulletins that overlapped the normal 11:00 start time of the competing "CTV National News". On CBC News Network, the weekday editions continued to run a full hour during this period; separate final segments, both  pre-taped, were used for the 55- and 60-minute versions. Private affiliates, some of which had already been airing 11:00 p.m. local newscasts prior to the implementation of the 55-minute format, had the option of carrying either the 55- or 60-minute version. On September 17, 2012, with many CBC O&Os extending late local news to 30 minutes, "The National" reverted to a single 60-minute format on weeknights and Sundays. (Those stations which continue to produce 10-minute late local newscasts now air them starting at 11:00, followed by a condensed 20-minute version of "The Exchange  before rejoining the network schedule at 11:30.) From 2009 to 2017, a 30-minute Saturday edition of The National" (essentially a rebranding of the long-standing "Saturday Report") generally aired on CBC Television at 6:00 p.m. ET during the season of "Hockey Night in Canada" (or if other live CBC Sports broadcasts are scheduled for that evening), and 6:00 local (7:00 AT, 7:30 NT) otherwise, with updated editions throughout the evening on CBC News Network. However, beginning in the early 2010s, most CBC stations in eastern Canada began to carry local newscasts in that timeslot instead, or used a local  opt-out at 6:20 ET. Just before the fall 2017 relaunch, the Saturday edition was discontinued altogether in favour of additional segments of CBC News Network's rolling coverage, with the 6:00pm ET segment, simulcast on CBC Television in western Canada, serving as the CBC's "de facto" network TV newscast of record on Saturdays. History. "The National" began as "The National News" in 1954. Since 1952, there had been a five-minute national news bulletin on the fledgling CBC Television service - each bulletin would be read by a different reader, which the CBC's management realised resulted in a  disjoined broadcast. Program director Mavor Moore decided to choose a single newsreader for the program in order to create continuity. He hired veteran radio newsman Larry Henderson to anchor the broadcast which soon expanded to a nightly thirteen-minute program airing at 11 pm. Henderson, who had hoped to become Canada's answer to Edward R. Murrow, had spent several years travelling the world with his "Headliners" radio broadcast. He proved a temperamental newsreader who would occasionally swear on the air, respond in anger to cues to speed up his reading, and once walked off the set when a filmed  segment was not ready on cue. Henderson left the broadcast in 1959 and was succeeded by Earl Cameron, who had been presenter of the "National News Bulletin" on the CBC's main radio service, the Trans-Canada Network, since 1944. Changes in the philosophy of CBC News led to Cameron, a professional announcer rather than a journalist, being replaced by journalist Stanley Burke, in 1966. Though journalists were now reading the news, union regulations required a journalist acting as news anchor to leave the journalists' union and join the announcers' union and thus prohibited the anchor from doing anything other  than reading a script written by others. Burke anchored the show from 1966 until 1969 when he resigned in order to launch a public campaign on the Biafran civil war. Burke was replaced by Warren Davis, at which point the show was renamed "The National" and the program was broadcast in colour. From 1970, the program was anchored by Lloyd Robertson until he was hired away by the CTV Television Network, the CBC's rival, in 1976, largely as a result of Robertson's frustration at not being able to participate in the writing of the newscast due to union  rules. Peter Kent hosted the show for two years and, because he had worked as a senior correspondent with "CBC News Magazine" and "The National", he was allowed to report and write and anchor "The National" and CBC News Specials before leaving to return to work as a foreign correspondent. In 1978, Knowlton Nash—who had been director of news and current affairs, three management levels above being Kent's supervisor—became the newscast's new anchor, after winning an audition process whose result was upheld in arbitration. Inaccurate news reports had claimed Nash appointed himself to the role. During  Nash's tenure, the CBC was able to win formal concessions from its unions allowing working journalists to read the news, allowing Nash to assume the title of "Chief Correspondent" for CBC News. This allowed him to participate in the writing of the show's script as well as act as a news editor with influence over the stories selected for the newscast and other questions of editorial judgment. Nash stepped down as chief anchor in 1988 and was replaced by Peter Mansbridge. On January 11, 1982, "The National" was relaunched in the 10:00 p.m. timeslot with a modernized design  and format. "The Journal", a program that covered news stories in greater depth using interviews and documentaries, followed it at 10:22 p.m. One of the hosts of "The Journal" from the beginning was Barbara Frum, who quickly became a symbol of CBC News as she was not afraid to tackle the toughest and most controversial of issues. Frum died of chronic leukemia on March 26, 1992. Her final interview was with Canadian author Mordecai Richler, which took place just days before her death. That same year, the CBC, which was undergoing major changes, replaced "The National" and "The Journal" with  Prime Time News, an integrated package which aired at 9:00 p.m. with two hosts, Mansbridge and Pamela Wallin. However, the show fared poorly in the ratings, resulting in the competing "CTV National News" overtaking the CBC in national news ratings for the first time in its history, and returned to the 10 p.m. time slot in 1994. During this time, the title "The National" was retained by a separate newscast on CBC Newsworld, hosted by Alison Smith. In 1995, the main-network program reverted to the name "The National", hosted by Mansbridge, and was followed by "The National Magazine", hosted  by Hana Gartner. Brian Stewart later took the helm of the second program, which was retitled "The Magazine". It continued as a pseudo-separate program until the start of the federal election campaign of fall 2000, when the second half-hour was turned over to additional election coverage hosted by Mansbridge, under the moniker "Behind the Ballot". However, "The Magazine" did not return after the election, and Mansbridge continued to anchor the full hour. In early 2001, this integrated format was introduced as part of a revamp of the program; for a time, the latter part of the hour was  often titled "Documentary", on nights when such were featured; on other occasions, feature reports and/or panel discussions would be featured instead. The program acquired a new look and format in the eventful fall of that year with the CBC's latest corporate redesign. Beginning in the late 1990s, in an effort to provide an 11:00 p.m. alternative to the now-dominant "CTV National News", the CBC's owned-and-operated stations would repeat the news headline portion of "The National" at 11:00 p.m., followed (until summer 2000) by a half-hour local newscast at 11:30. This practice ended in October  2006, when "The Hour" began airing in that timeslot. Most private affiliates of the CBC did not broadcast the 11 p.m. airing. On January 9, 2006, "The National" adopted a new look as part of a major rebranding for CBC News, stemming mainly from an extensive study by the CBC into how to make news programming more relevant, particularly in the face of stiff competition from "CTV National News" and "Global National". The rebranding had been scheduled for September 2005 but was postponed because of the lengthy lockout that had just concluded at that time. The primary colour of CBC  News shifted from blue to red, not unlike BBC News. The CBC in summer 2006 briefly and aired "The National" at 11 p.m. on Tuesday nights in the Eastern Time Zone, in order to simulcast the American airing of "". "The One" received very low ratings on both ABC and CBC, and after two weeks "The National" returned to airing at 10 p.m. five nights a week as of July 31, 2006. In May 2007, "The National" launched a redesigned website featuring the latest broadcast, recent documentaries, and an extensive online archive that opens the floor for comments from the viewers . There is also a behind-the-scenes blog and video bios on many of the reporters. In December 2008, it was announced that as part of a larger series of planned changes surrounding CBC News, "Saturday Report" and "" were to be replaced by weekend editions of "The National" in 2009, citing that "The National" had better brand awareness than other CBC News properties. These changes took effect in September 2009; as with its predecessor, a half-hour version of the Saturday-night edition was still scheduled at 6 p.m. ET during the NHL season as a lead-in to "Hockey  Night in Canada"s pre-game show. 2017–present: Mansbridge's retirement, relaunch. In September 2016, Mansbridge announced that he would retire as anchor of the program in 2017, following the network's Canada Day broadcast. On the future of the program following his departure, CBC News editor-in-chief Jennifer McGuire told the Canadian Press that the CBC were planning to perform a significant revamp of "The National" in October 2017. On August 1, 2017, CBC announced that Adrienne Arsenault, Rosemary Barton, Andrew Chang, and Ian Hanomansing would host a revamped version of "The National" beginning on November 6, 2017 . The four anchors hosted from different cities, with Arsenault and Hanomansing initially hosting primarily from Toronto, Barton from Ottawa, and Chang from Vancouver, although the anchors were able to host on-location as warranted by stories. Master control and playout comes from the CBC studios in Ottawa, the national capital. During the series run the anchor duty stations shifted, with Hanomansing principally hosting from Vancouver and Chang from Toronto. CBC News executive Jonathan Whitten stated that the new format will be designed to focus more upon in-depth and "personal" coverage of ongoing stories, rather than merely recapping all of  the day's headlines. Whitten explained that "increasingly the audience is going to demand more at the end of the day. Some may think we're jumping too fast into a world where we're abandoning that six or seven, two-minute news item [model], but we think that's what the positioning for the future's about." There will also be a focus on expanding the presence of "The National" as a overarching brand for original journalism across the CBC's television and digital platforms, rather than referring solely to the TV program (to emphasize this perspective, CBC staff  have also referred to the program internally as "The National Tonight" rather than just "The National"). The inaugural episode with the new format received mixed to negative reviews; John Doyle wrote in "The Globe and Mail" that the show was no longer a newscast, but a "chatty, visually bewildering assessment of some news stories of the day" that felt "disjointed, surreal and sadly lacking in coherence". Although acknowledging that its hosts were "superb" journalists, he argued that its opening story on the Sutherland Springs church shooting featured "a reporter, skilled at doing traditional TV reportage, suddenly doing deep feelings and  expected to be personally raw. That, with respect, is what the "Dr. Phil" show is for – exposed feelings and some kind of half-baked social context." Johanna Schneller wrote for the "Toronto Star" that the new format was likely an admission by the CBC that "you know the news, but we're the experts. Not the stentorian experts-on-high the way we used to be; we're chatty experts. Your four friends who always make you go, 'Huh.'" On January 22, 2020, CBC News announced revisions to the program, dropping the four-anchor format and having Arsenault and Chang  co-anchor from Monday through Thursday. Ian Hanomansing serves as solo anchor for the Friday and Sunday editions. Barton became the chief political correspondent for CBC News and the host of the Sunday morning political talk show "Rosemary Barton Live"; she continues to host "The National"'s weekly "At Issue" political panel. Presentation. The show's name was shortened to "The National" in 1969. The broadcast's original opening, used from 1969 through 1982, was known as "the Bloops" and featured the title of the program in a "space-age" font in green on the bottom of the screen, superimposed  over a wide shot of the set. Sometimes the program title appeared in the centre of the screen, with a black background. Accompanied by synthesized beeps that resembled an old computer, different letters rapidly cycled from left to right until they spelled "The National". An announcer, usually Allan McFee, would intone "The National, with <anchorperson>", followed by a cut to a shot of the anchor beside a screen. The anchor of the program would then summarize the top stories as different slides appeared for each of them on the screen. An internal study was conducted in July 1979  on whether to move "The National" to the 10 p.m. slot. This study group was composed of Bill Morgan, Mark Starowicz, and Vince Carlin. On January 11, 1982, the CBC relaunched "The National" with a radically different format and presentation style that looked very hi-tech for its time. The intro started with a map of the world superimposed on a cube which began to rotate, splitting into smaller cubes as it did. The final rotation revealed the title of the show in shiny chrome lettering using the font Stop. The synthesized opening music featured a fanfare played by The  Canadian Brass, called "The National". During the mid-1980s, Quantel "Paintbox" was used to create many of the graphics for the stories. On July 31, 1989, CBC updated the presentation of "The National" with more modern computer graphics, similar to those used on CBC Newsworld at the same time. The logo used all upper-case letters in the typeface Times New Roman. After Barbara Frum's death in 1992, "The Journal"—which she hosted—was subsequently cancelled later that year and replaced with "CBC Prime Time News"; the name "The National" was retained on CBC Newsworld for its late evening news bulletin . From 1995 to 1997, the logo used the font Palatino in upper-case for the words "The National", and Frutiger in upper-case for the words "CBC News" underneath. A new opening and look for the show appeared in 1997 that retained the style of the 1995 opening but used somewhat more sophisticated and modern computer animation. In 2001, a logo was introduced that used the typeface Microgramma, centred on two lines, with the CBC News logo underneath in Frutiger. It was short-lived, lasting only a few months. In the fall of 2001, the presentation of "The National" was  updated along with the corporate redesign of the entire network to have one consistent branding. The New York design firm Razorfish designed the look of this and other network programs. The logo used the typeface Frutiger in upper case. In late 2004 or early 2005, several graphics were modified, featuring more blue, less beige, and a slightly modified logo (with bolder type for "The National"). These changes were only implemented in selected sequences, sometimes leading to confusion - i.e., the older set of graphics was used at the start of the newscast's opening, and the new set was used at  the end of the open. The opening sequence started with the CBC News ID which flowed into the main graphic sequence, followed by Mansbridge or the fill-in anchor saying "Tonight ..." followed by a verbal listing of the main headlines and accompanying video and graphics. The title sequence would then continue, and cut to an aerial view of Toronto (new shot every Monday which then ran the entire week) and Lisa Dalbello announcing up and under the theme saying ""The National"; from the Canadian Broadcasting Centre, here is Peter Mansbridge." In early 2006, the entire news division - including "The National  and CBC Newsworld - received another update, including a new theme song and new title sequences, featuring the colours red, black, and white. From 2008 to the 2009 rebranding, Tony Daniels introduced the show and the host. After more than two years in the making, The National" underwent sweeping changes on October 26, 2009. Host Peter Mansbridge began delivering all segments of the news standing up, a style pioneered in Canada by the Citytv system. The set was redesigned and the colour blue was mixed into the previous channel's colours of red and white. A press release had stated that  the 2006 theme music would remain intact; however, new music cues by Eggplant Collective were created. Most of the logos and graphic fonts were changed to use Christian Schwartz's Stag typeface. In 2016, the program received a new opening sequence featuring a sweeping pan of the program title followed by a flash. The lower-thirds and other graphical elements were also updated. Personalities. Journalist staff. Other personalities who have anchored "The National" as weekend or substitute anchors include George McLean, Alison Smith, Wendy Mesley, Diana Swain, Carole MacNeil, Mark Kelley, Brian Stewart, Ian Hanomansing, Heather Hiscox, Asha Tomlinson, and  Evan Solomon. In 1974, Jan Tennant became the first woman to anchor the programme. Commentators and panels. "The National" features a number of recurring discussion and commentary segments: Awards. "The National" has received many awards including Geminis and foreign awards.