James Burke (science historian)
James Burke (born 22 December 1936) is a British broadcaster, science historian, author, and television producer. He was one of the main presenters of the BBC1 science series "Tomorrow's World" from 1965 to 1971 and created and presented the television series "Connections" (1978), and its more philosophical sequel "The Day the Universe Changed" (1985), about the history of science and technology. "The Washington Post" has called him "one of the most intriguing minds in the Western world". Biography. Burke was born in Derry, Northern Ireland. He was educated at Maidstone Grammar School, and then served  in the RAF from 1957 to 1959 before being accepted at Jesus College, Oxford, where he studied Middle English, obtaining both B.A. and M.A. degrees. Upon graduation he moved to Italy, where at the British School in Bologna he was lecturer in English and director of studies, 1961–63. He also lectured at the University of Urbino. Thereafter he was headmaster of the English School in Rome, 1963–65. He was involved in the creation of an English–Italian dictionary, and the publication of an art encyclopedia. Burke's entry into television was explained by the American "People" magazine in 1979: "Television  beckoned by chance one day on a Rome bus. Spotting an ad for a reporter for the local bureau of Britain's Granada Television, he says, 'I decided if the bus stopped at the next corner I would get off and apply for the job.' It did, he did, and the next thing he knew 'we went straight off to Sicily to do a series on the Mafia.'" In 1966, he moved to London and joined the Science and Features Department of the BBC, for which he was host or co-host of several programmes. He also worked as an  instructor in English as a Foreign Language at the Regency Language School in Ramsgate. Burke established his reputation as a reporter on the BBC1 science series "Tomorrow's World" and went on to present "The Burke Special". He was BBC television's science anchorman and chief reporter for the Apollo missions, as the main presenter of the BBC's coverage of the first moon landing in 1969. In collaboration with Mick Jackson, he produced the ten-part documentary series "Connections" (1978), which was broadcast on the BBC, and subsequently on PBS in the United States. "Connections" traced the historical relationships  between invention and discovery: each episode chronicled a particular path of technological development. "Connections" was the most-watched PBS television series up to that time. It was followed by the twenty-part "Connections" (1994) and the ten-part "Connections" (1997). "Connections: An Alternative View of Change" was broadcast in more than fifty countries and the companion book "Connections: An Alternative History of Technology" (1978) sold well. In 1980, Burke created and Jackson produced the six-part BBC series "The Real Thing", about perception. In 1985, Burke, with Richard Reisz and John Lynch, produced the ten-part television series "The Day  the Universe Changed" (revised 1995), focusing on the philosophical aspects of scientific change in Western culture. Burke has been a regular writer for "Scientific American" and "Time", and a consultant to the SETI project. Burke received the gold and the silver medals of the Royal Television Society. In 1998 he was made an honorary fellow of the Society for Technical Communication. Burke has contributed to podcasts, such as in 2008 when he appeared on "Hardcore History" with Dan Carlin, and in 2016 on "Common Sense" with Dan Carlin, and to newspaper articles including two series for the "Mogollon Connection" by  Jesse Horn, one focusing on the nature of morality, the other on the future of our youth. Burke presented a monologue "James Burke on the End of Scarcity", first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 26 December 2017, in which he predicted nanotech-manufacturing would revolutionize the world economy and society. He has been writing his current book, "Culture of Scarcity", since 2017. In a May 2020 interview, Burke said that he was writing a new "Connections" book, which would be the basis for a new television series titled "Connections 21", slated to air in January 2022. Section::::"Knowledge Web". Burke  is the leading figure in the development of the "Knowledge Web", the planned digital realization of his books and television programmes, which would allow the user to travel through history and create his or her own connections. Eventually, the project may feature immersive virtual-reality historical recreations of people, places, and events. In 2019 he produced a series of five 15-minute programmes for BBC Radio 4 with the title "James Burke's Web of Knowledge", in each of which he traced the connections between two widely separated people or themes, the first programme connecting Mozart to the helicopter. Predictions . In an article for the "Radio Times" in 1973, Burke predicted the widespread use of computers for business decisions, the creation of metadata banks of personal information, and changes in human behaviour, such as greater willingness to reveal personal information to strangers. In an interview on the "PM" programme on BBC Radio 4 on 30 August 2013, Burke discussed his predictions of a post-scarcity economy driven by advances in nanofactories, which he believes may be viable by the year 2043. Burke posed at least one of his predictions as a question. In "Connections", he notes that the increase in  connections over time causes the rate of innovation to accelerate, and asks what happens when this rate, or more importantly "change" itself, becomes too much for the average person to handle. He also questions what this would mean for individual power, liberty, and privacy. In the conclusion of "Connections", Burke said that computing and communications might be controlled by a computer science élite. Later, he suggested at the conclusion of "The Day the Universe Changed" that a worldwide revolution in communications and computer technology would allow people to instantaneously exchange ideas and opinions. Television credits. Television series and documentaries by  Burke: