Kindoki
Kindoki is thought by its believers to be a kind of witchcraft or possession by evil spirits. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo and among Congolese immigrants in Europe, this belief is responsible for acts of child abandonment and ritual abuse of adults and children who were thought to have fallen victim to "kindoki". Children who are perceived to possessed by "kindoki" are subjected to exorcisms that include beatings, starvation, and submersion in water. Some Christian preachers have acted as consultants, by pointing out supposedly possessed children and carrying out "exorcisms".