Luciano Floridi
Luciano Floridi (; born 16 November 1964) is an Italian and British philosopher. He holds a double appointment as Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information at the University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute where is also Governing Body Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and as Professor of Sociology of Culture and Communication at the University of Bologna, Department of Legal Studies, where he is the Director of the Centre for Digital Ethics. He is Adjunct Professor ("Distinguished Scholar in Residence"), Department of Economics, American University, Washington D.C. Floridi is best known for his work on two areas of  philosophical research: the philosophy of information, and information ethics (also known as digital ethics or computer ethics). Between 2008 and 2013, he held the Research Chair in philosophy of information and the UNESCO Chair in Information and Computer Ethics at the University of Hertfordshire. He was the founder and director of the IEG, an interdepartmental research group on the philosophy of information at the University of Oxford, and of the GPI the research Group in Philosophy of Information at the University of Hertfordshire. He was the founder and director of the , the Italian e-journal of philosophy (1995–2008). He is  a former Governing Body Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford. Early life and education. Floridi was born in Rome in 1964, and studied at Rome University La Sapienza (laurea, first class with distinction, 1988), where he was originally educated as a historian of philosophy. He soon became interested in analytic philosophy and wrote his "tesi di laurea" (roughly equivalent to an M.A. thesis) in philosophy of logic, on Michael Dummett's anti-realism. He obtained his Master of Philosophy (1989) and PhD degree (1990) from the University of Warwick, working in epistemology and philosophy of logic with Susan Haack (who  was his PhD supervisor) and Michael Dummett. Floridi's early student years are partly recounted in the non-fiction book "", where he was "Luciano". During his graduate and postdoctoral years, he covered the standard topics in analytic philosophy in search of a new methodology. He sought to approach contemporary problems from a heuristically powerful and intellectually enriching perspective when dealing with lively philosophical issues. During his graduate studies, he began to distance himself from classical analytic philosophy. In his view, the analytic movement had lost its way. For this reason, he worked on pragmatism (especially Peirce) and foundationalist issues in  epistemology and philosophy of logic. Academic career. He was a lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Warwick in 1990–1991. He joined the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Oxford in 1990 and the OUCL (Oxford's Department of Computer Science) in 1999. He was Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Wolfson College, Oxford University (1990-1994), Frances Yates Fellow in the History of Ideas at the Warburg Institute, University of London (1994–1995) and Research Fellow in Philosophy at Wolfson College, Oxford University (1994-2001). During these years in Oxford, he held lectureships in different Colleges. Between 1994 and  1996, he also held a post-doctoral research scholarship at the Department of Philosophy, University of Turin. Between 2001 and 2006, he was Markle Foundation Senior Research Fellow in Information Policy at the Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy, Oxford University. Between 2002 and 2008, he was Associate Professor of Logic at the Università degli Studi di Bari. In 2006, he became Fellow by Special Election of St Cross College, Oxford University, where he played for the squash team. In 2008, he was appointed full professor of philosophy at the University of Hertfordshire, to hold the newly established research  chair in philosophy of information and, since 2009, the UNESCO Chair in Information and Computer Ethics. In his first book, "Scepticism and the Foundation of Epistemology", Floridi was already looking for a concept of "subject-independent knowledge" close to what he now identifies as semantic "information". During his postdoctoral studies, as a Junior Research Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford University, he began to embrace a more Neo-Kantian philosophy, which led him to spend one academic year in Marburg, where he focused on Ernst Cassirer's version of Neo-Kantianism. He began working exclusively on what is now known as  the philosophy of information during his years as Research Fellow, still at Wolfson College. Philosophy. According to Floridi, it is necessary to develop a constructionist philosophy, where design, modelling and implementation replace analysis and dissection. Shifting from one set of tasks to the other, philosophy could then stop retreating into the increasingly small corner of its self-sustaining investigations and hence reacquire a wider view about what really matters. Slowly, Floridi has come to characterise his constructionist philosophy as an innovative field, now known as the philosophy of information, the new area of research that has emerged from the computational /informational turn. Floridi approaches the philosophy of information from the perspectives of logic and epistemology (theoretical), and computer science, IT and Humanities Computing (theoretical). For example, in the Preface of "Philosophy and Computing", published in 1999, he wrote that the book was meant for philosophy students who need IT literacy to use computers efficiently or indispensable background knowledge for the critical understanding of our digital age. The latter provides a basis for the would-be branch of philosophy, the philosophy of information. PI, or PCI (Philosophy of Computing and Information), became his major research interest. Floridi's perspective is that  there is a need for a broader concept of information, which includes computation, but not only computation. This new framework provides a theoretical framework within which to make sense of various lines of research that have emerged since the fifties. The second advantage is PI's perspective on the development of philosophy through time. In his view, PI gives us a much wider and more profound perspective on what philosophy might have actually been doing throughout the centuries. Currently, Floridi is working on two areas of research: computer ethics (see the entry information ethics) and the concept of information. Key  to this area of work is the claim that ICT (Information and Communications Technology) is radically re-engineering or re-ontologizing the infosphere. Recognitions and awards. 2007. Fellow by Special Election of St Cross College, University of Oxford 2008. Ethics and Information Technology, Springer, published a special issue in two numbers dedicated to his work. First philosopher to be awarded the Gauss Professorship by the Göttingen Academy of Sciences. 2009. Winner of the American Philosophical Association's Barwise Prize The APA's Newsletter dedicates two issues to his work. Elected Fellow of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence  and the Simulation of Behaviour (SSAISB). Appointed UNESCO Chair in Information and Computer Ethics. 2010. Appointed Editor-in-chief of Springer's new journal Metaphilosophy, Blackwell-Wiley, published a special issue dedicated to his work. University of Hertfordshire, Vice Chancellor Award 2010: "Highly commended for research supporting engagement with business, the profession and partner organisations". Elected Fellow of the Center for Information Policy Research, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Knowledge, Technology and Policy, Springer, published a special issue dedicated to his work. 2011. Laurea honoris causa in Philosophy, University of Suceava, Romania, for "foundational research on the philosophy of information". 2012 . AISB/IACAP World Congress (in Honor of Alan Turing, 1912–1954), dedicates its "Author Meets Critics Session" to Luciano Floridi's "The Philosophy of Information". Winner of the International Association for Computing And Philosophy - IACAP's Covey Award for "outstanding research in computing and philosophy". Philosophy of Technology and Engineering, Springer, published a collection of essays dedicated to "Luciano Floridi's Philosophy of Technology - Critical Reflections". 2013. Winner of the International Society for Ethics and Information Technology - INSEIT's Weizenbaum Award for "significant contribution to the field of information and computer ethics, through his or her research, service, and vision." Elected  member of the Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences Minds and Machines, Springer, is preparing a special issue dedicated to his work, entitled "Philosophy in the Age of Information: A Symposium on Luciano Floridi's The Philosophy of Information (Oxford, 2011)" Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, Taylor & Francis, is preparing a special issue dedicated to his work, entitled "Inforgs and the Infosphere: Themes from Luciano Floridi's Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence".