Deniz Kandiyoti
Deniz Kandiyoti (born 15 March 1944) is an author and an academic of research in the fields of gender relations and developmental politics in the Middle East, specifically Turkey. She holds a PhD from London School of Economics. Her work on gender and Islam, especially in post-colonial and rural development areas, has been influential throughout the entire field. She has pioneered new research into understanding the implications of Islam and state policy on women, and as a result has brought more attention to the field. As of 2010, Kandiyoti is Emeritus Professor in Development Studies at the  School of Oriental and African Studies, part of the University of London, where she began working in 1992. She has done consultancy work for United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International Labour Organization (ILO), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the UK's Department for International Development (DFID) and the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM). Early life and education. Born in Istanbul, Turkey, Kandiyoti holds British and Turkish citizenships. She received a Bachelor of Arts from University of Paris in 1966 and a Master of Science in Social  Psychology from the London School of Economics before receiving her PhD there as well. Career and research. Kandiyoti’s early work focused on political economy and rural transformation, but then moved towards gender, nationalism and Islam. Most recently, her research has “returned to exploring the politics of gender in Muslim-majority societies but from an even broader comparative perspective” which involves Afghanistan and Uzbekistan as well as Turkey. Kandiyoti’s academic life has been based in theoretical as well as field-based studies. Her initial interest in gender came while doing field work for her PhD in Central Anatolia. From  1969 until 1980, Kandiyoti worked at Istanbul Technical University and Bogazici University in Turkey, but then moved to England to teach at Richmond College in Surrey, England. Kandiyoti was a fellow at University of Manchester and the University of Sussex from 1987 to 1988. In 1988, she coined the term patriarchal bargain, describing a tactic in which a woman chooses to accommodate and accept gender roles that disadvantage women overall but maximize her individual power and options. From 2000-2005, Kandiyoti was part of a research effort sponsored by United Nations Research Institute For Social Development (UNRISD). The major areas  of research during that time for UNRISD were poverty eradication, promotion of democracy and human rights, gender equality, environmental sustainability, and the effects of globalization. She is also the editor of the journal "Central Asian Survey", “the only established peer reviewed, multi-disciplinary journal in the world concerned with the history, politics, cultures, religions and economies of the Central Asian and Caucasian regions.” Kandiyoti’s current project is entitled “Islam and the Politics of Gender.”