Etlingera fulgens
Etlingera fulgens is a species of herbaceous perennial plant of the family Zingiberaceae. This species occurs in southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia. "E. fulgens" is used as an ornamental plant in landscape gardens for its bright red flowers and young leaves. Description. "Etlingera fulgens" can be recognized by its shiny undulating leaves that are dark green in colour. When young, the undersides of its leaves are bright red in color, turning greenish on maturing. In older leaves, only the petiole and midrib are red. Petioles are in length. Rhizomes, in diameter, occur just below the ground. The plant  can grow up to tall. Crushed leaf sheaths emit a pleasant sour fragrance similar to that of "Etlingera elatior". Inflorescences are raised above the ground and infructescences are globular in shape. Chemistry. Leaves of "E. fulgens" displayed stronger ferrous ion-chelating ability than young leaves of "Camellia sinensis". Chlorogenic acid found in leaves of "E. fulgens" was higher in content than "Lonicera japonica" (Japanese honeysuckle), the commercial source. Fruit and rhizome oils of "E. fulgens" are mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons with cyclododecane, dodecanol, and cyclotetradecane as main constituents. Oils of "E. fulgens" and "E. elatior" were very different in composition despite  having very similar aroma. Oils of "E. fulgens" consist mainly of dodecyl acetate (21.6%), an ester, and pentadecanol (14.1%) and hexadecanol (3.60%), both long-chain alcohols.