The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (film)
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a 2005 science fiction comedy film directed by Garth Jennings, based upon previous works in the media franchise of the same name, created by Douglas Adams. It stars Martin Freeman, Sam Rockwell, Mos Def, Zooey Deschanel, Bill Nighy, Anna Chancellor, John Malkovich, and the voices of Stephen Fry, Helen Mirren, Thomas Lennon, Richard Griffiths, Ian McNeice, Bill Bailey and Alan Rickman. Adams co-wrote the screenplay with Karey Kirkpatrick but died in 2001, before production began; the film is dedicated to Adams. The film  grossed over $100 million worldwide. Plot. One Thursday morning, Arthur Dent discovers that his house is to be immediately demolished to make way for a bypass. He tries delaying the bulldozers by lying down in front of them. Ford Prefect, a friend of Arthur's, convinces him to go to a pub with him. Over several pints of beer, Ford explains that he is an alien from the vicinity of Betelgeuse, and a journalist working on the "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", a universal guide book. Ford warns that the Earth is to be demolished later that day  by a race called Vogons, to make way for a hyperspace bypass. As the Vogon fleet arrives in orbit to destroy Earth, Ford rescues Arthur by stowing aboard one of the Vogon ships. The pair are shortly discovered and thrown out an airlock, only to be picked up by the starship "Heart of Gold". They find Ford's "semi-cousin" Zaphod Beeblebrox, the newly elected president of the Galaxy. He has stolen the ship along with Tricia "Trillian" McMillan, an Earth woman whom Arthur had met previously, and Marvin the Paranoid Android, a clinically depressed robot. Zaphod seeks the Ultimate  Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything to match with the disappointing answer given by the supercomputer Deep Thought: "42". He believes that the answer lies on the planet Magrathea, only accessible using the "Heart of Gold" improbability drive through trial and error. On one attempt, they arrive at Viltvodle VI, where Zaphod's opponent, Humma Kavula, resides. Kavula offers the coordinates for Magrathea in exchange for Zaphod recovering the Point-of-View gun, a gun created by Deep Thought that makes anyone it blasts temporarily see things from the shooter's perspective. Trillian is captured by the Vogons as  they depart, and the three mount a rescue effort on the Vogon homeworld. Before her rescue, Trillian learns that Zaphod signed the order for the destruction of Earth, thinking that the Vogon with the permission form just wanted his autograph. The group escapes the Vogons, followed by Galactic Vice-President Questular Rontok and the Vogons. They arrive at Magrathea, but trigger its automated missile defense systems. Arthur re-activates the improbability drive to transform the missiles into a bowl of petunias and a whale, allowing them to land safely on the planet. Zaphod, Ford, and Trillian enter a portal to  arrive at Deep Thought, though Arthur and Marvin are stranded outside the portal. They learn from Deep Thought that after coming up with the Answer "42", its creators had Deep Thought design another computer to come up with the Question, that being Earth. They recover the Point-of-View gun, though Trillian uses it on Zaphod to show him her resentment for his accidental destruction of the Earth. They are captured by unknown entities. Meanwhile, on Magrathea, Arthur is met by Slartibartfast, one of the planet builders. Slartibartfast takes Arthur to a pocket dimension inside the planet where he shows  that a new version of Earth is near completion. Slartibartfast takes Arthur to his recreated home, where inside, the others are enjoying a feast provided by the pan-dimensional beings who commissioned Arthur's original Earth, and who resemble a pair of mice. With Arthur, who was on Earth up until the last minutes, the mice think they can discover the Question by removing his brain. Arthur manages to escape and crush the mice under a teapot; they disappear without a trace. Suddenly, Questular and the Vogons arrive outside the home and open fire. The group takes shelter in a  caravan, but Marvin, left alone, uses the Point-of-View gun to make the entire Vogon force too depressed to continue fighting. The Vogons are taken away, while Zaphod reunites with Questular. Arthur decides to explore the galaxy with Ford and Trillian, allowing Slartibartfast to finalise the new Earth without him. The Heart of Gold crew decides to visit the Restaurant at the End of the Universe. Cast. Richard Griffiths voices Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz, the leader of the Vogons. Thomas Lennon voices Eddie the shipboard computer. Simon Jones, who portrayed Arthur Dent in both the BBC radio and television adaptations  of "Hitchhiker's", makes a cameo appearance as the "Ghostly Image" (the Magrathean defense system's recorded announcement). Comedy troupe, The League of Gentlemen provided additional voices for the Vogons while one of its members, Steve Pemberton appears as Mr. Prosser, the construction boss. British film director, Edgar Wright (of "Shaun of the Dead" and "Hot Fuzz" fame) cameos as a Deep Thought technician. Kelly Macdonald plays a TV reporter. Pre-production and production. Bringing "The Hitchhiker's Guide" to a theatrical version started as early as the 1970s, as documented in "The Greatest Sci-Fi Movies Never Made" by  David Hughes. Douglas Adams had been approached by one unnamed producer and separately by the American Broadcasting Company network during the 1970s to turn the book into a film, but Adams refused both offers, as he feared they wanted to turn the work into ""Star Wars" with jokes". In 1982, Adams signed an option for the film with producers Ivan Reitman, Joe Medjuck, and Michael C. Gross, and completed three scripts for them. As part of the rewrites, Medjuck and Gross offered the idea of bringing in either Bill Murray or Dan Aykroyd to play Ford Prefect. However, Aykroyd separately  proposed a different story to Reitman, which led to this project becoming the basis for "Ghostbusters". This left Adams flustered about the film's development in making sure there was the necessary commitment to the project. However, the event did serve the idea of making Prefect an American as to better draw in that audience. Movement on the film was quiet until around 2001, when director Jay Roach, using the clout he had gained from "" and "Meet the Parents", secured a new deal with Adams and production through Disney. Adams wrote a new script, and Roach sought talent like Spike  Jonze to direct, Hugh Laurie to play Arthur, and Jim Carrey as Zaphod, but then Adams died on 11 May 2001. Neither Roach nor the film's executive producer Robbie Stamp wanted to see their work go for naught after Adams' death. Roach brought in Karey Kirkpatrick to complete the screenplay based on Adams' final draft, submitted just before his death. Kirkpatrick used what notes Adams had left, finding that Adams was willing to go off the book's narrative to adapt to the film. He considered his screenplay something in the spirit that Adams had set out based on  the whole of Adams' work. Some time after Adams' death, Roach decided to drop out of the project, and, on recommendation from Spike Jonze – one of several directors asked to do the film – Roach turned to director Garth Jennings and producer Nick Goldsmith, collectively known as Hammer & Tongs, to take up the work. In a Slashdot interview, Robbie Stamp, one of the film's executive producers, stated the following about the cast of the film: Stamp also commented on how large a role the studio and screenwriters other than Adams played in making the film: Shooting was completed in August  2004, and the movie was released on 28 April 2005 in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, and on the following day in Canada and the United States. The pre-title sequence of the film was shot in Loro Parque, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife. Marketing. The film trailer featured voice over work by Stephen Fry as the Guide, describing the "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"s entry on movie trailers. An audio collection called "Additional Guide Entries", read by Stephen Fry, was released to iTunes to promote the film. The entries were set to music by Joby Talbot and written  by Tim Browse and Sean Sollé (with the exception of the "How to be Cool" entry, which was also co-written by Yoz Grahame). The "Hitchhiker's Guide to Technology" claims that if you make yourself a cup of tea and attempt to get an object working and the tea goes cold before you finish, you are dealing with technology. Other guides include the "Hitchhiker's Guide to Blogging", the "Hitchhiker's Guide to Deadlines", and the "Hitchhiker's Guide to How to be Cool" which discusses how an individual can truly be cool, instead of by following crowds, but  concludes by suggesting the listener attend a showing of "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy". The "Guide to Websites", which only appeared on the official UK movie website, described a website as "a wonderful new invention that allows people you neither know nor care about to inform you what they had for breakfast this morning, without all that tedious mucking about in the postal system". The "Guide to Fanboys", written by Touchstone Pictures' copywriters as part of their promotion of the movie, only ever appeared as website text. Though released at the same time as the iTunes entries, it  was never intended to be recorded and is otherwise unconnected with the Fry/Talbot/Browse works. Reception. Critical reaction. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 60% of 200 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 6.09/10. The site's consensus reads: "A frantic and occasional funny adaptation of Douglas Adams' novel. However, it may have those unfamiliar with the source material scratching their heads." Metacritic gives it 63/100, indicating "generally favourable" reviews. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade "B-" on an A+ to F scale. "Empire" magazine rated the film  four stars out of five and said it was a "very British, very funny sci-fi misadventure that's guaranteed to win converts". Roger Ebert gave the film two stars out of four: Manohla Dargis called it "hugely likable" with a story arc structured "more or less" as "a long beginning and then an ending"; she calls Jim Henson's Creature Shop's Vogons "beautifully constructed" and noted that Sam Rockwell's performance is "sensational, ... riffing on Elvis and the current President George Bush". Peter Bradshaw gave the film three stars out of five and said, "The film is no  disgrace, and honours the Guide's gentle, low-tech BBC origins. But it doesn't do justice to the open-ended inventiveness of the original. The inevitable Anglo-American accommodations of casting have muddled its identity and the performances of the new American stars can be uneasy. It somehow seems heavier-footed and slower-moving than Adams's concept; the gravity is stronger... The savour and flavour of the Adams original, its playfully ruminative feel, has been downgraded in favour of a jolly but less interesting outerspace romp." Philip French, after describing the Vogons as "a species resembling Laughton's  version of Quasimodo" and writing it is "not, except in its financing, anything resembling a standard Hollywood production", called the film "slightly old-fashioned (few things date as rapidly as science fiction and our view of the future) and somewhat commonplace through its embracing familiar special effects. The jokes have to compete with the hardware and the actors executing them often exude a feeling of desperation... It's funnier, and obviously cleverer, than "Spaceballs", Mel Brooks's puerile spoof on "Star Wars", but a good bit less engaging than "Galaxy Quest"." Commercial box office. The movie was released on 28  April 2005 in the United Kingdom making in its first week. It was released a day later in North America, making in its opening weekend, opening in first place. In the United States, the movie remained in the box office top ten for its first four weeks of release. The movie's total box office gross was $104,478,416 worldwide. According to Freeman, the film would be unlikely to merit a sequel; he stated "I found that out from the horse's mouth, [director] Garth Jennings. I had dinner with him and he said [the first one] just didn't  do well enough." Awards. The movie was nominated for seven different awards and won one. It won the Golden Trailer Award under the category Most Original. It was nominated for: the Artios award from Casting Society of America, United States under the category Best Featured Film Casting-Comedy in 2005; the Empire Awards from Empire Awards, UK under the categories Best British Film and Best Comedy in 2006; the Golden Trailer from Golden Trailer Awards under the category Best Voice Over; and Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie: Action and Choice Rap Artist in a Movie: Mos Def. Soundtrack. The  complete motion picture soundtrack was released as an iTunes Music Store exclusive (in the United States and the United Kingdom) on 12 April 2005, two weeks before the scheduled CD release. The iTunes Music Store also has two further exclusive sets of tracks related to the movie: The soundtrack CD was released on 26 April 2005, by Hollywood Records. The CD has the same 33 tracks as the previous iTunes release. The enclosed booklet includes acknowledgements from Joby Talbot and notes on the creation of the song "So Long and Thanks for All the Fish", written by Garth Jennings. The  track "Huma's Hymn" on the soundtrack is notable for the fact that it was sung in St. Michael's Church in Highgate, London by members of local church choirs along with a congregation consisting of members of the public. The recording was open to anyone wishing to attend, and was publicised on the internet, including in a post to the Usenet group alt.fan.douglas-adams. The first version of the song "So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish" is a Broadway-style, lively version sung by the dolphins before they leave Earth. The second plays over the end credits  and is in the style of smooth jazz. The song was written by English composer Joby Talbot, conductor Christopher Austin, and director Garth Jennings and performed by the Tenebrae Choir. Neil Hannon, founder and frontman of the Irish pop group The Divine Comedy, of which Talbot is a former member, lent his vocals to the version of the song played during the ending credits. The song, in its "bouncy", opening version, was translated into and performed in Spanish for the Latin-American Region 4 DVD release. A reworked version of the theme from the 1981 television adaptation was also included  in the score. Home media. The movie was released on DVD (Region 2, PAL) in the United Kingdom on 5 September 2005. Both a standard double disc edition and a UK-exclusive "Gift Set" edition were released on this date. The standard double disc edition features: The "Gift Set" edition includes a copy of the novel with a "movie tie-in" cover, and collectible prints from the film, packaged in a replica of the film's version of the "Hitchhiker's Guide" prop. Single disc widescreen and full-screen editions (Region 1, NTSC) were released in the United States and  Canada on 13 September 2005. They have a different cover, but contain the same special features (except the "Don't Crash" documentary) as the UK version. Single disc releases in the UMD format for the PlayStation Portable were also released on the respective dates in these three countries. The movie was made available as a paid download in the iTunes Store starting in September 2006, for the American market only. A region-free Blu-ray Disc version was released in January 2007.