Renault Fluence Z.E.
The Renault Fluence Z.E. is an electric version of the Renault Fluence compact sedan, part of the Renault Z.E. program of battery electric vehicles. It was unveiled by Renault at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Fluence Z.E. is outfitted with a 22 kWh lithium-ion battery which allows a total all-electric range of measured on the NEDC combined cycle, with speeds up to . The Fluence Z.E. was the first modern electric car known to be enabled with battery swapping technology and deployed within the Better Place network in Israel and Denmark in 2012. A total  of 948 Better Place branded Fluence Z.E. cars were deployed in Israel and around 400 units sold in Denmark by May 2013, when Better Place filed for bankruptcy. The Better Place version was built at the Oyak-Renault plant in Bursa, Turkey, like the main Fluence trims. As the Fluence Z.E. phased out, a fixed-battery version called Renault Samsung SM3 ZE was launched in South Korea. It was one of the most popular electric cars in South Korea in the mid-2010s, with thousands sold through 2017. Global sales totaled 10,600 units through December 2019, mostly composed of SM3 Z.E.  units. Specifications. The lithium-ion battery had a capacity of 22 kWh and weighed . For the 2018 model year, the Korean Samsung version received an upgrade to 36 kWh. The Fluence Z.E. is longer than the internal combustion model to accommodate the battery behind the rear seats. The planned Renault battery plant near Paris that was to supply batteries for the vehicle was delayed due to technical constraints. Instead, obtained batteries from LG Chem of South Korea. Battery charging capabilities included: The Fluence Z.E. used a synchronous electric motor with rotor coil, weighing . Its peak power is at 11,000rpm, while  maximum torque is . The Fluences used a PRND gate selector as well as providing a small amount of creep in 'D' to emulate the behaviour of traditional internal combustion engine equipped automatic transmission cars. Better Place battery swap. Better Place and Renault announced the Fluence Z.E. was the first modern electric car with a swappable battery available on the Better Place electric vehicle network with (QuickDrop) battery swapping technology. Battery switching or swapping is a technology that enables the driver to swap a depleted battery with a fully charged one by going through a battery switch station. In a demonstration  with electric taxi cabs run in Tokyo until the end of 2010, the trial battery switch station allowed drivers to exchange their car's depleted battery pack for a fully recharged one in 59.1 seconds on average. In August 2010 Better Place announced a non-binding order of 100,000 Renault Fluence ZE and four months later Better Place claimed to have sold 70,000 cars from that order, a year away from the public launch of the Better Place network. Better Place customers needed only to drive up to the entrance of a battery switch station to start the switch process . The Oscar in-car navigation system uses a WiFi connection to communicate with the station's computers and an RFID tag on the windscreen of the subscriber's car identifies it. The barrier opens and the customer drives up to a mark. The dashboard screen and external monitors then give instructions to select Neutral and turn off the ignition. The remaining process is fully automated, similar to going through a car wash, so the driver never has to leave the car. In just a few minutes, a robot beneath the car removes the depleted battery and replaces it with a  full one. Once complete, instruction is given to restart the car and an exit barrier lifts. After implementing the first modern commercial deployment of the battery swapping model in Israel and Denmark, Better Place filed for bankruptcy in Israel in May 2013. The company's financial difficulties were caused by the high investment required to develop the charging and swapping infrastructure, about million in private capital, and a market penetration significantly lower than originally predicted. About 1,000 Fluence Z.E.s were deployed in Israel, and around 400 units in Denmark through May 2013 when Better Place filed for bankruptcy. Markets. The  Fluence Z.E. is available in several European countries and also was sold in Israel through the Better Place network. Since retail sales began in 2011, a total of 3,935 units have been sold worldwide through October 2014. of which, 2,384 units were registered in Europe through October 2014. and around 1,000 units were sold in Israel through May 2013. , combined global sales since inception of the Fluence Z.E. and SM3 Z.E. totaled 10,600 units. Australia. Unveiled at the 2011 Australian International Motor Show in Melbourne, the Fluence Z.E. was scheduled to be sold by mid-2012, once the roll out of  Better Place's battery swap network had begun, initiating in Canberra. In 2011 GE pledged to purchase at least 1,000 of the vehicles in Australia, which would contribute to their goal of purchasing 25,000 electric vehicles globally by 2015. In December 2012, Renault announced that the launch of the Fluence Z.E. was postponed indefinitely following delays with the roll out of Australia's electric vehicle infrastructure. The electric car was scheduled to go on sale to the public from a number of dealers across the country in the fourth quarter of 2012. Better Place explained that delays in the deployments  in Israel and Denmark reflected in the Australian roll out, which would take place between 12 and 18 months behind the other markets. However, Better Place filed for bankruptcy in May 2013. China. In the 2016 Beijing Auto Show, Dongfeng Renault released a China-made version of the SM3 Z.E. as the Dongfeng Fengnuo E300 EV. However, the car never made it into mass production, possibly because China's EV range standards and associated subsidies were rapidly tightened in the following years. Denmark. The Fluence Z.E. was sold in Denmark at a price of 205,000 DKK (€27,496 or ) including  VAT plus the monthly fee for the switchable-battery. Consumers also paid a one-time fee of 9,995 DKK (€1,341) for a private charging station and Better Place offered a choice of five fixed-price switchable-battery packages based on kilometers driven per year. For more than a year the monthly fee was 2,995 DKK () per month. The first Better Place battery switch station in Denmark, out of 20 planned to be deployed across the country until March 2012, was unveiled in June 2011 at Gladsaxe, near Copenhagen. there were 17 battery switch stations fully operational in the country . Sales through Better Place began in late 2011, and 198 units were sold in Denmark through December 2012. Cumulative sales through April 2013 reached 234 units. However, Better Place reported between 400 and 500 customers by the time the company filed for bankruptcy in May 2013. Renault announced it will continue to provide service for the Fluence Z.E. in Denmark. Estonia. In Estonia, Fluence Z.E was originally part of the ELMO program, but has been removed, no reason was given, but it may relate to the lack of availability of the car in Estonia. France. In France, 2012 prices started  from before the applicable €5,000 government incentive. The monthly fee for the switchable-battery service start from €82 including VAT. Since 2010, a total of 727 Fluence Z.E.s have been registered in France through October 2014. Israel. Orders for the Renault Fluence ZE began in July 2011 starting at NIS 123,000 (, ), a price slightly higher than gasoline-powered car of similar size. Better Place offered five service packages in Israel. The service plans were priced according to annual mileage and also include installation and maintenance of a home recharging station, free access to Better Place's battery replacement  stations, battery availability, a computerized driver support system, navigation aids, and roadside service. The cheapest monthly package was NIS 1,090 (€218, ) for up to a year, and the more expensive was NIS 1,599 (€320 /) for less than a year. These prices included VAT. There was also a special plan that includes the cost of the Fluence Z.E. and a 3-year unlimited-mileage package (up to a year) for a total of NIS 157,500 (€31,775, ). The first Fluence Z.E. production models were delivered in Israel in January 2012, and nearly 100 units allocated among the Better Place  employees. Retail customer deliveries began in the second quarter of 2012. , a total of 518 cars were sold in the country. Sales during the first months of 2013 improved with a total 422 units were sold, bringing the total to 940 units. After Better Place filed for bankruptcy in May 2013, the court liquidator will have to decide what to do with customers who do not have ownership of the battery and risk being left with a useless car. Under Better Place's business model, the company owns the Fluence Z.E. batteries. Shortly thereafter, Renault announced it will continue to  provide service for the Fluence Z.E. in Israel. The liquidator will also have to decide about the future of the swap stations. South Korea. The Fluence Z.E. is sold in South Korea as the SM3 Z.E. under the Renault Samsung Motors badge. The SM3 Z.E. was unveiled at the 2011 Seoul Motor Show, and entered into series production at the Busan factory during October 2013. The company set a production target of about 4,000 units per year and it is partly financed by the South Korean Government. In 2013, its second year in the market and the first of South  Korean assembly, the SM3 Z.E. led electric vehicle sales in the country, capturing a 58% market share of the segment and 453 cars sold that year. The company attributed this to its AC-3 charger, its greater range compared to rivals and a better warranty for the battery. By the late 2010s the SM3 ZE's role in Korea's EV market diminished, as longer-range models such as Tesla Model 3, Chevrolet Bolt and SUVs from Hyundai-Kia began to dominate. However, as of 2019, the SM3 was still available in Korean market with a 36 kWh battery. Renault Samsung 's Electric Vehicle line-up is to undergo expansion in 2022, but it discontinued in 2020. Turkey. Renault Fluence Z.E was presumably planned to be also released in Turkey, its country of assembly, at the end of 2011. However, it is unclear whether any local sales have taken place before production there ceased at the end of 2013. United Kingdom. The Fluence Z.E. was released in the United Kingdom in the Spring of 2012 though was withdrawn from sale in 2014. The batteries required a mandatory lease which according to Renault, was the UK's most affordable electric car. By  not having to purchase the battery - a value in excess of - any issues with the battery over dead cells or depleted range issues are dealt with by an immediate exchange at no additional cost to the owner.