Indianapolis Zoo
The Indianapolis Zoo is a zoo located in White River State Park, in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, housing more than 3,800 animals of more than 320 species and subspecies. The institution is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and the American Alliance of Museums as a zoo, an aquarium, and as a botanical garden. The zoo is a private non-profit organization, receiving no tax support and is supported entirely by membership fees, admissions, donations, sales, grants, and an annual fundraiser. History. In 1944, Lowell Nussbaum, columnist for the "Indianapolis Times", and later the "Indianapolis  Star", began to advocate for a zoo through his column "Inside Indianapolis", which inspired the incorporation, in October 1944 of the Indianapolis Zoological Society. Soon the members of this group had outlined the plans for their zoo. Group members were adamant that "the zoo will rely on admissions, in-park sales, contributions, and memberships to support the zoo". However, it would not be until 20 years later, in 1964, that the zoo opened to the public. George Washington Park. The Indianapolis Zoo opened on April 18, 1964, at its original location in George Washington Park on East 30th Street. In  its first year, the new attraction drew more than 270,000 visitors. The zoo originally featured an Asian elephant, penguins, kangaroos, foxes, raccoons, camels, bison, deer, lambs, tortoises, llamas, prairie dogs, pygmy goats, and buffalo exhibits. In 1965, the zoo became one of few in the country to employ a full-time education staff. By the 20th anniversary of the zoo, its animal collection had doubled in size and it was determined that the zoo needed a new location where it could continue to expand. In 1982, international zoo, aquarium, and wildlife authorities gathered to set goals for establishing the new  zoo. It was determined that a zoo should not only be a place to see animals, but also an institution of conservation and education. That same year, White River State Park was announced as the new site of the zoo. The groundbreaking at the new downtown location was held in September 1985. The old zoo closed in 1987. White River State Park. The current zoo in White River State Park was opened in 1988 with a size of . After the construction of the Waters building and the Dolphin Pavilion, the zoo earned AZA accreditation as an aquarium as well as  a zoo. In 1996, the Indianapolis Zoo became the first institution to be triple-accredited as a zoo, aquarium, and botanical garden. White River Gardens was considered a separate facility from 1999 to 2006, but now is included as part of the zoo. The zoo hosts more than a million visitors each year and plays a role in worldwide conservation and research, including accomplishing the world's first successful artificial insemination of an African elephant. The zoo will soon be undergoing a major expansion. The current 13-acre parking lot will be converted into new animal exhibits. A chimpanzee facility  will be one of the first major exhibits constructed in the expansion process. The new parking system will consist of 28 new acres of land the zoo recently acquired. Biomes. The Indianapolis Zoo is organized around the concept of biomes. Biomes are areas of the planet with similar climate, plants, and animals. Animals at the Indianapolis Zoo are clustered in groups with similar habitats, which define the biomes. At the Indianapolis Zoo, one can visit the eight biomes listed below. Each of the biomes participates in conservation and breeding programs. Oceans. Pinniped Shore First Tanks Shark Touch Pool Tube Tanks  Small Tanks Penguin Hall Sharing One World: Long-Tailed Macaques Walrus Complex Dolphin Pavilion Forests. Commons China Display Tiger Forest Magnificent Macaws Other exhibits MISTery Park Deserts. Dome Exhibits Size, Speed, and Venom: Extreme Snakes Other reptile exhibits Rest of Dome Flights of Fancy. Flamingo Pool Budgie Aviary Lorikeet Aviary Other animals St. Vincent Dolphin Pavilion. The Indianapolis Zoo's highlight is a large dolphin pavilion, which features a combination of approaches to dolphin/human interaction. The pavilion has a diameter, high, underwater viewing dome placed squarely in the middle of the dolphin performance pool – a first for U.S. zoos . Opened on Memorial Day weekend 2005, zoo visitors can view dolphins from underneath the surface of the water. On top of the water, the interior of the St. Vincent Dolphin Theater features a million-gallon plus pool where dolphin presentations occurs daily. There are 10 bottlenose dolphins: Calypso (F), Jett (M), Hemingway (M), Kimo (M), Orin (M), Taz (M), Indy (F), Maui, (M), Nova (F), and Trooper (M). The zoo also has the Midwest's only in-water dolphin program for the public, allowing guests to interact with the dolphins in their exhibit. International Orangutan Center. In early September 2012 , the Indianapolis Zoo broke ground on a new, $21.5 million project known as the Simon Skjodt International Orangutan Center which serves not only as an exhibit for guests to enjoy, but also as a research hub to assist with orangutan conservation. The project was partially funded by a $2 million donation from the family foundation of Dean and Barbara White. The exhibit houses nine orangutans and features a 90-foot-tall viewing atrium and an aerial cable ride to give visitors a one of a kind view of the animals. The exhibit includes a series of cable highways  to allow the orangutans to travel throughout the zoo at their leisure. The exhibit opened Memorial Day weekend 2014. MISTery Park. MISTery Park is a landscaped path featuring flowers, tall grasses, and trees with a cooling fog created by misters. It is also the home of the two-toed sloth exhibit. The exhibit opened in 2019. Conservation and research. The Indianapolis Zoo has a multifaceted approach in its conservation and research efforts. The Indianapolis Zoo is the presenter of the Indianapolis Prize, an award for animal conservation. The Indianapolis Prize includes a US$250,000 cash award and the Lilly Medal , which is presented every two years to a conservationist who has made substantial contributions toward the sustainability of an animal species or group of species. The Indianapolis Zoo participates in the Species Survival Plans (SSPs) and conservation programs of the Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA), the national zoo membership organization of the United States. Under the auspices of the Polly H. Hix Institute for Conservation and Research, an initiative that supports the Society's current and future research and conservation programs, the zoo conducts research projects both in situ and ex situ on selected species. The Indianapolis Zoo also participates  in three conservation and research foundations – the International Elephant Foundation (IEF), the International Iguana Foundation (IIF), and the International Rhino Foundation (IRF). The Hix Institute also supports the Tarangire Elephant Project in Tanzania to protect migration corridors from Tarangire National Park to the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. The zoo has a second partnership with the IUCN – The World Conservation Union, a conservation network. The Indianapolis Zoo, in partnership with the MacArthur Foundation, is supporting the IUCN's project documenting the known impacts of climate change on species and habitat. Notable animals. Rocky. Born September 25, 2004, Rocky is a rescued entertainment  orangutan. He moved to the Indianapolis Zoo prior to opening of the International Orangutan Center in 2014. Rocky has been noted for his unique vocal demonstrations and ability to "speak". A video of Rocky went viral in 2017, picturing Rocky interacting with a zoo guest. The guest had recently suffered a burn, and had a large bandage covering a portion of her arm and shoulder. Rocky expressed interest in the bandage, gesturing at it and seemingly requesting she remove the bandage. The guest did so, and Rocky is seen inspecting her burn. Incidents. On August 9, 2006, a truck with  a shipment of 24 penguins, an octopus, and several exotic fish from the Indianapolis Zoo to Moody Gardens in Galveston, Texas, flipped over due to driver error. Several fish died immediately as their bags popped. Three gentoo penguins were killed after being hit on the roadway. As the truck was turned back over, two rockhopper penguins were found, one dead and one alive. A king penguin had an injured wing and two other penguins were in shock. The surviving animals were taken to a zoo near Tyler, Texas, for treatment. Texas law requires that drivers of such a vehicle hold  a commercial driver's license to legally drive it, and neither of the women driving the truck held such a license. The surviving animals eventually arrived at their destination at Moody Gardens. On November 11, 2007, a fire broke out in the Encounters area and killed several small animals. Before 4:30 am, it started in the Critter Corner building, and fire fighters arrived within five minutes. The flames were put out within 35 minutes. However, it killed three turtles, two birds, an armadillo, a snake, a colony of hissing cockroaches, several different birds (including an aracari) and other animals in  that time, and more were treated at the zoo's hospital. The Critter Corner temporarily closed and the cause of the fire was due to the armadillo pushing hay bedding high enough to touch a heat light. On January 19, 2009, 15 bonnethead sharks died due to a maintenance error. When the filtration system was taken offline for cleaning, the ozone valve was turned off, to prevent the sharks from suffocating. The valve was turned back on by a staff member effectively killing them.