Bit By Bit - Ho botsa lipotso - Activities
[ ,, ] Khaolong ena, ke ne ke e-na le boikutlo bo botle haholo ka ho romeha ka morao. Leha ho le joalo, sena hase kamehla se ntlafatsang boleng ba litekanyetso. Etsa boemo boo ka mor'a hore stratification e ka fokotsa boleng ba litekanyetso. (Bakeng sa tlhahiso, bona Thomsen (1973) .)
[ ,, ,, ] Ho theha le ho etsa lipatlisiso ho Amazon Mechanical Turk ho sa khoneha ho botsa ka botho ba lithunya le maikutlo a mabapi le taolo ea lithunya. E le hore o ka bapisa litekanyetso tsa hau le tse fumanoang mohlomong, ho kopitsa kopi ea potso le likarabo ka ho toba ho tsoa lipatlisisong tsa boleng bo phahameng joaloka tse tsamaisoang ke Pew Research Center.
Tlhahlobo ea hau e nka nako e kae? Ke bokae? Tlhahlobo ea mohlala oa hau e bapisoa joang le palo ea baahi ba US?
Ke tekanyo efe e lekaneng ea botho ba lithunya ho sebelisa sampuli ea hau?
Lokisa bakeng sa sesupa-papiso sa sesupa-mohlala sa hau ka ho sebelisa stratification kapa mokhoa o mong. Joale ke tekanyo efe ea botho ba lithunya?
Litekanyetso tsa hau li bapisoa joang le litekanyetso tsa morao-rao ho tloha mohlaleng o thehiloeng mohlomong? U nahana hore u hlalosa phapang efe, haeba ho na le?
Pheta lipotso (b) - (d) bakeng sa maikutlo mabapi le taolo ea lithunya. Liphihlelo tsa hau li fapane joang?
[ ,, ,, ] Goel le basebetsi-'moho le eena (2016) ne ba e-na le lipotso tse 49 tsa boipheliso bo khethiloeng ke General Social Survey (GSS) 'me ba khetha lipatlisiso ke Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Pew ho batho bao e seng balumeli ba tsoang Mechanical Turk. Eaba ba fetola boitsebiso bo sa amaneng le boitsebiso bo sebelisitsoeng ka mokhoa o sebelisoang ka mohlala-le ho bapisa likhakanyo tsa bona tse fetotsoeng le ba tsoang lipatlisisong tsa GSS le Pew. Etsa lipatlisiso tse tšoanang ho Amazon Mechanical Turk 'me u leke ho etsisa setšoantšo sa 2a le setšoantšo sa 2b ka ho bapisa litekanyo tsa hau tse fetohileng le likhakanyo tsa lipalo tsa morao-rao tsa lipatlisiso tsa GSS le Pew. (Bona tablete ea li-appendix A2 bakeng sa lethathamo la lipotso tse 49.)
Bapisa le ho bapisa liphetho tsa hau le ba tsoang Pew le GSS.
Bapisa le ho bapisa liphetho tsa hau le tse tsoang ho phuputso ea Mechanical Turk e Goel, Obeng, and Rothschild (2016) .
[ ,, ,, ] Liphuputso tse ngata li sebelisa mehato ea boipheliso ea ho sebelisa liselefouno. Ena ke boemo bo thahasellisang boo bafuputsi ba ka bapisang boitsoaro ba boits'oaro ka boitšoaro bo hlephileng (bona mohlala, Boase and Ling (2013) ). Mekhoa e 'meli e tloaelehileng eo motho a ka e botsang ka eona ke ea ho letsetsa le ho romellana melaetsa,' me liforeimi tse peli tse tloaelehileng ke "maobane" le "bekeng e fetileng."
Pele o bokella boitsebiso leha e le bofe, ke bofe ba mehato ea boitlhahlobo eo u nahanang hore e nepahetse haholoanyane? Hobane'ng?
Batla metsoalle ea hau e mehlano hore e be lipatlisisong tsa hau. Ka kopo, akaretsa ka bokhutšoanyane hore na metsoalle ena e mehlano e ne e nkiloe joang. Na ts'ebetso ee ea sampling e ka etsa hore ho be le likhetho tse itseng ka tekanyo ea hau?
Ba botse lipotso tse latelang tsa microsurvey:
"Ke makhetlo a mangata ao u sebelitseng thelefono ea hau ea selefouno ho bitsa ba bang maobane?"
"U rometse melaetsa e mengata ea melaetsa maobane?"
"Ke makhetlo a makae u sebelitseng thelefono ea hau ea selefouno ho bitsa ba bang matsatsing a supileng a ho qetela?"
"Ke makhetlo a mangata ao u sebelitseng mohala oa hao oa selefouno ho romela kapa ho amohela melaetsa ea selefouno / SMS matsatsing a supileng a ho qetela?"
Hang ha sena sa microsurvey se phethiloe, botsa ho hlahloba boitsebiso ba bona ba ho sebelisa ha ba ntse ba kena ka fono kapa mofani oa bona oa tšebeletso. Tlhaloso ea ho ipapisa le ea hau e bapisoa joang le ho ngolisa lintlha? Ke efe e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa, e nepahetseng haholo?
Hona joale kopanya lintlha tseo u li bokeletseng le lintlha tse tsoang ho batho ba bang sehlopheng sa hau (haeba u etsa mosebetsi ona bakeng sa tlelase). Ka dataset ena e kholo, pheta karolo (d).
[ ,, ] Schuman and Presser (1996) re lipotso tsa lipotso li tla ba le lipotso tsa mefuta e 'meli ea lipotso: lipotso tse arolelanoang lipotso moo lipotso tse peli li leng boemong bo ts'oanang (mohlala, litekanyetso tsa batlatsi ba babeli ba mopresidente); le karolo e 'ngoe-lipotso moo potso e tloaelehileng e latelang potso e tobileng (mohlala, ho botsa "U khotsofetse hakae ka mosebetsi oa hau?" o lateloa ke "U khotsofetse hakae ka bophelo ba hau?").
Ba tsoela pele ho hlalosa mefuta e 'meli ea potso ea lipotso: liphello tse tsitsitseng li etsahala ha likarabo tsa potso e tlang li ntse li atamela (ho feta kamoo li neng li tla ba kateng) ho ba fuoeng potso ea pele; phapang e fapaneng e etsahala ha ho e-na le phapang e kholo pakeng tsa likarabo tse peli.
Bopa lipotso tsa karolo-karolo tseo u nahanang hore li tla ba le phello e kholo ea taelo ea lipotso; karolo e 'ngoe-lipotso tsohle tseo u nahanang hore li tla ba le phello e kholo ea taelo; le lipotso tse peli tseo u li nahanang hore ha li na taba. Etsa tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso Turkong ea Amazon Mechanical ho leka lipotso tsa hau.
U khonne ho bopa karolo e kholo ea karolo e kae? E ne e le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng kapa e fapaneng?
U na le phello e kholo hakae-eo u khonang ho e etsa? E ne e le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng kapa e fapaneng?
Na ho ne ho e-na le phello ea taelo ea lipotso ho baratuoa ba hao moo u neng u sa nahane hore taelo e tla ba ea bohlokoa?
[ ,, ] Ho haha ​​mosebetsing oa Schuman and Presser, Moore (2002) hlalosa phapang e fapaneng ea pheliso ea lipotso: liphetoho tse eketsang le tse senyang. Le hoja liphetoho le liphello tse tsitsitseng li hlahisoa ka lebaka la ho hlahlojoa ha lintho tseo tse peli tse amanang le tsona, liphello tse tlatsehang le tse senyang li hlahisoa ha ba arabelitsoeng ba etsoa ka hloko haholoanyane moralo o moholoanyane oo lipotso li botsitsoeng ho tsona. Bala Moore (2002) , ebe o qapa le ho etsa lipatlisiso ho MTurk ho bonahatsa liphello tse eketsang kapa tse tlohang.
[ ,, ] Christopher Antoun le basebetsi-'moho le eena (2015) ile ba etsa lipatlisiso ho bapisa mekhoa e metle e fumanoang mehloling e mene e fapaneng ea ho ngolisa Inthanete: MTurk, Craigslist, Google AdWords le Facebook. Etsa lipatlisiso tse bonolo 'me u kope barupeluoa ka bonyane mefuta e' meli e fapaneng ea ho fumana mehloli ea inthanete (mehloli ena e ka fapana le mehloli e mene e sebelisoang Antoun et al. (2015) ).
Bapisa litšenyehelo ka ho hira-ka chelete le nako-pakeng tsa mehloli e fapaneng.
Bapisa ho hlophisoa ha li-sampuli tse fumanoang mehloling e fapaneng.
Bapisa boleng ba data pakeng tsa lisele. Bakeng sa maikutlo a mabapi le ho lekanya boleng ba data ho ba arabelang, bona Schober et al. (2015) .
Mohloli oa hau o khethiloeng ke ofe? Hobane'ng?
[ ] Ka boiteko ba ho bolela esale pele liphello tsa EU ea 2016 Referendum (ke hore, Brexit), YouGov-e leng marang-rang a ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa 'maraka-a tsamaisoang marang-rang a sehlopha sa batho ba ka bang 800 000 ba arabelitsoeng United Kingdom.
Tlhaloso e qaqileng ea sebopeho sa lipalo tsa YouGov se ka fumanoa ho https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/21/yougov-referendum-model/. UGov o ile a arola likhetho ka mefuta e thehiloeng ho khetho ea likhetho ka kakaretso ea likhetho tsa 2015, lilemo, litšoaneleho, tekano le letsatsi la lipuisano, hammoho le sebaka seo ba neng ba lula ho sona. Ntlha ea pele, ba sebelisitse boitsebiso bo bokelletsoeng ho baGoGog panelist ho lekanyetsa, har'a ba ileng ba khetha, palo ea batho ba mofuta o mong le o mong oa likhetho ba neng ba rerile ho khetha. Ba hakanya hore ho na le mofuta o mong le o mong oa likhetho o sebelisoang Thutong ea Likhetho tsa Bongoli ba 2015 (BES), e leng phuputso ea likhetho ka morao-rao, e ileng ea tiisa ho tloha likhethong tsa likhetho. Qetellong, ba hakanya hore na batho ba bangata ba neng ba e-na le mofuta ofe le o mong oa likhetho ho khethiloe, ka lebaka la Patlisiso ea morao-rao ea sechaba le ea selemo le selemo (e nang le boitsebiso bo eketsehileng bo tsoang mehloling e meng ea litaba).
Matsatsi a mararo pele lekhetho, YouGov o bontšitse mohoeletsi oa lintlha tse peli tsa ho tloha. Bosiung ba ho vouta, phuputso eo e bontšitse hore sephetho se ne se le haufi le ho bitsa (49/51 lula). Tlhahlobo ea ho qetela ea letsatsi e boletse hore 48/52 e le ho rata ho lula (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/23/yougov-day-poll/). Ha e le hantle, tekanyetso ena e hlokometse phello ea ho qetela (Lekhetlo la 52/48) ka lintlha tse 'nè tsa palo.
Sebelisa moralo oa phoso oa lipatlisiso o tšohloang khaolong ena ho hlahloba hore na ho ka etsahala'ng.
Karabo ea UGov ka mor'a likhetho (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/brexit-follows-close-run-campaign/) e hlalositse: "Sena se bonahala se le karolo e kholo ka lebaka la ho etela-ntho e ' re boletse hore nako eohle e tla ba ea bohlokoa bakeng sa phello ea morabe o joalo o loketseng. Setšoantšo sa rona sa ho shebella sepheo se ne se thehiloe, ho sa tsotellehe hore na ba arabelitsoeng ke likhetho tsa likhetho tsa ho qetela 'me boemo ba boemo bo phahameng ka holim'a likhetho tse tloaelehileng bo ferekanya mohlala, haholo-holo Leboea. "Na see se fetola karabo ea hau karolong ea (a)?
[ ,, ] Ngola mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho bapisa ho bontša liphoso tsa boemeli bo hlahang ho setšoantšo sa 3.2.
Etsa boemo moo liphoso tsena li hlakoloang.
Etsa boemo moo liphoso li kopanang.
[ ,, ] Phuputso ea Blumenstock le basebetsi-'moho le eona (2015) ne e ameha ho haha ​​mochine oa ho ithuta mochine o neng o ka sebelisa lintlha tsa digital ho latela esale pele likarabo tsa lipatlisiso. Hona joale, u tla leka ntho e tšoanang le dataset e fapaneng. Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) fumane hore Facebook likes e ka bolela esale pele litšobotsi le litšobotsi tse itseng. Hoa makatsa hore ebe lintho tsena tse boletsoeng esale pele li ka nepahala ho feta tsa metsoalle le basebetsi-'moho le uena (Youyou, Kosinski, and Stillwell 2015) .
Bala Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) , 'me u phete palo ea 2. Takatso ea bona e fumaneha ho http://mypersonality.org/
Hona joale, pheta setšoantšo sa 3.
Qetellong, leka mohlala oa bona ka data ea hau ea Facebook: http://applymagicsauce.com/. E sebetsa hantle hakae ho uena?
[ ] Toole et al. (2015) sebelisitse litlaleho tsa lits'oaiso (CDRs) ka liselefouno tsa cellular ho bolela esale pele mekhoa ea ho hloka mesebetsi.
Bapisa le ho bapisa mokhoa oa ho ithuta oa Toole et al. (2015) le ea Blumenstock, Cadamuro, and On (2015) .
Na u nahana hore li-CDR li lokela ho nkela lipatlisiso tsa setso, li li tlatse kapa li se ke tsa sebelisoa ho bohle ba nang le melao-motheo ea mmuso ho lekola mosebetsi o sa sebetseng? Hobane'ng?
Ke bopaki bofe bo ka u kholisang hore li-CDR li ka nka sebaka ka ho feletseng mekhoa ea meetlo ea boemo ba ho hloka mosebetsi?