Overleaf is a Finalist for the 2016 Red Herring Top 100 Europe Award! - Overleaf, Online LaTeX-redigeringsprogram Issue 1, 2013 Health SA Gesondheid - Volume 18,
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Location of community pharmacies and prevalence of oral conditions in the Western Cape Province : original research
Neil G. Myburgh and
Health SA Gesondheid 18, pp 1 –9 (2013)
Community pharmacists are approached regularly for oral health advice; most commonly for ulcers which could be indicative of oral cancer, HIV, and various systemic diseases. Community pharmacists should know how to manage these conditions yet they have very limited training to manage these conditions appropriately. The area location and socioeconomic status (SES) of the pharmacy should be considered as it may influence patient management. A study of this nature has not yet been conducted in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. To determine the prevalence and frequency of oral complaints at community pharmacies and if these parameters differ by metropolitan location and SES. A cross-sectional survey of 162 randomly-selected private sector pharmacies was conducted. The sample (n = 121) was stratified by SES and metropolitan location. An open-ended structured questionnaire was faxed to pharmacists. A telephonic interview was conducted a day later. Community pharmacists were asked about the frequency and type of oral health problems they encountered. Most pharmacists (91%) dealt with oral health problems frequently, most commonly for ulcers (55.8%), thrush (49.2%), and toothache (33.3%). The results did not differ by metropolitan location and SES (Chi-squared, Fisher&apos;s Exact, p > 0.05), with the exception of toothache and mouth sores. Community pharmacists are an important part of an interdisciplinary team, and play a definite role in the early detection of oral health conditions, namely, caries, HIV and oral cancer. Training on common oral health conditions should be included in undergraduate pharmacy curricula and continuous professional development courses.
Factors influencing the quality of patient data captured by nurses for the tuberculosis control programme in Oshakati District, Namibia : original research
Linda V. Kagasi,
Lindiwe Zungu and
Health SA Gesondheid 18, pp 1 –7 (2013)
Die effektiewe beheer van tuberkulose steun grootliks op die algemene gesondheidstelsel van &apos;n land, veral op die goeie werkende primêre gesondheidsorgdienste. Die studie het faktore wat die gehalte van data vir die teringbeheerprogram in die Oshakati Distrik in Namibië ondersoek. &apos;n Kwantitatiewe, kontekstuele, kruisseksionele, beskrywende opname was onderneem met &apos;n steekproef van 50 verpleegpersoneel van verskillende kadres uit vyf departemente in Oshakati Staatshospitaal. Data was deur middel van &apos;n selftoegediende vraelys ingewin. Die meeste deelnemers het genoem dat teringverwante opleiding die korrekte afneem en rapportering onder verpleegpersoneel verbeter het, wat &apos;n vereiste is vir &apos;n gehalte teringbeheerprogram. Die aantal dokumente wat vir elke pasiënt voltooi moet word, beïnvloed die gehalte van data-aantekening en volledigheid. &apos;n Tekort aan bronne en gepaste opleiding, en kennis van tering-beheerriglyne, veral die gebruik van teringrekords om die kern teringaanwysers op te neem, was ander belangrike faktore wat die gehalte van data in die teringbeheerprogram beïnvloed het. Kennis, houdings en praktyk is die vernaamste faktore wat die gehalte van data in die program in die Oshakati Distrik beïnvloed.
The BETA nursing measure : its development and testing for nursing utility : original research
In the specialised nursing fields of rehabilitation, convalescence and gerontology requiring restorative nursing interventions, nurses are unable to measure, assess and evaluate accurately and routinely the outcomes of their patients&apos; activities of daily living (ADLs) due to the lack of validated nursing measures. The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing scale, named the BETA, which can be used routinely and embedded into the nursing process and care plan, enabling the primary nursing carer to measure, assess and evaluate patients&apos; ADLs. The first objective was to design and develop the BETA, a routine nursing scale, whereby caregivers and nursing auxiliaries can observe, score and record their patients&apos; activities of daily living. The second objective was to test the BETA&apos;s nursing utility to be used routinely. Two qualitative studies were done sequentially. Firstly, individual interviews were conducted to collect descriptive data from registered nurses (n = 6), nursing assistants, (n = 8) and caregivers (n = 16), skilled in the field of restorative care. In the first study, the data were analysed using inductive content analysis techniques to design and construct the BETA nursing measure. In the second study, the BETA&apos;s nursing utility was studied by means of the training of and testing the application of the BETA by a new team of professional nurses (n = 6) and caregivers (n = 48) working in a geriatric frail care unit. After 6 months, two homogenous focus groups consisting of registered nurses (n = 3) and caregivers (n = 5) representing this team were interviewed to explore the BETA&apos;s nursing utility. Descriptive data in the second study were analysed using deductive content analysis. The initial results were promising. The high levels of agreement on its acceptance, usefulness and confidence, to be used routinely as a nursing scale, confirmed the BETA&apos;s nursing utility. The BETA nursing scale has the potential to introduce restorative nursing as a new specialisation field in South African nursing, a much needed service required by patients and multidisciplinary teams. This, however, will depend on the construct validity of the BETA, a study to be reported on in a follow-up article.
Gespesialiseerde verpleging vir rehabilitasie, herstelling en gerontologie benodig restoratiewe intervensies, maar verpleegsters kan nie die uitkomste van hul pasiënte se aktiwiteite van daaglikse lewe (ADLs) akkuraat en geroetineerd meet, assesseer en evalueer nie, asgevolg van &apos;n gebrek aan geldige meet instrumente. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die BETA, &apos;n verplegings meet skaal, te ontwikkel wat roetineweg deel kan word van die verplegingsproses en sorgplan en wat die primêre versorger in staat stel om pasiënte se ADLs te meet, assesseer en evalueer. Die eerste doelwitte was om die BETA skaal te ontwerp en ontwikkel vir primêre versorgers om hul pasiënte se ADLs roetineweg te kan waarneem en opteken. Die tweede doelwit was om die BETA skaal se nuttigheid vir verpleegsters te toets. Daar is twee opeenvolgende kwalitatiewe studies gedoen. Eers is daar individuele onderhoude gevoer om beskrywende data te versamel van geregistreerde verpleegsters (n = 6), verpleegassistente, (n = 8) en versorgers (n = 16), wat bedrewe is in die veld van restoratiewe verpleging. In die eerste studie is die data geanaliseer met behulp van induktiewe inhoudsanalisetegnieke om die BETA skaal te ontwerp en op te stel. In die tweede studie is die BETA se nuttigheid vir verpleging bestudeer deur opleiding en toetsing in die toepassing van die BETA deur &apos;n nuwe span geregistreerde verpleegsters (n = 6) en versorgers (n = 48) wat in &apos;n versorgingseenheid vir geriatriese verswaktes werk. Na ses maande is twee homogene fokusgroepe gehou, bestaande uit geregistreerde verpleërs (n = 3) en versorgers (n = 5) wat hierdie span verteenwoordig, om die nuttigheid vir verpleging te ondersoek. Beskrywende data in die tweede studie is met behulp van deduktiewe inhoudsanalisetegnieke geanaliseer. Die aanvanklike resultate was belowend. Die BETA se nuttigheidsvlakke vir verpleging het hoë hoogtes van aanvaarding, betroubaarheid en vertroue bevestig. Die BETA-verplegingskaal het die potensiaal om restoratiewe verpleging as &apos;n nuwe spesialiseringsveld in Suid-Afrikaanse verpleging te bewerkstellig, &apos;n baie nodige diens vir beide pasiënte en multidissiplinêre spanne. Dit sal egter afhang van die geldigheid van die BETA, &apos;n studie waaroor daar in &apos;n opvolgartikel verslag gedoen sal word.
Home-prepared soymilk : potential to alleviate protein-energy malnutrition in low-income rural communities in South Africa? : original research
Sara S. Duvenage,
Gabriel N. Medoua and
Gabriel N. Medoua
Research findings reported pronounced protein and some energy shortfalls for school-aged children and female caregivers in rural communities in Qwa-Qwa, South Africa. The household gardening project was expanded to include soy cultivation. Subsequently, a process was developed for home-preparation of soymilk to support macronutrient consumption. The limited explorative experimental approach included chemical analysis for total protein (Kjeldahl digestion, spectrophotometric determination), total carbohydrate (Anthone method) and total lipid content (extraction, Gravimetric method, separation). Total energy content was calculated. All results were benchmarked against equivalents. Duplicate analysis of samples, respectively prepared from 1:2 (n = 6) and 1:4 (n = 4) volume ratios of rehydrated minced soybeans : water for cooking of soy mash, indicated statistically-significant differences for reported nutrients (p ≤ 0.05). Comparison between sourced commercial soymilk products for drinking indicated no statistical differences (p > 0.05). Although statistically-significant shortfalls were indicated for nearly all such values for home-prepared soymilk (1:4 ratio) against industrial &apos;SoyCow&apos; soymilk and values reported in the South African database for standardised nutrient composition of food (p ≤ 0.05), a much-needed contribution will be made to protein (and energy) intake through consumption of the product. More efficient extraction (possibly double mincing of rehydrated soybeans and more efficient pressing of cooked soy mash) should be explored, followed by an intervention study to evaluate the impact of daily consumption of home-prepared soymilk on the nutritional status of children in low-income communities. The development of recipes to promote the inclusion of undissolved fibre from the soymilk extraction process (okara) in dishes prepared at household level, such as bread, is recommended.
Navorsing het beduidende proteïen en minder ernstige energie te korte uitgewys by skoolkinders en vroulike versorgers in plattelandse gemeenskappe in Kwa-Kwa. Die huishoudelike tuinbouprojek is uitgebrei om soja-verbouing in te sluit en &apos;n proses is ontwikkel vir die tuisbereiding van sojamelk om makronutriënt inname te bevorder. Die beperkte eksperimentele benadering het chemiese analise vir totale proteïen (Kjeldahlvertering, spektro-fotometriese bepaling), totale koolhidraat (Anthonemetode) en totale lipied inhoud (ekstraksie, Gravimetriese metode, skeiding) ingesluit. Totale energie is bereken en alle resultate is met ekwivalente vergelyk. Duplikaatanalise van sojamelkmonsters, onderskeidelik berei van 1:2 (n = 6) en 1:4 (n = 4) volume verhoudings van gehidreerde gemaalde sojabone : water vir die kook van die sojapulp, het statisties-beduidende verskille uitgewys (p ≤ 0.05). Geen statisties-beduidende verskille is gevind in die makronutriëntwaardes van kommersiële sojamelkprodukte wat gedrink kan word nie (p > 0.05). Alhoewel statisties-beduidende tekorte vir bykans alle soortgelyke waardes van tuisbereide sojamelk (1:4) teenoor die industrieel bereide &apos;SoyCow&apos; produk en waardes gerapporteer in die Suid Afrikaanse databasis vir gestandardiseerde nutriëntsamestelling van voedsel (p ≤ 0.05) waargeneem is, sal inname van die tuisbereide produk tog &apos;n belangrike bydrae tot proteïen (en energie) inname kan lewer. Die effektiwiteit van &apos;n verbeterde nutriëntekstraksie, byvoorbeeld deur &apos;n dubbel-maalproses en meer effektiewe pers van die gekookte sojapulp, moet ondersoek word. &apos;n Intervensiestudie om die effek van daaglikse sojamelk inname op die voedingstatus van kinders in lae-inkomste bemeenskappe te meet, word aanbeveel. Verder word aanbeveel dat resepte ontwikkel word om die onopgeloste vesel wat oorbly na die melkmaak proses (okara) in huishoudelike geregte in te sluit, byvoorbeeld in die bereiding van brood.
Gender differences related to the health and lifestyle patterns of university students : original research
Christine Janse van Rensburg and
Health SA Gesondheid 18, pp 1 –8 (2013)
One of the transitions from adolescence to adulthood is the admission of students to a university setting. Accompanying this transition is a new-found independence which results in university students having more autonomy over their lifestyles and behaviours. The assumption in this setting is that many students are likely to engage in unhealthy and risky lifestyle behaviours which include alcohol abuse, tobacco use, physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary practices which may adversely affect their health in the long-term. In South Africa, research with regard to health and lifestyle patterns amongst both male and female young adults remains limited. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate whether male and female students differed in relation to their health and lifestyles, as well as the related consequences thereof. A convenience sampling technique was used, where questionnaires were administered to 400 students at three university campuses in the Gauteng province of South Africa. An exploratory data analysis for health factors was used in order to retrieve relevant factors from a factor and regression analysis. Differences in gender were tested by using cross-tabulation for descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis. The study found no statistically-significant differences between genders relating to the three emerging health factors, namely Gastrointestinal, Upper Respiratory Infections and Total Health Problems. However, descriptive statistics of lifestyle habits revealed that more female students exercised, smoked and binged on food than their male counterparts. It was also found that female students reported a higher incidence of stress than male students. It was concluded that university students do indeed engage in behaviours and lifestyles that place them at risk for serious health problems.
In die oorgang van adolessensie na jong volwassene, bevind studente hulself binne &apos;n universiteitsomgewing. Gepaartgaande met hierdie oorgang word nuutgevonde vryheid verkry, wat veroorsaak dat universiteitstudente meer beheer oor hul lewenstyl en gedrag uitoefen. Die waarskynlikheid bestaan dat baie studente in hierdie omgewing betrokke sal raak by &apos;n ongesonde en gewaagde lewenstyl, wat alkohol misbruik, tabak gebruik, fisieke onaktiwiteit en ongesonde eetgewoontes insluit. Bogenoemde is faktore wat student se gesondheid oor die langtermyn nadelig sal beïnvloed. Navorsing in Suid-Afrika oor gesondheid en lewenstylpatrone van verskillende geslagsgroepe onder jong volwassenes is skaars. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om ondersoek in te stel aangaande geslagsverskille in gesondheid en lewenstyl van studente, asook die betrokke nagevolge daarvan. &apos;n Gerieflikheidssteekproeftegniek is gebruik waartydens 400 vraelyste aan studente by drie verskillende universiteitskampusse in die Gauteng provinsie in Suid-Afrika versprei is. &apos;n Ondersoekende data analiese vir gesondheidsfakore is gebruik om toepaslike faktore te verkry vanuit &apos;n faktoren regressie analiese. Geslagsverskille is getoets deur gebruik te maak van kruis-tabulering vir beskrywende statistiek asook &apos;n &apos;Chi-square&apos; analiese. Die studie het geen statistiesbetekenisvolle verskille tussen geslagte getoon ten opsigte van die drie gesondheidsfaktore naamlik Gastro-intestinale, Boonste Asemhalingstelsel en Totale Gesondheid Probleme nie. Nietemin het beskrywende statistiek ten opsigte van lewenstyl gewoontes egter onthul dat meer vroulike studente aan fisieke aktiwiteit delneem, rook en hul vergryp aan kos. Daar is ook gevind dat vroulike studente meer gevalle van spanning gerapporteer het as manlike studente. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat universiteitstudente wel betrokke raak by gedrag en lewenstyle wat hul in gevaar stel vir ernstige gesondheidsprobleme.
Post-basic nursing students&apos; reflections on their experiences of dialogic mediation : original research
Nadine F. Petersen and
This article presents post-basic nursing students&apos; reflections on the way they experienced the pedagogy of dialogic mediation. The study addressed current debates about appropriate teaching methodologies for students in such a degree course and the role of the nurse educator in this regard. The authors used a qualitative research approach and posed the following research question: What are students&apos; reflections of their experiences of dialogic mediation and the influence of this on their ideas of teaching and learning? The study involved a cohort of students (n = 248) who were enrolled in a semester-long course in a post-basic nursing degree at a South African university. They were asked to respond to three open-ended questions regarding their experiences of a course that required engagement with a new teaching and learning strategy which expected active involvement. Data were collected from students&apos; written reflections and were analysed by searching for recurring themes and patterns. The findings revealed that students experienced extreme levels of frustration at the beginning of the course as their existing ideas about teaching and learning were challenged. They also found the new teaching techniques associated with this pedagogy to be demanding. However, once they understood the underlying principles and ideas, they began to understand the implications for their own learning and teaching practices.
Hierdie artikel handel oor nabasiese-verpleegstudente se nadenke oor die wyse waarop hulle die pedagogie van dialogiese bemiddeling ervaar het. Hierdie studie het aandag gegee aan huidige debatte oor geskikte onderrigmetodologieë vir studente in so &apos;n graadkursus en die rol van die verpleegkundige-opvoeder in hierdie opset. Die outeurs het &apos;n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering gebruik en het die volgende navorsingsvraag gestel: Wat is studente se nadenke oor hul ervarings van dialogiese bemiddeling en die invloed daarvan op hul idees van onderrig en leer? Die studie het &apos;n spesiefike kohort studente (n = 248) wat ingeskryf is by &apos;n semesterkursus in &apos;n nabasiese verpleeggraadprogram aan &apos;n Suid-Afrikaanse universiteit ingesluit. Hulle is gevra om op drie oop vrae te reageer oor hul ervarings van &apos;n kursus wat betrokkenheid by &apos;n nuwe onderrig- en leerstrategie vereis en waar aktiewe deelname verwag word. Data is uit studente se skriftelike nadenke ingesamel en is ontleed deur vir herhalende temas en patrone te soek. Die bevindings het getoon dat studente uiterste vlakke van frustrasie aan die begin van die kursus ervaar het, aangesien hul bestaande onderrig en leer uitgedaag is. Hulle het ook die nuwe onderrigtegniek wat met hierdie pedagogie gepaardgaan veeleisend gevind. Nadat hulle egter die onderliggende beginsels en idees verstaan het, het hulle begin om die implikasies van hul eie leer- en onderrigpraktyke te verstaan.
The nutrition situation of free-living elderly in Umlazi township, South Africa : original research
Carin Napier and
Die risiko vir chroniese siektes soos hipertensie, diabetes, beroerte en hartkwaal is steeds baie hoog in die bejaardes in Suid Afrika. Dit word deur faktore soos ekonomiese status en ervarings oor die hele lewesiklus gevorm en verander. Voedings probleme wat geïndentifiseer is in die studie hou verband met dieettekorte, alhoewel probleme met oorvoeding verband kan hou met die voedings oorgang wat plaasvind in Suid Afrikaanse gemeenskappe. In verskeie gemeenskappe, as gevolg van die graad van afhanklikheid van ander vir hulp en sorg, is die bejaardes blootgestel aan die risiko van wanvoeding. Die bejaardes van die Umlazi gemeenskap is oorlaai met die sosiale verantwoordelikheid van kleinkinders en probeer om verskeie huishoudings te stabiliseer, wat &apos;n dubbele las op hulle plaas en dit kan hulle lewenskwaliteit affekteer wat dan hul voedingstatus verder kan vererger.
Voluntary counselling and testing for young adults in Limpopo Province - counsellors&apos; perceptions : original research
Patrone R. Risenga,
Health SA Gesondheid 18, pp 1 –11 (2013)
Counselling and testing services for HIV have long been a component of HIV prevention and care programmes in developed countries and have proved to be a cost-effective way of reducing risky behaviours. It is, therefore, important to document the perceptions of voluntary counselling and testing counsellors towards the use of counselling and testing amongst young adults. The purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions of these counsellors dealing with young adults in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, where the study was conducted. Two themes emerged from the findings of the voluntary counselling and testing counsellors, namely that they feel that the programmes are inaccessible to young adults and that there are difficulties which might impact on the programmes&apos; efficacy. The findings of this study should contribute to the reduction of HIV by promoting voluntary counselling and testing uptake by young adults.
Berading- en toestingsdienste vir HIV is lankal reeds &apos;n geintegreerde deel van die voorkoming en versorgingsprogramme van HIV in ontwikkelde lande en dit is bewys dat dit &apos;n koste-effektieve manier is om gevaarlike gedrag te verminder. Dit is dus belangrik om die persepsies van vrywillige berading en toesting deur beraders ten opsigte van die gebruik van beraders onder jong volwassenes, te staaf. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die persepsies van hierdie beraders wat met jong volwassenes in die Vhembe distrik, Limpopo provinsie, werk, te beskryf. Twee temas het uit die bevindinge te voorskyn gekom, naamlik: dat die programme ontoeganglik vir jong mense is, en dat daar moontlike probleme is wat op die doeltreffenheid van die programme inslaan. Die bevindinge van hiedie studie behoort &apos;n bydrae te maak tot die vermindering van HIV deur die vrywillige berading en toesting by jong mense aan te beveel.
Nurses and care workers&apos; perceptions of their nurse-patient therapeutic relationship in private general hospitals, Gauteng, South Africa : original research
Anna E. Van den Heever,
Facilitation of a therapeutic relationship is an essential skill in nursing, particularly in mental-health care. Nurses and care workers in private general hospitals are exposed to the emotional effects of physical illness as well as the increase in admission of patients with mental-health needs. Poor nurse-patient relationships have been reported by patients and in the media. The researchers experienced incidents of apparent misunderstandings during nurse-patient interactions whilst working in private general hospitals. No studies have been done regarding how nurses and care workers perceive a therapeutic relationship with patients in terms of the patients&apos; emotional and mental-health needs. A quantitative, contextual and deductive study was conducted in three private general hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa with a purposive sample of 154 nurses and 30 care workers. Based on the concepts of a therapeutic relationship, empathy, positive regard, genuineness, concreteness and self-exploration, nurses and care workers&apos; perceptions of facilitating a therapeutic relationship were self-assessed using five-point scales in a questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical techniques. Specific hypotheses were tested to identify whether statistically-significant differences existed between the perceptions of two or more groups of nurses and care workers. Results showed a general insensitivity and lack of awareness and reflection on the part of nurses and care workers with regard to the patients&apos; emotional needs. When categories of nurses were compared, no statistically-significant differences were found between the perceptions of the various groups tested. There is a need for self-awareness, continued interpersonal skills training and supervision of nurses and care workers. A large percentage of the participants were younger than 40 years, subprofessional, with less than 10 years&apos; experience as nurses or care workers. Private general hospitals should therefore equip all nurses and care workers with the necessary skills to facilitate a therapeutic relationship and to understand the emotional needs of all patients with both physical and emotional needs.
Fasilitering van &apos;n terapetiese verhouding is &apos;n essensiële vaardigheid in verpleging en veral in geestesgesondheid. Verpleegkundiges in private algemene hospitale is blootgestel aan die emosionele gevolge van fisiese siekte asook die toenemende toelating van pasiënte met geestesgesondheidsbehoeftes. Swak verpleegkundige-pasiënt verhoudings is deur pasiënte en in die media gerapporteer, terwyl die navorsers van oënskynlike misverstande tydens interaksies tussen verpleegkundiges en pasiënte bewus geword het tydens hulle werk in private algemene hospitale. Geen studies is gedoen oor hoe verpleegkundiges en versorgers hulle terapeutiese verhouding met pasiënte in terme van hulle emosionele en geestesgesondheidsbehoeftes ervaar nie. &apos;n Kwantitatiewe, kontekstuele en deduktiewe studie was in drie private algemene hospitale in Gauteng, Suid Afrika gedoen, met &apos;n doelgerigte steekproef van 154 verpleegkundiges en 30 versorgers. Verpleegkundige persepsies van die fasilitering van &apos;n terapeutiese verhouding gebaseer op die konsepte van &apos;n terapeutiese verhouding, empatie, positiewe agting, opregtheid, konkreetheid en selfondersoek is met self-assessering op &apos;n vyf-punt skaal van &apos;n vraelys bepaal. Data was geanaliseer met beskrywende statistieke en nie-parametriese tegnieke. Spesifieke hipoteses was getoets om te identifiseer of daar statistiese-betekenisvolle verskille tussen twee of meer kategorieë van verpleegkundiges bestaan. Resulte dui op &apos;n algemene ongevoeligheid en lae bewustheidsvlak en refleksie van verpleegkundiges en versorgers ten opsigte van die pasiënte se emosionele behoeftes. Geen statistiese-betekenisvolle verskille is tussen die persepsies van die verskillende groepe in die navorsing gevind nie. Daar is &apos;n behoefte aan self-gewaarwording en voortdurende opleiding in interpersoonlike vaardighede en ondersteuning aan verpleegkundiges en versorgers. &apos;n Groot persentasie van die deelnemers was jonger as 40 jaar, sub-professioneel, met minder as 10 jaar ondervinding as verpleegkundiges. Private algemene hospitale moet dus alle verpleegkundiges en versorgers toerus met die nodige vaardighede om &apos;n terapeutiese verhouding te fasiliteer om al hulle pasiënte se fisiese en emosionele behoeftes te verstaan.
Perceptions of traditional health practitioners on violence in the Helderberg Municipal Area, Western Cape : original research
Hierdie studie oor persepsies van geweld is gedoen met 56 tradisionele gesondheidspraktisyns (waarsêers: amagrirha) in die Helderberg Munisipale gebied van Kaapstad Metro. Dit vorm deel van &apos;n groter studie gerig op Afrika-medisyne. Hierdie spesifieke navorsing fokus op hoe tradisionele gesondheidspraktisyns geweld beskou, insluitende geslags-gebaseerde geweld. Individuele, in-diepte onderhoude is gevoer met 21 tradisionele gesondheidspraktisyns en fokusgroepbesprekings is gehou met 35 deelnemers. Die artikel doen verslag oor hoe tradisionele gesondheidspraktisyns gemeenskaps- en geslags-gebaseerde geweld verstaan en daaran betekenis heg in &apos;n stedelike opset. Die tradisionele gesondheidspraktisyns verbind geweld met &apos;n reeks diskonneksies in die gemeenskap, wat wissel van &apos;n gebrek aan gehoor ten opsigte van tradisionale norme en praktyke tot verbrokkeling van verhoudings tussen ouers en kinders, binne families en in huweliks- en geslagsverhoudings. Hulle het verwys na &apos;n algemene persepsie van ontwrigting tussen die lewendes en die wêreld van die voorouers. Die akkumulatiewe effek van hierdie gevoel van verbrokkeling word gesien as afbrekend en &apos;n voorspel tot geweld. In twee plekke waar daar hoë konsentrasies van geweld was, is seremonies gehou om die areas ritueel te reining. Bykomend tot die aandag aan fisiese manifestasies van siekte, nood en geweld, het hierdie tradisionale gesondheidspraktisyns gepoog om behoorlike sosiale verhoudings tussen die lewendes te verbeter en te herstel, sowel as tussen die lewendes en die gestorwenes.
The DELTA® nursing measure : its development and testing for nursing utility : original research
In the specialised nursing field of acute mental illness nurses expressed a need to measure and evaluate their patients&apos; mental-health outcomes both empirically and routinely. The aim was to develop and test a measurement tool, named the DELTA nursing measure, which could be embedded routinely into the nursing process and care plans, enabling the psychiatric nurses to score and evaluate their patients&apos; acute mental-health outcomes. A qualitative, exploratory study design was used to address two sequential objectives. Firstly, qualitative data that described observable behaviours in patients with acute mental illness were collected from psychiatric nurses (n = 5) who were experienced in acute mental healthcare. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis techniques to design and construct the DELTA nursing measure. In the second objective, the nursing utility of the DELTA nursing measure was studied. This was done by training and testing a new team of psychiatric nurses (n = 25) working in a 116-bed acute psychiatric hospital, in the application of the DELTA nursing measure. After 30 months a focus group (n = 6) representing this team was held to explore their perceptions and experiences of the nursing utility of the newly-developed measure. The descriptive data were analysed using deductive content analysis techniques. The outcome of the DELTA nursing measure as a routine nursing measure of acute mental illness provided good results. The nursing-utility characteristics have confirmed positive responses with regard to its acceptance, usefulness and confidence as a worthwhile tool to be used in expediting nursing services in acute mental healthcare. The positive responses to the DELTA nursing measure are noteworthy. It has the potential to add substantial value to the mental health care field in nursing by adding a measurable dimension to patient outcomes, a much needed requirement by patients, multidisciplinary teams and healthcare funders.
Evaluation of caregivers&apos; knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding oral lesions in HIV-patients : a pilot study : original research
Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf and
Seventy to ninety percent of HIV-infected individuals have oral lesions that affect their quality-of-life. Caregivers play an important role in complementing the healthcare team. It is essential that the caregivers have optimal knowledge, beliefs and practices toward the management of care regarding oral-lesions in HIV-infected patients in caregiving institutions in Johannesburg, South Africa. To measure the knowledge, beliefs and practices relating to oral lesions in HIV infection amongst caregivers in caregiving institutions in Johannesburg. This cross-sectional pilot study conducted during 2005 and 2006 involved caregivers in palliative care institutions in Region 8, Johannesburg Metropolitan area (n = 52). Using a questionnaire, information obtained included demographics, knowledge, beliefs and practices with regard to oral care for HIV-positive patients. Principal component analysis was used to extract questionnaire items of the knowledge domain. The knowledge domain displayed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α-score of > 0.91). Of the caregivers, 65.4% had received training in oral care. Compared to caregivers not trained in oral care (NTOC), those caregivers trained in oral care (TOC) were more likely to be older (31 yrs vs. 44 yrs; p = 0.001), female (72% vs. 94%; p = 0.03) and were less likely to be employed on a full-time basis (94% vs. 68%; p = 0.03). Compared with NTOCs, TOCs had more knowledge regarding HIV-specific lesions and &apos;routine&apos; oral-care for the patients (p < 0.005). Similarly, TOC caregivers had more positive beliefs about oral care for those living with HIV (p < 0.05). Offering training in oral healthcare to caregivers improves their knowledge of oral lesions and their beliefs about oral care.
Sewentig tot negentig persent van MIV-geïnfekteerde individue mondelinge letsels wat hul kwaliteit van lewe. Versorgers speel &apos;n belangrike rol in die aanvulling van die gesondheidsorg span. Dit is noodsaaklik dat die versorgers het &apos;n beter kennis, oortuigings en praktyke na die bestuur van sorg met betrekking tot mondelinge letsels in MIV-geïnfekteerde pasiënte in die versorgingstaak van instellings in Johannesburg, Suid-Afrika. Om die kennis, oortuigings en praktyke met betrekking tot mondelinge letsels in MIV-infeksie onder versorgers in die versorgingstaak van instellings in Johannesburg te meet. Hierdie deursnee-loodsstudie uitgevoer gedurende 2005 en 2006 betrokke versorgers in palliatiewe sorg instellings in Streek 8, Johannesburg Metropolitaanse gebied (n = 52). Met behulp van &apos;n vraelys, inligting ingesluit demografie, kennis, oortuigings en praktyke met betrekking tot mondelinge sorg vir MIV-positiewe pasiënte. Principal component analise is gebruik om vraelys items te onttrek van die kennis domein. Die kennis domein vertoon uitstekende interne konsekwentheid (Cronbach α-telling van > 0,91). Van die versorgers, het 65.4% ontvang opleiding in mondelinge sorg. Vergeleke met versorgers wat nie opgelei in mondelinge sorg (NTOC), die versorgers opgelei in mondelinge sorg (TOC), was meer geneig om ouer (31 jaar teen 44 jaar; p = 0.001), vroue (72% teen 94%; p = 0.03) en is minder geneig om te word op &apos;n voltydse basis (94% teen 68%, p = 0.03) in diens geneem. Vergeleke met NTOCs, TOCs versorgers het meer kennis aangaande MIV-spesifieke letsels en roetine &apos;mondelinge sorg vir die pasiënte (p < 0,005). TOC versorgers het meer positiewe oortuigings oor mondelinge sorg vir diegene wat met MIV (p < 0.05). Aanbod opleiding in mondelinge gesondheidsorg te versorgers verbeter hul kennis van mondelinge letsels en hulle oortuigings oor mondelinge sorg.
In the eyes of older adults : self-reported age and adjustment in African and European older adults : original research
Sofia Von Humboldt,
Filipa Pimenta and
Health SA Gesondheid 18, pp 1 –10 (2013)
To explore older adults&apos; perceptions of subjective age and adjustment to ageing and to analyse the correlational structure of the pre-categories in our study: subjective age, indicators of adjustment to ageing and of personal age perception. An exploratory, descriptive mixed-methods design was utilised. A purposive sampling method was used to select 154 older adults aged between 75 and 99 years from three different nationalities. Semi-structured interviews were performed, addressing two core areas: subjective age and adjustment to ageing. Data was subjected to content analysis. Representation of the correlational structure of the pre-categories in our study (subjective age and indicators of adjustment to ageing) were analysed by a Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Standardised instruments measured regular cognitive abilities. Five categories derived from interviews for subjective age: &apos;adapted&apos;, &apos;disconnected&apos;, &apos;old&apos;, &apos;youthful&apos; and &apos;tolerant&apos;. A total of seven categories emerged as indicators of adjustment to ageing: &apos;social networking&apos;, &apos;health&apos;, &apos;time perspective&apos;, &apos;spirituality&apos;, &apos;financial autonomy&apos;, &apos;professional activities&apos; and &apos;fulfilment and leisure&apos;. These results supported a model for each pre-category. Subjective age was explained by a two-factor model: &apos;age-conscientious&apos; and &apos;youthful&apos;. A three-dimensional model formed by &apos;reconciled&apos;, &apos;satisficers&apos; and &apos;maximisers&apos; was indicated as a best-fit solution for adjustment to ageing. A three-dimensional overall model for PAP was formed by &apos;age-cognisant&apos;, &apos;fulfilled&apos; and &apos;satisficers&apos;. The findings highlighted the underdeveloped potential of subjective age, adjustment to ageing and a personal age perception overall model for this population. Enhancing subjective age and adjustment to ageing might be an important target to improve older adults&apos; interventions&apos; outcomes.
Hierdie artikel het ten doel om ouer volwassenes se persepsies aangaande subjektiewe ouderdom en aanpassing by veroudering te ondersoek en om die korrelatiewe struktuur van die pre-kategorieë te ontleed: subjektiewe ouderdom, indikators van aanpassing by veroudering en persepsies oor persoonlike ouderdom. Die artikel gebruik &apos;n eksploratiewe, deskriptiewe gemengdemetode-ontwerp. &apos;n Doelgerigte steekproefmetode is gebruik om 154 ouer volwassenes tussen die ouderdom van 75 en 99 uit drie verskillende nasionaliteite te kies. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude is met hulle gevoer en dit het op twee kerngebiede gefokus: subjektiewe ouderdom en aanpassing by veroudering. Die data is aan &apos;n inhoudsanalise onderwerp. Die representasie van die korrelatiewe struktuur van die pre-kategorieë in die studie (subjektiewe ouderdom en indikators van aanpassing by veroudering) is met behulp van &apos;n veelvuldige-ooreenkoms-analise gedoen. Gestandaardiseerde instrumente het reguliere kognitiewe vermoëns gemeet. Vyf kategorieë vir subjektiewe ouderdom is uit die onderhoude afgelei: &apos;aangepas&apos;, &apos;gediskonnekteer&apos;, &apos;oud&apos;, &apos;jeugdig&apos; en &apos;verdraagsaam&apos;. &apos;n Totaal van sewe kategorieë het as indikators van aanpassing by veroudering na vore gekom: &apos;sosiale netwerking&apos;, &apos;gesondheid&apos;, &apos;tydsperspektief&apos;, &apos;spiritualiteit&apos;, &apos;finansiële outonomiteit&apos;, &apos;professionele aktiwiteite&apos; en &apos;vervulling en vrye tyd&apos;. Die resultate ondersteun &apos;n model vir elke pre-kategorie. Subjektiewe ouderdom is deur &apos;n tweefaktor-model verduidelik: &apos;ouderdomsbewustheid&apos; en &apos;jeugdig&apos;. &apos;n Drie-dimensionele model is as die beste oplossing vir aanpassing by verandering aangedui, te wete &apos;versoen&apos;, &apos;tevrede met wat voldoende is&apos; (satisficers) en &apos;maksimaliseerder&apos;. &apos;n Oorkoepelende drie-dimensionele model vir PAP (die Sielkundevereniging van die Filippyne) is gevorm deur die kategorieë &apos;ouderdom-bewus&apos;, &apos;vervul&apos; en &apos;tevrede met wat voldoende is&apos;. Die bevindings beklemtoon die onderontwikkelde potensiaal van subjektiewe ouderdom, aanpassing by veroudering en &apos;n oorkoepelende model vir persepsies oor persoonlike ouderdom in hierdie populasie. Die bevordering van subjektiewe ouderdom en aanpassing by veroudering sou belangrike doelwitte kon wees ten einde intervensie-uitkomste onder ouer volwassenes te verbeter.
Social and health determinants of gender differences in disability amongst older adults in South Africa : original research
Daar was &apos;n ongekende toename in bevolkingsveroudering, wat &apos;n toename in die voorkoms van verskeie gesondheidstoestande tot gevolg gehad het, insluitende gestremdheid en gepaardgaande faktore. Die studie was daarop gemik om die voorkoms en voorspelbaarheid van die funksionele status en gestremdheid onder ouer Suid-Afrikaners te ondersoek. Daar is min bekennis oor gestremdheid onder ouer Suid-Afrikaners omdat vorige gesondheidsnavorsing meestal op jonger individue en oordraagbare siektes ingestel was. Ons het &apos;n nasionale bevokings-gebaseerde kruis-seksionele ondersoek uitgevoer op &apos;n studiemonster van 3840 Suid-Afrikaners, 50-jaar en ouer. Om die verband tussen sosiale faktore, gesondheidsveranderlikes en funksionele gestremdheid te bepaal, is veelvuldig veranderlike regressie-analise uitgevoer. In die algemeen het 37.2% van die respondente matig of ernstige funksionele gestremdheid ervaar wat hoër was onder vroue. Die hoogste vorm van gestremdheid was op die gebiede van beweeglikehid, waarneming en deelname. Die voorkoms van gestremdheid was op alle gebiede hoër in vroue, behalwe op die gebied van selfsorg. Multi-veranderlike ontledings onder mans het getoon dat funksionele gestremdheid geassosieer word met ouderdom, met &apos;n mate van primêre onderwys, met die Indiese of Asiatiese bevolkingsgroep, en met diegene wat ly aan kroniese toestande (beroerte, slaapprobleme snags), fisiese onaktiwiteit en &apos;n laer lewenskwaliteit. Die studie het implikasies vir strategiese planne in die gesondheidsektor wat daarop gemik is om gestremdheid te voorkom en om toegang tot genesende en rehabiliterende sorg te verseker. Hierdie studie verskaf &apos;n grondslag van bewyse waarop beleid- en gesondheidsorg-bestuurstelsels in die toekoms gebaseer kan word.
Reflections from the Editor-in-Chief on 2013 : editorial
Health SA Gesondheid 18, pp 1 –2 (2013)
Thirty-five articles have been published in this year&apos;s edition. The topics ranged from issues faced by nurses, individuals infected and affected by HIV and AIDS, health issues of the elderly, health issues of adolescents to multidisciplinary health care. Research published in this 2013 edition was conducted throughout Africa by researchers from Africa and Europe.
The emotional intelligence of a group of critical-care nurses in South Africa : original research
Critical-care nurses often look after three or more critically-ill patients during a shift. The workload and emotional stress can lead to disharmony between the nurse&apos;s body, mind and spirit. Nurses with a high emotional intelligence have less emotional exhaustion and psychosomatic symptoms; they enjoy better emotional health; gain more satisfaction from their actions (both at work and at home); and have improved relationships with colleagues at work. The question arises: what is the emotional intelligence of critical-care nurses? A quantitative survey was conducted. The target population was registered nurses working in critical-care units who attended the Critical Care Congress 2009 (N = 380). Data were collected with the use of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Short Form and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. The sample (n = 220) was mainly a mature, female and professionally-experienced group of registered nurses. They held a variety of job descriptions within various critical-care units. Statistics indicated that the standard deviations were small and no aberrant aspects such as demographics skewed the findings. The conclusion was made that registered nurses who are older and that have more experience in critical care appear to have a higher range of emotional intelligence.
Kritiekesorg-verpleegkundiges verpleeg dikwels drie of meer pasiënte wat kritiek siek is, tydens een skof. Die werkslading kan tot emosionele spanning ly wat &apos;n wanbalans tussen die liggaam, siel en gees van die verpleegkundiges laat ontstaan. Verpleekundiges met &apos;n hoë emosionele intelligensie ondervind minder emosionele uitbranding en psigosomatiese symptome. Hulle toon &apos;n beter emosionele gesondheid, ervaar meer werks- en tuisbevrediging en het beter verhoudings met hulle kollegas. The vraag wat ontstaan is &apos;wat is die emosionel intelligensie van kritieksorg-verpleegkundiges?&apos; Die toeganglike populasie (N = 380) was geregistreerde verpleegkundiges wat tans in die kritiek sorgeenhede werksaam was en die Critical Care Congress in 2009 bygewoon het. Die data is deur die gebruikmaking van die &apos;Trait Emotional Intelligence Short Form&apos; vraelys ingesamel. Die data is statisties met behulp van die SPSS ontleed. Die populasie (n = 220) was hoofsaaklik n groepe volwasse, vroulike en professioneel ervare verpleegkundiges. Hulle het &apos;n verskeidenheid van posbeskrywing in die kritieke-sorgeenhede beklee. Die statistieke het &apos;n minimale standaardafwyking aangetoon. Die gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat geregistreede verpleegkundiges wat ouer en meer ervaring in kritieke sorgverpleging het, &apos;n hoër vlak van emosionele intelligensie het.