Hemidesmus indicus
Hemidesmus indicus, Indian sarsaparilla is a species of plant that is found in South Asia. It is a slender, laticiferous, twining, sometimes prostrate or semi-erect shrub. Roots are woody and aromatic. The stem is numerous, slender, terete, thickened at the nodes. The leaves are opposite, short-petioled, very variable, elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate. The flowers are greenish outside, purplish inside, crowded in sub-sessile axillary cymes. It occurs over the greater part of India, from the upper Gangetic plain eastwards to Assam and in some places in central, western and South India. The root is a  substitute for sarsaparilla (the dried root of the tropical species of "Smilax", Smilacaceae; in India "Smilax aspera" , and "Smilax ovalifolia" ). It should be distinguished from Mexican Sarsaparilla "Smilax" "aristolochiifolia" and Jamaican Sarsaparilla "Smilax ornata" . Names. Hindi: () or (); Tamil: () or (); ; , Kannada: (); Sinhala: (); क्षीरिणी Kshirini, कराला Karala, اُشبا Punjabi; Konkani: "dukshiri". In Ayurveda it goes by the name of "ananthamoola" (अनंत मूल), also known locally in Southern India as "naruneendi" or "nannari", (Sanskrit meaning: "endless root"). It is also known as "anant vel" (अनंतवेल)/"maeen mool" (माईन मूळ) in Marathi. In southern states of India (particularly Tamil Nadu), sarsaparilla roots are called "maahali  or mahani kizhangu". It is also called the false sarsaparilla. Traditional uses. "Hemidesmus indicus" is used to make beverages like nannari sharbat, and also used in traditional medicine. It is administered in the form of powder, infusion or decoction as syrup. It is one of the Rasayana plants of Ayurveda. In southern states of India (particularly Tamil Nadu), the pickled roots are served along with rice dishes. It is sometimes confused with another Ayurvedic herb called white . The alcoholic extract of Hemidesmus indicusR.Br. possesses a significant antinociceptive activity. The extracts from the root are used in syrup with sugar and  a dash of lemon (Sharbat) and served at most small refreshment shops in South India. Chemical constituents. The roots of "H. indicus" contain hexatriacontane, lupeol, its octacosanoate, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, its acetate and sitosterol. It also contains new coumarino-lignoid-hemidesminine, hemidesmin I and hemidesmin II50, six pentacyclic triterpenes including two oleanenes, and three ursenes. The stem contains calogenin acetylcalogenin-3-0-β-D-digitoxopyrannosyl-0-β-D-digitoxopyronsyl-0-β-D-digitoxopyranoside. It also afforded 3-keto-lup-12-en-21 28-olide along with lupanone, lupeol-3-β-acetate, hexadecanoic acid, 4-methoxy-3-methoxybenzalaldehyde and 3-methoxy-4-5methoxybenzalaldehydglycosides-indicine and hemidine. The leaves  contain tannins, flavonoids, hyperoside, rutin and coumarino. Leucoderma lignoids such as hemidesminine, hemidesmin I and hemidesmin II are rare group of naturally occurring compounds present in leaves.