Theological Institute of Nîmes
The Theological Institute of Nîmes (also named ITN) is a Baptist-oriented college and seminary created in Uchaud, Gard, in 1989 by Louis DeMeo, a Baptist pastor of the American Greater Grace World Outreach Church. Thereafter, the institute moved to Montpellier. This institute was mainly known for its inclusion on the list of dangerous cults established by the Parliamentary Commission on Cults in France in the 1995 report, which led to a public controversy involving the American Department of State and several international associations which disapproved the decision. History. Established in 1989, the institute was directed  by Louis DeMeo, a pastor of the American Greater Grace World Outreach Church, whose headquarters are located in Baltimore, Maryland. However, in spite of the ties of its founder with the American church, the ITN was organized as "an independent Baptist group". Expert of evangelical Protestantism Sébastien Fath said that the ITN was "originally characterized by voluntary isolation from all French evangelical existing networks", a "very pronounced anti-social speech, almost self-sufficient practices". He also said that it was in "considerable out of phase with its environment, coupled with a propensity for a victimizing reading of its situation (though  more due to its wanted isolation than its religious identity)", but he also said that the situation would have changed since. After several years of existence, the college was closed on the ground of "illegal operation of a private school", and moved to Montpellier where it took another name. Reception. In France, the institute was classified as a cult in the 1995 parliamentary reports. Following this classification, pastor Louis DeMeo who directed the Institute testified before the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, in Washington, DC, arguing violations of religious freedom by the French government. DeMeo said that his  Institute underwent an alleged "persecution" just after the publication of the parliamentary report. He mentioned as examples an explosion and four burned cars by a stranger, problems of bank accounts for several ITN students, refusal of a building permit for a church, the fact that two members were fired from their jobs, accusations of brainwashing on children, and denial of access to a public hall. He said that the inclusion of ITN on the cults list was "extremely unjust, given the fact [they] have never been given an official hearing or explanation for [their] inclusion on this list", and generated  discriminatory behaviors. As the ITN is Baptist-oriented, which is one of the main religions in United States, its inclusion in the list of dangerous cults received much attention from the US Department of State which strongly criticized this decision and devoted to this four paragraphs in its 1999 Annual Report on Religious Freedom. The Institute received support from several organizations through their officials who defended it. For example, the Rutherford Institute, an international civil liberties and human rights legal defense organization, wrote to Alain Vivien, then member of the Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les sectes, to ask him  to remove the ITN from the list of cults. Willy Fautré, a member of Human Rights Without Frontiers, criticized the fact that the ITN was presented in the media as "a disturbing tentacular organisation" and the pastor as a "guru". Member of the United States Department of State's Commission of International Religious Freedom Jeremy T. Gunn met the MILS on 6 April 1999 and discussed about the institute, reiterating DeMeo's claims to the anti-cult organization. According to its critics, DeMeo's parent church, the Greater Grace World Outreach, would be "a fellow traveler of the Church of  Scientology". The MILS pointed out that complaints for the cars destroyed were the subject of police investigations which were unable to attribute the origin of this incident to external responsibilities, because of a lack of evidence. In the press, former ITN followers criticized the institute for important calls for donation, pressures exerted on the followers, interventions in private life, family breakdowns and demonization of the external world. On 27 May 2005, the 1995 annex of the French report and cult classifications in which the institute was listed, were officially cancelled and invalidated by Jean-Pierre Raffarin's circulaire. Theological Institute