Ctenizidae
Ctenizidae is a small family of mygalomorph spiders that construct burrows with a cork-like trapdoor made of soil, vegetation, and silk. They may be called trapdoor spiders, as are other, similar species, such as those of the families Liphistiidae, Barychelidae, and Cyrtaucheniidae, and some species in the Idiopidae and Nemesiidae. The name comes from the distinctive behavior of the spiders to construct trapdoors, and ambush prey from beneath them. In 2018, the family Halonoproctidae was split off from the Ctenizidae. A further genus, "Stasimopus", was split off into its own family, Stasimopidae, in 2020. The family currently consists  of two genera and five species. Etymology. The name derives from Greek "ktenizein", meaning "combing" or "cleaning", referring to their behaviour of cleaning continuously, and the suffix "-idae", which designates belonging to a family. Taxonomy. The family Ctenizidae was first described by Thorell in 1887, being based on the genus "Cteniza". Since the advent of molecular phylogenetics and its application to spiders, the family has been progressively dismantled; the World Spider Catalog lists over 100 genera formerly placed in Ctenizidae but now transferred to other families. The Halonoproctidae were split off in 2018, leaving only three genera. Even so, the  family was not monophyletic, since "Stasimopus" is not in the same clade as the other two genera, according to a 2018 study (the three genera left in the Ctenizidae at that time are shaded in yellow): In 2020, a large scale molecular phylogenetic study confirmed the placement of "Stasimopus" outside the clade consisting of "Cteniza" and "Cyrtocarenum", and transferred it to its own family, Stasimopidae. This placement is accepted by the World Spider Catalog . Genera. , the World Spider Catalog accepted only two extant genera: Distribution and habitat. The two genera of Ctenizidae are found in Europe and Turkey, particularly in  France and Italy. Like many other mygalomorphs, "Cteniza" have highly localized distributions. This results in clumps of spider burrows a short distance from their maternal burrows, resulting in a dense cluster of spiders surrounding a large female.