The Technical Cooperation Program
The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) is a long-standing international organisation concerned with cooperation on defence science and technology matters, including national security and civil defence. Its membership comprises Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). History. Declaration Of Common Purpose. TTCP commenced in 1957 as a bilateral activity between the United Kingdom and the United States when the US President and the UK Prime Minister made the following Declaration of Common Purpose: Tripartite Technical Cooperation Program. Immediately following the Declaration of Common Purpose, the Canadian government subscribed to the  principle of interdependence and was admitted by the UK and the US. The resulting arrangement was known as the Tripartite Technical Cooperation Program (or TTCP for short). Australia and New Zealand. Australia joined TTCP in 1965; the organisation's name was changed from Tripartite Technical Cooperation Program" to The Technical Cooperation Program", which allowed the abbreviation for the organisation to be kept as TTCP. New Zealand joined TTCP in 1969. Organisation. Top level. The organisation of TTCP is headed up by a senior official from each of the five participating nations, known collectively as the Principals. Supporting the Principals are  their TTCP Deputies, based in Washington, and a secretariat. Technical organisation. Reporting to the Principals are a number of multilateral "TTCP Groups", each comprising Technical Panels and time limited Action Groups. In April 2009 there were 11 TTCP Groups: Each Technical Panel is expected to establish and monitor major collaborative projects in priority areas of defined mutual national interest. An Action Group is more limited in scope than a Technical Panel and has clearly stated objectives and preset milestones. It is formed by a "TTCP Group" to address a specific high priority problem and is terminated on completion of its  assignment. With the cutbacks in US and Australian defense/defence spending at the start of the 2010s, international face-to-face interaction in TTCP has been severely reduced. The "Five Eyes" and other international organisations. Three TTCP nations (Canada, UK and the US) are also members of the NATO Research and Technology Organisation. Four of the nations (Australia, Canada, UK and US) are also members of the twenty seven nation Multilateral Interoperability Programme. Of the five TTCP nations, only the UK has ever been a member of the European Defence Agency. Collectively the five nations comprising TTCP are often referred  to as the "Five Eyes" community for intelligence and also participate in the following related activities: