MRTC 3000 class
The MRTC 3000 class or ČKD Tatra RT8D5M LRV, also known as Tatra Train, is a class of high-floor light rail vehicles built by Czech tram manufacturer ČKD Tatra. It is currently used at Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 and were the last made by ČKD Tatra before it was taken over by Siemens. ČKD Tatra RT8D5M LRVs are owned by Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC), and operated by the Department of Transportation (DOTr) thru DOTr MRT-3. Purchase. The Manila MRT Line 3 construction began in 1996 when the then-Department of  Transportation and Communications (DOTC; later the Department of Transportation) entered into a build-lease-transfer agreement with the Metro Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC). MRTC signed a contract with ČKD Tatra in 1997 to supply the trains for the line. Aside from a prototype, 73 light rail cars are produced by ČKD in two batches; 49 were produced in 1998 and the other 24 were completed the following year. The first train was flown into Manila via plane while the remaining trains were transported by sea. The fleet also happens to be the last produced by ČKD before it was taken  over by Siemens. Design and specifications. The LRV design is a one-way eight-axle motorized car consisting of three articulated cars, which are connected to each other by the joint and the cover. Car body. The car body is made of low-alloy high-tensile steel, while the ceiling is made of aluminum sheets. Unlike the prototype 0029, these cars have rounded "foreheads" or beveled large windows at both ends. The trains wear a livery consisting of royal blue, red, and white. Under the "Metrostar Express" branding, the white portion contains the brand logo and lettering on the sides . However, since 2012, the branding has since been unused. The trains also usually wore wrap ads—unlike the LRTA 1200 class which wear ads as a whole trainset, the 3000 class are seen to wear wrap ads per car. Each light rail vehicle has three roof-mounted air-conditioning units manufactured by Thermo King. In total, there are nine air-conditioning units in a three-car train set. LRV 044 used to have experimental door lights above the doors in 2017. However, the lights were removed when Sumitomo refurbished and renumbered LRV 044 as 3044 in 2021. Interior. Each train  car has a capacity of 74 seated passengers and 320 standing passengers. Under crush loading conditions, each car can carry 394 commuters at any one time. A 3-car trainset can carry 1,182 passengers. Seats are longitudinal-type. Each car has five double leaf, electronically operated, plug-sliding doors. The three center doors have an open width of while the two end doors at . The doors have a height of . The Passenger Assist Railway Display System (PARDS), a passenger information system powered by LCD screens installed near the ceiling of the train that shows news, advertisements, current train location, arrivals  and station layouts, are already installed inside the trains. However, as of 2022, the LCD screens remain switched off. PARDS is also installed on trains on LRT lines 1 and 2. Prototype RT8D5 0029. In March 1995 the first three-car tram was tested in Prague under the number 0029 as a prototype. It was a development of the Tatra KT8D5; 0029 retained its control, proportions, the front and rear sections, and unlike the later production vehicles, designed for bidirectional operation. Prototype 0029 remained in Prague and it was used in October to November 1998 together with the Tatra T5A5  prototype, tram no. 0013, and the T3 no. 6663 for various crash tests in the main workshop in Hostivař before being eventually scrapped. Mechanical. Each LRV has inside-frame bogies, consisting of four motorized bogies. The primary suspension is a steel spring and the secondary suspension is a wound-up steel spring. Scharfenberg couplers are present in the ends of the light rail vehicles. Electrical. The electrical and traction systems of the RT8D5M trains are supplied by ČKD Trakce. The propulsion is controlled by choppers with IGBT thyristors. The traction motors consist of eight DC series-wound/wave armature  winding self ventilated motors. The traction motors have a Class H insulation class for the rotor and a Class F insulation class for the stator. The motors comply with IEC 349 standards. Each motor has a power output of . Braking system. The main service brake is a dynamic brake with regeneration. Other braking systems include mechanical disc brakes and electromagnetic track brakes on the bogies. Signaling and safety equipment. The trains are equipped with the EBICAB 900 Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system. The onboard signalling equipment consist of vehicle logic units (VLUs). The original VLUs were manufactured by Bombardier Transportation  (acquired by Alstom in 2021). The VLUs are the primary automatic safety devices for the trains. In 2017, it was revealed that the original VLUs were stolen and replaced with unauthorized parts. An audit report by Bombardier Transportation showed that 99% of the trains were using fake parts. According to the inventory conducted in all cars, the other cars were equipped with ABB, ABB Daimler-Benz or DaimlerChrysler-branded VLUs. The EBICAB 900 ATP system is integrated with the CITYFLO 250 signalling solution of the MRT Line 3 supplied by Bombardier Transportation. Operations. The trains run at a maximum design  speed of , and run through standard gauge rail tracks. The RT8D5M operates as built on the high-speed city rail system with high platforms and in tropical conditions. The vehicles are mainly operated in threes, and operations with four-car trainsets were first planned in 2016. The trains have been in use since the opening of the line in 1999 and has undergone two refurbishments. On March 9, 2022, a four-car 3000 class trainset underwent a dynamic test run on the main line for the first time. Two four-car trains were deployed on March 28, 2022, and  was subsequently increased to three four-car trains by April 18. There are plans for multiple working with the MRTC 3100 class trains. Refurbishments. First refurbishment (2008–2009). In 2008, during the line's first general overhaul, the trains were first refurbished by Sumitomo Corporation, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and TES Philippines Inc. (TESP). The aging air-conditioning units of the trains since 1999 were replaced with new ones. The interior and exterior of the trains were also refurbished. Sumitomo Corporation, along with MHI and TESP refurbished 73 light rail vehicles (LRVs) from 2008 to 2009. Second refurbishment (2016–2017; 2019–present). 43  light rail vehicles were planned to be overhauled under the maintenance of Busan Universal Rail, Inc. The refurbished cars underwent a body repaint and installation of new air-conditioning units from Thermo King. The refurbishment commenced in 2016. However, due to service interruptions in 2017 that attributed to the poor maintenance of BURI, the Department of Transportation terminated its contract with BURI on November 6, 2017 with only three LRVs refurbished. The plan to refurbish the trains were again announced in December 2018 as part of the line's rehabilitation project, which includes the refurbishment of the entire fleet of  72 light rail vehicles. It began on May 1, 2019 and is carried out by Sumitomo Corporation, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and TES Philippines Inc. (TESP). The rehabilitation project of the LRVs consists of the installation of new choppers, traction motors, wheels, pantographs, air conditioning units from Thermo King; the repainting of the train's exteriors and interiors; and the fitting of new lighting installations throughout the trains, with the overall refurbishment program of the trains as part of the rehabilitation project are expected to be completed in April 2023. SKD Trade, a. s., the company that produces spare parts for  trains made by ČKD Tatra, became part of the line’s rehabilitation program and provided the spare parts for the 3000 class trains. The first light rail vehicle to be overhauled, LRV 070, had a test run in June 2019. In October 2020, three more light rail vehicles, LRVs 3006, 3010, and 3026, were overhauled, and underwent a test run at a speed of on October 29, 2020. All light rail vehicles overhauled by BURI were refurbished by Sumitomo. The rehabilitation program continued the replacement of air-conditioning units of the 3000 class trains that begun in 2018. Sumitomo Corporation , Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and TES Philippines ordered 120 units from Thermo King for 40 LRVs. The installation of the new air-conditioning units in all trains were completed on June 18, 2021. Currently, 51 light rail vehicles (LRVs) are overhauled as of , while 21 LRVs are yet to undergo general overhaul.