Uddevalla Bridge
The Uddevalla Bridge () is a cable-stayed bridge crossing Sunninge sound near Uddevalla in the province of Bohuslän on the west coast of Sweden. The bridge was constructed as part of the rerouting of the European route E6 outside Uddevalla, which reduced traffic congestion in the city and shortened traveling distance by . Dimensions. The total length is , with a main span of , there are a number of small approach spans at each end, and the two cable stayed side spans are each. It is wide, the clearance below the bridge is , and the two pylons are high. The  cables are organised in a semi-fan arrangement. The bridge was constructed in 1996–2000 and was opened for traffic on 20May 2000. Construction notes. Structural engineering for the bridge was carried out by Johs Holt AS, and Skanska Teknik AB. Skanska also served as general contractor, with subcontractors Alpin Technik und Ingenieurservice GmbH (general), VSL International (cables), Mageba (bearings), and PERI GmbH (formwork and scaffolding). The cables are steel and the deck is composite steel-reinforced concrete, while the pylons are reinforced concrete. About of structural steel and of concrete were used. The bridge and the connecting "Sunningeleden" cost of  SEK 900 M (USD 111 M) in 2000 currency values. There is a problem with ice sticking to the cables in the winter, which can fall onto cars. The bridge has to be closed a few times per year for this reason. The alternative road is longer. Civil engineers have tested pulse electro-thermal de-icing - a way to use a burst of electricity to remove ice caked on walls or windows. For surfaces coated with a special film, the jolt gets rid of ice in less than a second, far less time than it takes to hack at it  with an ice scraper.