Arudy
Arudy (; Gascon: Arudi) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as "Arudyens" or "Arudyennes". The commune has been awarded one flower by the "National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom" in the "Competition of cities and villages in Bloom". Geography. Arudy is located in the Ossau Valley on a bend on the Gave d'Ossau some 20 km south-east of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 16 km south of Gan. Access to the commune is by the D920 road from Buzy in  the north passing through the commune just west of the town and continuing to Louvie-Juzon in the south. Access to the town is by the D53 connecting to the D920. The D287 also goes east from the town to join the D934 going north to Sévignacq-Meyracq. The D918 branches west from the D920 near the town and continues west through the north of the commune to Lurbe-Saint-Christau. The SNCF railway line from Buzy-en-Béarn - Laruns which passed through the commune was closed to traffic for passengers on 2 March 1969. A bus connection remained in  place until 1 September 2009. Freight traffic between Buzy-en-Béarn and Arudy survived until 2003. The facilities have now been dismantled. The western hills of the commune are heavily forested with farmland in the valleys. The east of the commune in the Ossau Valley is mainly residential with some farmland. Hydrography. Located in the Drainage basin of the Adour, the Gave d'Ossau forms the eastern border as it curves around the town and continues west, forming the northern border of the commune, to join the Gave d'Aspe to form the Gave d'Oloron at Oloron-Sainte-Marie. Many tributaries rise  in the south of the commune and flow north to join the Gave d'Ossau including the "Lamisou", the "Arrec de Baycabe", the "Ruisseau du Bois de Nougué", the "Arrec de Lacerbelle", and the "Ruisseau du Termy" which forms the western border of the commune. Toponymy. The commune name in béarnais is "Arudi". According to Michel Grosclaude the name comes from the basque "harr" ("stone" or "rock") and "uri" ("town"). The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: Origins: History. The first traces of civilisation in the commune date to Prehistory or  more precisely to the Magdalenian period. Excavations in four caves in the commune (Maladore, Poeymaü, Saint-Michel, and Espalungue) uncovered bones, tools, and many snail shells. The village of Eruri or Aruri was mentioned at the beginning of the 13th century. It was from the beginning of that time that the Ossau Union was created which permitted relative independence for the communes in the valley until the French Revolution. Paul Raymond noted on page 14 of his 1863 dictionary that the commune had a Lay Abbey, vassal of the Viscounts of Béarn, with 86 fires and depended on the bailiwick  of Ossau. It was in the 19th century that economic growth started in the commune. Sawmills and Marble quarries were created which provided a living to several hundred people. One quarry still operates today. On 29 February 1980 Arudy was the epicentre of an earthquake measuring 5.2 on the Richter scale and 7.5 on the MSK scale which damaged many buildings in the town. The college had to be rebuilt. Administration. List of Successive Mayors Inter-communality. The commune is part of six inter-communal structures: Demography. In 2017 the commune had 2,229 inhabitants. Economy. Arudy has diverse economic activities : Culture and heritage. Civil heritage. The Hôtel Pouts (17th century) is registered as an historical monument. It is an ancient Lay Abbey which later became a police station. The building was renovated in 1971 to house a museum: the "Maison d'Ossau". The Maison d'Ossau museum in the Hôtel Pouts displays regional archaeological collections, specimens of flora and fauna of the Pyrenees, and local costumes. Arudy has 16th and 17th century houses, a bridge said to be Roman, and Lavoirs (public laundries) from the 19th century. Religious heritage. The Church of Saint-Germain (12th century, renovated in the 19th century) contains  several items classified as historical objects: The interior of the chapel of Saint-Michel is decorated with paintings by Pierre Martinez. Environmental heritage. The "Abétat" peaks at 1204 metres, the "Gerbadure" at 1254m, the "Soum Counée" at 1361m, the "Bersaut" at 1368m, the "Hourquettes de Baygrand" at 1386m, the "Senzouens" (or the "Breque") at 1392m, and the "Pic d'Escurets" at 1440m. Amenities. Education. The town has a public college, and one primary school. Another private primary school has been closed since the beginning of September 2011.