St. Johann in Tirol
St. Johann in Tirol is a market town in Tyrol, Austria, in the Kitzbühel district. In the regional ductus, the last syllable of the name is stressed as "Sankt yo-Hahn'". History. St. Johann is situated in the Leukental, which extends from Jochberg to the "Streichen" close to the Bavarian border. This region was already settled in the 4th century BC by a Celtic tribe, the Ambisontiers, who pursued copper mining in the surrounding mountains. In 15 BC the Romans conquered the Eastern Alpine region and the Leukental became part of the Roman province of Noricum . Following the downfall of the West Roman Empire in 476 AD the region went to the Duchy of Bavaria in the 7th century in the wake of the European migrations and as result of the settlement of the Germanic tribe of the Bavarii. In the following centuries the nobles of the House of Liuchinger, after whom the Leukental is named, established a county in the valley. The Liuchingers lived at Leukenstein Castle, which is located at the foot of the "Niederkaiser". The exact site of the castle, which was also the judicial seat for the county, is no longer known  today, but is recalled by the farm name of "Burgwiesen" ("castle meadows"). Following the extinction of the Liuchingers around 1170, their county ended up in the hands of the Falkensteins, but this noble family also died out after just 70 years and the county in the Leukental was subsequently ruled by officials representing the Bavarian dukes. In the 8th century (probably before 738), the missionaries built a Catholic church in the region of St. Johann, which was dedicated to St. John the Evangelist and who gave St. Johann its name. The church of "St. Johannes" was first mentioned in a  document in the year 1150. In 1446, the bishops of Chiemsee were given the responsibility of the parish of St. Johann, from which time onwards it became their summer residence. The opening of the copper and silver mines in 1540 increased the wealth of St. Johann. The mines were located in the small hills, known as Rerobichl close to Oberndorf, which belonged to St. Johann. In the 17th century the "Heilig-Geist-Schacht" ("Holy Ghost Shaft") was the deepest shaft in the world, over deep. The mining of copper and silver continued until the 18th century. In 1875, the construction  of the Gisela Railway linked St. Johann to the international railway network, with the result that the economy boomed and tourism began to take hold. 20th century. In 1927, Oberndorf and St. Johann split and from this time onwards Oberndorf became a separate parish. In 1954, St. Johann received its own Coat of Arms; in 1956, St. Johann reached the elevated status of a market town. Geography. Location. St. Johann lies in a valley basin between the mountain range of the Wilder Kaiser and mountain called the Kitzbüheler Horn in the centre of the district of Kitzbühel. The Kitzbühler Ache  (small river), the Fieberbrunner Ache and the Reither Ache unite in St. Johann and run into Bavaria as the Tiroler Ache, or the Gross Ache. The center of town is approximately above sea level, the Local Authority area comprises a surface area of . Subsidiary hamlets. St. Johann consists of: Almdorf, Apfeldorf, Bärnstetten, Berglehen, Fricking, Hinterkaiser, Mitterndorf, Niederhofen, Oberhofen, Reitham, Rettenbach, Scheffau, Sperten, Taxa, Weiberndorf, Weitau, Winkl Schattseite, Winkl Sonnseite Population. On the day of the census in 2001 (final result in 2004) St. Johann had 7,959 inhabitants. The population of the town is steadily increasing; in 2004 it was growing  at 1.8 per cent. Since autumn 2007 St. Johann in Tirol has been the most populous municipality in the district of Kitzbühel. Municipal ranking in the district of Kitzbühel. Current population figures (as at 31 December 2010) show that the municipality of St. Johann occupies first place in the top ten. Politics. Parish Council. The parish council ("Gemeinderat" or "Ortsparlament") comprises 19 members, the "Bürgermeister" acting as chairman. The council is made up as follows (2010): Parish board. The St. Johann parish board consists of seven members. It is chaired by the "Bürgermeister" who is directly elected by the villagers  of St. Johann. The two vice "Bürgermeisters" are chosen by the council. Coat of arms. On 13 May 1954 the Tyrolean state government granted the following coat of arms to the municipality of St. Johann in Tirol: "In a green and red vertically-divided shield are, on the right, an inverted, silver ibex horn and, on the left, a gold bishop's crozier." The shield bears the colours of the old flag of the court, whose first seat was in St. Johann before 1271. The ibex horn commemorates the "nobles of Velben" ("Edlen von Velben") who lived near St. Johann  in the 13th and 14th centuries. The bishop's crozier recalls that the village used to be a summer residence for the bishops of Chiemsee. Economy. Tourism and the restaurant trade are amongst the most important branches of the economy in the area. With approximately 520,000 overnight stays per year, roughly evenly split between summer and winter, St. Johann is one of the major tourist resorts in the Tyrol. Its holiday infrastructure ranges from hotels to campsites and from restaurants to discothèques. In recent decades, St. Johann has experienced an economic boom in trade, services and light industry and it  has become the shopping centre for the district of Kitzbühel. Many new firms have settled here, especially along the B 178 federal road, where they benefit from its central location. In addition, the opening of a pedestrian zone in the 1990s has improved the town centre, which receives an average of 20,000 visitors per day. Several firms are based in St. Johann, such as the headquarters of the Fritz Egger GmbH & Co, one of the best-known chip board manufacturers in Europe. Today, the region around St. Johann in Tirol is one of the agricultural centres of Tyrol, despite its  harsh climate and heavy precipitation. Agriculture in the wide basin of the St. Johann bowl has a great tradition as the former breadbasket of Tyrol and, even today, farming continues to play an important role. A relatively large number (for the Tyrol) of farms are established in the wide, level basin and on its fairly gently (with a few exceptions) slopes. According to "Statistik Austria" about a third of the farms form the main source of income. These primary income farms use rather more than half the agricultural and forested land in the municipality. St. Johann in Tirol is an  important tourist centre with impressive ski-slopes and related facilities. The ski resorts are especially populous starting after Christmas into early January. It is also popular in summer, especially with British, Irish and German tourists. Located near the Wilder Kaiser (Wild Emperor) mountains, the Kitzbühler Horn dominates the town. It is well served by ski lifts and cable car. Infrastructure. Transport. St. Johann is a major traffic junction, to which the following roads are connected: B 178 - Loferer Straße; B 164 - Hochkönig Straße; B 176 - Kössener Straße; B 161 - Pass Thurn Straße. European route E641, which connects Wörgl with Salzburg , passes through St. Johann in Tirol, intersecting here with highway B161 to Mittersill. The market town also has an express train station on the route of the Giselabahn, which is also called the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway and has access to the international railway network to Salzburg, Innsbruck and to Munich via Wörgl. In addition there is an airport for light aircraft and gliders, airfield (ICAO Code LOIJ), used by light aircraft, parachutists and gliders: runway length , radio frequency 120,350 MHz, , altitude. It is the second largest airport in Tyrol. The distance between St. Johann and Salzburg is , between St. Johann  and Innsbruck , and between St. Johann and Munich . Public Services. In St. Johann there are some important public services, like the district hospital, the Wintersteller army barracks and the Military Supply Centre West for the Armed Forces based in the west of Austria. Additionally, you can find the following institutions in St. Johann: the District Forest Inspector, the District Administration for Agriculture, the Road Maintenance Department, the nursing home in St. Johann, the health and social care service and the police department. Water supply and waste disposal. The market town has water supply, sewage and waste disposal systems that are  organised by the parish council. In addition to electricity and natural gas there has also been an environmentally friendly district heating system since the end of 2008 which supplies the largest buildings in the village. Since December 2007 The St. Johann Village Heating Company ("Ortswärme St. Johann in Tirol GmbH") has supplied households, firms and public institutions in St. Johann in Tirol with district heating. The firm is 74% owned by the parish of St. Johann in Tirol and 26% by the firm of Fritz Egger. The head office is in "Bahnhofstraße 5", in the parish office. The heating company  does not have its own energy generation with the exception of backup and peak-load boilers in the centre of the village. The energy is generated by the Egger factory from waste heat and biomass in conjunction with an absorption heat pump and is transferred at the boundary of the factory site into the district heating network. At the end of 2009 around 400 buildings and 1,300 households in St. Johann were heated by district heating. These include the district hospital, the barracks, the schools, traders, single and multi-family homes. A total of about of routing, or (double) of  piping has been laid. In 2009, of heating was purchased, that corresponds to an oil consumption of about per year. In the medium term the introduction of district heating in St. Johann will save about 12,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually in the village centre. To read the heat meters and to visualize the individual house systems, an optical fibre was laid as part of the installation of the heating district network. Sports. There are many sports facilities for locals and visitors alike: Annual events. Since 2004 St. Johann has a modern event hall: the Kaisersaal. The term is derived  from the mountain chain "Der Wilde Kaiser". There are many events such as lectures, corporate events and pop or rock concerts in this hall.