Male accessory gland infection
Male accessory gland infection (MAGI) is a condition with signs of inflammation involving one or more sites in the male genital tract. Diagnosis is made according to parameters defined by the World Health Organization, and it is particularly made in relation to infectious or inflammatory causes of male infertility. Although it is usually caused by infection spreading from the urethra, non-infectious causes also exist. Definition. Along with testicles (orchitis), MAGI includes infections (bacterial, viral, fungal etc.) involving one or more of the following male genital organs or tracts: Diagnosis. As infection has a negative impact  on the secretory function of the accessory glands, findings that could indicate the presence of MAGI include: WHO criteria. MAGI can be diagnosed when there are two or more factors present that meet criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO): Biomarkers. One study has proposed that elevated levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (SuPAR) in seminal plasma might be useful as a marker for MAGI. Causes. The main infectious agents are Enterobacteriaceae (such as "Escherichia coli" and "Klebsiella"), "Neisseria gonorrhoeae", and "Chlamydia trachomatis". One study has shown that men with MAGI who have lower serum levels of  total testosterone tend to have a more complicated form of MAGI, such as involving more than one site, than those with normal levels. Complications. Potential complications include: These complications can result in sexual dysfunction and male subfertility.