Changkya Khutukhtu
The Changkya Khutukhtu (Chakhar Mongolian: "Janggiy-a qutuγ-tu", Khalkha Mongolian: Зангиа Хутагт "Zangia Khutagt"; Tibetan: ལྕང་སྐྱ་ཧོ་ཐོག་ཐུ།, "lcang-skya ho-thog-thu"; Chinese: 章嘉呼圖克圖, Zhāngjiā Hūtúkètú) was the title held by the spiritual head of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia during the Qing dynasty. The most important lama of this series was the Third Changkya, Rolpai Dorje, who was preceptor to the Qianlong emperor of China, and chief representative of Tibetan Buddhism at the Qing court. He and his successors, mostly based in Beijing, were considered to be the senior Tibetan lamas in China  proper and Inner Mongolia. The Seventh Changkya accompanied the Nationalist government to Taiwan in 1949 and died there in 1957. List of "lCang-skya Khutukhtu". Note: In some enumerations, the second Changkya, Ngawang Losang Chöden is counted as the first, the third Rölpé Dorjé as the second, and so on. The previous "lCang-skya Khutukhtu", named Lozang Penden Tenpé Drönmé, went to Taiwan in 1949. It has been reported that before his death in 1957 he had signed a pledge that he would not reincarnate until the Republic of China retook the mainland. However, the Dalai Lama recognised the current  incarnation on 11 August 1998. He was born in 1980 in Tsongkha region, was ordained at an early age and came to India as a refugee in 1998. He is now residing in the re-established Drepung Monastery, in India. Neither he nor two other claimants to be the current Changkya are recognised by either Taipei or Beijing.