Grethe Jürgens
Grethe Jürgens (February 15, 1899 – May 8, 1981) was a German painter associated with the New Objectivity. Jürgens was born in and grew up in Wilhelmshaven. In 1918 she enrolled in the Berlin Technical College, where she studied architecture. From 1919 until 1922 she studied at the Hanover School of Arts and Crafts under Fritz Burgr-Mühlfeld. She was employed in advertising as a draftswoman for the Hackethal Wire Company in Hanover from 1923 to 1927, and continued afterward to work as a freelance commercial artist. Her paintings from this period, such as "Garden Picture" (1928) and "Employment  Exchange" (1929), show the influence of French artists such as Henri Rousseau and Auguste Herbin. From 1931 to 1932, Jürgens edited the 12-issue run of the magazine "Der Wachsbogen", which served as a theoretical organ of the Hanover artists of the New Objectivity movement. In an essay she published in the magazine, she described the group's artistic approach:One paints a landscape, trees, houses, vehicles, and sees the world in a new way. Unemployed people, tramps, or beggars are painted, not because they are "interesting characters" ... or through a desire to appeal to the sympathy of society, but  because one suddenly realizes that it is in these people that the most powerful expression of the present time is to be found. In 1932, she participated in the exhibition "Neue Sachlichkeit in Hanover" ("New Objectivity in Hanover") at the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum in Brunswick. In 1933 she had a solo exhibition in Cologne. After 1933, she worked extensively as an illustrator and designer of book covers. In 1951, the Wilhelm Busch Museum in Hanover presented a retrospective exhition of her works. Jürgens died in 1981 in Hanover.