Out-of-home entertainment
Out-of-Home Entertainment (OOHE or OHE) is a term coined by the amusement industry to collectively refer to experiences at regional attractions like theme parks and waterparks with their thrill rides and slides, and smaller community-based entertainment venues such as family entertainment and cultural venues. In the US alone, there are nearly 30,000 attractions—theme and amusement parks, attractions, water parks, family entertainment centers, zoos, aquariums, science centers, museums, and resorts, producing a total nationwide economic impact of $219 billion in 2011, according to leading international industry association, International Association of Amusement Parks  and Attractions (IAAPA). The industry directly employs more than 1.3 million and indirectly generates 1 million jobs in the US, creating a total job impact of 2.3 million. In recent years, the use of this term has gained acceptance with and been popularized by amusement industry players, industry associations, trade magazines and even securities analysts. This stems from the desire to distinguish between the social, competitive atmosphere and dedicated hardware found in location-based entertainment venues from at-home consumer-game entertainment, mobile entertainment or even augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). The reality is that the lines are  increasingly blurred with today's sophisticated consumers and emerging technologies. This term is not to be confused with out-of-home media advertising as used by the advertising industry, although the convergence of digital out-of-home advertising and the digital out-of-home entertainment is producing innovations in retail and hospitality, steeped in fundamentals of social gaming experiences defined by the video amusement industry during the 70’s. Overview. Digital out-of-home entertainment (also DOE) is a sector that is understood by few but is a fast-growing technology sector with plenty of innovations transforming the sector. Its  roots lie in the popularity of coin-operated arcade video games such as racing, fighting, Japanese imports, or pinball that Generation X will vividly recall with fond memories of countless hours of their youth spent in dimly-lit video-game rooms (popularly known as 'arcades'). When Generation Y came along, an audience well-versed in digital gaming favored game consoles over arcade machines. So while video amusement remains an integral part of the popular culture fabric today, its relevancy is diminished and even perceived as 'dead' partly due to the lack of coverage by consumer-game media even as the  amusement industry transformed itself and research and development investments continue to pour into the sector, evolving and growing the out-of-home, pay-to-play experience. In 2011, the non-profit Digital Out-of-Home Interactive Entertainment Network Association was established to help "define these amorphous groups that comprise this vibrant industry and illustrate how they all interact" with groups spanning from "family entertainment centers (FEC), location-based entertainment sites, visitor attractions, theme parks as well as retail, shopping malls and the hospitality sector – and not forgetting museums, heritage sites, schools". Forms of Out-of-Home Entertainment. Moviegoing is one  of the most popular and affordable forms of out-of-home entertainment. Other classic and expanded forms of OOHE making up the DOE sector include: Key Actors in Out-of-Home Entertainment. Family Entertainment Centers. The traditional FECs is a classic form of OOHE that is easily understood by the public. FECs are essentially a converged outgrowth of theme restaurants and the winning formula of combining food and entertainment as a business model has been around for more than 30 years. The first Dave & Buster's was opened in 1982 in Dallas, Texas after discovering this winning formula and is  a highly-successful FEC chain today with their "Eat, Drink, Play, Watch" offerings. Chuck E. Cheese first opened a store in 1977 and became the public embodiment of the typical children's party room combined with a pizza restaurant and arcade. Other restaurants started to come round to seeing the importance of amusement games and "anchor" attractions (bowling alleys, miniature golf, laser tags, batting cages, roller skating rinks, etc.) to encourage dwell time of 1–2 hours and stimulating repeat visits. Arcade Video Game Developers. Probably known more by the blockbuster arcade video game titles they produced rather than by company  names, these video game developers played a defining role in the birth of the video amusement industry. In 1972, Atari essentially created the first commercially successful video game "Pong," marking the beginning of the coin-operated video game industry. In 1978, the first blockbuster arcade video game, "Space Invaders" was produced by Taito Corporation and ushered in the golden age of arcade video games. Namco (of "Pac-Man"'s fame), Nintendo ("Donkey Kong"), Konami (), Capcom ("Street Fighters"), Sega AM2 ("Daytona") are among some of the most notable video game developers that remain active today in the video amusement scene. Video  game publishers are also making inroads into the OOHE market by licensing iconic IPs (intellectual property) to experienced arcade game developers and manufacturers, such as the recent collaboration between Ubisoft and LAI Games to produce "Virtual Rabbids: The Big Ride", an attendant-free VR attraction based on the popular "Rabbids" franchise. Redemption Game Manufacturers. A redemption game is an arcade amusement game involving skill that rewards the player (in gifts, tokens, etc.) proportionately to his or her score. One of the most popular redemption games, "Skee Ball", has more than 100,000 Skee-Ball branded alley games in use worldwide by  some estimates and continue to endure after more than a century. In 2016, BayTek Games bought the rights to "Skee-Ball" from Skee-Ball Amusement Games, Inc. Innovative Concepts in Entertainment (ICE), another reputable manufacturer, produced hit midway-style redemption games such as "Down The Clown" and "Gold Fishin". Benchmark Games Int. has changed the game for players with "Monsterdrop" and "Pop It & Win". LAI Games (formerly part of the Leisure and Allied Industries Group which founded Timezone) produced hit games such as "Stacker" and "Speed of Light," the latter in which was embedded in popular culture with its appearance  in Nickelodeon TV show Game Shakers. Merchandizers also fall in the redemption game category. ELAUT is the best known for creating and popularising claw machines, with notable cranes like "E-Claw" and "Big One". Other notable players include Coast to Coast Entertainment, Apple Industries, Coastal Amusements, Universal Space (UNIS), Adrenaline Amusements. Simulator Video Game Manufacturers. Another category of video amusement games are simulators. Raw Thrills, best known for developing arcade video games based on films such as "Jurassic Park Arcade" and "AMC's The" "Walking Dead" "Arcade", is a common name found in medium and larger-sized FECs. Other established  companies in this category are Triotech, maker of "Typhoon" - a 3D arcade machine with 2 seats and delivers up to 2G Forces of acceleration, and CJ 4DPLEX with their "Mini Rider 3D" - a 2-seat simulator on an electric motion base with a choice of several 3D movies.