Oberbergischer Kreis
The Oberbergischer Kreis () is a "Kreis" (district) in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Ennepe-Ruhr, Märkischer Kreis, Olpe, Altenkirchen, Rhein-Sieg, Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis, and the urban districts Remscheid and Wuppertal. Name. The district was named after the region known as "Bergisches Land", which belonged to the County of Berg for most of the medieval era. What is called "Oberbergisch" ("upper Bergian") lies in the southeast of that earldom. By 1740, descriptions of the area distinguished between "Niederbergisch", which was north of the river Wupper, and "Oberbergisch" to its south. In 1816, after  the entire Rhineland was annexed to Prussia, the districts of Waldbröl, Homburg, Gimborn, Wipperfürth, and Lennep were created within the area now covered by the district. In 1825 the districts Gimborn and Homburg were merged into the district Gummersbach. In 1932 it was merged with the district of Waldbröl, and the region became known as "Oberbergischer Kreis". The restructuring of 1969/75 created the current boundaries of the district. Geography. The Oberbergischer Kreis covers the hills west of the Sauerland and north of the Westerwald. It constitutes the eastern part of the Bergisches Land nature reserve. Situated at an altitude of  100–520 meters above sea level, it is rich in wood and water (numbering ten artificial lakes) and thus a recreational area for citizens from Cologne, the Ruhr area and the Netherlands. The prevailing rock is greywacke, which was and in places still is mined in large stone quarries. Coat of arms. The coat of arms is a combination of the heraldic signs of the territories the district belonged to. The red-white bar in the top symbolizes the County of Mark and the lion that of Berg. Homburg Castle (near Nümbrecht) was the seat of the Princes of Sayn-Wittgenstein -Berleburg. Politics. Nazi Era. Robert Ley, a Nazi politician who helped organize the recruitment of slave labor during World War II, and published an anti-Semitic newspaper, the Westdeutscher Beobachter, was born in , a town in Oberbergischer Kreis. District Administrator. Since the October 1st, 1999 there is only one (directly elected) District Administrator who at the same time is head of management: Economy. The district's economy is marked by small and middle-sized industry, particularly in the areas of plastic and metal processing.