Moheener Ghoraguli
Moheener Ghoraguli (, literally "Moheen's horses") was an Indian rock group from Kolkata, established in 1975. Their music drew from wide variety of influences, including Bengali folk, Baul, urban American folk, and jazz. They sometimes described their style as "Baul jazz." Established in the 1970s during a period of stagnation in Bengali music, when commercial film songs were the dominant market force, the lyrics and music (and to some extent the compositions) of Moheener Ghoraguli with its leader Gautam Chattopadhyay were radically new. They were of a very personal or social nature, similar to the urban folk movement  led by Bob Dylan in the 60s. Though they were almost unknown in their time, in recent years they have undergone a critical re-evaluation much like the Velvet Underground. The band disbanded in 1981. In the 1990s, Gautam released a compilation of "Moheener Ghoraguli Sampadito" albums, in which there were songs written and composed by Gautam Chattopadhyay himself and by another, songs by contemporary artistes and a few old songs of Moheener Ghoraguli The albums" Aabaar Bochhor Kuri Pore" in 1995. Jhara shomoyer gaan 1996. Maya in 1998 and Khyapar Gaan in 1999. Later years. In the early years  Moheener Ghoraguli, the band, performed in and around Kolkata and produced three albums until 1981 and then dissolved. In the late 1980s Subrata Ghosh a student of Presidency College, Kolkata, an ardent music lover, heard a song "bhalo bashi jotsnay kash boney chhut tey" and came to know about Gautam Chattopadhay. Immediately he became a die-hard fan of Moni da and excavated information about him. In a few days, Subrata reached Monida's residence at Naktala. After a few days of jamming with Subrata, the 2nd innings of Monida started. It was days after days, night after night, month  after month gradually new generation music lovers, who wanted to break the traditional tide of Bengali music started jamming in at Monida's small drawing room and sometimes they used to gather at Salt Lake BE Park at Salt Lake Welfare Association's tent to create innovative music. This was the time when the most revolutionary compositions like "Prithibi", "Telephone", "Bangalee Korechoo" by Gautam were created. In the mid-1990s, a decade and a half after Mohineer Ghoraguli's dissolution, Gautam Chattopadhyay with immense mental support of Subrata & Neil decided to revive the movement of Moheener Ghoraguli. In 1994 Gautam was  awarded from Kolkata Doordarshan to make a first ever Bengali Music Video with a budget. The budget was too little to make a quality product, so after the video songs got recorded and televised for the Doordarshan, Gautam decided to come out with an audio cassette with the support of Sourish and A. Mukherjee. The cassette album Abar Bochhor Kuri poray – compiled by Mohiner Ghoraguli: Mohiner Ghoraguli shompadita Bengali Gaan. "Abar Bochhor Kuri Porey" ("Again, After Twenty Years", a quotation from Jibanananda Das), released at the Kolkata Book Fair. It included Gautam Chattopadhyay's own compositions, a few original Moheener  Ghoraguli classics from the 1970s, as well as songs recorded by selected music makers of the 90s. Although listeners were initially slow to catch on, the album proved to be a hit, and it introduced the MG movement to a new generation of music-lovers. Gautam Chattopadhyay finally saw Moheener Ghoraguli music gaining the popularity and critical recognition that had eluded their band in the 1970s. Several other successful compilations have followed since the first one. Both in their native West Bengal and in Bangladesh, Moheener Ghoraguli is now a much-admired movement. Gautam's death in 1999 was sudden . After returning from a location shooting of his last film "Rong Bin", which was never completed, the next day he went to the "Indropuri Studio" to meet his longtime cinematographer friend and colleague, Vivek Banerjee and there he collapsed and died of a heart attack. An entire generation of old and new musicians who had been popularised by Gautam Kolkata mourned his untimely death and a tribute album "Moni Chara Shunno Laage" was released; Moni was not Gautam's nickname, but his siblings would call him Moni-da, moni, defining that he was the third of the brothers. His nickname  was Manik. Meaning of the band's name. The literal meaning of "Moheen'er Ghora-guli" is "Moheen's horses". While this obscure phrase puzzles many of the band's fans, it is actually taken from a poem "Ghora" ('Horses') from the poetry book "Shatti Tarar Timir" (Bengali: সাতটি তারার তিমির) by the great modernist Bengali poet Jibanananda Das. The second line of the poem is: loosely translated as: One of the band's most popular songs, "Bhalobashi Jyotsnay" (Bengali: ভালোবাসি জ্যোৎস্নায়), is a tribute to the natural beauty of the Bengali countryside; the influence of Jibanananda's pastoral poetry is  evident throughout the song. There are other parallels: Jibanananda broke with the literary tradition of his time and introduced modernist themes and diction to Bengali poetry. He is often considered the first Bengali poet to truly break free of Rabindranath's imposing presence. To some extent, Moheener Ghoraguli attempted to do the same for Bengali popular music. Band members. Original line-up: (till 1978) Later Members: After Tapesh Bandopadhyay left the band in 1978, he was replaced by Raja Banerjee. Raja went on to record the third Moheener Ghoraguli album Drishyomaan Moheener Ghoraguli with the band and performed in numerous  concerts till the band was disbanded. For a brief period Pranab Sengupta appeared with the band. Discography. Selected albums (1977-1979) Musicianship. Style. This group was formed by a group of Kolkata musicians led by Gautam Chattopadhyay towards the end of 1974. Initially, they called themselves 'Saptarshi', and finally settled on the name 'Moheener Ghoraguli' proposed by Ranjon Ghoshal. The name was borrowed from a poem 'Ghora' by Jibanananda Das. In such a conservative climate, Moheener Ghoraguli, with its unorthodox musical compositions and strange choice of song themes, failed to gain much of a fan base. Its songs dealt with  everyday topics—politics, poverty, injustice, revolution, love, loneliness, even begging and prostitution. Gautam Chattopadhyay had strong political beliefs; in common with many intelligent and idealistic young men of his generation, he was involved in socialist/communist politics during the 1960s and 1970s, and may have been involved in the Naxalite movement. This political outlook was reflected in the musical output of the band. The type of music that Moheener Ghoraguli pioneered, though debatably, had the seeds of now very popular "Jibonmukhi gaan" or 'Songs of ordinary life'. Two decades after Moheen, singers like Kabir Suman, Nochiketa and Anjan Dutt took  Jibonmukhi gaan to a new level of popularity, but the origins of the genre can be found in the songs of Moheener Ghoraguli. The band recorded with Western and Bengali folk instruments and also experimented in a variety of musical styles, some of which must have jarred with the sensibilities of its audience. Today, these compositions sound quite contemporary, leading many to conclude that Moheener Ghoraguli was indeed ahead of its time. The band freely borrowed elements from "baul shongeet", the folk music of rural Bengal. It can therefore lay claim to being the original Bengali folk-rock band. Many  bands since Moheen have adopted similar innovations. Live performances. The original Moheener Ghoraguli line-up performed consistently over the period 1976–1981 throughout the city of Kolkata. Some of their notable performances were at: Abar Bochhor Kuri Pore concert: All the new generation musicians who performed in the "Aabaar Bochhor Kuri Pore " album artists were given the opportunity to perform. While the singers and musicians were performing on the stage, at the backside, six huge canvas was kept and drawn by one of Bengal's most famous contemporary painters, depicted the meaning of the songs live on the canvas (Hiran Mitra  also made such appearance in the 1970s with the Moheener Ghoraguli). Each of the Canvas later was donated to Jadavpur University Student's Union with an autograph of Gautam and Rathin. In this concert, a few members of Original Mohineer Ghoraguli were also present like Abraham Majumder with his young students of Kolkata Music Academy, Tapas Das, Pradip Chattopadhyay, and Raja Banerjee. Monida's last live performance was at Kalyani University in January of 1999, along with Subrata Ghosh of Garer Math, Neel, Bonny & Dwide of the then Krosswindz and the live sound mixing was done by Chhoton (founder member  of Chandrabindo), a die-hard follower and inspirer of Subrata & Monida. Covers. Moheener Ghoraguli's music is covered by Subrata Ghosh (Gorer Math) and also by a number of Bengali artists including Fossils, Chandrabindoo, Bhoomi, Krosswindz, Lakkhichhara and Insomnia and Prithibi. Rollywood have recently taken up the initiative to reincarnate the fading tracks of Moheener Ghoraguli in their own flavour of music. Gaurab Chattopadhyay (Gaboo), son of Gautam, is a catalyst member/drummer of the Kolkata band Lakkhichhara. Koushik of Prithibi with Monfokira has organised an experimental concert on Shottorer Sohortolir gaan, an unreleased album of Moheener Ghoraguli, with the  aim of taking their music forward. In 2006, the original Moheener Ghoraguli song "Prithibi ta naki" was remade as "Bheegi Bheegi" by the music-director Pritam Chakrabarty for the Hindi film "Gangster" which went on to become a chartbuster. The song was sung by Bangladeshi singer James of Nagar Baul fame. "Prithibi ta naki" was sung by Bonnie who is a founder member of Oikyotaan, a baul fusion band based in Chennai. 9 January 2001 and 2002 Jadavpur University AISA organised Dariyay Ailo Tufan where all the contemporary Bengali bands performed in memory of Gautam Chattopadhyay.