Cistus heterophyllus
Cistus heterophyllus is a shrubby species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae. Description. "Cistus heterophyllus" grows up to tall, forming an erect, much-branched shrub. Its leaves are elliptical to lanceolate in shape, usually long, the upper surfaces being dark green with stellate and simple hairs, and the lower surfaces whitish with a coating of short hairs. The leaf margins are slightly turned under (revolute) and the veins are much more obvious on the underside. The leaves are of two kinds: the upper are without stalks (petioles), the lower have short stalks. The flowers are arranged in  cymes of one to five individual flowers, each with five purplish-pink petals, usually with a yellow spot at the base. Like the leaves, the five sepals have stellate hairs, plus some longer simple hairs. The fruit capsule is about high containing angular brownish seeds. The two described subspecies differ in the distribution of hairs. In "C. h." subsp. "heterophyllus", the young stems have both many stellate hairs and many longer simple hairs, and the leaves have scattered long simple hairs. In "C. h." subsp. "carthaginensis", the young stems and leaves have fewer simple hairs. The outer two sepals of  C. h. subsp. "heterophyllus" average about long by wide, whereas those of "C. h." subsp. "carthaginensis" are smaller, averaging about long by wide. The petals of "C. h." subsp. "heterophyllus" are about long by wide, making the flower diameter typically . Although there is considerable variation and the size ranges overlap, the petals of "C. h." subsp. "carthaginensis" may be as small as long and wide, making the flower diameter typically . Taxonomy and phylogeny. "Cistus heterophyllus" was first described by René Louiche Desfontaines in 1798. The specific epithet "heterophyllus" means "with leaves of different shapes", the upper being unstalked, the lower  shortly stalked. Two subspecies are accepted: The two subspecies have been artificially crossed forming a hybrid subspecies called "C. h." nothosubsp. "marzoi". A 2011 molecular phylogenetic study placed "C. heterophyllus" in the purple and pink flowered clade (PPC) of "Cistus" species, in a subclade with "C. albidus" and "C. creticus". Distribution. "Cistus heterophyllus" has a disjoint distribution. "C. h." subsp. "heterophyllus" is native to western North Africa, along the coastal Mediterranean region from the Spanish island of Peñón de Alhucemas and Targuist in Morocco to Algiers. "C. h." subsp. "carthaginensis" is found only in two locations in mainland Spain: near  La Pobla de Vallbona in Valencia and in the Calblanque Regional Park in Murcia. Conservation. "Cistus heterophyllus" subsp. "carthaginensis" is listed as critically endangered (CR) in the IUCN Red List. Fewer than 30 individuals were known in 2011 (only one at the Valencian site) and some appear to be hybrids with "Cistus albidus". The subspecies is threatened by fires and human disturbance. Seeds have been stored in seedbanks, and attempts are being made to increase plants in cultivation, both from seed and in vitro.