Murray Sinclair
Calvin Murray Sinclair, (born Mizanay (Mizhana) Gheezhik; January 24, 1951) is a former member of the Canadian Senate and First Nations lawyer who served as chairman of the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 2009 to 2015. He previously served as a judge in Manitoba from 1988 to 2009, being the first Indigenous judge appointed in the province. Sinclair was appointed to the Senate of Canada on April 2, 2016. In November 2020, he announced his retirement from the Senate effective January 31, 2021. Queen's University announced the appointment of Sinclair as the 15th chancellor , succeeding Jim Leech. He assumed the role on July 1, 2021. Early life. Calvin Murray Sinclair was born on January 24, 1951 and raised on the former St. Peter's Indian Reserve in the Selkirk area north of Winnipeg, Manitoba. His parents were Henry and Florence (née Mason) Sinclair. His siblings were Richard, Henry Jr. (Buddy) and Dianne. An older sister had died in infancy. Their mother, Florence, died in April 1952 following a stroke, and they were raised by their grandparents Jim and Catherine Sinclair in St. Peter's. After graduating from his high school (Selkirk Collegiate Institute) as  class valedictorian and Athlete of the Year in 1968. Senator Sinclair attended the University of Manitoba's School of Physical Education, but left before graduating in order to take care of his ailing grandmother after his grandfather died in 1970. He then worked at the Selkirk Friendship Centre as administrator and youth worker, and was elected vice president of the Manitoba Metis Federation for the Interlake Region in 1971. In 1972 he went to work for Howard Pawley Q.C., who was at that time the Member of the Legislative Assembly for Selkirk and the attorney general of Manitoba, as his  executive assistant. In 1975, Senator Sinclair continued his academic career at the University of Winnipeg, studying sociology and history. He then attended law school at the Faculty of Law at the University of Manitoba, and graduated in 1979, having won the A.J. Christie Prize awarded to the top student in litigation in his second year of legal studies. Senator Sinclair also spent his teenage years as an air cadet with #6 Jim Whitecross Royal Canadian Air Cadet Squadron, attaining the rank of warrant officer first class. As an air cadet he was awarded the Warren Spohn Trophy for outstanding leadership , after earning top marks at the Air Cadet Leadership Training Program in Camp Borden, Ontario. After cadets, he continued his involvement as an instructor with the squadron. Legal career. He was called to the Manitoba Bar in 1980. In the course of his legal practice, Senator Sinclair practised primarily in the fields of Civil and Criminal Litigation Human Rights law, and Aboriginal Law. He represented a cross section of clients but was known for his representation of Aboriginal people and his knowledge of Aboriginal legal issues, having taught courses on Aboriginal People and the Law in the Department of Native  Studies at the University of Manitoba for a number of years. Senator Sinclair also served as legal counsel for the First Nations of Manitoba, representing them in the areas of land claims, legislative initiatives, funding negotiations and the negotiation of Child Welfare Agreements following the release of the Kimelman Report into Child Welfare in Manitoba. Senator Sinclair has acted as legal counsel for the Manitoba Human Rights Commission. He has also been an adjunct professor of law and an adjunct professor in the Faculty of Graduate Studies at the University of Manitoba. Senator Sinclair was appointed as associate chief judge  of the Provincial Court of Manitoba in March 1988, becoming the first Aboriginal judge in the province. As associate chief judge, Senator Sinclair was appointed co-commissioner, along with Court of Queen's Bench Associate Chief Justice A. C. Hamilton, of Manitoba's Public Inquiry into the Administration of Justice and Aboriginal People (The Aboriginal Justice Inquiry). The AJI report was an extensive study of issues plaguing the relationship between Aboriginal people in Manitoba and the justice system and has had a significant impact on law and legal policy in Canada. It was referred to in the Report of the  Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples of Canada (RCAP) as well as by the Canadian Bar Association in its report on Aboriginal People and the law of Canada. In November 2000, Senator Sinclair completed the "Report of the Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Inquest," a study into the deaths of twelve children in the pediatric cardiac surgery program of the HSC (Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre) in 1994. That report led to significant changes in pediatric cardiac surgery in Manitoba and the study of medical and systemic error in Canada. He was appointed to the Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba in January  2001 and is the province's first Aboriginal person to be appointed a judge on that court While a judge of that court, then Justice Sinclair was asked to chair Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, a request he initially declined due to the emotional toll of the Pediatric Inquiry over which he had presided. However, when the initial chair of the TRC resigned and the other commissioners were replaced, Senator Sinclair was asked, and agreed, to reconsider. In 2009, he was appointed as its chair. After the TRC completed its final report in 2015, Senator Sinclair announced his retirement  from the bench and his intention to withdraw from public life. However he was asked by leaders of Manitoba's Indigenous community to allow them to nominate him to an appointment to Canada's Senate, and with the support of his family, he agreed. He was appointed as a senator from Manitoba in April 2016. Since being appointed to the Senate, Senator Sinclair has helped form the Independent Senators Group and has sat on the Senate Standing Committees on Aboriginal/Indigenous Peoples, Fisheries and Oceans, Legal and Constitutional issues, Rules, and Ethics and Conflicts of Interest. He has also acted  as a mediator, makes numerous public appearances on matters relating to Indigenous issues and the Senate of Canada, and was asked to undertake an investigation into the role of the Police Services Board of Thunder Bay, Ontario, in the light of allegations of systemic racism in policing in that community. That report was completed in October 2018. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Senator Sinclair was appointed the chair of Canada's Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission in June 2009. The commission's mandate stemmed from the terms of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement as a means by which  Residential School Survivors and former staff could inform all Canadians about what happened in Indian Residential Schools and document the accounts of survivors, former staff, families, communities and anyone personally affected by the Indian Residential Schools experience. The TRC held hundreds of public and private hearings throughout Canada and documented over 6,000 statements of Survivors and more than 200 from former staff, all of which led to the commission's massive multi-volume Final Report released on November 15, 2015. The Report documented the history of residential schools in Canada, noting that the Government of Canada had legally mandated the  forcible removal of children from their families and communities in order to remove them from the cultural influence of their parents, families and communities. The schools were established to force Indigenous children to stop speaking their unique languages or following their unique cultural beliefs and practices, and to adopt Euro-Canadian cultures and languages. This major finding of the Report – that Canada established and maintained its forcible removal and Residential School policy for the primary purpose of eliminating Aboriginal cultures and racial identity – led to its conclusion that Canada had committed cultural genocide. The report also noted that the Government  refused to include in the Settlement Agreement, those schools to which Indigenous children were sent by direction of the government, but which were managed by church or other organizations, as well as schools that had been established in Newfoundland and Labrador prior to its entry into Confederation in 1949. The Report called upon Canada to address that issue quickly and collaboratively. The report contained 94 Calls to Action and called upon all parts of Canadian Society to commit to reconciliation and to build a more respectful relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. Senator Sinclair told everyone very clearly “Reconciliation  is not an Indigenous problem. It is a Canadian one.” In his final speech at the final event, Senator Sinclair acknowledged that reconciliation was going to be difficult, perhaps more difficult than getting at the truth behind Residential Schools, but it had to be done. He addressed all of Canada when he stated: “We have described for you a mountain. We have shown you the way to the top. We call upon you to do the climbing.” Personal life. He is a Fourth Degree Midewiwin member of the Three Fires Society, a traditional Ojibway medicine society of great significance to  the Ojibway people. His Honour's traditional Ojibway name is "Mizanay Gheezhik," meaning "the One Who Speaks of Pictures in the Sky”. He was named by Traditional Ojibway Teacher and Elder Onobinisay (Jim Dumont). Honourable Sinclair has two children from his first marriage to Jeanette Warren. He is married to Katherine Morrisseau-Sinclair and they have a daughter. Additionally, the Sinclair family has adopted two daughters into the family. Civic life. Senator Sinclair has served on numerous community boards including The Jemima Centre for the Handicapped, Scouts Canada, The John Howard Society, The Royal Canadian Air Cadets, The Canadian Club , The Canadian Native Law Students Association, The Canadian Indian Lawyers Association (now the Indigenous Bar Association), The Social Planning Council of Winnipeg, the MaMawiWiChiItata Centre, AbinochiZhawaynDakooziwin Ojibway Immersion Nursery School Board, the Selkirk Friendship Centre, the Manitoba Provincial Judges Association, the Manitoba Bar Association, the National Judicial Institute and the board of regents of the University of Winnipeg.