Urtica ferox electrification project resulting in the severing of the line at Elderslie. The section between Hawkhead and Shields Junction remained open to serve the oil depot. Disposal of land at Paisley Canal and beyond. During 1986, the track between Elderslie and Paisley Canal station was lifted, and the land around Paisley Canal station, including the line and the goods yard, was sold on and was mainly redeveloped for housing. The station building itself was converted for use as a restaurant, while the station footbridge was demolished and the space between the platforms filled in. Much of the abandoned railway line beyond 	Paisley Canal line
9404989	the original Paisley Canal station has since been developed into a cycleway and walkway operated by Sustrans. Partial reopening. On 27 July 1990, the line between Shields Junction and Paisley Canal station was reopened to passenger traffic by Strathclyde Passenger Transport and British Rail. A new Paisley Canal station was constructed just to the east of the Causeyside Street bridge. For this reopening, the intermediate stations located at Corkerhill, Mosspark and Crookston were also restored at the same time. Subsequent to the line's re-launch, new stations at Hawkhead (one platform) and Dumbreck (two platforms) have been opened. Most 	Paisley Canal line
9404990	stations have only a single working platform. Electrification. As part of the 1980s Ayrshire Coast Line electrification, the line between Shields Junction and Corkerhill Depot, which was around one third of the overall route, was electrified, which enabled use of the depot by electric traction. According to author David Shirres, this early electrification work helped to strengthen the business case for the subsequent full electrification of the line, as there was no need for additional high-voltage switchgear to be installed. The tight timetable of the route had also posed significant challenges to the diesel trains used in the route	Paisley Canal line
9404991	, although these constraints were partially the result of it being a single line, it was recognised that electric rolling stock would have less of a problem due to their greater acceleration. Surveys of the route determined a conventional electrification scheme would have an estimated cost of between £20 and £28 million. A large proportion of these costs were due to the challenge posed by nine of the line's twelve overbridges, which required electrification clearance work under traditional practices; further difficulties were present at the site of three of these bridges, as they were adjacent to station platforms	Paisley Canal line
9404992	, so any track lowering would necessitate platform re-construction as well. As the high costs of a conventional approach was judged to be around twice that of which could be justified by the business case, innovative measures and compromises alike were adopted for the planned electrification work. According to Shirres, a policy of closer working relationships between national infrastructure maintainer and owner Network Rail and franchise operators, in this case ScotRail, had the benefit of significantly reducing the cost of the line's electrification. For the six-week construction period, ScotRail waived its compensation payment rights normally associated with short 	Paisley Canal line
9404993	notice disruptive possessions and also arranged for its sister company, First Glasgow, to accept ScotRail train tickets on local bus services. Observing that only EMUs were intended to operate the route, Network Rail developed customised overhead line equipment (OLE) for the electrification scheme; according to Brian Sweeney, Network Rail asset engineer for electrification in Scotland, traditional practices were overturned where realistic and the lowest possible wire height for EMU operation was specified, however, the pre-electrification W7 gauge was retained for the line. These combined measures had the effect of lowering the scheme's cost to £12 million. While 	Paisley Canal line
9404994	Network Rail's 2010, route plan update stated that the Paisley Canal electrification programme was to commence during 2014; the work in fact occurred two years earlier due to rapid and favourable progress made during the planning phase. In June 2012, Babcock International was awarded a fixed-price design and construct contract to perform all Paisley Canal electrification works with a six-month programme. During July 2012, electrification of the section of line from Corkerhill to Paisley Canal commenced. For the next six months, the majority of work was carried out during possessions held at weekends and after 8pm 	Paisley Canal line
9404995	on Mondays to Thursdays; a nine-day blockade of the line was also necessary, during which track, bridge, and station modifications, including the rebuilding of the platform at Hawkhead station, were performed. During November 2012, it was announced that the electrification project had been successfully completed. From December 2012 onwards, as a result of the line's electrification, , , , and electric multiple units have been used to operate the service. Prior to this, diesel multiple units had been used; these have been released for duties elsewhere. Since the route's electrification, freight trains can only traverse the line with the overhead 	Paisley Canal line
9404996	wires de-energised (and thus must be diesel), as a result of the minimum wire height of 4.030 metres being used instead of the standard minimum height of 4.165 metres; this requirement was judged to be insignificant in the context of this particular line. Future. The reopening of the section between Paisley Canal station and Kilmacolm has been proposed. Paisley Canal line The Paisley Canal line is a branch railway line in Scotland running between Glasgow and Paisley. The line currently terminates at Paisley Canal railway station, although it previously continued through Paisley West station, near Ferguslie, to Elderslie junction 	Paisley Canal line
9404997	Urtica ferox Urtica ferox Urtica ferox, commonly known as tree nettle and in Māori: ongaonga, taraonga, taraongaonga, оr okaoka, is a species of nettle endemic to New Zealand. Unlike the other species in the genus Urtica" found in New Zealand, all of which are herbaceous, ongaonga is a large woody shrub that can grow to a height of , with the base of the stem reaching in thickness. It has large spines that can result in a painful sting that lasts several days. Ongaonga is the main source of food for larvae of the New Zealand red admiral butterfly or kahukura, "Vanessa gonerilla . Description. U. ferox" can grow to a height of 3 m (9.8 ft) with the base of the stem reaching 12 cm (4.7 in) in thickness. The pale green leaves are very thin like a membrane and the surface of the leaf, stems and stalks are covered in stiff stinging hairs that can grow up to long. These spines are prominent along the salient mid-vein and leaf margin. The leaves range from in width and in length, these are oppositely arranged and there are two stipules per node. The leaf shape is ovulate-triangulate with a serrated leaf margin  each bearing a spine of up to . The spines covering the leaf surface, stem and stalk are generally no larger than in length, the spines on the older darker bark are smaller and softer - these don't cause a sting. This nettle is winter deciduous in cold climates, evergreen in mild climates and can lose its leaves in drought conditions if it is growing in shallow soils. Flowering occurs from November to March and because "U. ferox" is a dioecious shrub it will cross pollinate, with transferral between the flowers enabled by the wind. Pollen grains are collected by the  densely packed stigmas on the flowers and seed dispersal is carried out by rolling, wind, and by birds. The fruit, which are achenes, mature in January, each containing one 1.5 mm long, brown coloured, ovoid-shaped seed which takes one month to germinate. In his study on the germination behaviour of 5 different vascular seeding species, C. J. Burrows found that "U. ferox" had the lowest germination rate of 59% compared to >85% for the other similar species. He surmised that it is capable of building up a large seed bank in the soil which may survive for several  years, citing that European species in the genus Urtica produce seed banks. Toxin. The toxin present in the spines is triffydin (or tryfydin). This toxin contains histamine, serotonin and acetylcholine, the latter causing powerful stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve system. Multiple stingings can have a very painful reaction which causes inflammation, a rash, and itching. In high concentrations it can also cause: loss of motor movement, paralysis, drop in blood pressure, convulsions, blurred vision and confusion. Acute polyneuropathy can occur due to "U. ferox" stings; and there has been one recorded human death from contact—a lightly clad hunter who  died five hours after walking through a dense patch. There is also one other likely death, with the mystery of the death only being solved by the pathologist years afterwards. Distribution and habitat. "U. ferox" is endemic to New Zealand and inhabits coastal and lowland forests and shrublands in the North, South, and Stewart Islands. It is commonly found in clearings or forest margins, often forming large patches, from 0–600 m above sea level. It has also been recorded on the Hen and Chicken Islands along stream-beds. Ecology. Although "U. ferox" is a toxic shrub, it also plays a  significant part in the phenology of a native butterfly, namely the red admiral ("Vanessa gonerilla"). The leaves of the tree nettle is the preferred food and provide protection for the butterfly larvae. When the larvae arrives in the leaves, it will curve the tip of nettle leaf, use the silken threads to make the leaves stick together, and construct a secure place where it can eat the food. Due to the caterpillar's activities, the leaves of shrub can fall off. The eggs of butterflies, also including the yellow admiral ("Vanessa itea"), are laid on the leaves of nettle during  the spring and summer. It takes eight to ten days for the eggs to incubate. Beside these butterflies, some mammalian pests also eat the leaves of tree nettle, like the Common brushtail possum, goats and deer. However, because no non-flying, non-marine mammals existed in New Zealand prior to human arrival in the last one thousand years, it is unadapted for them. "U. ferox" requires high nutrient levels found in cycling forest systems such as those found in native New Zealand forest. In these environments an “A type” soil horizon of rich leaf litter and humus between 10 – 80  cm is common. This is significant as the species doesn't directly compete with other flora, this is achieved through inhabiting the boundary zones between strata, therefore the high soil fertility. Like other species in the nettle family it grows well in soils with high nutrient levels; especially in high quantities of nitrogen. Access to open sunlight and rainwater results in a rapidly growing plant able to take advantage of natural tree fall and other natural events such as land slides and flooding which clear dominating old growth species. Cultural uses. In Māori folklore, Kupe was said to have placed  several obstacles to hinder pursuers whose wives he had stolen, one of which was the ongaonga. Tree nettle has been eaten, and used medicinally. Māori used the bark of tree nettle and the leaves of kawakawa, boiled together, to make a liquid that can be used internally and externally for eczema and venereal disease. Also, the leaves of tree nettle play a significant part in the treating of pains. The decoction of leaves and young twigs dipped in boiled water is said to have been used for stomach ache and as treatment for gonorrhea. "Urtica ferox" was also a food  source for Māori. The inner stems were sometimes consumed after the leaves and outer bark had been removed, the thin film that makes up the inner bark was also eaten raw and is said to have a sweet taste, it is also documented that stems were cooked after having the leaves removed. Urtica ferox Urtica ferox, commonly known as tree nettle and in Māori: ongaonga, taraonga, taraongaonga, оr okaoka, is a species of nettle endemic to New Zealand. Unlike the other species in the genus "Urtica" found in New Zealand, all of which are herbaceous, ongaonga is a large woody