Mabel Normand
Amabel Ethelreid Normand (November 9, 1893 – February 23, 1930), better known as Mabel Normand, was an American silent film actress, screenwriter, director, and producer. She was a popular star and collaborator of Mack Sennett in their Keystone Studios films, and at the height of her career in the late 1910s and early 1920s had her own film studio and production company. Onscreen, she appeared in twelve successful films with Charlie Chaplin and seventeen with Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, sometimes writing and directing (or co-writing/directing) films featuring Chaplin as her leading man. In the 1920s, Normand's name  was linked with scandal, including the 1922 murder of William Desmond Taylor and the 1924 shooting of Courtland S. Dines. Dines was shot by Normand's chauffeur, who was using her pistol. She was exonerated in the first crime, and disregarded from the second, but her film career declined. In addition, Normand suffered a recurrence of tuberculosis in 1923, which led to a decline in her health, her retirement from films in 1926, and her death in 1930 at age 36. Early life and career. Amabel Ethelreid Normand was born in New Brighton, Richmond County, New York|New Brighton, Staten Island , New York (before it was incorporated into New York City) on November 9, 1893. She took her name from her father's only sibling, who had died before her birth in 1892. Her mother, Mary "Minnie" Drury, of Providence, Rhode Island, was of Irish heritage; while her father, Clodman "Claude" George Normand, was French Canadian, with his ancestral lineage dating back to Normandy in France and their surname originally being "LeNormand" or "Le Normand". Normand's father was employed as a cabinetmaker and stage carpenter at Sailors' Snug Harbor home for elderly seamen. For a short time at the start  of her career, Normand worked for Vitagraph Studios in New York City for $25 per week, but Vitagraph founder Albert E. Smith admitted she was one of several actresses about whom he made a mistake in estimating their "potential for future stardom." Her intensely beguiling lead performance in the 1911 dramatic short film "Her Awakening", directed by D. W. Griffith, drew Normand attention and led to her meeting director Mack Sennett while at Griffith's Biograph Company. She subsequently embarked on a chaotic relationship with him. Sennett later brought Normand to California when he founded Keystone Studios in 1912 . She is credited as being the first film star to receive a pie thrown in the face. Normand appeared with Charlie Chaplin and Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle in many short films. She played a key role in starting Chaplin's film career and acted as his leading lady and mentor in a string of films in 1914, sometimes directing, co-directing or co-writing films with him. Chaplin had considerable initial difficulty adjusting to the demands of film acting, and his performance suffered for it. After his first film appearance in "Making a Living", Sennett felt he had made a costly  mistake. However, Normand persuaded Sennett to give Chaplin another chance, and she and Chaplin appeared together in a dozen subsequent films, almost always as a couple in the lead roles. At the start of 1914, Chaplin first played his Tramp character in "Mabel's Strange Predicament", although it wound up being the second Tramp film released; Normand directed Chaplin and herself in the film. Later that year, Normand starred with Chaplin and Marie Dressler in "Tillie's Punctured Romance", the first feature-length comedy. Normand opened her own film company in partnership with Sennett in 1916, based in Culver City . She lost the company in 1918 when its parent company, Triangle Film Corporation, experienced a massive shake up which also had Sennett lose Keystone and establish his own independent studio. In 1918, as her relationship with Sennett came to an end, Normand signed a $3,500-per-week contract with Samuel Goldwyn. Around that same time, Normand allegedly had a miscarriage (or stillbirth) with Goldwyn's child. Scandals. Roscoe Arbuckle trials. Roscoe Arbuckle, Normand's co-star in many films, was the defendant in three widely publicized trials for manslaughter in the 1921 death of actress Virginia Rappe. Although Arbuckle  was acquitted, the scandal destroyed his career and his films were banned from exhibition for a short time. Since she had made some of her best works with him, much of Normand's output was withheld from the public as a result. Arbuckle later returned to the screen as a director and actor, but didn't attain his previous popularity despite being exonerated in court. William Desmond Taylor murder. Director William Desmond Taylor formed a close relationship with Normand based on their shared interest in books. Author Robert Giroux claims that Taylor was deeply in love with Normand, who had  originally approached him for help in dealing with an alleged cocaine dependency. Giroux claims that Taylor met with federal prosecutors shortly before his death and offered to assist them in filing charges against her cocaine suppliers, expressing a belief that these suppliers learned of this meeting and hired a contract killer to murder the director. According to Giroux, Normand suspected the reasons for Taylor's murder, but did not know the identity of the man who killed him. According to Kevin Brownlow and John Kobal in their book "Hollywood: The Pioneers", the idea that Taylor was murdered by drug dealers  was invented by Paramount Studios for publicity purposes. On the night of his murder, February 1, 1922, Normand left Taylor's bungalow at 7:45 pm in a happy mood, carrying a book he had lent her. They blew kisses to each other as her limousine drove away. Normand was the last person known to have seen Taylor alive. The Los Angeles Police Department subjected Normand to a grueling interrogation, but ruled her out as a suspect. Most subsequent writers have done the same. However, Normand's career had already slowed, and her reputation was tarnished. According to George Hopkins, who  sat next to her at Taylor's funeral, Normand wept inconsolably. The Dines shooting. In 1924, Normand's chauffeur Joe Kelly shot and wounded millionaire oil broker and amateur golfer Courtland S. Dines with her pistol. In response, several theaters pulled Normand's films, and her films were banned in Ohio by the state film censorship board. Later career and death. Normand continued making films and was signed by Hal Roach Studios in 1926 after discussions with director/producer F. Richard Jones, who had directed her at Keystone. At Roach, she made the films "Raggedy Rose", "The Nickel-Hopper", and  One Hour Married (her last film), all co-written by Stan Laurel, and was directed by Leo McCarey in "Should Men Walk Home?" The films were released with extensive publicity support from the Hollywood community, including her friend Mary Pickford. In 1926, she married actor Lew Cody, with whom she had appeared in "Mickey" in 1918. They lived separately in nearby houses in Beverly Hills. However, Normand's health was in decline due to tuberculosis. After an extended stay in Pottenger Sanitorium, she died from pulmonary tuberculosis on February 23, 1930 in Monrovia, California at the age of 36. She  was interred as Mabel Normand-Cody at Calvary Cemetery, Los Angeles. Note that the date of birth listed on her crypt is incorrect (See reference notes 1 and 2. Her birth year was 1893). Normand’s mother is buried in the crypt above Normand's crypt. Legacy. Normand has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to motion pictures at 6821 Hollywood Boulevard. Her film "Mabel's Blunder" (1914) was added to the National Film Registry in December 2009. In June 2010, the New Zealand Film Archive reported the discovery of a print of Normand's  film "Won in a Closet" (exhibited in New Zealand under its alternate title "Won in a Cupboard"), a short comedy previously believed lost. This film is a significant discovery, as Normand directed the film and starred in the lead role, displaying her talents on both sides of the camera. Cultural references. Fictional portrayals. The 1974 Broadway musical "Mack & Mabel" (Michael Stewart and Jerry Herman) fictionalized the romance between Normand and Mack Sennett. Normand was played by Bernadette Peters and Robert Preston portrayed Sennett. Normand is played by actress Marisa Tomei in the 1992 film "Chaplin" opposite Robert Downey, Jr. as  Charles Chaplin; by Penelope Lagos in the first biopic about Normand's life, a 35-minute dramatic short film entitled "Madcap Mabel" (2010); and by Morganne Picard in the motion picture "Return to Babylon" (2013). In 2014, Normand was played on television by Andrea Deck in series 2, episode 8 of "Mr Selfridge" and by Kristina Thompson in the short film "Mabel's Dressing Room". The character played by Alice Faye in "Hollywood Cavalcade" (1938) was reputed to have been based partly on Normand. Filmography. Some of her early roles are credited as "Mabel Fortesque". References. Notes Mabel Normand Amabel