Nominative absolute
In English grammar, a nominative absolute is a free-standing (absolute) part of a sentence that describes the main subject and verb. It consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case joined with a predicate that does not include a finite verb and functioning usually as a sentence modifier, the most common being an adjective or a participle (present participle or past participle in English). It is usually at the beginning or end of the sentence, although it can also appear in the middle. Its parallel is the ablative absolute in  Latin, the genitive absolute in Greek, or the locative absolute in Sanskrit. One way to identify a nominative absolute is to add a conjunction and a verb: one can often (though not always) create a subordinate clause out of a nominative absolute by adding a subordinating conjunction (such as "because" or "when") and a form of the verb "to be". Examples: Sentences with Nominative Absolute, Compared with Sentences with Clauses or Adverbial Prepositional Phrases,