Josef Schintlmeister
Josef 'Sepp' Schintlmeister (16 June 1908, Radstadt – 14 August 1971, Hinterglemm) was an Austrian-German nuclear physicist and alpinist from Radstadt. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranium Club. After World War II, he was sent Russia to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project. After he returned to Vienna, he took positions in East Germany. He was a professor of physics at the "Technische Hochschule Dresden" as well holding a leading scientific position at the Rossendorf Central Institute for Nuclear Research. In Austria. Education. Schintlmeister had his  doctorate and had completed his Habilitation. Early career. During World War II, Schintlmeister, "Dozent für Experimentalphysik" (Docent for Experimental Physics), worked at the "II. Physikalisches Institut der Universität, Wien" (Second Physics Institute of the University of Vienna), where Georg Stetter was the director. One of his colleagues there was Willibald Jentschke. The Institute did research on transuranic elements and measurement of nuclear constants, in collaboration with the "Institut für Radiumforschung" (Institute for Radium Research) of the "Österreichischen Adademie der Wissenschaften" (Austrian Academy of Sciences). This work was done under the German nuclear energy project, also known as the "Uranverein" (Uranium  Club); see, for example, the publications cited below under "Internal Reports". In work completed in June 1940 and published in 1941, Schintlmeister had followed a line of reasoning similar to that of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Fritz Houtermans and had predicted the existence of the 94th element, plutonium. In two papers published in May 1941, Schintlmeister spelled out the implications of the 94th element in that it could be generated in a "Uranmaschine" (uranium machine, i.e., a nuclear reactor) and that it would be fissionable. In Russia. Near the close of World War II, the Soviet Union sent special  search teams into Germany to locate and deport German nuclear scientists or any others who could be of use to the Soviet atomic bomb project. The Russian Alsos teams were headed by NKVD Colonel General A. P. Zavenyagin and staffed with numerous scientists, from their only nuclear laboratory, attired in NKVD officer's uniforms. The main search team, headed by Colonel General Zavenyagin, arrived in Berlin on 3 May, the day after Russia announced the fall of Berlin to their military forces; it included Colonel General V. A. Makhnjov, and nuclear physicists Yulij Borisovich Khariton, Isaak Konstantinovich Kikoin, and Lev  Andreevich Artsimovich. Scientists who were sent to the Soviet Union were assigned to facilities under authority of the NKVD's 9th Chief Directorate, headed by Zavenyagin. The facilities were principally the following: Laboratory 2 (Moscow), Scientific Research Institute No. 9 (Moscow), Elektrostal Plant No. 12, Institutes A (Sinop, a suburb of Sukhumi) and G (Agudzery), Laboratory B (Sungul'), and Laboratory V (Obninsk). Schintlmeister was assigned to Laboratory 2, later known as the Laboratory for Measuring Instruments (LIPAN), and then the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, and today known as the Russian Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute", in Moscow. Return to Austria . In preparation for release from the Soviet Union, it was standard practice to put personnel into quarantine for a few years if they worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project, which Schintlmeister did. After quarantine, he was sent to Vienna in 1955. Soon thereafter, he took positions in the "Deutsche Demokratische Republik" (DDR, German Democratic Republic). He was appointed professor of nuclear physics at the "Technische Hochschule Dresden" (today, "Technische Universität Dresden"). Additionally, he was a leading scientist at the "Zentralinstitut für Kernforschung Rossendorf" (ZfK, Central Institute for Nuclear Research Rossendorf, today "Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf") near  Dresden. Other notable German scientists, who worked on the Soviet atomic bomb project and joined Schintlmeister at the "Technische Hochschule Dresden" were the physicists Heinz Barwich and Werner Hartmann from Institute G in Agudzery and Heinz Pose and Ernst Rexer from Laboratory V in Obninsk. On Schintlmeister's return to Vienna, he was invited to the British embassy, where a Scientific and Technical Intelligence Branch (STIB) officer asked him about his time in the Soviet Union. Schintlmeister declined the request. Once, visiting Austria after he had taken the positions in Dresden, British officials offered him the choice of either defecting  or becoming a source in the Bloc, preferably the Soviet Union. STIB archives confirms that Schintlmeister was a target of British MI6, the Secret Intelligence Service. Schintlmeister died of a heart attack while on vacation in Hinterglemm near Saalbach at 14 august 1971. Internal reports. The following reports were published in "Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte" ("Research Reports in Nuclear Physics"), an internal publication of the German "Uranverein". The reports were classified Top Secret, they had very limited distribution, and the authors were not allowed to keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States  Atomic Energy Commission for evaluation. In 1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics.