Charles Sandys
Charles Sandys (1786–1859) was an English antiquarian and member of the Sandys family. He was an early member of the British Archaeological Association and fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. He composed several works on the history of his home county, Kent, and the Canterbury Cathedral, including: a criticism of Robert Willis' history of the cathedral, a petition of the cathedral's lay clerks for higher wages, and a history of Kentish customs. Early life and Sandys family. Charles Sandys was born on 26 October 1786, to a Canterbury solicitor, Edwin Humphrey Sandys, and his second wife, Helen . On his father's side, he was born into the Sandys family, and so traces his lineage back as a direct descendant of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York (1576–1588), according to "Burke's Landed Gentry". His mother was the heiress of Edward, Lord Chick. The Sandys family later took a prominent part in the colonization of Virginia. Antiquarian career. While in Canterbury, Sandys became a keen antiquarian, especially relating to those antiquities of the historic county of Kent. In 1844, he became an early member of the British Archaeological Association, out of an interest in Kentish archeology. In 1845, he  presented an impression of a brass seal, from the time of Edward III, on 23 December. The following year, he published his first book, "A Critical Dissertation on Professor Willis's "Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral"" (1846). The work was dedicated to upholding William Gostling's view of the structural history of Canterbury Cathedral, against Robert Willis' "fanciful hypothesis", that the cathedral was almost entirely built in Archbishop Lanfranc's time, after the Norman conquest. J. G. Waller (in the Journal of the British Archeological Association) reviewed it favourably, claiming it "is exceeding useful and will be read with profit  by all who feel interested in the metropolitan church of Canterbury", praising it for correctly pointing out flaws in Willis' work. Modern biographer of Willis, Alexandrina Buchanan, has taken a less positive view of the work, declaring that "in reality, it was Sandys who was guilty as charged [in making incorrect historical deductions], though Willis did not condescend to make this point". In the 1846 third Annual Congress of the British Archaeological Association, then held in Gloucestershire, Sandys presented a paper, entitled "On the Celtic of Ancient British Mound, called 'The Dane-John Hill', at Canterbury", on the particulars of  the local mound. The same year, on 18 June, he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries In 1848, he edited and introduced "The Memorial and Case of the Clerici-Laici or Lay-Clerks of Canterbury Cathedral", a petition from the lay clerks of Canterbury Cathedral, to the Lord John Russell, asking for greater wages in comparison to the minor canons. Sandys composed a brief manuscript history of Reculver, Kent, from the Roman occupation to Henry VIII's reign. This was included by C. Roach Smith in his "History and Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne" (1850), and  the manuscript is now held in the library of Canterbury Cathedral. In 1851, Sandys composed "Consuetudines Kanciae: A History of Gavelkind and other Remarkable Customs in the County of Kent", described by his ODNB biographer, Shirley Burgoyne Black, as "his principal work". In his conclusion to the work, Sandys patriotically summed it up as "conduct[ing] the reader to the primeval fountains of historic truth, — to the pure sources of the English Constitution. And thus have we attempted to pourtray, in vivid contrast, the conflicting elements of Saxon liberty and Norman despotism"; wishing the reader to "dr[i]nk deeply of the gushing  tide of patriotism". Personal life and death. In 1808, Sandys became a solicitor, and took up a practise in Canterbury, Kent, which he continued until 1857. Here, he married Sedley Frances Burdett on 27 May 1815. Together, they had multiple children. In 1857, Sandys came across financial difficulty and travelled abroad, where, in 1859, at the age of 73, he died.