Ophthalmia Range
The Ophthalmia Range is a range in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It is approximately north of Perth; the nearest town is Newman, approximately to the south in the Hamersley Range. There are several misspellings of the name Ophthalmia, including: "Opthalmia" on page 670 of the 1975 Australia 1:250,000 Map Series Gazetteer published by the Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, and "Opthamalia"/"Opthalmania" on pages 161 and 223, respectively, with the latter spelling in the Index on page 445 in the 1990 Canning Stock Route: A Traveller's Guide for a Journey Through History book by Ronele and  Eric Gard, published by Western Desert Guides, Wembley Downs, W.A.; there is an Index entry under Opthalmania Range for page 232, which is erroneous [ISBN 0 7316 4433 6]. History. The first recorded sighting of the range was by the explorer Francis Thomas Gregory in 1861. On expedition he noted the obvious iron ore deposits that colour the range. The range was named in 1876 by Ernest Giles; Giles was temporarily blinded when he reached the area after travelling east from the headwaters of the Ashburton River and had to be led by his second in charge Alec Ross; he  named the range after his condition at the time. Giles' vision later recovered and he left unimpressed with the land. The next expedition to the area was conducted in 1896 when Aubrey Woodward Newman attempted to lead a party overland from Cue to Roebourne. Newman succumbed to typhoid before the expedition began and William Rudell took command. He later named Mount Newman () in the Ophthalmia Range after his deceased leader. Daisy Bates and her husband Jack had a pastoral lease in the Ophthalmia Range which they relinquished in 1914. The lease was subsequently taken over by William Albert Snell (1872 -1942) a Western Australian Outback identity in the same year. The area was surveyed by a geologist named H. Talbot in 1913. Talbot travelled through the area north of Peak Hill as part of a larger survey that commenced in 1910. The survey was mostly interested in gold and copper, and made no mention of the iron ore deposits. Mount Whaleback, which has been mined for iron ore for over 20 years, is a part of the Ophthalmia Range. The eastern end of the range is connected to the Hamersley Range.