Latrodectus tredecimguttatus
Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, also known as the Mediterranean black widow, or the European black widow, is a species in the genus "Latrodectus" of the widow spiders. It is commonly found throughout the Mediterranean region, ranging from southern Iberia to southwest and central Asia, hence the name. Specimens from central Asia are also known by the binomial name "Latrodectus lugubris"; that name, however, is now considered improper, though it is still commonly found in the literature. "Latrodectus tredecimguttatus" was previously considered a subspecies of "Latrodectus mactans". Description. "L. tredecimguttatus" is black in color, similar to most other widow species, and  is identified by the thirteen spots which are found on its dorsal abdomen (the species name is Latin for "with thirteen spots"). These spots are usually red in colour, but may also be yellow or orange. It is otherwise similar to other species in the genus "Latrodectus". The Mediterranean widow primarily lives in steppes and other grasslands, and can be a significant problem in areas where grain is harvested by hand. The female of the species has a body length of about , while the male is smaller and reaches at best. Only the female spider's bite is dangerous (either  for humans or cattle) as the male cannot penetrate the relatively thick epidermis. Toxicity. Like all "Latrodectus" species, "L. tredecimguttatus" has a painful bite that is fatal in rare cases. They are not in close association with humans generally, although epidemics of bites have been reported. There are many reports of Ukrainian farm workers receiving bites while working in the fields. The LD-50 of "L. tredecimguttatus" venom has been measured as 0.59 mg/kg, and separately again as 0.59 mg/kg (with a confidence interval of 0.33–1.06). In Kazakhstan – where it has the common name "karakurt" (literally "black worm ) – there are reports of this species biting and killing camels.