Papyrus 75
Papyrus 75 (formula_1, "Papyrus Bodmer XIV–XV") is an early Greek New Testament papyrus. It is generally described as "the most significant" papyrus of the New Testament to be discovered so far. This evaluation of the manuscript is a result of the early date that has usually been assigned to it (circa 175–225 CE) and the fact that its text so closely resembles that of the fourth-century Codex Vaticanus. However, the early date of formula_1, and therefore its importance for the textual criticism of the New Testament, was called into question in 2016. Description. formula_1 was discovered  in the 1950s and once belonged to the Swiss book collector Martin Bodmer (thus its original designation, P. Bodmer XIV–XV). It was sold in 2006 and donated to the Vatican Library, which now refers to the manuscript as "Hanna Papyrus 1 (Mater Verbi)". Originally "[it] contained about 144 pages ... of which 102 have survived, either in whole or in part." It "contains about half the text of ... two Gospels"  – Luke (Papyrus Bodmer XIV) and John (Papyrus Bodmer XV) in Greek. It was originally assigned on the basis of its handwriting to circa 175–225 CE, but it has recently been  asserted on the basis of comparative evidence that handwriting very similar to that of formula_1 was still in use in the fourth century. In any event, formula_1 is one of the earliest manuscripts (along with formula_1) of the Gospel of Luke. "The surviving fragment contains Luke 3:18–24:53." An unusual feature of this codex is that when the Gospel of Luke ends, the Gospel of John begins on the same page. It lacks text of Christ's agony at Gethsemane (Luke 22:43–44) and the Pericope Adulterae. It uses a staurogram (⳨) in Luke 9:23, 14:27, and 24:7. Text. The Greek text  of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Kurt Aland placed it in Category I. The text is closer to Codex Vaticanus than to Codex Sinaiticus. Agreement between formula_1 and codex B is 92% in John, and 94% in Luke. It concurs with formula_1. According to Kurt Aland, formula_1 is the key for understanding the primitive textual history of New Testament, but recently Brent Nongbri has argued that restricting the date of formula_1 to the late second or early third century is not realistic, and that the similarity of the text of formula_1 to that of Codex  Vaticanus might be better explained by considering both books as products of the fourth century. Textual variants. In Luke 8:21 it reads αυτον instead of αυτους; the reading is supported by Minuscule 705 and Codex Veronensis. In Luke 11:4, the phrase αλλα ρυσαι ημας απο του πονηρου ("but deliver us from evil") is omitted. The omission of this phrase is also supported by the following manuscripts: Sinaiticus (א), Vaticanus (B), Codex Regius, "f", 700, vg, sy, sa, bo. In Luke 16:19 the manuscript reads Ανθρωπος δε τις ην πλουσιος, ονοματι Ν[ιν]ευης, και ενεδιδυσκετο "There was a rich man, with the  name N[in]eue, who clothed himself", This reading has support from the Sahidic version and the two Greek minuscule manuscripts 36 and 37, in addition to a scholion of uncertain date have ευρον δε τινες και του πλουσιου εν τισιν αντιγραφοις τουνομα Νινευης λεγομενον. In Luke 23:34, formula_1 has omitted the words: "And Jesus said: Father forgive them, they know not what they do." This omission is supported by the manuscripts Sinaiticus (א), Vaticanus (B), Bezae (D), Washingtonianus (W), Koridethi (Θ), Uncial 070, 579, 1241, it, sy, sa, bo. Luke 24:26 John 10:7 The manuscript also lacks the Pericope of the  Adulteress, usually placed in translations at John 7:53–8:11. This omission is supported by the manuscripts formula_1 | א | B | A | C | L | N | T | W | X | Δ | Θ | Ψ | 0141. | 0211. | 3. | 9.* | 22. | 33, | 72. | 96. | 97. | 106. | 108. | 123. | 131. | 139. | 157. | 179.* | 249. | 250. | 253. | 565. | 1241. | 1333. | 1424. | 2768. | a | f | l | q | sy | ly  | pbo | bo; Or Hier; plus according to Tischendorf, at least 50 others (see manuscript evidence against PdA).