Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)
Bobov (or Bobover Hasidism) (, ) is a Hasidic community within Haredi Judaism, originating in Bobowa, Galicia, in southern Poland, and now headquartered in the neighborhood of Borough Park, in Brooklyn, New York. Bobov developed into a leading Hasidic dynasty through the leadership of Shlomo Halberstam, a Holocaust survivor. There are currently two independent Bobov communities, each with their own rebbes and institutions. The first, which carries the name Bobov and inherited all Bobov institutions, is led by Benzion Halberstam. The second one, named Bobov-45, broke away from the main group in 2005, and established their own institutions; they  are led by Mordechai Dovid Unger. Bobov communities are found in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn; in Monsey, New York; Lakewood, New Jersey; Montreal; Toronto; Antwerp; and London. In Israel, Bobov has large branches in Jerusalem, Bnei Brak, Ashdod, Elad, Beitar Illit, and an enclave, "Kiryas Bobov", in Bat Yam. History. First Rebbe of Bobov, Shlomo Halberstam. Bobov originated with Rabbi Shlomo Halberstam, who was the grandson of Grand Rabbi Chaim Halberstam of Sanz, in the Galician village of Bobowa. While most of the early yeshivos (Talmudical academies) originated in Lithuania, the 19th century saw the opening of similar institutions  in Poland. The first yeshiva in Poland was established by the first Bobover Rebbe in 1881 in Vishnitsa, where he was rabbi then; and it later moved with him to Bobov. Second Bobover Rebbe, Benzion Halberstam. His work was continued by his son, Grand Rabbi Ben Zion Halberstam, author of "Kedushas Tzion". The Bobov Yeshiva was originally situated only in the town of Bobov itself. However, under his guidance, the court grew in numbers, with Hasidic youth flocking to Bobov. Subsequently, as many as sixty branches of the yeshiva under the name Etz Chaim were established throughout Galicia. During World  War II, the Bobov Hasidic movement was destroyed. The second Rebbe himself was murdered in the Holocaust (1874 - 1941/3 Menachem Av, HY"D), together with family members and thousands of his followers. Third Bobover Rebbe, Shlomo Halberstam. Barely 300 Hasidim survived, and the Rebbe's son, Rabbi Shlomo Halberstam, took it upon himself to rebuild Bobov. He first settled in the West Side of Manhattan, later moving to Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn. The yeshiva was located on the west side of Brooklyn Avenue, at 184 Brooklyn Avenue, between Park Place and Prospect Place; it later moved to nearby Borough Park. Rabbi  Shlomo was known as a very wise man and a "gaon" (exalted) in "middos" (good attributes). He was noted for his steadfastness in not taking sides in disputes. This brought him great popularity and respect. Over the more than fifty years that Rabbi Shlomo was Rebbe of Bobov, he founded and built a worldwide network of synagogues, Hasidic schools for boys and girls, "mesivtas" (high schools), and post-high school houses of learning. Besides schools, a summer camp for boys was founded in 1957 in Ferndale, New York, and a girls camp, Camp Gila, was founded a few years later . At the time of his death in August 2000, he was mourned by more followers than his father had in pre-war Poland. His Hebrew date of death was the first of Av, the same as that of Aaron, the Biblical High Priest. Many have noted their similar characteristics of "Ohev Shalom VeRodef Shalom" (Loved peace and pursued peace). Fourth Bobover Rebbe, Naftuli Halberstam. With Rabbi Shlomo Halberstam's death, his son, Rabbi Naftali Zvi Halberstam, succeeded him. Rabbi Naftali Zvi died on March 23, 2005 (12th of Adar II, 5765), at age seventy-four, leaving a wife, two daughters , and two sons-in-law: one, Rabbi Yehoshua Rubin, Rav of Bobov-45, and the other, Rabbi Mordechai Dovid Unger, Rebbe of Bobov-45. Fifth and current Rebbe of Bobov, Benzion Halberstam. After Grand Rabbi Naftali Tzvi Halberstam of Bobov died in 2005, a dispute arose among Bobover Hasidim as to who should succeed the dynasty leadership; the majority preferred Rabbi Ben Zion Aryeh Leibish Halberstam,the brother of the late Rebbe, while another smaller group of people preferred Rabbi Mordechai Dovid Unger, the son-in-law of the late Rebbe. For seven years, while a prolonged arbitration proceeding at a "beth  din" was going on, both groups claimed the rightful Bobov leadership. After seven years of deliberation, the "beth din" ruled, among other decisions regarding assets, that Rabbi Ben Zion Aryeh Leibish Halberstam, brother of the previous Rebbe, has the only right to claim the name Bobov and is the rightful successor. however, the ruling allowed Rabbi Mordechai Dovid Unger to be named Bobov-45 rebbe. Bobov-45. Bobov-45 is an offshoot of the Bobov dynasty, also headquartered in Borough Park. It has branches in Williamsburg, Monsey, Lakewood; Montreal; Toronto; London; Manchester; and Antwerp; and an enclave "Yishuv of Chasidei Bobov-45" in Union , New Jersey. In Israel, Bobov-45 has branches in Jerusalem, Bnei Brak, Beit Shemesh, Ashdod, Elad, and Beitar Illit. Mordechai Dovid Unger is the first Grand Rabbi of Bobov-45. He is the younger son-in-law of the fourth Bobover Rebbe, Naftali Zvi Halberstam. Yehoshua Rubin, the older son-in-law of Halberstam, is the current "dayan" and rabbinical leader of the sect. History of Bobov-45. The third Bobover Rebbe, Shlomo Halberstam, rebuilt the Bobov Hasidic dynasty in the United States, after losing his wife and most of his children in the Holocaust; his son, Naftali, survived. After the war, Shlomo  Halberstam remarried, and had a son, Ben Zion Aryeh Leibish Halberstam, half-brother to Naftali. Naftali became the fourth rebbe upon his father's death. He had no sons, but left two daughters, one of whom married Yehoshua Rubin, and the other Mordechai Dovid Unger. In 2005, after the death of Naftali Halberstam, a breakaway group of Bobover Hasidim loyal to his son-in-law, Mordechai Dovid Unger, set up a grand hall under his leadership on 45th Street in Borough Park, Brooklyn. A leadership dispute then arose between Unger and Ben Zion Aryeh Leibish Halberstam, who both claimed the  title of Bobover Rebbe. The dispute was taken to a "beth din" (arbitration panel), which ruled that the faction following Halberstam held the rights to the name "Bobov". Unger was also allowed to use the name Bobov, as long as a distinguishing identifier would be added to it. The qualifying suffix "-45" was henceforth adopted in tribute to the street on which the community center of the sect was located at the time. In addition, the "beth din" ordered Bobov to pay $6,200,000 to Bobov-45's Rebbe and "dayan" in twenty-five quarterly installments, as an allotment of their  faction's share of the inheritance of the Bobov enterprise's assets, which was valued at over $50,000,000 at the time. The award was based upon the number of members in the two communities. As the Rebbe of Bobov-45, Mordechai Dovid Unger has also been active in the wider Jewish community. Institutions. Community institutions, such as a synagogue, have been built within Bobov-45. Other Bobov infrastructure includes a Yeshiva, beth midrash (study hall), "cheder" (elementary school), yeshiva ketana (secondary school), "mesivta", girls school, day camp, and wedding halls.