Government revenue
Government revenue or national revenue is money received by a government from taxes and non-tax sources to enable it to undertake government expenditures. Government revenue as well as government spending are components of the government budget and important tools of the government's fiscal policy. The collection of revenue is the most basic task of a government, as revenue is necessary for the operation of government and enforcement of its laws, and this necessity of revenue was a major factor in the development of the modern bureaucratic state. Government revenue is distinct from government debt and money  creation, which both serve as temporary measures of increasing a government's money supply without increasing its revenue. Sources. There are a variety of sources from which government can derive revenue. The most common sources of government revenue have varied in different places and time periods. In modern times, tax revenue is typically the primary source of revenue for a government. Types of taxes recognized by the OECD include taxes on income and profits (including income taxes and capital gains taxes), social security contributions, payroll taxes, property taxes (including wealth taxes, inheritance taxes, and gift taxes), and taxes on goods  and services (including value-added taxes, sales taxes, excises, and duties). Non-tax revenue includes dividends from government-owned corporations, central bank revenue, fines, fees, sale of assets, and capital receipts in the form of external loans and debts from international financial institutions. Foreign aid is often a major source of revenue for developing countries, and for some developing countries it's the primary source of revenue. Seignorage is one of the ways a government can increase revenue, by deflating the value of its currency in exchange for surplus revenue, by saving money this way governments can increase the prices  of goods. Under a federalist system, sub-national governments may derive some of their revenue from federal grants. Politics. Most governments have a finance minister that oversees government revenue. Governments may also have a separate revenue service dedicated to the collection of revenue.