James Patrick Gardner
James Patrick Gardner (5 March 1883 – 25 July 1937) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. Born in Belfast, he was educated by the Christian Brothers there before taking up the trade of architectural sculptor. He moved to Hammersmith in West London, where he became a member of the borough council in 1919. He was also an official in the National Furnishing Trades Association. In 1922 he was chosen by the Labour Party to contest the Conservative-held seat of Hammersmith North. He failed to be elected on that occasion, but whereas the previous Labour  candidate in the seat had finished a poor fourth, Gardner clinched second place, greatly increasing the Labour vote share. When another election was held in the following year he was elected MP for North Hammersmith by the narrow margin of 845 votes over the new Conservative candidate Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett. A further general election was held in October 1924. Unlike 1922 and 1923 when the Liberals had fielded a candidate in North Hammersmith, the 1924 contest was a straight fight between Gardner and his previous Conservative opponent, Ashmead-Bartlett. Although Gardner actually increased both his vote share and the number  of votes he received, Ashmead-Bartlett emerged victorious with a majority of just under 2,000 votes. In 1926, Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett, the MP for Hammersmith North, resigned. In the resulting by-election, held against the background of the General Strike, Gardner regained the seat with the substantial majority of 3,611 votes over the Conservative's Samuel Gluckstein. He retained the seat at the 1929 general election. Following the election the Labour Party formed a minority government. This was subsequently replaced by a National Government in August 1931 leading to a split in the Labour Party. At the election held in  October 1931 Gardner, like most Labour MPs opposing the government, was defeated. Gardner did not return to parliamentary politics after his 1931 defeat, but was a member of the Hammersmith council until his death.