Pangbourne College
Pangbourne College is a co-educational independent day and boarding school located in the civil parish of Pangbourne, in the English county of Berkshire. It is set in 230 acres, on a hill south-west of the village, in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The college was founded by Sir Thomas Lane Devitt Bt. in 1917 as The Nautical College, Pangbourne with the purpose of training boys to become Merchant Navy officers. It became "Pangbourne College" in 1969 and while conforming to the general lines of a British independent boarding school, retains a distinctly nautical flavour; the  pupils wear naval uniform. History. The college was founded by Sir Thomas Lane Devitt, 1st Baronet, in 1917 as "The Nautical College, Pangbourne", on the site originally occupied by Clayesmore School, now located in Dorset. The Nautical College's purpose was to prepare boys to become officers in the Merchant Navy through his shipping company Devitt and Moore, although both he, and later his son, Sir Phillip Devitt, also wanted the boys to have a well-rounded education in case they later changed their minds about going to sea. At the time of founding the German campaign of unrestricted submarine  warfare was at its height, and this was one reason for a nautical training school to be sited inland. Almost immediately after founding, the Admiralty took a keen interest, and naval uniform together with the status of cadet in the Royal Naval Reserve was awarded to every student, putting the college in line with similar schools at that time, such as HMS "Worcester" and HMS "Conway". These last two institutions closed in 1968 and 1974 respectively as the number of young men seeking a career at sea declined, and in 1969 The Nautical College, Pangbourne became "Pangbourne College". This also  saw a shift in emphasis to a stronger academic programme, and with a civilian headmaster to replace the former post of captain superintendent. Directors of studies were replaced by the post of second master. The fourth, and current, headmaster, Thomas Garnier, served in the Royal Navy before switching to a career in teaching. He taught physics and was a housemaster before becoming headmaster in 2005. In addition to normal academic subjects, the college's curriculum included the teaching of seamanship and navigation, theoretical and practical, to O Level for all boys, and to Higher National Diploma (A Level equivalent) in  Seamanship for cadets wishing to embark on a career in the Merchant Navy. Originally catering to about 200 male "cadets" bound largely for service in the Merchant and Royal Navies, the school now has approximately 400 co-educational pupils, both day and boarding. It has a Christian ethos, takes a wide range of academic abilities and focuses on the development of the whole person, particularly including "courtesy and self-discipline", "supporting the success of others" and "aiming high". For most of its history, the college numbered on average around 200 cadets in any given year. Recently numbers have expanded to  an average complement of around 400, due in part to the college becoming co-educational in 1996 and opening a junior house. A number of naval traditions are maintained. The college holds a parade every third Sunday, culminating on 'Founders Day' with the ceremony of "beat the retreat". While the title of "cadet" for pupils has fallen into disuse, pupils continue to wear naval uniform on a daily basis, including the traditional rank slides of a Royal Navy cadet. College argot reflects the nautical traditions, with "cabins" instead of study bedrooms, "gunrooms" instead of pupil common rooms, "galleys" instead of  kitchens, and so on. A focus on water-borne sports, including rowing and sailing, remains a legacy of a nautical past. Academic. Pangbourne takes students with a range of academic abilities, the majority of whom enter via common entrance (13+) and a few at sixth form (16+). Subjects are taught at both GCSE and A-level. "The Good Schools Guide" describes Pangbourne as "a modern and successful school which concentrates on bringing the best out of each pupil". The college has a boarding culture with sixty per-cent of the pupils within the school. An Independent Schools Inspectorate  visit in November 2019 reported the college to be "excellent" in all nine of its categories. Divisions. The boarding houses at Pangbourne are known as "divisions". "*Pupils aged from 11–13 years belong to Dunbar." All of the divisions are named after ships operated at various times by the Devitt and Moore Line, and all contain roughly 60 pupils. Every pupil at Pangbourne is allocated to a boarding house when applying to Pangbourne whether he or she is a boarder or day pupil. Pangbourne does not use the system whereby scholars live in their own separate house, but instead chooses to  integrate them into regular divisions. The divisions constantly compete against each other in sports and extra-curricular activities, ranging from debating and singing to running and marching. The division which has performed best at the end of the year is presented with the coveted Headmaster's Cup on Founder's Day. Each division is staffed by a housemaster or housemistress, assistant housemaster or mistress, a matron, and a number of house tutors. In addition to these, each division has a chief, one or more deputy chiefs, and a new entry cadet officer drawn from among the senior pupils. Extracurricular activities . Sport. Pangbourne offers students a range of sports with professional coaching. The performance of the Pangbourne College Boat Club is exceptional. The school has won the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup four times at the Henley Royal Regatta. The college has a rugby club, with the first XV progressing to the latter stages of the Daily Mail Cup in recent years. (FTC) In 2013 "The Red Wall" became associated with the London Irish Rugby Club. This now gives team members access to professional training through the London Irish's Academy. A number of Pangbournians have gone on to play at county , academy and national level, whilst still at the school. Non-sporting activities. The college has a Combined Cadet Force contingent consisting of three sections: Royal Navy, Army and Royal Marines. In the year 2013-2014 13 pupils went to the Falkland Islands to complete their gold award expedition. There is a marching band. Formed originally to provide fifes, drums and bugles to lead parades, it has now developed brass and wind sections as well, and performs outside the college for charity events. Each year it leads the Remembrance Sunday service parade through Pangbourne village. The school has a new music  centre. It has inaugurated the Pangbourne College piano festival, in which participating pupils come from all over the Home Counties and London to take part, using the pianos in its three recital halls. There is an annual Pangbourne College composers` competition. Falkland Islands Memorial Chapel. The Falkland Islands Memorial Chapel was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in March 2000. It was built to commemorate the lives and sacrifice of all those who died during the Falklands War of 1982, and the courage of those who served with them to protect the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands. The shape of  the building was designed to resemble a ship, reflecting the college's naval history. It was largely due to this history that the college was chosen as the site for this national memorial chapel, together with the fact that 45 Old Pangbournians served in the Falklands conflict. More than a third of these OP's were either decorated or mentioned in despatches; most publicly known of the OP's taking part at the time were D.H. Scott-Masson (Pangbourne 1944–46) who was captain of "Canberra", the P&O liner converted to troop ship and hospital ship for the conflict; and Major  (later Lieutenant Colonel) Ewen Southby-Tailyour RM (Pangbourne 1955–59), who was one of the first ashore with the retaking of the islands. Apart from also being a gifted yachtsman, he is a prolific author, and among other books, he had published a detailed sailing guide to the coasts around the islands called "Falkland Island Shores", which had to be hastily withdrawn by the Ministry of Defence at the outbreak of hostilities The Queen returned to the college in 2007, together with the Duke of Edinburgh, Prime Ministers Baroness Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair, and service chiefs responsible for the conduct  of that war, to mark the 25th anniversary of the Argentine surrender. Links between the Falkland Islands and the college were also recently highlighted by the visit this year to the chapel of the Falkland Islands Governor, Mr. Colin Roberts. On the south side of the building, there is the World War II memorial window, commemorating more than 200 former cadets who lost their lives in that conflict - a huge number, when one considers that between 1917 and 1939, the college only ever averaged around 150 cadets in any given year. A staggering number of medals and citations were won  during this war by Old Pangbournians, including 2 George Crosses for service in the Merchant Navy: an Albert Medal won for saving life at sea in the Mediterranean, and converted to a George Cross in 1971; and a George Cross awarded in naval bomb disposal. A further 31 Distinguished Service Orders, 91 Distinguished Service Crosses, and 2 George Medals were awarded. The window denotes an airman, a Merchant Navy seaman, a commando and a naval officer. It was transferred from the college's former St. Nicholas Chapel. Pangbourne's war effort was so significant that it prompted a special visit  from King George VI and his daughter, the then Princess Elizabeth, for the Founder's Day prize giving in 1943, at the height of the war. The college has had many other visits from members of the British Royal Family over the years, beginning with the Prince of Wales in 1927 for the college's tenth anniversary - he later became Edward VIII; and continuing with visits from Princess Alice through to four further visits by the Queen; four from the Duke of Edinburgh; a visit from Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1980; and visits from Earl Mountbatten, The Princess  Royal and the Duke of York, who is also Patron of the Chapel. The most recent visit by the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh took place on May 9, 2017, with a service in the chapel, followed by a parade, to help mark the college's centennial year. Each seat has been donated by an organisation or individual, and under each seat is a kneeler with the name of one of the Falklands` casualties. The chapel was the winner of "Private Eye's" Sir Hugh Casson Award for the worst new building of the year in 2000, with  the magazine's architecture critic, 'Piloti', describing it as ""so very like the Ruskin Library that its 'architects' are obviously shameless".