Lim Kim San
Lim Kim San (; 30 November 1916 – 20 July 2006) was a Singaporean politician. He was credited for leading the successful public housing program in the Southeast Asian city-state during the early 1960s, which eased the acute housing shortage problem at that time. Career. In 1958, Lim was appointed to the Public Service Commission and the Housing Board. Housing Development Board. In 1960, Lim was appointed the first Chairman of the Housing Development Board. Due to a rapidly increasing population, more than 400,000 people were living in over-crowded conditions in ramshackle “shophouse” buildings or in squatter  settlements with substandard living conditions. At this time, Lim was appointed to the Housing Development Board. He had volunteered for the job and had not been paid for three years. It was in this position that Lim oversaw the massive construction of high-rise, low-cost apartments that would eventually become the main source of housing for Singaporeans. Housing Plan. Lim was known for his organizing and planning abilities. He forwent a detailed planning stage and instead chose a "rough and ready" approach to work fast using rough estimates of the housing requirement. In the first two year of this  crash program, over 2000 units were built, more than what was built in the previous decade. Lim defied all detractors, in particular those in the Singapore Improvement Trust, who said he could not build 10,000 units a year. A committee was eventually set up under Lim Tay Boh () to find out whether the HDB had the capability and the materials to reach the construction goal. By the time the committee published its report, the HDB had already completed 10,000 units of housing. In the first Five Year Housing Program, HDB achieved its goal of completing 5,000 units of housing by  1965. The largest project at that time was Queenstown, a satellite town of more than 17,500 apartments capable of housing close to 22,000 people. The new neighborhood was built as a self-contained entity, with all amenities and shops built along with the houses, so people would not need to travel to other areas for basic necessities, thereby lowering traffic congestion. This philosophy (which was ultimately extended with the concept of regional centre), is generally accredited by many to have significantly contributed to the lower rate of congestion and burden on the central business district than before. In May 1961 , the Bukit Ho Swee Fire broke out and some 16,000 people became homeless. Under Lim's guidance, the relocation and reconstruction of the lost housing was completed in just over four years, and 1200 housing flats were made available to those who lost their homes in the fire. The success of the housing project was considered by some to stem mainly from the standardized architectural designs that were used. Another important factor was Lim's decision to use private contractors rather than employing construction workers directly. This allowed the HDB to supervise the contractors to ensure standards, rather than dealing  with minute problems. Also, overall cost was kept low by using a large pool of contractors and different sources of building materials. There are some who said that by solving Singapore's housing problem, Lim saved the PAP in the process. However, Lim himself was more modest, saying the success of the housing programme was also due to government funding, as housing was, and still is, a top priority. Part of Lim's success at the HDB was that he had the trust of the Prime Minister at the time, Lee Kuan Yew. He also worked closely with the Minister  of Finance at the time, Goh Keng Swee. These connections allowed Lim keep the housing program well-funded. Another political factor that allowed the success of the Housing Project was that Lim managed to cut through bureaucratic red tape and rigid regulations that would have otherwise hindered the housing program. Port of Singapore Authority. After retiring from politics, Lim was appointed Chairman of the Port of Singapore Authority from 1979 to 1994. Under his leadership, Singapore became the busiest port in the world. Singapore Press Holdings. In 1988, he was appointed as Executive Chairman of the board of Singapore Press  Holdings, but he accepted only on the condition that he was given executive powers. He restructured the company and upgraded the printing presses with full color capabilities and a new press centre. Political career. In September 1963, Lim stood for election in the Singapore Legislative Assembly election as a PAP candidate from the Cairnhill constituency. Lim won by a landslide, winning 7,749 votes out of the 11,659 cast. In October, Lim was appointed as Minister for National Development. Also, in recognition of Lim's adept ability of judging a person's merits, he was also brought on board as the  PAP's "talent scout." After Singapore's independence in 1965, Lim served as Minister of Finance for 2 years, before becoming the Minister of Interior and Defence. He held this position for three years until 1970, when Lim was appointed as Chairman of the Public Utilities Board to oversee the development of new water reservoirs. He would hold the chairmanship from 1971 to 1978. He therefore returned to the other posts, such as Minister for Environment (1972 - 1975/1979 - 1981), Minister for Communications (1975 - 1978) and Minister for National Development (1978 - 1979). Lim was Chairman of the Council of Presidential Advisers  from 1992 to 2003. Lim quit politics in 1980 but remained active in public life well into the twilight years of his life. Personal life. Born in 1916 in Singapore, Lim was the eldest of six children. He was educated at Oldham Hall School, Anglo-Chinese School, and then Raffles College (now known as the National University of Singapore), where he obtained a Diploma in Arts (Economics) in 1939. When World War II erupted and the Japanese occupied Singapore, Lim was one of many tortured on suspicion of being pro-communist and pro-British. A long time after the war , Lim said that those who survived the horror and the brutality of the Japanese occupation "will never forget them." Lim also said that the experience, while traumatic and humiliating, politicized his generation and made them vow to "never let our fate be decided by others." Lim made his first million at age 36 when he came up with a machine to produce sago pearls cheaply. Lim had five children, 12 grandchildren and 5 great-grandchildren. Death. After a long illness, Lim died at approximately 5.30PM SST on 20 July 2006 at his home. He was cremated at Mandai Crematorium. In  recognition of Lim's work for the government, the Singaporean state flags on all government buildings were flown at half-mast on the day of his funeral. Honours. In June 1962, Lim was awarded Singapore's highest honor, the Darjah Utama Temasek (Order of Temasek). In August 1965, he was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for his community leadership.