Reiner Knizia
Reiner Knizia () is a prolific German-style board game designer. Early life and education. Born in Germany, he developed his first game at the age of eight. He gained a Master of Science from Syracuse University in the United States and a doctorate in Mathematics from the University of Ulm in Germany. He went on to manage a two-billion-dollar financial company. Career. Knizia has been a full-time game designer since 1997, when he quit his job from the board of a large international bank. Knizia has been living in England since 1993. In addition to  having designed over 600 published games, Knizia is highly acclaimed as a designer, having won the Deutscher Spiele Preis four times, a Spiel des Jahres (in addition to a Kinderspiel des Jahres and a special award), and numerous other national and international awards. At the Origins Game Fair in 2002 he was inducted into the Gaming Hall of Fame. His games frequently make appearances on various "top games" lists, including the GAMES 100 list, the BoardGameGeek top 100, and the Internet Top 100 Games List. Several gaming conventions host "Kniziathons", which are tournaments dedicated to celebrating Knizia-designed games. Reiner  Knizia started developing games for his play-by-mail game zine "Postspillion", founded in 1985. The zine still exists, and the game Bretton Woods (also a Reiner Knizia design), which was started in 1987, is still going. One of Knizia's best selling games is "Lord of the Rings", published in 17 languages with over one million copies sold. His dice game "Pickomino" has also reached 1 million copies sold and his "Keltis" sold over 600,000 copies. His game "Ingenious" has been published in over 20 languages. In 2011, Knizia designed a Star Trek-themed game for NECA/WizKids, based  on the 2009 film that 'reset' the Star Trek universe. In 2015 Ravensburger released "Star Wars VII - Galaxy Rebellion" based on the popular movie franchise. A number of Knizia designs have been redeveloped for the electronic gaming & console markets. "Ingenious" (aka "Einfach Genial") and "Keltis" have both appeared in CD-ROM versions; "Lost Cities" was adapted for Xbox 360 via Xbox Live Arcade. An original game for the Nintendo DS, "Dr. Reiner Knizia's Brainbenders" was published in 2008; "Keltis" for the NDS followed in 2009. Other mobile implementations of Knizia titles include "Lost Cities", "Battle Line", "Kingdoms", "Medici", "Ra , Through the Desert", "Samurai" and "Tigris and Euphrates". Knizia has also designed various game applications specifically for the iPhone, including "Robot Master", "Dice Monster", "Labyrinth" and "Pipes". Over several years Knizia has developed a number of hybrid boardgames with electronic components, most notably with German publisher Ravensburger. The first of these was the "King Arthur" adventure game in 2003, later updated for use with the iPhone in 2014. Other titles include "Die Insel", the award-winning "Wer War's?", "Der Drei ???" and in 2015 "Captain Black" (notable for a talking ghost pirate captain and a 90 cm - 3 feet - 3D  ship). Game characteristics. Knizia's games cover many board game genres. He has designed small two-player card games, children's games, and even a live-action roleplaying game. One element of modern game design that Reiner Knizia has pioneered is abstract theme. Older themed games like Monopoly have traditionally developed their themes by trying to model or emulate the environment or situation they are thematically tied to. So Monopoly has players buying and developing properties as a real estate developer might. Knizia's thematic game designs tend not to try to model a specific environment, but instead try to  invoke the thought and decision-making processes that are key to the theme. For example, Knizia's game "Medici" has a fairly abstract game system of drawing and buying cards that does not try to model any particular environment, but in the game-world, the players are always attempting to price risk, the key success factor in the investment banking business in which the Medicis made their fortune. A further example of this can be found in Knizia's game, "Tigris and Euphrates". The players each take control of one of four different dynasties of Mesopotamia around 3,000 B.C. Each  dynasty has priests, farmers, traders, and kings who are placed strategically on the board. The players take turns expanding their dynasties, controlling rivers, building temples, and attacking the other players' dynasties. Instead of "Tigris and Euphrates" having many complicated rules, the game is relatively simple and has very streamlined rules that does not attempt to emulate the real-life conflicts but rather abstracts this out, allowing for the players to focus on strategic decision making. This approach has allowed Knizia to develop games that are comparatively simple but require thoughtful game-play, while still retaining strongly thematic elements. Using his  understanding of principles in mathematics to full effect, pricing and evaluating risk are frequently recurring elements in Reiner Knizia games. Many of his most successful designs use auctions as a vehicle to price risk, as in "Ra", "Medici", and "Modern Art". Games. Some of Knizia's games are: