Kairo block
Kairo block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Lohardaga subdivision of Lohardaga district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand. History. Lohardaga was made a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1972. Ranchi district was split into three districts namely Ranchi, Gumla and Lohardaga, in 1983. Maoist activities. Lohardaga has been identified as an “A” grade highly Maoist infested district. Kuru, Bhandra, Kairo, Kisko, Jowang and Senha police stations are totally affected and Lohardaga police station is partially affected. The Maoist outfits are mainly interested in extorting the bauxite mining and transport industry. The police  force has been trained to take on the Maoist outfits and has been extending support at important points. Lohardaga has lost one Superintendent of Police, Ajay Kumar Singh, IPS in the anti-insurgency operations. Geography. Kairo is located at . Lohardaga district consists of two broad physiographic divisions – the hilly tract and the plateau region. The hilly tract extends over the western and north-western parts of the district. The high hill tops of this region are known as "pat". The plateau region is a part of the Gumla Plateau, which lies in the southern portion of Chota Nagpur Plateau. Lohardaga  and Bhandra CD blocks are entirely in the plateau region. Other administrative areas, such as Kisko, Senha and Kuru CD blocks are partly in the plateau region and partly in the hilly tract. Kairo CD block is bounded by the Kuru CD block on the north, Chanho and Bero CD blocks in the Ranchi district on the east, Bhandra CD block on the south and Lohardaga CD block on the west Kairo CD block has an area of 105.26 km.Kairo police station serves Kairo CD block. The headquarters of Kairo CD block is located at Kairo village. Demographics. Population . According to the 2011 Census of India, Kairo CD block had a total population of 37,867, all of which were rural. There were 18,773 (50%) males and 19,094 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 6,436. Scheduled Castes numbered 726 (1.92%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 23,585 (62.28%). Literacy. According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kairo CD block was 20,228 (64.36% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 11,669 (74.88% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 8,559 (54.01% of the female population over  6 years). The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 20.87%. See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate Language and religion. According to the "District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, 2011 census," “the distribution of different mother tongues (languages mentioned under 8th Schedule of Constitution of India) as returned during the 2001 Census for Lohardaga district was” Kurukh (42.15%), Hindi (39.66%), Urdu (16.46%) and other languages 1.73%. According to the "Population by Mother Tongue" in the 2011 Census of India, 38.96% of the population in the Lohardaga district spoke Kurukh, 33.17% Sadri, 13.87% Urdu, 12.5 % Hindi and other languages 1.50% as their first language. Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. According to the "District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, 2011 census," ‘Other Religions and Persuasions’ formed 47.2% of the population, followed by Hindus (28.6%), Muslims (20.1%), Christians (4.0%). The Oraon people dominate in Lohardaga district. In the 2001 census they numbered 164,379 and formed 80.95% of the Scheduled Tribes population, who in turn constituted 55.70% of the population in the district. The Lohras formed 4.79% of the ST population. Rural poverty. 70-80% of the population  of Lohardaga district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005.In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Lohardaga district came down to 38.0%.According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line." Economy. Livelihood. In Kairo CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8,974 and formed 46.57%, agricultural labourers numbered 8,153 and formed 42.26%, household industry workers numbered 207 and formed 1.07% and other workers numbered 1,944 and formed 10.09%. Total workers  numbered 19,268 and formed 50.88% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 18,599 and formed 49.12% of the population. Infrastructure. There are 26 inhabited villages in Kairo CD block. In 2011, 14 villages had power supply. 26 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 26 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 8 villages had post offices, 19 villages had sub post offices, 4 villages had telephones (land lines), 22 villages had mobile phone coverage. 26 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 1 village had bus service (public/ private), 18 villages had autos/ modified autos, 5  villages had taxi/vans, 23 villages had tractors. 1 village had a bank branch, 17 villages had public distribution system, 19 villages had assembly polling stations. Agriculture. Large areas of the district were earlier covered with forests. With gradual deforestation, more land is being brought under cultivation. At present around 32-35% of the total area is covered with forests. Rice is grown in the terraced lowlands called "don". In the uplands called "tanr", a coarse form of rice, millets, pulses and oil seeds are grown. Agriculture is mostly monsoon-dependent. “The wells, springs and "ahars" are the only traditional  sources of irrigation. The average land holding per household is 1.65 Ha. The per capita agriculture land is around 0.28 Ha. Net irrigated area is 13.4% of net sown area”. Bauxite. Bauxite is the raw material from which aluminium is produced. Lohardaga district has large reserves of world class bauxite across Pakhar, Hisari, Rudhali Pat, Khamar Pat and the mining area also extends to neighbouring districts. The district has approval of mining of approximately 11 lakh tones of bauxite mineral in a year. Hindalco Industries Ltd has 7 mining leases out of 9 active mines in Lohardaga district which supplies  bauxite to Hindalco’s aluminium plants at Muri and Renukoot.A ropeway connecting Bagru mines and Lohardaga has been a popular tourist attraction. Backward Regions Grant Fund. Lohardaga district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand. Education. Kairo CD block had 1 village with pre-primary school, 26 villages with primary schools, 13 villages with  middle schools, 2 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, all villages had educational facility. Healthcare. Kairo CD block had 1 village with primary health centre, 10 villages with primary health subcentres,1 village with allopathic hospital, 2 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital. References.