Gadira petraula
Gadira petraula is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is classified as "At Risk, Naturally Uncommon" by the Department of Conservation. The 2010 and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes destroyed much of the habitat of this species. Taxonomy. This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1882 using specimens he collected on the Lyttleton Hills and named "Scenoploca petraula". In 1883 Meyrick gave a much more detailed description of the species. George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species under that same name in his 1928 publication "The Butterflies and  Moths of New Zealand". In 1973 David Edward Gaskin placed this species within the genus "Gadira". The lectotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London. Description. Meyrick described the larvae of this species as follows: Hudson described the adult moths of the species as follows: The adults of this species are very similar to that of "Gadira leucophthalma" however "G. petraula" is slightly smaller and their forewing dorsum has a grey and black pattern in contrast to the more whitish grey in "G. leucophthalma." Another distinguishing feature is that the female of "G. petraula" is short winged. Distribution . This species is endemic to New Zealand. This species is only known from Mid Canterbury. The record of this species from Stephens Island is as a result of a misidentification and the record from Australia likely results from Meyrick gifting one of his New Zealand specimens to an Australian collector. Biology and behaviour. The adult female of this species is flightless. The males have been recorded on the wing in March. Adults have also been found mid October to up to December depending on the altitude of the habitat in which the moths live. It has been hypothesised that there  are likely a succession of generations of the moth within a calendar year. Host species and habitat. The larvae of "G. petraula" feed on moss or lichens growing on volcanic rocks. They live in crevices, creating a shelter of silk from which they emerge to feed. This species preferred habitat is coastal, montane, and low alpine rocky sites. Conservation Status. This species has been classified as having the "At Risk, Naturally Uncommon" conservation status under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. Both the habitat and type locality of this species is at risk due to urbanisation. The 2010-2011 Christchurch  earthquakes destroyed or damaged much of this species habitat. Another threat is the cleaning of rock faces by rock climbers.