Georgia Gibbs
Georgia Gibbs (born Frieda Lipschitz, August 17, 1918December 9, 2006) was an American popular singer and vocal entertainer rooted in jazz. Already singing publicly in her early teens, Gibbs first achieved acclaim (and notoriety) in the mid-1950s interpreting songs originating with the black rhythm and blues community and later as a featured vocalist on a long list of radio and television variety and comedy programs. Her key attribute was tremendous versatility and an uncommon stylistic range from melancholy ballad to uptempo swinging jazz and rock and roll. Early life. Gibbs was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, the youngest of  four children of Russian Jewish descent. Her father died when she was six months old, and she and her three siblings spent the next seven years in a local Jewish orphanage. Revealing a natural talent for singing at a young age, Frieda was given the lead in the orphanage's yearly variety show. When her mother, who had visited her every other month, found employment as a midwife, she came back for Frieda, but her job often forced her to leave her daughter for weeks at a time with only a Philco radio for company. Career. While still in Worcester  at age 13, Frieda auditioned for a job at the Plymouth Theatre, one of the prime vaudeville houses in Boston. The Plymouth's manager had already heard her sing on the local Worcester radio station, and Gibbs was hired and moved to Boston, eventually landing at the Raymor Ballroom. She joined the Hudson-DeLange Orchestra in 1936 (age 17), and toured with them for 10 months as Fredda Gibson. "You don't really know loneliness unless you do a year or two with a one-night band", Gibbs said of her life on the big-band circuit, "Sing until about  2 a.m. Get in a bus and drive 400 miles. Stop in the night for the greasy hamburger. Arrive in a town. Try to sleep. Get up and eat." She found steady work on radio shows including "Your Hit Parade", "Melody Puzzles", and "The Tim And Irene Show" and freelanced in the late 1930s and early 1940s singing with the bands of Tommy Dorsey, Hal Kemp, Artie Shaw, and Frankie Trumbauer. While a "Billboard" article reports that her first time on disk was with Trumbauer's orchestra ("The Laziest Gal in Town" on Brunswick Records), liner notes from a 1998  Simitar compilation report her appearance on some of DeLange's recordings on Brunswick, and a recording exists with Hal Kemp from 1939. She first charted with Shaw's band in 1942 on "Absent Minded Moon" (Victor 27779), which received a lukewarm review at the time. In 1943, with her name changed to Georgia Gibbs, she began appearing on the "Camel Caravan" radio program, hosted by Jimmy Durante and Garry Moore, where she remained a regular performer until 1947. It was Moore who bestowed upon her the famous nickname "Her Nibs, Miss Georgia Gibbs," ironically using the title to describe the  singer of diminutive stature who had an enormous "authoritative" prominence in American pop music. Gibbs signed with Majestic Records in 1946 cutting multiple records, but her first solo hit single, "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake" (on the Coral label) did not come until 1950. During this period she also was the featured vocalist on tours with comedians Danny Kaye and Sid Caesar. Success as a singer outside of radio and variety shows continued to elude her, as noted in a 1952 "Time" article: Through 1949 and 1950 she appeared on TV shows "Cavalcade  of Stars" and "All Star Revue". In 1951 she signed with Mercury Records where she ultimately had success "sticking with plain Georgia Gibbs". Possessed of a versatile voice, she cut a long list of well-received records in every category from torch songs to rock-and-roll, jazz, swing, old fashioned ballads and cha-chas. The most successful, 1952's "Kiss Of Fire", which she performed on "The Milton Berle Show" in that spring, reached No. 1 on the pop music charts. "Kiss of Fire" was adapted from the Argentinian tango "El Choclo" and the lyrics, arrangement and delivery communicate  passion on a Wagnerian scale. Sultry and throbbing, with a touch of vibrato, Gibbs's voice is best showcased on romantic ballads and torch songs like "My Melancholy Baby", "I'll Be Seeing You", "Autumn Leaves", and "You Keep Coming Back Like a Song". Yet she could also belt out steaming jazz numbers like "Red Hot Mama", "A-Razz-A-Ma-Tazz"; jive with tunes like "Ol Man Mose", "Shoo Shoo Baby"; or rock out with "I Want You to Be My Baby". Her "Swingin' With Her Nibs" album (1956) demonstrated her natural affinity for improvisation as well. In 1957 , Gibbs signed with RCA Victor going on to chart with over 40 songs before retirement from singing, and was briefly successful doing rock 'n' roll songs as well. Her Mercury record "Silent Lips" was a big hit in Sweden (September 1958-March 1959) peaking at number 5 in the best selling charts, and there were even several Swedish cover versions of that song, "Ingenting" by among others Towa Carson, Lill-Babs and Britt Rylander. Also "The Hula Hoop Song" did well in Sweden (February–March 1959) peaking at number 12. She continued to appear on many television shows including "The  Ed Sullivan Show", and hosted one of her own, "Georgia Gibbs and her Million Record Show". She cut her final album "Call Me", in 1966 and rarely performed after that. Some notoriety followed Gibbs for her cover versions of music popularized by black performers, such as Etta James's "The Wallflower" (recorded by Gibbs with modified lyrics under the title "Dance With Me Henry", released March 26, 1955) and LaVern Baker's "Tweedle Dee" (which outsold Baker's version, prompting complaint from her). Decades later, Gibbs commented that she, like most artists of the day, had no say in their  choice of material and arrangements. A widely told story has LaVern Baker taking out a life insurance policy on herself in advance of a flight to Australia and naming Georgia Gibbs as the beneficiary. "You need this more than I do," Baker is said to have written to Gibbs, "because if anything happens to me, you're out of business." Personal life. In 1970 she married foreign correspondent and author Frank Gervasi, biographer of Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin, and whose books include "To Whom Palestine?", "The Case for Israel", "The Real Rockefeller" and "The Violent Decade". They had first  met in Paris in the 1930s, but lost touch with one another for 12 years. The marriage lasted until his death in 1990; they had one child who predeceased Georgia. Georgia Gibbs died of leukemia on December 9, 2006, aged 88, at New York's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Survivors included grandson Sacha Gervasi (from her husband's previous marriage), her brother Robert Gibson and nieces Patty Turk, Jody (Babydoll) Gibson, and Jody's sister Amy. Gibbs' last interview, conducted by Greg Adams, was subsequently published online. Legacy. Interest in Gibbs' work has enjoyed a revival with the re -issue on CD of long unavailable material. In her 2006 book, "Great Pretenders: My Strange Love Affair With 50s Pop Music", "Newsweek" music critic Karen Schoemer wrote: "What really turned me around, though, were her R&B covers... Georgia was the rare fifties canary with a genuine flair for rock and roll... by the time I was through listening... I had a healthy new respect for Georgia, and a sense of indignation over her neglect by critics."