Charles Cozens Spencer
Charles Cozens Spencer (12 February 1874 – c. September 1930) was a British-born film exhibitor and producer, who was a significant figure in the early years of the Australian film industry. He produced films under the name Spencer's Pictures and was an early backer of the films of Raymond Longford. He was also instrumental in the creation of "The Combine". Biography. Spencer was born in Hunston, Sussex, the third son of Cornelius Cosens, farmer, and his wife Ellen. In 1892 he emigrated to British Columbia, Canada, with his brother Arthur in order to look for gold . He did a variety of jobs then in 1894 formed a company of providers with his brother Sidney at Fairview and Camp McKinney. In 1898 he was a clerk at Vernon. He began screening motions pictures and met and married Mart Stuart Huntly who became his chief projectionist and business partner. Australia. Spencer first arrived in Australia in 1905. He opened the Great American Theatrescope at the Lyceum Theatre in Sydney, which became a permanent picture theatre in June 1908. He made a fortune exhibiting "The Great Train Robbery" in Australia and soon became the leading exhibitor in the country . He moved into production, establishing a permanent production unit under Ernest Higgins in 1908. Initially focused on documentary shorts and newsreels, he moved into funding dramatic feature films, starting with "The Life and Adventures of John Vane, the Notorious Australian Bushranger" (1910). He was an early supporter of director Raymond Longford who directed "The Fatal Wedding" (1911) for Spencer. The success of this film enabled him to set up a £10,000 studio complex in Rushcutter's Bay, Sydney, where Longford made his next couple of features. In 1911, Spencer had established a company, Spencer's Pictures Ltd with a  nominal capital of £150,000. He went overseas for 12 months; while overseas, the board of Spencer's voted to merge with Wests Ltd and Amalgamated Pictures resulting in the "combine" of Australasian Films and Union Theatres. By 1912, he was the largest importer of films in Australia and helped popularise the medium in that country. Several of his films were released in the US by Sawyers Pictures; they were given new titles such as "The Convict Hero", "The Bushranger's Bride", "Nell Gwynne", "The Bandit Terrors of Australia," and "The Queen of the Smugglers". After the box office failure  of "The Shepherd of the Southern Cross" (1914), however, Spencer was unable to persuade the Combine to invest in drama production, and stepped back his involvement in the local industry. In 1918, the Spencers were sued by the Combine for an alleged breach of contract. They settled out of court (by allowing their interests to be purchased) and left Australia. Death. Spencer returned with his wife to Canada, where he bought several ranches in British Columbia in Chilcotin County. The stresses of his financial losses in the depression, however, affected his mental stability (in particular, he began being troubled by  an image of the devil's face visible in the grain of a wooden wall). On 10 September 1930, he was unpacking a truck full of groceries at one of his ranches along with his foreman, Walter Stoddart, and a grocer, Edward Smith. Spencer, probably delusional and paranoid, grabbed a gun and shot Smith in the back and then Stoddart, before fleeing. Smith died of his wounds; Stoddart managed to drive away and was rescued. Spencer went missing in the aftermath of the shooting; eventually, on 29 October 1930, his body was found in a lake, where he had drowned  himself. He left behind an estate worth $346,059.