Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin
Don Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin was the last "tlatoani" ("king") of the Nahua "altepetl" of Tenochtitlan, as well as its governor ("gobernador") under the colonial Spanish system of government. The previous ruler Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin having died in 1562, Nanacacipactzin was installed on September 30, 1563, and ruled until his death on December 27, 1565. His rule was dominated by disputes with the Spanish colonial government over tribute payments. In January 1564, the viceroyalty passed a law requiring the Tenochca to pay 14,000 pesos in annual tribute, as well as a large payment  in corn. Nanacacipactzin resisted this demand, and faced a number of Spanish-backed lawsuits as a result, even being arrested for three days in September 1564 for failing to secure agreement to the new payments. His mental and physical health declined as a result, and this likely contributed to his death in December 1565. With Nanacacipactzin's death, the rule of Tenochtitlan by dynastic "tlatoque" (plural of "tlatoani") came to an end. As governor, he was succeeded in 1568 by Francisco Jiménez, who was a native of Tecamachalco rather than Tenochtitlan. His Nahuatl name, "Nanacacipactli" (or "Nanacacipactzin" in the honorific  form), literally means "mushroom alligator". It appears his birth name was simply "Cipactli" "alligator", and the "mushroom" element was added as a nickname, possibly due to a perception that he was ineffective in resisting Spanish tribute demands.