Kaimei Maru
Kaimei Maru was a Japanese troop transport ship operated by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II which was sunk off Honshu on 4 September 1942 by the American submarine . The ship was a British WWI Type B military cargo ship built by the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company. Construction and commissioning. "Kaimei Maru", then known as British ship "War Bomber" was ordered by London's Shipping Controller and was built at the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock. It was launched in Hong Kong on 1 August 1919 from Yard No. 563. "War Bomber" was configured  as a British WWI Type B Standard cargo ship although its specifications were larger in scale than standard for ships of this class. Indeed, "War Bomber" was the largest ship built to date at any Hong Kong dockyard with a length of , a width of and a depth of . "War Bomber" displaced 5,226 tons with a record deadweight tonnage of 8,000 tons. The launch was attended by Sir Catchick Paul Chater, then Director of the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company and by Sir Claud Severn, the acting Governor of Hong Kong. Later in October 1919, the Hong Kong and  Whampoa Dock Company would also launch "War Bomber"s sister ship, "War Trooper". Belgian service. During the vessel's tenure as a Belgian ship, she was called "Pioneer". "Pioneer" was purchased by of Antwerp where she continued service for a decade until she was transferred to Compagnie Maritime Belge, also of Antwerp, which had acquired Belgian shipowner Lloyd Royal Belge in 1930. "Pioneer" continued her Belgian service for another decade before being sold to Panamanian shipowner Agencia Maritima Carmar in 1939 where she was renamed as "Carmar". Panamanian service. In 1939, "Kaimei Maru", then known as "Carmar", was purchased by the  Agencia Maritima Carmar Ltda. of Panama. In 1941, "Carmar" was sold to Kaiyo Kisen K. K. of Kobe, Japan. Japanese service. On 13 November 1941, "Kaimei Maru" was requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Army for service as a troop transport. Invasion of the Philippines. "Kaimei Maru" was assigned to Army group 262, which supported the 14th Army troops, comprising elements of the 16th Division and 48th Division taking part in the Invasion of the Philippines. During the invasion, "Kaimei Maru" was one of around 20 Japanese army transports ferrying roughly 7,000 troops under the command of Count Hisaichi Terauchi, Lt . General Masaharu Homma and Maj. General Susumu Morioka for the campaign's operations around Lamon Bay, Luzon in December 1941. The invasion fleet was supported by elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) including the IJN Southern Force under Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondō, IJN Philippines Invasion Group under Vice Admiral Ibō Takahashi and specialist forces of the Philippines Invasion Unit, 1st Base Force HQ under Rear Admiral Kyuji Kubo in command of . The Japanese invasion fleet departed from Koniya, Amami Oshima at 1500 on 17 December 1941 consisting of the transport ships "Kaimei Maru", , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . The IJN escort fleet consisted  of the light cruiser "Nagara", the heavy cruiser , destroyers , , , , , , minelayers and , minesweepers "No. W-7" and "No. W-8", subchasers and and auxiliary gunboats , , and and auxiliary netlayer "Fukuei Maru No. 15". The fleet arrived at Lamon Bay at 02:00 on 24 December 1941 and the landings were relatively uncontested. Convoy duties. On 26 January 1942, "Kaimei Maru" departed Tsingtao heading south in a convoy together with "Durban Maru", , "Kayo Maru", "Kofuku Maru", "Lisbon Maru", "Nichiren Maru", "Shinsei Maru" and . The convoy was escorted by the destroyer , and minelayer . The convoy arrived safely at the Taichow Islands on 30 January 1942. On  2 February 1942, "Kaimei Maru" departed Mako in a convoy to Haiphong, Vichy Indochina together with "Durban Maru", "Fuji Maru", "Kayo Maru", "Kofuku Maru", "Lisbon Maru", "Shinsei Maru" and "Ume Maru". The convoy was escorted by torpedo boat . While the convoy was exiting the harbor, "Lisbon Maru" struck a Japanese defensive mine resulting in the loss of 19 hands. "Lisbon Maru" was towed to a nearby island and beached. Later in 1942, "Kaimei Maru" was sold to Tochigi Shoji K.K. of Wakamatsu-ku. Sinking. In early September 1942, "Kaimei Maru" departed Nagoya for Karafuto Prefecture via Otaru to pick up  coal in a convoy together with and . On 4 September 1942, United States Navy submarine , on her first patrol, attacked "Kaimei Maru"s convoy at Kuji Bay off the northeastern coast of Honshu. At 16:40, the American submarine fired a torpedo which impacted the hold of "Kaimei Maru". "Kaimei Maru" sank at 17:20 with the loss of ten crew at . During the action, "Guardfish" also sank the cargo ship "Tenryu Maru" and the freighter "Chita Maru". At the time of her sinking, "Kaimei Maru" was still owned by Tochigi Shoji KK of Wakamatsu-ku.