Km (hieroglyph)
The Egyptian hieroglyph for "black" (𓆎) in Gardiner's sign list is numbered I6. Its phonetic value is . The "Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache" ('Dictionary of the Egyptian Language') lists no less than 24 different terms of km indicating 'black' such as black stone, metal, wood, hair, eyes, and animals, and in one instance applied to a person's name. The most common explanation for the hieroglyph is under the Gardiner's Sign List, section I for "amphibious animals, reptiles, etc" is a crocodile skin with spines. Rossini and Schumann-Antelme propose that the "crocodile skin" hieroglyph actually shows  claws coming out of the hide. Besides 'black', the alternate use of the hieroglyph is for items terminating, coming-to-an-end, items of completion, hence a reference to charcoal, burning to its ending. Section::::"km.t". The last three of four entries ending the 27 entries deal with black stones, or powders and black plants, or seeds; (all small multiple, plural, grains-of, items). They are preceded by entries 21 and 22, a "buckler", or "shield", and "black wood". Entry 26 is an "image", or "statue", using the vertical mummy hieroglyph gardiner A53, ("in the form of", "the custom of"). These  last six entries are unreferenced. The first 4 of 5 entries, kam, kam-t, or kamkam all deal with items coming to an end. (Entry four is untranslated and is from Pap. 3024, Lepsius, "Denkmaler"-(papyrus).) The references for the others in the first five are: Peasant, "Die Klagen des Bauern", 1908., Thes.-("Thesaurus Inscriptionum Aegyptiacarum", Brugsch);. A. Z.-(twice); "Shipwreck.", 118-("Tale of the shipwrecked sailor"); Amen.-(author: Amen-em-apt); and Thes. (again). Entries 6 to 20 deal with "black" or gods, or named items. Only 8 of these items reference black, but start by also referring to Coptic. Entries 6, 7, and  8 refer to coptic "KAME", for 6 and 8; entry 7 to coptic "KMOM", "KMEM". For entry 7, "to be black", Budge also references Revue-(Rev.); for entry 8, black items, Budge also references T.-(King Teta); and N.-(Pepi II-(King Nefer-ka-Ra). The other hieroglyph word entries of entry 9 to 20, have about fifteen further references, all starting with the km hieroglyph. On the other hand, the works of Budge have not held up well in terms of recent hieroglyph scholarship since the 1930s. Even during Budge's own lifetime, many Egyptological scholars disputed Budge's interpretation of glyphs and  texts. Today, no modern Egyptological scholar relies upon the works of E. A. W. Budge as evidence of proper glyph rendering, by either his translation or transliteration (his transliteration system was unique to Budge alone as most Egyptologists then (and today) relied upon the transcription and transliteration system developed by the Berlin School which issued the master compendium of Egyptian hieroglyphic language in 1926, "Wörterbuch der Aegyptischen Sprache" (7 Vols.), and which is detailed in the publication by A. H. Gardiner, "Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs" (1957)). As such, references to Budge's dictionary and  within Budge's dictionary are considered highly suspect by most Egyptologists today, as they do not actually relate back to the terms as he defined them. Shield. "Shield", ikm and another word with an approximate "km" cognate, " 'khm" starting with the vowel ( ' ), 'khm, meaning "to put to an end" are the possible words related to the origins of the crocodile skin, and the 'verb of action', of items coming to an end. The second word " 'khm" has nine entries in the Budge dictionary, shield, "ikam", has two entries.