Umqondo, ehlongozwayo ngu Descartes, "Ngicabanga, ngalokho ngiphakamisile khona" (e imisindo yokuqala like Cogito ERGO isamba), - isitatimende okwakukhona kuqala walizwakalisa kudala, emuva ekhulwini le-17. Namuhla kubhekwa isitatimende zefilosofi, kwakha isici esiyinhloko ukucabanga ngezikhathi zanamuhla, ngokunembe kakhudlwana, rationalism Western. Ukuvunyelwa aye wasigcina udumo esikhathini esizayo. Namuhla, inkulumo ethi "ukucabanga, ngakho-ke khona" azi yanoma yimuphi umuntu ofundile.
Descartes isihambile lesi sahlulelo njengoba ukunemba kweqiniso kokuqala, okuyinto akunakungatshazwa, futhi kungakho ezingasetshenziswa ukwakha "ekwakheni" ulwazi lwangempela. Lokhu impikiswano akufanele kuthathwe njengoba ifomu ebanjwayo "ecabanga lowo ukhona, ngiyacabanga, ngakho mina zikhona." Ingqikithi ke, ngokuphambene nalokho, e samodostovernosti, kuwubufakazi bokuba khona njengoba isihloko ukucabanga: noma isiphi isenzo umcabango (futhi ebanzi - isipiliyoni ukwazi, ukumelwa, ngoba ukucabanga akugcini le cogito) kuthola ukuzivocavoca, ecabanga nge shazi lembhali. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa isenzo ukwazi samoobnaruzhenie isihloko: Ngacabanga futhi babona ukucabanga ngalesi ukucabanga, ngokwami, wema emuva okuqukethwe kwalo futhi izenzo.
Inketho Cogito ERGO isamba ( «acabange, ngakho-ke khona") emsebenzini obaluleke kakhulu Descartes alisetshenziswa, nakuba kumagama lokhu ngephutha esetshenziswa njengephuzu lokuphikisa kukhulunywa umsebenzi e 1641. Descartes esesabela ngalokho ababevame ngaphambili emsebenzini ekwakhiweni ivumela sihluke umongo lapho awusebenzisa lezo zizathu zakhe, incazelo. Ukufuna ukuba ubalekele udala usesimweni nikhuluma incazelo eqondile njengoba wawusho ngokubona ngokushesha iqiniso, kuyabonakala, umlobi "Ngicabanga, ngalokho ngiphakamisile khona" kususa ingxenye yokuqala yomusho ngenhla, futhi ushiya kuphela "nginguNkulunkulu" ( "nginguNkulunkulu" ). Uyabhala (Reflections II), ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma sithi "mina besele ngikhona", "nginguNkulunkulu", noma ziqondakala ingqondo, ukwahlulela ke kuyoba yiqiniso ngekucindzetelwa.
Ifomu evamile yokukhuluma, cogito Ego, ERGO isamba (ukuhumusha - "Ngicabanga, ngalokho ngiphakamisile khona"), okushiwo ngalo manje, sethemba ukuthi waqonda, kubonakala ngokuthi ingxabano 1644, enesihloko esithi "Izimiso of Philosophy". Kulotshiwe ngu Descartes ngesiLatini. Nokho, lokhu akulona ulimi kuphela imibono "ukucabanga, ngakho-ke, asikho." Babekhona nabanye.
Kwandulelwe Descartes, u-Augustine
Descartes hhayi kuphela ukuza agumenti "Ngicabanga, ngalokho ngiphakamisile khona." Owathi amazwi afanayo? Impendulo. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba lesi sazi ukucabanga kanjalo kuphakamisa imibuzo ezihlongozwayo ngu lahlangana eSt Augustine empikiswaneni yakhe ne abagxeki. Kungatholakala kubhalwe encwadini sefilosofi ngokuthi "uMuzi kaNkulunkulu" (11 sencwadi, 26). Lamagama umsindo ngakho: Si fallor, isamba ( «Uma ngenze iphutha, khona-ke, ngakho-ke ngingubani?").
Umehluko phakathi kwemicabango Descartes no-Augustine
Nokho, Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi Descartes no-Augustine, kuyinto imiphumela, inhloso nesimongcondvo agumenti "Ngakho cabanga khona".
Augustine iqala umqondo wakhe nge egomela ukuthi abantu abafuna ku umphefumulo wakho, baqaphele ngomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu kubo, njengoba nathi sikhonela yena, esikwaziyo, futhi sithanda ulwazi kwethu konke. Lo mbono zefilosofi sifana okuthiwa mithathu ubunjalo bukaNkulunkulu. Augustine ithuthukisa umqondo wakhe, ethi akesabi yikuphi ukuphikisana ngamaqiniso ngaphezulu ingxenye izifundiswa ahlukahlukene ngubani ungase ubuze, "Kuthiwani uma ulala" sazi bangathi ngenxa yalesi sizathu-ke likhona. Ngoba akanakukhohliswa ngumuntu alikho.
Ufuna sibe nekukholwa umphefumulo wakhe, u-Augustine e ukusetshenziswa kwalesi agumenti ozayo kuNkulunkulu. Descartes ibukeka ongabazayo kuziwa ukwazi, kuncike, izidakamizwa ukucabanga, okuyinto imfuneko eyisisekelo iyona distinctiveness nokucacisa. Lokho cogito lokuqala pacifies, nokuguqula konke kuNkulunkulu. Okwesibili - problematize konke okunye. Ngoba, ngemva attained iqiniso wempilo wakhe wobuntu, kufanele ubheke ekunqotshweni ngokoqobo, ezahlukene kusukela "Mina" uhlale ezama kuleli cala kuze bokuhluka nokucacisa.
Descartes yena waveza umehluko phakathi agumenti yayo siqu futhi izwi Augustine impendulo yakhe Andreas Colva.
Hindu parallel "ukucabanga, ngalokho ngiphakamisile khona"
Owathi ukuthi imicabango enjalo nemibono babe nobuntu kuphela rationalism Western? EMpumalanga, futhi wafika esiphethweni esifanayo. Ngokusho S. V Lobanova, Russian Indology Descartes lo mbono ungaphakathi ifilosofi Indian elilodwa-migomo enzulu amasistimu monistic - Sankara sika Advaita Vedanta and Kashmir Shaivism, noma i-para-Advaita, ummeleli edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa Abhinavagupta. Usosayensi ukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kugomela lufakwa phambili njengoba ukuthembeka eyinhloko azungeze okuyinto ukwakha ulwazi, okuyinto yena, libalulekile.
Ukubaluleka kwalesi sitatimende
Amazwi "Ngicabanga Ngakho-ke, akekho" fanele Descartes. Ngemva kwakhe, zefilosofi kakhulu wanika imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulwazi kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi bangabenzi abalamacala kuye ukuzicinga ke. Lesi sitatimende enza ukuqaphela kwethu ithembeke ngaphezu nokuthi abalutho. Futhi, ikakhulukazi, ingcondvo yakhe kithi eyiqiniso ezingaphezu kuka ukucabanga zabanye. Ngo iyiphi ifilosofi kuqalile ngu Descartes ( "ukucabanga, ngakho-ke khona") ikhona bavame ukuba subjective futhi ndaba ukuze acutshungulwe njengendlela into eyodwa ukuthi ingaziwa a. Uma kungenzeka ukwenza usebenzisa okukhiphayo lokho kakade eyaziwa kithi mayelana nemvelo kwengqondo.
Lokhu usosayensi kwekhulu le-17, igama elithi "ecabanga" ngenkathi ngokuphelele kuphela zihlanganisa nokuthi esikhathini esizayo kuyoba ongqondongqondo njengoba unembeza. Kodwa emkhathizwe zefilosofi kubonakala isihloko theory esizayo. Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho ukucaciswa Descartes bayazi esenzweni umelwe litshwayo ukucabanga.
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