Nagybánya artists' colony
The Nagybánya artists' colony was an art colony in Nagybánya, a town in eastern Hungary that became Baia Mare in Romania after World War I. The colony started as a summer retreat for artists, mainly painters from Simon Hollósy's "szabadiskola" (Free School) in Munich. The original group focused on plein-air painting. It was Hollósy's idea to have a summer school in a small town. Fellow artsts Károly Ferenczy, Béla Iványi-Grünwald, István Réti and János Thorma were involved with the founding of the artists' colony. The colony attracted many artists from Hungary interested in  learning the plein-air style taught by Hollósy in the bright atmosphere of Nagybánya. The colony held its first exhibition in 1897 at the "Műcsarnok" It was well received by some critics as reflecting the new style of European painting, and ridiculed by other critics. Through the course of its existence the teachers and students worked in the emerging modern styles such as Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, and Symbolism. Some styles were adopted and some rejected, along with the allegiance of various artists. Hollósy influence at the colony was overtaken by the style of Károly Ferenczy. Hollósy departed around 1901 to  open another school in Técső, Kingdom of Hungary (now western Ukraine). The colony in Nagybánya continued under the administration of the four remaining founders and renamed the "Ingyenes festőiskola" (Free Painting School). In 1910 founder Grünwald left to run the "Kecskemét Artist's Colony" in Kecskemét, Hungary. In the 1910s attendance at Nagybánya continued but lagged due to World War I and the difficulty of travel. In 1927, the school was handed over to a new generation of painters and renamed "Szépművészeti Iskola" (School of Fine Arts). In 1935 the school property and colony was taken over by the town  as part of the rise of the fascist Iron Guard. In 1937 the group dissolved. The property was used as a barracks for a time and attempts to revive the property as an art school were unsuccessful. In 1966 the Hungarian National Gallery had retrospective titled "The Art of Nagybánya. Centennial Exhibition in Celebration of the Artists' Colony in Nagybánya."