Batavier Line
The Batavier Line () was a packet service between Rotterdam and London from 1830 until the 1960s. The line was established by the "Nederlandsche Stoomboot Maatschappij" (known as NSM and in English as Netherlands Steamship Company). History. Having attempted unsuccessfully to establish services between Rotterdam–Hamburg and Antwerp–London, the company turned its attention to Rotterdam–London and became the first regular foreign-owned company to set up such a service into London Port. The original boat on the service was the wooden paddle steamer "De Batavier" (built 1829). She was replaced by an iron-hulled paddle steamer named  Batavier in 1855, and this ship was replaced by another iron-hulled steamer in 1872. In 1895, NSM sold the company to Wm. H. Müller and Co. and a condition of sale was that the Batavier name would be maintained as the company name and the naming scheme for its ships. Müller ordered two new steel-hulled steamers from Gourlay Brothers of Dundee in 1897, and . When this pair joined the fleet, the prior "Batavier" was renamed "Batavier I". In Rotterdam, the ships docked at the Willemsplein; in London, the ships originally docked near London Bridge, but in 1899 switched  to Custom House and Wool Quays near Tower Bridge (now known as Sugar Quay). Also beginning in 1899, the Batavier Line service between Rotterdam and London was offered daily except Sundays. In 1902 a further pair of ship was ordered from Gourlay, and , and when "Batavier VI" was added in 1903, "Batavier I" was taken out of service. In 1909 "Batavier II" and "Batavier III" were rebuilt to a size more closely aligned with the later ships. During the early stages of World War I, the line continued service, but the ships were sometime subjected to being stopped by German  submarines. In March 1915, "Batavier V" was stopped and seized as a prize by German submarine , but later released by the German prize court. In May 1916, "Batavier V" struck a mine off the British coast and was sunk with the loss of four lives. In September, "Batavier II" was seized by , but later released; she was sunk in 1917 by the British submarine . In June 1922 the London terminal was changed to "Batavier Pier" in Gravesend. After World War I ended, new and were added to the line, but during World War II, the newer "Batavier V" was seized  by German forces and later sunk by a British motor torpedo boat. A newer "Batavier III", added in 1939 to replace the 1902 ship of the same name, was also seized by the Germans and later mined. After the end of the war, only the 1921 "Batavier II" remained in service for the line and continued passenger service until April 1958 ending the 128 year service. Several freighters were added in the late 1950s and a freight service was continued for a time after passenger service ended.