Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
Ouranopithecus macedoniensis is a prehistoric species of "Ouranopithecus" from the Late Miocene of Greece. See more detail at "Ouranopithecus". This species is known from three localities in Northern Greece. The type location is Ravin de la Pluie. The other localities are Chalkidiki and Xirochori. It is known from a large collection of cranial fossils and few postcranial. The material has been dated to the late Miocene 9.6 – 8.7 million years old, so slightly earlier than "O. turkae". To some this suggests "O. turkae" is the direct descendant of "O. macedoniensis", although it is generally accepted that they are  sister taxa. Etymology. The specific epithet "macedoniensis" is due to the holotype fossil's discovery location in Macedonia, Greece. Habitat. Examination of dental remains of "O. macedoniensis" and associated bovid species indicate a habitat of low tree cover and a rich herbaceous layer. Morphology. "O. macedoniensis" had a large, broad face with a prominent supraorbital torus. It also had square-shaped orbits. "O. macedoniensis" may have had a relatively large body size. The postcranial evidence is thin, but the dentition of "O. macedoniensis" suggests extreme sexual dimorphism, a far higher degree than that seen in any extant great ape. The  ape was probably a quadruped. It is not possible to postulate on how "O. macedoniensis" used the trees but it seems likely that it did. "O. macedoniensis"'s molar enamel cover was fairly thick and had low cusps. The male "O. macedoniensis" had large canine teeth with shearing lower premolars. Diet. Based on the heavily pitted surface of the second molar of "Ouranopithecus macedoniensis", it is assumed that its diet consisted of harder foods such as nuts or tubers. Behaviour. Behaviour is very difficult to infer in species with such a small diversity of fossil remains. The large body size  may have made climbing difficult in some aspects so it may have been a terrestrial forager but this is speculation within the literature.