Living Water
Living water ( ; , ) is a biblical term which appears in both the Old and New Testaments. In and , the prophet describes God as "the spring of living water", who has been forsaken by his chosen people Israel. Later, the prophet Zechariah described Jerusalem as a source of "living water", "half [flowing] east to the Dead Sea and half of it west to the Mediterranean Sea, in summer and in winter" (). The Pulpit Commentary notes that the city of Jerusalem "was, as we know, abundantly supplied with water by many conduits and subterranean channels; but standing, as it does, surrounded  by hills higher than itself, it is physically impossible that the waters could literally flow as stated. The description is symbolical…" However, this does not take into the account the various topological changes prophesied in the previous verses, such as : "On that day His feet shall stand on the Mount of Olives that lies before Jerusalem on the east, and the Mount of Olives shall be split in two from east to west by a very wide valley, so that one half of the Mount shall move northward, and the other half southward." In John's Gospel, the phrase is  attributed to Jesus speaking with the Samaritan woman whom he meets at Jacob's Well in Sychar: In Gnosticism. In the Sethian Gnostic text "Zostrianos", the Living Water is personified with the name Yesseus Mazareus Yessedekeus. In Mandaeism, "living water" (fresh, natural, flowing water, called "mia hayyi") is a requirement for baptism (masbuta), therefore can only take place in rivers called "yardna".