Akademik Shokalskiy
MV "Akademik Shokalskiy" () is an "Akademik Shuleykin"-class ice-strengthened ship, built in Finland in 1982 and originally used for oceanographic research. In 1998 she was fully refurbished to serve as a research ship for Arctic and Antarctic work; she is used also for expedition cruising. She is named after the Russian oceanographer Yuly Shokalsky. For two weeks from 25 December 2013 "Akademik Shokalskiy" was trapped in thick ice in Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica, while operating an expedition for the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 2013–2014. The scientists and passengers were evacuated on 2 January. Use as cruise ship. The ship has  two passenger decks, with dining rooms, a bar, a library, and a sauna, and accommodates 54 passengers. She is owned by the Russian Federation's Far Eastern Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Vladivostok and was previously chartered to Aurora Expeditions, an Australian expedition cruise line. It is currently operated by Chimu Adventures an Australian Tour operator departing from Hobart to East Antarctica. In 2011, "Akademik Shokalskiy" sailed cruises along the coast of Russia, including the Northeast Passage, and to East Antarctica. Icebound in Antarctica. In 2013 "Akademik Shokalskiy" was chartered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 2013–2014 to celebrate the centenary of the  previous expedition under Douglas Mawson, and to repeat his scientific observations. The expedition had nine scientific goals related to observations, mapping, and measurements of environmental, biological, and marine changes associated with climate change. On 8 December 2013 the ship, with 74 people on board — four journalists, 19 scientists, 26 tourists, the expedition leader's wife and two children, and 22 crew members — sailed from Bluff in New Zealand to Antarctica. Around 07:20 AEDT on 25 December 2013, the ship broadcast a distress message after becoming trapped in heavy ice a few miles from the coast of Antarctica, east of the  French base Dumont D'Urville and approximately south of Hobart. Chinese icebreaking research vessel "Xuě Lóng", French research vessel "L'Astrolabe" and Australian icebreaker "Aurora Australis" were dispatched by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority to assist with the rescue operation of "Akademik Shokalskiy". "Xuě Lóng", which arrived first, was prevented by thick sea ice from coming closer than about from "Akademik Shokalskiy". However it remained in open water nearby as it carried a helicopter, which ultimately was deployed later for the rescue operation. "L'Astrolabe" also turned back after encountering heavy ice. "Aurora Australis", arriving two days later, abandoned its attempt about from  the stranded ship, as the ice was too thick to be broken and because of the risk of also becoming trapped in the ice. On 2 January 2014, "Akademik Shokalskiy"s 52 passengers were evacuated to "Aurora Australis" by "Xuě Lóng"s helicopter, which transferred them between temporary ice helipads alongside each vessel. The original plan was to helicopter the passengers to "Xuě Lóng", then transfer them to "Aurora Australis" by boat, but the Chinese icebreaker had become trapped by ice. After the rescue, "Aurora Australis" continued on her original mission to resupply Casey Station, before returning to Hobart on 22 January . The 22 "Akademik Shokalskiy" crew were required by their employment contracts to stay aboard until the ship could be freed. On 4 January 2014, the American heavy icebreaker "Polar Star" was dispatched from Sydney, Australia to assist "Akademik Shokalskiy" and "Xuě Lóng" at the request of Australian authorities. However, on 8 January the Australian Maritime Safety Authority confirmed that both vessels had broken free and were proceeding to open water, and later the same day "Polar Star" was released to scheduled duties. On 14 January "Akademik Shokalskiy" returned to the port of Bluff. Environmental writer Andrew Revkin criticized the scientists  on board "Akademik Shokalskiy", stating that "important and costly field research in Antarctica has been seriously disrupted" by an "unessential" mission. He also commended an article by Professor Michael Robinson of University of Hartford, which noted that the expedition aimed to use Mawson's observations as a baseline for their own scientific findings "that will illuminate Antarctica's future, not its past. As such, the voyage will prove to be well worth the time and effort."