Chapel Allerton
Chapel Allerton is an inner suburb of north-east Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, from the city centre. It sits within the Chapel Allerton ward of Leeds City Council and had a population of 18,206 and 23,536 at the 2001 and 2011 census respectively. The area was also listed in the 2018 "Sunday Times" report on Best Places to Live in northern England. Location. The region within the Chapel Allerton ward generally considered to be Chapel Allerton is bounded by Potternewton Lane to the south, Scott Hall Road to the west and Gledhow Valley Road to the north-east . Surrounding districts include Moortown, Meanwood, Roundhay, Gledhow, Chapeltown and Harehills. Chapel Allerton is on Harrogate Road, which, before the building of the A61 Scott Hall Road, was the main road from Leeds to Harrogate. The centre in terms of activity is Stainbeck Corner, at the junction of Stainbeck Lane, Harrogate Road and Town Street, which is also the key place on 19th century maps of the village. Name. The name "Chapel Allerton" is first attested in the Domesday Book simply as "Alreton" and similarly spelled variants. It probably comes from Old English "alor" 'alder' (in its genitive plural form "alra ) and tūn" 'estate, farm', thus meaning 'Alder farm'. The "Chapel" part of the name refers to a chapel associated with Kirkstall Abbey. This building was demolished in the eighteenth century; the site remains between Harrogate Road and Church Lane. Already in 1240 a charter referred to land "which lies between the road which goes to the Chapel of Allerton and the bounds of Stainbeck", but the name "Chapel Alreton" is first attested in the fourteenth century, coined to distinguish the place from the many other places called "Allerton", such as the nearby Allerton Gledhow and Moor Allerton. The name "Chapel  Allerton" was reduced to "Chapeltown" (first attested in 1427), and from this time both names co-existed and were essentially interchangeable. Ralph Thoresby, writing in 1715, records "Chapel-Town" as a common name for the township of Chapel Allerton, describing it as "well situated in pure Air, upon a pleasant Ascent, which affords a Prospect of the Country ten or twelve miles". The open space to its east and north of "Potter-Newton" was "a delicate Green commonly call'd "Chapel-Town Moor"". History. In medieval times, the area was mostly small farms, but by the end of the 17th century , it had become a resort or second home for wealthy people from Leeds and in 1767 was described as the Montpellier of Yorkshire by one visitor. Chapel Allerton was incorporated into Leeds administrative area in 1869, as a civil parish. However, in 1900 it was still a village, isolated from Leeds and neighbouring Meanwood and Moortown by fields, which were gradually filled in with housing and new roads in the 20th century. Architecture. A large part of Chapel Allerton is a conservation area for the character and historical interest of its buildings, noted for a diversity of good quality domestic  buildings from various periods. The historic core is around Stainbeck Corner, particularly around Town Street and Well Lane, with 8 Listed buildings. To the south and west of this is an area of grand detached houses with large gardens dating from the 18th and early 19th century. The earlier buildings are of fine-grained sandstone derived from the quarries which were once on Stainbeck Lane. These include a number of small 19th century two-storey houses as well as grander buildings. After 1890 brick terraced and back-to-back houses were built, but of better quality than workers' housing elsewhere  in Leeds, as they were intended for artisans and the lower middle class. The advent of the electric tram in 1901 made the area more accessible and further housing began to fill in empty spaces though this was of varied types. It finally lost its village character in the 1920s and it joined the Leeds urban area. Thus the area between King George Avenue and Montreal Avenue was filled in between 1920 and 1939 with bungalows and stucco-faced houses typical of Leeds of the time. In Riviera Gardens, white rendered houses were built in the Modernistic style. After the  Second World War further building and rebuilding continued, mostly unremarkable, though with a few examples of good modern design. The area was once home to an art deco cinema, the Dominion. Opened in 1934 and lasting only until 1967 when it operated as a bingo hall until the later part of the 1990, the cinema stood on Montreal Avenue. The residential street 'Dominion Close' is close to its former site. Houses. Allerton Hall was situated between Wensley Drive and Stainbeck Lane. In 1755 it was purchased by Josiah Oates, a merchant and an ancestor of Captain Laurence Edward Oates who  perished in a blizzard at the age of 32 on the Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic led by Robert Falcon Scott in 1912. A brass plaque commemorates him in Leeds Parish Church. Most of the 60 bed mansion has since been demolished. The remaining parts of Allerton Hall is a grade II listed building. In the 1950s, the building was used by Twentieth Century Fox for the distribution of films across the North of England. Gledhow Mount Mansion is situated at the top of Roxholme Grove and is a Grade II Listed early 19th Century country house, with well  preserved interior. It was built by architect John Clark for Leeds industrialist John Hives, who also built nearby Gledhow Grove Mansion. Clough House on Stainbeck Lane was converted to the Mustard Pot pub in 1979. It may date to 1653, and thus one of the oldest inhabited houses in Leeds, though most of the structure is from 1700 onwards. On Wood Lane are Gothic style villas in sandstone dating from the second half of the 19th century for the middle classes. Methley Place is an example of late 19th century terraces for the artisan class. The Hawthorns are a set  of terraces built in the early 1900s in an unusual Manorial style. Public buildings. On Stainbeck Corner are a pair of linked buildings, originally constructed as a police station and a fire station in 1900, now a restaurant and public library. They are a grade II listed building. The style is dressed sandstone with ashlar details. The main corner doorway is flanked by Tuscan columns supporting a segmental pedimented hood containing a cartouche, and above this is a moulded and painted coat of arms of Leeds. The Harrogate Road doorways are Tudor-arched with rectangular fanlights. There is a bell  turret and a clock. In 1904 the fire station was converted to a public library, with some amendments to the frontage style. The interior features tiled walls with 'LPL' on them, a mosaic floor in the entrance hall, stained glass in doors and ionic columns. Further down Harrogate Road in the direction of Leeds is a brick and sandstone building bearing the sign "Leeds Board School 1878". This is still a school, Chapel Allerton Primary School. It is on the site of the Chapeltown Moor gallows. Inns. The public house the "Nag's Head" opened in 1772 as the Bay  Horse Inn, a coaching inn, and according to local legend the original innkeepers were in league with 18th century highwaymen. The Regent was completed in the first half of the 19th century, and its exterior is little changed from that time. What is now called the Three Hulats was previously the Mexborough Arms. (The hulats are owls, of which there are three on the arms of the Earl of Mexborough) The present building dates from 1911, replacing a 19th-century Mexborough Arms, a terminus for the horse tram service from Leeds, itself replacing the 17th century Bowling Green Tavern. The  Mustard Pot was converted from a house built in 1653 into a pub in 1979 (see 'Houses' section above). Churches. The area is home to a gothic stone church, St Matthew's Church, built in 1900, the architect being George Frederick Bodley. It replaced the old church set in the churchyard on Harrogate Road. By 1935 the old church had become so unsafe it was demolished. Russian Orthodox church services also take place there. A Methodist church was built in 1877 on Town Street. It was replaced in 1983 by a smaller Methodist church and shops facing onto Harrogate Road . The Methodist Sunday School opposite, built in 1878, survives as a community centre. In January 2005, Chapel Allerton Methodist Church signed a local ecumenical covenant with St. Matthew's Church. Grace Gospel Church also uses the Methodist Church for weekly services. Originally a congregation planted from Moortown Baptist Church, Chapel Allerton Baptist Church became an independent church in 2002. The church currently meets in the Methodist Centre, having previously met on Sundays at Potternewton Centre, off Scott Hall Road, and in Chapel Allerton Primary School. Amenities. The area has an established local centre, which is situated around the junction of  Stainbeck Lane and Harrogate Road. This consists of a Co-op supermarket, several restaurants as well as many pubs and bars. There is a large Caffe Nero. More recently, a Starbucks has also been added in the former Yorkshire Bank building. There are also Lidl and Aldi stores on Harrogate Road. Many cafés, bars and restaurants utilise pavement space creating a pavement café culture in the area. As of late 2021, this is being significantly improved by closing the Northern half of the Stainbeck Lane & Harrogate Road junction to create a public plaza. Some of the shops are chains, such  as Greggs and Caffe Nero. There are however a significant number of thriving independent businesses, such as Crust & Crumb, Opposite, House of Koko, Deliziosa, Hern, Pinche Pinche, and many more. Chapel Allerton has two arts centres: Inkwell Arts on Potternewton Lane and Seven Arts on Harrogate Road. Both provide concerts and community events and performances. The Chapel Allerton Arts Festival is held the week following August Bank Holiday each year, based around Regent Street. It attracts thousands of people, assisted by volunteers from the local community. The festival offers community stalls, food and drink, arts events and a music stage  that features local bands on Friday and Saturday and jazz, salsa and blues on Sunday. Sport. Chapel Allerton Lawn Tennis and Squash Club is at the back of the square, behind the Mustard Pot pub. Chapel Allerton Running Club has been established since 1992. Members compete in a range of individual and team road, cross-country and fell races. There is also an annual club championship. Transport. The Leeds Tramway once ran through Chapel Allerton, but was dismantled in 1959. Chapel Allerton was also once on the main road to Harrogate but the building of the A61 Scott Hall Road  effectively bypassed Chapel Allerton, along with Chapeltown and Moortown. First Leeds provide the main bus service in Chapel Allerton, the 'Red Line', (No. 2, 3 and 3A). Other routes in the area include 48 to Leeds or Wigton Moor and 91 to Halton Moor or Pudsey part of the 'Leeds Overground' network of buses. The 'Red Line' links Chapel Allerton with Roundhay, Gledhow, Moortown, Chapeltown, Leeds city centre, Hunslet, Beeston, Middleton and the White Rose Centre. Harrogate Bus Company also run route 36 route through Chapel Allerton, linking it with Leeds city centre (central bus station), Moortown, Alwoodley, Harewood, Pannal , Harrogate, Killinghall, Ripley and Ripon. The nearest railway station to Chapel Allerton is Headingley, from where services run to Leeds, Burley, Horsforth, Starbeck, Knaresborough, Cattal, Kirk Hammerton, Poppleton and York. Hospital. Chapel Allerton Hospital is an NHS hospital which includes the Chapel Allerton Orthopaedic Centre. It was established in 1926 in the building and grounds of Gledhow Grove mansion, a Grade II listed building which has now been converted to housing. The hospital now occupies buildings which were opened in 1994, across Harehills Lane from its original site.