Oodaaq
Oodaaq or Oodap Qeqertaa is a bank of gravel and silt northeast of Greenland that has been considered by some to be the most northerly point of land on Earth, though a number of other places have also been given that title since its discovery. It may have been created by the impact of an iceberg in a shallow sea. However, the area of ice in which it appears does not move from year to year. If it was created by an iceberg, then it must have happened long ago. Location. Oodaaq lies at 83° 40′ North and  30° 40′ West, only south of the North Pole and north of Kaffeklubben Island, lying near the northeast tip of Greenland. When discovered it measured a mere . History. It was discovered in 1978 when a Danish survey team led by Uffe Petersen landed a helicopter on Kaffeklubben Island to confirm that it did indeed lie further north than the tip of Greenland. Having confirmed the fact, a member of the team spotted a dark spot northeast of Kaffeklubben Island. The survey team landed on the island in a helicopter and later named it Oodaaq after the Inuk who accompanied  Robert Peary on his journey to the North Pole. Debate. Gravel banks such as this are generally considered not to qualify for the title of world's most northerly point of land as they are rarely permanent. In fact several subsequent expeditions have claimed that Oodaaq has now disappeared beneath the ocean. A number of other locations have since been called the northernmost point. In July 2021, scientists visited what they thought was Oodaaq, later discovering they had actually landed on a previously unknown island north-west of Oodaaq. The island measures approximately , with a maximum elevation of around . The  scientists proposed the island be called "Qeqertaq Avannarleq", Greenlandic for "the northernmost island". Rene Forsberg, head of geodynamics at the National Space Institute in Denmark, said Qeqertaq Avannarleq "meets the criteria of an island", though he noted that "these small islands come and go". In July 2001, the Return to the Top of the World Expedition came to the conclusion that the previously-discovered island and permanent land feature ATOW1996 was the northernmost point of land on earth. In July 1998, Peter Skafte photographed, during an aerial reconnaissance, a small island farther north than any previously observed. During July 2003 , Peter Skafte, Mara Boland and Dennis Schmitt, plus three other people walked out over the melting sea ice to the new island. It is located about north of Kaffeklubben Island, at about 83°42'N. Snow and ice had melted to reveal a bank of rocks and sand at a height of about . Later Ken Zerbst failed to locate the island in 2008 while using a helicopter. There are several possible explanations for the failure to locate the island in 2008. In late 2004, the Eighth Edition of the National Geographic World Atlas was released. It clearly shows Oodaaq as  the northernmost landmass on Earth. In August 2005 and 2006, Peter Skafte, Allen Deforest (satellite engineer), and Paul Lommen (physicist) conducted a search for new islands north of Greenland, using high-resolution satellite images. Two sets of images were obtained, one year apart, to determine if any of the new islands had moved. One island was in diameter and visible on a satellite image, even without magnification. The team named it "Skafte Island" and posted it on a website. They also sent two reports about their findings to Hauge Anderson at the Danish Polar Center, one in 2005 and another  in 2006. Dennis Schmitt was shown an image of "Skafte Island" before his departure with a group of people to North Greenland in 2007. He visited the island and made the claim that he had discovered a new northernmost island.