Perplexus
Perplexus is a 3-D ball-in-a-maze puzzle or labyrinth game enclosed in a transparent plastic sphere. By twisting and turning the sphere, players attempt to maneuver a small steel ball through an intricate maze composed of a number of steps (varying in each puzzle) along narrow plastic tracks. The number of steps ranges from 30 in the Perplexus Twist to 225 in the Perplexus 3x3 Rubik's cube Hybrid. Some of the steps involve dropping the ball into a cup or through a small rim to take advantage of its three-dimensional nature. There are obstacles  of varying difficulty that must be navigated in order to reach the end. Perplexus LLC is the manufacturer and a wholly owned subsidiary of Spin Master Ltd (since 2017). History. Perplexus was co-invented by teacher and magician Michael McGinnis and toy inventors Brian Clemens and Dan Klitsner of San Francisco-based KID Group—known for the invention of the games Bop It, HyperDash, and other titles. McGinnis first sketched ideas for three-dimensional labyrinths in the late 1970s. Years later, he showed sketches and rough prototypes to Clemens and Klitsner (1999). After a year of collaboration and many prototypes , they perfected the toy's gameplay so that it was easy enough for a young child to start, yet challenging for any age due to its many levels. Versions. There are currently twenty-four versions of Perplexus: Original (re branded as Beast in 2019), Rookie (re branded as Rebel also in 2019), Epic, Twist, World's Smallest Twist, World's Coolest Micro Plex Teeter, World's Coolest Micro Plex Spiral, World's Coolest Micro Plex Cascading Cups, Warp, World's Smallest Original, Twisted, Q-Bot, Star Wars Death Star, Mini Spiral, Mini Cascading Cups, Harry Potter Prophecy (a recolour of  the Rookie/Rebel design), Light Speed, Drakko, Go! Spiral, Go! Stairs, Sidewinder, Revolution Runner (has a motor with 4 settings and a button to start/stop the turning depending on which setting), 2x2 Rubik's Cube Hybrid, and 3x3 Rubik's cube Hybrid (only rotates on one axis). These Perplexus balls can also be colored differently, such as in the Yellow Rookie. Superplexus. In 2001, a version of the Perplexus Ball, called Superplexus, was launched with limited availability. This version has an electronic timer.