Two-step floating catchment area method
The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is a method for combining a number of related types of information into a single, immediately meaningful, index that allows comparisons to be made across different locations. Its importance lies in the improvement over considering the individual sources of information separately, where none on its own provides an adequate summary. Background. The two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is a special case of a gravity model of spatial interaction that was developed to measure spatial accessibility to primary care physicians. 2SFCA can also be used  to measure other accessibility such as accessibility to jobs, to cancer care facilities, etc. It was inspired by the spatial decomposition idea first proposed by Radke and Mu (2000). The 2SFCA method not only has most of the advantages of a gravity model, but is also intuitive to interpret, as it uses essentially a special form of physician-to-population ratio. It is easy to implement in a GIS environment. In essence, the 2SFCA method measures spatial accessibility as a ratio of primary-care physicians to population, combining two steps: It has been recently enhanced by considering distance decay within  catchments and called the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. Furthermore, the use of capping certain services according to nearby population size, can improve the accuracy when analyzing across areas of different environments (i.e. rural and urban). The method has been applied to other related public health issues, such as access to healthy food retailers.