Marconi Express
The Marconi Express is a monorail line in Bologna, Italy. At in length, it links Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport to Bologna Centrale railway station, with an intermediate station and depot at Lazzaretto and a travel time of 7 minutes and 20 seconds. The monorail trains have been provided by Intamin Transportation. The three trainsets are each capable of carrying up to 48 passengers. The coordinated design of the infrastructure was carried out by the engineering companies MATE Engineering and STS of Bologna, while the architectural design is by Massimo Iosa Ghini. Building works have been completed in 2018  and the line was scheduled to start operating on 7 March 2020. However, the date of inauguration was subsequently postponed. The line is open to public service since 18 November 2020. However, soon after its inauguration, the service started suffering significant disruptions, culminating with its suspension between November 2021 and February 2022, with surreptitious substitution via normal buses, despite oblivious customers paying the full fare for a service they never received. As of February 2022, the issues persists, and normal buses are still integrating the service. The 3 current trainsets operating on Marconi Express allow for a maximum transport capacity  of 576 passengers per hour per direction on the line. The current design of the infrastructure allow for up to 4 trainsets to operate on the line at the same time. Route. The system consists of an elevated monorail, supported by 125 pre-made concrete pylons, 5,2 to 18 meters high, 35–40 meters apart from each other. The monorail overpasses Autostrada A14 and Tangenziale di Bologna with a 90–100 meters-long, single-span bridge. It also overpasses the Reno river and the Padua–Bologna railway, while it overpasses the high speed railway link from the Padua-Bologna railway to Bologna 's underground high speed railway station. The route starts from Bologna Centrale railway station, where the former platforms 12-15 were located, next to via dei Carracci; after 5.095 km it reaches the opposite terminus, at Bologna Guglielmo Marconi Airport. The total travel time is about 7 minutes and 20 seconds, while the former Aerobus shuttle bus required 18–23 minutes. The intermediate station of Lazzaretto is double tracked, allowing cars traveling to opposite directions to cross each other. The Lazzaretto station also acts as a warehouse-workshop and centralized command post. In the immediate vicinities of such station, there are  the Trenitalia Regional Directorate for Emilia-Romagna and the "Deposito Locomotive Bologna Centrale", one of the two railway maintenance depots in Bologna, alongside Bologna Ravone. Contrary to the other Italian people movers, which are cableways (horizontal funicular), the one in Bologna is powered by a 750 V direct current (converters are supplied by the multinational ABB); this is the same voltage as trolleybuses in Bologna, as well as the projected trams in Bologna. Stations. The three stations (Aeroporto, Lazzaretto and Bologna Centrale) are equipped with lifts and escalators. The access route has no steps, and the route from Bologna Centrale  station to the Marconi airport terminal is fully sheltered. All three stations are protected by entrance and exit turnstiles. There are automatic ticket machines in the stations. It is also possible to open the turnstiles directly by contactless card (Pay & Go mode): the system charges the correct rate based on the entrance and exit turnstiles, allowing passengers to automatically take advantage of the return rate if the return journey takes place within 30 days, or the reduced rate if only traveling on the Bologna Centrale to Lazzaretto stretch. Service. The service runs daily from 5:40 to midnight. Trains run every  15 minutes, or every 7:30 minutes at peak times. In case of any service interruption or scheduled maintenance of the infrastructure, TPER operates a bus replacement service from Bologna Centrale railway station to the airport calling at Lazzaretto. The buses used for this service are those previously used for the BLQ route and currently used on route 945, and are recognizable due to them adopting the "MEX" code. Trainsets. The Marconi Express trainsets are bidirectional and consist of two separate wagons each. Each shuttle can carry up to 48 passengers and can reach a top speed of 70 km/h.  In the first weeks of operation of the Marconi Express, due to regulations linked to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, the capacity of each trainset has been reduced to 50%, providing for a capacity of 24 passengers per trainset (12 passengers per wagon). Trainsets are equipped with onboard monitors and offer free WiFi all along the route.