Ranoidea (genus)
Ranoidea is a genus of frogs in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. They are found in Australia, New Guinea, and two nearby groups of islands: the Maluku Islands, and the Louisiade Archipelago. The circumscription of this taxon is still controversial. Taxonomy. Species in this genus were until recently placed in the then-paraphyletic genus "Litoria"; many of them had been placed in even larger "Hyla" before. However, in 2016 Duellman and colleagues split "Litoria" into several genera. The systematic and taxonomic conclusions based on Duellman "et al." should be treated with caution, because 78.9% of individuals (397/503) used in the  concatenated analyses had less than half of the gene sequences available for the 19 genes used. Missing data can be problematic in phylogenetic analyses (e.g.) and lead to erroneous conclusions about systematic relationships. Additionally, there is no mention of checking for base-composition bias amongst taxa (non-stationarity), which can also lead to incorrect tree phylogenies (e.g.). The species now in "Ranoidea" were placed in the genus "Dryopsophus". However, the oldest available name for these species is "Ranoidea". These changes are not yet widely recognized or accepted, and the AmphibiaWeb continues to recognize "Litoria" in the older, broad sense. The  AmphibiaWeb also recognizes "Cyclorana", a position that, without additional amendments, renders "Ranoidea" paraphyletic; it may be treated as a subgenus. Some controversy also surrounds whether the subfamily Pelodryadinae is part of the family Pelodryadidae, as suggested by Duellman and colleagues and recognized in the Amphibian Species of the World, or part of the family Hylidae, as recognized in the AmphibiaWeb. Description and ecology. The pupil is horizontally elliptical, and the palpebral membrane is unpigmented. Many species have tadpoles that develop in mountain streams and have enlarged ventral mouths. However, ""Cyclorana"" are adapted to standing and often temporary bodies of water . Species. The following species are recognised in the genus "Ranoidea": Although currently listed as "incertae sedis", it is expected that ""Ranoidea papua"" will also be included in the genus once its range has been properly delimited.