Interconnector
An interconnector (also known as a DC Tie in the USA) is a structure which enables electricity to flow between electrical grids. An electrical interconnector allows electricity to flow between separate AC networks, or to link synchronous grids. They can be formed of submarine power cables or underground power cables or overhead power lines. The longest interconnection as of 2016 was the undersea NorNed link between Norway and the Netherlands, spanning nearly 600 km and delivering 700 MW of high voltage direct current power. Economy. Interconnectors allow the trading of electricity between territories. For example, the East–West Interconnector  allows the trading of electricity between the UK and Ireland. A territory which generates more energy than it requires for its own activities can therefore sell surplus energy to a neighbouring territory. Interconnectors also provide increased resilience. Within the European Union there is a movement towards a single market for energy, which makes interconnectors viable. As such, the Nordic and Baltic energy exchange Nord Pool Spot rely on multiple interconnectors. The fullest possible implementation of this is the proposed European super grid which would include numerous interconnectors between national networks. Interconnectors are used to increase the security of the energy  supply and to manage peak demand. They enable cross-border access to the producers and consumers of electricity, thus increasing the competition in energy markets. They also help integrate more electricity generated from renewable sources, thus reducing the use of fossil fuel power plants and CO2 emissions. Interconnectors aid adaptation to changing demand patterns such as the uptake of electric vehicles. Infrastructure. Interconnectors may run across a land border or connect two land areas separated by water.