Greg Tate
Gregory Stephen Tate (October 14, 1957December 7, 2021) was an American writer, musician, and producer. A long-time critic for "The Village Voice", Tate focused particularly on African-American music and culture, helping to establish hip-hop as a genre worthy of music criticism. "Flyboy in the Buttermilk: Essays on Contemporary America" (1992) collected 40 of his works for the "Voice" and he published a sequel, "Flyboy 2", in 2016. A musician himself, he was a founding member of the Black Rock Coalition and the leader of Burnt Sugar. Early life and education. Gregory Stephen Tate was born  on October 14, 1957, in Dayton, Ohio. When he was 13 years old, his family moved to Washington, D.C. His parents Charles and Florence (Grinner) Tate were civil rights movement activists involved in the Congress of Racial Equality, and played Malcolm X speeches and Nina Simone's music around the house. Tate credited Amiri Baraka's "Black Music" and "Rolling Stone", which he first read when he was 14, with stimulating his interest in collecting and writing about music. As a teenager, Tate taught himself how to play guitar. He attended Howard University, where he studied journalism and film. Career . Early career and music. In 1981, following an introduction by family friend Thulani Davis, "The Village Voice" critic Robert Christgau asked Tate to contribute to the "Voice." The following year Tate moved to New York City, where he developed friendships with other musicians, including James "Blood" Ulmer and Vernon Reid. In 1985, he co-founded the Black Rock Coalition (BRC) with some of the African-American musicians he knew who had a common interest in playing rock music, writing in a manifesto that the group "opposes those racist and reactionary forces within the American music industry which undermine and purloin  our musical legacy and deny Black artists the expressive freedom and economic rewards that our Caucasian counterparts enjoy as a matter of course". In 1999, Tate established Burnt Sugar, an improvisational ensemble that varies in size between 13 and 35 musicians and blended a range of genres including funk, free jazz, and psychedelic rock. Tate, who played guitar and conducted the group, described it in 2004 as "a band I wanted to hear but could not find". Writing. Though initially a freelancer, Tate quickly became the leading critic on Black culture for the "Voice" and in that position, one of  the leading cultural critics in New York City. He became a staff writer for "The Village Voice" in 1987, a position he held until 2003. He developed a reputation for "slangy erudition", Hua Hsu wrote: "His best paragraphs throbbed like a party and chattered like a salon; they were stylishly jam-packed with names and reference points that shouldn't have got along but did, a trans-everything collision of pop stars, filmmakers, subterranean graffiti artists, Ivory Tower theorists, and Tate's personal buddies, who often came across as the wisest of the bunch." Tate's 1986 essay "Cult-Nats  Meet Freaky Deke" for the "Voice Literary Supplement" is widely regarded as a milestone in black cultural criticism; in the essay, he juxtaposed the "somewhat stultified stereotype of the black intellectual as one who operates from a narrow-minded, essentialized notion of black culture" (cultural nationalists, or Cult-Nats) with the freaky "many vibrant colors and dynamics of African American life and art", trying to find a middle ground in order to break down "that bastion of white supremacist thinking, the Western art [and literary] world[s]". His work was also published in "The New York Times", "The Washington Post", "Artforum , DownBeat", "Essence", "JazzTimes", "Rolling Stone", and "VIBE". At "Vibe" he became a columnist in 1992, titling his series "Black-Owned". "The Source" described Tate as one of "the Godfathers of hip hop journalism". A key contribution was his conceptualisation of hip-hop as existing on a continuum with jazz, claiming for the former the level of cultural respect and inquiry the latter commanded. In 1992, Tate published "Flyboy in the Buttermilk: Essays on Contemporary America", a collection of 40 essays on culture and politics, drawn from his writing for the "Village Voice". Writing for "Pitchfork", Allison Hussey said, "It became  a definitive work for Tate", treating subjects like Miles Davis, Public Enemy, and Jean Michel Basquiat. Jelani Cobb called the collection "a clinic on literary brilliance" with significant influence on other writers. This impact on subsequent generations of critics was one of Tate's major contributions, with Jon Caramanica writing that "he affected every writer I cared about and learned from — we're all Tate's children." Tate often had the admiration of the musicians he wrote about, like David Bowie and Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers; Flea cried in appreciation when Tate reviewed their 1999 album "Californication". In  2003, Tate published "Everything But the Burden: What White People Are Taking From Black Culture", an edited collection of 18 Black writers addressing the topic of white appropriation of Black art. The same year, he published "Midnight Lightning: Jimi Hendrix And The Black Experience", an appraisal of the rock legend as a Black icon. In 2016, Tate published "Flyboy 2". In "The New Yorker", Hua Hsu wrote that this follow-up to his first collection brought "into sharper focus" Tate's interest in what Tate described as "the way Black people 'think,' mentally, emotionally, physically", and "how those ways of  thinking and being inform our artistic choices." Later career. He was the Louis Armstrong Visiting Professor at Columbia University's Center for Jazz Studies in 2009 and a visiting professor of Africana studies at Brown University in 2012. In 2010, he was awarded a United States Artists fellowship. Personal life. Tate had a daughter, Chinara Tate, born circa 1979. In New York, he was a longtime resident of Harlem. Tate died on December 7, 2021, in New York City, at the age of 64. That night, the Apollo Theater in Harlem displayed his name on the marquee in remembrance, its  usual response for cultural icons.