Cianciana
Cianciana is a "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located in the middle valley of the Platani river, about south of Palermo and about northwest of Agrigento. The Monte Cammarata, elevation above sea level, part of the Monti Sicani chain, is nearby. Cianciana borders the following municipalities: Alessandria della Rocca, Bivona, Cattolica Eraclea, Ribera, Sant'Angelo Muxaro. History. The village is situated on the valley of the River Platani and is surrounded by the Sicani Mountains, and was originally inhabited the Cretans in the second millennium BC. Cianciana also was conquered by Greeks, Romans  and Arabs. According to local chronicles, a town known as "La Ferla" existed in the area in 1269. This was likely destroyed by an earthquake. Archaeological excavations have found traces of Roman temples and other constructions, including a "castle" called "Casaletto di Chincana", whence the name given to the area in the feudal era of the Kingdom of Sicily. Cianciana itself was founded on 4 October 1646 as Sant'Antonino di Cianciana, under the aegis of the Joppolo feudal family. In 1713 it had 2,303 inhabitants. The center grew in importance after the discovery of the rich sulfur mines of the  area, and the number of inhabitants reached 10,000. However, after the sulfur mine closed in the early 1960s, rapid emigration to England, France, Germany, the United States, Canada and other parts of the world reduced the population by more than half.