Paul Gilson
Paul Gilson (Brussels, 15 June 1865 – Brussels, 3 April 1942) was a Belgian musician and composer. Biography. Paul Gilson was born in Brussels. In 1866, his family moved to Ruisbroek in the Belgian province of Brabant. There he studied theory with the organist and choir director Auguste Cantillon, and began writing works for orchestra and choir. His first official training came from 1887–1889 under François-Auguste Gevaert in composition and under Charles Duyck in harmony and counterpoint at the Brussels Conservatory, and in 1889, he was awarded the Belgian "Prix de Rome" for a cantata, "Sinaï", which was  very well received. As the winner of the prize he was able to spend time in Bayreuth (1892), Paris (1893–4) and Italy (1895). A large orchestral work, "La mer", which was first performed in Brussels on 20 March 1892, established Gilson as a national musical figure and also gave him success abroad, though not in Paris. In 1899 he became professor of composition at the Brussels Conservatory; he won the same post at Antwerp in 1904 but quit both after becoming inspector of music education in 1909, a post he would keep until 1930. Although he was a very prolific  composer, his output decreased after 1905, after which Gilson wrote increasingly about music, in theory, criticism, and composition. In 1925, a group of Gilson's students who called themselves Les Synthétistes (including René Bernier, Francis de Bourguignon, Théo De Joncker, Marcel Poot, Maurice Schoemaker, Jules Strens and Robert Otlet) first formed, declaring allegiance to Gilson's ideas about music. Along with Poot and Schoemaker, he founded "La revue belge musicale" in 1924; he was the chief editor until it folded in 1939. He also wrote pamphlets for Belgian radio. Gilson corresponded regularly with Russian composers César Cui and Mitrofan Belyayev . He died in his native city of Brussels. Music. Gilson was somewhat conservative in his musical outlook. Some of his work is indebted to Wagnerian harmony, and his books on harmony and instrumentation also bear this out. "La Mer", the score which gave him his greatest success, is a set of four impressionistic movements ("symphonic sketches") in sonata form which were originally intended to illustrate verses by a French-speaking poet, Eddy Levis. Generally considered to form a programmatic symphony depicting the sea, Gilson's score (also known as "De Zee") predated Claude Debussy's work of the same name  by a decade. Despite being finely crafted, his later works such as the oratorio " Francesca da Rimini" tended to be somewhat conventional, lacking the originality displayed in the orchestration of "La Mer". An exception is the brilliant "Variations symphoniques" (originally scored for brass ensemble), which is also the composer's only major work without literary associations.