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Bed & Breakfast in Marbella Club Hotel, Golf Resort & Spa Issue 1, 2002 Lexikos - Volume 12,
Volume 18 (2008) Volume 17 (2007) Volume 16 (2006) Volume 15 (2005) Volume 14 (2004) Volume 13 (2003) Volume 12 (2002) Volume 11 (2001) Volume 10 (2000) Volume 9 (1999) Volume 8 (1998) Volume 7 (1997) Volume 6 (1996) Volume 5 (1995) Volume 4 (1994) Volume 3 (1993) Volume 2 (1992) Volume 1 (1991) Volume 12,
Lexikos 12, pp XIII –XVI (2002)
Met die 12de uitgawe van Lexikos en die Sewende Internasionale Konferensie van die African Association for Lexicography (AFRILEX) agter die rug kry die suksesverhaal van AFRILEX en Lexikos steeds meer gestalte. Bykans 100 lede en belangstellendes het die Konferensie in Grahamstad bygewoon en 40 voordragte is gelewer. Lexikos verwerf toenemend nasionaal en internasionaal bekendheid as &apos;n leksikografietydskrif van besonder hoë gehalte. AFRILEX tel eweneens onder die toonaangewende leksikografieverenigings in die wêreld.
Lexikos 12, pp IX –XII (2002)
Lexikos is deur die Buro van die WAT beplan as &apos;n internasionale leksikografiese tydskrif met sy hoofdoel die bevordering van die praktiese leksikografie van die tale wat in Afrika gebruik word. Dit wou egter ook internasionale rigtings in die metaleksikografie aantoon. Sedert Lexikos die lyfblad van AFRILEX geword het, is die oorspronklike beleid van Lexikos bevestig en verstewig. Dit is belangrik dat Lexikos nie net die kompleksiteit van die taalsituasie in Afrika weerspieël nie, maar ook die huidige belangstelling in die ontwikkeling en studie van die Afrikatale. In hierdie strewe speel die leksikografie &apos;n belangrike rol.
Loan words versus indigenous words in Northern Sotho - a lexicographic perspective : research article
Lexikos 12, pp 1 –20 (2002)
The aim of this article is to investigate, from a lexicographic perspective, the preferences of Northern Sotho mother-tongue speakers for loan words versus so-called &apos;traditional&apos; or &apos;original&apos; counterparts in the language. Results obtained from a survey conducted among 100 randomly selected mother-tongue speakers from different age and gender groups, backgrounds, places of residence, etc. will be analysed. It is shown that although the overwhelming preference of the respondents lies with the use of (more) indigenous words in comparison to loan words, lexicographers should be alerted to possible, even rapid, changes in this preference pattern. The results from the survey are compared throughout with frequency counts derived from a corpus as well as with current dictionary treatment.
Maadingwa ge a bapetwa le Mantu a Setlogo go Sesotho sa Leboa - Kgopolo ya Bangwalapukuntu
Maikemieto a taodiwana ye ke go nyakiia, go ya ka kgopolo ya bangwalapukuntu, ka fao baboledi ba Sesotho sa Leboa ba dirago kgetho ya mantu magareng ga maadingwa le mantu a setlogo polelong ye. Dipoelo te di hweditwego go twa go bakgathatema ba e lego baboledi ba Sesotho sa Leboa, banna le basadi, ba lekgolo (100) ba mengwaga ya go fapana, maemo a a fapanego a thuto, ba ba dulago mafelong ao a fapafapanego, bj.bj. di tla fetlekwa. Go ipontha gore le ge dipoelo ta nyakiio ye di laeta gore bonti bja bakgathatema bo kgetha go omia mantu a setlogo go ena le maadingwa, bangwadi ba dipukuntu ba swanete go phafowa mabapi le diphetogo te di ka bago gona pateroneng ya kgetho ya thomio ya mantu. Dipoelo ta nyakiio ye di bapetwa le ka moo mantu a twelelago kgafetakgafeta go twa khophaseng gammogo le ka fao dipukuntu te di etego di le gona di omiitego mantu ao ka gona.
The lemmatization of copulatives in Northern Sotho : research article
Lexikos 12, pp 21 –43 (2002)
Die lemmatisering van kopulatiewe in Noord-Sotho
Semi-automatic term extraction for the African languages, with special reference to Northern Sotho : research article
Lexikos 12, pp 44 –74 (2002)
Go nthwa ga mareo ka tirio ya seripa sa semothene malebana le maleme a Afrika, edi ye kgolo e lego Sesotho sa Leboa (Sepedi)
Go nthwa ga mareo ka tirio ya seripa sa semothene go twa ka gare ga dikhophase go thomile go ba setlwaedi go hlangweng ga mananeo a mareo, dipanka ta mareo goba dipukuntu mererong yeo e itego lefaseng ka bophara. Ge e le gore boramareo ba maleme a Afrika ba ikemiedite go tea madulo a bona mo mileneamong wo mofsa, ga ba swanela go hlokomela fela tsela ye, eupa ba swanete gape ke go ikemieta go diria theknoloti ye mphsa. Mo taodiwaneng ye go hlalowa gore mo nakong ye, tsela ye kaone ya go dira dilo te pedi te go boletwego ka tona ke go kgetha ditlhamolo ta thwii teo di diriago khomphutha (se se ra gore thomio ya khophase) le go omia ditlabakelo ta software (bj.k. WordSmith Tools) teo di lego gona gohle. Ka fao maikemieto a magolo ke go humana ge e ka ba go nthwa ga mareo ka seripa sa semothene go twa ka gare ga khophase yeo e se nago ditlaleleto teo di tseneletego ka maakaneng, ta go hlahla, go ka diriwa malemeng a Afrika goba aowa. Gore re kgone go araba potio ye, go hlaloitwe ka tsinkelo mohlala wa taba ya go nyakiiwa yeo e amanego le diteng ta thutapolelo ta Sesotho sa Leboa. Dipoelo teo di humanwego ka go diria khomphutha di bapetwa ka gohle le dipoelo teo di humanwego ge go diriwa kgetho ya mantu ka matsogo. edi e fiwa dikgopolo ta kgakologelo (recall) le nepagalo (precision); mekgwa yeo e fapafapanego e a akanywa gore e kgone go hlatholla mareo a lentu le tee ge a bapetwa le mareo a mantu a manti; gomme dikhumano teo di fapanego di akaretwa ka gare ga pukuntu ya Mareo a Thutapolelo yeo e tweletwago bjalo ka Mamatleto.
Worldwide, semi-automatically extracting terms from corpora is becoming the norm for the compilation of terminology lists, term banks or dictionaries for special purposes. If African language terminologists are willing to take their rightful place in the new millennium, they must not only take cognisance of this trend but also be ready to implement the new technology. In this article it is advocated that the best way to do the latter two at this stage, is to opt for computationally straightforward alternatives (i.e. use &apos;raw corpora&apos;) and to make use of widely available software tools (e.g. WordSmith Tools). The main aim is therefore to discover whether or not the semiautomatic extraction of terminology from untagged and unmarked running text by means of basic corpus query software is feasible for the African languages. In order to answer this question a fullblown case study revolving around Northern Sotho linguistic texts is discussed in great detail. The computational results are compared throughout with the outcome of a manual excerption, and vice versa. Attention is given to the concepts &apos;recall&apos; and &apos;precision&apos;; different approaches are suggested for the treatment of single-word terms versus multi-word terms; and the various findings are summarised in a Linguistics Terminology lexicon presented as an Appendix.
Les tons dans les dictionnaires de langues gabonaises : situation et perspectives : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 75 –89 (2002)
Tones in dictionaries of the Gabonese languages : state and perspectives
E-terminology : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 90 –104 (2002)
An advanced dictionary? Similarities and differences between Duramazwi ReChiShona and Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 105 –116 (2002)
&apos;n Gevorderde woordeboek? Ooreenkomste en verskille tussen Duramazwi ReChiShona en Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona
In hierdie artikel word &apos;n vergelykende ontleding van Duramazwi ReChiShona (DRC) en Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona (DGC) gemaak. Sowel die DRC en DGC is eentalige Sjonawoordeboeke, saamgestel deur &apos;n span navorsers by die African Languages Lexical (ALLEX) Project, tans die African Languages Research Institute (ALRI). Gedurende die samestellingsproses was DRC bekend as die Algemene Sjonawoordeboek en DGC as die Gevorderde Sjonawoordeboek. &apos;n Eenvoudige ontleding van hierdie titels toon dat die woordeboeke op sommige maniere eenders en op ander ook verskillend is. Die skrywer probeer die maniere aantoon waarop DGC beskou word as &apos;n meer gevorderde woordeboek wanneer dit met DRC vergelyk word. Alhoewel die argument van die artikel hoofsaaklik gebou is op daardie verskille wat DGC die gevorderdste maak, word ook aandag gegee aan die ooreenkomste tussen die woordeboeke.
In this article a comparative analysis of Duramazwi ReChiShona (DRC) and Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona (DGC) is made. Both DRC and DGC are monolingual Shona dictionaries compiled by a team of researchers under the African Languages Lexical (ALLEX) Project, now the African Languages Research Institute (ALRI). During the compilation process, DRC was known as the General Shona Dictionary and DGC as the Advanced Shona Dictionary. A simple analysis of these titles shows that the dictionaries are similar in some ways and also different in others. The writer tries to show the ways in which DGC is regarded as a more advanced dictionary when compared to DRC. Although the argument of the article is mainly built on those differences which make DGC the more advanced, attention is also paid to the similarities between the dictionaries.
&apos;n Praktiese benadering tot die samestelling van &apos;n tweerigtingvakwoordeboek met Afrikaans en Italiaans as taalpaar : contemplative article
F. De Foglio and
Lexikos 12, pp 117 –132 (2002)
A practical approach to the compilation of a bi-directional technical dictionary with Afrikaans and Italian as language pair
Niching as a macrostructural procedure : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 133 –158 (2002)
Nisting as &apos;n makrostrukturele prosedure
The Ndebele language corpus : a review of some factors influencing the content of the corpus : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 159 –170 (2002)
Die Ndebeletaalkorpus : &apos;n oorsig van sommige faktore wat die inhoud van die korpus beïnvloed
Die Ndebeletaalkorpus wat hier beskryf word, is dié saamgestel deur die ALLEX Project (tans ALRI) by die Universiteit van Zimbabwe. Dit is bedoel om soveel moontlik te weerspieël van die Ndebeletaal soos in Zimbabwe gepraat. Die Ndebeletaalkorpus is opgebou om veelbenodigde materiaal te verskaf vir die studie van die Ndebeletaal, met spesiale fokus op woordeboeksamestelling en navorsing. Soos die meeste korpora, kan die Ndebeletaalkorpus in die toekoms gebruik word vir ander doeleindes waaraan nie by tye van sy ontstaan gedink is nie. Dit is ontwerp om aan algemeen aanvaarde standaarde te voldoen sodat dit aanpasbaar kan wees vir verskillende moontlike gebruike deur verskillende navorsers. Die artikel wil die bouproses van die Ndebeletaalkorpus skets met spesiale klem op die uitdagings wat die samestellers ondervind het, en moontlike oplossings. Dit word aanvaar dat sommige van hierdie uitdagings nie eie aan Ndebele alleen mag wees nie, maar ook verwante Afrikatale in &apos;n min of meer soortgelyke situasie mag raak. Die hooffokus van die bespreking sal op die samestelling van die Ndebeletaalkorpus wees, d.w.s. die soort tekste wat die korpus uitmaak. Die korpus is saamgestel uit gepubliseerde tekste, ongepubliseerde tekste en mondelinge materiaal versamel in Ndebelesprekende distrikte van Zimbabwe. Daar sal geredeneer word dat die gebruik van die korpus en sy betroubaarheid vir navorsing op onder andere sy inhoud berus. Daar sal ook getoon word dat die inhoud van die korpus op &apos;n aantal faktore berus, sommige waarvan sosiolinguistiese, politieke en ekonomiese oorwegings insluit. Hierdie oorwegings het implikasies vir beide die inhoud en gehalte van gepubliseerde en mondelinge tekste wat die Ndebeletaalkorpus uitmaak.
The Ndebele language corpus described here is that compiled by the ALLEX Project (now ALRI) at the University of Zimbabwe. It is intended to reflect as much as possible the Ndebele language as spoken in Zimbabwe. The Ndebele language corpus was built in order to provide much-needed material for the study of the Ndebele language with a special focus on dictionarymaking and research. Like most corpora, the Ndebele language corpus may in future be used for other purposes not thought of at the time of its inception. It has been designed to meet generally acceptable standards so that it can be adaptable to various possible uses by various researchers. The article wants to outline the building process of the Ndebele language corpus with special emphasis on the challenges that faced compilers, and possible solutions. It is assumed that some of these challenges might not be peculiar to Ndebele alone but could also affect related African languages in a more or less similar situation. The main focus of the discussion will be the composition of the Ndebele language corpus, i.e. the type of texts that constitute the corpus. The corpus is composed of published texts, unpublished texts and oral material gathered from Ndebele-speaking districts of Zimbabwe. It will be argued that the use of the corpus and its reliability for research depends among other factors on its contents. It will also be shown that the contents of a corpus depend on a number of factors, some of which include sociolinguistic, political and economic considerations. These considerations have implications on both the content and quality of published and oral texts that constitute the Ndebele language corpus.
Business metaphors in a bilingual business lexicon : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 171 –180 (2002)
Sakemetafore in &apos;n tweetalige sakewoordeboek
Synopsis articles in the planning of a trilingual dictionary : Yilumbu-French-English : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 181 –200 (2002)
Articles synopsis dans la planification d&apos;un dictionnaire trilingue : yilumbu-français-anglais
Une distinction est souvent faite entre articles simples et articles synopsis. L&apos;article simple est encore connu sous la dénomination d&apos;article par défaut. Il ne dévie pas de l&apos;approche microstructurelle traditionnelle du dictionnaire parce qu&apos;il présente le minimum pour chaque lemme traité, alors qu&apos;un article synopsis offre des données additives pour chaque lemme traité. La conception classique d&apos;article synopsis est de Bergenholtz, Tarp et Wiegand (1999). De leur point de vue pour les articles synopsis qui ont été conçus pour des dictionnaires de langue de spécialité (LSP), des dispositions doivent être prises pour le traitement de signeslemmes fonctionnant comme termes superordonnés (lemmes généraux ou thèmes) ainsi que leurs hyponymes. L&apos;objectif de cet article est de présenter une approche lexicographique nouvelle pour l&apos;étude des articles synopsis avec en toile de fond un dictionnaire trilingue en proposition. Il sera montré que les articles synopsis ont un usage plus large que leur application limitée aux dictionnaires LSP. En effet, le centre d&apos;intérêt portera non pas sur le traitement des termes du vocabulaire technique ou scientifique mais plutôt sur des termes culturels. Cet article soulève également entre autres choses des interrogations quant à la visée du dictionnaire proposé, ses utilisateurs cibles, les différents types de microstructures ainsi que les différentes catégories de données à inclure pour chaque article synopsis.
The cause of urban slang and its effect on the development of the Northern Sotho lexicon : contemplaticve article
Lexikos 12, pp 201 –210 (2002)
Die oorsprong van stedelike sleng en die uitwerking daarvan op die ontwikkeling van die Noord-Sotholeksikon
Stedelike slengterminologie word tans wyd gebruik deur die meeste inheemse gemeenskappe wanneer hulle verskillende inheemse Suid-Afrikaanse tale praat. Dit is gewoonlik die geval met informele gesprekke waar die gebruikte tipe taal ook as informeel beskou word. Daar is baie gevalle waar slengterme, bewustelik of onbewustelik, gebruik word in die vorm van kodewisseling met die inheemse tale in formele spraak of informele gesprekke. Hierdie stedelike slengterme word as prestigeterme deur die meeste van die inheemse Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe, veral deur die jong generasie beskou. Net soos Engelse en Afrikaanse terminologieë wat groot invloed op die woordeskat van die inheemse tale gehad het, het stedelike slengterminologie &apos;n groot invloed op die daaglikse gebruik van die inheemse Suid-Afrikaanse tale. Ten spyte van hierdie druk het Noord-Sotho en ander inheemse Suid-Afrikaanse tale nie amptelik erkende leenwoorde wat van slengterminologie afgelei is nie. Dit is die gevolg van die feit dat die meeste taaloutoriteite nie hul standaardtale geassosieer wil hê met stedelike sleng nie, vanweë verskillende redes wat, onder andere, die konserwatiewe idee van die assosiasie van stedelike sleng met misdaad en jeugmisdaad insluit. Ten spyte van die negatiewe houdings van die meeste konserwatiewe taaloutoriteite wat die leenwoorde van stedelikeslengoorsprong beskou as "kontaminerend" vir die inheemse Suid-Afrikaanse tale (soos Noord-Sotho), word hierdie slengterminologie elke dag meer populêr en lyk dit of dit blywend is eerder as verwyderbaar uit die taal van die mense. &apos;n Aansienlike deel van die woordeskat van Noord-Sotho, byvoorbeeld, bestaan uit woorde wat beskou kan word as "leenwoorde" verkry uit stedelike sleng, alhoewel ons nog formeel weier om hulle as deel van die leksikon van offisiële Noord-Sotho te aanvaar.
Urban slang terminology is extensively used today by most indigenous communities when speaking various South African indigenous languages. This is usually the case with informal conversations where the type of language used is also regarded to be informal. There are many instances where slang terms are used, consciously or unconsciously, in the form of code-switching with the indigenous languages in formal speech or informal conversations. These urban slang terms are regarded by most of the South African indigenous communities as prestige terms, especially by the young generation. Just as English and Afrikaans terminologies which had tremendous influence on the vocabularies of the indigenous languages, urban slang terminology has great influence on the daily usage of the South African indigenous languages. Despite this pressure, Northern Sotho and other South African indigenous languages do not have officially recognized adoptives which are derived from slang terminology. This is due to the fact that most language authorities do not want to associate their standard languages with urban slang because of various reasons which include, inter alia, the conservative idea of associating urban slang with crime and juvenile delinquency. Despite the negative attitudes of most of the conservative language authorities who regard the loan words of urban slang origin to be "contaminating" the South African indigenous languages (such as Northern Sotho), this slang terminology is every day becoming more popular and seems to have come to stay rather than be removed from the language of the people. A considerable fraction of the vocabulary of Northern Sotho, for instance, is made up of words which can be regarded as "loan words" derived from urban slang, even though formally we are still refusing to accept them as part of the lexicon of official Northern Sotho.
Le corpus lexicographique dans les langues ä tradition orale : le cas du dialecte fang-meké : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 211 –226 (2002)
Logistiek : die oorsprong, konseptuele ontwikkeling en betekenis daarvan in hedendaagse gebruik : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 227 –238 (2002)
Logistics : its origin, conceptual evolution and meaning in contemporary usage
Equivalence in bilingual lexicography : criticism and suggestions : contemplative article
Lexikos 12, pp 239 –255 (2002)
Äquivalenz in der zweisprachigen Lexikographie : Kritik und Vorschläge
The African Proverbs Project and after : project
Lexikos 12, pp 256 –263 (2002)
Die African Proverbs Project en daarna
Die Pew Charitable Trusts het die African Proverbs Project, met dr. Stan Nussbaum as koördineerder, vir drie jaar (1993-1996) gefinansier. Hy het &apos;n aantal vakkundiges bymekaargebring wat spreekwoorde versamel en bestudeer het. Die doel van die projek was om verdere werk ten opsigte van die versameling, bestudering en publikasie van spreekwoorde aan te moedig. Dit het internasionale en interdissiplinêre simposia georganiseer en drie soorte publikasies onderneem. Een soort publikasie was die African Proverbs Series, met prof. John Mbiti as redakteur. Vyf bande is in 1997 gepubliseer, elkeen met spreekwoorde van onderskeidelik Ethiopië, Uganda, Lesotho, Burkina Faso en Ghana. Hul omvang het gewissel van 584 tot 1 497 spreekwoorde in Afrikatale, met vertalings in Engels en Frans. &apos;n Ander stel publikasies, met eerw. Joshua Kudadjie as redakteur, het spreekwoorde vir preek- en onderwysdoeleindes gedek. Drie dele is afkomstig van Malawi, Ghana en Liberië. Die projek het ook &apos;n geannoteerde bibliografie deur prof. Wolfgang Mieder gepubliseer. Die verslag van een van die simposia het in 1997 verskyn. Die derde manier van publikasie is in die vorm van &apos;n CD-ROM, deur dr. Sam Nussbaum geredigeer en in 1996 gepubliseer. Dit is &apos;n baie omvattende versameling en bron van materiaal wat onder andere boeke van die projek, ongeveer 28 000 spreekwoorde, &apos;n bibliografie met 1 000 items, opsomming en uittreksels van gepubliseerde versamelings en &apos;n taaloorsig van werk oor spreekwoorde insluit. Die projek het sowel plaaslike as internasionale belangstelling in die aremiografie en paremiologie van Afrika gewek. Vier akademiese instellings in Suid-Afrika, Kenia, Ghana en die Ivoorkus met skakels met ander in Afrika, Europa en Amerika, sit hierdie werk oor spreekwoorde voort.
The Pew Charitable Trusts financed the African Proverbs Project with Dr Stan Nussbaum as co-ordinator, for three years (1993-1996). He assembled a number of scholars who had collected and studied proverbs. The purpose of the Project was to encourage further work of collecting, studying and publishing proverbs. It organised international and interdisciplinary symposia and embarked on three types of publications. One kind of publication was the African Proverbs Series, with Prof. John Mbiti as editor. Five volumes were published in 1997, each with proverbs from respectively Ethiopia, Uganda, Lesotho, Burkina Faso and Ghana. Their size ranged from 584 to 1 497 proverbs in African languages, with translations into English or French. Another set of publications with the Rev. Joshua Kudadjie as editor, covered proverbs for preaching and teaching purposes. Three volumes have come from Malawi, Ghana and Liberia. The Project also published an annotated bibliography by Prof. Wolfgang Mieder. The report from one of the symposia appeared in 1997. The third manner of publication is in the form of a CD-ROM edited by Dr Stan Nussbaum and published in 1996. This is a very comprehensive collection and source of material that includes, inter alia, books from the Project, some 28 000 proverbs, a bibliography with 1 000 items, summaries and extracts from published collections, and a language survey of work on proverbs. The Project has generated both local and international interest in African paremiography and paremiology. Four academic institutions in South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and the Ivory Coast, with links to others in Africa, Europe and America, are continuing this work on proverbs.
Defining formats and corpus-based examples in the General Ndebele Dictionary, Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele : lexiconotes
Lexikos 12, pp 264 –274 (2002)
Definieerpatrone en korpusgebaseerde voorbeelde in die Algemene Ndebelewoordeboek, Isichazamazwi SeSiNdeble
In hierdie artikel beoordeel die skrywer die definieerpatrone wat in die eentalige Algemene Ndebelewoordeboek, Isichazamazwi SeSiNdeble (ISN) gebruik is. Die klem in die ISN was op die konsep gebruikersvriendelikheid. Die artikel toon aan dat definieerpatrone in die ISN &apos;n oordeelkundige mengsel is hoofsaaklik van die definieerpatrone van die Collins Birmingham University International Language Database (COBUILD) en van waarna verwys word as tradisionele patrone. Die eerste deel van hierdie artikel is &apos;n ontleding van die besluite geneem deur die redakteurs van die ISN by die formulering van hul definieerpatrone. Dit beoordeel die definieerbeginsel van COBUILD ten opsigte van die aanwending daarvan by die definiëring van trefwoorde in die ISN en die uitwerking van hierdie beginsel op die gebruikersvriendelikheid van die woordeboek. Verder bespreek dit ander patrone, inbegrepe die besluit om tradisionele definieerpatrone te behou vir die omskrywing van trefwoorde. Een van die tradisionele definieerstyle waaroor ooreengekom is, was dat die redakteurs die hiperniem sou gee in die geval van semantiese stelle, en dan die konsep wat gedefineer word, te identifiseer deur die spesifisering van aspekte wat dit onderskei van ander van sy soort. Die tweede deel van die artikel beoordeel die belangrikheid en gebruik van die korpus in die verskaffing van sowel definisies as voorbeelde vir die ISN. Daar word egter verder geredeneer dat, aangesien &apos;n korpus "verteenwoordigend" moet wees in terme van grootte ten einde toepaslik gebruik te word as basis vir sulke korpusgebaseerde woordeboeke, die redakteurs van die ISN wie se korpus relatief klein was, nie kon vermy om op intuïtiewe kennis te steun by die maak van sommige voorbeelde nie.
In this article the writer evaluates the defining formats that were used in defining headwords in the first monolingual General Ndebele Dictionary, Isichazamazwi SeSiNdeble (ISN). The emphasis in the ISN was on the concept of user-friendliness. The article establishes that defining formats in the ISN are a judicious mixture mainly of the defining formats of the Collins Birmingham University International Language Database (COBUILD) and of what has been referred to as traditional formats. The first part of this article is an analysis of the decisions taken by the ISN editors in formulating their defining formats. It assesses the COBUILD defining principle vis-à-vis its application in defining headwords in the ISN and the impact of this principle on the userfriendliness of the dictionary. It further discusses other formats, including the decision to retain traditional defining formats for defining headwords. One of the traditional defining styles agreed upon was that the editors were to give the hypernym in the case of semantic sets, and then to identify the concept being defined by specifying aspects that distinguish it from others of its type. The second part of the article evaluates the importance and use of the corpus in providing both definitions and examples for the ISN. However, it is further argued that since a corpus has to be "representative" in terms of size in order to be appropriately used as basis for such corpus-based dictionaries, the ISN editors whose corpus was relatively small, could not avoid relying on intuitive knowledge in constructing some examples.
Les proverbes dans Kongo Proverbs and the Origins of Bantu Wisdom par Mukumbuta Lisimba : review article
Lexikos 12, pp 275 –289 (2002)
Proverbs according to Kongo Proverbs and the Origins of Bantu Wisdom by Mukumbuta Lisimba
Proverbs, maxims, riddles and sayings are used every day. In spite of the technical progress during the last decades as far as didactic tools are concerned, the proverb forms part of the daily life of African societies in particular and those of the world in general. It remains an indispensable and essential educational instrument for future generations, and whenever someone wants advice or direction in a certain situation reference is made to it. It forms an integral part of the act of communication. In the light of Dr Lisimba&apos;s analysis of certain proverbs of the Bantu family, the importance of the linguistic dynamics presented by proverbs will be discovered. They will therefore have to form part of the composition of dictionaries. In fact, for lexicography as discipline of linguistic science, the treatment of proverbs and idioms is of cardinal importance because they are the bearers of the culture and customs of a people. Therefore, to deal satisfactorily with proverbs, the lexicographer will have to choose a treatment either within or outside the main text, the most advantageous being a thematic classification which allows not only for the semantic, but also for the formal aspects of the proverb.
On emploie tous les jours des proverbes, des maximes, des devinettes et des dictons. Malgré les progrès techniques des denières décénies en matière d&apos;outils didactiques, le proverbe fait partie du quotidien des sociétés africaines en particulier et de celles du monde en général. Il reste un instrument d&apos;éducation indispensable et vital pour les générations futures, et quiconque désire un conseil ou une orientation dans une certaine situation s&apos;y réfère. Il fait partie intégrante de l&apos;acte de communication. À la lumière des analyses du Dr Lisimba de certains proverbes de la famille bantu, nous découvrons l&apos;importance que revêt la dynamique du langage offert par les proverbes. Ils peuvent ainsi être employés comme données dans la compilation de dictionnaires. En effet, pour la discipline des sciences du langage qu&apos;est la lexicographie, le traitement des proverbes et idiomes est d&apos;une importance capitale parce que ces derniers sont le véhicule de la culture et des moeurs d&apos;un peuple. Ainsi, pour mener à bien une telle entreprise, le lexicographe devra choisir le traitement à l&apos;intérieur de la liste centrale, sinon à l&apos;extérieur de la liste centrale, l&apos;option la plus profitable pour lui restant une classification thématique qui tient compte non seulement de l&apos;aspect sémantique du proverbe, mais aussi de son aspect formel.