Taylor Swift (album)
Taylor Swift is the eponymous debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released through Big Machine Records in the US and Canada on October 24, 2006, and internationally on March 18, 2008. Swift had relocated from Pennsylvania to Tennessee in 2004, at fourteen years old, to pursue a career as a country singer-songwriter. She signed with Sony/ATV Tree publishing house, and Big Machine Records in 2005, to work on her debut album during her first high school year. Of the eleven songs that made to the album, Swift has sole writing  credits on three, and co-writing credits on the remaining with Robert Ellis Orrall, Brian Maher, Angelo Petraglia, and Liz Rose. The album was produced by Orrall and Nathan Chapman. The lyrics are about Swift's perspectives of life as a teenager, dealing with romantic relationships, friendships, and insecurity. "Taylor Swift" is primarily a country record with pop and pop rock elements, incorporating acoustic instruments such as guitars, banjos, and fiddles. Five singles supported "Taylor Swift", including the Hot Country Songs number-ones "Our Song" and "Should've Said No", and Swift's first top-15 entry on the "Billboard" Hot  100, "Teardrops on My Guitar". Swift promoted the album by interacting with her audiences through MySpace, embarking on a six-month radio tour in 2006, and opening tours for other country artists throughout 2006 and 2007. Critics praised the album's mainstream sensibility and Swift's songwriting abilities at a young age. "Taylor Swift" was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2008 Academy of Country Music Awards and helped Swift earn accolades including a Grammy nomination for Best New Artist. The album topped the US "Billboard" Top Country Albums chart for twenty-four weeks, and was the longest -charting album on the "Billboard" 200 of the 2000s decade. Certified seven times Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), it made Swift the first solo female country artist to write or co-write every song on a platinum debut album. Journalists attributed "Taylor Swift" success to Swift's online marketing atypical of country artists, who traditionally promoted their music via country radio. Her MySpace presence ushered in a younger demographic in country audiences who had mainly consisted of middle-aged listeners. The album's crossover appeal shaped the country pop style of Swift's next two albums , and has been noted for inspiring a new generation of singer-songwriters in and outside country music. Background. Taylor Swift developed an early interest in the performing arts. After watching a documentary about country singer Faith Hill, Swift felt sure she needed to move to Nashville, Tennessee—widely regarded as the home of country music—to pursue a career as a country singer. At age eleven, Swift traveled to Nashville with her mother to pitch demo tapes of karaoke covers to record labels for a contract. She was rejected because record labels believed country music's middle-aged demographic would  not listen to music by a teenage girl, which Swift firmly disbelieved. Returning to her home town in Pennsylvania, Swift realized she had to distinguish herself from other aspiring country singers. To this end, at age twelve, she started writing songs herself, and learned to play the guitar with the help of a computer repairman who had fixed her family's computer on one occasion. Swift's love for country music alienated her from her peers. Her performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the 2003 US Open caught the attention of music manager Dan Dymtrow, who helped thirteen-year -old Swift get an artist development deal with RCA Records in Nashville. To assist Swift's artistic endeavors, her father transferred his job to Nashville, and her family relocated to Hendersonville, a city close to Nashville, in 2004. Development and production. Among Swift's inspirations were 1990s female country musicians—Shania Twain, the Chicks, Faith Hill, and LeAnn Rimes. She signed with the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house at age fourteen to become a professional songwriter, the youngest signee in its history. After the signing, Swift commuted from Hendersonville to Nashville every afternoon to practice with experienced Music Row songwriters . Liz Rose became an important collaborator and formed a lasting working relationship with Swift in her future career. Swift had productive sessions with Rose because she respected Swift's vision and did not want to put her in the "Nashville cookie-cutter songwriting mold". Rose spoke highly of Swift's songwriting abilities: "Basically, I was just her editor...She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks." After one year on RCA's development deal, Swift was held off an official record deal; she felt the  label was not confident in her self-written material. Swift parted ways with RCA: "I figured if they didn't believe in me then, they weren't ever going to believe in me." She recalled in 2009 in "The Daily Telegraph": "I genuinely felt that I was running out of time. I wanted to capture these years of my life on an album while they still represented what I was going through." At an industry showcase at Nashville's Bluebird Café in 2005, Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a DreamWorks Records executive who was preparing to form an  independent record label, Big Machine Records. She had first met Borchetta in 2004. Swift became one of Big Machine's first signings, and her father purchased a three-percent stake in the company. Of the standard edition's eleven songs, Swift is the sole writer of three, and a co-writer of eight. Rose shares the writing credit on seven. Robert Ellis Orrall and Angelo Petraglia co-wrote "A Place in This World", and Brian Maher co-wrote "Mary's Song (Oh My My My)". After experimenting with different producers, Swift persuaded Big Machine to recruit Nathan Chapman, who had  produced her demo album in a "little shed" behind the Sony/ATV offices. Big Machine was skeptical about hiring Chapman because he had never produced a commercially released studio album, but ultimately agreed because Swift felt they had the "right chemistry". Before approaching Chapman, Swift conceptualized how her songs should sound: "I know exactly where I want the hook to be and ... what instruments I want to use." Chapman was confident in Swift's abilities, saying that she "knows what she wants to say with her music". He has sole production credits on all songs but one, "The Outside", on  which he is credited as an additional producer, and Orrall as the main producer. Recording took place during a four-month period near the end of 2005. When the recording and production wrapped, Swift had finished her first high school year. Composition. Lyrics. Swift wrote "Taylor Swift" from her personal life experiences as a teenager. While she adhered to the confessional songwriting associated with country music, she did not write about stereotypical themes such as "tractors and hay bales because that's not really the way I grew up". She instead wrote about her observations and reflections on matters from  romantic relationships to friendships, striving to convey her teenage perspectives as honestly and personally as possible. Because her inspirations came from immediate feelings and emotions, Swift wrote songs anytime and anywhere, from studio sessions to school breaks. The result is straightforward lyrics, which "The Daily Telegraph" noted to be "brimmed with an earnest naiveté". The songs on "Taylor Swift" are from the perspectives of a girl in an American small town, within the extends from high school hallways to rural backroads; "Billboard" noted that Swift's personal thoughts within a small confinement fosters a contemplative nature. Most songs on the  album are about romantic relationships, some of which were based on Swift's observations rather than real experiences. The lead single and first track, "Tim McGraw", was inspired by Swift's relationship with a senior boyfriend during her first year of high school. The song is about Swift's hope that the boyfriend, after ending the relationship and leaving for college, would reminisce about her every time he hears their mutual favorite Tim McGraw song; according to Swift, "Tim McGraw" was inspired by McGraw's 2004 song "Can't Tell Me Nothin'". Swift wrote "Our Song" for her high school  talent show. She talked about the inspiration: "I wrote it about this guy I was dating, and how we didn't have a song. So I went ahead and wrote us one." The songs "Picture to Burn" and "Should've Said No" depict a vengeful attitude toward those who do not reciprocate the protagonist's feelings; on "Picture to Burn", Swift sings about burning photographic evidence of an ex-boyfriend's existence. The original version included the lyrics, "Go and tell your friends that I'm obsessive and crazy / That's fine; I'll tell mine you're gay." On  the radio edit and subsequent versions, Swift modified the lyric to "That's fine; You won't mind if I say." Heartbreak is another aspect Swift explored—"Teardrops on My Guitar" was about her experience with a classmate whom she had feelings for, but this classmate was in love with someone else. On "Cold as You", Swift laments a fruitless relationship: "I've never been anywhere cold as you." She said it was her favorite song lyrically on the album: "I love a line in a song where afterward you're just like... burn." On other songs, Swift sings about insecurity  and self-consciousness. "The Outside", which Swift wrote at age twelve, describes the loneliness she felt when her love of country music alienated her from her peers. In a similar sentiment, "A Place in This World" expresses Swift's uncertainty about where she truly belongs. Swift wrote "Tied Together with a Smile" the day she learned one of her best friends had an eating disorder. The lyrics describe a girl hiding her inner turbulence; Swift commented, "I always thought that one of the biggest overlooked problems American girls face is insecurity." Music. Musically, "Taylor Swift" incorporates country music elements, including  twang vocal delivery and acoustic instruments such as fiddles, guitars, and banjos. According to Rose, Chapman's production was a distinctive sound that was hard to categorize into a particular genre; Big Machine marketed the album to country radio regardless. Reviews from "The Palm Beach Post" and the "Chicago Tribune" categorized "Taylor Swift" as country music. Elements of crossover pop are apparent on many songs. In retrospective articles, critics disagreed on to what extent the "Taylor Swift" songs are fully country. Jon Caramanica from "The New York Times" called it a "pop-minded country" album, while "Rolling Stone" critic Chuck  Eddy observed that "Taylor Swift" blended "pop-rock and Dixie Chicks-style twang". Another album review on "Rolling Stone", meanwhile, felt the songs were inflected with rock. Grady Smith from the same magazine listed the singles "Tim McGraw", "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", and "Picture to Burn" among Swift's "countriest songs", which evoke "classic country" in terms of instrumentation, themes, and song structure. J. Freedom du Lac from "The Washington Post" noted that the "rhythmic, rap-influenced phrasing" on "Our Song" was atypical to country music. James E. Perone, an academic in music, cited "Tim McGraw" as an  example of Swift's crossover appeal. "Tim McGraw" follows the I-vi-IV-V chord progression, which is typically found in late-1950s and early-1960s rock and roll. The refrain consists of repeated motives built within a small pitch range, which gives the song a catchy tune. Additionally, the refrain—and to a lesser degree, the verses—makes heavy use of syncopation at the sixteenth-note level, which brings about a production reminiscent to non-country genres such as alternative rock and hip hop. Perone argued that these melodic qualities laid the groundwork to Swift's pop radio-friendly discography enjoyed  by both pop and country audiences. Release and promotion. "Taylor Swift" was released on October 24, 2006, through Big Machine Records. Swift was involved in the album packaging, designing doodle graphics herself. She included hidden messages with hints at the subjects of her songs in the liner notes, a technique that she also executed on her subsequent albums. Swift said the messages could be interpreted by tracking the capital letters in the order they appear in the lyrics printed in the liner notes. In addition to the eleven-track standard edition, a fifteen-track deluxe edition contains three new original  songs—"I'm Only Me When I'm with You", "Invisible", and "A Perfectly Good Heart", and an alternate version of "Teardrops on My Guitar". An "enhanced version", which includes the music videos for "Teardrops on My Guitar" and "Tim McGraw", was released on March 18, 2008. The album was preceded by the lead single "Tim McGraw", which was released on June 19, 2006. The single peaked at number 40 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number six on the Hot Country Songs chart, marking Swift's debut appearance on both charts. It was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association  of America (RIAA). Swift promoted the album performing on televised programs including "Good Morning America", "The Megan Mullally Show", "America's Got Talent", "Total Request Live", the CMT Music Awards, and the Academy of Country Music Awards. To maintain her presence on country radio, Swift embarked on a radio tour during a six-month run in 2006. Swift also promoted the album by performing as an opening act for other country artists' concert tours. She opened for Rascal Flatts from October 19 to November 3, 2006. Throughout 2007, she opened for George Strait, Brad Paisley, and Tim McGraw and Faith  Hill's joint tour, Soul2Soul II Tour. In addition to traditional radio promotion, Swift extensively used her Myspace profile to communicate with her audiences, sharing her daily blogs and song information. Her online marketing strategy boosted the album's popularity among teenagers and young adults. Swift and Big Machine decided to release "Our Song" as a single because of the positive feedback it received on Myspace. Throughout 2007 and 2008, four more singles supported "Taylor Swift": "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture to Burn", and "Should've Said No", all of which peaked within the top forty of the  Hot 100 and the top ten of the Hot Country Songs chart. "Teardrops on My Guitar" peaked at number two on the Hot Country Songs chart and had a crossover release to pop radio; it peaked at number seven on the Mainstream Top 40 (Pop Songs) chart, and number 13 on the Hot 100. "Our Song" and "Should've Said No" reached number one on the Hot Country Songs chart. With "Our Song", Swift became the youngest person to single-handedly write and sing a Hot Country Songs number one. All singles were certified platinum or more by the RIAA , with "Teardrops on My Guitar" (3× Platinum) and "Our Song" (4× Platinum) selling over three million copies each. Critical reception. "Taylor Swift" received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised Swift's keen observations and perspectives in her songwriting. In a review for "Country Weekly", Chris Neal deemed Swift a success compared to previous aspiring teenage country singers because of her "honesty, intelligence and idealism". Reviewers were impressed by Swift's maturity while retaining a sense of youthful innocence in her lyrics, including Ken Rosenbaum of "The Toledo Blade", Nick Cristiano of "The Philadelphia Inquirer", Jeff Tamarkin of AllMusic, and  Rolling Stone. In a review for "The Palm Beach Post", James Fontaine felt Swift's honest depiction of her teenage experience made the album compelling, and lauded the "musical maturity" for effectively communicating the sentiments. Critics commented on the album's pop sensibility—Neal and "Rolling Stone" found it appealing to a mainstream audience. Tamarkin commented that Swift's "considerably strong voice" straddled the precarious boundary between country and pop, and criticized producer Chapman for applying "a gloss that not all [songs] really require". In the "Chicago Tribune", Chrissie Dickinson described "Taylor Swift" as "a slick package, pleasant enough but  devoid of anything resembling gritty traction". In a mixed review for "PopMatters", Roger Holland complimented the production quality of certain tracks, but deemed the album overall a misstep for Swift's true appeal: "It's to be hoped that when she finds both her place and her full grown voice, she's able to find an accommodation between the country tradition and her very obvious pop sensibilities." Robert Christgau rated the album a "cut" score (), and selected "Tim McGraw" and "Picture to Burn" as highlights. Retrospective reviews have remained favorable toward Swift's early songwriting abilities. Maura Johnston from "Pitchfork  described the album as an honest record about teenage perspectives, which set Swift apart from the manufactured albums that weighed down former teen sensations". Jonathan Bradley from "Billboard" lauded how Swift captured immediate emotions and feelings with "details... so sharp at so small a scale". Accolades. Swift received awards for "Taylor Swift" and its songs, including a nomination for New Female Vocalist of the Year at the 2007 Academy of Country Music Awards, a Horizon Award for Best New Artist win at the 2007 Country Music Association Awards, and a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best New Artist at  the 50th Annual Grammy Awards (2008). The album received a nomination for Album of the Year at the 2008 Academy of Country Music Awards. Commercial performance. "Taylor Swift" was a sleeper success in various territories. In the United States, it debuted at number nineteen on the "Billboard" 200 chart dated November 11, 2006, with first-week sales of 40,000 copies. Since albums often drop in sales after their initial release, Swift did not expect her album to remain long on the chart: "I would be incredibly lucky to see this album certified Gold." Contrary to her expectations, "Taylor Swift" kept  selling at a fairly consistent pace. By November 2007, the album had sold over a million copies. Supported by five back-to-back successful singles, "Taylor Swift" reached its highest sales week on the "Billboard" 200 chart dated January 5, 2008, when it sold 187,000 copies and charted at number eight. The album reached its peak at number five on the chart dated January 19, 2008, in its sixty-third week of charting. Spending 157 weeks on the "Billboard" 200 by October 2009, "Taylor Swift" marked the longest stay on the chart by any album released in the 2000s decade . It had spent a total of 275 weeks on the chart by November 2014. On the "Billboard" Top Country Albums chart, "Taylor Swift" peaked at number one for twenty-four non-consecutive weeks. By October 2020, the album had sold 5.75 million pure copies in the US. It was certified seven times Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for earning over seven million album-equivalent units in the US. In Canada, "Taylor Swift" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Albums Chart and was certified Platinum by Music Canada (MC). The album peaked at number thirty-three  on the Australian Albums Chart in March 2010, and was certified Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The album peaked at number eighty-one on the UK Albums Chart and was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales of more than 100,000 copies. The album had sold 167,000 copies in the United Kingdom by August 2019. It appeared on albums charts in New Zealand (peaking at number thirty-eight), Japan (fifty-three), Ireland (fifty-nine) and Scotland (seventy-one). Impact and legacy. "Taylor Swift" was released in a time when female country artists were gaining  momentum in popularity. However, Swift's debut as a teenager was met with disapproval from some Nashville industry experts, because the album's adolescent themes were considered inappropriate for country music's middle-aged key demographic. Contrary to initial expectations, Jim Malec of "American Songwriter" observed that "Taylor Swift"s success on country radio, particularly with the track "Our Song", established Swift as one of the few teenage female artists to be equally successful with male counterparts in a format dominated by men. While the album raised questions on whether Swift's music could categorize as country, "Rolling Stone" remarked that  following the Dixie Chicks' 2003 controversy, which left "a huge space opened up in the heart of the country audience", Swift "has completely filled it ... with a sound that's not just rock-informed but teen-poppy too". Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" observed that, although the country-pop crossover sound was facilitated by previous successful singers, Swift was the first country artist to embrace the status of a pop star. "Taylor Swift" made her the first female solo artist in country music to write or co-write every song on a platinum-certified debut album. The debut  album's singles that crossed over to pop radio laid the groundwork to Swift's subsequent country-pop discography, whose chart domination straddled the perceived boundary between the two genres. The commercial success of "Taylor Swift" "built rapidly" by the time Swift released its successor, "Fearless" (2008), which quickly outsold the former. Music journalists attributed the album's success to Swift's songwriting and online marketing strategy. While online promotion was familiar to pop and hip hop artists, she was the first country artist to promote her songs on social media services like Myspace; she also relied on social media  to promote her subsequent releases, which brought her a loyal fan base. Her social media presence ushered in a younger audience consisted of mostly teenage girls who listened to country music—a previously unheard demographic. The autobiographical narratives on "Taylor Swift" defined Swift's songwriting over the next decade, which "Billboard" noted to inspire a new generation of aspiring singer-songwriters who compose their own songs. "Consequence" stated "Taylor Swift" was the blueprint for songs focused on unrequited love and suffering, paving the way for "future teenie boppers" such as Conan Gray's "Heather" (2020) and Olivia Rodrigo's "Drivers  License" (2021). Personnel. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes Charts. Weekly charts. "Taylor Swift" reached its peak position in various countries at different points of its chart runs.