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de holle eik Februariwandeling Grenswandeling Het Patiel Hoeve Libeek Hoogbos Landgoed Kasteel Mheer Libeek Mesch Mheer Moerslag Plukbos Restaurant/Camping De Bosrand sportdorp Houthem wandelen wandeling ‘s-Gravenvoeren Hoe het probleem van slaperigheid aan te pakken? - Blog View - Malaysia Community by iRakyat.my
Posted by Logan Edgar May 21 - Filed in Health - 33 views FREE - Sweet Desire by Lauren Blakely @LaurenBlakely3
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Website | Facebook | Twitter | Goodreads SINFUL DESIRE Goodreads Johann van de Giessen |Wednesday, 05 October 2016 08:59 |Published in Conservation Policies.
Met inagneming van die risiko’s vir mens en natuur beveel SA Jagters aan dat jagters hulself vergewis van die beskikbaarheid van alternatiewe koeëls en patrone soos huidig op die mark beskikbaar is. Jagters word versoek om die geskiktheid en bruikbaarheid van alternatiewe ammunisie vir hul omstandighede en in hul toerusting te oorweeg en ‘n ingeligte besluit te neem oor die gebruik daarvan as deel van die bestuur van die risiko’s wat met die gebruik van lood gepaard gaan. Indien u, vir watter rede ookal, besluit om steeds van lood koeëls of -hael gebruik te maak, stel SA Jagters die volgende riglyne voor.
Indien ‘n skut gereeld deelneem aan probleemdierbeheer aktiwiteite, waar die herwinning van die karkas of nie moontlik is, of nie van belang is nie, of waar die karkasse van prooidiere beskikbaar gestel word aan aasdiere en die loodbesmette vleis nie verwyder word nie, beveel ons aan dat die skut om eerder gebruik te maak van alternatiewe, loodvrye koeëls of patrone, beskikbaar op die mark. Hier is verskeie plaaslike sowel as ingevoerde produkte reeds beskikbaar.
Indien ‘n skut herlaai vir haelgeweerskiet, is dit belangrik dat hy/sy te alle tye gepaste beskermende drag dra en direkte kontak met die haelkorrels tot ‘n minimum beperk. Vermy eet, drink of rook totdat die persoon die kans gehad het om sy/haar hande behoorlik met seep en water te was nadat u met lood gewerk het.
Indien daar uit die keerwal op ‘n skietbaan of vanuit die uitvalsone op ‘n kleiteikenbaan, lood herwin word, is dit belangrik dat die persone wat daarby betrokke is, te alle tye gepaste beskermende drag dra, omrede daar reeds oksidasie op die oppervlak van die loodkoeëls en -haelkorrels plaasgevind het. Hierdie stof is onmiddellik beskikbaar vir opname in die bloedstroom. Dit is ook raadsaam om hierdie ‘n nat herwinningsproses te maak om te verhoed dat die lood-stof in die lug opgeskop en ingeasem word. Dieselfde geld vir skoonmaakpersoneel in veral binnenshuise skietbane.
Indien ‘n persoon betrokke is by die giet van koeëls of die gooi van haelkorrels, heers daar ook ‘n daadwerklike gevaar van lood-dampe afkomstig van die gesmelte lood en is dit nodig om hierdie proses slegs aan te pak in goed geventileerde areas en met die nodige beskermende drag en toerusting. Loodoksied of –stof vergader ook in klere en in ‘n mens se hare, en dit is dus belangrik dat persone wat in bogenoemde aktiwiteite betrokke is besmette kledingstukke en hare gereeld was.
Goed nagevorsde studies, veral in Europa, het bewys dat die biobeskikbaarheid van lood in soliede vorm, om in die menslike bloedstroom opgeneem te kan word, redelik laag is. Die prentjie verander egter drasties wanneer gewerk word met, of mense blootgestel raak aan enige loodoksied of lood-stof.
Ken die risiko’s en bestuur die impak daarvan.
My beskeie mening as iemand wat jag (miskien nie soveel soos ander nie, maar darem 10 keer per jaar), natuurbewaarder en chemikus is die volgende:
Rakende die loodkwessie: die gebruik van lood in projektiele is standaardpraktyk oor die wêreld heen omdat die soortlike gewig (digtheid) van lood net onder die van goud en wolfram lê en dienooreenkomstig die gewenste massa per volume verskaf om 'n effektiewe projektiel te maak.
1. Lood is een van die sg. swaarmetale wat op sekere natuurlewe 'n ernstige impak het en kan hê. Dis 'n gedokumenteerde feit dat die Kaliforniese kondor se feitlike uitsterwing deels aan loodkoeëls toegeskryf kan word. Uit my eie werk met aasvoëls is die ervarings as volg:
as 'n kransaasvoël Gyps coprotheres slegs vyf gram lood van 'n tipiese koeël inkry, is die voëls gewaarborg om binne vyf weke of selfs korter te vrek.
Twee jong King vultures Sarcorampus papa is in die Nasionale Dieretuin in Pretoria dood nadat hulle klein Diana-loodkoeëls ingekry het omdat kinders windpistole in die Dieretuin ingeneem en afgevuur het.
My student, dr. Erica van Wyk, het op vyf spesies aasvoëls gewerk en die bloedtoksikologie ondersoek en die resultate was kommerwekkend want meeste van die eksemplare wat in die ondersoek gebruik is het sub-letale vlakke van lood in hul sisteme gehad.
2. Lood vir haelgeweerjag is in die hele Kanada en verskeie VSA state verban as gevolg van loodkontaminasie.
3. Daar is geen rede om te glo dat lood nie nadelig op aasdiere sal inwerk nie: ek het verskeie aasvoëls in my lewe verloor as gevolg van loodvergiftiging, as gevolg van jag, as gevolg van kwes, ens.
4. As mens 'n X-straalfoto van 'n bok se blad neem waardeur 'n gewone loodkoeël is, dan sal jy nooit ooit daardie vleis gebruik nie want die spikkels lood is soos 'n mosaiek in die vleis. Om sulke vleis vir jou hond aan te bied is stadige moordpleeg.
5. Lood is 'n bio-akkumulatiewe metaal wat met tyd saam in die organisme opbou tot dit toksiese vlakke bereik en daarna sal die organisme kliniese simptome vertoon en vrek indien drastiese terapie nie toegepas word nie. Om lood uit 'n organisme te loog, verg spesialisbehandeling en glo my dat ek met jare se ervaring nog nie daarin kon slaag om 'n aasvoël suksesvol te behandel nie, selfs nie saam met 'n span bekwame veeartse nie.
6. Suiwer koper projektiele is juis ontwerp om die drukprobleem met monolitiese koeëls te bowe te kom. Alhoewel die snelheid van die projektiele hoër is as die van loodkernkoeëls is die resultate in die jagveld ongelooflik. Ek het nog nooit 'n koeël uit enige dier gehaal nie en die skote het almal die diere effektief en netjies gedood. Vleisskade is uiters gering en lood is AFWESIG in die proses.
7. As 'n bewaringspersoon kyk ek skeef na mense wat nie van hulle oeroue tradisies wil afwyk nie en steeds voortgaan met praktyke wat onaanvaarbaar uit 'n moderne oogpunt is. Daar is te veel mense op die aarde en as elkeen sy of haar tradisies wat negatief vir die natuur is wil handhaaf, is die aarde oppad na 'n uitwissing van alle lewe.
8. Soos ons in Engels sê: 'by all means', skiet jou loodkernprojektiele op die skietbaan waar die lood gevang word, maar in die jagveld het die jagter 'n verantwoordelikheid om die natuur te bewaar en nie die plek vol ekstra toksiene te pomp nie.
Skrywer: Prof Gerhard Verdoorn.
Bron: SA Jagter / Hunter November 2006.
Om dit 'n stappie verder te voer:
Hoekom die moontlikheid van loodvergiftiging, hoe gering ookal, op ons skietbane te laat voortleef?
Dit terwyl suiwer koperkoeëls soos GS Custom se geweldige, hoë graad van eenvormigheid van een vervaardigingslot tot die volgende dit moontlik maak om soveel minder koeëls hoef weg te skiet om akkuraatheid elke keer te toets.
Gebruik die beste en kry die beste resultate!
Hunting and fishing result in the deposition of thousands of tons of lead into the North American environment every year. While foraging, wildlife species can be exposed to lead and may die of lead poisoning. Such mortalities have been documented in a wide array of birds including waterfowl, shorebirds, piscivores, songbirds, and raptors. Poisoning of California Condors, Common Loons, Trumpeter Swans, and Bald Eagles is of special concern because it may have population-level effects.
Recent research reveals that legislation banning the use of lead shot in waterfowl hunting has reduced the amount of waterfowl lead poisoning and the extent of Bald Eagle lead poisoning. Such declines demonstrate that switching to nontoxic shot can protect wildlife populations and improve the environment.
Similar regulations are being established to minimize lead deposition associated with upland game hunting and fishing. Available alternatives provide hunters and anglers with options that allow them to perform well, to excel at their sport, and to minimize lead exposure to wildlife. Because hunters and anglers cherish the outdoors and value wildlife, they may find that the increased cost of ammunition and tackle is offset by the knowledge that they are helping to protect wildlife from lead poisoning. This recognition may begin to fuel voluntary shifts to nontoxics in areas without regulatory restrictions.
To facilitate such shifts, HawkWatch will engage in an outreach effort to expose sports enthusiasts to the dangers of lead tackle and ammunition and to the benefits of using nontoxic alternatives.
Lead poisoning eyed as threat to California condor -
By John Ritter, USA TODAY - Posted 10/23/2006.
One of the great feel-good environmental stories of the past 30 years is the recovery of the majestic California condor, North America's largest bird, a scavenger-turned-billboard for the campaign to save endangered species.
A most recent study on the importance of sufficient levels of Calcium in a human body, revealed that Lead is a Calcium antagonist:
"Lead and cadmium antagonize and replace calcium in the bones and elsewhere. Hidden lead toxicity, for example, is an important cause of weak bones and osteoporosis. Tests for toxic metals may not reveal it when it is deeply embedded within the bones. A hair analysis may reveal it later as it comes out of the body through the hair and other routes."
The same study also revealed that Copper is a Calcium synergist:
"Copper is required to fix calcium in the bones and helps raise the tissue calcium level. Many people have biologically unavailable copper which causes their calcium problems. In fast oxidizers, copper deficiency contributes to a calcium deficiency."
Read more about the importance of Calcium in your body.
Elevated lead in the body can be detected by the presence of changes in blood cells visible with a microscope and dense lines in the bones of children seen on X-ray. However, the main tool for diagnosis is measurement of the blood lead level or a urine test. When blood lead levels are recorded, the results indicate how much lead is circulating within the blood stream, not the amount being stored in the body. There are two units for reporting blood lead level, either micrograms per deciliter (µg/dl), or micrograms per 100 grams (µg/100 g) of whole blood, which are both numerically equivalent. The Centers for Disease Control (US) has set the standard elevated blood lead level for adults to be 25 (µg/dl) of the whole blood. For children however, the number is set much lower at 5 (µg/dl) of blood as of 2012 down from a previous 10 (µg/dl). Children are especially prone to the health effects of lead and as a result, blood lead levels must be set lower and closely monitored if contamination is possible. The major treatments are removal of the source of lead and chelation therapy (administration of agents that bind lead so it can be excreted).
Humans have been mining and using this heavy metal for thousands of years, poisoning themselves in the process. Although lead poisoning is one of the oldest known work and environmental hazards, the modern understanding of the small amount of lead necessary to cause harm, did not come about until the latter half of the 20th century. No safe threshold for lead exposure has been discovered — that is, there is no known amount of lead that is too small to cause the body harm.
Hunting as an Exposure route -
This study has been cited by popular media as simple evidence that hunting increases exposure to lead poisoning, prompting the University of Illinois Extension to release a statement that there is no such risk. Concerning the CDC report, the authors' conclusion in a related Epi-AID Trip Report, notes the small increase associated with game consumption in the study,
and urges interpretation with respect to environmental context:
While this study suggests that consumption of wild game meat can adversely affect PbB, no participant had PbB higher than the CDC recommended threshold of 10μg/dl—the level at which CDC recommends case management; and the geometric mean PbB among this study population (1.17μg/dl) was lower than the overall population geometric mean PbB in the United States (1.60 μg/dl). The clinical significance of low PbB in this sample population and the small quantitative increase of 0.30μg/dl in PbB associated with wild game consumption should be interpreted in the context of naturally occurring PbB.
Some hunters may argue that lead-based bullets offer greater accuracy and more humane kills of game animals than might copper-based bullets, which represent the most commonly available, though expensive, alternative to lead. Bullet designs vary greatly, and some lead-based bullets are highly resistant to fragmentation, offering hunters the ability to clean game animals with negligible risk of including lead fragments in prepared meat. Other bullets are prone to fragmentation and exacerbate the risk of lead ingestion from prepared meat. In practice, use of a non-fragmenting bullet, and proper cleaning of the game animal's wound, can eliminate the risk of lead ingestion from eating game; however, isolating such practice to experimentally determine its association with blood lead levels in study, is difficult to do.
When reading the above, always bear the following findings/guidelines in mind:
(i) ... "Uit my eie werk met aasvoëls is die ervarings as volg:
as 'n kransaasvoël "Gyps coprotheres" slegs vyf gram lood van 'n tipiese koeël inkry, is die voëls gewaarborg om binne vyf weke of selfs korter te vrek." ~ Dr Gerhard Verdoorn - lees artikel aan die begin van hierdie blad.
(ii) ... "there is no known amount of lead that is too small to cause the body harm."
"No sensible decision can be made any longer without taking into account not only the world as it is, but the world as it will be." ~ Isaac Asimov.