Japanese submarine I-54 (1943)
The second I-54 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Type B3 submarine. Completed and commissioned in March 1944, she served in World War II and took part in the Marianas campaign and the Philippines campaign before she was sunk in October 1944. Construction and commissioning. "I-54" was laid down on 1 July 1942 by the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal at Yokosuka, Japan, with the name Submarine No. 627. Launched on 4 May 1943, and on the same day was both renamed I-54, the second submarine of the name, and provisionally attached to the Kure Naval District. She was  completed and commissioned on 31 March 1944. Service history. Upon commissioning, "I-54" was attached formally to the Kure Naval District and assigned to Submarine Squadron 11 in the 6th Fleet for workups. Marianas campaign. The commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet, Admiral Soemu Toyoda, activated Operation A-Go for the defense of the Mariana Islands on 13 June 1944. The Marianas campaign began with the U.S. landings on Saipan on 15 June 1944. "I-54" departed Yokosuka on 7 July 1944, bound for Saipan towing an "Unpoto" gun carrier, a sled that could carry up to 15 tons of cargo , usually in the form of three Type 96 howitzers and ammunition for them. Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne (FRUMEL), an Allied signals intelligence unit headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, intercepted and decrypted a Japanese message that day stating that "I-54" was due to arrive at Tinian on 14 July 1944 to evacuate Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service personnel. Saipan fell to American forces on 9 July 1944, and "I-54" was ordered to nearby Tinian that day. She lost her "Unpoto" sled in heavy seas. On 10 July 1944, she was reassigned to Submarine Division 15 in the 6th Fleet. On 15 July , FRUMEL intercepted and decrypted another Japanese message saying that "I-54" was scheduled to arrive at Tinian on 18 July. She returned to Yokosuka on 24 July 1944. Philippines campaign. Toyoda activated Operation Shō-Gō 1 for the defense of the Philippine Islands on 13 October 1944. That day, "I-54" was assigned along with the submarines , , , and to Submarine Group A under the direct command of the 6th Fleet. She departed Kure on 15 October 1944 with orders to attack the aircraft carriers of United States Navy Task Force 38 and the crippled light cruiser . On 18 October 1944, "I-54" received  orders from the 6th Fleet to join 12 other submarines in patrolling east of Leyte in the Philippines. "I-54" was assigned a patrol area east of the Philippines between the areas assigned to the submarines and , and she was expected to arrive in her patrol area on 25 October 1944. The Battle of Leyte began with the U.S. landings on Leyte on 20 October 1944, and that day "I-54" acknowledged an order to change her patrol area. She transmitted another message on 23 October 1944, the first day of the Battle of Leyte Gulf of 23–26 October 1944. The Japanese  never heard from her again. Loss. The circumstances of "I-54"′s loss remain unknown. At 12:18 on 28 October 1944, the destroyers and detected a submarine attempting to penetrate the screen of United States Navy Task Group 38.4 — which included the aircraft carriers , , , and — east of Leyte. While the aircraft carriers steered away from the submarine contact at high speed, "Gridley" made three depth charge attacks against the submarine and "Helm" made four. After "Helm"′s fourth attack, which took place at 14:11, a large explosion followed by two smaller ones occurred. Oil and air bubbles appeared on the surface, and damaged  deck planking and human remains were recovered after the attack. The submarine sank at . On both 30 October and 1 November 1944, "I-26", "I-46", and "I-54" all failed to make scheduled daily 19:00 status reports. On 20 November 1944, the Imperial Japanese Navy declared "I-54" to be presumed lost east of the Philippines with the loss of all 107 men on board. She was stricken from the Navy list on 10 March 1945. The identity of the submarine "Gridley" and "Helm" sank remains a mystery, and has been reported both as "I-46" and "I-54". Some sources have credited that the  destroyer escort with sinking "I-54" in the Philippine Sea on 26 October 1944 while screening Task Group 77.4, although the submarine "Richard M. Rowell" attacked probably was , which survived.