Russian cruiser Bogatyr
The cruiser Bogatyr (), launched 1901, was the lead ship of the of four protected cruisers built between 1898 and 1907 for the Imperial Russian Navy. Background. After the completion of the , the Russian Navy issued requirements for three large protected cruisers to three separate companies: was ordered from William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia, United States, was ordered from Krupp-Germaniawerft in Kiel, Germany, and "Bogatyr" from Vulcan Stettin, also in Germany. Although "Askold" was the fastest cruiser in the Russian fleet at the time of its commissioning, "Bogatyr" was selected for further development into a new class  of ships. Operational history. "Bogatyr" was laid down at the AG Vulcan Stettin shipyards in Stettin, Germany on 22 December 1899, launched on 30 January 1901 and commissioned on 20 August 1902. She initially entered service with the Russian Baltic Fleet. During the Russo-Japanese War. At the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, "Bogatyr" was stationed at Vladivostok with the Russian Pacific Fleet's cruiser squadron under the overall command of Rear Admiral Karl Jessen. This squadron operated in the Sea of Japan and in waters near the Japanese home islands for commerce raiding and reconnaissance. During  the first months of the war, the squadron made a number of sorties against Japanese shipping, but only one was reasonably successful when the merchant vessel "Hitachi Maru", carrying eighteen siege howitzers and over 1000 troops intended for the siege of Port Arthur, was sunk in June 1904. In response, the Imperial Japanese Navy assigned Vice Admiral Kamimura Hikonojō with a squadron of eight cruisers to pursue and destroy the Russian squadron. However, on 15 May 1904, "Bogatyr" struck a rock in Amur Bay, and was so badly damaged that she could not be adequately repaired for the remainder of  the war, and largely remained docked at Vladivostok. After the end of the war, "Bogatyr" was repaired, and reassigned to the Russian Baltic Fleet. "Bogatyr" was deployed in the Mediterranean when a large earthquake struck Sicily on 28 December 1908. Together with the , , and , "Bogatyr" assisted rescue efforts at Messina. Some crewmen were killed by aftershocks while attempting to rescue people from the rubble. In 1912, "Bogatyr" underwent a complete refit and modernization program at Kronstadt. World War I service. At the start of World War I, "Bogatyr" was part of the Russian 1st Cruiser Brigade in the Baltic Sea . On 26 August 1914, together with "Pallada", she captured the German light cruiser off of Osmussaar on the north coast of Estonia. The German crew scuttled their ship to avoid capture, but the German captain, Lieutenant-Commander Habenicht was captured by the Russians, together with the German code book. For the remainder of the year and early into 1915, "Bogatyr" covered minelaying operations in the Baltic, as well as laying mines herself. Mines laid by "Bogatyr" are credited with sinking the German light cruiser off Bornholm. On 2 July 1915, "Bogatyr" participated in the Battle of Åland Islands during which  she drove the German light cruiser onto the beach. In late 1915, she was refit and repaired in Kronstadt, and her main armament was upgraded to 130 mm/55 B7 Pattern 1913 guns. Through 1916, she mostly operated in the Baltic, off the coasts of Finland and Sweden, to interdict German convoys. Following the November Revolution, the crew of "Bogatyr" declared for the Bolshevik cause, and the ship joined the Red Navy. After the armistice with Germany in December 1917, "Bogatyr" was demobilized at Helsinki. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk required the Soviets to evacuate their base at Helsinki in March  1918 or have them interned by newly independent Finland even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen over. "Bogatyr" sailed to Kronstadt in what became known as the 'Ice Voyage', and was placed into reserve shortly after her arrival. In 1922, as with many ships of the former Imperial Russian Navy, "Bogatyr" was scrapped in Germany.