Urban resilience and sustainability challenges : a case study on the City of Windhoek
Brandt, Nancy Lynne (2019-04)
ENGLISH SUMMARY : The concept of sustainable development resulted after a global connection in environmental problems was found. Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report, provided a strategic foundation to among others, the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro which led to the UNCED framework known as Agenda 21. Many countries are affected by climate change and sustainable development is being introduced into policy documents. Resilience is increasingly used in sustainable development policies, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Urbanisation has occurred at a rapid pace in Namibia and many people from rural areas have migrated to Windhoek in search of better employment and an improved quality of life. The urbanisation has led to various sustainability challenges in the ecological-, social-, housing- and political environment. This study describes the sustainability challenges in Windhoek, the capital city of Namibia. Shortly after Namibia’s independence in 1990, various environmental policies and development plans were put in place to guide environmental management in Namibia. These environmental policies and development plans of Namibia are reviewed to determine whether they are adequate for addressing sustainability challenges in Windhoek and to strengthen resilience in the City of Windhoek. The study concludes with recommendations on improving the sustainability of, and urban resilience for, the City of Windhoek. Lessons are also drawn from the sustainability success stories of the City of Seattle in the USA, Curitiba in Brazil and Bogotá in Colombia and for recommendations to assist the City of Windhoek in its journey towards sustainability and improved resilience. The study’s findings suggest that sustainability forms part of the environmental legislation; however, the implementation has not been effective, such as in the case of the City of Windhoek. Resilience only surfaced in the latest development plan on Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Die konsep van volhoubare ontwikkeling het ontstaan nadat omgewingsprobleme globaal saamgevoeg is. Our Common Future, ook bekend as die Brundtland-verslag, het ’n strategiese basis verskaf aan onder meer die Aarde Spitsberaad in Rio de Janeiro, wat in 1992 plaasgevind het, en wat tot die UNCED-raamwerk, bekend as Agenda 21, aanleiding gegee het. Talle lande word deur klimaatsverandering geraak en volhoubare ontwikkeling word al hoe meer deel van beleidsdokumente. Lewenskragtigheid word toenemend in beleide oor volhoubare ontwikkeling, aanpassing in klimaatsverandering en vermindering van ramprisiko gebruik. Verstedeliking het teen ’n snelle tempo in Namibië voorgekom en mense uit plattelandse gebiede het na Windhoek migreer op soek na beter indiensneming en ’n beter gehalte van lewe. Dié verstedeliking het aanleiding gegee tot verskeie volhoubaarheidsuitdagings wat betref ekologiese, sosiale, behuisings en politieke aangeleenthede. Hierdie studie beskryf die volhoubaarheidsuitdagings in Windhoek, die hoofstad van Namibië. Kort na Namibië se onafhanklikheidswording in 1990, is verskeie omgewingsbeleide en ontwikkelingsplanne in plek geplaas om leiding te bied wat omgewingsbestuur in Namibië betref. Hierdie omgewingsbeleide en ontwikkelingsplanne van Namibië word hersien om vas te stel of hulle bruikbaar is om volhoubaarheidstudies in Windhoek aan te spreek en lewenskragtigheid in die Stad Windhoek te verstewig. Die studie sluit af met aanbevelings vir die verbetering van die volhoubaarheid en stedelike lewenskragtigheid van die Stad Windhoek. Lesse geleer van volhoubare suksesverhale van die Stad Seattle in die VSA, Curitiba in Brasilië en Bogotá in Kolombië word gebruik om verskeie aanbevelings te doen om the Stad Windhoek by te staan met sy strewe na die bereiking van volhoubaarheid en verbetering van lewensvatbaarheid. Die studie se bevinding dui daarop dat volhoubaarheid deel uitmaak van die omgewingswetgewing, maar die implementering het getoon nie so doeltreffend te wees soos in die geval van die Stad Windhoek nie, waar verskeie volhoubaarheidsprobleme steeds aanwesig is. Lewenskragtigheid het eers in die jongste ontwikkelingsplan met betrekking tot Namibië deurgeskemer en het nie voorheen deel van omgewingswetgewing uitgemaak nie.
Please refer to this item in SUNScholar by using the following persistent URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106040
The development of a debt market for the city of Windhoek ﻿
Hei, Salomo Newboy (Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2016-12)
ENGLISH SUMMARY : This study looked at the level of the development of the current debt market at the City of Windhoek. It analysed the factors likely to contribute to the development of an efficient debt market. Literature, ...