Scadoxus pole-evansii
Scadoxus pole-evansii, commonly known as the Inyanga fireball, is a herbaceous plant endemic to mountains in east Zimbabwe. It was only discovered for science in 1960. Similar in many respects to the more widely grown "Scadoxus multiflorus", it is cultivated as an ornamental plant. Description. "Scadoxus pole-evansii" has a similar growth habit to "Scadoxus multiflorus" subsp. "katherinae", growing from a bulb with attached rhizomes. The bases of the leaves are grouped to form a false stem or pseudostem. Plants may be tall. The flowers are borne in the form of an umbel on an upright  leafless stalk (scape). The bracts under the umbels turn downwards and are generally withered during flowering. Individual flowers have salmon-pink to vermilion tepals, fused at the base to form a short tube, and with broad, spreading free segments at the end, each generally with five veins. The fruits are berries, red to orange in colour. Taxonomy. The species was first discovered for science in 1960 by Reginald John Pole-Evans, growing in the Nyanga area of east Zimbabwe. It was formally described by Anna Amelia Obermeyer in 1963, as "Haemanthus pole-evansii". "Scadoxus" had been separated from "Haemanthus" by  Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1838, when he moved "Haemanthus multiflorus" to "Scadoxus multiflorus". This separation was ignored by most workers until 1976, when "Scadoxus" was again segregated from "Haemanthus" by Ib Friis and Inger Nordal, and "Haemanthus pole-evansii" was transferred to "Scadoxus pole-evansii". Relationships. "Scadoxus pole-evansii" is very similar in many respects to "Scadoxus multiflorus". The two species were shown to be closely related in phylogenetic analyses based on morphological features carried out by Nordal and Duncan. One of the few differences is that the tepals of "S. pole-evansii" have broader free segments, generally with five  veins, whereas those of "S. multiflorus" are narrower, more lanceolate, and generally have only three veins. Distribution and habitat. "Scadoxus pole-evansii" is endemic to the Nyanga region of east Zimbabwe. It grows in afromontane forest at in soil which is very open and humus-rich. Cultivation. Material of "Scadoxus pole-evansii" was sent to England at the time of its discovery. It first flowered there in January 1963, at the RHS Garden, Wisley. The species was given the RHS Award of Merit in July 1969. In cultivation it requires similar conditions to the other tropical species of "Scadoxus" with  a minimum temperature of or more and an open, humus-rich growing medium. In the northern hemisphere it begins to grow in the summer, continues throughout the winter, and becomes dormant in the early spring. Pests are those of "Scadoxus" generally. Toxicity. The genus "Scadoxus" is known to have some strongly toxic species, containing poisonous alkaloids. These are lethal to animals, such as sheep and goats, that graze on the plants. Other species of "Scadoxus" have been used in parts of tropical Africa as components of arrow poisons and fishing poisons.