John Walters (priest and poet) in January 2009 by order of the Victory Base Complex garrison commander. Camp Victory. The camp contained the Al-Faw Palace, which served as the headquarters for the Multi-National Corps – Iraq and later United States Forces – Iraq. Victory Fuel Point. The Victory Fuel Point fuel thefts were a series of thefts of diesel and jet fuel in 2007 and 2008 from the United States Army's Victory Fuel Point and Camp Liberty fuel depots in the Victory Base Complex near Baghdad International Airport in Iraq. In the thefts, a group of Americans and Nepalese using fake military identification cards 	Victory Base Complex
13670184	and forged requisition documents tricked US military personnel into allowing them access to the depot to fill up tank trucks with millions of gallons of fuel. The thieves would then drive the trucks to downtown Baghdad and sell the fuel on the Iraqi black market. In 2008, after an investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Procurement Fraud Task Force, Lee William Dubois, 32, of Lexington, South Carolina pleaded guilty in federal court to participating in the fuel scam. On August 25, 2009 Dubois was sentenced to three years in prison. Dubois had paid $450,000 to 	Victory Base Complex
13670185	the government he had made through his participation in the crime. On April 24, 2009 12 more Americans, including a Robert John Jeffery, 55, of Neosho, Missouri, were indicted by a federal grand jury in Virginia for the same offense. The indictment alleges that the twelve stole at least of fuel from the Iraq depot. Jeffery's trial is set to begin on August 10, 2009. On July 24, 2009 Robert Young, 56, pleaded guilty to stealing $39 million of fuel between October 2007 and May 2008 from Camp Liberty of which he kept $1 million in personal 	Victory Base Complex
13670186	profit. Young's sentencing was set for October 30, 2009. On July 27, 2009 Michel Jamil, 59, of Annandale, Virginia pleaded guilty to conspiracy to steal government property. Jamil was paid $75,000 for his help with the fuel thefts. His sentencing was scheduled for November 13, 2009. Two US Army officers who assisted in the thefts, Captain Austin Key and Chief Warrant Officer Joseph Crenshaw, went on trial in 2009 and 2010. Key has pleaded guilty. Crenshaw was acquitted of the charges on January 6, 2010. Victory Base Complex Victory Base Complex (VBC) was a cluster of U.S. military 	Victory Base Complex
13670187	Kolosso Kolosso Kolosso may refer to: Kolosso Kolosso may refer to: 	Kolosso
13670188	Progonica rhothias Progonica rhothias Progonica rhothias is a species of moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is found in Australia. Progonica rhothias Progonica rhothias is a species of moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is found in Australia. 	Progonica rhothias
13670189	Linear dichroism Linear dichroism Linear dichroism (LD) or diattenuation is the difference between absorption of light polarized parallel and polarized perpendicular to an orientation axis. It is the property of a material whose transmittance depends on the orientation of linearly polarized light incident upon it. As a technique, it is primarily used to study the functionality and structure of molecules. LD measurements are based on the interaction between matter and light and thus are a form of electromagnetic spectroscopy. This effect has been applied across the EM spectrum, where different wavelengths of light can probe a host of chemical systems. The predominant 	Linear dichroism
13670190	use of LD currently is in the study of bio-macromolecules (e.g. DNA) as well as synthetic polymers. Basic information. Linear polarization. LD uses linearly polarized light, which is light that has been polarized in one direction only. This produces a wave, the electric field vector, which oscillates in only one plane, giving rise to a classic sinusoidal wave shape as the light travels through space. By using light parallel and perpendicular to the orientation direction it is possible to measure how much more energy is absorbed in one dimension of the molecule relative to the other, providing information to 	Linear dichroism
13670191	the experimentalist. As light interacts with the molecule being investigated, should the molecule start absorbing the light then electron density inside the molecule will be shifted as the electron becomes photoexcited. This movement of charge is known as an electronic transition, the direction of which is called the electric transition polarisation. It is this property for which LD is a measurement. The LD of an oriented molecule can be calculated using the following equation:- Where A is the absorbance parallel to the orientation axis and A is the absorbance perpendicular to the orientation axis. Note that light of any wavelength 	Linear dichroism
13670192	can be used to generate an LD signal. The LD signal generated therefore has two limits upon the signal that can be generated. For a chemical system whose electric transition is parallel to the orientation axis, the following equation can be written: For most chemical systems this represents an electric transition polarised across the length of the molecule (i.e. parallel to the orientation axis). Alternatively, the electric transition polarisation can be found to be perfectly perpendicular to the orientation of the molecule, giving rise to the following equation: This equation represents the LD signal recorded if the electric transition is 	Linear dichroism
13670193	polarised across the width of the molecule (i.e. perpendicular to the orientation axis), which in the case of LD is the smaller of the two investigable axes. LD can therefore be used in two ways. If the orientation of the molecules in flow is known, then the experimentalist can look at the direction of polarisation in the molecule (which gives an insight into the chemical structure of a molecule), or if the polarisation direction is unknown it can be used as a means of working out how oriented in flow a molecule is. UV linear dichroism. Ultraviolet (UV) LD is 	Linear dichroism
13670194	typically employed in the analysis of biological molecules, especially large, flexible, long molecules that prove difficult to structurally determine by such methods as NMR and X-ray diffraction. DNA. DNA is almost ideally suited for UV LD detection. The molecule is very long and very thin, making it very easy to orient in flow. This gives rise to a strong LD signal. DNA systems that have been studied using UV LD include DNA-enzyme complexes and DNA-ligand complexes, the formation of the latter being easily observable through kinetic experiments. Fibrous protein. Fibrous proteins, such as proteins involved in Alzheimer	Linear dichroism
13670195	's disease and prion proteins fulfil the requirements for UV LD in that they are a class of long, thin molecules. In addition, cytoskeletal proteins can also be measured using LD. Membrane proteins. The insertion of membrane proteins into a lipid membrane has been monitored using LD, supplying the experimentalist with information about the orientation of the protein relative to the lipid membrane at different time points. In addition, other types of molecule have been analysed by UV LD, including carbon nanotubes and their associated ligand complexes. Alignment methods. Couette flow. The Couette flow orientation system is the most widely 	Linear dichroism
13670196	used method of sample orientation for UV LD. It has a number of characteristics which make it highly suitable as a method of sample alignment. Couette flow is currently the only established means of orientating molecules in the solution phase. This method also requires only very small amounts of analysis sample ( 20 - 40 µl) in order to generate an LD spectrum. The constant recirculation of sample is another useful property of the system, allowing many repeat measurements to be taken of each sample, decreasing the effect of noise on the final recorded spectrum. Its mode of operation is very simple	Linear dichroism
13670197	, with the sample sandwiched between a spinning tube and a stationary rod. As the sample is spun inside the cell, the light beam is shone through the sample, the parallel absorbance calculated from horizontally polarised light, the perpendicular absorbance from the vertically polarised light. Couette flow UV LD is currently the only commercially available means of LD orientation. Stretched film. Stretched film linear dichroism is a method of orientation based on incorporating the sample molecules into a polyethylene film. The polyethylene film is then stretched, causing the randomly oriented molecules on the film to ‘follow’ the movement of the film	Linear dichroism
13670198	. The stretching of the film results in the sample molecules being oriented in the direction of the stretch. Associated techniques. Circular Dichroism. LD is very similar to Circular Dichroism (CD), but with two important differences. (i) CD spectroscopy uses circularly polarized light whereas LD uses linearly polarized light. (ii) In CD experiments molecules are usually free in solution so they are randomly oriented. The observed spectrum is then a function only of the chiral or asymmetric nature of the molecules in the solution. With biomacromolecules CD is particularly useful for determining the secondary structure. By way of contrast, in LD 	Linear dichroism
13670199	experiments the molecules need to have a preferential orientation otherwise the LD=0. With biomacromolecules flow orientation is often used, other methods include stretched films, magnetic fields, and squeezed gels. Thus LD gives information such as alignment on a surface or the binding of a small molecule to a flow-oriented macromolecule, endowing it with different functionality from other spectroscopic techniques. The differences between LD and CD are complementary and can be a potent means for elucidating the structure of biological molecules when used in conjunction with one another, the combination of techniques revealing far more information than a single technique 	Linear dichroism
13670200	in isolation. For example, CD tells us when a membrane peptide or protein folds whereas LD tells when it inserts into a membrane. Fluorescence detected Linear Dichroism. Fluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD) is a very useful technique to the experimentalist as it combines the advantages of UV LD whilst also offering the confocal detection of the fluorescence emission. FDLD has applications in microscopy, where can be used as a means of two-dimensional surface mapping through differential polarisation spectroscopy (DPS) where the anisotropy of the scanned object allows an image to be recorded. FDLD can also be used in conjunction 	Linear dichroism
13670201	with intercalating fluorescent dyes (which can also be monitored using UV LD). The intensity difference recorded between the two types of polarised light for the fluorescence reading is proportional to the UV LD signal, allowing the use of DPS to image surfaces Linear dichroism Linear dichroism (LD) or diattenuation is the difference between absorption of light polarized parallel and polarized perpendicular to an orientation axis. It is the property of a material whose transmittance depends on the orientation of linearly polarized light incident upon it. As a technique, it is primarily used to study the functionality and structure of molecules	Linear dichroism
13670202	John Walters (priest and poet) John Walters (priest and poet) John Walters (11 June 1760 – 28 June 1789) was a Welsh Anglican priest and poet. Life. Walters was the eldest son of John Walters, a clergyman and lexicographer, and he was born on 11 June 1760 in Llandough, Glamorgan, south Wales. He was educated at Cowbridge Grammar School and Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating in 1777 obtaining his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1781. During his time in Oxford, he was sub-librarian at the Bodleian Library. He became headmaster of Cowbridge Grammar School in 1783 and headmaster of Ruthin School in the following year, when 	John Walters (priest and poet)
13670203	he was also promoted to Master of Arts. Walters was later appointed as rector of Efenechtyd, Denbighshire. He died on 28 June 1789 in Ruthin, survived by his wife and two daughters. Works. Walters was a noted poet, publishing Poems with Notes" in 1780 whilst still a university student. "Translated Specimens of Welsh Poetry" followed in 1782. Other works included an edition and translation of Llywarch Hen's poems (published in "The History of Wales" by Warrington in 1788) and sermons. A new edition of Toxophilus printed by R.Marsh of Wrexham in 1788. It was edited with an introduction by  the Rev. John Walters, M.A., Master of Ruthin Grammar School. This date coincides with the formation of the Royal British Bowmen, in Wrexham, in 1787! References. 2. Bernard Dennis www.bernarddennis.co.uk John Walters (priest and poet) John Walters (11 June 1760 – 28 June 1789) was a Welsh Anglican priest and poet. Life. Walters was the eldest son of John Walters, a clergyman and lexicographer, and he was born on 11 June 1760 in Llandough, Glamorgan, south Wales. He was educated at Cowbridge Grammar School and Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating in 1777 obtaining his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1781. During his