Hans Krása
Hans Krása (30 November 1899 – 17 October 1944) was a Czech composer, murdered during the Holocaust at Auschwitz. He helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp. Life. Hans Krása was born in Prague, the son of Anna (Steiner) and Karl Krasa, a lawyer. His father was a Czech Jew and his mother was German Jewish. He studied both the piano and violin as a child and went on to study composition at the German Music Academy in Prague. After graduating, he went on to become a répétiteur at the Neues Deutsches Theater, where he met the  composer and conductor Alexander von Zemlinsky, who had a major influence on Krása's career. In 1927 he followed Zemlinsky to Berlin, where he was introduced to Albert Roussel. Krása, whose primary influences were Mahler, Schoenberg and Zemlinsky, also felt an affinity with French music, especially the group of composers known as "Les Six" and made a number of trips to France to study under Roussel while he lived in Berlin. Krása eventually returned, homesick, to Prague to resume his old job as a répétiteur at the Neues Deutsches Theater. His debut as a composer came with his "Four Orchestral  Songs" Op. 1, based on the "Galgenlieder" (Gallows Songs) of Christian Morgenstern. The work was first performed under Zemlinsky's direction in Prague in May 1921 and was widely acclaimed. There followed a string quartet, a set of five songs for voice and piano and his "Symphonie für kleines Orchester", which was performed in Zurich, Paris and Boston. His major achievement, however, was the opera "Verlobung im Traum" ("Betrothal in a Dream") after the novel "Uncle's Dream" by Dostoyevsky. This work was first performed at the Neues Deutsches Theater in Prague in 1933 under Georg Szell and was  awarded the Czechoslovak State Prize. "Brundibár", a children's opera based on a play by Aristophanes, was the last work Krása completed before he was arrested by the Nazis on 10 August 1942. Krása was sent to the Theresienstadt ghetto where he reworked "Brundibár" with the available cast “and scattered salt of staging”, who then performed it 55 times in the camp, with excerpts featured in the infamous propaganda film made for the Red Cross in 1944. While he was interned in the ghetto, Krása was at his most productive, producing a number of chamber works although, due to the  circumstances, some of these have not survived. Death. Along with fellow composers Viktor Ullmann, Pavel Haas and Gideon Klein, Krása was taken to Auschwitz. He was murdered on 17 October 1944; he was not yet 45 years old. Recordings. His Three Songs after poems by Arthur Rimbaud, "Čtyřverší", "Vzrušení" and "Přátelé", sung by Christian Gerhaher, appear on the CD "Terezín - Theresienstadt " initiated by Anne Sofie von Otter, Deutsche Grammophon, 2007. His String Quartet appears on "Pavel Haas and Hans Krása: String Quartets", performed by the Hawthorne String Quartet as part of the Decca series, "Entartete Musik", label: Decca 440 853–2 . As part of the same series his opera "Verlobung im Traum (Betrothal in a Dream)" and "Symphonie" appeared in recordings by the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin conducted by Lothar Zagrosek and Vladimir Ashkenazy respectively, label: Decca 455 587–2.