Slope deflection method
The slope deflection method is a structural analysis method for beams and frames introduced in 1914 by George A. Maney. The slope deflection method was widely used for more than a decade until the moment distribution method was developed. In the book, "The Theory and Practice of Modern Framed Structures", written by J.B Johnson, C.W. Bryan and F.E. Turneaure, it is stated that this method was first developed,"by Professor Otto Mohr in Germany, and later developed independently by Professor G.A. Maney". According to this book, professor Otto Mohr introduced this method for the first time in his  book,"Evaluation of Trusses with Rigid Node Connections" or "Die Berechnung der Fachwerke mit Starren Knotenverbindungen". Introduction. By forming slope deflection equations and applying joint and shear equilibrium conditions, the rotation angles (or the slope angles) are calculated. Substituting them back into the slope deflection equations, member end moments are readily determined. Deformation of member is due to the bending moment. Slope deflection equations. The slope deflection equations can also be written using the stiffness factor formula_1 and the chord rotation formula_2: Derivation of slope deflection equations. When a simple beam of length formula_3 and flexural rigidity formula_4 is loaded at  each end with clockwise moments formula_5 and formula_6, member end rotations occur in the same direction. These rotation angles can be calculated using the unit force method or Darcy's Law. Rearranging these equations, the slope deflection equations are derived. Equilibrium conditions. Joint equilibrium. Joint equilibrium conditions imply that each joint with a degree of freedom should have no unbalanced moments i.e. be in equilibrium. Therefore, Here, formula_10 are the member end moments, formula_11 are the fixed end moments, and formula_12 are the external moments directly applied at the joint. Shear equilibrium. When there are chord rotations in a frame , additional equilibrium conditions, namely the shear equilibrium conditions need to be taken into account. Example. The statically indeterminate beam shown in the figure is to be analysed. In the following calculations, clockwise moments and rotations are positive. Degrees of freedom. Rotation angles formula_18, formula_19, formula_20, of joints A, B, C, respectively are taken as the unknowns. There are no chord rotations due to other causes including support settlement. Fixed end moments. Fixed end moments are: Slope deflection equations. The slope deflection equations are constructed as follows: Joint equilibrium equations. Joints A, B, C should suffice the equilibrium condition. Therefore Rotation  angles. The rotation angles are calculated from simultaneous equations above. Member end moments. Substitution of these values back into the slope deflection equations yields the member end moments (in kNm):