Kettu Kalyanam
Kettu Kalyanam, also known as , was the name of an elaborate marriage ceremony of the Samanthan, Nair, Maarar, and Ambalavasi communities of the southern Indian state of Kerala. The customs varied from region to region and caste to caste. (a matrilineal form of marriage) might take place only if the bride had already had this elaborate ritual mock-marriage known as . The is ceremonial only, for after the rituals the groom returns to his house, never to meet the bride again. In some parts of Malabar immediately after the ceremony, a formal divorce is constituted, whereas in other  areas the groom enters into with the girl and becomes her husband in practice, if the girl be of marriageable age. Ceremonies. Among the communities that practiced the custom, a grand ceremony would be held at its oldest ancestral house. All the girls of appropriate age of the lineage of one generation were ritually married to chosen bridegrooms of (linked neighbourhood kinship groups not of the same family group as the brides). This ceremony, called ("tāli-tying ceremony") had to be performed for each girl before puberty, on pain of her excommunication from her caste. At the ceremony, each bridegroom , in the company of representatives of every household in the neighbourhood, tied a gold ornament (a ) round the neck of his bride. Each couple was then secluded in a room of the ancestral house for three days and nights. On the fourth day the bridegrooms departed; they had no further obligations, and did not need to visit the brides again. Kinship and purpose. After the ritual, a girl was regarded as having attained the status of a mature woman, ready to bear children to perpetuate her lineage. This social recognition of marriageability was entirely separate from community acknowledgement of physical  maturity upon reaching puberty. For that, there was a separate ceremony, , performed at a girl's menarche. The -tying ritual was both a religious and legal ceremony between the lineage and group, and thus can be seen as a form of mass marriage, even though it is in practice only a mock-marriage, while the later are actual marriages.