Black Mesa Research Facility
The Black Mesa Research Facility (also simply called Black Mesa) is a fictional underground laboratory complex that serves as the primary setting for the video game "Half-Life" and its expansions, as well as its remake, "Black Mesa". It also features in the wider "Half-Life" universe, including the "Portal" series. Located in the New Mexico desert in a decommissioned Cold War missile site, it is the former employer of "Half-Life"'s main character, Gordon Freeman, a theoretical physicist, and a competitor of Aperture Science. While the facility ostensibly conducts military-industrial research, its secret  experiments into teleportation have caused it to make contact with the alien world of Xen, and its scientists covertly study its life-forms and materials. An "anti-mass spectrometer" experiment conducted on Xen matter causes a Resonance Cascade disaster that allows aliens to invade Earth, and is the catalyst for the events of the series. "Half-Life" was critically praised for both its storytelling and level design. At the time, the integration of narrative in the form of interactive cutscenes and NPCs was considered groundbreaking for a first-person shooter. Development. The monorail sequence that introduces the player to the  Black Mesa facility was initially intended as a tech demo. Series writer Marc Laidlaw stated that when a programmer implemented a new type of game object called "func_tracktrain", which allowed trains to branch onto different tracks, as well as bank and pivot into turns, Laidlaw decided to incorporate a train into the game's story. The path of the monorail itself is made up of six different map files without individual loading screens, adding hallways as transition areas to give the illusion of level streaming. Reception. The starting monorail sequence became well-known for allowing the player to walk freely  around the train and look at whatever they chose, rather than be locked in place. Other scripted events that were notable for allowing the player to retain full control include the Resonance Cascade disaster. The design of Black Mesa was characterized by critics as "mundane", and representing "workaday normality", however, its designers also gave its corporate environments "terrifying potential" by making it possible for aliens to spawn even in apparently empty areas. This allows for numerous potential places of ambush. Its visual design was called dystopian, featuring large amounts of solid-state hardware, much of which is malfunctioning or in  disrepair even prior to the alien invasion. Scenes in Black Mesa have been described as "industrial disarray" and "bureaucracy run amok", while the facility itself was called "an amalgam of every top-secret military-scientific installation ever created or imagined". The Resonance Cascade in Black Mesa was noted as being a metaphor for how the laboratory destabilizes the difference between "inside" and "outside". Its teleportation experiments caused Black Mesa's features to be reproduced upon "the planet at large". Legacy. Black Mesa's design has been credited as inspiring future cinematic shooters, including the "Battlefield", "" and "" series, being called a  revolutionary step for the genre.