E-Flexer-class ferry
The E-Flexer is a class of Chinese-built Ro-Pax ferries ordered by Stena RoRo for European line service. Twelve vessels of the class are on order, and upon delivery will be operated by Stena Line, Brittany Ferries, DFDS Seaways and Marine Atlantic. Stena Line are to take five vessels of the class, Brittany Ferries five (four of which will be powered by LNG, and two hybrid electric), and a single vessel each to DFDS and Marine Atlantic, of which the latter's vessel will also be hybrid electric. All of the vessels will be  delivered to Stena RoRo with the Stena Line vessels transferred to that company and the Brittany Ferries, DFDS and Marine Atlantic examples long-term chartered to those operators, with an option to purchase at the end of the charter. History. Following about two years of design work, Stena ordered the first four vessels of the class from Chinese shipbuilder AVIC Weihai in April 2016, with options for four more ships. Stena originally planned to utilize the four ferries on Irish Sea services out of Belfast, but later agreed to charter the third ship in the series to Brittany Ferries. In  February 2018, the keel was laid for the first ship, with her delivery scheduled for early 2020. Stena RoRo ordered a fifth ship in April 2018, which will enter service with DFDS Seaways on a ten-year charter upon delivery. The following month, Stena RoRo ordered a sixth ship, to be placed with Brittany Ferries on a ten-year charter beginning in late 2021. Construction on the second ship in the class began in June 2018. In July, Stena Line ordered two more ships, accounting for all the options in the original 2016 order, while Stena RoRo announced that it  had agreed to take new options for four more vessels. Service. The first ship in the class, named "Stena Estrid", was launched in January 2019 and was delivered in China on 15 November. On arrival in Holyhead, faulty seals on over 20 windows were discovered. Repairs were carried out prior to her maiden voyage, which took place on 13 January 2020. She is regularly operated on Stena's route between Holyhead and Dublin. "Stena Edda", the second E-flexer earmarked for Stena Line's fleet, was delivered to Stena RoRo on 15 January 2020. Following bunkering in Singapore and Gibraltar , and an outside port limits call at Galle, the crew travelling from Weihai were also checked by local authorities for coronavirus infection, with no evidence of the disease being present. She entered service on Stena's route between Belfast and Liverpool, where "Stena Embla", the fourth ship of the series, is planned to operate upon her delivery in early 2021. "Galicia" was delivered on 3 September 2020, with her entry into service expected in 2021. She will operate out of Portsmouth, England, to Santander, Spain and Cherbourg, France. Brittany Ferries plans to take delivery of "Salamanca" in 2022, followed by  Santoña in 2023. On the 20th July 2021, Brittany Ferries announced that 2 more E-Flexer ships are due to enter service between 2024 and 2025, replacing Bretagne and Normandie. These two vessels - which will be shortened to about in order to comply with St. Malo port restrictions, are due to operate between Portsmouth and St. Malo (codename "Bretagne II") and Portsmouth and Caen/Ouistreham (codename "Normandie II"). These will be ships 11 and 12. The fifth ship in the series, operated by DFDS , is called "Cote d'Opale". She differs significantly from the other E-Flexer vessels as she has  additional public spaces in areas where passenger cabins are located on the Stena Line and Brittany Ferries ships. The drastic changes from the rest of the E-Flexer class come about from the fact that she is running on the Dover-Calais cross-channel service, which is a short crossing - only taking 90 minutes from Dover to Calais. On August 4th, 2021 the "Côte d'Opale" entered service, replacing DFDS's older 1991 Boelwerf-built Calais Seaways. The day after Brittany Ferries ordered two additional E-Flexers, Marine Atlantic ordered an E-Flexer. This vessel will be slightly shorter than the  standard E-Flexer at and will run on Marine Atlantic's two routes, connecting the North Sydney-Port aux Basques-Argentia triangle. Design. E-Flexer-class ships were designed by Stena and Deltamarin. The basic concept of the "E-Flexer" follows a standardised design using (by default configuration) one full passenger deck, two mixed use decks, and two full-length garages for road traffic, plus a smaller garage in the ship's lower hull. Ships of the class are powered by two engines instead of four, which is said to reduce fuel consumption alongside a specialised hull design. The standard  design is long by wide, however the design can be lengthened and shortened, and the interior can be tailored according to the operator's needs. Subclasses. Stena Line (standard). The standard "Stenas", ships #1-#3 ("Stena Estrid", "Edda" and "Embla"), are the first ships of "E-Flexers" delivered, with all being delivered between 2019-2020. They have a fully-passenger Deck 8 (upper deck) and partial -passenger Deck 7. Deck 7 houses a restaurant overlooking the bow of the ship, with a car garage to the stern. Deck 8 houses numerous amenities at the bow, with the stern section housing passenger  cabins. Stena Line (extended). The extended "Stenas" are ships #7 and #8 of the class. These ships follow much the same layout as the original standard-length Stena "E-Flexers", however these are extended to long. With the extension in the ship's length, lane space is increased by 500 lane metres to 3600lm. Brittany Ferries (standard). The standard "Brittany Ferries" ("Galicia", "Salamanca" and "Santoña") follow a very similar design to Stenas "Estrid", "Edda" and "Embla", with the chief differences being an extended superstructure and with the Deck 7 car deck being cut in favour of passenger cabins, turning Deck  7 into a full passenger deck. "Salamanca" and "Santoña" will be capable of running on liquefied natural gas from launch, while the "Galicia" will be able to convert at a later date. Due to LNG tanks taking up some lane metres on the latter two, lane metres on the combined two decks will be reduced from 3100lm to 2758lm. Brittany Ferries (shortened). Two E-Flexers, as yet unnamed ships #11 and #12 with codenames "Normandie II" and "Bretagne II", will be built to the shortened specification. These are shortened to length in order to comply with St. Malo harbour restrictions . "Bretagne II" is due to replace the 1989 Bretagne while the "Normandie II" will replace the 1992 Normandie. "Normandie II" will follow a similar layout to the standard Brittanies, while "Bretagne II" will sacrifice additional lane metres for cabin space. "Normandie II" will have some 2100lm of garage space, with the "Bretagne II" instead using 1100lm. Uniquely, these two ships will be hybrid electric, with capability of sailing out of harbour on battery electric power. Unique E-Flexers. Côte d'Opale. The "Côte D'Opale" is one of two unique E-Flexer newbuilds. Her design sacrifices cabins completely on Deck 8 in  favour of passenger amenities, alongside being outfitted with a so-called "cow catcher" on the bow and sliding doors at the rear. These changes were made in order for her to be suitable for service on the highly intensive Dover-Calais sailing, which only lasts 1 hour 30 minutes and utilises shore-to-ship ramps instead of the conventional ship-to-shore ramps used elsewhere. Marine Atlantic. The "Marine Atlantic" is the second unique E-Flexer. She is a slightly shortened variant of the standard E-Flexer, though longer than the shortened Brittany ships on order, at long. She is  expected to carry 1100 passengers and contain 2571 lane metres of vehicle space, and, like the St. Malo Brittany Ferries ships, will be capable of running on marine diesel or liquid natural gas, with hybrid electric propulsion. Like the Brittany ships, the car deck on Deck 7 will be sacrificed for additional cabin space. The first five ships to be built are each powered by two MaK M43C diesel engines, with a total power output of , driving two propellers that give the ships a service speed of . Those engines are designed to be compatible with liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel  after modifications. Brittany Ferries' second and third ("Salamanca" and "Santoña") ships will be modified to be capable of running on LNG from delivery, though both will have reduced freight capacity as a result of the space occupied by their LNG tanks. All of the E-Flexer ships ordered to date will be ice-classed, either to 1A or 1C requirements.