Marsaskala
Marsaskala (M'Skala, ) is a sea-side town in the South Eastern Region of Malta that has grown around the small harbour at the head of Marsaskala Bay, a long narrow inlet also known as "Marsaskala Creek". The bay is sheltered to the north by "Ras iż-Żonqor", the south-east corner of Malta, and to the south by the headland of "Ras il-Gżira". The parish church, built in 1953, is dedicated to Santa Anna and the feast is celebrated at the end of July in Marsaskala. It was originally a fishing village only but has gradually evolved into  a tourist destination and a permanent hometown for an ever-growing population. The town has a winter population of 12,134 people (as of March 2014), but swells to around 20,000 in summer. Etymology. Different opinions exist regarding the origin of the name Marsaskala. While it is commonly agreed that "Marsa" is an Arabic word meaning bay, Skala has given rise to different interpretations. It could have been derived from "Sqalli" (Sicilian) for Marsaskala was frequented by Sicilian fishermen since Malta is just south from Sicily. Maybe it was derived from the Sicilian 'Piccola Cala' meaning little inlet or it was  just a reference to some rock-cut steps on the water's edge since "scala" also means a straight flight of steps. Marsaskala is better known as "Wied il-Għajn" by the Maltese as the bay and the old small village are flanked by two valleys, through which a spring of fresh water used to flow down into the innermost bay. "Wied" means valley and "Għajn" (pronounced "ayn") refers to the spring of fresh water. Literally, "Wied il-Għajn" means "Valley of the Spring". History. Humans inhabited the area since pre-history, as evidenced by a number of archaeological remains . Some of the ancient remains are the cart-ruts, which are parallel channels formed in the rock. Early Christian catacombs, as well as Roman era remains, were discovered in Marsaskala, the latter suggesting that Marsaskala was also a Roman port. Remains of Roman Baths were found in a field at "il-Gżira", a rock peninsula behind the Jerma Palace Hotel. In 1614, 60 Turkish ships carrying 6000 soldiers landed at Marsaskala and launched an attack on the south of Malta. Although the battle was a decisive Christian victory, it brought back fear and terrifying memories of the 1565 Great Siege  of Malta. Marsaskala's vulnerability to sea borne attacks was reduced by the building of Saint Thomas Tower later in that same year. The tower was financed by Grandmaster Alof de Wignacourt and it is one of a series of Wignacourt towers. St Thomas Tower continued to be used for military purposes until the 19th century and it has been recently restored. In 1659, Żonqor Tower, one of 13 De Redin towers was built in the area. This tower was demolished in 1915 by British military engineers. No traces of it can be seen anymore and a pillbox now stands  in its place. Marsaskala has various other towers, but these were built privately by wealthy residents as fortified houses. These include Mamo Tower, Tal-Buttar Tower and Tal-Gardiel Tower. In 1715, Briconet Redoubt was built by the Order and it is now well preserved and is used as a police station. A second redoubt was built close to Marsaskala but it was destroyed in 1915. In 1882, the British built Żonqor Battery but it was not used a lot since it was unsuitable for proper defence. In 2003, U.S. amateur pseudo-archaeologist Bob Cornuke caused a controversy with sweeping  statements written in his book "The Lost Shipwreck of St. Paul", where he claimed that the Apostle Paul had been shipwrecked in St Thomas' Bay, in Marsaskala. His claim was never confirmed and discredited by those related in the field, though St. Thomas' Bay (and simultaneously several bays in the Mediterranean) matches the limited description found in the 27th chapter of the book of Acts: a sandy beach, rocky shoreline, deep water (about 90-foot depth) relatively close to shore, and the discovery of four identical Roman Era ship anchors found in the bay during the 1960s, now in the  Malta Maritime Museum. As a monument over the more recent Maltese history are the remains of the previous four-star Corinthia Jerma Palace Hotel at the very tip of mainland "Ras il-Gżira". The hotel was owned by Libyan Arab Foreign Investment Company for 25 years and was closed in March 2007. Government. The first council in Marsaskala was formed in April 1994. The first village mayor was also Malta's first female mayor, Marvic Attard Gialanze. The main issue in this election was the controversial proposal of the building of a new waste recycling plant and a number of  biogas tanks in Sant' Antnin Valley. This development is being challenged by a committee composed of seven Labour-led local councils (including Marsaskala) and eight local non-government organisations. The matter has been raised in the European Parliament. The current Prime Minister Dr Robert Abela, former President George Abela, the former Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi and two Labour Members of Parliament, Dr Owen Bonnici and Dr Helena Dalli live in the Marsaskala area, as does the leader of the defunct party Azzjoni Nazzjonali, Josie Muscat. Geography. The town of Marsaskala is located in the south east of Malta, around the  small harbour at the head of Marsaskala Bay, a long narrow inlet also known as "Marsaskala Creek". The bay is sheltered to the north by "Ras iż-Żonqor", the south-east corner of Malta, and to the south by the headland of "Ras il-Gżira". The town itself is located along both sides of the bay, and across most of Il-Ħamrija, a creek leading to "Il-Ponta tal-Gzira". The shore north of "Ras iż-Żonqor" is of low cliffs, with shelving rock ledges south of the point. Marsaskala Bay is largely edged by promenade, with low shelving rock  ledges cut with salt pans on the seaward face of Ras iċ-Ċerna, which continue on round the eastern point, past l-Abjad iż-Żgħir, and into Il-Bajja ta' San Tumas (St Thomas' Bay) to the south. Sports. The main sports in Marsaskala are football and waterpolo. Marsaskala F.C. are a football club founded in 2010. Marsaskala Sports Club, founded in 1927, and re-founded in 1974 is one of the oldest waterpolo clubs in Malta. Having languished in the second division for many years, Marsaskala Sports Club established themselves as one of Malta's top teams in the  mid-nineties. In 1997 they were crowned Malta champions, the only season the trophy was won by a club from southern Malta. They have represented Malta in the Ligue Européenne de Natation (LEN) Trophy in Chios, Greece in 1997 and the European Champions Cup in 1998 in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic, becoming the first Maltese team to win two European Champions Cup matches, against Swiss champions Horgen and the hosts themselves. Several Marsaskala Sports Club products have also played with distinction in the national team, amongst of which were Charles Flask, Alfred Xuereb "il-Yogi", Charles Żammit, Joseph Caruana  Dingli, Anton Privitera, Paul Privitera and John Licari. Both Joseph Caruana Dingli and Paul Privitera have also captained the Malta national team on many occasions. Marsaskala was also the venue of the 2005 European Eight-ball Pool Championships and the European Darts Championships, both held at the Jerma Palace Hotel. Marsaskala is popular with divers and swimmers. Twin towns – sister cities. Marsaskala is a member of the Douzelage, a unique town twinning association of towns across the European Union. This active town twinning began in 1991 and Marsaskala joined in 2009. There are regular events, such as a produce market  from each of the other countries and festivals.