Digital Monster
The Digital Monster is a digital pet created by WiZ and Bandai that spawned the "Digimon" franchise. It was released by Bandai on June 26, 1997 in Japan and on December 5, 1997 in North America. This pet was a masculine counterpart to the Tamagotchi, which was deemed more appropriate for girls. It was similar to earlier virtual pets with the distinctions of being a fighting pet that could connect with others like it. The original Digital Monster model that was released in 1997 sold units worldwide, including in Japan and overseas, up until March 2004. By 2005 , more than Digital Monster units had been sold worldwide. In 2017, a 20th anniversary edition was released in Japan which allows the owner to choose from any of the eggs from the first five versions of the original toy, as well as several new ones unlocked through various methods. This edition was released worldwide in 2019, the anniversary of the franchise outside of its home country. History. Key figures involved in the development of the Digital Monster include Makoto Kitagawara and Kenji Watanabe of WiZ and Ayumu Horimura of Bandai. Kitagawara and Watanabe had been in WiZ's game department  before being moved to the toy department. Once there, Kitagawara helped with debugging and spec documents for a second generation of Tamagotchi, and that was when discussions for a male-oriented Tamagotchi began. Horimura would act as a supervisor during its development. The name for this new device started off as "Otokotchi" (おとこっち), but then it became "Capsule Zaurus" (カプセルザウルス) as it went through development. When the team found that the name "Capsule Zaurus" could be seen as infringement by other companies, the device was named the "Digital Monster". Watanabe contributed monster designs to the Digital Monster; he used drawings  influenced from American comics such as Spawn and other artists like Simon Bisley and Mike Mignola. The first two monsters he designed were Tyranomon and Agumon. Gameplay. The Digimon game consists of the following functions: Device operation. The original Digimon Device has three buttons and one reset button, located to the right of the screen. The top "A" button scrolls through the icons and options on the screens. The middle "B" button activates the selected function. The bottom "C" button cancels out whatever is on the screen. Additionally, Pressing "A" and "C" simultaneously toggles the sound, which mutes or unmutes  the device. The reset button could only be pressed with a pen or other sharp object. There is a metal contact on the edge of the device. Two Digimon Devices can send its Digimon to battle each other by aligning the metal contacts to come into contact with each other. Changes for US market. When the product brought to the US, elements such as the "Megalithic Mainframe" were added to soften the concept of death (thus Digimon cannot die, but instead return to a fictional world). Devimon was renamed Darkmon and Monzaemon was renamed Teddymon. These names were never  used in the franchise again, as the games and anime would use Devimon and Monzaemon. Digimon Pendulums. Original Pendulum series. In 1998, Bandai released a follow-up virtual pet series known as Pendulums which features higher evolution levels and is the first to introduce the Jogress function which enable combination between certain type of digimons. The pendulum is used to count the number of times the device has been shaken. Five versions of the Digimon Pendulum were released which is Nature Spirit for version 1, Deep Savers for version 2, Nightmare Soldier for version 3, Wind Guardian for version 4  and finally Metal Empire for version 5. Each of these being followed by a 0.5 version which contained a slightly-altered character lineup. A Version 0 representing Virus Busters was also later released. Pendulum Progress series. Pendulum Progress was the successor of the original Pendulum series. There are three in total; the Pendulum Progress is an upgrade similar to the Tamagotchi Connection. The character lineup on each is expanded and it retains the pendulum feature that became a series standard; it also has the ability to have the current monster fight a computer monster in battle as opposed to linking  up with another device. Pendulum X series. The successor of the Pendulum Progress, the Pendulum X series, was released in 2003. It combined the RPG elements of the Digivice games with the standard pet-raising. Unlike its predecessors, the Pendulum X line was accompanied by a story titled , which was told mostly through prose text interspersed with short, non-sequitur six-page manga comics printed in the booklets. There were four "chapters", one sold with each progressive version of the Pendulum X. Plot. In this storyline, the Digital World is controlled by an intelligent computer named Yggdrasil. Digimon have multiplied  so much that Yggdrasil is unable to handle the load and the Digital Hazard occurs. This leads to the creation of the "New Digital World", which consists of three layers known as Urd (past), Versandi (present), and Skuld (future). Yggdrasil then lets loose the Project Ark as well as the X Program to eliminate any Digimon it no longer wants. However, some Digimon adapt by obtaining a program called the X-Antibody, which strengthens them, changes their appearances, and immunizes them against the X Program. Yggdrasil sends in the thirteen Royal Knights to keep order in the Digital World. After  that, three human boys, Kouta, Yuuji, and Shinji, find their way into the Digital World and meet their respective partner Digimon, Dorumon, Ryuudamon and Omnimon X. Kouta and Yuuji resist Yggdrasil and the Royal Knights, while Shinji sides with the computer and the thirteen Digimon. 15 years later, in 2019, the Manga received a sequel titled "Digimon Chronicle X", which followed the story of the Royal Knights and Seven Great Demon Lords fighting against each other in their X forms. Digimon Mini. The Digimon Mini is modeled similarly to the original pets but at a much smaller size. The character  set has been minimized toot functions are limited. For example, there is no status screen to view the Digimon's hunger. The player must simply feed it when it is hungry. The Mini also uses the three-prong connector; it is thus compatible with the Pendulum X, the Digimon Accelerator, and the Digimon iC. The third Mini updates the character roster, expanding the available Digimon from 13 to 18. WonderSwan. Digital Monster Ver. WonderSwan is a Japanese handheld version of the original Digimon pet for the WonderSwan. It includes all of the original Digimon from the first four virtual pet  devices and the first pendulum device. In this game the player can have up to eight different Digimon with them at a time. It has computer-controlled opponents to battle with. The game has the ability to connect to another WonderSwan through a special link cable. It can also hook up to the original pets through a Digimon "dock N rock" connector. Digimon 20th anniversary. Digimon Original 20th anniversary. In 2017, a 20th anniversary edition of the original Digimon pet was released in Japan which allows the owner to choose from any of the eggs from the first five versions  of the original toy, as well as several new ones unlocked through various methods. This edition was released worldwide in 2019, the anniversary of the franchise outside of its home country. The English release is available in 5 versions with 3 colors each. Digimon Pendulum 20th anniversary. In June 2018, a 20th anniversary edition of the Digimon Pendulum series was released. It is currently available exclusively in Japan. Digimon X. In March 2019, Bandai released Digimon X, an updated version of the original Digimon virtual pet that combines features of the 20th anniversary release and the Pendulum X series. This  new version features RPG-like gameplay that allows Digimon to earn experience points and level up through battles. The English language release was in October 2021 and is available in 4 versions with 2 colors each. Digimon Pendulum Z. In November 2020, the Pendulum Z series was released. It is available exclusively in Japan.