Messenger Feast
The Messenger Feast or Kivgiq, Kevgiq ("Kivgiġñiq" in Iñupiaq dialect of North Slope Borough, "Kivgiqsuat" in King Island Iñupiaq, "Kevgiq" in Yup'ik), is a celebratory mid-winter festival in Alaska traditionally held by Iñupiaq (Tikiġaġmiut, Nunamiut...) and Yup'ik peoples after a strong whale harvest. The event died out early in the twentieth century, when Presbyterian missionaries in the area tried to eliminate traditional ceremonies. Shamanistic rituals are no longer practiced, although some elders have information about these rites. Song and dance have continued to be celebrated by Alaska Natives. It was named for the two messengers sent to  invite the guest village to the festival. Two Messengers ("kivgak" dual "kivgaq" sg in Iñupaq; "kevgak" dual "kevgaq" sg in Yup'ik) would travel from host village to another village to invite the people to the Kivgiq. Since the late 20th century, this festival has been held almost every year, but "officially" is held every two or three years in late January or early February. It is called at the discretion of the North Slope Borough Mayor. Kivgiq is an international event that attracts visitors from around the Arctic Circle. Iñupiat people had celebrated Kivgiq for many centuries. However, the earlier  representations of Kivgiq were discontinued in the early 20th century due to social, economical, and environmental pressures. In 1988, after a lapse of more than 70 years, the modern Kivgiq was reconstructed. It is intended to inspire each Iñupiaq with an even stronger collective identity and enhanced ethnic pride.