Sachi Sri Kantha
Sachithanantham Sri Kantha (born 8 May 1953) is a Sri Lanka-born scientist, historian and bilingual author. He has been residing in Japan since 1986, and became a naturalised Japanese citizen in 2016. Education. A native of Point Pedro, Sri Lanka, Sachi Sri Kantha received his early education in 1960s at the Colombo Hindu College (Bambalapitiya and Ratmalana) and at the Aquinas University College, Colombo. In 1972, he entered University of Colombo and graduated in Zoology in 1976. During his undergraduate days, he was active in Tamil student drama circle, and held the presidency of University of  Colombo Tamil Society during 1974–75, when it celebrated its Golden Jubilee. Subsequently, he earned his master's degree in biochemistry from University of Peradeniya (1980). While at this university, Sri Kantha also actively engaged students in Tamil dramas by directing a few in cultural festivals. For doctoral studies, Sri Kantha left for USA in 1981 and earned his first Ph.D. in Food Chemistry from University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign (1986). Then, he moved to Japan as a Monbusho scholar at the University of Tokyo during 1986–88 and was awarded a second Ph.D. in Marine Biochemistry in 1989. Career. During his  second post-doctoral stint (1989–90) at the then Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Sri Kantha collected material for his first reference book. "Prostitutes in Medical Literature: an annotated bibliography" (1991). David Friedrichs, reviewing this work for the "American Reference Books Annual 1992", indicated, "Currently, of course, there is intense concern with prostitution as a source for the transmission of AIDS. Accordingly, the extensive list of relevant items will be exceptionally useful to researchers." Vern Bullough and Lilli Sentz annotated this book as, "Is somewhat broader than the title indicates and includes general and history, anthropology, sociology, psychology and mental health . Particularly good on sexually transmitted diseases." After moving to Japan in 1991 to join the group of Osamu Hayaishi (1991–94) at the Osaka Bioscience Institute, Sri Kantha worked on his second reference book, "An Einstein Dictionary" (1996). This work received mixed reviews. While George Eberhart recommended ‘this volume is useful as a quick fact-finder’ and Laurie Brown found it ‘more interesting reading, because of its colorful entries and extensive bibliography and index’, C.D. Hurt criticized it for ‘inequalities in the typeface fonts between the main text and disconcerting tables’ Since 2000, Sri Kantha joined the academia as an associate  professor at the Gifu University and had continued his career as visiting professor at the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute (2002–05) and Gifu Pharmaceutical University (2006–10). He returned to the Center for General Education, Gifu University, again as an associate professor, from 2010 to 2016, and continued as a visiting professor at the United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGSAS), Gifu University, teaching science paper writing and researcher ethics for graduate students. In 2000, he received recognition in the reference work "Contemporary Authors" series. Scientific contributions. In 1991, Sri Kantha wrote a paper on the nomination nepotism in the awarding  of Nobel prizes, claiming that many prizes given between 1901 and 1937 were not based solely on merit but rather were motivated by preference in the German research community. In 1992, Sri Kantha published a paper on the prolific productivity of eight prominent scientists, among whom three (Paul Karrer, Giulio Natta and Herbert C. Brown) were chemistry Nobel laureates. As these scientists have published over 1,000 research publications, he gave a humorous tag "Kilo Base Goliaths" (KBGs) for these super achievers in the laboratory. While commenting on this paper, Marsh Tenney added that among physiologists, Swiss physiologist Albrecht von Haller  (1708-1777) should hold the record for writing some 13,000 scientific papers, but I suspect that number more correctly includes his poems and other short pieces that were not scientific. Nonetheless, after they are properly accounted, the record is still astonishing. Recently John Ioannidis and his colleagues had proposed an almost identical phrase ‘hyper-prolific authors’ for the same group of super achievers, identified as ‘Kilo Base Goliaths’, by Sri Kantha in 1992. In 1996, Sri Kantha proposed a new term ‘galactic organism with distinct intelligence’ (GODI), for extraterrestrial forms, with which humans can make contact. This is because, among  the other two popular acronyms, unidentified flying object (UFO) projects a sense of mysticism and extraterrestrials (ET) do not distinguish clearly distinguish microorganisms without intelligence and intelligent human-like life forms. He also identified that the bottleneck factor in inter-stellar travel by humans was the current rocket velocity of 28,000 km/hr. This needs to be increased 3,600 fold to reach the one-tenth speed of light for inter-stellar travel. Sri Kantha also published a novel hypothesis on the premature death of chemist-inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) in 1997. Commenting on this hypothesis, K.M. Reese  wrote, ‘Kantha bases his hypothesis in part on the memoirs of Ragnar Sohlman, Nobel’s personal assistant during the last three years of his life. He also drew on Nobel’s letters and recent knowledge of nitroglycerine poisoning. After studying a cluster of 35 centenarian scientists, Sri Kantha proposed in 2001 that such centenarian scientists are an unusual cluster first formed in the 20th century. When K.M. Reese annotated the "Lancet" letter of Sri Kantha in his weekly column to the "Chemical and Engineering News", many American readers contributed the names of chemists and inventors who did become centenarians in  the 20th century. Furthermore, in 2003, while being affiliated to the Primate Research Center of Kyoto University, Sri Kantha posed a somewhat controversial query, ‘Is somnambulism a distinct disorder of humans and not seen in non-human primates?’ Answer to this question still eludes primatologists, geneticists and medical researchers. In 2016, Sri Kantha proposed a four-fold classification on love bites or monkey bites based on trauma grade. These are, type 1 (consensual sex play), type 2 (consensual sex play sliding into sexual aggression), type 3 (sexual aggression of hetero variety) and type 4 (self biting of auto variety). While  type 1 is the most discussed occurrence among willing partners, other three types may become serious and need medical attention. Influenced by the scientometric contributions of Eugene Garfield, Sri Kantha had also published on the scientific productivity and unusual creativity of some elite scientists including Alfred Nobel, Albert Einstein, Karl Landsteiner, Sigmund Freud, Bertrand Russell, Francis Crick and William Masters Work as a biographer. In 2005, Sri Kantha published his 640-page biography book on Velupillai Prabhakaran (1954-2009), the leader of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). It was entitled, "‘Pirabhakaran Phenomenon’". According to him, ‘Though the book is  entitled as "‘Pirabhakaran Phenomenon’", what I have attempted was also a recent history of Eelam Tamils since 1975. Why I have labored with this contribution? Because I subscribe to the dictum, "Veritas quae minime defensatur opprimitur; et qui non improbab, approbat" (Truth which is not sufficiently defended is overpowered; and he who does not disapprove, approves.) Since December 2012, Sri Kantha is currently serializing a biography on M.G. Ramachandran (aka MGR, 1917-1987), the renowned stage-cinema actor and Tamil Nadu politician, in a Tamil ethnic community website. This series, as well as the assorted essays, of Sri Kantha has  now become source materials for noted personalities who placed their imprints in the Tamil movie world S.S. Rajendran, Sivaji Ganesan, Pattukoddai Kalyanasundaram, Ellis R. Dungan, A.S.A. Sami and K. Thavamani Devi ) and for MGR’s movies (Nadodi Mannan, Madurai Veeran, Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum, Anbe Vaa, Petralthan Pillaiya, Rickshawkaran ) for Wikipedia entries.