Sperry Land and Sea Triplane
The Sperry Land and Sea Triplane was an American three seat amphibious aircraft designed as a coastal reconnaissance/bomber. Two examples were built and tested for the U.S. Navy towards the end of the First World War. The machine performed well on land and water, but no orders were placed. Design and development. Aircraft designer and aviation pioneer Alfred Verville working with Lawrence Sperry, conceived the aircraft to perform a similar role as the Curtiss HS series of flying boats, with the added ability to operate from land bases. The machine was an equal span  two bay triplane with N-type interplane struts of all wood construction. Power was provided by a Liberty L-12 water cooled engine turning a four bladed fixed wooden propeller in a pusher configuration. The outrigger style empennage consisted of a single large vertical stabilizer and tailplane connected to the center main wing with two horizontal tubular spars. Two vertical struts were attached to the aft end of each tube spar and met at the extreme rear of the fuselage forming a very robust triangular structure. The high mounting of the tail was designed to prevent damage in heavy seas. When  operating on the water with the engine off, the craft was much more seaworthy running "backwards" into the wind due to its hull design. Because of this, a unique tailskid could be folded down into a vertical drag position to make the machine lie tail into the wind. The retractable hand-operated main landing gear pivoted upward to allow take offs and landings on water and the wheel assemblies could also be jettisoned after takeoff, increasing range and performance, but necessitating a water landing. The Sperry Land and Sea Triplane was one of the first American aircraft to make use  of retractable landing gear, developed by Sperry in 1915.