Joseph Ngalula
Joseph Ngalula Mpandajila (born 12 December 1928) is a Congolese writer and politician. Biography. Joseph Ngalula was born on 12 December 1928 in Lusambo, Belgian Congo to a Baluba family. He undertook six years of primary education and five years of professional courses. He was fluent in English and French. In June 1960 Barthélemy Mukenge was elected President of Kasai Province by the provincial assembly. Unhappy with the results, on 14 June the assembly opposition declared their own provincial government under Ngalula. On 16 June 1960 Ngalula was appointed Kasai Minister of Economic Affairs by Mukenge without consultation . On 9 August Albert Kalonji declared that the south-eastern region of the province was seceding to form the Autonomous State of South Kasai and appointed Ngalula its Prime Minister. In July 1961 the relationship between the two deteriorated, and Ngalula was driven into exile. Since he had been the person chiefly responsible for the organisation of the state, South Kasai's administration broke down following his departure. He subsequently established his own political party, the Democratic Union, to oppose the Kalonjists. In August 1961 he was appointed Minister of Education under Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula. He held the post  until April 1963. Ngalula was one of the Members of Parliament who signed an open letter to Zaire's President Mobutu Sese Seko in 1980. Later, he co-founded the opposition party UDPS, together with Étienne Tshisekedi, Marcel Lihau, and others. Because of his engagement in the political opposition to Mobutu, he was imprisoned, banished, and pardoned several times. Ngalula was elected to the Senate in 2007.