Gunnedah
Gunnedah is a town in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia and is the seat of the Gunnedah Shire local government area. In the the town recorded a population of 9,726. Gunnedah is situated within the Liverpool Plains, a fertile agricultural region, with 80% of the surrounding shire area devoted to farming. The Namoi River flows west then north-west through the town providing water beneficial to agricultural operations in the area. The Gunnedah area is a significant producer of cotton, coal, beef, lamb and pork, and cereal and oilseed grains. Gunnedah is also home to AgQuip, Australia's  largest annual agricultural field day. Gunnedah is located on the Oxley and Kamilaroi Highways providing convenient road links to much of the northern sector of the state including to the regional centre Tamworth, distant. The town has a station on the Mungindi railway line and is served by the daily NSW TrainLink Xplorer passenger service to and from Sydney and Moree. It claims the title "Koala Capital of World". In recent years the local shire council has moved away from this promotional tagline and there are concerns over the health of the local koala population and the impacts of climate  change and local mining developments on koala habitat. History. Gunnedah and the surrounding areas were originally inhabited by Aboriginal Australians speaking the Kamilaroi (Gamilaraay) language. The name of the town in Kamilaroi means "Place of White Stones". The area now occupied by the town was settled by European sheep farmers in 1833 or 1834. With settlement in the area focused on wool production, Gunnedah was initially known as 'The Woolshed' until taking its name from the local Indigenous people who called themselves the "Gunn-e-darr", the most famous of whom was Cumbo Gunnerah. Dorothea Mackellar wrote her famous poem  My Country (popularly known as "I Love a Sunburnt Country") about her family's farm near Gunnedah. This is remembered by the annual Dorothea Mackellar Poetry Awards for school students held in Gunnedah. The town is the home town of supermodels Miranda Kerr and Erica Packer. Coal was discovered on Black Jack Hill in 1877. By 1891, 6,000 tons of coal had been raised from shafts. The Gunnedah Colliery Company was registered in May 1899 and by 22 June a private railway some in length had been completed from the railway station to their mine. In September 1957, the Government  Railway took over the working of the line. In early 2012, Gunnedah experienced a mining boom resulting in rental properties being leased by mining companies for up to $1,350 per week. Heritage listings. Gunnedah has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Population. According to the 2016 census of Population, there are 9,726 people in Gunnedah. Sports. The most popular sport in Gunnedah by a wide margin is Rugby league. The local team, the Gunnedah Bulldogs, play out of Kitchener Park. They compete in the Group 4 Rugby League competition, in which they have won seven premierships. Other sports  teams include the Gunnedah AFL Bulldogs and Gunnedah Red Devils RUFC. Geography. Gunnedah Shire is situated above sea level on the Liverpool Plains in the Namoi River valley. It is very flat; the tallest hills are above sea level. The climate is hot in summer, mild in winter and dry, although rainstorms in catchment areas occasionally cause flooding of the Namoi River. Major floods cut transport links to the town, briefly isolating it from the outside world. The town is located on a rich coal seam and within the northern New South Wales wheat belt. The Gunnedah area is noted  for its abundance of native wildlife, including kangaroos, echidnas and koalas. Koalas can often be found in trees within the town, as well as in the surrounding countryside with the help of signs placed by the local tourist centre. The koala population is considered to be the largest koala colony in the state, west of the Great Dividing Range. Climate. Gunnedah has a humid subtropical climate with temperatures regularly rising above 40 °C in summer and dropping below 0 °C in winter, being one of the few Australian towns to experience temperature variations like this. This is partly  due to the town's location on the boundary region between the cool Northern Tablelands of the Great Dividing Range and the hot, dry North West Slopes of New South Wales, having climate characteristics of both regions. Its average annual rainfall is , which is spread throughout the year, however severe thunderstorms in the summer months often cause heavy downpours which boost rainfall totals. The highest daily maximum temperature recorded was , on 24 January 1882; the lowest daily maximum temperature recorded was , on 4 August 1921. Snowfall is very rare, with the most recent occurrence in 1984. Education. Gunnedah has three  secondary schools: Gunnedah High School, Carinya Christian school and St Mary's College. There are three government (Gunnedah Public School, Gunnedah South Public School, and G.S. Kidd Memorial School) and two non-government (St Xavier's Catholic School and Carinya Christian School) primary schools. A campus of the New England Institute of TAFE is also located within the town. Media. Local media include the "Gunnedah Times" and "Namoi Valley Independent" newspapers and the radio stations 2MO and 2GGG. The "Namoi Valley Independent", published by Australian Community Media, switched to a digital-only newspaper model in 2020. The "Gunnedah Times" started  as a print newspaper in November 2020 and is published by the Dunnet family, of Narrabri, who also publishes the bi-weekly "The Courier" newspaper in Narrabri. 2MO began broadcasting in 1930 and was only the fourth Radio Licence issued in Australia, being the first station established in Australia outside a capital city. Transport. The Oxley Highway and the Kamilaroi Highway both pass through Gunnedah, for a short distance, concurrently. The Oxley Highway leads to Tamworth in the east and Coonabarabran to the west. The Kamilaroi Highway leads to Quirindi to the south-east and Boggabri to the north-west . Railway station. Gunnedah railway station is situated on the Mungindi (or North West) railway line, from Sydney. The station, opened in 1879, consists of a substantial station building on a single side platform, a passing loop and small goods yard. There are also sidings serving an adjacent flour mill. To the west of the station there are extensive sidings serving grain silos and loop sidings serving coal loading facilities. For a brief three-year period after the railway arrived in Gunnedah it was the railhead until construction was completed to Boggabri and then to Narrabri South Junction in 1882. Currently  a single daily Xplorer diesel railmotor operating between Sydney and Moree serves the station.