Jalgaon district
Jalgaon (Marathi pronunciation: ]) is a district in the northern part of Maharashtra, India. The headquarters is the city of Jalgaon. It is bordered by the state of Madhya Pradesh to the north and by the districts of Buldhana to the east, Jalna to the southeast, Aurangabad to the south, Nashik to the southwest, and Dhule to the west. History. In 10th and 11th century A.D. Jalgaon district constituted a part of Seuna-Desa of Yadav kingdom. In March 1795 Marathas defeated Nizam of Ahmadnagar and Jalgaon became part of Maratha Kingdom. Before 1906, this district's name was  Khandesh district. In 1906 it got divided into two districts called, East Khandesh and West Khandesh, with East Khandesh covering the territory that is now Jalgaon and neighboring Dhule. After the 1956 reorganisation of India's states, East Khandesh became part of Bombay State. Four years later, in 1960, it became part of the newly formed Maharashtra and was renamed Jalgaon and Dhulia Districts, respectively. Education. Till 1960-61 there were only two colleges in Jalgaon district Mooljee Jetha Arts and Science college and Pratap college at Amalner. These colleges was affiliated to Poona University. Around 1961, three more colleges  started at Chalisgaon, Bhusawal and Faizpur. Railways. In British Raj, the building of railway line in the limit of Khandesh district started in 1852 and opened for trains in 1861 and 1865.before there was no railway transportation in the district. The British government also built a number of small station like Jalgaon, Nashirabad Bhadli, Varangaon, Nadgaon stations in the cost of £ 300to £500 (Rs 3000 - 15,000) with a station master's room and booking office. There has been built a big station at Bhusawal. Geography. The district covers an area of 11,765 km². Climate. On average, Jalgaon receives  between 77 cm and 80 cm of rainfall per year. In the easternmost part of the district—i.e., in Yawal—the average annual rainfall is 77 cm; in Bhusawal, Pachora, and the city of Jalgaon, it is 79 cm; and in Jamner, it is 80 cm. Rivers. The Tapi River flows through Jalgaon from the north. Its total length is 724 km, of which 208 km are in Maharashtra. The Tapti has numerous tributaries in and around the district, including the Purna, Aner, Bhuleshwari, Biswa, Chandrabhaga, Dolar, Gadgi, Kapara, Katpurna, Man, Morana, Nalganga, Nand, Pedhi, Sipana, and Wan Rivers. Divisions . Jalgaon district consists of 15 "talukas", or "tehsils": Dharangaon, Amalner, Bhadgaon, Bhusawal, Bodwad, Chalisgaon, Chopda, Erandol, Jalgaon, Jamner, Muktainagar, Pachora, Parola, Raver, and Yawal. Jalgaon city is the administrative headquarters. The district has 11 constituencies in the Vidhan Sabha, the state legislative assembly: Amalner, Bhusawal, Chalisgaon, Chopda, Erandol, Jalgaon City, Jalgaon Rural, Jamner, Muktainagar, Pachora, and Raver. It has two constituencies in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament: Raver and Jalgaon. Demographics. It has a population of 4,229,917 as of the 2011 census. As of the 2011 census, Jalgaon district had a population of 4,229,917, roughly  equal to that of the Republic of the Congo or the United States' state of Kentucky. It is the 46th most populous of India's 640 districts. The population density is . The population growth rate from 2001–11 was 14.71%. Jalgaon has a sex ratio of 922 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 79.73%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 9.20% and 14.28% of the population respectively. Languages. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 63.45% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 12.15% Khandeshi, 7.74% Urdu, 6.02% Hindi, 2.33% Banjari, 1.61% Bhili , 1.47% Pawri and 1.00% Tadvi as their first language. Education. North Maharashtra University named for Kavayatri Bahinabai Chaudhari was established in the city of Jalgaon on 15 August 1989 and serves as the regional university. Government Polytechnic Jalgaon was established in 1960. The district is also home to schools and colleges of the Khandesh Education Society and Maratha Vidya Prasarak Mandal and the Government Polytechnic Jalgaon. Medical Education. Government Medical College, Jalgaon is a tertiary medical college in Jalgaon that was established in 2018 and offers under graduate course in MBBS. Dr. Ulhas Patil Medical college. is a privately operated  medical college. Literature. Jalgaon district is well known as birth place of renowned Marathi poet Bahinabai Chaudhari , who wrote many poems addressing to the village life and about rural womens and hardship of farmers of the district. Balkawi alias Trambak Bapuji Thombre was born in Jalgaon. To honor literary work of Bahinabai North Maharashtra University adapted her name and now the university is known as Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University. Economy. The district is well known for its significant banana cultivation. The district's administrative center, Jalgaon city, is a well known hub for gold jewellery shopping and business. The  Bhusawal Thermal Power Station is near Bhusaval. Media. The major Marathi-language newspapers published in Jalgaon are "Deshdoot", "Deshonnati", "Divya Marathi", "Lokmat", the "Maharashtra Times", and "Sakal".