Louis Figuier
Louis Figuier (15 February 1819 – 8 November 1894) was a French scientist and writer. He was the nephew of Pierre-Oscar Figuier and became Professor of chemistry at L'Ecole de pharmacie of Montpellier. Louis Figuier was married to French writer Louise Juliette Bouscaren. Career. Figuier became Doctor of Medicine (1841), agrégé of pharmacology, chemistry (1844–1853) and physics and gained his PhD in (1850). Figuier was appointed professor at L'Ecole de Pharmacie of Paris after leaving Montpellier. In his research he found himself opposed to Claude Bernard; as a result of this conflict, he abandoned his research to devote  himself to popular science. He edited and published a yearbook from 1857 to 1894 – "L'Année scientifique et industrielle" (or "Exposé annuel des travaux") – in which he compiled an inventory of the scientific discoveries of the year (it was continued after his death until 1914). He was the author of numerous successful works: "Les Grandes inventions anciennes et modernes" (1861), "Le Savant du foyer" (1862), "La Terre avant le déluge" (1863) illustrated by Édouard Riou, "La Terre et les mers" (1864), "Les Merveilles de la science" (1867–1891). Influenced by Charles Lyell's "Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man" of 1863 , the 1867 second edition of "La Terre avant le déluge" abandoned the Garden of Eden shown in the first edition, and included dramatic illustrations of savage men and women wearing animal skins and wielding stone axes.