Shahin Najafi
Morteza Najafipoor Moghaddam (; born 10 September 1980), better known as Shahin Najafi (), is an Iranian musician, singer, composer, songwriter, poet, author, and political activist. Najafi's songs mostly deal with issues such as theocracy, poverty, sexism, censorship, child labor, execution, drug addiction and homophobia. In interviews, he has stated that he strives to use poetic, literary, philosophical and political elements in his music. Early life. Shahin Najafi was born in 1980 in Bandar-e Anzali, Iran. When he was six years old, his father died, and later his brother became a drug addict and also died. He began  writing poetry as a teenager and began learning the guitar in the classical and flamenco styles at the age of 18. He then became an underground artist in Iran, performing in both rock and Spanish music styles, working with various bands. He studied sociology at the University of Gilan and openly expressed his opinions about the university, leading to him getting expelled. Music career. Immigration to Germany. Najafi was head of an underground music band in Iran before his immigration to Germany, but he was banned for his offenses towards the Islamic faith in Iran by the Iranian government after  his second music show. He was also the head of the Inan music band in Germany. Then he joined the Tapesh 2012 music band. Tapesh 2012 were welcomed by Persian broadcasters and the international media by political and social songs and poems of Najafi. An article published in No. 19194 of the conservative newspaper "Kayhan" on 29 September 2008 criticized Tapesh 2012's activities. "Kayhan" published the article titled "Establishing democracy with drum & circle". A part of it goes as follows: Release of first studio album. On 1 May 2008, Najafi released his first studio album, "Ma mard nistim" (We  Are Not Men), with partnership and composition of the Tapesh 2012 music band. This album was his official and professional beginning in Persian hip hop music. The album attracted the audience and listener more than any album before it was released in Persian hip hop style. Separation from Tapesh 2012. Najafi ended cooperation with Tapesh 2012 from the beginning of 2009. A variety of reasons have been proposed related to his separation from this group. The main reason is releasing the "Around us" single song in Voice of America TV without permission. The supervisor of Tapesh 2012 later apologised to  Najafi and stated: the song has been inadvertently released in Voice of America TV. Najafi accepted the apology. Reaction to the 2009 Iranian presidential election. After the Iranian election protests, Najafi released a single named "Neda" in July 2009 dedicated to Neda Agha-Soltan, an activist killed during the protests. He released his second studio album titled "Tavahhom" (Illusion) on 19 September 2009 by the German-Iranian publishing house "Pamas-Verlag". In this album, several songs are about the intense protests against the Iranian government and the political oppression that occurred after the presidential election. Can be cited to "Vaghti  khoda khabe (When God is asleep)" through these songs. The song's lyrics protest the 2009 Iran poll protests trial, militia violence, the use of torture on prisoners and the Supreme Leader of Iran. Formation of Antikarisma. He formed a new rock band as Antikarisma band in January 2010. The new band, Antikarisma, consists of Najafi, Babak Khazaei, Armin Mostaed, and Pejman Afshari, who live in Germany. Fatwas and death threats. Following the release of the song "Ay Naghi!" ("Hey, Naghi!"), Grand Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, a then 93-year-old Shi’ite cleric based in Qom, issued a fatwa death  sentence against Najafi for apostasy. Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem-Shirazi, a "source of emulation" for many Shia Muslims, also issued a fatwa declaring Najafi guilty of apostasy. As of 15 May 2012, more than 800 people in Iran had joined a Facebook campaign calling for Najafi to be executed, saying they were ready to assassinate him if necessary. An Iranian web site, Shia-Online.ir, offered a US$100,000 bounty to anyone who killed Najafi. In May 2012, the online site HonareNab.ir posted an online "Shoot the Apostates" flash computer game inviting people to shoot and kill Najafi. "Those who love Imam  Hadi can practice killing Shahin Najafi by playing this flash game," said Honar Nab Eslam, who developed the game. On 25 May 2012, Shiite cleric Ahmad Alamolhoda demanded a plan to execute Najafi. In June 2012, forty authors of the Rah-e Nikan religious publishing house promised to give royalties from their books to whoever killed Najafi. The song has drawn sharp anger from protesters who believe it is offensive towards Imam Naghi, the 10th Imam in Shi’ite Islam. In an interview, Najafi stated that he was inspired by "The Campaign to Remind Shiites about Imam Naghi" to compose the  song. The campaign is a Facebook page that pokes fun at Islamic, and specifically Shi'ite, hadiths, with members creating fake, funny hadiths and stories centered around a fictional character named Naghi, who is based on Imam Naghi. 2012 US tour. Najafi started a United States tour in 2012, starting with a talk on 30 September, and later a concert on 16 November at University of California, Berkeley, events sponsored by Iranian Student Alliance in United States of America. He continued the tour in UC San Diego on 18 November. Political and social activities. In addition to individual work in his  concerts and campaign songs, Najafi had many performances on various political and social occasions. In October 2008, he had a music show on "Peace Conference" in Germany. In August 2009, with some poets and writers in shows of ""Night of solidarity with the liberal struggle"", Najafi had a protest rock show in Stockholm, Sweden. In December 2009, coinciding with "Student Day" in Iran, Najafi with Ziba Shirazi had a protest music show at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. Movie. Till Schauder released a documentary called "When God Sleeps" based on the life of Najafi, with the production of Sara Nodjoumi. "The  Hollywood Reporter" puts it in a report on the film between the 23 films at the Tribeca Film Festival. The film is made in 88 minutes in German, Persian and English, and is in the midst of a 2015 terrorist attack. The film is about the details of Shahin's life and, in general, the fatwa of apostasy and life under the shadow of this fatwa.