Vehicle restriction in São Paulo
Rodízio veicular, or vehicle restriction, is a restriction on traffic in São Paulo, Brazil, during peak travel times. It is based on the last digit of the vehicle's number plate. São Paulo is the largest metropolis in the world with a permanent alternate-day travel restriction. The scheme was first implemented in 1995 as a trial on a voluntary basis, and then as a mandatory restriction implemented in August 1996 to mitigate air pollution, and thereafter made permanent in June 1997 to relieve traffic congestion. The driving restriction applies to passenger cars and commercial  vehicles, and it is based on the last digit of the licence plate. Two numbers are restricted to travel every day between 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. from Monday through Friday. Vehicles exempted from the restriction include buses and other urban transportation vehicles, school buses, ambulances and other medical services vehicles, mail and fire cars and trucks, police and military vehicles, cash-in-transit armored vehicles, vehicles delivering perishable food products, properly registered vehicles for use by people with disabilities, and other public utility vehicles. In May 2014 the City Council approved a law  to exempt plug-in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel-cell vehicles with a licence plate registered in the city from the restriction. The benefits for electric-drive vehicles went into effect in September 2015. The offence results in a "medium" number of 4 points (out of a maximum of 20) on the Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (Brazilian driving licence). the fine is R$130.16, reduced to R$104.13 if paid promptly.