Kyiv Pumped Storage Power Plant
The Kyiv Pumped-Storage Power Plant () is a pumped-storage power station on the west bank of the Kyiv Reservoir in Vyshhorod, Ukraine. The Kyiv Reservoir serves as the lower reservoir and the upper reservoir is located above the lower. Water sent from the upper reservoir generates electricity with three conventional hydroelectric generators and three reversible pump-generators. During periods of low demand, such as night time, the pump-generators push water from the lower reservoir to the upper for use during peak hours. The first generator was commissioned in 1970, the last in 1972 . Specifications. The building of the pumped-storage power plant is connected with the upper basin by 6 pressure reinforced concrete and metal pipelines with a diameter of 3.8 m. Upper basin created at a height of 70 m above the level of the Kiev reservoir with a useful volume - 3700000 cubic meters, where during the night decrease in energy consumption in the power system water is pumped. The upper reservoir is discharged in the evening hours at the time of the highest power consumption in the power system. Surface area - 0.67 sq. km, length - 1.45 km. Response depth - 6,7 m.  The reservoir on the Dnieper River serves as the lower reservoir of the pumped storage power plant. Main characteristics. The main facilities of the pumped-storage power plant include: the upper pumped-storage basin, the power plant building and the installation site. Six vertical hydroelectric units are installed in the building of the pumped-storage power plant. Three 41,5 MW units with radial axial turbines and three with pump-turbines with 37 MW each in generator mode and 43 MW in pump mode. The installed capacity of the hydroelectric power plant is 235.5 MW, and 135 MW in pumping mode . Operating in pumping mode, the power plant fills the upper basin in 6 hours. Reconstruction. I stage At the initial stage of operation of the pump-turbine units, complications arose due to significant vibration of the guide vanes. Vibration in different points of the hydro unit even with the optimal opening of the guide apparatus reached above the permitted. Vibration studies of the main pump-turbine hydroelectric units of Kyivskaya HPP revealed the need to reconstruct the hydro-turbine equipment. In 1987-1989 the pump-turbine equipment was reconstructed, namely: II stage After the above reconstruction, the vibration characteristics of  the hydraulic units were reduced to normal. The rated capacity of the pump-turbine unit in generator mode was increased from 33.4 MW to 37 MW. At the same time the mechanical speed controllers of PM-100 type on all hydroelectric units were replaced by the modern electro-hydraulic controllers of EGR-21M-100-11 type. This significantly increased the reliability of hydraulic unit control. From 1997 to 2002 the electrical equipment was reconstructed and installed: At Kyivska HPP in 2010-2014, reconstruction of hydroelectric units - motors with replacement of stator winding was performed. Speed regulators, excitation systems on all hydroelectric units and  control systems were replaced. The plant process equipment (pneumatic system, regulation system) was reconstructed; new cells were installed on 10 kV auxiliary equipment with replacement of cable networks. The frequency start system for hydraulic units GD-1, GD-3, GD-5 in pumping mode was assembled and adjusted. ASCE (Automated System of Commercial Energy Metering) system was commissioned. At present, works are being carried out at Kyiv HEPP under the UHE / TFCS1 / C / 3-13 contract for the reconstruction of Hydraulic Units 2, 4, and 6 with financing from the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. On October  1, 2019, hydroelectric unit No. 2 was put into commercial operation after reconstruction, while on October 28, 2020, hydroelectric unit No. 6 was put into operation. Due to the new turbine and generator installed, the increase in hydro capacity of one hydro unit increased by 5.8 MW, the total - 46.8 MW. Reconstruction of hydroelectric unit No. 4 is currently underway.