Abraham Maimonides
Abraham Maimonides (אברהם בן רמב"ם; also known as Rabbeinu Avraham ben ha-Rambam, and Avraham Maimuni) (1186 – December 7, 1237) was the son of Maimonides who succeeded his father as Nagid of the Egyptian Jewish community. Biography. Avraham was born in Fostat, Egypt - his father, Maimonides, was fifty-one years old then. The boy was "modest, highly refined and unusually good natured"; he was also noted for his brilliant intellect and even while a youth became known as a great scholar. When his father died in 1204 at the age of sixty-nine, and Avraham was only nineteen , Avraham was recognised as the greatest scholar in his community. Thus, he succeeded "Rambam" as "Nagid" (head of the Egyptian Jews), as well as in the office of court physician, at the age of only eighteen. (The office of "nagid" was held by the Maimonides family for four successive generations until the end of the 14th century). After his appointment, the family of Sar Shalom ben Moses (a bitter rival of Maimonides) attempted to undermine his power by falsely claiming that he attempted to Islamize synagogue liturgy. Rabbi Avraham greatly honored the memory of his father, and defended his writings  and works against all critics. Due to his influence, a large Egyptian Karaite community returned to the fold of Rabbinic Judaism. The Jews of Yemen are known to have maintained contact with Rabbi Avraham while he served as head of the Jewish community in Egypt, sending to him some thirteen questions relating to "halacha", to which questions he replied in his own succinct way. Works. Avraham Maimuni's best known work is his "Milhamoth ha-Shem" ("The Book of the Wars for God"), in which he answers the critics of his father's philosophical doctrines expressed in the "Guide for  the Perplexed". He had initially avoided entering the controversy over his father's writings, however, when he heard of the alleged burning of his father's books in Montpellier in 1235, he compiled "Milchamot HaShem" which he addressed to the Hachmei Provence. His principal work is originally composed in Judeo-Arabic and entitled "כתאב כפיא אלעאבדין" "Kitāb Kifāyah al-`Ābidīn" ("A Comprehensive Guide for the Servants of God"). From the extant surviving portion it is conjectured that Maimuni's treatise was three times as long as his father's "Guide for the Perplexed". In the book, Maimuni evinces a great appreciation  of and affinity for Sufism (Islamic mysticism). Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school. His other works include a commentary on the Torah of which only his commentaries on "Genesis" and "Exodus" are now extant, as well as commentaries on parts of his father's "Mishneh Torah" and on various tractates of the Talmud. He also wrote a work on "Halakha" (Jewish law), combined with philosophy and ethics (also in Arabic, and arranged after his father's "Mishne  Torah"), as well as a book of "Questions & Responsa", more commonly known as "Sefer Birkat Avraham". His "Discourse on the Sayings of the Rabbis" - discussing "aggadah" - is often quoted. He also authored various medical works.