Anti-fracking movement
An anti-fracking movement has emerged both internationally, with involvement of international environmental organizations and nation states such as France and locally in affected areas such as Balcombe, Sussex, in the UK Pungești in Romania, Žygaičiai in Lithuania, and In Salah in Algeria. Europe. UK. The Frack Off campaign is a grassroots direct action against unconventional gas and oil extraction. On 26 September 2018, three men blocked a convoy of trucks carrying drilling equipment to a site near Blackpool. Two were sentenced to 16 months in prison and the third 15 months, after being convicted of causing  a public nuisance. A fourth defendant was given a 12-month suspended sentence after pleading guilty to the same offence. They were the first environmental activists to receive jail sentences for staging a protest in the UK since the Mass trespass of Kinder Scout in 1932. On 5 October, a spokeswoman for Robert Lizar Solicitors, representing the men, confirmed they would be lodging an appeal against sentence on the grounds the sentences were “wrong in principle and manifestly excessive”. On 17 October, all four men were released over the anti-fracking protest by Court of Appeal judges. North America. Environmental  concerns about fracking began to take hold in the United States when Josh Fox released "Gasland" in 2010, a documentary on the social and environmental impacts of fracking. Actor Mark Ruffalo, who lives in New York City, became a major opponent to fracking. Ruffalo laid out his full case against fracking in a piece co-authored with Phil Radford on CNN.com, where he argued solar and wind sources of power are available now, and using fracked natural gas instead of cleaner sources of energy will result in more faucets on fire, methane leaks that cause global warming, groundwater contamination, and  cancer causing chemicals in communities. In New York, more than 180 entertainment, music, film artists (including Lady Gaga, Robert de Niro, Mark Ruffalo, Paul McCartney, and Susan Sarandon) are recognized as members of Artists Against Fracking, a group that opposes fracking in the Marcellus shale.