Jewels of James V of Scotland
The jewellery and jewels owned by James V of Scotland are mainly known from the royal treasurer's accounts and inventories. James V reinforced his authority by lavish display. Although James V would have inherited jewels from his father James IV of Scotland, little is known of these. James IV died at the battle of Flodden in September 1513. His gold crucifix set with three balas rubies and three sapphires containing a relic of the True Cross was sent to Catherine of Aragon. It was listed in the jewel book of Henry VIII in  the chapel of the Tower of London. James V bought several gold chains some enamelled and set with stones. A chain set with diamonds, rubies, and pearls was bought to hang the emblem of the French Order of Saint Michael. He wore chains of gold wire with whistles, perhaps especially aboard ship. Pendants worn with chains were called "tablets", there was a diamond fleur-de-lis and a tablet with an "image of Our Lady". James V wore bracelets, which appear in his inventories and there are also records of their repair. James had rosary beads, of agate and jasper , and of gold scented pomander beads filled with musk. The inventories list over 100 rings, some were kept in a black velvet coffer in the Jewel House of Edinburgh Castle. The other rings were kept by the king's personal servant Harry Kemp, who kept the king's gold combs and toothpick, and a number of velvet bonnets. James had several hat ornaments or ensigns to be sewn on his bonnets, including two mermaid badges. One of the mermaids was made by the Edinburgh goldsmith John Mosman. The ensigns were called "targets". His bonnets were also decorated with gold tags  known as aglets or horns. The king's best bonnets in November 1542, kept by Harry Kemp, were described in some detail, with their ensigns, precious stones and pearls, the three examples here with modernised spelling:Item, a bonnet of velvet with a target and an image (or figure of a woman), having a diamond in her hand with a great ruby under her feet. And upon the same bonnet ten sets, in every set four diamonds, on one side a ruby and a table diamond with 24 sets sets of pearl, in every set four pearl, with ten little  thistles of gold and a little chain in every lug.Item, a bonnet of velvet with a target set with a great table diamond, ten plain diamonds in sets of gold, 18 sets of pearl and three in every set, and nine set long, and four in every set.Item, a bonnet of black velvet with a target of the mermaid, her tail of diamonds, with a ruby and a table diamond, 6 sets of gold, with a great ruby in every one of them, and 12 sets with two great pearls in every one of them. The king also  had bonnets of woollen cloth, which were decorated with targets and gold buttons. James had gold buttons, some set with pearls, shaped liked acorns or peas in a pod, and three had gentlewomen's faces. He bought several sets of gold buttons and "horns" or aglets in France, included 119 enamelled in azure for the riding coat he wore during his Entry to Paris. At this time he had 23 gold thistles made for his bonnet, and 20 for his gown. He bought a badge for his bonnet described as an "image with a ruby" and a gold chain and  36 buttons to dress the same bonnet. John Mosman made jewellery for the king, repaired items, and sometimes converted pieces, refashioning gold rosary beads into buttons and cramp rings. Mosman also travelled to France to make purchases for the king. The secretary Thomas Erskine of Halton also went to France to buy jewels. James himself went to France and married Madeleine of France, buying gold buttons enamelled with azure and hundreds of pearls to sew on his costumes. The goldsmith Thomas Rynd, based in St Andrews, also worked for the king, supplying enamelled gold buttons, aglets or horns, a necklace  enamelled red, and a gold belt with white letters, and three rings in May 1539. He sold a "chaffron" head dress and a chain to Mary of Guise, who was then at Pitlethy in Leuchars. James V also bought small gold chains and "tablet" pendants from him to give as gifts to the queen's gentlewomen. Later in the year, Rynd supplied a chain and a gold "target" in 1539, mending a gold cup and a set of gold buttons, and supplying two pairs of tags or horns to fasten a pair of bracelets. An inventory of the king's  silver work and jewels was made in November 1542 by James Kirkcaldy of Grange and John Danielstoun, Parson of Dysart and brother of William Danielstoun, keeper of Linlithgow Palace. Mary, Queen of Scots, inherited personal jewels that had belonged to her father, James V. For a time, the Earl of Arran was ruler of Scotland as regent. In 1556, after her mother Mary of Guise had become regent, Arran returned a consignment of royal jewels to the young queen in France. Among these jewels was the hat badge made in Edinburgh by John Mosman from Scottish gold, featuring a mermaid  set with diamonds and holding a mirror and a ruby comb.