Phalodi
Phalodi is a town and a municipality in Jodhpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is the headquarters for Phalodi tehsil. Phalodi is also called the "salt city" due to the salt industry in Rin. Phalodi is in the buffer zone of Thar Desert and often subject to extreme temperature conditions due to its arid climate. It holds the record for the highest verified temperature recorded in Rajasthan at on 19 May 2016. It is also the highest temperature ever recorded in India. History. Phalodi was initially called Phalvardhika. In Vikram Samvat 1515, Shri Siddhuji Kalla have  founded Phalodi by grace of Shri Maa Latiyal with named as Phalvaridhika, which was later renamed as "Phalodi" at the request of Phala, the widowed daughter of Shri Sidhu Kalla, who gave a generous contribution in cash to build the fort of Phalodi. It is situated on the Jodhpur-Jaisalmer railway line. It is the second-largest town in the district and is also the sub-divisional headquarters. The town is situated at distance of from Jodhpur. The present population of the town, as per census 2001, is 44,756. Several Government and semi-government offices are situated in the town . Phalodi is surrounded by Bikaner, Nagaur and Jaisalmer Districts. It is well-connected via road and railway. The railway station of the town was established in 1914. National Highway 15 (Pathankot-Kandla) and State Highway No. 2 (Jodhpur- Jaisalmer) pass through the town. It is well known for the migratory bird ""Kurjan"" (crane). The village Khichan is hardly away from Phalodi. Bawari Kalan and Bawari Khurd are situated from Phalodi, respectively. The villages of Sevad Rajpurohits spiritual guru's of Rathore Rajput here. There are many government servants, businessmen and well-educated engineers throughout India and abroad, too. The first  pushkarna brahmin from Phalodi to crack Civil Service exam in 1965 was Shri Madhusudan Pralhad Rai Thanvi, retired as Chief Commissioner of Income Tax, Mumbai (2002). The first engineer from pushkarna brahmin was Mr. J H Bissa who completed engineering in 1954 and 1st IAS was Mr. S N Thanvi who served as home secretary of the Rajasthan State. The town is a prime place for commercial and industrial activity of surrounding hinterlands. Phalodi was established in mid-15th century. In 1488, a fort was constructed by Hamir Singh, the grandson of Rao Suja. He did a number of developmental works  during his period. In 1230, famous Kalyan Raoji's Temple was constructed. The temple of Goddess Latiyal Devi and Shantinath are some of the oldest temples of the town. The Parsnath Jain temple, established in 1847 by the Oswal Jain community, has been made only in stone and does not have any girders or RCC construction. It is made of old Belgium glass. This Jain temple is considered a marvel in architecture (total of ten Jain temples and six dadabadis). In 1547, Rao Maldeo was the ruler of Phalodi. But in 1578 it was handed over to Rai Singh, the  King of Bikaner, by the Emperor Akbar. In 1615, it came under the control of Rao Sur Singh of Jodhpur State and thereafter remained a part of the state of Jodhpur. The stone epigraphical inscriptions in the Kalyanji-Ka- Mandir indicate existence of a town called as Vijay Nagar Patan, which is now known as Phalodi. In 2008 a major renovation was done in the Latiyal Mata Temple, and a silver throne ("singhasan") for Latiyal Mata was made. Phalodi also has a large number of communities living in it. The majority in phalodi rural areas are Sindhi Muslims and in  city Pushkarna Brahman Jains lived . Small industries flourish in Phalodi. The town is well known for the large number of industries for the production of sodium salt and plaster of Paris. Phalodi is one of India's largest salt suppliers. Climate. The climate of Phalodi is generally hot and arid, but with a rainy season from late June to September (Köppen "BWh"). Temperatures are extreme throughout the period from March to October, except when monsoonal rain produces thick clouds to lower it slightly. In the months of April, May and June, high temperatures routinely exceed 40 degrees Celsius. During the  monsoon season, average temperatures decrease slightly. However, the city's generally low humidity rises and this adds to the normal discomfort from the heat. The highest temperatures recorded in Phalodi during 2016 summers from 18 May to 21 May when it rose up to 51 degrees Celsius, which is the national record for India. Transportation. Phalodi Railway Station lies on the Broad Gauge line of the Delhi-Jaisalmer train route. Trains passing through Phalodi include: Phalodi is connected to Jodhpur ( south), Bikaner ( north), Nagaur ( in east) and Jaisalmer ( in west). National Highway 15 skirts around Phalodi. Bus services have run  continuously from Jodhpur and Bikaner, both three hours away. There are a number of cabs or taxis that ferry passengers from these places. On last Dec-2013, Phalodi/Jaisalmer was directly connected with Mumbai with weekly train, train running from Bandra Terminus(Mumbai) on every Friday on 2:35pm afternoon and it reached Phalodi on 9:35am morning. Phalodi's airport is 25 km from the city and is under Air Force and inaccessible to the general public. The nearest civilian airport being Jodhpur which is 130 km and Jaipur which is 300 km away from the city. The city is very well connected  via highways to other cities like Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Ramdevra, and others. Demographics. India census, Phalodi had a population of 49,766. Of which 26,003 and 23,763 are males and females respectively. Phalodi has an average literacy rate of 61.81%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 69.63%, and female literacy is 53.25%. In Phalodi, 15.5% of the population is under 6 years of age. Betting Market (Satta Bazaar). Phalodi is the nerve center of betting, especially election related betting in Rajasthan. The bookies in Phalodi are renowned for being accurate more often than not