Neel E. Kearby
Neel Ernest Kearby (June 5, 1911 – March 5, 1944) was a United States Army Air Forces colonel and P-47 Thunderbolt pilot in World War II who received the Medal of Honor for his actions in combat. Kearby is the first United States Army Air Forces fighter pilot to receive Medal of Honor. He scored total 22 aerial victories and was the top-scoring P-47 pilot in the Pacific Theater. Early life. Kearby was born in Wichita Falls, Texas on June 5, 1911 to John Gallatin and Bessie Lee Kearby. He graduated from Arlington High School in 1928 , and graduated from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1936 (known then as North Texas Agricultural College) with bachelor's degree on business administration. Military career. Kearby joined the Army Air Corps in 1937, and received flight training at Randolph and Kelly Air Fields. World War II. Kearby then served with the 94th and 40th Pursuit Squadrons of the 1st Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field in Michigan, until December 1940. Kearby commanded the 14th Pursuit Squadron in the Panama Canal Zone from December 1940 to August 1942, where he flew P-39 Airacobras. He was transferred in October 1942 to  Westover Field in Massachusetts to take command of the new 348th Fighter Group with the rank of major. In June 1943, now a lieutenant colonel, Kearby would arrive in Australia with his fighter group after months of training on the P-47 Thunderbolt. The 348th used the P-47's flight characteristics to their advantage. They used their turbo supercharged engines to fly at high altitude to the target and dove on the Japanese planes before firing their eight .50-caliber machine guns on the lightly armored enemy aircraft. Kearby opened his score on September 4, 1943 with a Mitsubishi G4M  bomber and a Nakajima Ki-43, and followed this up ten days later by shooting down another twin-engined bomber, a Mitsubishi Ki-46. On September 23, he was promoted to full colonel. He flew an aircraft bearing the name "Fiery Ginger". There were several planes with this title in the 358th Fighter Group at that time. All of Kearby's P-47D's – bore the names, "Fiery Ginger", "Fiery Ginger II", "Fiery Ginger III" and "Fiery Ginger IV". They were all named after his wife Virginia. Medal of Honor mission. On October 11, 1943, Kearby led four P-47s on a fighter sweep  over the Japanese base at Wewak, and ran into 40 Japanese Army fighters. The ensuing combat lasted close to an hour, and when it was over, Kearby had shot down six enemy planes which includes, four Nakajima Ki-43s and two Kawasaki Ki-61s. Two other pilots had downed three Ki-61s between them for a total of nine Japanese fighters shot down without loss. This made Kearby the first P-47 ace of the Pacific Theater of Operations, and set a United States Army Air Forces record for most victories in a single mission. Upon hearing of this aerial victory, General George Kenney , head of Fifth Air Force in the Pacific, recommended Kearby for the Medal of Honor, which was presented to him by General Douglas MacArthur himself in January 1944. The American record for most victories in single mission is nine, set a year later by USN F6F Hellcat pilot, David McCampbell. Kearby's record would later be broken within the United States Army Air Force as well, when P-51 Mustang pilot William Shomo downed seven Japanese planes in a six-minute fight over the Philippines in January 1945. Postwar evaluation of Japanese records showed that only two of the nine victories  credited on the Medal of Honor mission were valid although three other Japanese fighters were damaged. However, the two losses were a squadron and a wing commander. Post mission. In November 1943, with 12 victories to his credit, Kearby was transferred to the headquarters of the 5th Air Force Fighter Command. Despite his assignment to administrative duties, Kearby still wanted to be in combat. He flew missions whenever he could, and his victory tally continued to rise. For a time Kearby was in competition with Richard Bong to be the leading Army ace of the Pacific Theater. Like Kearby, Bong  wasn't assigned to a combat unit at the time and flew in addition to his assigned duty of instructor in order to stay in combat. During early March 1944, fighter pilots Bong and Thomas J. Lynch were close to breaking the American World War I record of 26 victories scored by pilot Eddie Rickenbacker. Hoping to break the record himself, Kearby hoped to score more victories to tie or break his record. By March 1944, Kearby had 21 kills to his credit. Death. On March 5, 1944 Kearby took off on a combat patrol with Captain William D. Dunham  and Major Samuel Blair to search for Japanese aircraft. Proceeding towards the Tadji area, they spotted enemy aircraft over Wewak, and intercepted three Kawasaki Ki-48's of the 208th Sentai approaching Dagua Airfield. Kearby opened fire on one aircraft, but did not observe it to go down and made a complete circle to attack it again. While performing this maneuver, he was attacked by a Ki-43 Oscar from the 77th Sentai, before wingman Dunham could shoot the fighter down. Kearby himself was shot down by a Japanese Army Air Force Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa fighter, after shooting down one of the  aircraft. The P-47, his personal aircraft named "Fiery Ginger IV", crashed into the jungle below. Afterwards, Dunham and Blair unsuccessfully searched for him until they ran short on fuel and returned to Saidor Airfield. In fact, Kearby was observed by local people on the ground to have escaped by parachute and as he descended he became tangled in a tree and died of bullet wounds from the attack. His remains were found in 1947 by a Royal Australian Air Force search team, but they were left unidentified for two more years. He was buried in Sparkman-Hillcrest Memorial Park Cemetery  in July 1949. Personal life. Kearby was married to Virginia Cochran, née Shoemaker (1919–1989). They had three children; Robert (1939–1974), John (1941–1977) and Kenneth (1942–1974). In an ironic twist of fate, over the years that followed, all three of them also died in aircraft accidents. Legacy. Colonel Kearby was one of two U.S. fighter pilots to be awarded the Medal of Honor for actions while flying the P-47. The other was Raymond L. Knight. In 1959, a building was named for him at Sheppard Air Force Base in Wichita Falls. The city of Alexandria, Louisiana, named a street for him  near England Air Force Base. In 2010, the Texas Historical Commission and the City of Arlington, Texas unveiled a historical marker and statue at the city's public library. Military awards. Kearby's military decorations and awards include the following: Medal of Honor citation. The citation for the Medal of Honor, which was awarded by General Douglas MacArthur, describes his combat heroism: