Bundesautobahn 17
History. The Dresden-Prague connection was first conceptualized in 1938 as "Strecke 72". In Dresden, both a south-western variant and a north-eastern variant via the Dresdener Heide and Pirna were planned. The latter was chosen in 1940, but work was postponed owing to the war. In the late 1960s, the GDR revived the pre-war plans, and at the end of the 1970s, a southern route, similar to that existing today, was decided upon. However, probably for cost reasons, this project remained at planning stage. After reunification, the German government decided that due to the increased  truck traffic on federal highway ("Bundesstraße") B170, construction had become more urgent. Building on the existing plans, various routes west of Dresden were designed, of which a relatively near-urban variant was adopted. The section from Pirna to the state border, however, was planned further to the west for reasons of landscape protection, as the original route would have touched the Saxon Switzerland National Park region. The name A17 was earmarked for another highway in the early 1990s. This road was to lead southeast from Bautzen to Zittau and on to the Czech Republic, where it would connect with the  D35. In Zittau a triangular junction was to connect with the A18 from Cottbus to Zittau, which has not been built. Part of this route has been built and numbered B178n. Today's A17 is eventually to be renumbered as part of the A13. Several citizens' initiatives and environmental groups (including the Green League) opposed construction, while the Bundestag, the Federal Ministry of Transport and the Saxon cabinet pushed it on economic grounds. The Dresden City Council rejected a variant of the A17 which cut through the city as it feared, among other things, unacceptable noise and air pollution. Even  the then mayor of Dresden, Herbert Wagner (CDU), failed with his veto. Then a citizens' initiative for the construction of the A17 was founded, which initiated a referendum together with parts of the Dresden CDU-Stadtspitze. On 5 November 1995, about 50% of the Dresden electorate took part in this referendum, of whom around 2/3 voted in favour of the construction of the city-cutting variant. The plan went through an environmental impact study, to prevent damage to the habitat. The hills are not required to be flattened: The first part of the first construction phase stretches from Autobahndreieck Dresden -West (A4) to junction Dresden-Gorbitz (B173). This 3.6 km long route was built from August 1998, released on 8 October 2001 and cost about €53.6 million. In March 2007 the feeder into Dresden (B173 Coventrystraße), was expanded to four lanes. A local bypass for Kesselsdorf on the B173 was built between 2009 and 2011. As a feeder to Freital the State Road 36 was relocated and expanded. Coventrystraße, named after the British town which suffered bombing similar to Dresden's, was formerly named Hermann-Matern-Straße, after SED minister and the honorary of Dresden. The second part of  the first construction phase stretches from the Dresden-Gorbitz junction (B173) to Dresden-Südvorstadt (B170). The 8.6 km long route cost €286 million. 87% of the cost was accounted for by tunnel and bridge construction over Plauenschen Grund and the Weisseritz between Dölzschen (Dölzschen tunnel) and Coschütz (Coschütz tunnel). Here, each meter of tunnel tube cost about €40,000. The construction of this part started in the spring of 2000. Also on this part of the route is the Altfranken tunnel. The opening of this second section was postponed after a cable fire in the Coschütz tunnel from October  2004 until 22 December 2004. As early as autumn 2005, extensive repair work in the tunnels was necessary to eliminate construction defects. The first part of the second construction phase goes from the junction (AS) Dresden-Südvorstadt (B170) to Dresden-Prohlis. The 3-km route cost €45 million and was released on 25 October 2004, before the first construction phase was completed. From the AS Dresden-Prohlis a new feeder to the then B172 was built to relieve Kauscha and Dresden-Nickern. This bypass leads as the S191 through Goppeln and Rippien to the B170 in Bannewitz (Hänichen). The  remaining portion of the second construction phase, from the Dresden-Prohlis junction to Pirna, is 9.9 km long and was released on 22 July 2005. Construction costs amounted to €113 million. On the opening date, only the northern side of the Lockwitztal Bridge was completed, with the other carriageway being opened on 13 December 2005. A feeder was built by the AS Heidenau, on the one hand to the B172 and 2007 on the other hand between Borthen and Röhrsdorf and further in the direction of Wittgensdorf. The AS Pirna is located near Dohna, from where the B172a was  built four-lane to Pirna. From the connection point, Pirna to the Czech border is 19.3 km. Construction was officially started on 8 December 2004, and work on the bridges has been ongoing since the spring of 2004. He cost about €154 million. On 21 December 2006, the motorway from Dresden to the border and on the Czech side the continuation as D8 to Ústí nad Labem for traffic was released. Location. The A 17 is one of three autobahns that have one of their end points at the Bundesautobahn 4 near Dresden. The other two are the Bundesautobahn  13 at the northern Dresden autobahn triangle (Dresden – Berlin) and the Bundesautobahn 14 at the Nossen autobahn triangle (Dresden – Leipzig). The A 17 begins at the western Dresden autobahn triangle, generally follows the edge of the city to the south, passing the towns of Heidenau and Pirna until it reaches the border between Germany and the Czech Republic at the Ore Mountains, where it ends. From there the D8 continues to Prague. Features. Although the A 17 is only 45 km long, it has quite a lot of larger bridges and tunnels compared to other German autobahns. These are: The  designation of A 17 was originally given to a post-reunification Autobahn corridor planned to run from the A 4 near Bautzen to the Polish border at Zittau (actually very close to the German-Polish-Czech tripoint). Planning for this incarnation of the A 17 was shelved in the 1990s before any fixed route for this Autobahn was established, and the designation was given instead to the southernmost section (then being planned) of the A 13.