Shingopana
Shingopana (meaning "wide neck" in Swahili) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian age) Galula Formation of Tanzania. It is known from only the type species, "S. songwensis". Gorscak & O'Connor's phylogenetic testing suggest "Shingopana" is more closely related to the South American titanosaur family of Aeolosaurini than any of the titanosaurs found so far in North & South Africa. Discovery and naming. Part of the holotype, TZ-07, was discovered in 2002 by scientists affiliated with the Rukwa Rift Basin Project, which was run by Patrick O'Connor and Nancy Stevens. The rest of  the skeleton was excavated during the following years. The holotype was mentioned in 2011 when the sauropod "Aeolosaurus maximus" (now "Arrudatitan maximus") was named and described, and the species "Shingopana songwensis" was officially named in 2017. Description. "Shingopana "was a quadrupedal Aeolosaurin sauropod that would have reached up to long when fully grown, smaller than the average sauropod. Skeleton. The holotype was damaged by insect bore holes shortly after the animal died. "Shingopana" is known from a partial jaw, represented by the angular bone. "Shingopana" is also known from four cervical vertebrae; with two of these vertebrae having preserved cervical  ribs and another isolated cervical rib. "Shingopana" instead had remnants of a bulbous expansion on the incompletely preserved cervical vertebrae, which probably helped to strengthen its neck. Four ribs have been preserved with the holotype, but none are complete. The ribs had flanged edges, but their function is currently unknown. An almost complete humerus and a partial pubis were also present in the holotype. Classification. "Shingopana" has been classified within the Aeolosaurini as early as 2011, before the animal was given a name. Palaeoecology. The holotype was discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Galula Formation of the Rukwa Rift Basin in  Tanzania. It would have coexisted with the sauropods "Rukwatitan" and "Mnyamawamtuka, "the mesoeucrocodiles "Pakasuchus" and "Rukwasuchus", the mammal "Galulatherium", an unnamed notosuchian, an unnamed turtle, an unnamed theropod and two types of lungfish ("Lupaceradotus" and an unnamed genus).