Mirning
The Mirning, also known as the Ngandatha, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lay on the coastal region of the Great Australian Bight extending from Western Australia into south-west South Australia. Name. "Mirniŋ" was their name for 'man'. Language. Mirning was, properly speaking, a language known as "Ngandatha", bearing the sense of "What is it?". Country. The Mirning's traditional lands covered, according to Norman Tindale, roughly of territory, reaching from Point Culver eastwards across to White Well in South Australia. Their northern limit was generally the ecological line separating them from the beginning of the  karst plateau of the Nullarbor Plain, though good rains would see them penetrating further north. In Norman Tindale's estimation their tribal territory encompassed roughly . People and history of contact. The Mirning were, according to measurements made of old people from a remnant of the tribe in 1939, relatively short in stature and practice rites of circumcision and subincision. The Jirkala-mirning were first contacted by whites in 1872, when their numbers were estimated to be 30, consisting of 11 men, 8 women, 5 adolescents, and 6 children. It was estimated by the first whites who settled in Wonunda-mirnung  territory in 1877 that they numbered no more than 80 persons, 15 men, 15 women, 10 adolescents, and some 40 children. Writing in 1931, A. P. Elkin stated: 'The Wanbiri-speaking tribe, referred to as the Yerkla-mining (that is, the men at Yerkla or Irgala) is now extinct.' Social organisation. The Mirning were organised into groups of which two at least are known. For ceremonial rites, involving the tribe's adoption of circumcision and subincision, the "Wonunda-mirnung" and "Jirkala-mirning" would gather at "Jadjuuna", just south of Cocklebiddy. Their kinship system has four classes:- "Būdera" (root), "Būdū" (digger ), "Kūra", (dingo) and "Wenŭng" (wombat). Alfred William Howitt describes the tribe's marriage system as "very peculiar", in which two classes ("Būdera" and "Kūra") have a privileged position as follows: In film. In April 1994 Julian Lennon proposed making a documentary film with the provisional title "Eyes of the Soul – Legends of Whales, Dolphins and Tribes", which would have touched on the Mirnung's cultural relationship to whales. A documentary called "Whaledreamers – the Gathering", which includes mention of the Mirning, was made in 2006.