Thanos simonattoi
Thanos (named for the Marvel Comics character) is a genus of carnivorous brachyrostran abelisaurid dinosaur that lived in Brazil during the Santonian stage of the late Cretaceous Period. It contains only a single species known as T. simonattoi. Discovery and naming. In 2014, it was reported in the scientific literature that Sérgio Luis Simonatto with a team of the "Museu de Paleontologia "Prof. Antonio Celso de Arruda Campos"" had found the front of a theropod axis near São José do Rio Preto. Several years later Fabiano Vidoi Iori uncovered the rear part of the same vertebra. In 2020 , the type species "Thanos simonattoi" was named and described by Rafael Delcourt and Fabiano Vidoi Iori online. The print version was published in the same year. The generic name refers to the Marvel Comics character Thanos, invented by Jim Starlin. The character's name is itself derived from the Greek θάνατος, "thanatos", "death". The specific name honours Simonatto. The holotype specimen, MPMA 08–0016/95, was found in the São José do Rio Preto Formation, part of the Bauru Group and dating from the Santonian; in 2014 it had been dated to the Maastrichtian. It consists of an almost complete axis fused  with an axial intercentrum. It is missing several processes at the front, rear, and sides. The specimen is currently housed at the Museu de Paleontologia de Monte Alto, Brazil. Description. The length of "Thanos" has been estimated at . Despite the incompleteness of the material, a number of diagnostic features are present; a well-developed keel becoming wider and deeper posteriorly on the ventral surface; two lateral small foramina separated by a relatively wide wall on each lateral surface of the centrum; and well-developed and deep prezygapophyseal spinodiapophyseal fossae. In view of these features, "Thanos" may have been more derived  than other abelisaurids at the time. Phylogeny. In their phylogenetic analysis, Delcourt and Iori (2020) recovered "Thanos" in a large polytomy with other brachyrostrans within the Abelisauridae. Their resulting cladogram is shown below: "Thanos" shared only two synapomorphies with the Brachyrostra. The front articular facet of the axis is more than twice as high as the rear articular facet. The rear facet is inclined to the front under an angle of less than 75°. Paleoecology. "Thanos" shared its environment with an undescribed larger theropod believed to be a megaraptoran of which a vertebra, specimen MPMA 08–0003/94, has been found  at Ibirá. This would imply that "Thanos" was not the apex predator of its habitat.