Madera, California
Madera (Spanish for "Wood") is a city and county seat of Madera County, California. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 61,416. According to a July 1, 2019 estimate by the US Census Bureau, the city's population is 65,860. Located in the San Joaquin Valley, Madera is the principal city of the Madera Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is part of the Fresno-Madera-Hanford Combined Statistical Area. The city is also home to the Madera Unified School District. History. The town was named after the Spanish term for lumber. The town was  laid out by the California Lumber Company in 1876. From 1876 to 1931, a 63-mile water flume carried lumber from the mountains to Madera where the lumber was shipped by train. The first post office at Madera opened in 1877. On May 16, 1893, Madera County officially became a County of the State of California and the town incorporated as a City of Madera on March 27, 1907. One of the city's first African Americans to hold an elected office was Rev. Naaman N. Haynes, who was voted in as a Madera Unified School District school board trustee  in the 1960s. Landmarks include the historic Madera County Courthouse, the notable Madera water tower, and a fully operational drive-in movie theater. Geography. Madera is located at . The geographic center of California is east of Madera. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Madera is the location of the Madera AVA wine region. Climate. Madera has a steppe climate (Köppen: "BSk"), in the central zone of this climatic subtype. Average January temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum of . Average July temperatures are a maximum of and a minimum  of . Annually, there are an average of 103.9 afternoons with highs of or higher, 26.1 afternoons reaching or exceeding , and an average of 24.6 mornings with lows of or lower. The record high temperature was , recorded on July 13, 1961. The record low temperature was , recorded on January 10, 1949. The average annual rainfall is and there are an average of 59.3 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1983 with and the driest was 2013 with . The most rainfall in one month was , in March 1991. The most rainfall in 24 hours was , on November 21, 1978. Although  snowfall is rare, fell in January 1962. Demographics. 2010. The 2010 United States Census reported that Madera had a population of 61,416. The population density was 3,889.7 people per square mile (1,501.8/km). The racial makeup of Madera was 30,640 (49.9%) White, 2,069 (3.4%) African American, 1,933 (3.1%) Native American, 1,369 (2.2%) Asian, 72 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 22,603 (36.8%) from other races, and 2,730 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race accounted for 47,103 people (76.7% of the population). The Census reported that 60,825 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 418 (0.7%) lived  in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 173 (0.3%) were institutionalized. There were 15,938 households, out of which 9,003 (56.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 8,521 (53.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,917 (18.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,450 (9.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,323 (8.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 97 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,374 households (14.9%) were made up of individuals, and 1,077 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average  household size was 3.82. There were 12,888 families (80.9% of all households); the average family size was 4.09. The population was spread out, with 21,338 people (34.7%) under the age of 18, 7,732 people (12.6%) aged 18 to 24, 17,287 people (28.1%) aged 25 to 44, 10,407 people (16.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,652 people (7.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males. There were 17,049 housing units at an average density  of 1,079.8 per square mile (416.9/km), of which 8,096 (50.8%) were owner-occupied, and 7,842 (49.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.1%. 28,785 people (46.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 32,040 people (52.2%) lived in rental housing units. 2000. As of the census of 2000, there were 43,207 people, 11,978 households, and 9,438 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,515.3 people per square mile (1,357.4/km). There were 12,521 housing units at an average density of 1,018.7 per square mile (393.4 /km). The racial makeup of the city was 48.2% White, 3.9% African American, 2.8% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 38.0% from other races, and 5.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 67.8% of the population. There were 11,978 households, out of which 48.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years  of age or older. The average household size was 3.57 and the average family size was 3.90. In the city, the population was spread out, with 35.4% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,033, and the median income for  a family was $31,927. Males had a median income of $29,776 versus $23,210 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,674. About 25.6% of families and 32.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.0% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over. Current estimates. According to estimates by the US Census Bureau from July 1, 2019, the total population for the City of Madera was 65,860, and the median household income was $42,581. Government. Madera, is governed by a mayor elected at large, and  six city council members elected by the people in their districts. Madera is the County seat of the County of Madera. In the California State Legislature, Madera is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Madera is in . Transportation. Within the city, State Route 99 carries traffic in a generally northwest / southeast orientation. East of the city, State Route 41 can be accessed via either eastbound county roads or via State Route 145, the latter of which turns from a northeast/southwest bearing to a directly south orientation within the city. The eastern terminus of State Route  152 is located to the north of the city, on State Route 99. Just north of Madera is the Madera Amtrak station. A California High-Speed Rail stop is also planned. There is a Greyhound bus station located downtown. The City of Madera provides local transportation known as Madera Metro. Madera residents can travel conveniently from neighborhoods to shopping centers, local schools, medical offices and work sites on the Madera Metro fixed-route transit services. Madera County provides bus connections with other communities in the county. Madera Municipal Airport is a general aviation airport owned and operated by the City  of Madera. It is situated on approximately 524 acres on the northwest edge of the city and is supervised by the Madera Public Works Department. Madera residents also have access to the nearby Yosemite International Airport, located in Fresno. Notable people. Noteworthy persons from Madera include: