Cohen's h
In statistics, Cohen's "h", popularized by Jacob Cohen, is a measure of distance between two proportions or probabilities. Cohen's "h" has several related uses: When measuring differences between proportions, Cohen's "h" can be used in conjunction with hypothesis testing. A "statistically significant" difference between two proportions is understood to mean that, given the data, it is likely that there is a difference in the population proportions. However, this difference might be too small to be meaningful—the statistically significant result does not tell us the size of the difference. Cohen's "h", on the  other hand, quantifies the size of the difference, allowing us to decide if the difference is meaningful. Uses. Researchers have used Cohen's "h" as follows. Calculation. Given a probability or proportion "p", between 0 and 1, its arcsine transformation is Given two proportions, formula_2 and formula_3, "h" is defined as the difference between their arcsine transformations. Namely, This is also sometimes called "directional "h"" because, in addition to showing the magnitude of the difference, it shows which of the two proportions is greater. Often, researchers mean "nondirectional "h"", which is just the absolute value of the directional "h": In  R, Cohen's "h" can be calculated using the codice_1 function in the codice_2 package or the codice_3 function in the codice_4 package Interpretation. Cohen provides the following descriptive interpretations of "h" as a rule of thumb: Cohen cautions that: Nevertheless, many researchers do use these conventions as given.