Balto (film)
Balto is a 1995 American live-action/animated adventure film directed by Simon Wells, produced by Amblin Entertainment and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film is loosely based on a true story about the dog of the same name who helped save children infected with diphtheria in the 1925 serum run to Nome. The film stars Kevin Bacon, Bridget Fonda, Jim Cummings, Phil Collins (in a dual role) and Bob Hoskins, with Miriam Margolyes in the live-action sequences. The live-action portions of the film were shot in New York City's Central Park. "Balto" was the  third and final animated feature produced by Steven Spielberg's UK-based Amblimation studio before it became DreamWorks Animation, which would later be acquired by Universal's parent company NBCUniversal on August 22, 2016. Although the film was a major financial disappointment (it was overshadowed by the success of Walt Disney Pictures and Pixar Animation Studios' first film "Toy Story"), and received mixed reviews from critics, its subsequent sales on home video led to two direct-to-video sequels: "" (2002) and "" (2005), though none of the original voice cast reprised their roles. Plot. In New York City, an elderly woman , her granddaughter, and the latter's Siberian Husky, Blaze, are walking through Central Park, looking for a memorial. As they seat themselves for a rest, the woman tells her granddaughter a story about Nome, Alaska 70 years earlier in the winter of 1925, where the sled dog champion Steele, a fierce and arrogant Malamute, cheats to ensure victory for his team and musher who returns first to the rural town of Nome. They almost run over Rosy's new musher hat, but Balto, a young wolfdog who is despised by dogs and humans alike, rescues her hat and meets her  Siberian husky Jenna, whom he quickly develops a crush on, before being chased away by Rosy's father due to his part-wolf heritage. Following a confrontation where Steele, Star, Nikki and Kaltag make fun of his heritage, Balto and his adoptive father Boris Goosinov, a comical Russian-accented snow goose originally from Russia, return to their home on an abandoned ship on the outskirts of Nome, where they live with two polar bears, Muk and Luk. One evening, all of the children are hospitalized with diphtheria, but Curtis Welch is out of antitoxin. Severe winter weather conditions prevent medicine  from being brought from Juneau and Anchorage by air or sea, and the closest rail line ends in Nenana. A dog race is held to determine the best-fit dogs for a sled dog team to get the medicine with heading to rendezvous with the train in Nenana and transport the antitoxin back to Nome. Balto, who dreams of becoming a sled dog, enters and wins, but Steele exposes his wolf half, causing his disqualification. The team departs that night with Steele in the lead and picks up the medicine successfully, but on the way back, they end up in  a blizzard, missing their second checkpoint. When this news reaches Nome, and with the children's health getting worse, Balto sets out in search of Steele and his team with Boris, Muk and Luk supporting him. Getting desperate, Steele accidentally drags himself and his team off a cliff, stranding them at the base of an icy hill, with the musher knocked unconscious during the fall. Meanwhile, Balto, Boris and the polar bears are stalked and attacked by a massive grizzly bear. Balto fights the bear to save the others, but is easily overpowered and almost crushed to death before Jenna , who followed their marked trail, intervenes and saves him. The bear overpowers Jenna as well before it resumes attacking Balto and chases him out onto a frozen lake, but due to its immense size and weight, the ice starts to break, causing it to fall through and drown. Muk and Luk jump through the ice and save Balto before he could drown as well. Warming a frozen Balto, Jenna gives him the latest news from Nome. However, she is injured after the bear fight and unable to move on. Balto instructs Boris and the polar bears to bring Jenna back  to Nome, deciding to continue the search on his own. Jenna, having fallen in love with Balto, gives him her bandanna to wear before nuzzling him good luck. He eventually finds the team, but Steele refuses his help out of callousness and ferociously attacks Balto, only to fall off a cliff. Balto takes charge of the team, but Steele, refusing to concede defeat, spitefully sabotages Balto's marks and the team loses their way again. While attempting to save the medicine from falling down a cliff, Balto himself falls. Back in Nome, Jenna is explaining Balto's mission to the  other dogs when Steele, feigning sadness and remorse, returns, lying that the entire team, including Balto and his musher, is dead, using Jenna's bandanna as fake proof and tells Jenna that Balto made Steele promise to look after her. Knowing that Balto would never say such a thing, Jenna sees through Steele's lies and insists that Balto will return with the medicine. Using a trick Balto showed her earlier, she places broken colored glass bottles on the outskirts of town and shines a lantern on them to simulate the Northern Lights, hoping that it will help guide Balto  home. When Balto regains consciousness, he is ready to give up, believing himself to have failed Rosy. When a polar wolf appears and Balto notices the medicine crate still intact nearby, he realizes, thanks to remembering Boris' advice he told him earlier, that his part-wolf heritage is a strength, not a weakness. Balto rallies his confidence, embraces his heritage and drags the medicine back up the cliff to the waiting team. Using his highly developed senses, Balto is able to filter out the fake marks that Steele created. After escaping an avalanche and falling stalactites in an ice cave , where they lose one vial, Balto and the sled team finally make it back to Nome, alerting Jenna, who then alerts the others. Steele is exposed as a liar and the other dogs abandon him in anger, refusing his pleads to explain. Reunited with his friends, Balto earns respect from both the dogs and the humans. He visits a cured Rosy who thanks him for saving her, before he is happily reunited with Jenna. Back in the present day, the woman, her granddaughter, and Blaze finally find Balto's memorial, and she explains that Alaska runs the Iditarod dog race  over the same path which Balto and his team took. The woman, revealed to be an elderly Rosy, repeats the same line, "Thank you, Balto. I would've been lost without you," before walking off to join her granddaughter and Blaze, while the statue of Balto stands proudly in the sunlight. Production. Production and development on "Balto" began in May 1989 at Universal City Studios and Amblin Entertainment in Universal City, California, along with "" (1991) and "We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story" (1993). Voice-recording sessions took place at The Bridge Facilities in London (now folded into Miloco Studios  and renamed The Bridge Writing Studio) between late 1992 and early 1993. Brendan Fraser was originally cast as Steele, because director Simon Wells had envisioned Steele as a school quarterback jock carried away by his sense of importance, and felt that Fraser fitted that personality well. According to Wells, "I liked Brendan a great deal, and we did one recording session with him that was terrific." However, executive producer Steven Spielberg wanted a clearer sense of Steele's "inherent evil", so Fraser was replaced by Jim Cummings. Wells stated that Cummings "did a fantastic job, and totally made the character  live, so I don't regret the choice." After the actors recorded their voices, animating and filming commenced at Amblimation in London on March 1, 1993. To have a source for the dogs' character animation to be based on, the filmmakers brought in about seven Siberian Huskies and videotaped them walking around in the studio. Although most of the film's animation was hand-drawn, the animators used Toonz to improve the graphics, and also created the snowstorms using an early CGI particle animation system. Additional animation was done by the Danish studio A. Film Production. James Horner composed the  film's music, including the film's only song, "Reach for the Light", sung by Steve Winwood, which plays over the film's closing credits. The film's live-action prologue and epilogue segments were filmed in Central Park in Fall 1994. The role as elderly Rosy's granddaughter's husky, Blaze, was played by two light red blue-eyed Siberian Huskies. Historical differences. The film has many historical inaccuracies: Release. The film was theatrically released in the United States on December 22, 1995 and then international theatres on January 13, 1996 when it first premiered in Brazil. Its release  was vastly overshadowed by that of Pixar Animation Studios' first film, "Toy Story," which had premiered a month earlier. Box office. The film ranked 15th on its opening weekend and earned $1.5 million from a total of 1,427 theaters. The film also ranked 7th among G-rated movies in 1995. Its total domestic gross was $11,348,324. Despite being the biggest box-office disappointment of the year, it was much more successful in terms of video sales. These strong video sales led to the release of two direct-to-video sequels: "" and "Balto III: Wings of Change" being created , though neither sequel received as strong a reception as the original film. Critical reception. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 56% based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 5.90/10. The website's critical consensus reads, ""Balto" is a well-meaning adventure with spirited animation, but mushy sentimentality and bland characterization keeps it at paw's length from more sophisticated family fare." Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film a positive review, describing the film as "a kids' movie, simply told, with lots of excitement and characters you can care about  and praised every thrilling scene. Home media. Balto" was released on VHS and Laserdisc on April 2, 1996, by MCA/Universal Home Video in North America and CIC Video internationally. The VHS version was made available once more on August 11, 1998, under the Universal Family Features label. The film was released on DVD on February 19, 2002, which includes a game, "Where is the Dog Sled Team?". This version was reprinted along with other Universal films such as "An American Tail", "" and "The Land Before Time". It was initially released in widescreen on Blu-ray for the first time  exclusively at Walmart retailers on April 4, 2017 before its wide release on July 4, 2017. Music. Balto: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack of the film, composed by James Horner. The soundtrack was released on December 4, 1995 by MCA. It includes the film's only song, "Reach for the Light" performed by Steve Winwood. Awards. The film received 5 Annie award nominations, including Best Animated Film, losing all to "Toy Story". Sequels. Two fictional direct-to-video sequels of the film followed, made by Universal Cartoon Studios with their animation done overseas by the Taiwanese studio Wang  Film Productions, as Amblimation had gone out of business. Due to the sequels being completely fictional and having a completely different crew, Kevin Bacon, Bob Hoskins, Bridget Fonda, and Phil Collins did not reprise their roles in either of them. Instead, Bacon was replaced by Maurice LaMarche as the voice of Balto, Hoskins was replaced by Charles Fleischer as the voice of Boris, Fonda was replaced by Jodi Benson as the voice of Jenna, and Collins was replaced by Kevin Schon as the voices of Muk and Luk. Furthermore, numerous supporting characters from the original (such as Steele, Nikki, Kaltag  and Star) either did not return in the sequels or were turned into background characters in them for unstated reasons (possibly because they were either written out by mistake or the writers simply forgot about their existence). The first sequel, "," was released in 2002 and follows the adventures of one of Balto and Jenna's pups, Aleu, who sets off to discover her wolf heritage. The second, "Balto III: Wings of Change", was released in 2005. The storyline follows the same litter of pups from "", but focuses on another pup, Kodi, who is a member of a U.S. Mail dog  sled delivery team, and is in danger of getting put out of his job by Duke, a pilot of a mail delivery bush plane. Unlike the original film, neither of the sequels took any historical references from the true story of Balto and contain no live action sequences.