Tianranxiu attacks on data centers exploited well-known vulnerabilities: Exploitation of software defaults. Many systems are shipped with default accounts and passwords, which are exploited for unauthorized access and theft of information. Common attacks. Common attacks include: Network security infrastructure. The network security infrastructure includes the security tools used in data centers to enforce security policies. The tools include packet-filtering technologies such as ACLs, firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDSs) both network-based and host-based. ACLs (Access Control List). ACLs are filtering mechanisms explicitly defined based on packet header information to permit or deny traffic on specific interfaces. ACLs 	Data center security
12676003	are used in multiple locations within the Data Center such as the Internet Edge and the intranet server farm. The following describes standard and extended access lists: Standard ACLs: the simplest type of ACL filtering traffic solely based on source IP addresses. Standard ACLs are typically deployed to control access to network devices for network management or remote access. For example, one can configure a standard ACL in a router to specify which systems are allowed to Telnet to it. Standard ACLs are not recommended option for traffic filtering due to their lack of granularity. Standard ACLSs are configured with 	Data center security
12676004	a number between 1 and 99 in Cisco routers. Extended ACLs: Extended ACL filtering decisions are based on the source and destination IP addresses, Layer 4 protocols, Layer 4 ports, ICMP message type and code, type of service, and precedence. In Cisco routers, one can define extended ACLs by name or by a number in the 100 to 199 range. Firewalls. A firewall is a sophisticated filtering device that separates LAN segments, giving each segment a different security level and establishing a security perimeter that controls the traffic flow between segments. Firewalls are most commonly deployed at the Internet Edge 	Data center security
12676005	where they act as boundary to the internal networks. They are expected to have the following characteristics: Performance: the main goal of a firewall is to separate the secured and the unsecured areas of a network. Firewalls are then post in the primary traffic path potentially exposed to large volumes of data. Hence, performance becomes a natural design factor to ensure that the firewall meets the particular requirements. Application support: Another important aspect is the ability of a firewall to control and protect a particular application or protocol, such as Telnet, FTP, and HTTP. The firewall is expected to understand 	Data center security
12676006	application-level packet exchanges to determine whether packets do follow the application behavior and, if they do not, do deny the traffic. There are different types of firewalls based on their packet-processing capabilities and their awareness of application-level information: IDSs. IDSs are real-time systems that can detect intruders and suspicious activities and report them to a monitoring system. They are configured to block or mitigate intrusions in progress and eventually immunize the systems from future attacks. They have two fundamental components: Layer 2 security. Cisco Layer 2 switches provide tools to prevent the common Layer 2 attacks 	Data center security
12676007	(Scanning or Probing, DoS, DDoS, etc.). The following are some security features covered by the Layer 2 Security: Security measures. The process of securing a data center requires both a comprehensive system-analysis approach and an ongoing process that improves the security levels as the Data Center evolves. The data center is constantly evolving as new applications or services become available. Attacks are becoming more sophisticated and more frequent. These trends require a steady evaluation of security readiness. A key component of the security-readiness evaluation is the policies that govern the application of security in the network including the 	Data center security
12676008	data center. The application includes both the design best practices and the implementation details. As a result, security is often considered as a key component of the main infrastructure requirement. Since a key responsibility of the data centers is to make sure of the availability of the services, data center management systems often consider how its security affects traffic flows, failures, and scalability. Due to the fact that security measures may vary depending on the data center design, the use of unique features, compliance requirements or the company's business goals, there is no set of specific measures that cover 	Data center security
12676009	all possible scenarios. There exist in general two types of data center security: physical security and virtual security. Physical security. The physical security of a data center is the set of protocol built-in within the data center facilities in order to prevent any physical damage to the machines storing the data. Those protocols should be able to handle everything ranging from natural disasters to corporate espionage to terrorist attacks. To prevent physical attacks, data centers use techniques such as: Virtual security. Virtual security is security measures put in place by the data centers to prevent remote unauthorized access that 	Data center security
12676010	will affect the integrity, availability or confidentiality of data stored on servers. Virtual or network security is a hard task to handle as there exist many ways it could be attacked. The worst part of it is that it is evolving years after years. For instance, an attacker could decide to use a malware (or similar exploits) in order to bypass the various firewalls to access the data. Old systems may as well put security at risk as they do not contain modern methods of data security. Virtual attacks can be prevented with techniques such as Data center security Data 	Data center security
12676011	Tianranxiu Tianranxiu Tianranxiu néeGao" (second half of 13th-century) was a Chinese actress ("yueji") of the "zaju" theater. She was described as a great beauty and regarded as a national treasure in contemporary China, praised for her roles as heroine and as female members of the Imperial family, and counted Bai Pu and Li Gaizhi among her admirers. Tianranxiu Tianranxiu née"Gao" (second half of 13th-century) was a Chinese actress ("yueji") of the "zaju" theater. She was described as a great beauty and regarded as a national treasure in contemporary China, praised for her roles as heroine and as female members