Meghe Dhaka Tara (2013 film) in marine deposits in Río Grande de Manatí, Puerto Rico that date back to the Pleistocene. Biology. During the day the polyps of the knobby brain coral are retracted into the corallites but at night they emerge and extend their tentacles to feed. The zooxanthellae are photosynthetic and up to fifty percent of their production is transferred to the host while they make use of the coral's nitrogenous waste. The knobby brain coral grows by the budding of new polyps and the deposition of new calcareous material. Growth is very slow and large corals may be over a hundred 	Pseudodiploria clivosa
625501	years old. Sexual reproduction occurs by the release of gametes into the water column. The planula larvae drift with the currents before settling on the seabed and undergoing metamorphosis into polyps. These begin to secrete their own skeletons and found new colonies. Pseudodiploria clivosa Pseudodiploria clivosa, the knobby brain coral, is a colonial species of stony coral in the family Mussidae. It occurs in shallow water in the West Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Description. The knobby brain coral is a massive coral that either forms hemispherical domes or, particularly in areas of high wave action, forms plates and encrusts 	Pseudodiploria clivosa
625502	Gravesham Borough Council Gravesham Borough Council Gravesham Borough Council is the local authority for the Borough of Gravesham in Kent. Wards. There are eighteen wards represented on the borough council: Elections. Gravesham Borough Council is elected every four years, with currently 44 Councillors being elected at each election. From the first election in 1973 the council has alternated between Labour and Conservative control. Since 1995 Labour has controlled the council apart from 4 years between the 2007 and 2011 elections. As of the 2019 election the council is composed as follows: Gravesham Borough Council Gravesham Borough Council is the local authority for the 	Gravesham Borough Council
625503	Sevenoaks District Council Sevenoaks District Council Sevenoaks District Council is the local authority for the Sevenoaks District in Kent. Elections and political control. The council consists of 54 elected councillors. As of the 2019 election, the political makeup of the council is: Audit. In 2009 the Audit Commission named Sevenoaks District Council as one of the four best-run and most efficient councils in the country. Sevenoaks District Council Sevenoaks District Council is the local authority for the Sevenoaks District in Kent. Elections and political control. The council consists of 54 elected councillors. As of the 2019 election, the political makeup of the 	Sevenoaks District Council
625504	Swale Borough Council Swale Borough Council Swale Borough Council is the local authority for Swale in Kent, England. History. The Local Government Act 1972 created the District of Swale by merging the Borough of Faversham; the Borough of Queenborough-in-Sheppey, which covered the whole of Sheppey; the Sittingbourne and Milton Urban District; and Swale Rural District. The council started functioning on 1 April 1974. Swale Borough Council was established as the local authority for the newly formed borough of Swale on 20 January 1978. Elections. Swale Borough Council is elected every four years, with currently 47 councillors being elected at each election	Swale Borough Council
625505	. After the Conservatives had a majority on the council from 1976 to 1986, no party had overall control from 1986 until the 2002 election when the Conservatives regained control. The Conservatives held their majority until the last election in 2019 when the council returned to no overall control. The council is currently composed of the following councillors:- Swale Borough Council Swale Borough Council is the local authority for Swale in Kent, England. History. The Local Government Act 1972 created the District of Swale by merging the Borough of Faversham; the Borough of Queenborough-in-Sheppey, which covered the whole of 	Swale Borough Council
625506	2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's singles 2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's singles Anastasiya Yakimova was the defending champion, having won the event in 2011, but chose not to participate in 2012. Hsieh Su-wei won the title, defeating Zhang Shuai in the final, 6–2, 6–2. 2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's singles Anastasiya Yakimova was the defending champion, having won the event in 2011, but chose not to participate in 2012. Hsieh Su-wei won the title, defeating Zhang Shuai in the final, 6–2, 6–2. 	2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's singles
625507	1998 Syracuse Orangemen football team 1998 Syracuse Orangemen football team The 1998 Syracuse Orangemen football team competed in football on behalf of Syracuse University during the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Orangemen were coached by Paul Pasqualoni and played their home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, New York. 1998 Syracuse Orangemen football team The 1998 Syracuse Orangemen football team competed in football on behalf of Syracuse University during the 1998 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Orangemen were coached by Paul Pasqualoni and played their home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse, New York. 	1998 Syracuse Orangemen football team
625508	Peravaram Peravaram Peravaram is a village located East Godavari District of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is locate in Atreyapuram Mandal of Amalapuram revenue division. Peravaram Peravaram is a village located East Godavari District of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is locate in Atreyapuram Mandal of Amalapuram revenue division. 	Peravaram
625509	Oxfam Novib/PEN Award Oxfam Novib/PEN Award Oxfam Novib/PEN Award for Freedom of Expression is a literary award made in collaboration with PEN International Writers in Prison Committee, the PEN Emergency Fund, and Oxfam Novib (the Dutch affiliate of the international Oxfam organization). The award is to recognize writers who have been persecuted for their work and continue working despite the consequences. Honorees receive . The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world. Oxfam Novib/PEN Award Oxfam Novib/PEN Award for Freedom of Expression is a literary award made 	Oxfam Novib/PEN Award
625510	Milliner (surname) Milliner (surname) Milliner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Milliner (surname) Milliner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: 	Milliner (surname)
625511	2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's doubles 2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's doubles Tetiana Luzhanska and Zheng Saisai are the defending champions. Shuko Aoyama and Chang Kai-chen won the title, defeating Luzhanska and Zheng 6–2, 7–5 in the final. 2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's doubles Tetiana Luzhanska and Zheng Saisai are the defending champions. Shuko Aoyama and Chang Kai-chen won the title, defeating Luzhanska and Zheng 6–2, 7–5 in the final. 	2012 Ningbo Challenger – Women's doubles
625512	Maggie Gobran Maggie Gobran Maggie Gobran or Mama Maggie, a Coptic Orthodox, is the founder and CEO of the non-profit charity Stephen's Children in Cairo, Egypt. She was also professor of computer science at the American University in Cairo, is married and has a son and a daughter. She was nominated for the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. Life. Maggie Gobran often referred to as the Mother Teresa of Cairo, is a Coptic Christian lady who once lived an affluent lifestyle, sheltered from the poverty and misery. Despite this, she still experienced persecution as a Christian in Egypt. In 1989, she 	Maggie Gobran
625513	gave up her academic career to become a Coptic Orthodox Christian consecrated servant and set up the charity Stephen's Children, whose aim is improving the lives of the children of Christians and families living in Cairo's slum quarters and impoverished communities in rural Upper Egypt. She also offers help to impoverished Muslim and Bahá'í children. In 2019, she was awarded the International Women of Courage Award by the Department of United States and the US First Lady Melania Trump. Gobran was on the list of the BBC's 100 Women announced on 23 November 2020. Resources. Her own 	Maggie Gobran
625514	words (English) Story (documentary in English) Maggie Gobran Maggie Gobran or Mama Maggie, a Coptic Orthodox, is the founder and CEO of the non-profit charity Stephen's Children in Cairo, Egypt. She was also professor of computer science at the American University in Cairo, is married and has a son and a daughter. She was nominated for the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. Life. Maggie Gobran often referred to as the Mother Teresa of Cairo, is a Coptic Christian lady who once lived an affluent lifestyle, sheltered from the poverty and misery. Despite this, she still experienced persecution as a 	Maggie Gobran
625515	Meghe Dhaka Tara (2013 film) Meghe Dhaka Tara (2013 film) Meghe Dhaka Tara (; ) is a 2013 Indian Bengali film directed by Kamaleswar Mukherjee and made under Shree Venkatesh Films banners. The film is inspired from the life and works of Bengali film director Ritwik Ghatak. The entire film is in black and white except the last scene which has been shot in colour. In this film Saswata Chatterjee plays the character of Nilkantha Bagchi and Ananya Chatterjee plays the role of Durga, Nilkantha's wife. The film was released on 14 June 2013. Besides giving an account of Ghatak's life, the film also depicts 	Meghe Dhaka Tara (2013 film)
625516	the socio-political environment of contemporary West Bengal during the Tebhaga and Naxalite movements. Anandabazar Patrika", after a special screening of the film in November 2012, wrote in their review that this film had potential to become a "classic" film. The acting of Saswata Chatterjee as Nilkantha Bagchi was widely appreciated too. Plot. To Ritwik Ghatak film was not merely a form of entertainment, but a weapon, a medium to portray the struggle of common man He was successful neither in his career nor could he become a good family man or husband. Still, he was an artist who never  compromised for personal gain, fame or profit. The story of the film starts in 1969 and deals with Ritwik Ghatak's time spent in a mental asylum. It shows Nilkantha being admitted to mental asylum under the supervision of Doctor S. P. Mukherjee. S. P. Mukherjee learns that the Prime Minister of India knows Nilkantha and is fond of his works and may request the hospital authority to take special care of him. In the hospital, a police officer sees Nilkantha and tells Doctor Mukherjee that he is a wasted drunkard. Another patient of hospital mocks Nilkantha as a "disgraced  intellectual". Even while he was undergoing treatment in the hospitals, he writes a play and stages it with other asylum patients. The film shows how Durga (Nilkantha's wife) wants to leave him saying "separation is essential". Nilkantha witnessed partition of Bengal and its devastating effect and in his youth became attracted towards communism. Throughout the film, Nilkantha's mental agony, struggles, inner contradictions, disappointments as well as financial troubles faced by him are shown. He clearly tells, it is not possible for him to make entertaining or commercial films. During a discussion, Nilkantha asks Doctor Mukherjee that should a  man perform "mujra" at a time when the society is burning? He also tells Doctor Mukherjee that he is a "people's artist" and that is his job. The film also shows the atmosphere of Bengal during "Tebhaga" and Naxalite movements. A scene has been shown in the film where a book named "How to be a good communist?" is burning. This scene symbolises Ghatak's dissatisfaction with India's communist politics. When Durga tells Nilkantha that they don't have a single rupee to run the family, Nilkantha readily replies, it is not money but it is one's  work which will remain forever. Production. Development. Director Kamaleswar Mukherjee wanted to pay tribute to film-maker Ritwik Ghatak and decided to make this film which is a fictional account of a filmmaker's life and the filmmaker's character is inspired by Ritwik Ghatak's life and works. He told, he got inspiration from all of Ghatak's works and his life, Ghatak's "Meghe Dhaka Tara" (1960) was one of them. This film was Mukherjee's second films as a director after "Uro Chithi" which was a box-office failure. At first the film was named "Jwala" (meaning , "pain" or "agony"). About the title of the film Mukherjee told, despite being a film director Ghatk's life was capped with clouds which creates a connection between Ghatak and Nilkantha, the protagonist of the film. Mukherjee used the following books to do the research works for the film— Filming. The entire film is in black and white except the last scene which has been shot in colour. The scene is the film's climax too. The film was shot in Kolkata and Purulia. Some of the most important scenes of the film were shot in Purulia including a long  rain scene where Ghatak too shot his last film "Jukti Takko Aar Gappo". Kamaleswar Mukherjee found the local people of Purulia enthusiastic and helpful. Some of the rehearsals were organized at Kolkata's "Muktangan" theatre. Film's director Kamaleswar Mukherjee told in an interview– "Neither is my film Ritwik's biopic nor is it a remake of his legendary film. It tells a story in a completely new style and has no similarity with the original. I'm inspired by all of Ghatak's works and his life; "MDT" is just one of them. The audience will realize this once  they watch my film." Saswata Chatterjee described the film as a "dream project" and told his experiences during the shooting were incredible. He also told that he was amazed to see the amount of research works Kamaleswar Mukherjee did to direct this film. Characters and casting. Saswata Chatterjee as Nilkantha Bagchi. Saswata Chatterjee portrayed Nilkantha's character in the film. Kamaleswar Mukherjee told in an interview that Saswata was their first choice for this role as he felt ""Apu da"" was perfect to portray the character created by Ghatak. Mahendra Soni, one of the producers of the film, later told  if Saswata had denied playing the character then they would have asked Kamaleswar Mukherjee to act the role himself as they knew Mukherjee had a theatre background and is a good actor too. After playing the role of Bob Biswas in the film "Kahaani" Saswata received many similar offers, but he did not want to repeat his performance of Bob. When the offer of this film's protagonist role came to him he accepted. Chatterjee had already worked with film's director Kamaleswar Mukherjee before. In an interview Chatterjee told that he tried and shed some bodyweight to fit in  the character of Nilkantha. He told, he watched a lot of Ghatak's films and documentaries to understand his body language. Chatterjee told in an interview that during the shooting he became so involved with his character that he even faced difficulties to talk to his wife Mohua at that time. Ananya Chatterjee as Durga. Ananya Chatterjee played the role of Durga, Nilkantha's wife. In the film "Jukti Takko Aar Gappo" too the name of Nilkantha's wife character was Durga. Kamaleswar Mukherjee selected Chatterjee to portray this role for her acting skill and Mukherjee found a type of  seriousness in her expressions which were needed for the role. To prepare for this role, Chatterjee used to read the script of the film over and over again. She also used to spend time to understand Durga's feelings towards Nilkantha. Doctor S. P. Mukherjee. Abir Chattejee played the role of psychiatrist Doctor S. P. Mukherjee. Doctor Mukherjee tries to find out Nilkantha's confusion. This was an important character in the film. Ananya Chatterjee later told in a light mode— "actually, in this film, Abir is like Saswata’s wife because they are together in most of the scenes ." Meenu's character, inspired by Supriya Devi, was played by Mumtaz Sorcar. Sorcar felt, portraying this role was a very difficult job, but, she thanked Kamaleswar Mukherjee for giving her independence to develop the character in her own way. Bikram is a playwright, theatre director and actor. The character was inspired from Bijon Bhattacharya and was played by Subhasish Mukherjee. Gurudas is also a theatre actor and theatre activist like Nilkantha. The character was inspired by Kali Banerjee and played by Padmababha Dasgupta. Soundtrack. The music of the film was composed by Debojyoti Mishra. Release. The film is released on  14 June 2013 in Kolkata with English subtitles. In an interview given in August 2012, Kamaleswar Mukherjee expected that the film would release in mid-October of that year, but the release got delayed because the production house of the film wanted to send it in different international film festivals first. The film was attempted to be sent at Cannes Film Festival and it was screened at Berlin International Film Festival. The film created much excitement before its release. Reception. Pre-release reception. After a special screening of the film in Kolkata, "Anandabazar Patrika" published a review in their newspaper  on 28 November 2012. In that review, the making of the film was widely appreciated and the film was tagged as an "authentic period film". The review highly praised Saswata Chatterjee's acting as Nilkantha and gave it "letter marks". They also felt Saswata Chatterjee's portrayal of Nilkantha was better than his previous popular character Bob Biswas of "Kahaani". The review predicted that this film had the potential to become a "cult" or "classic" film in future. After watching this film in a closed preview, Bengali film director Raj Chakraborty cancelled editing works of his own film for that  day. Raj Chakraborty later told— "how could I do editing works of my own film on a day in which I saw a film like "Meghe Dhaka Tara"? I did not want to commit such a mistake!" He also told that he was even ready to work as an assistant director to Kamaleswar Mukherjee who made such a film. After watching the film, Shrikant Mohta of Shree Venkatesh Films felt this was the best film made under their banners. Post-release reception. The film received positive reviews from reviewers and critics. "The Times of India" commented in their review, though  Ghatak's personal life was well-known, Mukherjee's fictional retelling of his life was interesting. They found the script of the film well-researched and the real-life characters like Bijon Bhattacharya, Sobha Sen, Supriya Devi were woven neatly. They stated, using color in only the last few scenes was a masterstroke. Bengali newspaper "Anandabazar Patrika" widely appreciated the making of the film and gave it 8 out of 10 and commented Kamaleshwar Mukherjee should have come to film direction much earlier. Meghe Dhaka Tara (2013 film) Meghe Dhaka Tara (; ) is a 2013 Indian Bengali film directed by Kamaleswar