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small teeth Westfield NJ Health SA Gesondheid - Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2006
Volume 11, Issue 4, December 2006
Author A.G.W. Nolte
A group work programme to support and empower non-professional caregivers of people living with AIDS : research
Authors: Corinne Strydom and C.C. Wessels
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 11, pp 3 –21 (2006)
According to a literature study and a research survey conducted in 2004, caregivers are increasingly forced to deal with people living with AIDS as health services are unable to cope with the fast-growing HIV / AIDS epidemic. Caring for an individual with AIDS-related disease is usually time-consuming, burdensome and stressful. There is also evidence of increased susceptibility to physical health problems, emotional distress and psychiatric disturbances amongst caregivers. There are a number of strategies that should be employed to ensure that caregivers are encouraged to do their work to the best of their ability, without them having to sacrifice their health, family life and own needs. One of the strategies that could help in this regard is the presentation of a group work programme. A programme was presented to 14 female caregivers from a church in a disadvantaged community. The group met for eight consecutive weeks. During the two-hour sessions various topics, including self-knowledge, self-esteem, communication, conflict handling, roles of caregivers, and relationships with the person living with AIDS, were discussed. The group members were subjected to measurement by means of the single system. According to this measurement and an evaluation questionnaire, the programme did succeed in supporting and empowering them as caregivers.
Volgens &apos;n literatuurstudie en &apos;n empiriese ondersoek wat in 2004 onderneem is, word versorgers toenemend onder druk geplaas om met mense wat met VIGS lewe te werk, omdat die gesondheidsdienste nie meer die groeiende MIV / VIGS epidemie kan hanteer nie. Om &apos;n individu met &apos;n VIGS-verwante siekte te versorg is baie tydrowend, moeisaam en spanningsvol. Daar is ook tekens van verhoogde vatbaarheid vir fisiese gesondheidsprobleme, emosionele spanning, en psigiatriese steurnisse onder versorgers. Daar is &apos;n aantal strategieë wat aangewend kan word om te verseker dat versorgers aangemoedig word om hulle werk tot die beste van hulle vermoëns te doen, sonder om hulle eie gesondheid, gesinslewe en eie behoeftes onder geskik te stel. Een van die strategieë wat in hierdie opsig kan help is die aanbieding van &apos;n groepwerkprogram. &apos;n Program is aan 14 vroulike versorgers van &apos;n kerk in &apos;n behoeftige gemeenskap aangebied. Die groep het vir agt agtereenvolgende weke ontmoet. Tydens die twee-uurlange sessies is die volgende onderwerpe bespreek: selfkennis, selfbeeld, kommunikasie, konflikhantering, rolle van die versorgers en die verhoudings met die persoon wat met VIGS lewe. Die groeplede is onderwerp aan meting deur middel van die enkel stelsel. Volgens hierdie metings en die evalueringsvraelyste, het die program daarin geslaag om die versorgers te ondersteun en te bemagtig.
Factors influencing adolescent mothers&apos; non-utilisation of contraceptives in the Mkhondo area : research
Authors: D.E. Mbambo, V.J. Ehlers and L.V. Monareng
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 11, pp 22 –31 (2006)
This study investigated factors influencing adolescent mothers&apos; non-utilisation of contraceptives in the Mkhondo (previously known as the Piet Retief) area. Although contraceptives are available free of charge, the number of adolescent mothers continues to increase in this area. Questionnaires were completed by 107 adolescent mothers. Many participants (70.0%) lacked knowledge about contraceptives. Subsequent to the birth of their babies, only 59.81% used contraceptives, risking further pregnancies.The findings indicate that adolescents, from the age of 12, should receive education about contraceptives. The availability of contraceptives during weekends could help adolescents to prevent unplanned pregnancies. Health education should be given to the mothers in the Mkhondo area so that they can provide more effective education about contraceptives to their daughters.
Hierdie studie het faktore ondersoek wat bydra tot adolessente moeders se versuim om voorbehoedmiddels te gebruik in die Mkhondo-(voorheen bekend as Piet Retief) area. Alhoewel voorbehoedmiddels gratis beskikbaar is, neem die getal adolessente moeders in hierdie area steeds toe. Vraelyste is deur 107 adolessente moeders voltooi. Heelwat deelnemers (70.0%) het gebrekkige kennis oor kontrasepsie getoon. Na die geboorte van hulle babas het slegs 59.81% kontrasepsie gebruik, wat &apos;n risiko vir verdere swangerskappe ingehou het. Die bevindinge dui aan dat adolessente, vanaf 12-jarige ouderdom, onderrig oor kontrasepsie behoort te ontvang. Die beskikbaarheid van voorbehoedmiddels gedurende naweke kan adolessente help om onbeplande swangerskappe te voorkom. Gesondheidsvoorliging moet aan die moeders in die Mkhondo-area verskaf word sodat hulle meer effektiewe onderrig oor kontrasepsie aan hulle dogters kan oordra.
National guidelines for the management of diabetes mellitus : a nursing perspective : research
Authors: Coleen A. O&apos;Brien, Dalena Van Rooyen and Sheree Carlson
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 11, pp 32 –45 (2006)
Vanaf 1994 het die klem ten opsigte van die voorsiening van gesondheidsdienste in Suid-Afrika verskuif van hospitaalgebaseerde gesondheidsorg na &apos;n gemeenskapsgebaseerde omvattende primêre gesondheidsorgsisteem, veral wat die hantering van chroniese siektes soos Diabetes Mellitus (DM) betref. Die voorkoms van DM neem volgens die Wêreld Gesondheid Organisasie wêreldwyd vinnig toe, gevolglik word bewysgebaseerde riglyne vir die beheer en hantering van DM in baie lande ontwikkel. Die doel van hierdie riglyne is om optimale versorging aan pasiënte so koste-effektief moontlik te voorsien, om die vroeë opsporing van DM (Tipe 2) te fasiliteer en om &apos;n raamwerk vir pasiëntvoorligting daar te stel wat noodsaaklik is vir selfhantering en selfmonitering van die gesondheidsprobleem. Geregistreerde verpleegkundiges speel ?n uiters belangrike rol in die hantering van pasiënte met DM. Die oortuigings van geregistreerde verpleegkundiges ten opsigte van die nasionale riglyne vir die beheer en hantering van DM (tipe 2) is in hierdie studie ondersoek en beskryf en metodes om die implementering van die nasionale riglyne in die praktyk te fasiliteer, is geïdentifiseer. Geregistreerde verpleegkundiges wat aan hierdie studie deelgeneem het, het definitiewe positiewe menings ten opsigte van die nasionale riglyne. Hulle is tevrede met die inhoud van die riglyne en beskou dit as &apos;n effektiewe bydrae tot die hantering van DM, indien dit korrek geïmplementeer word. Die deelnemers het egter verskeie faktore geïdentifiseer wat die effektiewe implementering van die riglyne belemmer. Aanbevelings is voorgestel om die geregistreerde verpleegkundiges te ondersteun in die implementering en gebruik van die nasionale riglyne.
Adolescents&apos; experience of a parental traumatic brain injury : research
Authors: D. Harris and A.D. Stuart
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 11, pp 46 –56 (2006)
This study explores the experiences of four adolescents, each living with a parent who has sustained a traumatic brain injury, against the theoretical backdrop of existential-phenomenological psychology. In-depth interviews were conducted and analysed within the context of the existential phenomenology, in an attempt to gain a deep understanding of the psychologically complex themes and patterns embedded in the experience. The phenomenon of parental traumatic brain injury was characterised by denial, anger, grief, guilt, anxiety, over-protectiveness, social isolation, and change in many areas of the participants&apos; lives. The adolescents coped using both approaches and avoidance styles of coping. Religion was a theme in the lives of all four adolescents. Despite the professed negative impact of the experience of having a traumatically brain-injured parent, the adolescents in the current study managed to find some degree of positive meaning in having to cope with such a traumatic event and its consequences. The results are interpreted within an existential-phenomenological psychology framework.
Prescribing patterns of antiretroviral drugs in a section of the private health care sector of South Africa : research
Authors: Danie Scholtz, Martie S. Lubbe, Jan H.P. Serfontein, Dorcas Rakumakoe and Ronel Smit
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 11, pp 57 –70 (2006)
The general objective of this study was to investigate the prescribing patterns and cost of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in the private health care sector in South Africa by using a medicine claims database. A quantitative, retrospective drug utilisation review was performed on data retrieved from 2001, 2002 and 2004 records. Antiretroviral drugs represented 0.38% (n = 1 475 380) for 2001, 0.72% (n = 2 076 236) for 2002, and 1.68% (n = 2 595 254) for 2004 of all studied prescriptions. The total cost of the ARV drugs represented 1.31% (R379 708 489) for 2001, 3.03% (R601 350 325) for 2002, and increased to 5.25% (R661 223 146) for 2004 of all drugs claimed. All ARV medicine items claimed during 2001 (n = 9 796) and 2002 (n = 35 271) were innovator products. Only 5.23% (n=5 329) of all the ARV medicine items (n = 101 938) claimed during 2004 were generic products. The average cost per ARV medicine item for 2004 increased from R317.93 (SD = R190.80) for the period January to April to R369.20 (SD = R219.50) for the period May to August, and decreased to R324.79 (SD = R212.48) for the period September to December and resulted in a cost saving of R41 044.35 for the period May to August versus September to December. Both the prevalence and cost of ARV drug therapy increased from 2001 to 2002. The prevalence increased from 2002 to 2004, but the cost decreased during 2004. The decrease in the cost of ARV drug therapy is probably a result of the implementation of the new pricing regulations in May 2004.
Die doel van hierdie studie was om die voorskryfpatrone en medisynekoste van antiretrovirale (ARV) geneesmiddels in die private gesondheidsorgsektor in Suid-Afrika te ondersoek. &apos;n Kwantitatiewe, retrospektiewe studie van medisyneverbruik vir die jare 2001, 2002 en 2004 is met behulp van &apos;n medisyne-eise databasis uitgevoer. Antiretrovirale geneesmiddels verteenwoordig vir 2001 0.38% (n = 1 475 380), vir 2002 0.72% (n = 2 076 236) en vir 2004 1.68% (n = 2 595 254) van alle bestudeerde voorskrifte. ARV geneesmiddels verteenwoordig 1.31% (R379 708 489) van die totale koste van medisyne geëis vir 2001, 3.03% (R601 350 325) vir 2002 en toon &apos;n styging tot 5.25% (R661 223 146) vir 2004. Alle ARV geneesmiddels wat gedurende 2001 (n = 9 796) en 2002 (n = 35 271) geëis is, was oorspronklike produkte. Slegs 5.23% (n = 5 329) van die ARV geneesmiddels (n = 101 938) wat gedurende 2004 geëis is, was generiese produkte. Die gemiddelde koste vir ARV medisyne-items het in 2004 soos volg toegeneem: R317.93 (SA = R190.80) vir Januarie tot April, neem toe na R369.20 (SA = R219.50) vir Mei tot Augustus. &apos;n Afname is gevind in die September- tot Desember-periode, naamlik R324.79 (SA = R212.48) wat &apos;n kostebesparing van R41 044.35 veroorsaak het vir die tydperk Mei tot Augustus versus September tot Desember. Beide die voorkoms en koste van antiretrovirale geneesmiddelterapie het toegeneem van 2001 tot 2002. Die voorkoms het van 2002 tot 2004 toegeneem, maar die koste van geneesmiddelterapie het gedurende 2004 afgeneem. Die afname in koste kan moontlik die gevolg wees van die instelling van nuwe prysregulasies in Mei 2004.