German submarine U-195
German submarine "U-195" was a Type IXD1 transport U-boat which served in World War II. The submarine was laid down on 15 May 1941 at the DeSchiMAG AG Weser yard in Bremen as yard number 1041, launched on 8 April 1942, and commissioned on 5 September 1942 under the command of "Korvettenkapitän" Heinz Buchholz. "U-195" was one of two IX-D1 transport U-boats that had their forward torpedo tubes removed and the compartment converted into a cargo hold. The other IX-D1 was , which was lost in the Bay of Biscay in 1944 whilst setting  out for a voyage to Japan. ("U-180" had been trialled originally with six diesel engines driving two propeller shafts, but overheating proved such a problem that these engines were removed and replaced with a pair of 2,200 hp MAN diesel engines). It is unclear if "U-195" underwent the same engine history as "U-180", but it seems likely. Design. German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs. "U-195" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height  of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for  at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . "U-195" was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five. Operational history. First patrol. "U-195" departed Kiel on 20 March 1943 and sailed to the waters off South Africa where she sank two ships and damaged another. On 11 April she torpedoed the American 7,200 GRT liberty ship "James W. Denver  about west of Las Palmas, Canary Islands. The ship, a straggler from Convoy UGS-7 en route from Baltimore to Casablanca, was loaded with sugar, acid, flour, aircraft parts, vehicles, bulldozers and had twelve P-38 Lightning aircraft as deck cargo. The crew of 69 abandoned ship in five lifeboats. The U-boat then fired two more torpedoes which sank the vessel. Another unescorted liberty ship, Samuel Jordan Kirkwood" was torpedoed on 7 May about southeast of Ascension Island. The crew of 71 abandoned ship in four lifeboats and a raft before the U-boat sank the ship with another torpedo. On  12 May, the unescorted 6,797 GRT American merchant ship "Cape Neddick" was hit by two torpedoes. One failed to explode, while the other tore a hole by in the side. Still under way, the ship's armed guards opened fire at the U-boat with their , , and 20 mm guns. The vessel began to sink, and most of the crew abandoned ship in two lifeboats and three rafts. After more than an hour the master and six volunteers re-boarded the ship and got her under way, just as "U-195" fired another torpedo, which missed. The next day, the ship  returned to pick up the men in the boats and rafts, and on 16 May arrived safely at Walvis Bay, South Africa. "U-195" arrived at Bordeaux on 23 July after a patrol lasting 126 days. Second patrol. Now under the command of "Oblt.z.S." Friedrich Steinfeldt, "U-195" left Bordeaux in occupied France on 24 August 1944 and arrived at Batavia (now part of Indonesia), 127 days later on 28 December. Amongst her cargo were parts of 12 dismantled V-2 rockets for the Japanese military. also carried part of the same V-2 rocket consignment. Both U-boats arrived at Batavia in  December 1944. These two U-boats are also thought to have carried Uranium oxide requested for Japan's atomic bomb project by General Toranouke Kawashima in July 1943. The signals requesting Uranium were part of the PURPLE decrypts which have since been declassified by the United States. U-195 head north to Brunei in order to refuel for the next journey. Third patrol. "U-195"s final patrol involved an abortive attempt by several U-boats to sail back to Europe. Leaving Batavia on 19 January 1945 she sailed out into the Indian Ocean, south of Madagascar. There she refuelled U-boats of  the "Monsun Gruppe" and then returned to Batavia on 4 March. Imperial Japanese Navy. After Germany's surrender in early May 1945, "U-195" was taken over by the Imperial Japanese Navy and was commissioned as "I-506" on 15 July. The U-boat surrendered to the Allies at Batavia in August 1945, she was scuttled on 15 February 1946 and was broken up in 1947. Some members of the German crew were apprehended by Dutch military forces in Malang (East-Java) on 1 August 1947