Robatayaki
In Japanese cuisine, , often shortened to robata (ろばた in hiragana), refers to a method of cooking, similar to barbecue in which items of food are cooked at varying speeds over hot charcoal. Many Japanese restaurants, both in Japan and abroad, specialize in this style of food preparation. Traditionally, the food consists of a combination of morsels of seafood and vegetables, but other kinds of food that are suitable for grilling may also be offered. The robata cooking style is different from other Japanese charcoal cooking in that it uses a wide, flat open fireplace in the style of an  irori, rather than a shichirin or other type of charcoal cooking implement. History. "Robata" originates from a centuries-old country style of cooking by northern Japanese fishermen around a communal hearth () that serves as a cooking area and a source of heat, found on the northernmost island of Japan, Hokkaido. The fishermen needed a way to cook on the boats, so they encased binchōtan coals in a stone box to protect the boat from the intense heat. After a government campaign depicting Hokkaido as an idyllic rustic area, this style of cooking became popular all over Japan. The first "robata  restaurant (named Robata") opened in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture. Proving a successful formula, soon more "robata" restaurants followed, starting in Osaka. As of 1965, there were more than 10,000 such restaurants across the country. In the fishermen's town of Kushiro on Hokkaido, now many restaurants specialize in this style of cuisine. The Fuki-ya restaurant once owned by Junko and Richard K. Diran in the Japan Center (San Francisco) is said to have been the first robatayaki restaurant in the United States. Cultural connotations. While the setup varies, a common arrangement has the grill in a central position, whether as  a hearth in a sandpit as for the traditional "irori", or on a raised dais, around which the customers are seated. In Japan, where the "robata" restaurant is often also a male-dominated drinking establishment ("izakaya"), this evokes a highly prized nostalgic feeling among the clientele.