Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon
Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon (NIL, ""Nominals in the Indo-European Lexicon"") is an etymological dictionary of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) nominals, that is, nouns and adjectives. It appeared in 2008, edited by German linguists Dagmar S. Wodtko, Britta Irslinger, and Carolin Schneider. Like other modern PIE dictionaries, "NIL" utilizes the modern three-laryngeal theory for its reconstructions. History. During the 2000s, scientists at the University of Freiburg worked on a project called "Indogermanisches Nomen" ("Indo-European Nominal"), comprising a volume on nominal inflection, to become part of Manfred Mayrhofer's series on Indo -European grammar; a dictionary called "Lexikon der indogermanischen Nomina" ("LIN", "Lexicon of the Indo-European Nominals" in analogy to the "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben", "LIV"); and a work on PIE primary adjectives. Eventually, the project was cancelled due to cutting of funds. In 2008, a reduced version of the "LIN" was published under the title "Nomina im Indogermanischen Lexikon". It includes only a limited selection of words and is lacking the planned grammatical section, which should have listed PIE nominal inflection types (again in analogy to the "LIV") along with their scope of use and syntactic implications. Still, an  overview of PIE mechanisms for deriving nominals from verbs – root nouns, suffixes, vṛddhi derivations, etc. – is included. Entries. Part of the entries are based on noun stems (for example 'horse') or adjectival stems ( 'deep'), while a large number of PIE nominals are derived from verbal roots (such as 'shine, glow'). The entries are modelled on the concept of the "LIV". Each contains The daughter languages often have changed the meanings of inherited words. Consequently, many of "NIL"s entries contain words with widely different meanings. For example, the entry 'deep' treats the Lithuanian words "dubùs" 'deep' and "dubuõ" 'bowl, pelvis', Old  Irish "dub(o/ā)" 'dark, black', and Albanian "det" 'sea', among many others. 'shine, glow' lists derivatives with meanings as diverse as 'a light, insight, appearance, wrath, white, clean.'