Cliff Thorburn
Clifford Charles Devlin Thorburn (born January 16, 1948) is a Canadian retired professional snooker player. Nicknamed "The Grinder" because of his slow, determined style of play, he won the World Snooker Championship in 1980, defeating Alex Higgins 18–16 in the final to become the first world champion in the sport's modern era from outside the United Kingdom. Thorburn was runner-up in two other World Championships, losing 21–25 to John Spencer in the 1977 final and 6–18 to Steve Davis in the 1983 final. One of his most celebrated moments came during his second-round encounter with  Terry Griffiths in 1983, when he became the first player to compile a maximum break in a World Championship match. He was the second player, after Davis, to make a televised 147 break in professional competition. His other notable achievements include holding the number one ranking during the 1981–82 season and winning the invitational Masters three times, in 1983, 1985, and 1986. This made him the first player to win the Masters three times and the first to retain the title. He retired from the main professional tour in 1996 and was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame  in 2001. Thorburn subsequently competed in Snooker Legends events and on the World Seniors Tour, winning the 2018 Seniors Masters at the Crucible Theatre at age 70. On 5 January 2022, shortly before turning 74, he played his last competitive match at the 2022 UK Seniors Championship. Early life. Thorburn was born on 16 January 1948 in Victoria, British Columbia. His parents separated when he was eighteen months old. He was abandoned by his mother, and after spending about two years in an orphanage during a custody dispute, was raised by his father and his father's mother. He was  told that his mother had died, but, aged twenty, learnt that she was still alive. He played pool and lacrosse in his youth, and set a one-game scoring record of ten goals in the Greater Victoria Minor Lacrosse Association "midget division" in 1958. He left school at the age of 16, and travelled across Canada playing pool and snooker money matches, taking jobs as a dishwasher and working on a garbage truck to help earn money for his stakes. In 1968 he entered his first tournaments, and won the Toronto City Championship. He spent time with Fred Davis and  Rex Williams when they toured Canada in 1970, and afterwards became a resident professional at the House of Champions club in Toronto. In July 1970, he reportedly made a maximum break of 147 in a non-competitive game against Fred Hardwick. He won the North American championship in 1971, and during the event, equalled the record for most century breaks in a single tournament, six, that was jointly held by Joe Davis and George Chenier. Early professional career. Thorburn played John Spencer in a series of three exhibition matches in 1971, and although he lost all three, Spencer recommended to  the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association that Thorburn should be accepted as a professional. Thorburn travelled to England in 1973, and on the day of his arrival, the reigning world snooker champion Alex Higgins offered to play him for £5 a frame. Thorburn, receiving 28 points start in each frame, claims to have beaten Higgins in every frame they played, and that Higgins refused to pay up. At the 1973 World Snooker Championship, his first tournament on the professional snooker circuit, Thorburn defeated Dennis Taylor 9–8 in the first round then lost 15–16 to Williams in the second  round. Later that year, he had a 4–0 win over Pat Houlihan at the 1973 Norwich Union Open before losing 2–4 to Higgins in the quarter-final. In the 1974 World Snooker Championship he defeated Alex McDonald 8–3 in qualifying then lost 4–8 to Paddy Morgan in the first round. He started the 1974–75 snooker season with a victory in the 1974 Canadian Open, knocking out Willie Thorne and Graham Miles to reach the final, where he won 8–6 against Taylor. He reached the quarter-finals of the 1975 World Snooker Championship with wins over Morgan and Miles, losing the  quarter-final 12–19 to Eddie Charlton, and, the following year, was eliminated 14–15 by Higgins in the first round of the 1976 World Snooker Championship. The 1977 World Snooker Championship was the first to be held at the Crucible Theatre. Thorburn became the first Canadian world snooker championship finalist. He whitewashed Chris Ross 11–0 in qualifying, then recorded a 13–6 win over Williams. In the quarter-final, he won in the deciding frame, 13–12, against Charlton. He overcame Taylor 18–16 in the semi-final, and twelve hours later was facing Spencer in the final. Spencer built a 4–2 lead at  the end of the first , but Thorburn won four of the next six frames and they finished the second session level at 6–6. Thorburn took the first two frames of the third session, and it finished with them level again, at 9–9. Thorburn built a 13–11 lead during the fourth session, and extended it to 15–11 before Spencer won four consecutive frames to make it 15–15; the next session again saw them share the frames, finishing at 18–18. Spencer won three frames in a row to lead 21–18, with Thorburn taking the next two, to trail by just a single  frame. Spencer took the last frame of the session, leading 22–20. In the last session, Thorburn again narrowed the gap to one frame, but then Spencer won three in a row to achieve victory at 25–21. Thorburn reached the final of the 1978 Masters with wins over Doug Mountjoy and Spencer, losing 5–7 to Higgins in the final. He was knocked out of the 1978 World Snooker Championship by Charlton, 12–13 in the quarter-finals. In the 1978–79 snooker season he defeated Tony Meo 17–15 in the final to win the 1978 Canadian Open after having trailed 6–10 at the  end of the first day of the final, but lost his opening matches in both the Masters (4–5 to Perrie Mans) and the World Championship (10–13 to John Virgo). He retained his Canadian Open title in 1979, taking a 10–3 lead over Terry Griffiths before winning the match in the deciding frame, at 17–16. 1980s. 1980 world snooker champion. Thorburn had defeated Virgo 6–1 in the round robin phase of the 1980 Bombay International, but lost 7–13 to him in the final. He won 5–3 against Virgo in the first round of the 1980 Masters, then lost 3–5 to Griffiths  in the quarter-final. In advance of the 1980 World Championship, he practiced at a club near the Crucible that was owned by a friend, and gave up smoking and drinking alcohol for a week before the tournament. His first match was against Mountjoy, with Thorburn finishing their first session 3–5 behind. In the evening, he played cards and drank alcohol with friends until 5:00 am, resuming the match the next day by winning the first five frames in succession. Thorburn won the match 13–10. In the quarter-final, he beat Jim Wych 13–6, having led 5–3, 9–3 and 10–6 . He led David Taylor 5–3 after their first semi-final session, and 11–4 at the end of the second. In the last session of the match, Thorburn extended his lead to 15–7 by the mid-session interval, then won 16–7 with a break of 114 in the 23rd frame. Thorburn became the first player to reach a second final at the Crucible. His opponent was Higgins, the 1972 champion. Thorburn won the first frame, with Higgins then winning the next five. Thorburn won the seventh to make it 5–2, with Higgins complaining after the frame that Thorburn had been standing  in his line of sight, a claim that author and sports statistician Ian Morrison called "unfounded." Higgins led 6–3 at the end of the first session, extending this to 9–5 before Thorburn levelled the match at 9–9. Writing in "The Times", Sydney Friskin described the match to this point as a contrast of styles: "the shrewd cumulative processes of Thorburn against the explosive break-building of Higgins." He also noted that each player had accused the other of distracting them during the match. Thorburn won the 19th and 20th frames, with Higgins taking the following two to level at 11–11 . Thorburn went ahead at 12–11 and 13–12, with Higgins then levelling the match both times, and the third session ending 13-13. In the final session, Higgins won the first frame then Thorburn won the next two, before Higgins equalised at 15–15. Thorburn led 16–15, and missed an easy that let Higgins in to make it 16–16. With a break of 119, Thorburn moved within a frame of victory at 17–16. In the 34th frame, leading 45–9 in points, he laid a for Higgins, and made a 51 break after that to win the title. The BBC's television coverage  of the final had been interrupted by the broadcast of live footage of the Iranian Embassy Siege. The conclusion of the final was watched by 14.5 million television viewers. Thorburn is generally regarded as the first player from outside Britain to win the world championship, with Horace Lindrum's victory in the 1952 World Snooker Championship usually being disregarded. After the match, Higgins said of Thorburn "he's a grinder", and the nickname "The Grinder" was subsequently associated with Thorburn, seen as apt for his slow, determined style of play. Thorburn has aspired to be known by the nickname "Champagne  Cliff", but admitted later that it never caught on. Following his world championship victory, Thorburn bought a house in England with the intention of spending more time in Britain. He won the Canadian Open for a third successive year in 1980, defeating Griffiths 17–10 in the final, and was part of the Canada Team that reached the final of the 1980 World Challenge Cup, where they lost 5–8 to Wales. He led Higgins 5–1 in the semi-final of the 1981 Masters, but lost the match 5–6. At the 1981 World Championship, as defending champion, he reached the semi-final  where he lost 10–16 to Steve Davis. Following a 4–10 loss to Jimmy White in the first round of the 1982 World Snooker Championship, Thorburn decided to return to Canada. Thorburn had been number two in the 1980/1981 world rankings, and reached number one in the 1981/1982 rankings. He won the 1983 Masters, recovering from 2–5 behind against Charlton to win 6–5 in the semi-final, and defeating Ray Reardon 9–7 in the final. 1983 world championship maximum break. In 1983, he became the first player to make a maximum break at the World Championship, and only the second player  (after Davis at the 1982 Classic), to make an official maximum. He compiled the break in the fourth frame of his second round match against Griffiths. The break started with Thorburn a . While he was completing the break, play stopped on the tournament's second table because his friend and fellow Canadian Bill Werbeniuk wanted to watch. The match against Griffiths ended at 3:51 am, with Thorburn emerging as the winner, 13–12. He then defeated Kirk Stevens 13–12 in the quarter-final (from 10 to 12 behind), and Tony Knowles 16–15 in the semi-final (from 13 to 15 behind ). During the semi-final, which finished at 12:45 am, Thorburn had learnt that his wife Barbara had suffered a miscarriage on the day of his maximum break. In the final, he played Steve Davis. From 2–2 after the first four frames, Davis won four in a row to leave Thorburn 2–6 behind, extending this to 2–9 at the start of the second session, and 5–12 at the end of the first day. Davis wrapped up victory on the second day, at 18–6, with this being the first final at the Crucible to be completed in only three sessions. Snooker historian  Clive Everton commented of Thorburn's performance in the final that the long matches he had played in reaching the final "left him so drained .. that he was able to offer only token resistance." 1984 to 1989. He enjoyed a resurgence in form during the 1984–85 season. He reached the final of the Grand Prix, where he lost to Dennis Taylor 2–10. In the semi-final, Thorburn had defeated the reigning world champion Steve Davis 9–7. He also reached the final of the Classic in January 1985, where he met Thorne, with the latter winning five frames in a row  to win 13–8 after the pair had been tied at 8–8. Thorburn was again runner-up in the 1986 Classic, this time losing to Jimmy White in the final 12–13. Thorburn fluked a pot on the in the deciding frame, to leave White requiring from Thorburn in order to win. White potted the brown and , then laid a snooker on the . Thorburn failed to hit the pink, which gave White the penalty points he needed, and White then potted the pink and black to win the title. He won further Masters titles by defeating Mountjoy 9–6 in 1985, and White  9–5 in 1986. He became the first player ever to retain the Masters title, and the first to win it three times. Thorburn experienced success in the Scottish Masters, an invitational event which opened the snooker season, in 1985 and 1986. He defeated Thorne 9–7 in the 1985 final, and Alex Higgins 9–8 the following year. He won the opening ranking event in the 1985–86 snooker calendar, the Matchroom Trophy, where he beat Jimmy White in the final 12–10, having trailed 0–7. He was then runner-up in the corresponding event the following two seasons, 9–12 to Neal Foulds in  1986, and 5–12 to Davis in 1987. In 1988 Thorburn was fined £10,000, had two ranking points deducted, and was banned for two ranking tournaments, by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association. The Association's disciplinary committee had decided that Thorburn had brought the sport into disrepute, as a drug test that he took at the 1988 British Open showed that he had "minute traces of cocaine in his urine sample." He compiled another maximum break in the 1989 Matchroom League, during a match against White. Later years. Thorburn last qualified for the World Championship in 1994, where  he faced Nigel Bond in the first round. Thorburn led by 9–2 but eventually lost 9–10. He retired from the professional tournament circuit after the 1995–96 snooker season. In 2001, he won the pro-am Canadian Amateur Championship; he had previously won the tournament in 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977. During the 2006 World Championship, Thorburn flew to Sheffield to unveil a life-size painting of the first televised maximum break that he made at the tournament in 1983. Painted by the artist Michael Myers, the work is on display at the Macdonald St. Paul's Hotel in Sheffield. In  2010, Thorburn competed on the inaugural Snooker Legends Tour. At the age of 70, Thorburn won the 2018 Seniors Masters at the Crucible Theatre, defeating Jonathan Bagley 2–0 in the final. During his career he won over a million pounds in prize money. Shortly before turning 74, Thorburn announced that the 2022 UK Seniors Championship would be his last competitive event. He played his last competitive match on 5 January 2022 against Kuldesh Johal, losing 0–3. Personal life. Thorburn is the father of two children, Jamie and Andrew. His manager Darryl McKerrow was killed in a hunting accident during the  1984–85 season, and Thorburn was subsequently managed by Robert Windsor, until joining Barry Hearn's Matchroom Sport in January 1988. In 1984, Thorburn was made a Member of the Order of Canada. In 1995, he was added to the BC Sports Hall of Fame, and in 2001, he was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. His instruction book, "Cliff Thorburn's Snooker Skills", was published in 1987 by Hamlyn, and his autobiography, "Playing for Keeps", written with Everton, was published by Partridge Press in the same year. Career finals. Ranking finals: 10 (2 titles). Thorburn's record in  ranking tournament finals is shown below. Non-ranking finals: 24 (18 titles). denotes Hayton & Dee (2004)