Utsira
Utsira () is the smallest municipality in Norway. The island municipality is located in northwestern Rogaland county, just off the western coast of Norway. Utsira is part of the traditional district of Haugaland. The municipality consists of the main island of Utsira as well as several small, uninhabited outlying islands. Utsira is located in the North Sea, about west of the town of Haugesund. All of the 206 residents () live on the main island of Utsira, where the administrative centre and Utsira Church are located. The municipality is the 355th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway , making it the second smallest municipality in Norway after the nearby island municipality of Kvitsøy. Utsira is the 356th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 201, making it the smallest municipality in Norway by population. The municipality's population density is and its population has decreased by 9.2% over the previous 10-year period. General information. The municipality of Utsira was established on 1 July 1924 when it was separated from the municipality of Torvastad. Initially, Utsira had 414 residents. The municipal borders have not changed since that time. Name. The municipality was named after the island  of Utsira which makes up the vast majority of the municipality. The Old Norse forms of the island's name was just "Síri" (nominative) or "Síra" (genitive). The first element "ut" was added in the 16th century ("ut" means "out" or "offshore"; compare the "Out Skerries" in Shetland). The inhabitants still call the island "Sira" (leaving off the "ut" prefix) and an inhabitant of the municipality is called a "sirabu". The meaning of the name "Sira" is unknown (maybe "strong stream"). (Sira is also the name of the border river between Rogaland and Agder counties.) The Norwegian language has had  several spelling reforms during the 19th and 20th centuries. Before 1875, the name was written ""Udsire"", from 1875 to 1924 it was spelled ""Utsire"", and since 1925 it has used the spelling ""Utsira"". Coat of arms. The coat of arms, granted on 23 July 1982, represents the light beams emerging from the local Utsira Lighthouse. The lighthouse was founded in 1844 and is one of the main landmarks on the municipality. Churches. The Church of Norway has one parish () within the municipality of Utsira. It is part of the Haugaland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Stavanger. Transportation. The island  municipality is only accessible by boat. There are roads on the island. A car ferry operated by Rutebåten Utsira runs four round-trips per day connecting the island to the town of Haugesund on the mainland. The trip takes about 70 minutes each way. There are ferry docks on the north and south side of the island. The northern port is more often used because the southern route takes a little longer; the southern is used if the weather demands. An ambulance helicopter can land at the football field in medical emergencies. Government. All municipalities in Norway, including Utsira, are  responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor. The municipality falls under the Haugaland District Court and the Gulating Court of Appeal. Municipal council. The municipal council () of Utsira is made up of 11 representatives that are elected to four year terms. Currently, the party breakdown is as follows: History. There are remains from the Stone Age on the island. It has been populated since that time . Historically, the island was governed by Torvastad, based on the mainland, but on 1 July 1924 the island was separated and it was established as a separate municipality. At that time, a new municipal council was to be elected. It was intended that the twelve men on the interim council would be elected, but the official list of candidates listed eleven women and a man. This was not known to even the people involved until the day of the election and by then it was too late. Despite a legal challenge the twelve were elected and Aasa Helgesen, the local  midwife, was elected the first Mayor of Utsira and the first female mayor in Norway. Helgesen was a successful Mayor until 1928. In 2004, Norsk Hydro installed a combined wind-hydrogen utility on Utsira. It is a full scale pilot project for energy self-sufficiency for a remote community. In periods when there is surplus wind energy, the excess power will be used for generating hydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen is stored, and is available for power generation in periods where there is little wind. Additional to this an energy storing flywheel exists to help out when for a short  time more power is needed. Climate. Utsira has an oceanic climate (Cfb) with short, cool summers and long, chilly winters with lots of rainfall. The island has significant seasonal lag with February-March typically being the coldest months of the year while August is the warmest. The maritime position also renders low diurnal variation in temperature between day and night. Shipping forecast. Utsira (under the spelling "Utsire") gives its name to "North Utsire" and "South Utsire", two of the sea areas of the British Shipping Forecast. Attractions. Utsira Lighthouse is the highest lighthouse light in Norway at above mean sea  level. Birding. Utsira is known as the best birding site in Norway. There have been 317 different species recorded on Utsira, of which 23 are new to Norway.