TV Excelsior
Rede Excelsior was a Brazilian television network founded by Mário Wallace Simonsen on July 9, 1960 in São Paulo, São Paulo. Its last broadcast happened on September 30, 1970, when the Brazilian military dictatorship put an abrupt end to it. History. In 1959, the Victor Costa Organization, owner of TV Paulista, channel 5 of São Paulo (later acquired by Rede Globo), was awarded by the federal government with a second television channel in the city, channel 9. Possession of more than one TV channel by a single group was not prohibited by the broadcasting laws of that time . The Victor Costa Organization already owned the Radio Excelsior (currently the CBN station) and therefore, it was determined that the name of the future TV station would be Excelsior. "Excelso" is Portuguese for sublime. However, even before the launch of the channel, it was bought by a group of businessmen led by the Simonsen family, owner of over 40 companies, the most famous of them being Panair do Brasil, then the country's largest airline company. The group featured entrepreneurs like José Luis Moura, a coffee exporter from Santos, Congressman Ortiz Monteiro, founder of TV Paulista, and John Scantimburgo, owner  of the newspaper "Correio Paulistano". TV Excelsior was acquired for 80 million cruzeiros, a sum extremely high for the time. In addition to the station's license, the purchase also included some equipments, among them cameras, a tower and a transmitter. The transmission system was installed at the corner of Consolação street with Avenida Paulista, the studios were set on Avenida Adolfo Pinheiro, and the station's commercial and administrative center in downtown. With the 1964 political-military movement, the broadcaster began to have problems with censorship. Programs such as those by Moacir Franco, Derci Gonçalves and Costinha were highly  targeted, the texts of the soap operas were constantly censored and some had to be transferred after 10 pm. As a form of denunciation, the excerpts cut from the programs were not reissued, in their place animated figures appeared with their mouths and ears covered and the caption “censored”. Excelsior TV remained with good ratings and, in 1965, the program Moacir Franco show reached a rate of 77% of the audience in the city of São Paulo and 97% in the city of Santos. On the other hand, that was a year of serious problems for the other companies in  the Simonsen group. This process ended with the kidnapping of the group's assets, including Rede Excelsior, which at the time was composed of broadcasters in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre and Belo Horizonte. The group negotiated the debt in court and the broadcaster returned to the air. Soon afterwards, Excelsior TV officials tried to create a foundation to buy the station and took the proposal to the then President of the Republic, Humberto Castelo Branco, who did not accept it, claiming that such a procedure was not permitted by law. So, Carlos Lacerda tried to stay with  the Rio de Janeiro broadcaster, while, in São Paulo, Ademar de Barros wanted the São Paulo broadcaster. Both were governors and used the debts that the broadcasters owed to the states as an argument, but their proposals were not accepted by the federal government. Still in 1965, Excelsior launched the 1st Brazilian Popular Music Festival, which had as its winning song Arrastão , music by Edu Lobo performed by Elis Regina. In the same year Mário Simonsen died in Paris. His son Wallace Simonsen then sold the station to Edson Leite, Alberto Saad, Otávio Frias and Carlos Caldeira (the last two  were owners of the Folha da Manhã group of São Paulo newspapers). The station's direction was with Edson Leite and Alberto Saad. Continuing investment in telenovelas, in 1966, in the midst of several internal crises, Excelsior launched the longest telenovela in the history of Brazilian television: Redenção. (Redemption) The novel was an original by Raimundo Lopes with 594 chapters, featuring Márcia Real, Flora Geni, Rodolfo Mayer, Vicente Leporace and Procópio Ferreira, among others. Redemption was in the air from May 1966 to May 1968. In 1967, even though the broadcaster had a lot of debt, its new studio was  opened in the São Paulo neighborhood of Vila Guilherme. The complex consisted of 12 studios, had 40 vehicles and more than five hundred employees worked on it. The Brazilian Television System (SBT) studios started to operate there later. In its new studios, Excelsior produced Morro dos ventos howantes, with scenes from the 19th century and adaptation by Lauro César Muniz, and O tempo eo vento, text by Érico Veríssimo adapted by Teixeira Filho and directed by Dionísio Azevedo. The latter was the final representative of a set of soap operas that the broadcaster presented at 21: 30h. In 1968, financial  problems escalated and many artists, in the face of constant wage delays, were transferred to other broadcasters. Excelsior then began broadcasting a large number of North American serial films, while censorship continued to pursue its soap operas. With the enactment of Institutional Act No. 5, on December 13, 1968, the broadcaster took down the vanguard newspaper, as the pressures of censorship prevented the presentation of the type of reports that had, until then, characterized the program. In 1969, the station produced the soap opera Sangue do meu sangue , by Vicente Sesso, directed by Sérgio Brito. The cast included Francisco Cuoco , Fernanda Montenegro, Tônia Carreiro, Nicete Bruno, Henrique Martins, Nívea Maria, Armando Bogus, Mauro Mendonça and Rodolfo Mayer, among others. The production of telenovelas, which had been one of the biggest brands of TV Excelsior (in 1963 the broadcaster broadcast three telenovelas; in 1964 it presented ten; and in 1965 it went to 17), from 1966 it started to decline. In 1969, the broadcaster presented only five productions of the genre. In August 1969, a gale destroyed the tower of the Rio station, located in Sumaré. Amid a chaotic debt and layoff situation, the broadcaster's shares were repurchased by Wallace  Simonsen. The Vila Guilherme property, where the studios were located, remained with Otávio Frias and Carlos Caldeiras. The station's situation continued to worsen and Simonsen ended up selling his shares again. The buyer was Dorival Masci de Abreu, owner of Rádio Marconi, but Excelsior employees pushed for the deal to be undone and the shares returned to Simonsen. On September 28, 1970, the rights of the broadcaster were revoked and, on October 1 of the same year, Ferreria Nieto invaded the studio. the National Telecommunications Department (Dentel) definitively ended the activities of TV Excelsior. The reasons given were disrespect  for the rules of the Telecommunications Code, financial insolvency and late payment of labor commitments. The end of TV Excelsior. TV Excelsior came to an end in October 1, 1970, When Ferreira Neto invaded the station's studios, where he broadcast a humorous message to announce to the public that the government had decreed Excelsior's bankruptcy. At that time, some DENTEL technicians were at the technical center to take the station off the air. TV Excelsior comes to an end, after 10 years. The End of TV exelsior Judicially, TV Excelsior had a maximum period of up to December  15, 1970 to settle the accounts with the government, that is, it would have to pay at least half of what it owes. However, the channel had not paid even 1% of the total debt, and with that the government revoked the concessions. The transmission of TV Excelsior in São Paulo ended at 18:40, shortly after the presentation of a farewell program. In Rio de Janeiro, Channel 2 activities ended a little earlier, at 5pm. According to the presidential decree, the cassation was determined by breach of the Brazilian Telecommunications Code. Post-Excelsior. Five years after Rio's channel  2 went off the air, the Military Government won its own bid to broadcast an educational broadcaster, TVE Brasil, which associates with other public broadcasters. And then TVE became TV Brasil. Thirteen years after the end of the station, Adolpho Bloch won the competition for the concession of channel 9 in São Paulo, together with channel 6 in Rio. It was the beginning of Rede Manchete that later became RedeTV!.