Joule effect
Joule effect and Joule's law are any of several different physical effects discovered or characterized by English physicist James Prescott Joule. These physical effects are not the same, but all are frequently or occasionally referred to in literature as the "Joule effect" or "Joule law" These physical effects include: Joule's first law. Between the years 1840 and 1843 Joule made a careful study of the heat produced by an electric current. From this study, he developed Joule's laws of heating, the first of which is commonly referred to as the "Joule effect". Joule's first  law expresses the relationship between heat generated in a conductor and current flow, resistance, and time. Magnetostriction. The magnetostriction effect describes a property of ferromagnetic materials which causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field. Joule first reported observing change in the length of ferromagnetic rods in 1842. Joule expansion. In 1845, Joule studied the free expansion of a gas into a larger volume. This became known as Joule expansion. The cooling of a gas by allowing it to expand freely is occasionally referred to as the Joule effect. Gough–Joule effect. If an elastic band  is first stretched and then subjected to heating, it will shrink rather than expand. This effect was first observed by John Gough in 1802, and was investigated further by Joule in the 1850s, when it then became known as the Gough–Joule effect. "Examples in Literature:"