Royal yacht
A royal yacht is a ship used by a monarch or a royal family. If the monarch is an emperor the proper term is imperial yacht. Most of them are financed by the government of the country of which the monarch is head. The royal yacht is most often crewed by personnel from the navy and used by the monarch and his/her family on both private and official travels. Types of vessels used. Some royal yachts have been/are small vessels only used for short trips on rivers or in calm waters, but others have been/are  large seaworthy ships. History. Depending on how the term is defined royal yachts date back to the days of antiquity with royal barges on the Nile in ancient Egypt. Later the Vikings produced royal vessels. They followed the pattern of longships although highly decorated and fitted with purple sails (purple sails remained standard for royal vessels the next 400 years). In England, Henry V sold off the royal yachts to clear the Crown's debts. The next royal vessels in England were built in the Tudor period with Henry VIII using a vessel in 1520 that was depicted as having  cloth of gold sails. James I had "Disdain", a ship in miniature (she was later recorded as being able to carry about 30 tons), built for his son Prince Henry. "Disdain" was significant in that she allowed for pleasure cruising and as a result can be seen as an early move away from royal ships as warships. The first ships to unquestionably qualify as royal yachts were those owned by Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. The first was gift from the Dutch but later yachts were commissioned and built in England. This established a tradition of royal yachts  in Britain that was later copied by other royal families of Europe. Through the 19th century royal yachts got larger as they became a symbol of national wealth. World War I brought this trend to an end and the royal families that survived found it harder to justify the cost with the result that there are only three royal yachts left in use in Europe. For the most part royal yachts have been superseded by the use of warships in this role, as royal yachts are often seen as a hard-to-justify expenditure. In addition most monarchies with a  railway system employ a special set of royal carriages. Most monarchies also employ aircraft as a luxurious (and much more speedy and timely) mode of transportation. Yachts by country. Denmark. The Danish royal family have had several royal yachts. Two of them have been named "Dannebrog". Germany. During the existence of the German Empire, the Kaiser used these imperial yachts: The "Kriegsmarine" fleet tender "Grille" was built as a state yacht for Adolf Hitler. Norway. King Haakon VII received the royal yacht "Norge" as a gift from the people of Norway in 1947. The royal yacht is owned by the  king but maintained and crewed by the Royal Norwegian Navy. Before this other naval ships had served as royal sea transport and the king used some smaller boats for short trips mostly on official occasions. Oman. The Oman Royal Yacht Squadron operates the following major vessels from Muscat and Muttrah in Oman: Ottoman Empire. The Imperial Ottoman Government used many yachts for its head of state. These include: The Republic of Turkey also has presidential yachts The Portuguese King Charles I used four successive royal yachts, all named "Amélia", after his wife, Queen Amélie of Orleans. These yachts were, mainly , used by Charles I for his oceanographic missions. It was in the "Amélia IV" that King Manuel II and the Portuguese royal family left the country for the exile, after the republican revolution of 5 October 1910. In the republican regime the "Amélia IV" was renamed "NRP 5 de Outubro" and operated by the Portuguese Navy. Russia. Imperial yachts employed by the Tsar of Russia: United Arab Emirates. "Dubai" is the personal yacht of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, ruler of Dubai and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. Completed in 2006, she is the third largest yacht  currently in service at long. She came to world media attention when she sailed out to welcome the retired ocean liner, "Queen Elizabeth 2" to Dubai in November 2008. Another personal yacht of the Sheikh, is the "Alloya". Built by Sanlorenzo in 2013. United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has had 83 royal yachts since the restoration of King Charles II in 1660. Charles II himself had 25 royal yachts, while five were simultaneously in service in 1831. Since the decommissioning of in 1997 the Queen no longer has a royal yacht. She has since, on occasion, chartered other vessels, such  as and Motor Yacht Leander. Other nations. The Principality of Monaco owned the princely yacht "Deo Juvante II" between 1956-1958. This Camper and Nicholsons yacht was a wedding gift from Aristotle Onassis to Prince Rainer and Grace Kelly and was used on their honeymoon. The yacht, now called M/Y "Grace", is now owned and operated by Quasar Expeditions. Yugoslavia had some royal yachts before World War II (most notably, one was a sister ship of "Ilinden" which sank in Lake Ohrid in 2009). Zanzibar had only one naval ship in 1896, the royal yacht . It was sunk by  the British during the shortest war in history, the Anglo-Zanzibar War. Other nations that employ some form of yacht presently or in the past include China, Iran, Sarawak and Sweden.