Tribal Scars
Tribal Scars is a collection of short stories by Senegalese author Ousmane Sembène. It was originally published in French as Voltaique in 1962. Plot summary. Tribal Scars. "Tribal Scars" is a short story in which Ousmane presents a theory of how tribal scarring first began. It begins with a group of men sitting around a table drinking tea and discussing current affairs. When the subject of tribal scarring comes up, the table erupts into a melee of confusion with everyone wanting to add his opinion of how the practice first started. The story that is eventually accepted by  all is that African tribes began scarring themselves so they would not be taken as slaves, and ever since then, tribal scarring has been a symbol of freedom. Adaptations. Sembene, also a filmmaker, adapted the short story "The Promised Land" into a 1966 feature film entitled "Black Girl". Book information. "Tribal Scars" (English edition) by Ousmane Sembène; translation by Len Ortzen