Ivujivik
Ivujivik ( , meaning "Place where ice accumulates because of strong currents", or "Sea-ice crash Area") is a northern village (Inuit community) in Nunavik, Quebec, and the northernmost settlement in any Canadian province, although there are settlements further north in the territories. Its population in the Canada 2021 Census was 412. Unlike most other northern villages in Nunavik, it has no Inuit reserved land of the same name associated with it. Policing for Ivujivik is provided by the Kativik Regional Police Force. Geography. Ivujivik is located in the Nunavik region of the province, some north of Montreal. It is only  south-west from Cape Wolstenholme, the northernmost tip of the Ungava Peninsula, which is in turn the northernmost part of the Labrador Peninsula. It is near Digges Sound, where Hudson Strait meets Hudson Bay. The municipal boundaries include an area of 35.21 square kilometers. The area is ice-free for 20 working days a year in the summer. There are no road links to the North American road system, nor is this (or any other) Nunavik community linked by road to any of the other villages in the region. The village is served by Ivujivik Airport. The village itself is  located on a small sandy cove between imposing cliffs that drop steeply into Digges Sound. Here the strong currents from Hudson Bay and the Hudson Strait clash, sometimes even crushing trapped animals between the ice floes. Directly north across the sound are West and East Digges Islands. Farther north in the Hudson Strait are Nottingham and Salisbury Islands. Demographics. As of the Canada 2021 Census, the population was 412; it was 414 in 2016, 370 in 2011, 349 in 2006 and 298 in 2001. There was a total of 136 dwellings. The population density was 11.7 persons per square kilometre . In 2001, 285 of the 298 (about 96%) persons were considered aboriginal. (The data was not available for 2006.) As with many Inuit villages, there is a large youth contingent. In 2006, 42.9% of the population was below the age of fifteen. The median age was 19.1. As of 2001, unemployment was at 18.2 percent. The median income for the same census was $14,624 (in Canadian dollars.) 72 percent of the workforce walked or biked to work. (This information for 2006 is not yet available.) Population trend: History. Archaeological dating estimates nearly 3000 years since the arrival in the  area of Thule People, ancestors of today's Inuit, from Baffin Island. This place would have been the starting point of Inuit migration into Quebec, explaining the presence of the Inuit along the coast of Hudson Bay. On nearby Digges Island was the spot of the first encounter between Europeans and the Inuit of Nunavik. This occurred in 1610 on Henry Hudson's last mission. The Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post on Erik Cove near Cape Wolstenholme in 1909. A Catholic mission was established on the village's current site in 1938. But both locations only remained  seasonal camps. In 1947, the HBC post at Erik Cove closed and a new outpost was set up in Ivujivik. This marked the beginning of the modern village as nomadic Inuit finally began to settle permanently. Not until the 1960s did the Government of Canada begin to deliver health and social services. In 1962, the Inuit established a cooperative that has allowed the community to better structure its local economy and develop new activities such as sculpture, crafts, and tourism focusing on hunting and fishing. Ivujivik was one of two Inuit villages that refused to sign the 1975 James Bay  and Northern Quebec Agreement. In protest, they formed the Inuuqatigiit Tunngavingat Nunamini (ITN) movement. Nonetheless, it was gradually represented by the Kativik Regional Government, and eventually officially joined the agreement in 2015. 2006 bear attack. In February 2006, Ivujivik resident Lydia Angiyou saved her seven-year-old son and two of his friends from a polar bear attack outside the local youth centre by placing herself between the bear and the children. A local hunter named Sirqualuk Ainalik heard the noise and ran over, saving her by shooting the bear as it attacked. It is thought that she may have  benefited from a phenomenon known as hysterical strength in fighting with the bear. The presence of a polar bear in a populated area is an unusual occurrence. Angiyou was awarded the Medal of Bravery by the Governor General for her actions. Education. The Kativik School Board operates the Nuvviti School.