Night Flight (Justin Hayward album) on 13 March 1938. Austrians retained their existing citizenship until 3 July 1938, when all Austrians were granted Reich citizenship, regardless if they were resident in the country or not. Austrian nationality law was fully abrogated and replaced by German nationality law on 30 July 1939. Sudeten Germans living in the Sudetenland also automatically became Reich citizens when Germany annexed that territory following the Munich Agreement on 29 September 1938. Czech citizens in the Sudetenland were allowed to apply for Reich citizenship provided that they or their parents had resided in that area on or before 1 October 1910. However	German nationality law
8776274	, this was subject to discretionary approval by German authorities and rejected applicants were required to depart permanently. In the remaining Czech territory that was incorporated into Germany as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1939, Reich citizenship was only granted automatically to members of the Sudeten German Party. All other Czechoslovak citizens became Protectorate subjects, but ethnic Germans resident in the Protectorate could subsequently apply to become Reich citizens. Although Protectorate subjects did not hold citizenship and were excluded from employment in the government and armed forces, discriminatory policies based on Czech ancestry were never adopted to the same 	German nationality law
8776275	degree as they were for Jews. In fact, any Protectorate subject who had even distant German ancestry could apply for Reich citizenship, provided that they were willing to undergo a process of Germanisation and were not of Jewish descent. Ethnic Germans in eastern areas directly annexed by Germany were granted Reich citizenship on 1 September 1939 if they were Danzig citizens or on 26 October 1939 if they were Polish citizens. Polish citizenship was completely abolished, and any person who did not otherwise become a Reich citizen was stateless. Poles who were selected to be forcibly Germanised were given Reich 	German nationality law
8776276	citizenship. Cold War division. Following its defeat in the Second World War, Germany was occupied by Allied forces. Austria was reestablished as a separate state on 27 April 1945 and any person of Austrian origin would have ceased to hold German citizenship from that date. Ethnic Germans in post-war Czechoslovakia were deprived of their Czechoslovak citizenship under the Beneš decrees, and more than 2.8 million affected people were deported to Germany. Similarly, 3.6 million Germans were expelled from Poland, including from former German territories east of the Oder–Neisse line. Germany itself was divided into two states in 1949	German nationality law
8776277	, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany, FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany, GDR). In the initial period following the division of Germany, both German governments maintained the idea of a common German nationality. East Germany gradually asserted a separate legal tradition and nationality over the following two decades that culminated with the adoption of its own nationality law in 1967 divergent from pre-war regulations. By contrast, the West German government regarded itself as the sole continuation of the German Reich and continued to regulate nationality under the 1913 Imperial and State Citizenship Act, assuming responsibility for 	German nationality law
8776278	all former citizens of the Reich according to its 1937 borders. In line with West German non-recognition of a separate East German status, all NATO member states treated East German passport holders as stateless persons until the 1960s. The continued application of the 1913 law allowed the West German government to claim East Germans as its own nationals and to issue passports to any who managed to flee East Germany. Former East Germans who left the GDR without obtaining permission from the authorities were liable to imprisonment on their return to East Germany until the two governments normalised relations 	German nationality law
8776279	with the 1972 Basic Treaty. The GDR subsequently acknowledged any East German who had left the country between 7 October 1949 and 31 December 1971 as having lost East German nationality. Following a general trend of anti-communist movements in Eastern Europe beginning in 1989, the Peaceful Revolution began the process of German reunification. East Germany ceased to exist on 3 October 1990 and its constituent states became a part of the Federal Republic. Ethnic Germans who were displaced as a result of the Second World War were eligible for special resettlement and nationality acquisition. The Federal Expellee Law defines 	German nationality law
8776280	a qualifying person as any ethnic German who was domiciled in the former eastern territories of Germany, or in any area outside of pre-1938 German borders and were deported or forced to flee. This right to citizenship extended to any descendants of an ethnic German, as well as their spouse. Over 1.4 million people from Eastern Bloc countries resettled in West Germany under these provisions between 1950 and 1987. Following democratisation of communist Eastern Europe, special admission of ethnic Germans was restricted in 1993; applicants were subject to a German language requirement and an entry quota of 225,000 people, which 	German nationality law
8776281	was later reduced to 100,000 in 2000. The ethnic German legal status itself became limited to people born before 1993, effectively ending future resettlement. European integration. West German involvement in European integration began in the immediate post-war period of the late 1940s. Initial cooperation was focused on the economy through the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation as a condition for receiving aid from the United States provided by the Marshall Plan. The political circumstances of the post-war climate created the circumstances that facilitated creation of further organisations to integrate Western Europe along common social and security policies	German nationality law
8776282	. West Germany became a founding member of the European Communities (EC) in 1951, a set of organisations that eventually developed into the European Union (EU). West German citizens participated in their first European Parliament elections in 1979 and have been able to work in other EC/EU countries under the freedom of movement for workers established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome. GDR accession to the Federal Republic in 1990 did not affect German membership in the EC. With the creation of European Union citizenship by the 1992 Maastrict Treaty, free movement rights were expanded to all nationals of EU 	German nationality law
8776283	member states regardless of their employment status. Acquisition and loss of nationality. Entitlement by birth or descent. Children born within Germany automatically receive German nationality at birth if at least one married parent is a German national. Individuals born overseas to at least one married German parent are also German nationals, unless that parent was born after 31 December 1999 and is ordinarily resident in a foreign country; they may alternatively acquire German nationality if they would otherwise be stateless or their births are registered at a German diplomatic mission before their first birthday. Children born in the country to 	German nationality law
8776284	two foreign parents since 1 January 2000 automatically receive citizenship at birth if at least one parent has habitually resided in Germany for at least eight years and possesses indefinite permission to remain. This usually means holding a settlement permit. EU citizens are automatically granted right of permanent residence after living in the country for at least five years. Children born in Germany to such parents between 1990 and 1999 also qualified for citizenship, provided that their parents had registered them for that status by the end of 2000. Minor children who are adopted by German citizens within the country 	German nationality law
8776285	receive citizenship at the time of adoption, while those who are adopted outside of Germany (regardless of age) may acquire citizenship at governmental discretion. Until 1953, German women who married foreign men automatically lost their German citizenship. Consequently, children resulting from these marriages would not have been German citizens at birth. Even after 1953, citizenship by descent was as a rule mostly transmitted patrilineally. Only children of married German fathers and unmarried German mothers received citizenship at birth until this was again amended in 1975. Furthermore, children of unmarried German fathers born since 1993 must have their paternity formally established	German nationality law
8776286	; those born before 1993 were additionally required to have claimed citizenship before age 23 and must have been resident in Germany for three years at the time of application. Individuals who had lost citizenship or were ineligible for it as a direct result of this previous legislative gender imbalance have been able to acquire citizenship by declaration for a ten-year period that began on 20 August 2021. Successful applicants obtaining citizenship through this pathway are not required to renounce any alternative nationalities. Naturalisation. Foreigners may naturalise as German citizens after residing in the country for at least eight years 	German nationality law
8776287	and possessing right of permanent settlement. This usually means holding a residence permit or citizenship of an EU/EEA country. Applicants must demonstrate proficiency in the German language, pass a citizenship test, declare loyalty to a free and democratic system, prove their self-sufficiency without state assistance, hold no criminal record, and renounce any previous nationalities. Persons convicted of racist, antisemitic, or xenophobic acts are permanently barred from naturalisation. The requisite period of residence may be reduced to seven years for applicants who successfully complete an integration course or three years for spouses of German citizens who have been married 	German nationality law
8776288	for at least two years. Citizens of other parts of the EU and Switzerland are exempt from renouncing their previous nationality, and the requirement may be waived for those who cannot renounce their foreign status or would undergo significant hardship in doing so. About 110,000 people naturalised as German citizens in 2020, with over 63 per cent of them retaining their previous nationalities. Relinquishment and deprivation. German nationality can be relinquished by making a declaration of renunciation, provided that the declarant already possesses or is in the process of obtaining another nationality. German children who are adopted by foreigners 	German nationality law
8776289	and acquire the nationality of their new parents automatically cease to be German at the time of adoption. It is also automatically lost when an individual voluntarily acquires a foreign citizenship even if that person remains domiciled in Germany, unless prior governmental permission is granted to retain German nationality or the new citizenship is that of another EU country or Switzerland. German children with multiple nationalities are required to choose between their German and foreign statuses before the age of 23 unless they have eight years of residence in Germany before age 21, attended a German school for six years	German nationality law
8776290	, graduated from a German school, or completed vocational education in the country. Dual nationals who fail to make this choice are automatically stripped of their German nationality. If they declare their intention to retain German nationality, they are required to prove the loss of their foreign statuses by the age of 23, or may apply for permission to retain their other nationalities before age 21. Citizenship may be stripped from a person who fraudulently acquired it within 10 years of that person having become a German citizen, or from dual nationals who engage in terrorist activities at any time or 	German nationality law
8776291	voluntarily serve in foreign armed forces without prior permission from the government. Since 6 July 2011, this permission is automatically granted to dual nationals of Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, and EU/EFTA or NATO countries who serve in the militaries of their alternate nationalities. Reclamation of nationality revoked under Nazi rule. Any person who had their citizenship revoked between 30 January 1933 and 8 May 1945 on political, racial, or religious grounds, and their direct descendants, are entitled to reclaim German citizenship. Until 2019, applicants qualified only if the primary claimant to German citizenship had that status 	German nationality law
8776292	rescinded through the 11th Decree Implementing the Reich Citizens Act (which stripped citizenship from all Jews domiciled abroad on 27 November 1941) or individually deprived under the 1933 Act on Revocation of Naturalisations and Deprivation of German Citizenship. These restrictions had prevented nationality restoration to: descendants of formerly German married women or unmarried fathers, children adopted before 1977 by qualified former German citizens, descendants of women who involunarily lost German nationality after fleeing the country and marrying foreign men, and descendants of former Germans who applied for nationality renunciation before being stripped of their status. These limitations were relaxed by 	German nationality law
8776293	ministerial decree by the Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community, and fully lifted when codified into legislation in 2021. German nationality law German nationality law details the conditions by which an individual holds German nationality. The primary law governing these requirements is the Nationality Act, which came into force on 1 January 1914. All German nationals are citizens of the European Union (EU). Any person born to a married German parent is typically a German national at birth, regardless of the place of birth. Children of unmarried couples in which only the father is German must be legitimised for 	German nationality law
8776294	Night Flight (Justin Hayward album) Night Flight (Justin Hayward album) Night Flight is a studio album by Moody Blues frontman Justin Hayward, released on Decca Records in 1980. It was reissued on CD in September 1989. The album came about as a result of Hayward's involvement in Jeff Wayne's musical adaptation of War of the Worlds". Wayne produced and arranged the album, which proved to be one of the lengthiest recording experiences of Hayward's career. The music was mostly pop and dance oriented, and most of the tracks were romantic love songs. The title track was the last to be recorded for  the album. In April 2004, the album was remastered and released on CD with two extra tracks. Personnel. Brass arrangements by Jeff Wayne and Steve Gray. Engineered by Geoff Young with technical assistance from Graham Meek. Assistant engineers: Paul Taylor, Craig Thompson and Norman Goodman. Night Flight (Justin Hayward album) Night Flight is a studio album by Moody Blues frontman Justin Hayward, released on Decca Records in 1980. It was reissued on CD in September 1989. The album came about as a result of Hayward's involvement in Jeff Wayne's musical adaptation of "War of the Worlds". Wayne produced