The Red Flag
"The Red Flag" (Roud V45381) is a socialist song, emphasising the sacrifices and solidarity of the international labour movement. It is the anthem of the British Labour Party, the Irish nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party in Northern Ireland and the Irish Labour Party. The song is traditionally sung at the close of each party's national conference. Translated versions of the song are sung by the Japanese Communist Party and Korean People's Army. History. Irishman Jim Connell wrote the song's lyrics in 1889 in Nicholas Donovan's house. There are six stanzas, each followed  by the chorus. It is normally sung to the tune of "Lauriger Horatius", better known as the German carol "O Tannenbaum" ("O Christmas Tree"), though Connell had wanted it sung to the tune of a pro-Jacobite Robert Burns anthem, "The White Cockade". When Billy Bragg recorded the song in 1990 with Scottish folk singer Dick Gaughan, he sang it to this original "White Cockade" melody. The lyrics of the first verse and the chorus, which are the most well-known parts of the song, are as follows: "The Red Flag" resonated with the early radical workers' movement in the  United States, and it appeared as the first song in the first edition of the "Little Red Songbook" of the Industrial Workers of the World in 1909. Only five of the six stanzas were printed, omitting the fourth stanza that begins, "It well recalls the triumphs past." In a 1913 article for the Industrial Worker, the celebrated IWW bard Joe Hill rejected the category of "the people" as middle class, and suggested a further change to the song. Referring to his experiences in the Magonista rebellion of 1911, he wrote:When the Red Flag was flying in Lower California there  were not any of "the people" in the ranks of the rebels. Common working stiffs and cow-punchers were in the majority, with a little sprinkling of "outlaws," whatever that is. [...] Well, it is about time that every rebel wakes up to the fact that "the people" and the workingclass ["sic"] have nothing in common. Let us sing after this ""The Workers' flag is deepest red"" and to hell with "the people.""The Red Flag" has been the British Labour Party's official anthem from its founding; its annual party conference closes with the song. "The Red Flag" was first  sung in the House of Commons on 1 August 1945, when Parliament convened after Clement Attlee's Labour defeat of Winston Churchill's Conservatives. Dockers in London were regarded as militant socialists ever since their strike in 1889 for the "dockers' tanner." In the 1950s, at the end of public meetings with management, dockers filling the main floor of the hall sang "The Red Flag" while superintendents and managers (usually segregated in the gallery) simultaneously sang "God Save the Queen". "The Red Flag" was sung by Labour MPs on 27 May 1976, allegedly prompting Michael Heseltine to swing the mace  above his head. It was also sung on the evening of 28 March 1979 when a motion of no confidence brought down the Labour Government. It was sung again in Parliament in February 2006 to mark the centenary of the Labour Party's founding. It was sung again in the House of Commons in September 2019 to protest the prorogation of parliament. During the Tony Blair government it was claimed the leadership sought to downplay its role, however, it is often sung at the end of party conferences alongside "Jerusalem". Following the 2015 election of veteran socialist Jeremy Corbyn as  Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition, "The Red Flag" was sung as he and his supporters celebrated in The Sanctuary, a public house in London. In 1982, Shakin Stevens recorded a rock & roll cover of the song known as "Red Flag Rock". Alternative versions. A famous song of the Italian labour movement has the same title (though in Italian): "Bandiera Rossa", but different lyrics and tune, as does the French song "Le drapeau rouge", known in English as "The Standard of Revolt". The melody is used in Harold Baum's "The Michaelis Anthem" in "The Biochemists ' Songbook". Parodies. "The Red Flag" was parodied by singer-songwriter Leon Rosselson as the "Battle Hymn of the New Socialist Party," also known as "The Red Flag Once a Year" or "The People's Flag Is Palest Pink." It is intended to satirise the perceived lack of socialist principles in the Labour Party. The initial parody was widely known in the 1960s, sometimes sung during late night parties at student conferences. It was revived in the early 2000s in response to the centrist reforms associated with Tony Blair. A version which began "The people's flag is palest pink, mum  washed it in the kitchen sink" was popular among schoolchildren in the 1950s, which may have inspired Rosselson's version. A version can be found as far back as 1920 in "Through Bolshevik Russia" by Ethel Snowden. A version of the lyrics sung regularly at the Liberal Democrats' Glee Club, also dated to the mid-1960s, is: A parody of unknown origin is known as "The Foreman's Job", and this is sometimes considered a rugby song. This has many variants but usually begins: Football chants. A version of "The Red Flag" with similar lyrics entitled "We'll Never Die" is  the official anthem of Manchester United F.C.: A similar football chant is also sung regularly by supporters of Sunderland AFC: Supporters of Bristol City F.C. (also known as ciderheads) sing the same version with a third line of ""Ciderheads until we die"". AFC Bournemouth fans sing the third line as ""Dean Court to Wembley"", and Wrexham A.F.C. supporters end with: Chelsea F.C. fans sing a version of the song called "The Blue Flag": Northampton Town F.C. supporters have their own adaptation "The Fields Are Green": In popular culture. "The Red Flag" was sung in the 2018 film "Red Joan" at  a Cambridge University socialist meeting circa 1938 attended by the young protagonist (portrayed by Sophie Cookson) and her romantic interest Leo (portrayed by Tom Hughes).