University of Texas School of Law
The University of Texas School of Law (Texas Law) is the law school of the University of Texas at Austin. Texas Law is consistently ranked as one of the top law schools in the United States and is highly selective—registering the 8th lowest acceptance rate among all U.S. law schools for the class of 2022—with an acceptance rate of 17.5%. According to Texas Law’s 2019 disclosures, 90% of the Class of 2019 obtained full-time, long-term bar passage required/JD advantage employment nine months after graduation. The school has 19,000  living alumni. Amongst its alumni are U.S. Supreme Court Justice and U.S. Attorney General Tom C. Clark; U.S. Secretary of State James A. Baker; U.S. Secretary of Treasury Lloyd Bentsen; White House Senior Advisor Paul Begala; Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Sam Rayburn; litigator Sarah Weddington who represented Jane Roe in the seminal case Roe v Wade; Wallace B. Jefferson, the first African American Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court; United States Permanent Representative to NATO Kay Bailey Hutchison; statesman Robert S. Strauss; and Gustavo C. Garcia, Carlos Cadena, James DeAnda, lead litigators for the landmark civil  rights case Hernandez v. Texas. History. The University of Texas School of Law was founded in 1883. Prior to the Civil Rights Movement, the school was limited to white students, but the school's admissions policies were challenged from two different directions in high-profile 20th century federal court cases that were important to the long struggle over segregation, integration, and diversity in American education. Section::::"Sweatt v. Painter" (1950). The school was sued in the civil rights case of "Sweatt v. Painter" (1950). The case involved Heman Marion Sweatt, a black man who was refused admission to the School of  Law on the grounds that substantially equivalent facilities (meeting the requirements of "Plessy v. Ferguson") were offered by the state's law school for blacks. When the plaintiff first applied to the University of Texas, there was no law school in Texas which admitted blacks. Instead of granting the plaintiff a writ of mandamus, the Texas trial court "continued" the case for six months to allow the state time to create a law school for blacks, which it developed in Houston. The Supreme Court reversed the lower court decision, saying that the separate school failed to offer Sweatt an equal  legal education. The Court noted that the University of Texas School of Law had 16 full-time and three part-time professors, 850 students and a law library of 65,000 volumes, while the separate school the state set up for blacks had five full-time professors, 23 students and a library of 16,500 volumes. But the Court held that even "more important" than these quantitative differences were differences such as "reputation of the faculty, experience of the administration, position and influence of the alumni, standing in the community, traditions and prestige". Because the separate school could not provide an "equal  education, the Court ordered that Hemann Sweatt be admitted to University of Texas School of Law. Sweatt v. Painter" was the first major test case in the long-term litigation strategy of Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund that led to the landmark Supreme Court decision in the case of "Brown v. Board of Education" in 1954. Marshall and the NAACP correctly calculated that they could dismantle segregation by building up a series of precedents, beginning at Texas Law, before moving on to the more explosive question of racial integration in elementary schools. Section::::"Hopwood v. Texas" (1996). In  1992, plaintiff Cheryl Hopwood, a White American woman, sued the School of Law on the grounds that she had not been admitted even though her grades and test scores were better than those of some minority candidates who were admitted pursuant to an affirmative action program. "Texas Monthly" editor Paul Burka later described Hopwood as "the perfect plaintiff to question the fairness of reverse discrimination" because of her academic credentials and personal hardships which she had endured (including a young daughter suffering from a muscular disease). With her attorney Steven Wayne Smith, later a two-year member of the Texas  Supreme Court, Hopwood won her case, "Hopwood v. Texas", in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which ruled that the school "may not use race as a factor in deciding which applicants to admit in order to achieve a diverse student body, to combat the perceived effects of a hostile environment at the law school, to alleviate the law school's poor reputation in the minority community, or to eliminate any present effects of past discrimination by actors other than the law school". The case did not reach the Supreme Court. However, the Supreme Court ruled  in "Grutter v. Bollinger" (2003), a case involving the University of Michigan, that the United States Constitution "does not prohibit the law school's narrowly tailored use of race in admissions decisions to further a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body". This effectively reversed the decision of "Hopwood v. Texas". Admissions. Texas Law is among the most selective law schools in the nation. For the class of 2019, 5,803 students applied and 17.53% were accepted. Of accepted students, 288 enrolled. The enrolled class of 2021 has a class median LSAT score of  169. The median GPA for the enrolled class is 3.80. Women make up 57% of the class, and 32% of the class identify as minority students. The average age of the class was 24. Texas Law enrolled students from 25 US states for the class of 2019, with out-of state students comprising 32% of the class. Emphasizing its role as a public institution, Texas Law is required by the state legislature to reserve 65% of the seats in each first-year class for Texas residents. Rankings. Texas Law is consistently ranked as the top law school in the state  and one of the best schools in the nation. The USNWR, the most widely used and influential ranking of American law schools, consistently ranks Texas Law as the 15th best law school in the nation. Additionally, the legal news website Above the Law, which uses an outcome-focused ranking system, ranked Texas the 12th best law school in the U.S. in 2019. Importantly, USNWR also ranked Texas as the best public law school in the U.S. for a student's return on investment. The school is also known for a high quality of life, with the website graduateprograms.com ranking Texas  Law as the 3rd best law school for student quality of life. Publications. Students at the University of Texas School of Law publish thirteen law journals: Bernard and Audre Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice. The Bernard and Audre Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice, located at the University of Texas School of Law, serves as a focal point for critical, interdisciplinary analysis and practice of human rights and social justice. The Rapoport Center was founded in 2004 by Professor Karen Engle, Minerva House Drysdale Regents Chair in Law, thanks to a donation from the Bernard and Audre  Rapoport Foundation to the University of Texas School of Law. The Rapoport Foundation was founded in 1986 by Bernard Rapoport and his wife Audre. In 2010, Daniel Brinks, Associate Professor of Government at the University of Texas at Austin, became co-director of the Center. The Center has over one hundred affiliated faculty members from various schools and departments within the University of Texas at Austin. In February 2013, the Rapoport Center received a three-year, $150,000 grant from the Creekmore and Adele Fath Charitable Foundation to highlight the life and career of Sissy Farenthold, an American Democratic politician , activist, lawyer and educator, perhaps best known for her run for Texas Governor and for her nomination for Vice President in the 1972 Democratic National Convention. The project documents Farenthold's contributions to Texas and U.S. politics, the women's peace movement, and international human rights and justice. The Rapoport Center will work with the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History (where Farenthold's papers are housed) in order to process and preserve Farenthold's papers, digitize archival documents and images, produce videotaped interviews, and expand the content of the Rapoport Center's website. Center for Women in Law. In  2008 the law school announced the creation of the Center for Women in Law, "To eliminate the barriers that have thwarted the advancement of women in the legal profession for the past several decades, and thereby enhance the legal profession and its ability to serve an increasingly diverse and globally connected society." Continuing Legal Education. The University of Texas School of Law Continuing Legal Education is one of the oldest and most distinguished providers of professional education in the country, offering over 50 advanced conferences annually that provide CLE and CPE credit to national legal and accounting professionals. Some of  the School's signature programs include Stanley M. Johanson Estate Planning Workshop, Taxation Conference, Jay L. Westbrook Bankruptcy Law, Ernest E. Smith Oil, Gas and Mineral Law, Immigration and Nationality Law and Page Keeton Civil Litigation, which have been offered continuously for over 35 years. Other highly regarded programs in the portfolio include Mergers and Acquisitions Institute, International Upstream Energy Transactions, Parker C. Fielder Oil and Gas Tax (presented with the IRS) and Patent Law Institutes presented in Austin and at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. U.S. Supreme Court clerkships. Since 2005, Texas has had four alumni serve as  judicial clerks at the United States Supreme Court. This record gives Texas a ranking in the top 20 among all law schools for supplying such law clerks for the period 2005-2017. Texas has placed 35 clerks at the U.S. Supreme Court in its history, ranked 13th among law schools; this group includes Diane Wood (class of 1975) who clerked for Justice Harry Blackmun during the 1976 Term, and is now the Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Tarlton Law Library. The Tarlton Law Library is one of the largest academic law libraries in  the country, with a physical collection of more than a million volumes and extensive electronic resources. In addition to a comprehensive collection of United States primary and secondary legal materials in print and digital formats, Tarlton has a broad interdisciplinary collection from the social sciences and humanities. Special collections at Tarlton include significant foreign and international law resources; the papers of former United States Supreme Court Justice Tom Clark; feature films and fiction related to law and popular culture; and the Gavel Archive, a collection of feature films, TV shows, and fiction related to law and popular culture, all candidates  for and winners of the American Bar Association’s prestigious Silver Gavel Award. Tarlton is a depository for United States, European Union, and Canadian government documents. Its extensive collection of rare and antiquarian law books includes noted collections of early legal dictionaries, Texas law, and the works of John Selden. Employment. Texas has maintained strong employment outcomes for its graduates relative to other law schools. According to UT official 2018 ABA-required disclosures, 85.0% of the Class of 2018 had obtained full-time, long-term, J.D.-required employment nine months after graduation. 92.8% of the class obtained employment in careers that  preferred or required a J.D. UT's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 7.2%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2018 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation. Costs. The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at Texas Law for the 2016–2017 academic year is $56,161 for residents and $73,831 for non-residents. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $197,389 for residents and $254,278 for  nonresidents.