Hyundai A engine
The Hyundai A engine also known by its engine code D4CB is a 2.5L diesel 4-cylinder automobile engine produced by Hyundai Motor Group from 2002 up to the present. This is one of the first diesel engines designed and developed solely by Hyundai without any license from any other car manufacturer. The A line of engines feature four cylinders compacted graphite iron block and aluminum cylinder head unit, with chain driven dual overhead camshafts operating four valves per cylinder. Fuel is supplied to the unit using Bosch 2nd-generation common rail direct injection (CRDi) through piezo -electronic injectors operating at for the A I series while it was increased to for the A II series with the latter having been equipped with a Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) with some models having a Wastegate (WGT) instead. As the older A models were rated below their intended Euro rating (A I series rated for Euro 3 is taxed for Euro 2, while earlier A II series rated for Euro 4 is taxed for Euro 3), to achieve the intended Euro 5 emission and taxation compliancy, the later A II series from 2011-onwards is fitted with a standard  Diesel particulate filter to meet the intended emissions standards. A I series. The A I was produced from 2002 through 2006. Typical output is at 3800 rpm. Bore and stroke is . It was available with either 4-speed automatic or 5-speed manual transmissions. A II series. The A II is produced since 2007. Cylinder bore and stroke is . This series saw the introduction of a Variable geometry turbocharger as an improvement from the initial traditional turbocharger of the A I while some later models shifted to a Wastegate instead for some markets. Sometime in 2008 through 2021 some engines  are designated as D4CB-L A II which was a low-power version that is rated only for instead of the usual . 2011 models and beyond are also equipped with a standard particulate filter for emission compliance purposes.