Werner R. Heymann
Werner Richard Heymann (14 February 1896 – 30 May 1961), also known as Werner R. Heymann, was a German-Jewish composer active in Germany and in Hollywood. Early life and education. He was the younger of 4 boys born to a corn merchant. His older brother Walther Heymann who died young wrote expressionistic poems for the magazine "Der Sturm" published by Herwalth Walden. Werner was a child prodigy, starting to sit at the piano at age 3, receiving violin lessons at age 5, and writing his own compositions at age 8. He became a member of the Philharmonic  at age 12 and presented his first work for orchestra at age 16. His "Spring Nocturne for Orchestra" was based on one of his brother's texts. Although he had served in the Prussian Army during World War I, he later became involved with the post-war radical politics and pacifism of the Berlin scene. Moving to composing for the stage, he wrote the music for the Ernst Toller play "Transformation". Popular music and film. When the theater impresario Max Reinhardt opened the satirical cabaret "Sound and Smoke" he became, with Friedrich Hollaender, one of its two main pianists. Later  the film producer Erich Pommer introduced him to the UFA studio, where he wrote music that accompanied over a dozen silents, including "Faust" by F. W. Murnau and "Spies" by Fritz Lang. When sound came in, the songs he wrote for the then popular musicals became hits and are the work for which he is most well known today. Among these films is "The Congress Dances", directed by Erik Charell, with whom he would work again soon on "Caravan" in Hollywood, after he left his country early, along with other artists, when the National Socialists took power in 1933. The  émigré German director Ernst Lubitsch got him to work on 5 of his classic American comedies. He also scored 2 films by another great comedy director, Preston Sturges. Heymann was an Academy Award nominee four times in the early 1940s. Later years. After World War II, he returned to Germany, where he wrote the music for a stage version of the classic film "The Blue Angel" in 1952, and was a member of the jury at the 10th Berlin International Film Festival. His memoirs, recorded on tape during his last years, were published as an autobiography in Germany in 2001 . He had once summed up his thoughts thus: "I love my wife, my child, the world, eating, drinking, smoking, driving. I love freedom. I hate dictatorship, godlessness, writing scores, wool next to my skin, and stones in my shoes. I hope for a United States of Europe." A documentary film about his career, "So Wie Ein Wunder", featuring his daughter Elisabeth Trautwein, and directed by New German Cinema auteur Helma Sanders-Brahms, was shown on German television in 2012.