List of dreadnought battleships of Russia
After the end of the disastrous Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, the Imperial Russian Navy needed several years to absorb the lessons of that war, particularly from the Battle of Tsushima. Design work continued during this period, but designs for dreadnought battleships evolved constantly as new requirements were made. By late 1907, a consensus had been reached by the Russian Naval General Staff and an international design competition was ordered after domestic protests arose after the selection of a design by the British firm of Vickers. A Russian design was ultimately selected, albeit with  extensive support from foreign companies, but money was tight and the ships took over five years to complete. All four ships survived World War I, but one was badly damaged in a fire while in reserve a few years later and was hulked. The three intact ships were modernized before World War II and they all participated in the war, primarily by providing naval gunfire support. All four ships were scrapped after the war. Although the Black Sea Fleet had survived the Russo-Japanese War intact, it consisted solely of obsolete predreadnoughts that would be out-classed if the Ottoman  Navy purchased any dreadnoughts. News of Turkish plans to do so from British shipyards in 1910 prompted the Naval General Staff to start design work on a class of dreadnoughts based on the s. A reduction in speed was accepted in order to increase the armor thickness, but the ships otherwise greatly resembled the previous class. One of these ships was destroyed during World War I by a magazine explosion, another was scuttled to avoid surrender and the third was captured by the Whites during the Russian Civil War and joined Wrangel's fleet in exile. Another dreadnought was ordered  in 1914 after news was received that the Ottoman Turks had ordered another dreadnought in order to maintain superiority. To save time, the ship's design was derived from the previous , although with thicker armor. Her construction was suspended during the war and the ship was later scrapped in the 1920s. In the late 1930s, the Soviets began an ambitious plan of naval expansion in reaction to the naval construction program already begun by Nazi Germany. The centerpiece of this plan was a total of 16 very large battleships. Only four of these ships were begun, and one had already  been cancelled, before Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Construction was suspended during the war and all four hulls were scrapped in the late 1940s. Section::::"Gangut" class. The "Gangut"-class battleships were the first dreadnoughts begun for the Imperial Russian Navy before World War I. They had a convoluted design history involving several British companies, evolving requirements, an international design competition, and foreign protests. Their role was to defend the mouth of the Gulf of Finland against the Germans, who never tried to enter, so the ships spent their time training and providing cover for minelaying operations. Their  crews participated in the general mutiny of the Baltic Fleet after the February Revolution in 1917, and joined the Bolsheviks the following year. The Russians were forced to evacuate their naval base at Helsinki after Finland became independent in December 1917. The "Gangut"-class ships led the first contingent of ships to Kronstadt even though the Gulf of Finland was still frozen. All of the dreadnoughts except for were laid up in October–November 1918 for lack of manpower. was severely damaged by a fire while laid up in 1919. "Petropavlovsk" was retained in commission to defend Kronstadt and Leningrad against  the British forces supporting the Whites Russians although she also helped to suppress a mutiny by the garrison of Fort Krasnaya Gorka in 1919. Her crew, and that of the , joined the Kronstadt Rebellion of March 1921. After it was bloodily crushed, those ships were given proper 'revolutionary' names. , the former "Sevastopol", was modified in 1928 to improve her sea-keeping abilities so that she could be transferred to the Black Sea Fleet which had nothing heavier than a light cruiser available. This proved to be the first of a series of modernizations where each ship of the class was  progressively reconstructed and improved. A number of proposals were made in the 1930s to rebuild , ex-"Poltava", to match her sisters or even as a battlecruiser by removing one turret, but these came to naught and she was hulked preparatory to scrapping. The two ships of the Baltic Fleet did not play a prominent role in the Winter War, but did have their anti-aircraft guns significantly increased before Operation Barbarossa in 1941. However this did not help either ship as they attempted to provide fire support for the defenders of Leningrad. "Marat" had her bow blown off and "Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya  was badly damaged by multiple bomb hits in September. The former was sunk, but later raised and became a floating battery for the duration of the Siege of Leningrad while the latter spent over a year under repair, although this was lengthened by subsequent bomb hits while under repair. Both ships bombarded German and Finnish troops so long as they remained within reach, but Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya" did not venture away from Kronstadt for the duration of the war. "Parizhskaya Kommuna" remained in Sevastopol until forced to evacuate by advancing German troops. She made one trip to besieged Sevastopol in December  1941 and made a number of bombardments in support of the Kerch Offensive during January–March 1942. She was withdrawn from combat in April as German aerial supremacy had made it too risky to risk such a large target. "Sevastopol" and "Oktyabrskaya Revolyutsiya" remained on the active list after the end of the war although little is known of their activities. Both were reclassified as 'school battleships' ("uchebnyi lineinyi korabl") in 1954 and stricken in 1956 after which they were slowly scrapped. There were several plans (Project 27) to reconstruct "Petropavlovsk" using the bow of "Frunze", but they were not  accepted and were formally cancelled on 29 June 1948. The ship was renamed in 1950 and served as a stationary training ship until stricken in 1953 and subsequently broken up. "Frunze" was finally scrapped beginning in 1949. Section::::"Imperatritsa Mariya" class. The "Imperatritsa Mariya"-class () battleships were the first dreadnoughts built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. All three ships were built in Nikolayev during World War I. Two ships were delivered in 1915 and saw some combat against ex-German warships that had been 'gifted' to the Ottoman Empire, but the third was not completed until 1917  and saw no combat due to the disorder in the navy after the February Revolution earlier that year. Section::::"Imperator Nikolai I". Imperator Nikolai I ( or Emperor Nikolai I) was built during World War I for service in the Black Sea. She was designed to counter the multiple Ottoman orders for dreadnoughts which raised the possibility that the Russian dreadnoughts being built for the Black Sea Fleet could be out-numbered. The ship used the same main armament as the preceding , but was larger and more heavily armored. "Imperator Nikolai I" was launched in 1916, but construction was suspended on 24  October 1917. The Soviets considered completing her in 1923, but rejected the idea. She was towed to Sevastopol in 1927 and scrapped. Section::::"Sovetsky Soyuz" class. The "Sovetsky Soyuz"-class battleships (Project 23, ), also known as "Stalin's Republics", were a class of battleships begun by the Soviet Union in the late 1930s but never brought into service. They were designed in response to the battleships being built by Germany. These ships would have rivaled the Imperial Japanese in size if any had been completed, although with significantly weaker firepower: guns compared to the guns of the Japanese ships. However they would  have been superior to their German rivals, the , at least on paper. The failure of the Soviet armor plate industry to build cemented armor plates thicker than would have negated any advantages from the "Sovetsky Soyuz" class's thicker armor in combat. Construction of the first four ships was plagued with difficulties as the Soviet shipbuilding and related industries were not prepared to build such large ships. One battleship, "Sovetskaya Belorussiya", was cancelled on 19 October 1940 to divert resources to an expanded army rearmament program, after serious construction flaws were found. Construction of the other three ships was suspended  in June 1941, and never resumed. All three of the surviving hulls were scrapped in the late 1940s.