Jacqueline Stone
Jacqueline Ilyse Stone (born June 30, 1949) is an emeritus Professor of Japanese Religion in the Department of Religion at Princeton University's Department of Religion and a specialist in Japanese Buddhism, particularly Kamakura Buddhism, Nichiren Buddhism from medieval to modern times, and deathbed practices in Japan, She has been elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Biography. Stone earned a B.A. in Japanese and English from San Francisco State University in 1974. She then received an M.A. (1986) and a Ph.D. (1990) from UCLA, where she studied under William LaFleur and wrote a dissertation on  problematic texts attributed to Nichiren. She taught at Princeton from 1990 until her retirement on July 1, 2019. Academic career. Stone has written and edited widely in English and Japanese on topics including the Lotus Sutra, medieval and modern movements in Nichiren Buddhism, historiography, death, and ideas of time and space in Japanese religions. As a teacher at Princeton University, Stone received the Graduate Mentoring Award in the Humanities (jointly with Stephen F. Teiser) in 2014 and the President’s Award for Distinguished Teaching in 2018. She has trained more than a dozen PhD students, many of whom now at  leading Buddhist and Religious Studies programs in North America. Stone has served as president of the Society for the Study of Japanese Religions and co-chair of the Buddhism section of the American Academy of Religion. She is vice president and chief financial officer of the editorial board of the Kuroda Institute for the Study of Buddhism. She is also a member of the advisory board of the "Japanese Journal of Religious Studies". In 2018 she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Academic work. Stone's first monograph, "Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese  Buddhism" (University of Hawai’i Press, 1999), received the 2001 American Academy of Religion Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion in the Historical Studies category. It is a study of hongaku thought, the notion that all beings are “originally enlightened” and simply need to realize their own Buddha nature. Rather than seeing the new Kamakura schools as reacting against a moribund Tendai establishment as much previous scholarship had done, the book offers an interactive model that showing that both Tendai and Nichiren movements simultaneously and creatively worked through the problems and promise of original enlightenment or hongaku discourse. While  original enlightenment thought is often seen as denying the need for practice, Stone demonstrates that medieval authors promoted a variety of practices. Practice was not ignored; it was instead reconceptualized, often as an expression rather than a cause of awakening. The book introduces a four-part paradigm for enlightenment in medieval Japan based on notions of non-linearity (liberation occurs in a moment), single condition (one practice leads to liberation), all-inclusiveness (the practice contains all of enlightenment within it), and a denial of the need to make merit or remove sin. Her second monograph, "Right Thoughts at the Last  Moment: Buddhism and Deathbed Practices in Early Medieval Japan" (University of Hawai’i Press, 2016), won the 2017 Toshihide Numata Book Award in Buddhism. This book documents a common religious culture centered on deathbed practices that often transcend social and sectarian distinctions. The book overcomes divisions in Buddhist Studies between social history and doctrinal research by showing how teachings and practice relate to one another. Stone uncovers competing logics that help define deathbed ritual including notions of karmic causality and individual responsibility, highly social discourses of merit transfer, and the idea that the deathbed moment is so powerful that it can  override a lifetime of wrongdoings. It uses a range of sources including ritual manuals, Buddhist narratives, and hagiographies, many discussed in English for the first time.