Wattled ploughbill
The wattled ploughbill ("Eulacestoma nigropectus") is a small bird from New Guinea. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Eulacestoma and family Eulacestomidae. It is also known as the wattled shrike-tit or ploughshare tit. Taxonomy. The wattled ploughbill was long thought to be related to the whistlers (Pachycephalidae), and shriketits (formerly Pachycephalidae, now often treated as its own family). In particular the wattled ploughbill and crested shriketit share a similar large bill. Genetic studies have shown that these birds are not closely related, and as instead more closely related to the sittellas. Because of its  genetic and morphological uniqueness, in 2014 Richard Schodde and Leslie Christidis placed it in its own monotypic family Eulacestomidae. The wattled ploughbill is a monotypic species, meaning it has no accepted subspecies. A subspecies "clara" has been proposed, but it is not reliably distinct from other birds in this species. Description. It is approximately , olive-brown songbird with a strong, thick, wedge-shaped black bill. It weighs . The sexes are different. The male has black underparts, an almost golden forehead, black wings with golden scapulars, and a pair of large circular pink wattles on the cheek. The female has olive  green plumage and pale olive below. Only the adult male has wattles. Distribution and habitat. The wattled ploughbill is distributed and endemic to central mountain ranges of New Guinea. Behaviour. The diet consists mainly of insects. The species feeds from the forest floor to up to , from the understory to the mid-level of the forest. It particularly favours groves of bamboo as a micro-habitat for feeding. It forages on branches and twigs, gleaning insects from the surface and prising off bark to expose prey. The species will readily join mixed-species feeding flocks. Conservation. Widespread throughout its large  range, the wattled ploughbill is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.