Maker, Cornwall
Maker () is a village between Cawsand and Rame Head, Rame Peninsula, Cornwall, United Kingdom. The name means "a ruin" or "old wall" in Cornish, possibly because the church was built from the ruins of West Stonehouse in Cremyll. This origin of the name is unlikely, as Maker is first referred to in 705AD, which predates the construction of the church. Another supposition, is that the "old walls" are those of a (now lost) Roman-British villa. However, another Celtic name is "Egloshayle", (not to be confused with Egloshayle on the River Camel) which means, "the church on the  estuary". The village and its neighbour Rame are in the civil parish of Maker with Rame and the parliamentary constituency of South East Cornwall. The parish had a population of 1,020 at the 2011 census. History. In their western advance across South West England, the West Saxons halted at the River Tamar, but in 705, King Geraint of Dumnonia gave the promontory on the Cornish side of the mouth of the River Tamar to Sherborne Abbey, to keep control of the Tamar mouth in West Saxon hands. This was royal land, and remained in Devon until the Counties (Detached Parts ) Act 1844 regularised county exclaves across England. The Normans installed the Valletorts as tenants of most of the land controlling the Tamar. From them, Maker passed by marriage to the Durnford family and then to the Edgcumbes. Maker was recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) when it was held by Reginald from Robert, Count of Mortain. There was 1 hide of land and land for 8 ploughs. There were 3 ploughs, 4 serfs, 6 villeins, 8 smallholders, of pasture. The value of the manor was £1 sterling though it had formerly been worth . Parish church. St Mary's and  St Julian's Church is a typical 15th century Cornish church. It was a time of rebuilding throughout the country and churches were designed for preaching the word rather than stressing the liturgy. The aisles are the same length as the nave, and there is a massive western tower. The font is Norman, but was originally at St Merryn. The Edgcumbe chapel was added in 1874. Maker Redoubts. During the American War of Independence, it was thought that an attacking force could establish themselves on the ridge of high ground near Maker, which overlooked both Plymouth Sound and the Royal  Dockyard at Devonport. In August 1779, a fleet of French and Spanish ships anchored off Cawsand Bay but withdrew soon afterwards; regular and militia troops camped on Maker Heights for the following three summers and constructed a line of five earthen redoubts or small forts along the ridge under the direction of Lieutenant-Colonel Dixon. During the French Revolutionary Wars, redoubts Number 4 and 5 were rebuilt with stone revetments and a sixth stone redoubt was built at Empacombe in 1807. A supporting barracks was built for the redoubts between 1804 and 1808. Some of the redoubts were reused in  the second World War to protect buildings associated with a nearby heavy anti-aircraft battery for six guns, installed to protect Plymouth. Fort Picklecombe. Fort Picklecombe, near Maker, was commissioned by Lord Palmerston as one of a series of coastal defences against possible French invasion. It has since been converted into residential apartments.