Umberto Barbaro
Umberto Barbaro (3 January 1902, Acireale – 19 March 1959, Rome) was an Italian film critic and essayist. Biography. Umberto Barbaro was active in many fields: fiction, drama, cinema, criticism and history of figurative art. In 1923 he was the editor of "La bilancia" and collaborated with Dino Terra, Vinicio Paladini and Paolo Flores. In 1927 he was among the leaders of the "Movimento Immaginista" and one of the "left" among the "Futurists". His work received attention in France, America, Russia and Germany. With Anton Giulio Bragaglia he founded the "Teatro degli Indipendenti" in Rome. He knew Russian and  German and translated the works of Heinrich von Kleist, Mikhail Bulgakov and Frank Wedekind into Italian. Barbaro was a journalist, essayist, novelist and his writings appear in several magazines of the time. In 1936 he co-founded, with Luigi Chiarini, the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome and became a teacher. They published the monthly film magazine "Bianco e Nero", directly tied to the Centro Sperimentale. After the Second World War, Barbaro continued his studies on cinema in general and in particular Soviet cinema. He made additional translations into Italian of the writings of theorists of cinema, including Vsevolod Pudovkin , Sergej Mikhailovich Eisenstein, Rudolf Arnheim and Béla Balázs. In 1947 he also translated Sigmund Freud. In 1945 Barbaro was appointed Special Commissioner by the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia, a position he held until 1947, when it was removed for political reasons. Barbaro was a backer of the neo-realist cinema. Barbaro began his filmmaking debut as writer, in 1933 with a documentary, "Cantieri dell'Adriatico" followed by his only full-length film, "L'ultima nemica". After the war turns, with the help of Roberto Longhi, Barbaro made two short of films dedicated to Carpaccio and Caravaggio. Barbaro was a film critic for  L'Unità, the weekly "Vie Nuove e a Filmcritica", and the fortnightly "L'Eco del cinema" magazines. Umberto Barbaro has been elected to the "Biblioteca del Cinema" and awarded the "Premio Nazionale Filmcritica"