German submarine U-106 (1940)
German submarine "U-106" was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine" that operated during World War II. She was laid down on 26 November 1939 at DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 969, launched on 17 June 1940 and commissioned on 24 September. She was armed with six torpedo tubes and a 10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun. "U-106" was assigned to the 2nd U-boat Flotilla on 24 September 1940, in which she would serve for nearly three years. "U-106" was one of the most successful German submarines of World  War II. She completed 10 wartime patrols and sank 22 ships totalling . She also damaged two ships totalling , one auxiliary warship of and the battleship . "U-106" helped to catalyze Mexico's entry into World War II on the side of the Allies by sinking one of two oil tankers; the . (The other was the , sunk by ). Design. German Type IXB submarines were slightly larger than the original German Type IX submarines, later designated IXA. "U-106" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a  beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to . The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . "U-106  was fitted with six torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 torpedoes, one SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a SK C/30 as well as a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight. Service history. 1st patrol. U-106" departed Kiel for her first patrol on 4 January 1941 which was to be conducted in the Atlantic Ocean. Her route included negotiating the gap between the Faroe and Shetland Islands. She sailed north-west of Rockall and sank two ships: "Zealandic" on the 17th and "Sesostris" on the 29th . There were no survivors from either vessel. The boat docked in Lorient in occupied France on 10 February. 2nd patrol. For her second patrol, "U-106" departed Lorient on 26 February 1941. She would not return to France until 17 June 112 days later. The boat headed for the coast of west Africa. Her first victim on this patrol was "Memnon", which went to the bottom west of Cape Blanco, French West Africa on 11 March. She sank seven more ships and damaged two others, including the battleship in the vicinity of Senegal and the Cape Verde Islands. One of the  seven, "Eastlea", had her back broken and sank within ten minutes. 3rd patrol. Sortie number three and the U-boat failed to find any targets. She had left Lorient on 11 August 1941 and returned there a month later (on 11 September), having covered the ocean west of Ireland, also west of the Azores and from north of that island chain to the Portuguese mainland. On 2 Sept., the submarine met the German freighter "Anneliese Essberger" at 37 degrees 55 minutes N and 37 degrees 24 minutes W. She then escorted the freighter until 8 Sept., when they reached western  cape of the Spanish north coast. The freighter then continued onwards to Bordeaux. 4th patrol. Any success on the boat's fourth sally was marred on 23 October 1941 by the discovery that an entire watch, (four men), had been washed overboard in heavy seas on the western edge of the Bay of Biscay. "U-106" sank one ship, "King Malcolm" on the 28th and damaged one other, , on the 30th. She was then hunted for nine hours and seriously damaged by the escort vessels of convoy ON-28. 5th patrol. For her fifth patrol, "U-106" sailed along the eastern coast of  the United States and sank five ships, during the so-called "Second Happy Time". Amongst them were the and the tanker , the latter ship being dispatched with her 10.5 cm deck gun. She had left Lorient on 3 January 1942 and returned on 22 February. 6th patrol. Patrol number six also benefitted from a change of operational area to the Gulf of Mexico, where the boat sank five more ships and damaged a sixth. One of them, the tanker "Faja de Oro", on 21 May 1942, was the second ship to be sunk which helped to facilitate Mexico's declaration  of war on Germany on 1 June. 7th and 8th patrols. "U-106" was attacked by a Vickers Wellington of No. 311 Squadron RAF in the Bay of Biscay on 27 July 1942. The first watch officer (1WO) was killed; the commander was wounded, forcing the boat to put about, returning to Lorient on the 29th, just five days after setting out. The submarine crossed the Atlantic once more, sinking "Waterton" in the Gulf of St. Lawrence on 11 October 1942. 9th patrol. This foray was comparatively uneventful, starting on 17 February 1943 and finishing on 4 April. No ships were  attacked. 10th patrol. The U-boat's 10th and final patrol began on 28 July 1943; she was sunk on 2 August of that year off northern Spain, after being damaged by a Wellington of No. 407 Squadron RCAF. Fate. "U-106" tried to join E-boats (German surface torpedo boats), but was spotted by a Sunderland flying boat of 228 Squadron flown by Flying Officer Reader Hanbury. Although the anti-aircraft guns on "U-106" fended off the British flying boat that sighted it, "U-106" was hit by a Sunderland from No. 461 Squadron RAAF flown by Flight Lieutenant A. F.  Clarke. According to the Allied crews and photographs taken of the attack, the U-boat partially exploded before sinking vertically. 22 of "U-106"s 48-man crew were killed. 26 survived the attack and were later picked up by German E-boats. Wolfpacks. "U-106" took part in three wolfpacks, namely: