Ève (Massenet)
Ève is an oratorio composed by Jules Massenet, with a French libretto by Louis Gallet. It was first performed at the Cirque d'été in Paris on 18 March 1875, two years after Massenet composed his more widely disseminated oratorio "Marie-Magdeleine". Ève (1875) shares a new interpretation of the biblical story of Adam and Eve. Set for orchestra, chorus, and three soloists, the oratorio contains typical textures of the Late-Romantic and Impressionist eras. Principal characters. With principal parts for Adam and Eve, the chorus remains present throughout as agents for both good and evil or as the  voice of nature Structure and story. . "Ève" is a recounting of the story of Adam and Eve, and an interpretation of the biblical narration of Eve succumbing to evil's temptation to commit original sin, and the fallout that occurs thereafter. It can be considered as a three-part oratorio consisting of five smaller pieces (one of which is a short prologue). Section::::"Premiere Partie". After an introduction "La Naissance de la femme", featuring the creation of the first woman, the newly formed Ève joins Adam in the Garden of Eden, where (in the first major piece "Adam et Ève") they  experience contented piety matching the idyllic existence described in the Book of Genesis 2:15-25. Section::::"Deuxieme Partie". "Ève dans la Solitude" marks a turning point when Ève becomes tempted by the forbidden fruit while Adam sleeps. Section::::"Troisieme Partie". Ève brings the fruit to Adam, which they share in "La Faute", and this disruptive mistake culminates in a riotous final piece, "La Malediction", in which they are struck by God's curse and are cast out of Eden forever. Belief Underlying "Eve". "Eve" is simple and untheatrical. With principal parts for Adam and Ève, the chorus remains present throughout the work  as an agent for both good and evil. Gallet's libretto for Ève contains a few important changes from the biblical story, which greatly affect the meaning of the oratorio: the tree of knowledge of good and evil becomes the tree of science, “The Voices of the Night” replace the serpent, the forbidden fruit is now “the fruit of love,” and the chorus replaces God's interaction with Adam and Eve by acting as “The Voices of Nature. Importance of the Oratorio in Massenet's work. In 1873 Massenet initiated a series of sacred dramas based on the lives of  female biblical characters. The two oratorios "Eve" and "Marie Magdaleine" laid the foundation of Massenet's inclination for themes with an amalgam of eroticism and religiosity that would develop in many of his later operas such as "Herodiade" and "Esclaramonde". These operas build on themes present in his formative works: the conflict among religion, eroticism, and orientalism."Thais" constitutes perhaps the most open exploration of his analysis of the religious and the erotic.