Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe
Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe (or, informally, Commando Cody) is a 1953 American black-and-white multi-chapter movie serial from Republic Pictures, which began life as a proposed syndicated television series. It consists of twelve 25-minute sequential episodes directed by Harry Keller, Franklin Adreon, and Fred C. Brannon. It stars Judd Holdren, Aline Towne, Gregory Gaye, William Schallert, Richard Crane, and Craig Kelly. Originally intended to be broadcast on television as a 12-episode weekly series, "Sky Marshall" was first released theatrically in 1953 as a 12-chapter weekly  serial; it was syndicated to television on NBC in 1955. The Commando Cody character was first introduced in Republic's earlier serial "Radar Men from the Moon" (1952), with actor George Wallace in the title role. Judd Holdren first played the Commando Cody character in "Zombies of the Stratosphere" (also 1952), but was renamed Larry Martin for this follow-up serial. Plot. Dangerous weather and climate changes are ravaging the Earth. Masked super-scientist Commando Cody is approached by the U.S. government to investigate. Among the tools at his disposal are a sonic-powered one-man flying suit with an  aerodynamic helmet and a new Cody-designed and built rocket ship. With his colleagues Joan and Ted (later replaced by Dick), he ascertains the disasters are being caused by space-alien forces led by a mysterious "Ruler" of unknown planetary origins, with occasional help from hired, Earth-born criminals. Warding off various dangers, Cody and his associates are able to methodically close in on the culprits and reveal that The Ruler is from our sister world Venus. In the final episode, Cody is able to capture The Ruler and his soldiers on Mercury with the help of the persecuted Mercurians  and their queen. This brings a quick end to the Ruler's influence on Venus and a peace treaty soon follows, ending the Venus-Earth conflict. Release and chapters. The serial was first released theatrically in 1953 with twelve weekly approximately 30-minute chapters: The serial was later syndicated to television in 1955 by Republic's TV arm Hollywood Television Service, airing on NBC stations. The original chapters were filmed with a running-time of 25 minutes each, before commercials, requiring no further editing for a half-hour television slot of that era. Production. While "Commando Cody" was originally filmed  as a twelve-part TV series, union contract issues forced Republic to first exhibit them in theaters as a 12-part weekly movie serial. The TV episodes actually built on each other in chronological order, lacking the traditional cliffhanger endings that characterized theatrical serials. "Sky Marshal" was meant as a prequel to Republic's "Radar Men from the Moon" movie serial. The first chapter has characters Joan and Ted, Commando Cody's established sidekicks in "Radar Men", applying for their jobs and meeting Cody for the first time. There was a substantial break between filming the first three TV episodes  and last nine, during which time Republic set about filming another Cody movie serial called "Zombies of the Stratosphere". It starred Judd Holdren as Cody, Aline Towne as Joan, and Wilson Wood as Ted. For reasons unknown, however, Republic revised the principal characters' names, and "Commando Cody" became "Larry Martin". The third TV episode ends with the apparent death of The Ruler, suggesting that Republic may have reconsidered filming the remaining nine and just edit the three it had already completed into a 75-minute science fiction feature film. By the time filming finally resumed on the "Sky Marshal" TV  series, Republic had lost actor William Schallert as Cody's male colleague "Ted Richards" (played by William Bakewell in "Radar Men"). A replacement was found in Richard Crane, a year before his best-remembered role starring as the title character on the science fiction TV series "Rocky Jones, Space Ranger". The Ruler also gained a female sidekick, played by Gloria Pall, though she had almost no dialog or action scenes. Flying jacket and helmet. "Commando Cody" reuses the "rocket man" flying jacket and helmet costume, first seen in Republic's serial "King of the Rocket Men" (1949), to which the  other Cody serials are not related. Stock footage was also reused from their other serials, including "The Purple Monster Strikes". The "Sky Marshal" series also recycles characters, sets, props, and concepts from the "Radar Men" serial. Two streamlined, bullet-shaped prop helmets were reused again with the "rocket man" costume. The first was made of lighter weight materials and worn only during the various stunt action scenes; during filming, the single-hinged visors on both frequently warped and would stick open or closed. When not in his flying jacket and helmet, Cody wears a black military tunic with many insignia  and a cap, instead of the regular business suit seen in "Radar Men'. Cody also wears a black domino mask, to hide his real identity. Holdren always suspected this was due to the producers not wanting to take a chance that he might walk out if any future demands for a higher salary were not met, as Clayton Moore had done on the popular "The Lone Ranger" TV series. The mask presumably served to conceal any change of actor, should the part ever need recasting, although disguising the change of lead with a domino mask had not worked well in  the case of the "Lone Ranger". Setting. As the story opens, it is the near future as seen from the perspective of the early 1950s. Earth is in radio contact with civilizations on planets in our solar system, as well as planets in other, distant solar systems, and Commando Cody has just built the world's first spaceship. The rest of the world appears unchanged by these galactic developments. (The exterior of Cody's headquarters building is actually a Republic Pictures office building.) A mysterious despot, known only as "The Ruler", his base planet even being unknown, is trying to  take over the Earth with various disastrous devices. Cody is enlisted by the American government to put an end to the trouble, which takes him into the stratosphere, into outer space, and even to other worlds. The Ruler is finally brought down on Mercury, with the aid of the Mercurian Queen and her soldiers. For the series, a number of new outer space scenes were filmed that had not been seen before in the Republic serials, including "space walks" for several exterior spaceship repairs; aerial raygun duels between "hero" and "enemy" spaceships; and black star fields (rather than daylight and  cloud-spotted skies) for backgrounds, when Cody's or the Ruler's spaceships were shown outside the Earth's atmosphere. Cody and his associates use special badges that conceal radios to communicate with one another, prefiguring similar communication badges used more than 30 years later in "". There were futuristic props and sets, as well as shots of the intricate model-rocket special effects work of Republic's Howard and Theodore Lydecker; the spaceships of Cody and The Ruler were the same basic shooting miniature with different attachments and markings added to make them appear different. Television series or movie serial ? The release of "Commando Cody" as a weekly theatrical serial, despite being originally filmed as a TV series, led to controversy among serial purists: Should it be included in Republic's canon of serials, or should it be considered a separate, stand-alone, limited run science fiction action TV series? The TV episodes were first titled and numbered as "Chapters" on all theatrical release prints and in Republic's advertising, while the later broadcast series lived on in TV syndication for years, long after the movie serial had completed its 12-week run in theaters. The twelve serial episodes had  the same general plot line as the one running through the TV series: the Ruler is always trying to destroy the Earth. Although there are no traditional cliffhanger endings, each serial chapter has a partial resolution at its end: Each episode's primary henchman always escapes. The TV episodes continuity must be shown in their correct show order, rather than being viewed in a serial's interchangeable chapters. Reference works on movie serials, however, generally exclude the serial version of "Sky Marshal", or simply mention it in passing as a later Republic TV series. Home media. "Commando Cody: Sky Marshal  of the Universe", the 1955 syndicated TV series, has been available for decades on all manner of Home Video formats, and was the first of the "rocket man" adventures to be released on Blu-Ray from Olive Films on September 13, 2016.