Workplace safety standards
Workplace safety standards are sets of standards, aimed at safety at workplaces and to reduce occupational risk from occupational illnesses. History. The Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov in 1763 first describes the dangers of mining in his book "The First Foundations of Metallurgy, or Ore Affairs" (). The history of human safety in the workplace began in 1802 with the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act. In 1893 in the United States, Railroad Safety Appliance Act was formed. In 1911 were introduced Coal Mines Act. In 1947, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was signed and published  by a collaborative group of 23 countries working to establish smooth international trade. In the United States the first Federal Safety Standards for cars become effective 1 January 1968. These new standards help protect drivers against unreasonable risk of crashes occurring as a result of the design, construction or performance of motor vehicles. In 2015 was created EFM scientist against EMF radiation. On 11 May 2015, Dr. Martin Blank in a three-minute video makes an appeal to pay attention for dangerous magnetic fields from our communication devices. Classification. Standard protection from radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Continuous exposure to high  frequency or high intensity electromagnetic fields can lead to instantaneous health problems or over time to develop a variety of illnesses, such as nervous disorders and others. Low frequency fields with frequencies between 0 and 10 megahertz that are strong enough can stimulate sensory organs or nerves and cause magnetophosphenes (light flashes), vertigo, nausea or muscle twitches and pain. The standards are drawn up with a set of rules for protection from to limit human exposure to electric fields, magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields. Frequency bands of danger EMF, Zones of danger EMF, types of risks, safety and shielding equipment  are categorized in the standards. 3 kHz to 300 GHz EMF medical devices. A high frequency electromagnetic field can cause negative effects on the nervous system. Also, high intensity fields can cause serious damage to some organs. The health of people with implanted pacemakers and other electronic devices can be seriously harmed. Such irradiation can lead to death. Laser protection standard. Laser damage can be fatal to human vision. In the standards are defined the types of the laser equipment and its application. Safe distances from the laser equipment to the visual apparatus are also categorized. Protection from dangerous substances  and preparations. These standards are set of rules and describe dangerous substances in machine oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in extender oils and other chemical materials used in workplace. The Russian standard describes the physical and chemical properties of dangerous oils. Welding safety. The standards are made up of the following chapters:General Provision - sanitary rules for welding, surfacing and metal cutting, concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the work area;Requirements for technological process:organization of technological processes of welding and surrounding electrical installations, welding of medium and small size products in stationary conditions;Industrial space requirements. Ultrasound safety. Working  with ultrasound can damage the nervous and auditory systems. Air. This European Standard provides guidance on the selection of procedures and installations for the use and maintenance of devices for determining concentrations of chemical and biological agents in the workplace air. quantities Artificial light on workplace. The use of artificial light as the sole source of light or mixing artificial and daylight might cause ill-health effects, both physical and mental, such as eye strain, headaches, or fatigue. The standards address the types of light that negatively affect vision, angles of light in different environments, illumination standards per square meter , and protection methods such as the UGR method. Supporting software. There are thousands of software products today which can simulate workplace hazards. Congress and Conferences for health and safety work. World Congress on Safety and Health. The forum is organized by the International Labour Organization. The first World Congress on Safety and Health was held in Rome in 1955. Workplace Safety Conference. The forum is organized by OSHA. Workplace safety symbols. Workplace safety symbols are classified in several categories: