USS Swordfish (SS-193)
USS "Swordfish" (SS-193), a "Sargo"-class submarine, was the first submarine of the United States Navy named for the swordfish, a large fish with a long, swordlike beak and a high dorsal fin. She was the first American submarine to sink a Japanese ship during World War II. Operational history. 1937–1941. Her keel was laid down on 27 October 1937 by the Mare Island Naval Shipyard of Vallejo, California. She was launched on 3 April 1939 sponsored by Miss Louise Shaw Hepburn, and commissioned on 22 July 1939 with Lieutenant (later Rear Admiral) Chester C. Smith in command . Following shakedown and post-shakedown repairs at Mare Island, "Swordfish" operated out of San Diego, California, until early 1941, when she set sail for Pearl Harbor. On 3 November "Swordfish", in company with three other U.S. submarines, departed Pearl, and on 22 November arrived at Manila, Philippine Islands. The submarine remained at Manila until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. The following day, she set sail on her first war patrol, conducted off the coast of Hainan, China. After damaging several enemy vessels on the 9th, 11th, and 14th ("Kashii Maru"), "Swordfish" sank her initial victim  of the war on 16 December. Hit amidships by one of three torpedoes, the cargo ship "Atsutasan Maru" erupted in a cloud of smoke and flames and disappeared beneath the waves. On 27 December "Swordfish" embarked the organizational staff of the Submarine Asiatic Command Staff at Manila and headed for Soerabaja, Java, arriving on 7 January 1942. 1942. "Swordfish" departed Soerabaja on 16 January for her second war patrol, conducted in the Celebes Sea and in the Philippines. On 24 January, she torpedoed and sank the cargo ship "Myoken Maru" (4,124 tons) off Kema, Celebes Islands. On 20 February, she  submerged in the entrance of Mariveles, Luzon, only to surface after dark to take on board the President of the Philippines, his family and select high-ranking officers. She departed on the surface about 11:30pm and sailed through a minefield. She submerged during the day of 21 February, between 6:20am and 6:20pm which caused it to be quite warm, 94F and 92% humidity. She arrived off the coast of San Jose, Panay, Philippine Islands on 22 February at 10pm and they stopped at 2:30am on 23 February about a mile off the coast of San Jose de Buenavista, Antique . Fifteen minutes later they were advised that their launch was approaching. The passengers debarked the sub around 3am on 23 February. The President and his party were transferred to a motor tender. "Swordfish" then returned to Manila Bay and embarked the High Commissioner of the Philippines, arriving Fremantle, Western Australia, on 9 March. "Swordfish" got underway from Fremantle on 1 April for her third war patrol, with her primary mission being to deliver 40 tons of provisions to the besieged island of Corregidor. The island fell to the Japanese before the mission could be carried out and the submarine  was ordered to patrol in the vicinity of Ambon Island. The only ships sighted were beyond effective range, and the submarine returned to Fremantle on 1 May. Departing Fremantle for her fourth war patrol on 15 May, "Swordfish" was in the Makassar Straiton 23 May when she damaged the "Asakaze Maru"; in the South China Sea on 29 May where she sank a 1900-ton transport ship "Tatsufuku Maru" and was in the Gulf of Siam on 12 June, where she torpedoed and sank a 4585-ton cargo ship "Burma Maru". The submarine returned to Fremantle on 4 July. Her  fifth war patrol, conducted in the Sulu Sea, and her sixth war patrol, conducted in the Solomon Islands, were unproductive. She possibly was involved in an accidental "friendly fire" attack in Misima Island harbor on HMAS "Fauro Chief" which was damaged 12 November 1942 1943. On her seventh war patrol "Swordfish" sank a 4122-ton cargo ship "Myoho Maru" on 19 January 1943. Returning to Pearl Harbor on 23 February, the submarine underwent overhaul until 29 July, when she got underway for her eighth war patrol. On 22 August, she sighted her first target of the patrol, and quickly sent  the 3016-ton cargo ship "Nishiyama Maru" to the bottom, the victim of two torpedo hits. A convoy was intercepted on 5 September, and "Swordfish" damaged a large tanker before sinking a 3203-ton transport ship "Tenkai Maru". The submarine concluded this patrol at Brisbane, Australia, on 20 September. "Swordfish"s ninth war patrol lasted only three weeks. Shortly after reaching her assigned patrol area, material defects were discovered, and the submarine had to return to port. 1944. On the day after Christmas 1943, "Swordfish" departed for her tenth war patrol, in the hands of one of the Submarine Force's  oldest commanders, 42-year-old Karl G. Hensel (Class of 1923), formerly commanding Submarine Division 101. The patrol was conducted in Tokyo Bay. It was plagued with equipment casualties in old "Swordfish", including radar trouble and electrical fires. On 13 January 1944, she sank 6921-ton freighter "Yamakuni Maru", while surviving "heavy—and close—depth charges". The depth charging caused her to lose power in her electrical systems, and when she dived at dawn the next day, she suffered two separate fires and nearly went right to the bottom; her captain managed to bring her back up, where she wallowed  on the surface, only to have a Japanese patrol boat close on her. She regained power in the nick of time and dived. At around 2200 on 14 January, "Swordfish" detected another ship, and made radar contact at on the Japanese navy's first genuine Q-ship, the 2182-ton merchantman "Delhi Maru", on her maiden voyage. She had been outfitted with sonar (which "Swordfish" had heard pinging), new watertight bulkheads, depth charge throwers, and concealed guns, specially to destroy submarines. At midnight, "Swordfish" fired three bow torpedo tubes, scoring three hits with the recently corrected Mark XIV torpedo. "Delhi  Maru" blew up, and the two patrol boats of her escort kept "Swordfish" down with depth charges for three hours before she evaded. 17 January, "Swordfish" was detailed to intercept and her escort. In the dark, it was impossible to see the carrier, but radar made contact on the force at (), making . To avoid being detected, "Swordfish" dived, only to end up in front of one of "Shōkaku"s escorting destroyers, which practically ran right over her. "Shōkaku" came on so fast, "Swordfish" could barely get off a shot from her four stern tubes, with the carrier going away; all missed . On 27 January, "Swordfish" fired two torpedoes at a 3140-ton auxiliary gunboat "Kasagi Maru" which broke in half and sank. She completed her tenth patrol at Pearl Harbor on 7 February. Her total score was claimed to be two ships for 15,200 tons; the tonnage was reduced by JANAC to 12,543 tons postwar, but the number of ships was raised to three. "Swordfish" put to sea on 13 March for her eleventh war patrol, conducted in the Mariana Islands. Although several enemy ships were damaged during this patrol, no sinkings could be confirmed; and the submarine returned to Majuro  on 29 April. "Swordfish"s twelfth war patrol was conducted in the area of the Bonin Islands. On 9 June, the submarine found Japanese destroyer clearly illuminated against the horizon and sank the enemy ship with two torpedoes from her bow tubes. On 15 June, she torpedoed and sank a 4804-ton transport ship "Kanseishi Maru". The remainder of the patrol was unproductive; on 27 June the "Swordfish" heavily damaged two enemy trawlers near Chici Jima and on 30 June sank or heavily damaged a Japanese picket boat in the Northern Pacific, and the submarine terminated her twelfth patrol at Pearl  Harbor on 30 June. On 22 December, "Swordfish" departed Pearl Harbor to conduct her thirteenth war patrol, in the vicinity of Nansei Shoto. She topped off with fuel at Midway on 26 December and left that day for her area. In addition to her regular patrol, "Swordfish" was to conduct photographic reconnaissance of Okinawa, for preparation of the Okinawa Campaign. 1945. On 2 January, "Swordfish" was ordered to delay carrying out her assigned tasks in order to keep her clear of the Nansei Shoto area until completion of carrier-based air strikes which were scheduled. She was directed to patrol  the general vicinity of 30°N; 132°E until further orders were received. Her acknowledgement of those orders on 3 January was the last communication received from "Swordfish". On 9 January 1945, "Swordfish" was directed to proceed to the vicinity of Okinawa to carry out her special mission. It was estimated that the task would not take more than seven days after arrival on station, which she should have reached on 11 January. Upon completion of her mission, "Swordfish" was to proceed to Saipan, or to Midway if she was unable to transmit by radio. Since neither place  had seen her by 15 February, and repeated attempts to raise her by radio had failed, she was reported as presumed lost on that date. In the report of her loss, mention was made that , which at the time was patrolling the vicinity of Okinawa, reported that on the morning of 12 January she contacted a submarine by radar. It was believed that contact was with "Swordfish". Four hours later "Kete" heard heavy depth charging from this area, and it was believed that this attack might have been the cause of "Swordfish"s loss. Japanese information on antisubmarine attacks does not  mention the attack heard by "Kete" on 12 January, and records no attacks in which "Swordfish" is likely to have been the victim. However, it is now known that there were many mines planted around Okinawa, since the Japanese were expecting an Allied invasion of that island. The majority of the mines were planted close in. It is considered about equally likely that "Swordfish" was sunk by depth charge attack before she reached Okinawa for her special mission or that she was lost to a mine at that place. Japanese sources sometimes credit her with sinking "Shoto Maru" on 4  January and being sunk in return by her escort, Kaibokan CD-4, since no claims for "Shoto Maru" match her sinking time. Admiral William S. Pye's son, Lt. Commander John Briscoe Pye, was on the USS "Swordfish" (SS-193) for her 13th and final war patrol. Honors and awards. "Swordfish" earned eight battle stars for World War II service. "Swordfish" was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for the period of her first, second and fourth patrols. A memorial to the boat has been erected in St. Paul, Minnesota near the Como Park Zoo and Conservatory. It is just off Churchill Street , on a rise a short walk south of Hamm Falls. This consists of a torpedo on a stand. On one side of the base is a plaque listing the names of the crew and giving a brief history of the vessel. On the other is a roll of U.S. submarines lost in World War II.