Eastwood, Nottinghamshire
Eastwood is a former coal mining town in the Broxtowe district of Nottinghamshire, England, northwest of Nottingham and northeast of Derby on the border between Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Mentioned in Domesday Book, it expanded rapidly during the Industrial Revolution. The Midland Railway was formed here and it is the birthplace of D. H. Lawrence. The distinctive dialect of East Midlands English is extensively spoken, in which the name of the town is pronounced . History. "Eastwood" is a hybrid place-name, formed from Old English "Est", for "East", and Old Norse "Þveit" , for "meadow", "cleared meadow", or "clearing in  a wood." This is a common element in English place-names, often found as "Thwaite". "Eastwood" might mean "eastern clearing", possibly originating as a Viking-age clearing in Sherwood Forest. There is some evidence to suggest that the land around Eastwood was occupied in the Middle and Late Palǣolithic periods. Stronger indications of later settlement include fragments of characteristic Bronze Age pottery, weapons, and dug-out canoes, which are now preserved at Nottingham Castle, and at the University of Nottingham. The location of the settlement is due primarily to the availability of rich agricultural land, the proximity of the River  Erewash and—most importantly—the extensive and easily mined coal deposits. It is mentioned in Domesday Book as "Estewic," part of the fee of William Peverel: During The Anarchy, the 12th century civil war between Stephen of Blois and supporters of Matilde, the mother of the eventual king, Henry II, Peveral's son, William Peverel the Younger, forfeited these to the Crown in 1155. The estate, called the Peverel Honour, was eventually divided, and much of the land around Eastwood was granted to the Greys of Codnor Castle. Tenant farming prevailed throughout the Middle Ages, whilst common pasture was mainly  used for grazing. When King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England in 1603, Eastwood had a population of about 170, and it remained a small village until the 18th century when, in 1779, the Trent Navigation Company opened the Erewash Canal. This was one of the first man made waterways in England, with locks at Beeston linking Eastwood to the River Trent and Nottingham, and its arrival led to a rapid expansion of the local coal mining industry. Other industries soon followed, including framework knitting, corn milling, pottery, brewing, rope making and brick making. The town  expanded rapidly during the Industrial Revolution, and in the 19th century it experienced the greatest increase in population density of any parish in Nottinghamshire. By 1880 the population had increased to 4,500. Factories were built to accommodate the new industries, land becoming available for them as the rural population moved to urban areas. This industrialisation of the countryside was only restricted from the early 19th century, when, somewhat belatedly, the effect of the Enclosures began to be felt in Nottinghamshire. In a local manifestation of this period of upheaval, marchers of the Pentrich Revolution of 1817 passed through the town , and were met by soldiers at nearby Giltbrook: the residents of Eastwood boarded up their houses and hid in the woods. In 1832, a historic meeting took place at the Sun Inn (built 1750), which resulted in the creation of the Midland Counties Railway, and the construction of a line from Pinxton to Leicester. Industrialisation continued with the opening in 1868 of Moorgreen Colliery, and in 1875 the demand for coal resulted in a railway station in Eastwood, with services to Nottingham on the Great Northern Railway. D. H. Lawrence was born in Eastwood in 1885. Although the local area  is mentioned in many of his novels, it is especially featured in "The White Peacock", against a backdrop of industrialisation. There were ten coal mines, or "pits", within easy walking distance of Lawrence's home, and the overwhelming majority of the local male population were colliers. Although the coal boom ended during Lawrence's childhood, Eastwood continued to expand, Nottingham Road and its feeder streets became established as a shopping area, and in 1908 the local Urban District Council opened its offices. However, few jobs remained outside what remained of the coal industry. Most women were housewives, and boys were  desperate to reach the age of fourteen, when they could start working in the mines. In the early 20th century, trams provided a new means of transport between Nottingham, Ripley and Heanor. Lawrence lived next to the line, and described it as the most dangerous tram service in England. Eastwood coal, metal castings, rope, wire and agricultural products made valuable contributions to Britain's war effort during the two world wars. In the Second World War, Eastwood supplied soldiers to the Sherwood Foresters Regiment. A memorial on Nottingham Road commemorates Eastwood residents who gave their lives in both world wars . In 1946, the coal industry was nationalised, and the new National Coal Board acquired Eastwood Hall as their Area Office. This later became their National Office, and was the location for several crisis meetings during the national Miners' Strike of the 1980s,it is now a hotel. At the height of its production in 1963, Moorgreen Colliery alone produced one million tons of coal, but the last coal mine in the area closed in 1985. In recent years, tourism has become increasingly important. Lawrence's birthplace is now a museum, and a painted line on the pavement, called the "Blue  Line Trail," guides visitors around eleven sites of local interest including three of Lawrence's homes. The trail was the first of its kind in England, the concept being based on the Freedom Trail in Boston, United States. Governance. The Urban District Council for Eastwood became part of Broxtowe District Council in 1974. In 1977 the Council was granted "borough" status, becoming the Borough of Broxtowe. The current mayor is Jackie Williams. Local government. Two-tier local authority services in Broxtowe are provided by the Borough Council and Nottinghamshire County Council. Broxtowe Borough Council currently has 44 councillors, representing 21  wards, each returning one, two, or three councillors, according to the population size of the ward. During the local elections held in 2007, councillors were elected as follows: Since boundary changes in 2015, the wards were renamed to: Parliamentary constituencies. The Eastwood wards are in the Ashfield constituency. The current MP is Lee Anderson, who was elected in 2019 replacing Gloria De Piero who had been MP for Ashfield since 2010. The ward of Greasley is shared between the Ashfield and Broxtowe constituencies. The current MP is Darren Henry, who was elected in 2019. Parish councils. Parish councils include Eastwood  Town Council and Greasley Council. European Parliament. Prior to the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union, the Borough of Broxtowe was in the European Parliament East Midlands constituency. MEPs are selected by proportional representation and so all East Midlands MEPs shared responsibility for Broxtowe's residents. Geography. Surrounded by gently rolling countryside, Eastwood is 8 miles to the Northwest of the City of Nottingham in Nottinghamshire and close to the county boundary with Derbyshire. The area contains coal measures, with shale, mudstone, and sandstone, overlain by yellow clay. Alluvial deposits from the River Erewash run roughly north-south . The town is centred on Nottingham Road, which runs along a north west-south east ridge. This road contains many shops, uphill to the east, it leads to the A610 to Nottingham, the M1 motorway, and Giltbrook Retail Park, which is home to a large IKEA store, and various projected developments (see Future plans). At the western end of Eastwood is a gyratory system, consisting of an ancient crossroads converted into a traffic island, around the Sun Inn public house. A large Morrisons supermarket is here, and roads lead from the gyratory system north to Brinsley, west to Heanor, and  south through Church Street, the location of several listed buildings, into New Eastwood. The town is still surrounded by farmed land, woods and fields, and just half a mile (1 km) to the west, the River Erewash forms the boundary between Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Alongside the river, the Erewash Canal leads to the River Trent. A large hill, visible when looking north from the town, is known locally as "dot hill", "dirt hill", or "bum hill." This land has been reclaimed from a former slag heap. Demography. At the 2001 UK census, the town of Eastwood had a total population  of 18,732. Population change can be tracked accurately from the 1911 census until the 1971 census, as Eastwood Urban District was a Local Government District from 1896 until 1974. In the 1951 census, approximately 11.5% of the total population listed their occupation as "Mining & Quarrying". By the 2001 survey, this had fallen to 0.15%. In the 2001 census, over 98% of the population selected the ethnicity "White: British." The national average for England was 87%. Landmarks. "The Buildings" is a housing estate, consisting of some 300 terraced miners' cottages, built in the 1860s. They were saved from demolition by a  council scheme, which won an EEC habitat award in 1977. It was also used to illustrate the European Community's Urban Renaissance competition in 1980. Colliers' Wood is a 14 hectare community woodland, part of the Greenwood Community Forest, created in 1996/97 to reclaim some of the woodland and fields destroyed by the mining developments. Over 17,500 trees and hedgerows were planted, and two ponds created. The footpath is made from reclaimed shale. Habitats cater to a wide variety of birds, including mute swans, goldfinches, lesser redpoll, skylarks, and willow warblers. A war memorial was unveiled in 1921, inscribed ""to  the men of Eastwood, who fell in the Great War 1914–1918"." Later, World War II dedications were added, and it was moved to its present location at Plumptre Way. It is in the shape of an obelisk, made of Italian marble with a base of Whatstandwell stone. The Library, opened in 1975, includes an extensive collection of books by and about D H Lawrence. Also on view is Lawrence's desk, and the headstone from his grave in Vence, France. Greasley Castle (c. 1341) was founded by Nicholas de Cantilupe. The remains are now covered by Greasley Castle Farmhouse (c.  1800), which incorporates fragments of medieval masonry. The "Blue Line Trail" – painted along the pavement – guides visitors around the areas connected with the author D.H. Lawrence and include the D.H. Lawrence Birthplace Museum, established as a working class Victorian House, Durban House Heritage Centre with Lawrence exhibition, The Rocking Horse Bistro and art gallery all now closed and the three other houses in which Lawrence lived. Eastwood Hall was the headquarters of British Coal. It is now a hotel and conference centre. The Man in Space public house was built in the 1960s. It appeared briefly in the film "Carry  on at Your Convenience". But has since closed and been converted to a Sainsburys Local. Since 27 November 2020 it has been and still is a co-op store Transport. The M1 motorway runs close to Eastwood (junctions 26 and 27). Eastwood is served by the operators Trent Barton and Nottingham County Council. In the past, it has been served by A&S Coaches, Centrebus, Dunn-Line, K&H Doyles, Notts + Derby, Veolia and Yourbus. The current routes are as follows: Journeys to Nottingham on the Rainbow One take 40 mins Journeys to Hucknall on the Amberline take 30 mins The  nearest railway station is at Langley Mill, which has connections to Nottingham, Sheffield, Chesterfield and Manchester. The East Midlands Airport is 13 miles away, 19 by road. Education. There are five primary schools in the area, including Florence Nightingale Academy, Greasley Beauvale Primary School (which D.H Lawrence attended), Lawrence View Primary School, The Priory Catholic Primary School and Springbank Academy (formerly known as Eastwood Infant and Junior School). Most older local students attend Hall Park Academy which was formerly known as Eastwood Comprehensive School. Eastwood Skills Shop offers courses including IT, Arts & Crafts, Spanish and Interior Design. Eastwood Library, in  the centre of the town, provides traditional book loans, but also has free internet access, CDRoms and a range of information services. Eastwood Community Sports Centre has a four-court sports hall, and 2 junior and 2 full sized football pitches. Religious sites. St Mary's Parish Church has an open evangelical style of worship. There has been a church on the site since 1250, and there are some remains of the original structure. It was enlarged in 1826, largely replaced in 1858, and almost destroyed by fire in 1963. Only the tower remained; the rest of the present building  was added in 1967, and consecrated on 25 September. Beauvale Priory was founded in 1343 by Nicholas de Cantelupe. One of nine Carthusian English houses which owed allegiance to the Grande Chartreuse, the monks' rules were similar to those of Benedictine Order. The monastery was suppressed in 1539, but it lives on in Lawrence's "White Peacock" as "the Abbey." Other churches in the area include; Sports. Eastwood has its own non league football club, Eastwood Community F.C. founded in 2014, who currently play in the at Coronation Park. Eastwood Town Cricket Club plays in the Gunn & Moore South Notts  League. Nottinghamshire pool team play in the EPA county structure. Their home venue is Phoenix Cue Sports, Mansfield Road. Eastwood Antz Basketball Club play at Eastwood Sports Centre, Mansfield Road Recent developments. The Giltbrook retail park, 1.5 miles (2.5 km) South-west of Eastwood, is a £70m shopping complex that opened on 14 October 2008. The site covers , of which is retail alongside of employment units. The site is dominated by a large IKEA store with 2,350 car parking spaces. Other shops include Boots, Pets at Home, Next, Next Home, Wilkos, Decathlon, Fabb Sofas, Laura Ashley, Mamas & Papas , Starbucks, Subway Screwfix Blue Monkey Brewing and Frankie & Benny's. Culture and community. Eastwood Collieries' Male Voice Choir formed in 1919. They appeared on BBC television in 1963, and are one of the oldest surviving colliery choirs in the United Kingdom. Eastwood Arcadians are a local marching band. The local newspaper is the Eastwood and Kimberley Advertiser. Eastwood Theatre is home to local, national and international theatre. Its programme showcases dance, music and drama from professional and amateur performers.