20 IBhayibheli lithi uthando “luthemba zonke izinto.” (1 Kor. 13:4, 7) Akuyona into engalungile ukuba nethemba lokuthi othandekayo wakho uzobuya. Minyaka yonke, kunenqwaba yabantu abenze okubi abaphendukayo futhi babuyele enhlanganweni kaJehova. UJehova akacasuki ngokuthi baphendukile. Kunalokho, “ukulungele ukuthethelela.”—IHu. 86:5. Odadewethu ababili abangamaphayona, uManea Aduashvili noNazy Zhvania, babelwa edolobheni lase-Ozurgeti. UManea owayeneminyaka engu-60 ngaleso sikhathi uyakhumbula, “Sasazi ukuthi kwakunomuntu othanda iqiniso owayehlala eduze kwase-Ozurgeti. Ngakho lapho nje sifika sahlela ukuhlangana naye. Lapho sifika emzini wakhe wayesilindile, ekanye nabanye abangaba ngu-30 ayebamemile. Ngalolo suku, saqala izifundo zeBhayibheli eziningi.” ▼ Speakers tend to accommodate listeners when communicate in difficult situations. Noise and hearing loss can induce similar or different difficulties for listeners due to the nature of noise and hearing loss. Speakers may be aware of the characteristics of difficulties experienced by listeners and make speech modifications accordingly. The current study aims to explore the similarities and differences between the effects of white noise and a simulated hearing loss on listener-directed Mandarin tone production. Mean f0 and tone space dispersion were measured for four native Mandarin speakers. Mean f0 was found to be elevated when addressing a listener in white noise and a listener who was simulated to experience a hearing loss. The modification of tone space dispersion was found to be greater in hearing loss condition than in white noise condition. The results suggested that speakers were aware of the difference between the audibility problem and the clarity problem on the listener and adjusted their speech accordingly. The results can be explained in the model of Lindblom’s H&H theory. When speakers are aware that the listener’s access to information is blocked by some barriers, speakers will accommodate the listener by producing hyperarticulation in certain dimensions according to the nature of the barrier. Advisors/Committee Members: Rebecca Scarborough, Kathryn Arehart, Kevin Cohen.