Benjamin H. Bratton
Benjamin H. Bratton (born 1968) is an American sociologist, architectural and design theorist, known for philosophical and applied research and for his writing on the geopolitical implications of what he terms "planetary scale computation". He is Professor of Visual Arts at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and author of numerous books and essays on philosophy of technology, art and architecture, political theory, and computer science. Early life. Bratton was born in Los Angeles, California in 1968 and holds a PhD. in the Sociology of Technology from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Career. Since 2009 , he is Professor of Visual Arts at University of California, San Diego. Prior to teaching at UCSD, Bratton taught at the Southern California Institute of Architecture in Los Angeles from 2001–2010 and is now a Distinguished Visiting Professor. He taught in the Department of Design Media Arts at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 2003–2008. He founded University of California, San Diego's Speculative Design undergraduate major. Since 2014, he has been Professor of Philosophy of Design at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. In 2016, he succeeded Rem Koolhaas as program director of the Strelka  Institute, a Moscow-based think tank and post-graduate program in architecture, media, and design. He directed two three-year programs, The New Normal and The Terraforming. At the outbreak of the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine the institute indefinitely suspended all programs in protest. Beginning in 2019, he is Visiting Professor at NYU Shanghai. Publications. The Revenge of the Real: Politics for a Post-Pandemic World. In 2021, Verso Books published Bratton's book on the COVID-19 pandemic based on his essay "18 Lessons for Quarantine Urbanism". The book argues that the pandemic demonstrates on ongoing crisis of governance  in the West, and that technological capacity to respond to planetary crises outstrips the social and cultural capacity for collective self-organization. The book discusses concepts of the epidemiological view of society, cultural controversies over masks, and points toward a positive biopolitics in sharp contrast with the work of Giorgio Agamben. The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty. "The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty" was published by MIT Press in late 2015. The book challenges traditional ideas of sovereignty centered around the nation-state and develops a theory of geopolitics that accounts for sovereignty in terms of planetary-scale computation at  various scales. Its two core arguments are that planetary-scale computation “distorts and deforms traditional Westphalian logics of political geography” and creates new territories in its own image, and that different scales of computing technology can be understood as forming an “accidental megastructure” that resembles a multi-layer network architecture stack, what Bratton calls “The Stack.” The Stack is described as a platform. Bratton argues that platforms represent a technical and institutional model equivalent to states or markets but reducible to neither. Bratton refers to the book as “a design brief” suggesting that the layers of this structure are modular  available to innovation and replacement. Dispute Plan to Prevent Future Luxury Constitution. His 2015 book "Dispute Plan to Prevent Future Luxury Constitution" was published by e-flux Journal and Sternberg Press in 2015. It launched publicly at the 2016 edition of the Transmediale festival in Berlin. In the description by Sternberg Press the book is " kaleidoscopic theory-fiction" which "links the utopian fantasies of political violence with the equally utopian programs of security and control." Essays. "On Geoscapes & Google Caliphate: Except #Mumbai" examines the correspondence of political theology and planetary computation as modes of political geography. His lecture "Surviving the  Interface: the Envelopes, Membranes and Borders of Deep Cosmopolitics" considers the emergence of new forms of sovereignty derived from shared digital and urban infrastructures, and the challenges they pose to conventional understandings of architectural partitions and national borders. In his article, "iPhone City (v.2005)" Bratton was early to demonstrate the impact that cinematic user interfaces for mobile social media would have on urban design. His current work develops a political theory of planetary-scale computation and draws from disparate sources, from Paul Virilio, Michel Serres, and Carl Schmitt, to Alan Turing, Google Earth, and IPv6.In 2017, Bratton completed "The New  Normal" an ebook for Strelka Press, which outlines the radical effects that technology is having on our world and describes the emerging forms of city that we should now be designing for. The essay "Planetary Sapience" published in "Noema" in 2021 compares the violent evolution of natural intelligence with the emergence of synthetic intelligence and considers their interrelation in terms of an understanding of intelligence as part of geological history and planetary formation. He contrasts this with the popular notions of Gaia and the Noosphere. Personal life. Bratton lives in La Jolla, California and has a son, Lucien, with writer  Bruna Mori. He is the half-brother of Jamie Stewart of the band Xiu Xiu.