Company (novella)
Company is a novella by Samuel Beckett, written in English and published by John Calder in 1979. It was translated into French by the author and published by Les Éditions de Minuit in 1980. Together with "Ill Seen Ill Said" and "Worstward Ho", it was collected in the volume "Nohow On" in 1989. It is one of Beckett's "closed space" stories. In it, a man lies on his back in the dark, musing about the nature of existence and in particular, his own life. While there are several reminiscences about the narrator's own life (and these  seem to have an autobiographical air about them), the main concern seems to be that of the paradox of consciousness itself and the nature of reality. If one is conscious about oneself and comments on the self from within the self, then where is the true location of the self? Is the mind that examines the self the true "self" or is the "self" that is the subject of mind the true self. The mind can set itself aside from and examine the body that houses it, the presumed "soul" contained somewhere within it, or indeed any other manifestation of  self that the mind cares to focus on. "Company" seems to ask: "what is the locus of the self and how should a person proceed in relation to that amorphous and dynamic entity?" This relates to Plato's paradox of the third man argument - in which a third self (and then another, and another ad infinitum) is required to explain how a man and the form of man are both man, and so on. "Company" illustrates clearly the dilemma of the modern 20th century human, an existential crisis in which God is dead and life's "purpose" seems entirely arbitrary . Beckett's solution in "Company" is to suggest that a plain acceptance of one's temporality is needed in order properly to function. However, far from being hopeless, such a life is hopeful in that its design is one's own responsibility and not that of some god or fate. "Company" is a call to action for those who accept the hard facts. "Get on with it," might be a fitting summation. In terms of the prose, Beckett had a crisis in which he realised he could not mimic James Joyce, whose tendency was—like Rabelais and even the later  stream-of-consciousness writers—to add and expound and thus emphatically impose his vision on the reader. Beckett decided instead to subtract: to make his prose simple, monolithic and bare—until the sentences resemble aphorisms or existential nostrums. There is some stylistic resemblance to J. P. Donleavy's work "The Saddest Summer of Samuel S" (1966) in the short sentences and the general eschewing of punctuation such as commas and question marks.