Wuala
Wuala was a secure online file storage, file synchronization, versioning and backup service originally developed and run by Caleido Inc. It is now part of LaCie, which is in turn owned by Seagate Technology. The service stores files in data centres that are provided by Wuala in multiple European countries (France, Germany, Switzerland). An earlier version also supported distributed storage on other users' machines, however this feature has been dropped. On 17 August 2015 Wuala announced that it was discontinuing its service and that all stored data would be deleted on 15 November 2015. Wuala recommended a rival cloud  storage startup, Tresorit, as an alternative to its remaining customers. History. Most research and development occurred at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich. 14 August 2008 19 September 2008 26 October 2008 16 December 2008 19 March 2009 5 January 2010 23 May 2011 28 September 2011 11 June 2014 31 October 2014 17 August 2015 Features. Any registered user can: Registered and unregistered users can: receive streaming media. When a user adds a file to Wuala, or saves changes to a file that is served by Wuala, the user's local copy of file is: first  encrypted, then chunked into redundant fragments using Reed-Solomon error correction codes. The fragments are then uploaded to the data centers. Storage. Wuala offered free accounts that had 5 GB of storage for no charge. As of 11 June 2014 they shifted to a paid-only service. As of the end of 2014 they will no longer support any form of free-only storage, shifting entirely to a payment based usage model. Users of joint products may start with greater amounts of storage for a limited period: with a LaCie external hard disk drive, 10 GB for one year or  with a LaCie USB flash drive, 4 GB for two years. Additional storage may be bought. As of June 2014, the referral system was shut down due to the new paid-only policy. For bought storage: prices range from 29 EUR/year for 20 GB to 999 EUR/year for 1 TB. Pricing changed in June 2014: The storage plan starts with 0.99 € per month (9 € per year) for 5 GB and ends at 159.90 € per Month (1799 € per year) for 2 TB of storage. Trading. One of the distinguishing features of Wuala, the ability to  trade local disk storage space against cloud storage, is no longer available. User interfaces. Desktop application. The user interface offers most of the features that are normally associated with a file manager. Additional features come through integration. A registered user can install the Java-based client application (SWT-GUI): Wuala Webstart and web browsers. Through a web browser, on a computer that has Java installed: If the computer is without Java, or if running of the class loader is prevented: Non-graphical interfaces. Support for the following may be limited: Security. According to Wuala's FAQ, the software uses AES-256  for encryption and RSA-2048 for key exchange and signatures. Keys are organized in a key management scheme called Cryptree. According to the FAQ, Wuala employs full client-side encryption. All files and their metadata – most OS X metadata is not supported – get encrypted before they are uploaded. The encryption key is stored such that no one, not even LaCie that operates the service, can decrypt the stored files. The disadvantage of this is that Wuala has no password recovery and all data processing needs to be done in the client (for example creating a search index). The advantage is significantly  improved privacy. Since the source code to Wuala has not been released, it is difficult to ensure that the software does what it states it does (including proper client-side encryption). Also, updates are pushed automatically to the client machine. These facts mean that users of Wuala are not safe from possible backdoors in code.