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#1285 03-26-2014, 05:01 PM
Last edited by chochocho; 03-26-2014 at 05:01 PM.. Human-crocodile conflict (Nile crocodile: Crocodylus niloticus) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Thomas, Georgina Diane (2006-12)
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Human-Crocodile Conflict (HCC) is becoming an increasingly social, and conservation
problem in most African countries, as many predator species are under threat due to conflict
situations where predation of livestock and humans is occurring. However, very little is
known about this multidimensional issue, which affects social, political, economic, cultural
and biological aspects of life in regions throughout the world.
The extent and severity of HCC in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, was investigated
through completing questionnaires with the aid of translators in 35 villages surrounding this
unique inland delta in the Ngamiland District of Botswana (N=482). Perceptions towards
crocodiles, the degree of utilization of river resources and traditional beliefs of the local
people were also investigated. A high incidence of attacks was expected to occur where
human and livestock populations were high, with an increasing number of attacks over
time. Half of the people interviewed fear crocodiles and remarked that the brain is
poisonous when consumed. Most human attacks occurred when people were fishing,
swimming or collecting water. Total human population was positively correlated with total
attacks on hwmms and total livestock attacks. The rate of attack on hw11ans and livestock is
increasing linearly with time, which is very concerning as people are dependant on fanning
(livestock and crops) for about 50% of their income. A comparison of recorded attacks with
the DWNP (Department of Wildlife and National Parks) records, revealed that the number
of livestock attacks by crocodiles is minor compared to attacks by lion and leopard in the
Ngamiland District. However, combined with external influences, such as HIV/AIDS, the
impact of HCC will potentially greatly undermine people's livelihoods in the future.
Mitigation measures combining both prevention and reactive techniques are provided for
policy amendments and for communities for the long tenn resolution of HCC. The gradual
phasing-out of monetary compensation (which is currently practiced in Botswana), together
with regulations restricting use of open access water of the Okavango Delta is
recommended. Policy instruments and various incentives (for communities) will aid in
policy implementation and thus facilitate the future coexistence of man and crocodile in the
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mens-Krokodil-Konflik (MKK) is 'n toenemende sosiale, en bewaringsprobleem in die
meeste Afrika-lande. Die rede hiervoor is dat al meer roofdiere onder druk is weens
konfliksituasies waar predasie van vee en mense voorkom. Baie min is egter bekend
rondom hierdie multi-dimensionele kwessie wat die sosiale, politiese, ekonomiese,
kulturele en biologiese aspekte van lewe regoor die wereld affekteer.
Die aard en omvang van MKK in die Okavango-delta, Botswana is ondersoek deur die
voltooiing van vraelyste (N=482), met behulp van vertalers, onder 35 van die nedersettings
wat hierdie unieke binnelandse delta in die Ngan1ilanddistrik van Botswana omring.
Persepsies jeens krokodille, die mate waartoe die river as hulpbron gebruik word, en die
tradisionele geloof van die plaaslike mense, is ondersoek. 'n Hoe voorkoms van aanvalle is
verwag om plaas te vind waar mens- en veepopulasies baie is, asook 'n verwagte,
verhoogde toename oor tyd. Die helfde van die mense waarmee 'n onderhoud gevoer is, is
bang vir krokodille en het genoem dat die brein van die krokodil giftig is om te eet. Die
meeste aanvalle op mense het plaasgevind terwyl mense visgevang, geswem of water
geskep het. Daar was 'n positiewe korrelasie tussen die totale menslike bevolking en die
totale aantal aanvalle op mense en totale aanvalle op vee. Die tempo van aanvalle op mense
en vee is toenemend lineer oor tyd. Dit is kommerwekkend, aangesien die meeste mense
aangewese is op boerdery (vee en gewasse) vir omtrent 50% van hulle inkomste. 'n
Vergelyking met aanvalle opgeteken deur die Departement van Wildlewe en Nasionale
Parke, toon aan dat die aantal aanvalle op vee deur krokodille veel minder is as aanvalle op
vee deur leeus en luiperde in die Ngamilanddistrik. Die impak van MKK, gekombineer met
eksteme invloede, soos MIVNIGS, het egter die potensiaal om mense se bestaan in die
toekoms te ondennyn.
Maatreels wat beide voorkomende en reagerende tegnieke kombineer, word voorgestel vir
beleidswysigings en vir 'n lantennyn-oplossing van MKK in gemeenskappe. Die
geleidelike uitfasering van geldelike kompensasie, soos wat tans die gebruik in Botswana
is, tesan1e met regulasies wat die gebruik van vrye-toegang water beheer, word vir die
Okavango-delta aanbeveel. Beleids-instrumente en verskeie prestasielone (vir
gemeenskappe) sal hulp verleen in beleidsimplementasie en so die toekomstige medebestaan
van die mens en krokodil in die Okavango-delta, Botswana meehelp.
Please refer to this item in SUNScholar by using the following persistent URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50612
This item appears in the following collections: Masters Degrees (Conservation Ecology and Entomology)163
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