Special Tactical Contingent
The Special Tactical Contingent (STC; ), nicknamed the "Raptors" (), commonly known as the Special Tactical Squad (STS), is a specialist riot contingent of the Hong Kong Police Force under the command of the Police Tactical Unit (PTU). It was created in September 2014 in response to Occupy Movement protests with its main tasks being crowd control and riot control, including when the PTU suffered from heavy blockade or obstruction. Examples were obstacle removal, conducting arrests, providing first aid, etc. The STC would also conduct observational and command related tasks, to ensure and review the Police Tactical Unit's  use of force and tactics are appropriate, to further improve from past events. A report by Amnesty International singled out the Special Tactical Contingent and riot police for "the worst abuses" of excessive force during the 2019-20 protests, noting that "almost every arrested person interviewed described being beaten with batons and fists during the arrest, even when they were not resisting and often already restrained," along with multiple hospitalizations. History. In response to the Occupy Central Movement the police established the Special Tactical Contingent in September 2014. The media reported that the police had not officially named the contingent  commonly known as the Raptors and that instead it was referred to by the police as the Elite Team or Removal Team. On 1 December 2014, the media reported that the contingent had recently been officially named as the Special Tactical Squad by the head of the Police Tactical Unit, however, days later another media outlet reported that this name was used but not official yet. The official English name the Special Tactical Contingent was first used by the police in a police publication in an article in "Offbeat" newspaper in 2016 and was used again the following year in  the 2017 "Police Review" and in proceeding years. Despite the use of the official name from 2016, protesters and the media continued to use the name Special Tactical Squad for the contingent. Structure. The contingent is a small unit with members drawn from several permanent units to perform duties on an ad hoc basis under the command of the Police Tactical Unit. Members are drawn from the Police Tactical Unit (PTU) Headquarters, Counter Terrorism Response Unit, Airport Security Unit, Special Duties Unit and the all-female Tango Coy. Contingent members return to their permanent unit after completing ad hoc tasks . The contingent operates in teams of five members with the team leader either the rank of Sergeant or Inspectorate. Operations. 2014 Hong Kong protests. The name of the police operation for the protests was Operation Solarpeak. 2016 Mong Kok Civil Unrest. On 9 February evening, 2016, in an escalation of the civil unrest, protesters changed their tactics, overwhelming the Hong Kong Police Force, and the Special Tactical Contingent were deployed as a result. They arrived at the intersection of Soy Street and Sai Yeung Choi Street South at 4:30 am, where they quickly cleared protesters. However, after 5 minutes, due  to the lack of reinforcements, they were forced to retreat, with one constable injured. 2016 Anti-Interpretation Protest. Protests were held from 6 to 8 November 2016 during the interpretation of the Basic Law. 2019 anti extradition bill protests. Squads were deployed to disperse the crowds after clashes between the protesters and the police started. During some of the protests in August, protesters threw Molotov cocktails, bricks, metal pipes etc., and the squads deployed tear gas canisters, rubber bullet, beanbag rounds to disperse them. Live-fire weapons were also deployed. Many of the officers were accused for using excessive force  during arrests and while dispersing the protesters. Most notably during the 2019 Prince Edward station attack and the siege of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "Apple Daily" and "New Tang Dynasty Television" reported that SDU operators disguised as protesters provoked fights with protestors in order for them to be arrested. "Newtalk" reported that SDU operators disguised as protestors committed illegal acts such as setting fire on the street as part of a false flag operation. Uniform. Officers initially wore a dark blue PTU uniform. Each officer attached a team call-sign with velcro to the back of their helmet for  example “3-1”. There was no Force requirement for a STC member to attach their service number or rank to their uniform although some officers did. During the 2016 Mong Kok civil unrest, the police found that the PTU uniform was not suitable for the contingent. A new black uniform together with protective armor was sourced from overseas in November 2016 and approved in January 2017. The new uniform was first used in operations on 9 June 2019. There was no requirement to attach their service number to their uniform although some officers attached it. From 28 June 2019, each  officer attached to their helmet, in addition to the team call-sign, a sticker with a letter known as a Alpha ID to identify individual members of the team for example letters “a” to “e” if the team consists of 5 members. The Alpha ID was not unique to the officer and would be returned if an officer was no longer assigned to the STC and reissued to another officer. In November 2020, the High Court found that the failure of the Commissioner of Police to establish and maintain a system to ensure that each police officer could be uniquely  identified and that officers wear and prominently display a unique identification number or mark violated Article 3 of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights. Officers attached a fluorescent stick (including yellow or red colours, depending on their team) to their helmet at night time for easier recognition by a commanding officer.