Barcaldine, Queensland
Barcaldine () is a rural town and locality in the Barcaldine Region in Queensland, Australia. In the , Barcaldine had a population of 1,422 people. This is the administrative centre of the Barcaldine Region. Barcaldine played a major role in the Australian labour movement. Geography. Barcaldine is in Central West Queensland, approximately by road west of the city of Rockhampton, 406 kilometres (251 mi) north of Charleville. The town is situated on Lagoon Creek, which flows into the Alice River approximately five kilometres south of the Barcaldine. Major industries are sheep and beef cattle rearing. The streets in Barcaldine are  named after different types of trees. History. Barcaldine lay on the traditional tribal lands of the Iningai. Iningai (also known as Yiningay, Muttaburra, Tateburra, Yinangay, Yinangi) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Iningai people. The Iningai language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Longreach Region and Barcaldine Region, particularly the towns of Longreach, Barcaldine, Muttaburra and Aramac as well as the properties of Bowen Downs and catchments of Cornish Creek and Alice River. The town takes its name from a sheep station called "Barcaldine Downs", which was established in 1863 by Donald Charles  Cameron, whose family property in Ayrshire, Scotland, which was named for Barcaldine, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Cameron had been a slaveholder in British Guiana. The first lots were sold in 1885 and within a year several buildings were under construction. By the end of 1886 the town had been surveyed. The Central Western railway line to Barcaldine opened on 8 November 1886. Barcaldine Post Office opened on 13 November 1886. The artesian water at Barcaldine is full of minerals. A bore had been constructed in 1887, but was unsuitable for the water needs of the steam locomotives and so the  water was let run to waste. By 1891, a local doctor observed that water contained soda and potash which he believed would have health benefits. In 1907, a swimming pool using the artesian water was built by the Barcaldine Shire Council, along with baths and showers for therapeutic use. Although Barcaldine was being promoted as a spa town into the mid-1930s, interest in "taking the waters" declined after that period as medical opinion became increasingly doubtful of the benefits of mineral waters, favouring drugs and physiotherapy as better treatments. In 1887 a Methodist church was erected in Ash Street, Barcaldine , the first church in the town. The church building had previously been used at a number of railway camps involved in the construction the Central Western railway line. As each new segment of the line was completed, the camp and the church building were relocated to the new railhead. Barcaldine was its final location. In 1893 a new wooden church was erected in Maple Street. The foundation stone for the current brick church was laid on 1 July 1961 by Reverend Joseph Tainton, President of the Queensland Methodist Conference, with the former wooden church beside it becoming the church hall . In 1977 following the amalgamation that created the Uniting Church in Australia, the Barcaldine Methodist Church became the Barcaldine Uniting Church. Barcaldine State School opened on 4 July 1887.In 1892, the local government area of Barcaldine Division was established, by separating it from the Kargoolnah Division which had its headquarters in Blackall. Since then, Barcaldine has been the headquarters of local government in the area, commencing with the Barcaldine Divisional Board, which became the Barcaldine Shire Council in 1903, and then the Barcaldine Regional Council in 2008. The initial local government meetings were held in a building in Oak Street , which burned down in 1896. A shire hall was then constructed in 1898 on the south-east corner of Ash and Beech Streets, which eventually became too small. In February 1912 a new larger shire hall was opened and that building (somewhat modified and extended) is still in use today and is heritage-listed. St Joseph's Catholic Primary School was opened in 1896 by Sisters of Mercy, specifically Sister Mary Muredach McMullen (superior), Sister Mary Catherine Cleary, and Sister Mary Fayne, with the assistance of lay teacher Catherine Lobie. The original building had two storeys with the sisters living  upstairs and the classrooms downstairs. In 1906 a new school building was erected to accommodate the school's 195 students. The current school building opened on 21 October 1962.The Barcaldine War Memorial was unveiled by Queensland Governor, Matthew Nathan, on 21 May 1924. In the 2011 census, the town of Barcaldine had a population of 1,316 people, while the locality had a population of 1,655 people. The current Barcaldine Public Library opened in 2016. At the 2016 census, Barcaldine had a population of 1,422. On 26 May 2019, Barcaldine set a world record for a line of 868 motorhomes, caravans , campervans and fifth wheelers outside the town, beating the previous record of 672 vehicles in Italy in 2003. On 22 November 2019 the Queensland Government decided to amalgamate the localities in the Barcaldine Region, resulting in five expanded localities based on the larger towns: Alpha, Aramac, Barcaldine, Jericho and Muttaburra. Barcaldine was expanded to incorporate Barcaldine Downs, Evora, Grant (all except for the eastern corner), Home Creek, Ingberry (southern part), Moombria, Narbethong (all except for the north-eastern corner), Patrick, Saltern Creek, and Tara Station. Labour movement. Barcaldine played a significant role in the Australian labour movement and the birth  of the Australian Labor Party. In 1891, it was one of the focal points of the 1891 Australian shearers' strike, with the Eureka Flag flying over the strike camp. The landmark Tree of Knowledge, under which the strikers met, stood outside the railway station. In 2006, persons unknown poisoned the tree with the herbicide Roundup, which led to its demise. One of the first May day marches in the world took place during the strike on 1 May 1891 in Barcaldine. The "Sydney Morning Herald" reported that of the 1,340 men that took part, 618 were mounted on horses. Banners  carried included those of the Australian Labor Federation, the Shearers' and Carriers' Unions, and one inscribed 'Young Australia'. The leaders wore blue sashes and the Eureka Flag was carried. The "Labor Bulletin" reported that cheers were given for "the Union", "the Eight-hour day", "the Strike Committee" and "the boys in gaol". It reported the march:The Australian Workers Heritage Centre opened in Barcaldine in 1991 as a museum to pay tribute to Australian workers. Heritage listings. Barcaldine has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Climate. Barcaldine has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen "BSh") characterized by sweltering summers  and warm winters with cool mornings. Rainfall averages around per year, with highest averages as with all of Queensland between December and March, although in some cases like the Mays of 1955, 1977 and 1983, or the Julys of 1950 and 1984, heavy rain has occurred in the “winter” months. Even in wet years rainfall is highly concentrated into a few days from tropical cyclones or monsoonal rain depressions. Rainfall is also like all of central Queensland extremely erratic due to the El Niño Southern Oscillation influence, with annual totals ranging from in 1946 – and as a little as between  November 1901 and October 1902 – to in 2010. Education. Barcaldine Prep-12 State School is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood-12) school for boys and girls at Gidyea Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 284 students with 29 teachers (27 full-time equivalent) and 22 non-teaching staff (16 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program. St Joseph's Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 23 Willow Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 26 students with 5 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 3  non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent). Wanpa-rda Matilda Outback Education Centre is an Outdoor and Environmental Education Centre at the corner of Ash & Willow Streets (). Media. Barcaldine has only one commercial radio station, West FM (Resonate Radio) which transmits on 100.9 FM The Australian Broadcasting Corporation transmits ABC and its sister channels ABC Kids, ABC TV Plus, ABC Me and ABC News through its Relay Station, ABBQ () The Seven Network and its sister channels 7Two, 7Mate and 7Flix transmit to Barcaldine through its regional area affiliate, ITQ The Nine Network and its sister channels 9Gem, 9Go! and 9Rush  transmit to Barcaldine through its regional area affiliate, IMP Network Ten and its sister channels 10 Bold, 10 Peach and 10 Shake transmit to Barcaldine through its regional area affiliate, CDT The Special Broadcasting Service and its sister channels SBS Viceland, SBS World Movies and SBS Food also transmit to Barcaldine. Amenities. Barcaldine has a bowls, tennis clubs, a combined racecourse and showground near the golf course, a historical and folk museum, swimming pool and visitor information centre. Barcaldine Regional Council operates a library at 71 Ash Street. The Barcaldine branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association has its  rooms at 5 Maple Street (corner of Ash Street, ). Barcaldine Uniting Church is at 7-9 Maple Street (). Attractions. The attractions in Barcaldine include: Cultural references. "The Working Man's Paradise: an Australian Labour novel", was written by William Lane under the pseudonym John Miller in 1892, inspired by the events of the 1891 Shearers' Strike in Barcaldine. This story shows a contrast between the 'haves' and the 'have nots' (slum dwellers and the wealthy citizens) and depicts the conflict between the squatters and pastoral workers. The preface of the book states, 'The scene is laid in Sydney because it  is not thought desirable, for various reasons, to aggravate by a local plot the soreness existing in Queensland'. Barcaldine features in "Hail Tomorrow": "a play in four acts", written by Vance Palmer in 1947. The full-length play's conflict centres about the Queensland shearers' strike of 1891.