L'Inferno
L'Inferno is a 1911 Italian silent film, loosely adapted from "Inferno", the first canticle of Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy". "L'Inferno" took over three years to make, and was the first full-length Italian feature film. Plot. Dante is barred from entering the hill of salvation by three beasts that block his path (Avarice, Pride, and Lust). Beatrice descends from above and asks the poet Virgil to guide Dante through the Nine Circles of Hell. Virgil leads Dante to a cave where they find the river Acheron, over which Charon ferries the souls of the dead into Hell. They  also see the three-headed Cerberus and Geryon, a flying serpent with a man's face. They see the Devil eating human beings whole, harpies eating the corpses of suicides, an evil man forced to carry his own severed head for eternity, people half-buried in flaming lava, etc. There follows a series of encounters in which the two meet up with a number of formerly famous historical figures whose souls were denied by both Heaven and Hell, and they listen to some of their tales told in flashback. These characters include Homer, Horace, Ovid, Lucanus, Cleopatra, Dido, the Queen  of Carthage, the traitor Caiphus, Count Ugolino, Peter of Vigna, Francesca Da Rimini and her lover Paulo, Brutus and Cassius, Mohammed, and Helen of Troy. The film's main attraction is the fantastic set designs depicting the horrors of Hell, with excessive violence and gore, designed to frighten the audience into becoming pious or God-fearing. Production. "L'Inferno"'s depictions of Hell closely followed those in the engravings of Gustave Doré for an edition of the "Divine Comedy", which were familiar to an international audience, and employed several special effects. As Dante's "Divine Comedy" places Muhammad in hell, the  film also has a momentary unflattering depiction of Muhammad in its Hell sequence (his chest explodes, exposing his entrails). Nancy Mitford recorded seeing the film in Italy in 1922, referring to it as "Dante". She records that it lasted from 9 until 12:15 including two intermissions. She details many of the deaths and tortures from the film. Her description of the film in her letter home is quoted during the biography "Nancy Mitford" by Harold Acton. The scenes from Hell from the film were reused in an American 1936 exploitation film, "Hell-O-Vision" and the 1944 race film "Go  Down, Death!". Some American state film censor boards required removal of the hell sequences from "L'Inferno" used in "Go Down, Death!", such as one where a woman's bare breast is momentarily seen. Release. "L'Inferno" was first screened in Naples in the Teatro Mercadante on March 10, 1911. An international success, it grossed more than $2 million in the United States, where its length gave theater owners an excuse for raising ticket prices. Home video. For many years, "L'Inferno" was largely unseen and only available in lower quality, incomplete copies. In 2004, a newly restored version of the film , combining British and American prints from the BFI National Archive and the Library of Congress, was released on UK DVD by the Snapper Music label. It was scored by father and son Edgar and Jerome Froese, of the German electronic band Tangerine Dream. The film has English intertitles and subtitles in German, French, Spanish, and Italian. In 2011, "L'Inferno"'s centenary, a brand new and more complete digital restoration by Italy's Cineteca di Bologna was released on their own DVD label. This version has original Italian intertitles, optional English subtitles, and a choice of an electro-acoustic score by  Edison Studio or a composition for piano by Marco Dalpane. It also has many extras, including some restored early Italian shorts and a bilingual paperback book.