Rustication (academia)
Rustication is a term used at Oxford, Cambridge and Durham Universities to mean being suspended or expelled temporarily, or, in more recent times, to leave temporarily for welfare or health reasons. The term derives from the Latin word "rus", countryside, to indicate that a student has been sent back to his or her family in the country, or from medieval Latin "rustici", meaning "heathens or barbarians" ("missus in rusticos", "sent among ..."). Depending on the conditions given, a student who has been rusticated may not be allowed to enter any of the university buildings, or even travel to within  a certain distance of them. The related term "bannimus" implies a permanent, publicly announced expulsion. The term is still used in British public schools (i.e., private schools), and was used in the United States during the 19th century, although it has been superseded by the term "suspension". Use in the United Kingdom. Notable Britons who were rusticated during their time at University have included: Use in the United States. The term was widely used in the United States in the 19th century, and on occasion, later. Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, in "", have a character explain the term: In  a story in the August 1858 "Atlantic Monthly", a character reminisces: Kevin Starr writes of Richard Henry Dana, Jr. that: A biographer refers to one of James Russell Lowell's college letters as "written while he was at Concord because rusticated". In a 1932 letter to "Time", the publisher William Randolph Hearst denied he had been expelled from Harvard College, saying he had instead been "rusticated in  for an excess of political enthusiasm" and had simply never returned. The term is still used occasionally in the United States. For example: "The penalty for plagiarism at Harvard Extension is a  failing grade in the course and rustication from the university for at least one calendar year." At Rice University, rustication is a punishment separate from suspension. Students who have been rusticated are banned from social activities on campus and are only allowed on campus to attend class.