Góra
Góra () is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in western Poland. It is the administrative seat both of Góra County and of the smaller district (gmina) called Gmina Góra. Geography. The town is located within the historic Lower Silesia region, approximately north-west of the regional capital Wrocław. As at 2019, it has a population of 11,797. History. The settlement in the Duchy of Silesia of fragmented Poland was first mentioned as "Gora" in an 1155 deed by Pope Adrian IV conveying the property to the Diocese of Wrocław. The name of the town means "hill" or "mountain" in  Old Polish. In 1256 the bishop of Wrocław Tomasz I gave the village to the Polish knight Gosław. In 1288 it became part of the Duchy of Głogów and was granted Magdeburg town rights by the Piast duke Henry III. In 1300, Henry III sold the local mint to the city council of Góra. Henry III, as well as the succeeding dukes Henry IV the Faithful and Konrad I granted new privileges to the town in 1306 and 1310. From the 14th century onwards, the town developed to a centre of cloth manufacturing, specific privileges were granted to the clothiers  of Góra in 1304. The Germanized name "Guhrau" is first documented in 1336. In 1343, an annual fair was established. Also from that year comes the first mention of the existence of a parish school in Góra. The town remained under the rule of the Polish houses of Piast and Jagiellon as part of the duchies of Głogów, Ścinawa and Cieszyn. until the 16th century. The town, as "Guhrau", was annexed by Prussia upon the First Silesian War in 1742 and from 1816 was the administrative seat of "Landkreis Guhrau" within the Province of Silesia, which from 1871 to 1945  was also part of Germany. In World War II it was occupied by the Red Army during the 1945 Vistula–Oder Offensive. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the town passed to the People's Republic of Poland, while the remaining German population was expelled. The historic name "Góra" was restored and the town was repopulated by Poles, expelled from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. Again a county seat from 1946, from 1975 to 1998 Góra belonged to Leszno Voivodeship. In 1999 Góra's town limits were expanded by including the settlement of as its eastern district. Twin  towns – sister cities. See twin towns of Gmina Góra.