Stanley Salmons
Stanley Salmons (born 1939) is a British academic and scientist. A Professor Emeritus of Medical Cell Biology at Liverpool University, he is known for his pioneering research in the neurology, biochemistry and physiology of skeletal muscle. In 1967 he designed the first implantable neuromuscular stimulator and in 1969 he "was the first to introduce the design of the buckle-type transducer for recording directly in vivo tendon forces in animals." His 1976 work with the implanted electrical "pacemakers" on rabbit muscles (published in "Nature") clarified the relationship between nerve signals and muscle chemistry and established the adaptive nature  of skeletal muscle. Life and career. Salmons was born in Lower Clapton, east London, and was educated at St. Marylebone Grammar School. He was awarded a Royal Scholarship to attend the Imperial College in London, from which he graduated in physics and went on to gain a D.I.C. in Electronics and Communications. Salmons later attended the University College London on a Nuffield Foundation bursary, where he graduated with a master's degree in physiology. He was then appointed to a research fellowship in the Department of Anatomy, University of Birmingham, where he subsequently held a Stothert Research Fellowship of the  Royal Society. He also worked for a time in the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School. He was a senior lecturer when he left Birmingham University for the University of Liverpool, where he was professor of medical cell biology from 1987 until 1996 and is now a professor emeritus. Salmons gave the 1989 Erasmus Wilson Demonstration at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and has also served as Director of the British Heart Foundation Skeletal Muscle Assist Research Group. He is a fellow of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine and of the Anatomical Society and  was a former president of the International Society on Biotelemetry. He helped found the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society and is an honorary member of the board of directors for "Deutsche Gesellschaft für Elektrostimulation und Elektrotherapie". Salmons has written over 200 scientific articles and 12 scientific books, as well as more than 40 short stories and a number of novels. After his retirement from Liverpool University, he has continued to serve as peer-reviewer and sits on the editorial board of the "European Journal of Translational Myology".