Action of 13 November 1943
The action of 13 November 1943 was a submarine engagement of World War II. It resulted in the sinking of the Japanese Navy's Kaidai Junsen Type B1 submarine "I-34" in the Strait of Malacca by the British Royal Navy submarine HMS "Taurus". "I-34" was on a "Yanagi" Mission, an underwater convoy secretly shipping goods between Japan and their German allies. Background. The Japanese submarine "I-34" under commander Irie Tatsushi, departed Kure on the first leg of a "Yanagi" mission to Nazi-occupied France. At the time she was the third Japanese submarine to undertake  such a mission. Code-breakers at Hut 7 in Bletchley Park, however, intercepted and deciphered radio traffic transmitted in diplomatic code concerning "I-34's" mission between Tokyo and Berlin. The message was then relayed to the submarine operating in the area: HMS "Taurus" under the command of Lieutenant Commander Mervyn Wingfield operating from a base in Ceylon. On the morning of 11 November "I-34" departed Seletar for Penang. Before the submarine would have entered the South Atlantic, the Germans had planned to refuel "I-34" in the Indian Ocean from a supply ship. When she departed "I-34" was carrying a cargo  of tin, tungsten, raw rubber and opium. Action. On the morning of 13 November 1943, off Penang the officer of the watch on "Taurus" sighted the large submarine "I-34" running on the surface at fourteen knots despite a rain squall. Wingfield fired a spread of six torpedoes, one of which hit "I-34's" starboard side just below her conning tower; she sank rapidly, along with 84 of her crew. Only fourteen survivors managed to escape the wreck and were rescued by a Malay junk. The following morning, a Japanese subchaser "CH-20" from Penang attacked "Taurus". Due to the shallow water  in the region, when Wingfield tried to evade the attack by diving, "Taurus"' bow became stuck in the soft, muddy seabed. Fortunately, the explosions from a pattern of depth charges dropped over "Taurus" shook her free. Wingfield went to periscope depth, surfaced and engaged CH-20 with his deck gun, severely damaging the subchaser. Thirteen were killed, including the captain, and another seventeen wounded, but before any further action could follow, a Japanese aircraft came into view and forced Wingfield into an emergency dive, which endangered the sub (it had taken on almost a ton of water.) "Taurus", however, escaped with  only minor damage and managed to make it back to her base at Ceylon. Following the loss of "I-34" the Imperial Japanese Navy diverted all Europe-bound submarines away from Penang. "I-34" was the first Japanese submarine to be sunk by a Royal Navy submarine.