Oculoplastics
Oculoplastics, or oculoplastic surgery, includes a wide variety of surgical procedures that deal with the orbit (eye socket), eyelids, tear ducts, and the face. It also deals with the reconstruction of the eye and associated structures. Training. An oculoplastic surgeon is a specialized ophthalmologist who has completed one or two years of additional fellowship training following ophthalmology residency. Members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASOPRS) are the most highly qualified oculoplastic surgeons in North America. To qualify, a member must have passed both the American Board of Ophthalmology certification exams, as well as written  and oral board examinations through ASOPRS. A candidate must also have made a significant contribution to the field of oculoplastics, which may take the form of a peer-reviewed publication. Such other surgeons as plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons may be trained in oculoplastic procedures as well. The total additional training time for an ASOPRS Oculoplastic surgeon is 2 years after a 4 year Ophthalmology residency. The most highly qualified oculoplastic surgeons in the United Kingdom are members of the British Oculoplastic Surgery Society (https://www.bopss.co.uk/). In the UK oculoplastic surgeons will have generally undertaken 8-9 years  of training, including 1-2 years of fellowship in addition to 7 years of registrar work (which typically includes 12-18 months of oculoplastic surgery training). Oculoplastic procedures. Oculoplastic surgeons perform procedures such as the repair of droopy eyelids (blepharoplasty), repair of tear duct obstructions, orbital fracture repairs, removal of tumors in and around the eyes, eyelid and facial reconstruction. Eyelid surgery. Entropion, ectropion, ptosis, and eyelid tumors are commonly treated by various forms of eyelid surgery.