Azhaliism
Azhaliism (), also known ad Dianmi or Baimi, is a Vajrayana Buddhist religion practiced among the Bai people of Yunnan, China. The name comes from lay tantric priests called "azhali" (Sanskrit: "acharyas") who are key figures in the religion, known for their use of spells and mantras. Origin. The tradition was founded by an Indian acharya named Candragupta who traveled to the kingdom of Nanzhao (653–902) from Tibet in 839. It is a hybrid tradition showing Chinese, Tibetan and Burmese influences. This tradition was also the major religion of the Dali Kingdom (937–1253). Deities. Key deities in this tradition include  Mahakala (known locally as 'Black Sky god') and Acuoye Guanyin. The Shibaoshan (Stone Treasure Mountain) grottoes, about north of Shaxi, Yunnan, are examples of the art of this Vajrayana tradition. Modern era. The tradition faced several challenges during Yuan and Qing rule (such as being banned in 1507 and competition from Han Buddhist schools like Chan) but it continues as a living religion today.