Ebola virus disease in the United Kingdom
Cases of Ebola virus disease in the United Kingdom include an aid worker returning from treating victims of the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa who contracted the disease. No domestic transmission of Ebola has occurred in the United Kingdom to date. 1976 needlestick case. On 5 November 1976, Geoffrey Platt, a laboratory technician at the former Microbiological Research Establishment in Porton Down, Wiltshire, contracted Ebola in an accidental needlestick injury from a contaminated needle while handling samples from Africa. He was treated with human interferon and convalescent serum. The course of his  disease was mild and he fully recovered. Medically evacuated cases. The high-level isolation unit at the Royal Free Hospital, in the Hampstead area of London, received its first case on 24 August 2014. William Pooley, a British nurse who contracted the disease while working in Sierra Leone as part of the relief effort for the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, was medically evacuated by the Royal Air Force on a specially-equipped C-17 aircraft. He was released from hospital on 3 September 2014. Pooley delivered the UK's Channel 4 television program "Alternative Christmas message" in 2014. He  was reported to be planning to return to Sierra Leone on 19 October 2014. He also donated blood to support developing a cure for the disease. On 11 March 2015, a UK military worker tested positive for Ebola and was flown home for treatment at Royal Free Hospital in London. On 17 March, it was reported that another UK worker had been sent back to the United Kingdom from Sierra Leone due to fear of having contracted the virus. Corporal Anna Cross, the UK military worker tested positive for Ebola, was the first person in the world to be treated  with the experimental Ebola drug MIL 77 and was released from hospital after making a full recovery. Cross contracted the disease in Sierra Leone while volunteering as a nurse. The doctors treating her at London's Royal Free Hospital confirmed it is too soon to speculate if the drug helped in her recovery. Pauline Cafferkey. 2014 initial illness. On 29 December 2014, Pauline Cafferkey, a Scottish aid worker who had just returned to Glasgow from Sierra Leone via Casablanca Airport and London Heathrow Airport, was diagnosed with Ebola virus disease at Glasgow's Gartnavel General Hospital. She had been working  at an Ebola treatment centre in Kerry Town in Sierra Leone, and it is thought she contracted the virus as a result of wearing a visor instead of goggles. After initial treatment in Glasgow, she was transferred to the specialist high-level isolation unit at the Royal Free Hospital in London for longer-term treatment. Contact tracing was carried out on the other passengers who had traveled on the flight from London to Glasgow with her. In January 2015, she experienced a period of critical illness, and underwent intensive medical treatment. She was eventually declared to be free of infection , and released from hospital. Relapses. In October 2015, Cafferkey was diagnosed with late complications caused by the Ebola virus hitherto considered unusual, and readmitted to the Royal Free Hospital. The virus had remained in her cerebrospinal fluid and was feared to be in her central nervous system. Her doctors stated that she had been critically ill due to neurological complications from meningitis, and that she had been treated using a highly experimental anti-viral agent. On 12 November the Royal Free Hospital said that Cafferkey had made a full recovery and was no longer infectious. In February 2016, Cafferkey was  again readmitted to the Royal Free Hospital due to further complication from her previous infection. Later that month she was declared not to be infectious and discharged. In October 2016, she was again admitted to hospital, and was being monitored by the infectious diseases unit at Glasgow's Queen Elizabeth University Hospital. Tests for the Ebola virus were negative. Subsequent investigations. In 2014, due to the fact that Cafferkey had passed through border controls and travelled on a domestic flight from Heathrow to Glasgow, criticism was levelled at screening protocols at UK points of entry, which mainly consisted of taking  a person's temperature and asking a series of questions. In 2016, proceedings were initiated against Cafferkey by the Nursing and Midwifery Council alleging that she had allowed an incorrect temperature to be recorded during the screening process upon returning to the UK from Sierra Leone in 2014. Following a hearing in September 2016, the charges against her were dismissed after the disciplinary panel was told that she had been impaired by illness at the time. Needlestick incidents. Healthcare workers who sustained needlestick injuries in January 2015 while caring for Ebola patients were put under medical observation, but not found  to have contracted the Ebola virus.