Kawanishi Aircraft Company
History. The company was founded as Kawanishi Engineering Works in 1920 in Hyōgo Prefecture as an outgrowth of the Kawanishi conglomerate, which had been funding the Nakajima Aircraft Company. Kawanishi built its first aircraft, the Kawanishi K-1 Mail-carrying Aircraft in 1921, and set up an airline, "Nippon Koku K.K." (Japan Aviation Co. Ltd) in 1923, designing and building several aircraft for the airline's use. It was forced by the Japanese government to shut down "Nippon Koku" in 1929, however, with its routes being transferred to the government-owned "Nippon Koku Yuso K.K." (Japan Air Transport  Co. Ltd.) Kawanishi then split off the former Kawanishi Engineering Works, forming "Kawanishi Kokuki KK" in 1928, taking all of the Kawanishi Engineering Works' assets. While Kawanishi was best known for its seaplanes, such as the Kawanishi H6K and H8K flying boats, its N1K-J land-based fighter -derived from their Kawanishi N1K1 floatplane fighter- was considered one of the best in the war. After Japan's defeat, the company was reborn as Shin Meiwa Industries (later ShinMaywa), and continued to create flying boats such as the PS-1 and US-2.