Ciauscolo
Ciauscolo (; sometimes also spelled "ciavuscolo" or "ciabuscolo") is a variety of Italian salame, typical of the Marche region (especially in the Province of Macerata), although it is also widely used in nearby Umbria (especially in the territory of Foligno and part of northern Valnerina). Preparation. Ciauscolo is a smoked and dry-cured sausage, made from pork meat and fat cut from the shoulder and belly. It is spiced with black pepper and garlic, and white wine. The meat is finely ground, mixed with the spices and cure, stuffed into wide hog middles, and left for a 12- to 24 -hour drying period. Once the surface has become tacky, the sausage is cold-smoked over juniper branches for two days, then hung to cure. Although it can be aged for a month or more, it is typically eaten after only a brief two weeks. The result is a very soft, moist sausage which can be spread on bread, in a manner similar to some "pâtés". Ciauscolo gained Protected Geographical Indication status in 2009. A variant in some parts of Marche is called "ciauscolo di fegato", "mazzafegato" or "fegatino", in which pork liver is substituted for a certain portion of the  fat. This naturally causes the color of the sausage to become darker, and contributes an intense flavor. In this case, orange zest and fennel fronds or flowers are included in the spices. Etymology. The word "ciauscolo" is related to the local dialectal word "ciausculu", although which one derives from the other remains unclear. A possible origin for "ciauscolo" is the Mediaeval Latin word "cibusculum", meaning "small food".