People's Friendship Arch
The Peoples' Friendship Arch (; colloquial name Yarmo ( (Yoke))) is a monument in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It was opened on 7 November 1982, to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the USSR and the celebration of the 1,500th Anniversary of Kyiv. The sculpture under the arch, which depicted a Ukrainian worker and a Russian worker standing together, was dismantled in April 2022 amidst the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The arch, which was part of the Peoples' Friendship Arch monument, is planned to be renamed and to become a new monument. Description. The Friendship Arch was  constructed in 1982 by sculptor A. Skoblikov and architect I. Ivanov and others. The monument consisted of three sculptural elements: an arch and two statues. The surviving arch is located next to a viewing deck where most of Kyiv's east bank can be viewed, Troieschyna and towards the north of the city, Podil and Obolon. The monument was unveiled by the First Secretary of the Communist Party Volodymyr Shcherbytsky on 7 November 1982, to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the USSR and the celebration of the 1,500th Anniversary of Kyiv. Although the USSR was proclaimed on 30 December 1922 ; 7 November 1982 was the 65th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917. The monument was opened together with the All-Union Lenin Museum (today, Ukrainian House). The arch had the local nickname "yoke" (; "Yarmo"). Location. The whole People's Friendship Arch complex (and its surviving arch) was located on top of the right bank of the Dnieper river overlooking the Park Bridge and the Shore Highway (, "Naberezhne shose"). (Park Bridge is a pedestrian bridge that connects the city with Trukhaniv island.) This location is behind the buildings complex of the National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine in "Khreschatyi" Park () which  at the time of opening was called the Pioneer Park. Dismantling. On 20 May 2016, the Ukrainian government announced plans to dismantle the arch as part of its decommunization laws. In its place, a memorial dedicated to veterans of the War in Donbas was planned. The Director of the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance Volodymyr Viatrovych stated in February 2018, that "a sculptural group" of the monument should be removed according to the decommunization laws. For the Eurovision Song Contest 2017, the arch was temporarily painted as a rainbow and renamed the "Arch of Diversity". It doubled as the symbol  of the Kyiv Pride parade, and was illuminated as a rainbow at night. In 2018, human rights activists put a temporary sticker on the arch that looked like a crack. This was a sign of support for political prisoners who are illegally detained in Russia and annexed Crimea. According to the organizers, the action aims to draw attention to the fate of Ukrainian citizens, as well as to urge everyone to make as much effort as possible to free political prisoners in Russia. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 25 April 2022, mayor of Kyiv, Vitali Klitschko, announced the  dismantling of the sculptural part of the monument as having lost its ideological meaning. The next day, during the dismantling of a bronze sculptural group, the head of a figure symbolizing a Russian fell off. The second sculptural composition made of red granite will be taken apart later. The arch itself is planned to be renamed and highlighted with the color of the Ukrainian flag. Klitschko proposed to the Kyiv City Council to rename the arch of the People's Friendship Arch into the "Arch of Freedom of the Ukrainian People" (). One of the designers of the monument, Serhiy Myrhorodsky , agreed with the dismantling of the monument. The People's Friendship Arch was one of 60 monuments that the Kyiv City Council planned (in April 2022) to remove.