Otechestvennye Zapiski
Otechestvennye Zapiski (, variously translated as "Annals of the Fatherland", "Patriotic Notes", "Notes of the Fatherland", etc.) was a Russian literary magazine published in Saint Petersburg on a monthly basis between 1818 and 1884. The journal served liberal-minded readers known as the "intelligentsia". Such major novels as Ivan Goncharov's "Oblomov" (1859), Fyodor Dostoyevsky's "The Double" (1846) and "The Adolescent" (1875) and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin's "The Golovlyov Family" (1880) made their first appearance in "Otechestvennye Zapiski". Founded by Pavel Svinyin in 1818, the journal was published irregularly until 1820. It was closed down in 1830 but  resurfaced several years later, with Andrey Krayevsky as its publisher. The renovated magazine regularly published articles by Vissarion Belinsky and Alexander Herzen, catering to well-educated liberals. Other notable contributors included: In 1846 Nekrasov persuaded Belinsky and other contributors to leave "Otechestvennye Zapiski" for his own "Sovremennik". As a result, the former declined in circulation and influence. It was overshadowed by the more radical "Sovremennik" for 20 years, until the latter was banned in 1866. In 1868 Nekrasov acquired "Otechestvennye Zapiski" from Krayevsky and started editing it jointly with Saltykov-Shchedrin. After Nekrasov's death Saltykov-Schedrin was its sole  editor-in-chief, radicalizing the journal even further. In the 1870s it was transformed into a mouthpiece of the Narodnik movement. Despite Saltykov's mastery of "Aesopian" language, the tsarist authorities closed "Otechestvennye zapiski" in 1884 as "an organ of the press which not only opens its pages to the spread of dangerous ideas, but even has as its closest collaborators people who belong to secret societies".