Hollywood Women's Political Committee
Hollywood Women's Political Committee was an American political action committee that campaigned for progressive issues. The group was founded by Jane Fonda, Barbra Streisand, and other women in the Greater Los Angeles area. HWPC formed in response to Geraldine Ferraro being selected as the running mate of Walter Mondale to run against President Ronald Reagan in the 1984 United States presidential election. The HWPC helped the Democratic Party wrest majority control in the 1986 U.S. Senate elections, and they helped elect Bill Clinton in the 1992 presidential election. 1992 also saw the HWPC assist  in bringing a record number of women into the U.S. Senate, the accomplishment called the Year of the Woman. Founded by 12 women, the membership grew to several hundred. In 1996 they were described as "the single most-powerful entertainment group" in politics, based on their total donations. The group disbanded in April 1997 after the rise of Clintonism: the centrist compromises made by Bill Clinton, abandoning HWPC and the Left. During its 12 years of operation, HWPC donated a total of $6 million for political causes. Background. Singer/actress Barbra Streisand had long been active in politics, taking  part in 1961's Women Strike for Peace, and helping the George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign by performing at the Four for McGovern concert. Actress/activist Jane Fonda and her husband, activist/politician Tom Hayden, created the Campaign for Economic Democracy (CED) in 1976 to fund Hayden's 1982 run for the California State Senate, and to champion progressive political causes. After Hayden won, CED promoted solar power, opposed nuclear power, and promoted women's rights; all paid for by Fonda's very popular workout book and videos. Foundation. In 1984, President Ronald Reagan, strongly conservative, was running for reelection . In speeches, he referred to Hollywood as "my town" and "my people". A group of liberal women in Hollywood were vexed by Reagan's assumption that Hollywood was conservative, and they discussed ways of promoting the idea that Hollywood was strong in liberal politics. On July 12, 1984, Democratic Party presidential nominee Walter Mondale chose Geraldine Ferraro as his vice presidential running mate; she was the first female vice presidential candidate from a major political party. The Hollywood women were catalyzed into action to support her campaign. They filed papers in August to form the Hollywood Women's Political Committee , raising $750,000 for the Mondale–Ferraro ticket. From 12 original members, the HWPC grew to 70 women in 1987, 140 in 1988, 200 women in 1990 and 300 in 1996. Older members paid $1,500 yearly, while those under 30 paid $500. A majority of the members were younger than 45. Men were not allowed to join but they could attend public meetings. A policy committee of 14 members determined the group agenda. Activist Margery Tabankin ran HWPC; she was later appointed by Streisand as executive director of the Barbra Streisand Foundation, holding both positions. In 1994 when  filmmaker Steven Spielberg appointed Tabankin to his Oskar Schindler Foundation, she stayed with the Streisand Foundation but resigned from the HWPC, handing the reins to Lara Bergthold. Campaigns. After Mondale–Ferraro lost to Reagan–Bush, the HWPC felt that Mondale had not moved far enough to the left, and had failed to engage or excite liberal voters. They decided to declare a strong New Left stance. The HWPC drew up a list of principles in early 1985, determining which political issues were to be the focus. They included abortion rights, nuclear weapons freeze, anti-nuclear power, anti-pollution, and more . Though Fonda was not involved in day-to-day operations, her influence was felt. Bergthold noticed in 1992 when she joined the group that many of the staffers had previous experience working on political campaigns with Fonda and Hayden. And the issues pursued by CED were many of the same confronting HWPC, especially the HWPC policy statement, "We are committed to an economic policy based on every citizen's full participation in our country's economic wealth." HWPC decided to fund six Democratic challengers in the 1986 Senate races, in an effort to take majority control of the Senate. Streisand  and the HWPC held a fund-raising benefit concert at Streisand's Malibu home in September 1986, raising a surprising $1.5 million for the six close races. Five of the six were elected, and with other wins, the Democratic Party became the majority party in Congress, serving as a counterbalance to Reagan's policies. Typically, the HWPC backed the issues more than individual candidates; they were not pragmatic political players who would easily compromise. They wanted hard proof of a politician's commitment to their principles, and they did not accept promises without action. But in 1986 they began  looking at potential Democratic Party presidential candidates to run in 1988, and they narrowed the field to Senator Joe Biden from Delaware, and Senator Gary Hart from Colorado. Hart was briefly the frontrunner but his campaign was sunk by revelations of his womanizing. Biden dropped out after charges of plagiarism in his speeches. The Democratic Convention settled on Michael Dukakis, who lost to George H. W. Bush. In 1992 to help implement the Year of the Woman, HWPC donated almost $200,000 to the campaigns of Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer to assist them in winning the special election and  the regular U.S. Senate election in California, respectively. This was the first time both U.S. senators from one state were women. In July 1992 at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel, the HWPC hosted a fundraising dinner for nine women candidates running for U.S. Senate. Lily Tomlin was master of ceremonies, and Streisand delivered the keynote speech, saying, "It’s time we had a place at the table where the life and death decisions of the country, the world and the planet are made." HWPC co-founder Marilyn Bergman composed a song for the dinner with Marvin Hamlisch; "Common Threads" was  performed by a chorus of HWPC singers, and women from the First African Methodist Episcopal Church. Tomlin joked, "The last time we celebrated the Year of the Woman was 72 years ago when women got the vote. Boy, time sure flies when you’re being oppressed." A total of $375,000 was raised for the nine candidates. In 1994, the HWPC spent $10,000 to oppose two anti-gay bills in other states, Oregon's Ballot Measure 13, and a similar one in Idaho. These efforts were victorious, unlike the funding of Rick Zbur's campaign during the 1996 U.S.  House of Representatives elections in California. Zbur, running as an openly gay man, won his Democratic primary but lost to the Republican incumbent. Bergthold said that HWPC's gay-friendly position on LGBT issues was based on the group's established stance regarding civil rights in general. In January 1996, the HWPC "went cyber" by establishing a webpage, which was unusual for the time. Even so, they still kept their fax machines to pass information to politicians. Breakup. The HWPC suffered a setback in 1994 when years' worth of New Left advances were swept aside in a rightward turn led  by Newt Gingrich's Contract with America. The HWPC raised $4 million for the successful 1996 campaign to reelect President Bill Clinton, but a number of HWPC members were unhappy with his policies. Clinton had just signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, a gesture of mollification to Gingrich and others on the right who were urging welfare reform. The new laws hurt low income women disproportionately, a fact which angered many in the HWPC. In various other ways, Clinton was signaling a further shift to the right which would later be described as Clintonism. The HWPC convened  discussion groups about this problem, and no consensus emerged for a solution. They voted to disband in April 1997, fulfilling contractual obligations through the end of June when they finally closed their doors. During its heyday, HWPC was seen as "the most dominant political force in Hollywood," according to political strategist Andy Spahn. Spahn said the women of the PAC "were certainly a counterforce to the right. They held the candidate's feet to the fire. They provided pressure to keep them on the left."