Utamaro and His Five Women
Utamaro and His Five Women or is a 1946 Japanese film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi. It is based on the novel of the same title by Kanji Kunieda, itself a fictionalized account of the life of printmaker Kitagawa Utamaro. It was Mizoguchi's first film made under the American occupation. Theme. Mizoguchi was fascinated by painting and had trained as a painter as a young man. Kitagawa Utamaro (1756-1806) was 'possibly the greatest of all the portraitists of the floating world' - he painted also idyllic outdoor scenes, Yoshiwara festivals and drinking bouts, bathers and  shell-divers, as well as erotica. The film dramatically presents this sense of range, and openness to life's variety, and contrasts the old official court-approved style of painting, called "kano" with the new, dynamic form of painting known as "ukiyo-e" (literally:paintings of the floating world). Synopsis. The story is set in Edo (now Tōkyō) in Japan. The film starts with a parade of samurai and their concubines (oiran, distinguished by their high shoes) along an avenue of cherry trees. Koide, called Seinosuke by his woman Yukie (Kotaro Bando), an artist/samurai apprenticed to a Kanō master , leaves the parade and visits a print shop where he sees a woodcut print by Utamaro that boasts of "ukiyo-e" 's superiority to the official style. Enraged, he goes to a tea-house to find Tsutaya Jūzaburō, the owner of the print shop, to express his displeasure. Word is leaked to Utamaro to avoid the tea-shop, but instead he goes there directly to investigate. Koide then challenges him to a duel. Utamaro counter-challenges him with a different kind of duel––a painting contest. Utamaro is declared the winner by Koide, who then acknowledges Utamaro's superiority. Koide then  follows Utamaro as a disciple. We then hear that Edo's best tattoo artist lacks the confidence to draw on the back of a famously beautiful courtesan, Orui. Utamaro asks her permission to paint directly onto her back (for the tattoo artist to then tattoo over). She is proud to accept. Shozaburo falls in love with Orui and elopes with her to the countryside, leaving behind his fiancee, Okita. Utamaro goes to a lake-side with his friends and spies Oran, the beautiful daughter of a commoner, amongst a whole group of bathing girls. He takes her to be his  long-term model. Upsetting the magistrates with some of his prints, he is sentenced to be handcuffed for 50 days. Okita tracks them down and brings Shozaburo back to Edo, but later discovers he is still seeing Orui and stabs him in front of her, then kills Orui. Okita then goes to Utamaro's house to await her fate, knowing she will be executed for the crime, but explaining that she had to be true to her own feelings. At the final scene, Utamaro's handcuffs are removed and he instantly returns to drawing. The film ends with a collection  of his most famous prints falling one by one in front of the camera. Production history. "Utamaro and His Five Women" was made during the seven-year Allied occupation of Japan which followed World War II. At the time, film production was overseen by representatives of the Occupation forces, and "Jidaigeki" (period films) like "Utamaro" were rarely made, as they were seen as being inherently nationalistic or militaristic. The film as autobiography. Though "Utamaro and His Five Women" is based on the life of Kitagawa Utamaro, it is frequently seen as being an autobiographical work. In her article on the  film for the Australian film journal "Senses of Cinema", film critic Freda Freiberg writes:"Mizoguchi's regular scriptwriter Yoda, who worked with him (more precisely, "for" him) for 20 years, claimed in his memoirs that in the script for this film he was 'almost unconsciously' drawing a portrait of Mizoguchi through Utamaro. The equation Utamaro=Mizoguchi has been irresistible to most critics as the two artists did have a lot in common. Both of them worked in a popular mass-produced medium operated by businessmen, and chafed under oppressive censorship regimes; both frequented the pleasure quarters and sought the company  of geishas; but, most significantly, they both achieved fame for their portraits of women. In a highly charged scene in this film, Utamaro paints, directly on the back of a beautiful courtesan, a sketch that is later tattooed into her skin. One could say that this creative act (and the passion the artist displays in executing it) literalises the fact that both artists achieved fame on the backs of women – relying on them to arouse and express themselves, emotionally and aesthetically."