Mundham
Mundham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It has a rich history, spanning back over a millennia and a half, and can trace its roots to mid Anglo Saxon England, as well as the fact many Roman Artifacts have been found nearby. It covers an area of . In 2001, the population was 168 in 63 households, and grew to 177 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of South Norfolk. Location. Mundham is located 11 miles SE of Norwich. In the center of Mundham, one  of the tributaries of the River Chet has its source, and in the north, Mundham borders onto the Chet itself, In the west, Mundham borders with Seething, a larger Village, while in the north east, Mundham reaches Sisland, a significantly smaller Village. In the south east the far extents of the nearby Town of Loddon reach. In the south Mundham borders Thwaite, in the south west Mundham shares a border with Hedenham and finally in the north, Mundham borders the village of Bergh Apton. The Village sign is located near St. Peter's Church, and depicts a series of houses  in the foreground, with a church and large tree in the background, the supports are carved into stems of wheat, with a small mouse, and a poppy hidden in them. In late 2021 the Mundham lettering was repainted white. River Chet. The River Chet is a small river in South Norfolk, England, a tributary of the River Yare. It rises in Poringland and flows eastwards through Alpington, Bergh Apton, Thurton and Loddon. At Loddon it passes under the A146 through Loddon Mill and into Loddon Staithe. From this point onwards the river is navigable. It then passes Hardley Flood to  the north, a nature reserve part-managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust. The river finally joins the River Yare one mile west of Reedham at Hardley Cross, erected in 1676, which marks the ancient boundary between the City of Norwich and the Borough of Great Yarmouth. The total navigable length is some 3½ miles. Fishing is permitted between Loddon and Hardley Cross, bream and roach being the most common catch. Geography. Mundham has a temperate maritime climate, like much of the British Isles, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year . Mundham's topography is marked by its river meadow and flat, low-lying agricultural landscape, much like the rest of East Anglia. The parish has an area of . The geology mostly consists of Cainozoic Sedimentary rock, with a layer of boulder clay and sand laid down in the last ice age. Mundham Magna is built on slightly acid loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage, and low carbon, the farmed land is drained and therefore vulnerable to pollution run-off and rapid through-flow to streams; surface capping can trigger erosion of fine sediment. The cropping of Mundham Magna is  reasonably flexible but more suited to autumn sown crops and grassland; soil conditions may limit safe groundwork and grazing, particularly in spring, but is relatively fertile, more so than Mundham Parva. Mundham Parva is built on slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage, and low carbon. Main risks are associated with overland flow from compacted or poached fields. Organic slurry, dirty water, fertiliser, pathogens and fine sediment can all move in suspension or solution with overland flow or drain water. Mundham Parva is mostly suited to grass production for dairying or  beef; some cereal production often for feed. Timeliness of stocking and fieldwork is important, and wet ground conditions should be avoided at the beginning and end of the growing season to avoid damage to soil structure. Land is tile drained and periodic moling or subsoiling will assist drainage. History of Mundham. Pre-Mundham History. Prior to the creation of Mundham as we know it today, some Romans had been located in Mundham, as a relatively large amount, for such a small area, of Roman coinage, as well as some Roman pottery, has been found in the field directly across the  road from St. Peter's Church, whatever was there, it was there for long enough to leave a trace of itself. It has been estimated to have existed between 43 AD and 73 AD as having left no foundations suggests a Military camp of some type. Once every few years there is an archeological dig on the site, known locally as "The Big Dig". Summary of Mundham. Mundham was created pre-7th century, and St. Peters Church and the original Mundham Manor were built between then and 1086, when Mundham appears in the Doomsday book. In the 12th/13th Century, Mundham was  split into Mundham Magna and Munham Parva, and St. Ethelbert's was built for use by Parva, until 1454, when Mundham re-unified, despite this St. Ethelbert's stayed open until 1749. In the 15th Century the current iteration of St. Peter's was built. Throughout the 19th century, the major landowners of Mundham were usually the owner of Mundham house, built prior to 1845, and the lord of the manor in Dickeburgh-Manclere. Origins. Originally, the land of Mundham was a small farming settlement, built on the sandy soil of the river Chet, in the kingdom of East Anglia . The name originates from the pre-7th century anglo saxon name and also suffix -Munda, meaning protector, denoting either a notable resident, or dedicating it a local lord, and the Saxon suffix of -ham or -hamm, means land hemmed in by water, marsh or high land; a river-meadow; a cultivated plot or the edge of woodland or moor, and was created prior to the 7th century A.D., as although the first mention of Mundham and St. Peter's Church is in the original Doomsday book, the name is far older. It is listed as: <poem> "Mundaham / Mundhala: King 's land, in the custody of Godric; also in the charge of William de Noyers; Thorold, Ulfketel and Robert de Vaux from Roger Bigot; Jocelyn from St. Edmund's; Nigel and Ansger from Robert FitzCorbucion; Isaac; Roger FitzRainard; Ralph FitzHagni. ½ church. Horse at the hall." </poem> This is also the first mention of the original Mundham house and St Peter's Church. 11th Century to 18th Century. St Peter's Church is easily the oldest building in Mundham, due to having Anglo Saxon foundations, and a beautiful example of a carved Norman doorway. The main body of  the church dates from the 15th century, with the bell tower containing the remains of a relatively plain Norman font, however it is unmistakably Norman. Some time in the 12th/13th Century, Mundham was split into Mundham Magna and Mundham Parva (Greater and Lesser Mundham respectively), roughly halfway along Thwaite Road. The split was marked by the building of a second church, St Ethelbert's, for use by Mundham Parva (despite actually being located in Mundham Magna). St Ethelbert's was not well recorded until well into the 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until 1454, when Mundham, as  well as the two churches, were reunited, although St. Ethelbert's continued to operate until its closure in 1749, marking the start of Mundham's recorded decline, after which, lands began to be given to other villages, although Mundham was certainly a successful farming settlement prior to this. The St. Peter's church register dates from 1559, and shortly after, in 1563, the churches of Mundham and Seething were merged, forming a benefice, before being fully joined, by order of the council, in 1881. Although as of now, Mundham Parva is larger, originally it was the smaller of the pair , due to a large amount of the land of Magna being added to Seething and Sisland. 19th Century to Present. The 19th Century was a busy one for Mundham, the population grew, a large number of houses were built, the church was restored and the vestry and northern aisle were added to it, along with a new faux-Romanesque font was added, as Mundham's population increased sharply, and although a large number of these were people moving in, there was a still a large influx of children which had to be baptised properly. In 1845, Mundham had a population  of 308 people, and 69 houses, although by 1854, Mundham had a population of 293 people, and 70 houses, and consisted of , which was worth £2316 (£287,980.90 in 2020), and the major landowners were G.S. Kett, who was lord of the manor in Dickeburgh-Manclere, Jonathan Farrow, esquire, the owner and builder of Mundham House, and Edward Clarke, esquire. As well as that, the priest of St. Peters was one J. T. Burt, It was described as a pleasant village, with a rectorial manor belonging with a large area of land and the advowson to the trustees of  the Great Hospital, Norwich. The Mundham Poor lands are also mentioned as 3a.2r.16p., with a rent of 30 shillings per year, 20 shillings (of land?) left by Thomas Spooner in 1680, and 10s. (of land?) left by an unknown donor. The land-owning inhabitants of Mundham are listed in the directory, Jonathan Farrow of Mundham house; William Flaxman was the village blacksmith and vict.., who was situated in the Garden House; Henry King and William Smith were both shopkeepers; and Uriah Tibberman lived in Mundham Mill, as a corn miller, finally, Mr Jph. Tillet; Jno. Branch; Edward Broughton; Fred Crane ; Richard Fairhead; Michael Roberts and Thos. Tillet, were all farmers. In 1879, J.T. Burt left his residency as the vicar of Mundham, and Charles Hocking Hicks took his place, a post he held for the next 39 years. By 1881, Mundham had grown to , and with a population of 295 people and 62 houses, this is the largest population in the recorded history of Mundham since 1841. The land had a collected value of £2636 (worth £327,771.01 in 2020), the majority of which was owned by Henry Charles Manners-Sutton, 4th Viscount Canterbury, who lived, at the time , in Dickeburgh-Manclere. By 1890, the only aspect of Mundham which had changed was the land ownership, the major owner was by then, Mr Hy. E. Garrod, however, Edward Clarke and his son, Henry, still held large estates here, as well as that, Jonathan Farrow no longer lived in Mundham House, Arthur Ernest Powell, esq, had moved in. Mundham was now officially situated in the Brooke polling district. The White's list for 1890 includes a directory of landowners, excluding all previously mentioned: The farmers were Richard Alexander, John Balls, Thos. Beverly, Alfred Button, Alfred Gilbert, Humphrey Hubert Gilbert and  Mrs Ellen Tillet. George Flaxman, William Flaxman's son, was now the village blacksmith; Johnson Goff, miller and farmer; James Harrod, grocer and draper; George Warman, market gardener, fruit dealer, and vict. Garden. Prior to 1845, the second Mundham house was constructed by Jonathan Farrow, esq, built as a typical large house of the era, it possesses many interesting neoclassical features. Finally, Thwaite was added to the benefice, and then in 1983 they were combined with the parishes of Brooke and Kirstead, forming the Modern Brooke Benefice. Historical or Notable Buildings. Mundham Magna. The area of Mundham Magna is now  smaller but denser, although originally was the larger, northern area of Mundham until the reunification in 1454. St Peter's Church, the ruins of St Ethelbert's Church, Mundham house, and the site of the original manor, are situated within Mundham Magna. St Peter's Church. These days, St. Peter's Church is an Anglican church, however it was originally Catholic, as there has been a St Peter's Church on this site, in the extreme west of Mundham, for over a millennium, and it was first listed in the Domesday book, although the foundations of the church are Saxon  so it was built anywhere from the 7th to the early 11th century, originally, it would have been the private chapel of Mundham Manor, as the concept of the parish church arrived with the Normans, in the late 11th century. Exterior. The main church is a 15th century flint building, although it still retains its Saxon foundations. The Church is most remarkable for its Norman south doorway, which is all that remains of its Norman iteration, with three exquisitely carved members, a festival of scrolls, leaves, zigzags and rolls, and is thought to have been carved by the same master  mason as both Ashby St Mary's St Mary, and Heckingham's St. Gregory. The 15th century main body of the Church is built of flint and stone, with a three staged 15th century tower with string courses and crocheted pinnacles, as well as a battlemented parapet, turreted corners and gargoyles on each corner of the final stage with pipes to throw rainwater clear of the walls. The arcading of flint on the battlements has the remains of the lettering "SCS PERCRUS". The roof consists of red pantiles on the nave and slates on the chancel, although it was originally  thatched. Interior. Inside St. Peter's, the nave is long and narrow, and was constructed with using a very rare, early example of Scissor beams. Directly across from the entrance is another, plainer, Norman doorway, which was once the North entrance, but now leads to a vestry, which was built in 1887 for Queen Victoria's golden jubilee with its own fireplace. This was built at a similar time as the Northern aisle, added in 1863, providing a much needed, 50 additional seats, as well as that, it also holds the church's small, Victorian Organ, which is the work  of William Hill, one the most highly reputed Organ builders of the 19th century, and uniquely for such a small instrument, it has two full-sized keyboards and a full pedal board. On the East wall is a brass rubbing of the memorial to William Harborne, the first English Ambassador to Constantinople. There are two Tudor South windows in the Nave, and on the outside of the church they have carved heads on the window frame. The beautifully carved wooden Rood Screen, used to separate the people's church from the Chancel, has carved children's heads, and was once  painted, this and the Poppy heads on the ends of the Pews are both 15th century carving, the last three of which on the north side are inscribed with the word 'singers'. On the right of the Rood screen is where the pulpit was, before it was removed in 1962 for safety reasons. There is a hourglass holder on the south side of the screen, this was used to time the priests' sermons, and nearby a recess shows the way up to where the Rood loft once was. The 15th century wall plate was once red and white, but has  since lost its colour. The Church font, in the Bell tower, is a recent Victorian addition of 1877, but the remains of the original Norman, 13th century, Purbeck Marble font is kept in the corner of the tower, and it is also depicted in a Cotman engraving near the door, as the original font was lost for many years until it was eventually found in a pond in the Otleys (now called Rysa Lodge), likely due to it being used as a feeding trough. As well as the fonts, a Tudor fireplace/wafer oven, one of half a dozen left  in Norfolk, and a Consecration cross in a southern tower recess were discovered in the 1930s, opposite which are recesses for banners. The walls of the 15th century main building are painted with saints and other Catholic imagery, unfortunately these were painted over during the English Reformation, all that has been recovered is on North wall of the nave are the remains of the wall painting depicting St. Christopher, although a large part is covered by a memorial to one Robert Grimer, placed long after the fact in 1797, however, the floral border still survives, as well as a scroll , whose inscription is likely an invitation to say a prayer before the image. The Reredos and communion table were carved in September 1908 by Mrs Hicks, wife of Charles Hocking Hicks, and dedicated by one Dean LeFroy. There are three bells in the bell chamber; one of the smallest is the Sanctus bell, a very rare "narrow waisted" design, which was removed from St. Ethelbert's church in Mundham Parva when it was dissolved in 1749, and fell into decay. The other two bells are both Angelus bells bells, but in Mundham they are known as 'the Gabriel bells'. The  church contains a rare example of the Royal Arms for George II, dated 1743, and just inside the door on the right is the Holy Water Stoup. The Chancel contains three simple windows, and these have the names of the glaziers scratched on the glass. The only stained glass in the church is the cartouche of St. Peter's Keys in the east window, at the far end of the church, which was added in 1953 for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. The east end of the church, the Chancel, is raised to honour the altar, this, however, makes  the 15th century Piscina (which is contained in a canopied recess) and Sedilia relatively low. As well as those, the credence shelf is mediaeval, and it is very rare, due to the fact that it has notches that hold the chalice upside-down while it drains. Some of the newest additions to the church are; in 1911, brick steps were added; and in 1968, the ancient building was finally installed with electric lighting and heating. Location Loddon Rd, Norwich NR14 6EH Coordinates: 52.530433, 1.426363 Memorials and Notable People. As is typical of such an ancient church, St. Peters Church contains  many internal burials and memorials of those who have contributed to the church, the village, and the country as a whole. Henry Arborn. The oldest memorial in the building, this metal floor plaque dates from 1538, and is situated at the head of the Chancel. It is written in a medieval cursive style, and is very difficult to read. The entire plaque is transcribed below. <poem> "Of your charitie pray for the soule of Henry Arborn whois bodie lieth buried under this ston @ died in the XXIX yeir of our sovreign lord kyng Henry the VIII on whose  soule Jesu have mercy amen." </poem> The symbols shown above represent the symbols on the inscription. This is one of the last examples of the use of prayer clauses in a memorial inscription in Norfolk, for shortly after this prayers for the dead were outlawed. However, this owner of this plaque, Henry Arborn, is related to another resident of Mundham, William Harborne, for having gained a H and E in 80 years was not so unusual at the time, and as Henry was dead by the time William was born, Henry Arborn must be William Harborne's Grandfather . William Harborne. William Harborne is one of the most notable and historically significant residents of Mundham. He acted as the first English ambassador to Constantinople for Elizabeth I until August 1588, leaving it as one of the most powerful positions in the English foreign service, when he retired to, and later died in Mundham, due to the fact that his grandfather, Henry Arborn, had lived and died here. He rests underneath his floor plaque to this day. The plaque reads: <poem> "Behold a dead mans howse who full of dayes, retirde here from the world desert and praise  should sitt uppon in vertuous strife, this to instruct and that to wright his life. Heires spare your cost, he needs no tombe in death, who Embassagde for Queene Elizabeth, his next will be when at the generall dome God sends his soule to fetch his bodye home" </poem> Harborne played a key role in preventing the Ottoman Empire from supporting Catholic Spain in the war with Protestant England that was taking place at the time. Harborne was able to persuade the Porte that Spain was a threat to peace for all of Europe. Although he was unable  to obtain a military alliance with the Ottomans, the Spanish-Ottoman protocol was not renewed in 1587. The Elizabethan Treaty was renewed and would survive for 343 years between England and Turkey. The Turkish powers were furious; and the Englishman was threatened to be evicted several times by the French. The Randall family. The next memorial chronologically, Elizabeth Randall was the Granddaughter of William Harborne, esquire, and Elizabeth Harborne (née Drury), the daughter of Gregory Randall and Elizabeth Randall (née Harborne). She was born in 1629 and died in January 1652 at the age of 23. Her memorial reads: < poem> "Elizabethae filia unica Gregorij Randall Generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi Harborne armigeri hic sepultae fuit hense Jan anno 1652, aetatis suae 23" </poem> <poem> "Elizabeth, the only daughter of Gregory Randall, noble and Elizabeth, his wife, one of the daughters of William Harborne, esquire, was buried here Jan. 1652, at the age of 23" </poem> After her death, the brother or son of Gregory Randall, William Randall lost four daughters at birth in August of 1671. Their memorial reads: <poem> "Quatuor infantes filiolae gulielmi randall generosi & Elizabethae uxoris  ejus unius filiarum gulielmi cookrade brooke barronetti sunt hic sepultae, in quarum memoriam hunc lapidem posvit earum pater hense augusti 1671" </poem> <poem> "Four infant daughters of William Randall, noble, and Elizabeth his wife, one of the daughters of William Cooke, barronet of brooke, are buried here, in memory of which their father laid this stone in August 1671" </poem> If he is Gregory's son, he would have been 17 or younger, his wife was another Elizabeth Randall (née Cooke), whose father was William Cooke, first Baronet of Broome hall. William Cooke had  a son, William, who became the second and final Baronet of Broome hall. For this family tree, maiden names will be used. The Grimer family. The Grimers were, in their time, one of the major land owners of Mundham. The first record of one of the Grimers living in Mundham, is that of Robert Greymer born in 1523, his son, William Grymer, born 1545, had 3 children, Ann, Prudence and Robert. Robert Grymer has only the date 1598 associated with him, and a son William Grymer. William later married one Elizabeth Thrower, having two children, Ann, born 1601, and Robert , born 1608, before Elizabeth died in 1621 and he died in 1634. Robert Grimer married Ann Neale on 11/05/1634, and had seven children together, Robert 1637 – 1680, Ann born 1639, Elizabeth 1642 – 1702, William and John born 1644, Thomas born 1647 and Edward born 1652. Their son William Grimer 1644 – 1702 is listed as “of Mundham, Yeoman”. He married an Elizabeth Reeve in Mundham in 1671 and had two children, John born 1677, who died on February 27, 1750, at the age of 73, and Robert born 1690, Elizabeth died in 1735. William's son Robert Grimer, 1690 – 1759 is  recorded as “of Mundham, Gent”. He married Hannah Wrench in 1721 and they had two daughters, Hannah born in 1723 and Elizabeth born in 1734. Their mother Hannah died in 1725 and Robert then married a Mary Clarke by whom they had a son Robert 1740 – 1795. There are floor inscriptions present in St Peters Church, honouring both wives, Hannah and Mary, his daughter Hannah and his brother John. The inscriptions also show a 'self assigned' coat of arms with three golden eagles on a green shield. The entry for Robert 1740 – 1795 is listed as “of Mundham, Gent”. He  married Hannah Mickelburgh, in 1767 at St Margaret and St Remigius Church, Seething. Their children are listed as Mary born 1767, Robert born 1772, Hannah born 1769 and Elizabeth born 1771. Their father Robert and mother Hannah have a wall mounted memorial in St Peters Church. For ease of reading, in this family tree, names which appear multiple times will be numbered. The War Memorial. In St. Peter's Church, on the south wall of the aisle, is the World War One war memorial, carved into Italian marble, it is a fitting memory to those who lost their lives fighting  for their country. The list of the dead goes as follows: <poem> "Their Name Liveth for Evermore" </poem> Charles Hocking Hicks. Rev. Charles Hicks was vicar of Mundham and Seething from 1879 to 1918, and was named "Honorary Chaplain to the Royal National Mission to the Deep Sea Fishermen". He died on November 18, 1930. During his long stay as vicar, Rev. Hicks oversaw the church undergo many changes, such as the addition of brick steps in 1911 and the new Reredos and Communion table in 1908, carved by his wife. George Eardley Todd. George Todd  was the churchwarden of St. Peter's Church from 1923 to 1939, before he left for military service in World War Two, never to return to the position, he died in 1970, and is buried in St. Peters graveyard. He held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army, making him both the only known officer and the highest ranked military personnel to ever reside in Mundham. St Ethelbert's Church. St. Ethelbert's Church was an Anglican church, which was built for the purpose of being used by the newly created Mundham Parva during the split of Mundham  in the 12/13th century, and although Mundham reunified in 1454, St. Ethelbert's was not made redundant until 1749, almost 300 years later. St Ethelbert's was not well recorded until well into the 13th century, and its rectors date from 1305 until 1454, when it closed. It is found near the centre of Mundham, the ruins of St Ethelbert's are hidden by a little wooded copse, and due to this, in summer, it is virtually impossible to find the ruin. If searching, you will find the ground falls suddenly away, forming the edge of the former graveyard, then  there are three pillars of flint and stone topped by shaggy outcrops of elder, Two form the east wall either side of a window, while the third formed part of the north wall. There are surviving blocks of stone in the former east window outline, and a putlog hole to the right of it. For a building of which virtually nothing now survives, St Ethelbert has a relatively recent redundancy date, the fast decimation of the chapel is mostly credited to looting, this is seen, as many local buildings possess stone and window frames very typical of a chapel of  that era. Well into the 19th century it was possible for antiquarians to date it as a 13th century building. Location Loddon Rd, Norwich NR14 6EJ Coordinates: 52.527897, 1.436276 Mundham House. Mundham House is a grade II listed, late 18th century brick house with neoclassical features, of which the first mention is on the Faden's map from 1797, and was built by Jonathan Farrow. The house was extended and altered in the 19th and 20th centuries. The house has sash windows, with gauged and rubbed brick arches; a central pedimented door; a peacock tail fanlight and an elaborately tiled  exterior lavatory dating to c.1880. The stables also date to the 18th or early 19th century and has lunette windows. It also appeared in White's 1854 - 1890, under the ownership of Jonathan Farrow, esq, and later one Arthur Ernest Powell, esq. Until roughly World War II an annual Fête was held on the grounds of the estate, as well as that, instead of plain lawn, the land of Mundham House was home to a large Apple Orchard until the late 50's and early 60's, when it was removed. Location Thwaite Rd, Norwich NR14 6FD Coordinates: 52.526019, 1.440007  The Original Mundham Manor. South east of St. Peter's Church is the site of the original, Mundham Manor house, which was built before the Norman conquest of England, during Anglo Saxon England, as St. Peter's Church was constructed to be its private chapel. Nothing remains of the main building, however the most recent form of the stables have been converted into a private residence, and the house's foundations have been discovered in the garden. The last iteration of the house burned down, and the remains were demolished soon after. Mundham Mill. Mundham Mill was located at the  top of Mundham Common, to which it lends the current house its name. Like many sites in Mundham, the mill first verifiably appears in the 1797 Faden's map of Mundham, although one is thought to have been on the site since Medieval times. In 1819, the mill was under the ownership of one Mr. William Brown of Sizeland, when, on the 30th July, two children, Amelia and Robert Pitcher, aged 3½ and 4¾ respectively, were killed when hit with the mill sails, and two days later, on August 1, they were buried in St. Peters Churchyard. The press story  reads: <poem> "At Mundham mill, belonging to Mr. W. Brown of Sizeland, two children one aged three, other five playing in yard when sails knocked down girl. Boy ran to her assistance also struck by sails and killed. Girl died soon afterwards. Essex Herald - 10th August 1819" </poem> The mill reappears in both the Bryants map in 1826, and the Greenwoods map in 1834. From 1845 to 1852, the Mill was owned by William Beverly, (born 1800) and in the 1851 census, he lived in the mill house with his family, his wife Mary Ann Beverly , (born 1809) and his 5 children; Mary Ann Beverly (born 1835), William Beverly, scholar, (born 1838), Michael Beverly, scholar (born 1840), Emma Beverly, scholar (born 1843), and Margrett Beverly, scholar (born 1848). He is also listed as employing one man. Unfortunately, by 1852, William Beverly was declared insolvent, having owned the mill for seven years, and the mill came under the ownership of a G.S Kett. In April, Beverly's estate was assigned to trust for the benefit of creditors, and in June the mill was auctioned off. By 1854 the mill had come under the ownership of one Uriah  Tibbenham, who ran the mill from 1864 to 1872, a span of eight years. The next recorded mention of the Mill is in 1875, under the tenancy of Johnson Goff, but by May 1880, the mill was advertised to be let, although in 1883 he was still the tenant miller there. At the same time, the previously wind powered mill was changed to a wind and steam method. Johnson continued to run the mill, until 20 July 1901, when the mill was put up for auction and bought by him, finally bringing the mill under his ownership, which he continued  to run and own until 1908, having done so for the span of 33 years. In 1908, mill was bought by Ezra Upton, who ran the mill, adding an oil engine in 1916, until its demolition in 1936/7, and by 1937 only the broken wall of the roundhouse remained. Behind the modern house and the windmill site is the site of the old miller's house, which, up until the 1940's/50's, was a sweet shop, one of the few businesses situated in Mundham during the 20th century, during or after the second world war, a Mrs Batchlor moved in , and to protest the removal of many old trees, she planted one of her own in the 1950/60s, whose imposing bulk looks over the road to this day. She died in 1970. Mundham Parva. The area of Mundham Parva is now larger but sparser, although originally was the smaller, southern area of Mundham until the reunification in 1454. Of historical significance, it only contains a large farmhouse, the majority of "Seething" airfield and the entirety of "Seething" observatory. Seething Airfield. Contrary to its name, none of "Seething" Airfield is located inside Seething anymore, the name is due to the fact  that originally the airfield extended further south and west, and its close proximity to the Mundham-Seething border, and Seething's larger population, and less sparse nature. Constructed in 1942, for use as an American airbase for the Second World War, the Airfield was originally known as RAF Seething, and found itself host to the 448th Bomb Group, a part of the 2nd Air Division of the 8th American Air Force, and constructed as a base for Liberator bombers. Other Buildings of Interest. Listed Buildings. Within Mundham, there are thirteen listed buildings, twelve Grade II listed sites, and one Grade  I, that being St. Peter's Church. Mundham Magna Mundham Parva The Garden House. Another business situated in Mundham was the public house called "The Garden House", the first recorded mention of which is on a map from 1797, and again in 1854, when it was the site of a blacksmithery owned by William Flaxman, but for most of the 20th century it acted as the local pub until its closure in the 1990s. The Old School. One of the other interesting sites in Mundham, is that of an old school girls finishing school, located on Mundham lane. The Three  Chapels. In the mid 19th Century, two chapels were founded on the same site, one Primitive Methodist in 1833, and one Baptist in 1849, whether or not these chapels overlap in their occupancy is unknown. In 1893, the third chapel was founded as a Wesleyan Methodist church, which later became Methodist in 1932 due to the Methodist unification, before closing in 1980, after 87 years. The building was constructed by Arthur E. Powell, who lived in Mundham House at the time, as designated by a stone plaque on the building. The Pit. One of the two pieces of Common land  located within Mundham is "The Pit", a very steep wooded area, which was originally a sand pit, from which sand was taken, presumably for use in concrete, hence the name. It backs onto the area of Mundham Mill, and covers an area of . Public services. Policing in Mundham is provided by Norfolk Constabulary, Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service, of which the nearest station is in Loddon. The nearest NHS hospital is Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital in Norwich, administered by Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Ambulance services  are provided by East of England Ambulance Service. Waste management is co-ordinated by South Norfolk Council. Locally produced inert waste for disposal is processed into fuel for use in combined heat and power facilities in Europe. Mundham's distribution network operator for electricity is UK Power Networks;. Drinking water and waste water are managed by Anglian Water. Governance. Mundham has a Parish council responsible for local matters laid down by law, including a role in local planning. It consists of 5 councillors, and a clerk, with the elections taking place every four years, however due to the nature of  elections, one has not taken place in a long time, as for one to occur needs ten potential candidates, and the small population of Mundham means there have never been that many candidates.