Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium
The Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium (, sometimes referred to as ) is the independent learned society of science and arts of the French Community of Belgium. One of Belgium's numerous academies, it is the French-speaking counterpart of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts. In 2001 both academies founded a joint association for the purpose of promoting science and arts on an international level: The Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium (RASAB). All three institutions are located  in the same building, the Academy Palace in Brussels. History. A preexisting literary society was founded in 1769 under the auspices of Karl von Cobenzl, plenipotentiary of the Austrian Netherlands under Empress Maria Theresa (hence its nickname ""). In 1772 Cobenzl's successor Georg Adam, Prince of Starhemberg continued the efforts of his predecessor by expanding the society to a scientific academy. This academy was granted the right to bear the title of "Imperial and Royal Academy of Science and Letters of Brussels" by Empress Letters Patent dated 16 December 1772. The sovereign instructed the academics to animate the intellectual life  of the country and to stimulate and coordinate scientific research in a wide variety of fields. This institution did not survive the occupation by the French of the Austrian Netherlands, and the academy held its last plenary session on 21 May 1794. William I, king of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1815, reinstituted the academy by Royal Decree of 17 May 1816 on the title of Royal Academy of Sciences and Letters (). Work was restarted with 8 remaining academics associated with other Dutch and Belgian fellow-members. Its legal personality is recognised by the law of 2 August  1924. Belgian Academy. After the 1830 Belgian Revolution, the Academy found its permanent place in the social order and on 1 December 1845 Leopold I of Belgium named it . He set up three classes: science, letters and fine arts, each with 30 members of Belgian nationality. Confirm Art. 2 the King is Royal Patron, and bestows membership. In 1938, the was created as an independent solely Dutch-speaking Flemish academy while the Royal Academy of Belgium remained a bilingual institution hosting members both from the north and from the south of the country. The bilingual status of the Royal Academy  however caused difficulties over the course of the years, which ultimately were resolved in 1971 by splitting the academy into two independent monolingual entities. The law of 1 July 1971 put both academies in linguistic equality: henceforth their own lingua franca is used (respectively the French and the Dutch) and they bear the same denomination. In 1999 the Dutch-speaking academy changed its name to "Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts" (). Organization and members. The academy is divided into four major classes and assemblies are held monthly: Each class is composed of 50 members and 50  foreign members. Location. The Academy is headquartered in the Academy Palace ("Paleis der Academiën" (Dutch) / "Palais des Académies" (French)), which is on "Hertogsstraat" (Dutch) / "Rue Ducale" (French) in Brussels. By a royal decree of 30 April 1876, the Palace was put at the disposition of the two existing Belgian academies, the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium and the Académie royale de Médecine de Belgique () founded in 1841. Three further academies came to share the space: the Académie royale de Langue et de Littérature françaises (), founded in 1920 by Jules Destrée; in 1938 the "Koninklijke Vlaamse  Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van België" as independent Dutch-language academy (now the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts) and the Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België () (Dutch counterpart of "Académie royale de Médecine de Belgique" in French i.e. Royal Society of Medicine of Belgium) also founded in 1938. Permanent secretaries. The lead director is a permanent secretary (). Since November 2007, the secretary is Hervé Hasquin. Prizes and awards. Many scientific and art prizes () are awarded each year in different kinds of subjects. RASAB membership. Since its foundation in 2001 the Royal Academy  of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium has been a member of RASAB (the Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium) – along with its Dutch-speaking sister-academy KVAB – in order to coordinate and promote the 25 National Scientific Committees and the international activities in Belgium. Famous members. A full list can be found in the (1769-2005).