Sigirino
Sigirino is a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipalities of Medeglia, Bironico, Camignolo, Rivera and Sigirino merged on 21 November 2010 into the new municipality of Monteceneri. History. Sigirino is first mentioned in 1335 as "Sezelino". In the Middle Ages, Sigirino belonged to the territory of the Carvina valley community. Carvina included all the villages in the upper Vedeggio valley and its secular and religious capital was Bironico. In a land register of 1296, Como Cathedral possessed lands, pastures, forests, farmland and land with houses in Sigirino. It is  likely that at that time Sigirino possessed some type of fortifications. The Church of St. Andrew was first mentioned in 1296. It was totally rebuilt in the 16th Century and restored in the 18th. After its separation from Bironico in 1625, Sigirino had its own parish. Economically, the village was dominated by agriculture and emigration. In the 21st Century, it belongs to commercial and industrial zone in the valley floor between Sigirino and the neighboring villages. Geography. Sigirino has an area, , of . Of this area, or 3.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 79.1% is forested. Of the rest  of the land, or 6.5% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.1% is either rivers or lakes and or 8.7% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.4% of the area Out of the forested land, 64.4% of the total land area is heavily forested, while 13.1% is covered in small trees and shrubbery and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.8% is used for growing  crops and 1.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 7.3% is unproductive vegetation and 1.4% is too rocky for vegetation. The village is located in the Lugano district, on the right side of the mid-Vedeggio valley near the entrance to the Cusella side valley. Coat of arms. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Gules a saltire argent and in chief tower of the same." The St. Andrews cross refers to the patron saint of the village church. Demographics. Sigirino has a population () of 596 . , 30.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997-2007) the population has changed at a rate of 45.7%. Most of the population () speaks Italian (89.2%), with German being second most common (4.9%) and French being third (1.8%). Of the Swiss national languages (), 19 speak German, 7 people speak French, 348 people speak Italian. The remainder (16 people) speak another language. , the gender distribution of the population was 56.4% male and 43.6% female. The population was made up of 208 Swiss men (34.9% of the population), and 128 (21.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 214  Swiss women (35.9%), and 46 (7.7%) non-Swiss women. In there were 4 live births to Swiss citizens and 2 births to non-Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 4 while the foreign population increased by 2. There were 2 Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 27 non-Swiss men and 10 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 19 and the non-Swiss population  change was an increase of 51 people. This represents a population growth rate of 13.3%. The age distribution, , in Sigirino is; 50 children or 8.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 61 teenagers or 10.2% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 76 people or 12.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 114 people or 19.1% are between 30 and 39, 126 people or 21.1% are between 40 and 49, and 92 people or 15.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 40 people or 6.7 % of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 19 people or 3.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 18 people or 3.0% who are over 80. , there were 166 private households in the village, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. there were 122 single family homes (or 73.5% of the total) out of a total of 166 inhabited buildings. There were 28 two family buildings (16.9%) and 9 multi-family buildings (5.4%). There were also 7 buildings in the village that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose). The vacancy  rate for the village, , was 0%. there were 220 apartments in the village. The most common apartment size was the 5 room apartment of which there were 68. There were 22 single room apartments and 68 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 166 apartments (75.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 47 apartments (21.4%) were seasonally occupied and 7 apartments (3.2%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.8 new units per 1000 residents. The historical population is given in the following chart: Sights. The entire villaggio of Osignano is  designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites. Politics. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 25.65% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (20.48%), the Ticino League (20.02%) and the SVP (14.3%). In the federal election, a total of 144 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.5%. In the "Gran Consiglio" election, there were a total of 297 registered voters in Sigirino, of which 189 or 63.6% voted. 1 blank ballot was cast, leaving 188 valid ballots in the election. The most popular  party was the LEGA which received 52 or 27.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 45 or 23.9%), the PPD+GenGiova (with 33 or 17.6%) and the SSI (with 28 or 14.9%). In the "Consiglio di Stato" election, The most popular party was the LEGA which received 63 or 33.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 42 or 22.2%), the PPD (with 33 or 17.5%) and the SSI (with 22 or 11.6%). Economy. , Sigirino had an unemployment rate of 3.31%. , there were people employed in the primary  economic sector and about businesses involved in this sector. 57 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 5 businesses in this sector. 42 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 6 businesses in this sector. There were 197 residents of the village who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 35.5% of the workforce. , there were 106 workers who commuted into the village and 159 workers who commuted away. The village is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.5 workers leaving the village for every one entering. About 17.9% of the workforce  coming into Sigirino are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 7.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 62.9% used a private car. Religion. From the , 266 or 68.2% were Roman Catholic, while 33 or 8.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There are 32 individuals (or about 8.21% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 59 individuals (or about 15.13% of the population) did not answer the question. Education. In Sigirino about 62.4% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or  additional higher education (either University or a "Fachhochschule"). In Sigirino there were a total of 96 students (). The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Sigirino there were 6 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the village, 31 students attended the standard primary schools and 3 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four -year program to prepare for higher education. There were 24 students in the two-year middle school, while 6 students were in the four-year advanced program. The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time  student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 8 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 15 who attend part-time. The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 3 students in the professional program. , there were 36 students from Sigirino who attended schools outside the village.