Osteocephalus helenae
Osteocephalus helenae is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is widely distributed in the Amazon Basin and is known from the lowlands of Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and French Guiana. The specific name "helenae" honors Helen Beulah Thompson Gaige, an American herpetologist. Common name Helena's treefrog has been proposed for it. Taxonomy. "Osteocephalus helenae" was described in 1919 by Alexander Grant Ruthven as "Hyla helenae" based on three recently metamorphosed specimens. The relationships of this species were unclear and it was considered "incertae sedis" within "Hyla", until and colleagues concluded in 2013  that Ruthven's "Hyla helenae" is the same species as "Osteocephalus germani" described by Ron and colleagues in 2012 and that the correct name for this taxon is "Osteocephalus helenae". Description. Based on the type series of "Osteocephalus germani", adult males measure about and adult females about in snout–vent length. The snout is truncate but may sometimes be rounded in females. The tympanum is visible but partly concealed dorsally. The fingers and the toes bear large discs and are webbed, the toes more heavily so. Dorsal skin bears tubercles in males but is smooth in females. Coloration is variable , ranging dorsally from brown with dark brown marks to light gray with dark brown marks; the ventrum is light cream and may have dark brown flecks. There is a cream-colored suborbital mark. Males have a paired vocal sac. Habitat. The region of the type locality of "Osteocephalus helenae" is lowland tropical rainforest. In Peru, this species (as "Osteocephalus germani") has been collected from primary and secondary lowland forests and from premontane forest at elevations up to . All specimens were encountered by temporary pools, perching over broad leaves or on tree branches above the ground. Conservation status. The assessment of  Osteocephalus helenae for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2004 predates the current delimitation of this species.