McClure's
McClure's or McClure's Magazine (1893–1929) was an American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. The magazine is credited with having started the tradition of muckraking journalism (investigative, watchdog, or reform journalism), and helped direct the moral compass of the day. The publishing company briefly got into the film business with McClure Pictures. History. Founded by S. S. McClure (1857–1949) and John Sanborn Phillips (1861–1949), who had been classmates at Knox College, in June 1893. Phillips put up the $7,300 needed to launch the magazine. The magazine featured both political and  literary content, publishing serialized novels-in-progress, a chapter at a time. In this way, "McClure's" published writers including Willa Cather, Arthur Conan Doyle, Herminie T. Kavanagh, Rudyard Kipling, Jack London, Lincoln Steffens, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Mark Twain. At the beginning of the 20th century, its major competitors included "Collier's" and the "Saturday Evening Post". Examples of its work include Ida Tarbell's series in 1902 exposing the monopoly abuses of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company, and Ray Stannard Baker's earlier look at the United States Steel Corporation, which focused the public eye on  the conduct of corporations. From January 1907 to June 1908, "McClure's" published the first detailed history of Christian Science and the story of its founder, Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910) in 14 installments. The articles were later published in book form as "The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science" (1909). In 1906 three staffers left to form "The American Magazine". Shortly thereafter "McClure's" found itself in financial trouble, in part because a publishing plant the company was building for a cost of $105,000 ended up costing over three times that amount. Advertising  revenue had also fallen. By 1911 S.S. McClure had lost control of the company, forced to sell the magazine to creditors. It was re-styled as a women's magazine and ran inconsistently in this format, with publication from October 1921 to February 1922, September 1924 and April 1925, and February to May 1926. The later issues, from July 1928 until March 1929, were published under the name "New McClure's Magazine". The last issue was in March 1929, after which the magazine was taken over by "The Smart Set". In 1916 the magazine published an "Automobile Year Book" ("First  McClure Automobile Year Book") with the specifications and pictures of over 100 different major producers of passenger and commercial vehicles.