Phaius tankervilleae var. bernaysii
Phaius tankervilleae var. bernaysii, also known as the yellow swamp orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to a small area of Queensland. It is an evergreen, terrestrial herb with large, crowded pseudobulbs, large pleated leaves and flowers that are white on the outside and sulfur yellow inside. Apart from flower colour, the species is identical to "P. tankervilleae" var. "bernaysii". Description. "Phaius tankervilleae" var. "bernaysii" is an evergreen, terrestrial herb with fleshy, crowded pseudobulbs long and wide. There are between four and eight pleated, lance-shaped, dark green leaves long and wide, with the narrower  end towards the base. Between four and sixteen fleshy flowers long and long are borne on a thick flowering stem long. The flowers are the largest of all Australian orchids and are white on the outside, sulfur yellow on the inside. The sepals are long, wide, the dorsal sepal angled upwards and the lateral sepals spread widely apart from each other. The petals are a similar size to the sepals. The labellum is long, wide, has three lobes and ranges in colour from yellow to bright purple. The middle lobe has wavy or crinkly edges and the side lobe sometimes  form a tube shape around the column or spread widely apart from each other. Flowering occurs between September and November in Australia. Taxonomy and naming. The yellow swamp orchid was first formally described in 1873 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach and given the name "Phaius bernaysii", giving credit to "Dr Rowland" for the discovery. The description was published in "The Gardeners' Chronicle". Reichenbach apparently thought that the name was given by Dr Rowland to honour Lewis Adolphus Bernays. A later edition of "The Gardeners' Chronicle" included a letter from Lewis Bernays explaining that he himself had collected the specimens and sent  them to Ferdinand von Mueller and to his friend "Dr Rowland of Malvern" for him to take to "the eminent firm of Messrs. Veitch & Son", (possibly Veitch Nurseries in London). "Dr Rowland of Malvern" may have been Hugh Mortimer Rowland who had been the first doctor in the village of Carcoar from 1857 to 1867 before returning to England where he died in 1882. The unpublished manuscript had therefore been written by von Mueller, a fact of which Reichenbach was apparently unaware. The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families gives the author of the manuscript as Ferdinand von Mueller, although  Mueller was not mentioned in Reichenbach's article. In 2017, Judi Stone and Phillip James Cribb published a monograph entitled "Lady Tankerville's Legacy - A Historical and Monographic Review of Phaius and Gastrorchis" and reduced "Phaius bernaysii" to a variety of "Phaius tankervilleae". Distribution and habitat. "Phaius tankervilleae" var. "bernaysii" is found in near-coastal swampy forest. It occurs on Stradbroke Island but has been seen in the past on Peel Island, Bribie Island and at Noosa Heads. Conservation status. The yellow swamp orchid, as "Phaius bernaysii", is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation  Act 1999 and the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992. The main threats to the species are illegal collection of the plants and flowers, inappropriate fire regimes and changes in swamp hydrology due to human activities.