Sāmāyika
Sāmāyika is the vow of periodic concentration observed by the Jains. It is one of the essential duties prescribed for both the "Śrāvaka" (householders) and ascetics. The preposition "sam" means one state of being. To become one is "samaya". That, which has oneness as its object, is "sāmāyikam". "Sāmāyika" is aimed at developing equanimity and to refrain from injury. On the third "pratimā" (stage) the householder resolves to observe the "sāmāyika" vow three times a day. According to the Jain text, "Purushartha Siddhyupaya": "Sāmāyika" is also one of the five kinds of conduct ("cāritra") other kinds being reinitiation, purity  of non-injury, slight passion and perfect conduct. It is of two kinds — with and without time limit. Duration. The "sāmāyika" is performed for an "antara-muhurta" (about 48 minutes) every day. Champat Rai Jain in his book "The Key of Knowledge" writes: Procedure. In performing "sāmāyika", the "śrāvaka" has to stand facing north or east and bow to the "Pañca-Parameṣṭhi". He then sit down and recites the Namokara mantra a certain number of times, and finally devotes himself to holy meditation. This consists in: According to Jain text, "Puruşārthasiddhyupāya": For the sake of strengthening the performance of daily  meditation ("sāmāyika"), one must undertake fasting twice each lunar fortnight ("proşadhopavāsa"). Posture. The posture for "sāmāyika" may be either — Great vows. The householders, due to the absence of all sinful activities during the period of meditation ("sāmāyika"), observe great vows, although the conduct-deluding "karmas" remain in operation. According to "Achārya Pujyapada's Sarvārthasiddhi": Transgressions. Jain texts list down five transgressions of the vow of "sāmāyika". These are- Misdirected activity of the speech, mind, and body, lack of earnestness, and absent mindedness. In performing the "samayika" meditation the following points are prescribed for the monk: