Kartamyshevska Street
Kartamyshevska Street () is a street in the historical district of Moldavanka in Odessa, Ukraine. Residents of Odessa refer to the street as Kartamyshevskaya (), omitting the word "street". It is in postal code 65091. Formation and name. The former Turkish fortress of Hadjibey and its surrounding settlements was renamed Odessa, and officially became a town in 1798. Settlers from elsewhere in Ukraine and Russia began to arrive in the new town and its adjacent settlements, Moldavanka and Peresyp. Kartamyshev was a noble family name in the Russian Empire which originated in the 17th century. In 1802, Ivan Kartamyshev and  his family (including his son Bonifatiy Ivanovich Kartamyshev, born in 1790) moved from Kharkov to Moldavanka. The Kartamyshev family established a large farm, and their farmhouse was near the beginning of the area between today's Srednyaya and Komityetskaya Streets. After 1814, Moldavanka was mentioned as a suburb of Odessa. On 7 May 1823, Graf Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov was appointed governor-general of New Russia (as the southern provinces of the empire were then called) and "namestnik" of Bessarabia. The capital and largest city was Odessa. Bonifatiy Ivanovich Kartamyshev was appointed the "" and commissioner of Moldavanka by Vorontsov. Kartamyshev, a  silk and paper merchant, also owned bookshops in the area. The three-block street was first drawn on Odessa's General Plan in 1835, although the streets were not named. Present-day Kartamyshevskaya Street is two blocks long. Early history (1835–1939). 1836–1850. Kartomyshevskaya Street was first mentioned in 1836. The first known architect of buildings on the street was N. N. Cherkunov, who built three houses between 1847 and 1850: 1851–1889. Until 1870, Karamyshevskaya Street was primarily residential. During the second half of the 19th century, the street gradually took on an industrial character. In the early 1870s, a windmill  at the corner of Komityetskaya and Kartamyshevskaya Streets (on the even-numbered side of Kartamyshevskaya Street) was replaced by a steam mill owned by Turkish consul Rafail Hawa. Hawa also established a small glassworks for the production of bottles and similar vessels on the street. The glassworks was sold to a hat manufacturer named Delpech in 1875. At the turn of the 20th century, two small glassworks (one owned by Wilhelm Sanzenbacher) existed on the street. 1890–1903. On behalf of Ivan Solyanikov, Vassily Lobanov petitioned for the construction of a two-storey stone house at the corner of Karamyshevskaya and  Kosvennaya Streets (Kartamyshevskaya Street, 11 and Kosvennaya Street, 76) in 1893; the plan was approved on 16 August of that year. The house's architect was named Ottone. In 1898, the property belonged to A. F. Solyannikova. Kartomyshevska Street was first named on the city map in 1894. A petroleum factory owned by a man named Lang existed on the street in the late 19th century, and a mining engineer named Yushkin was summoned from Grozny to work there. In 1898, two parcels were on the block between Kertamyshevska and Kosvyennaya Streets: The numbering of the even-numbered side of  Kartamyshevskaya Street was changed in 1902 and 1903. Revolutionary period (1904-1920). The Russian Empire experienced a revolutionary period between 1904 and 1920, and the Potemkin uprising brought Odessa into the revolutionary movement. From 1918 to February 1920, political power in Odessa changed a number of times until the Red Army installed the Bolsheviks in power. The houses on Kartamyshevska Street were: The numbering of the odd-numbered side of the street was changed in 1913. According to a 1910 Odessa map, the 10A electric-train line ran along Balkovkaya Street and crossed Kartomyshevska Street. According to 1912, 1916, 1917  and 1919 maps, two lines crossed Kartomyshevska: the 10A and the Kosvennaya Street line. 1920–1938. The Soviets entered Odessa on 7 February 1920. The next two years were a time of privation, with increased deaths of young children and the elderly. The wallpaper factory reopened as the Comintern factory in 1923 as the only wallpaper factory in the USSR. During its first year, the factory produced 575,000 rolls of wallpaper. In 1930, after modernization, it produced 6,000,000 rolls per year. Tapestry and wallpaper manufacturing in Ukraine began on Karamyshevska Street. The apartment house of Ivan Solyanikov at Karamyshevska 17 and  Kosvennaya 86, designed by architect C. Ottone, was demolished during this period. Petrovsky Street (1939-1941). In 1939, Kartamyshevska Street was renamed Petrovsky Street; it was known by local residents as Petrovskogo Street. The street was renamed in honor of Grigory Petrovsky, who often visited Odessa. Defense of Odessa. The defense of Odessa, from 5 August to 16 October 1941, began when German and Romanian troops surrounded the city. Middle School 60 was blown up by Soviet troops in October 1941, before they left Odessa by sea to continue the siege of Sevastopol (1941–42). During the defense of the city  Odessa's city hall was located at Karamyshevska Street, 10. Occupation and liberation. Petrovsky Street returned to its original name during the German and Romanian occupation. Odessa was liberated by Soviet troops under General Rodion Malinovsky on 10 April 1944. The only significant damage to buildings on Kartamyshevska Street during the Second World War was the destruction of the school. Different names (1945–1953). In 1945, Kartamyshevska Street was officially renamed Sukharev Street. According to a 13 April 1946 map of a parcel at Kartamyshevska 26, the street was still known as Petrovsky Street. A 9 September 1948 denationalization certificate lists  the street as Kartamyshevska Street. During the fourth five-year plan (1946-1950), the Poligraphmach plant () was built on the odd-numbered side of Kartamyshevska Street between Komitetskaya and Kosvennaya Streets. Replacing the Tarnopol brothers' third wallpaper factory and others houses and shops, it produced polygraph machines. The two-storey, Soviet neoclassic house with columns and gates at Kartamyshevskaya 34 was built on the site of a sausage factory in 1952. From 1947 to 1970, housing was built primarily for military families. Radio jamming. In 1947, the city government transferred 11 acres of land to the Black Sea Shipping Company  for an antenna installation. The large antenna facilitated communications with steamers in the Mediterranean and Red Seas and the north-eastern Indian and Atlantic Oceans. An antenna tower for radio jamming was built at the corner of Kartamyshevska and Komitetskaya Streets between 1946 and 1961. , built from 1956 to 1958, had a similar construction. But Odessa TV tower was higher than the tower at Katamyshevskaya street. Seem the tower on Kartamyshevskaya street was built before 1957 year. (To see the photos in article and the photos on Church Cite ). M. Raskova Street (1953–1995). In 1953, Kartamyshevska Street was renamed M.  Raskova Street in honor of Soviet pilot Marina Raskova (1912-1943). The street was absent from tourist maps from 1970 to the 1980s. It lost its outlet to Frunze Street () due to construction at the intersection of Frunze and M. Raskova Streets which shortened M. Raskova Street to two blocks. Radio jamming ended as the result of a November 1988 Politburo decision, and all jamming stations ceased operation during the night of 29–30 November. On the, Mikhail Gorbachev announced the end of jamming during an 8 December 1988 session of the UN General Assembly. An order from the Minister of  Communications "On the cessation of jamming of foreign radio stations broadcasting to the Soviet Union" was signed on 19 December 1988. Around this time, jamming also ended in the Warsaw Pact countries. Construction of the began in 1992, very close to the tower for radio jamming, and was completed in 1997. The tower for radio jamming was deconstructed by helicopter before end of 1997 as it was as it was unable to perform its functions due to progress in radio war during the Clad War period. 1995 to present. The street returned to its original name. Kartamyshevskaya Street was included  in the following districts of Odessa during the Soviet era: The Odessa Catacombs, under Golorovskaya, Kartamyshevska and Kosvyennaya Streets and Mikhailovsky Square, date to the 18th century. Although most entrances to the catacombs are on Golokovskaya Street, some are on Kartamyshevska Street.