European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is an agency of the European Union (EU) whose mission is to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases. It covers a wide spectrum of activities, such as: surveillance, epidemic intelligence, response, scientific advice, microbiology, preparedness, public health training, international relations, health communication, and the scientific journal "Eurosurveillance". The Centre was established in 2004 and is headquartered in Solna, Sweden. History. As EU economic integration and open frontiers increased, cooperation on public health issues became more important. While the idea of creating a European  centre for disease control had been discussed previously by public health experts, the 2003 SARS outbreak and the rapid spread of SARS across country borders confirmed the urgency of the creation of an EU-wide institution for public health. ECDC was set up in record time for an EU agency: the European Commission presented draft legislation in July 2003; by the spring of 2004, Regulation (EC) 851/2004 had been passed, and in May 2005 the Centre became operational. The relevance of the Centre's mission was confirmed shortly after it began operating, when the arrival of H5N1 avian influenza in  the EU's neighbourhood led to fears that the disease could adapt or mutate into a pandemic strain of human influenza. The Centre moved to its current location at Gustav III:s Boulevard 40, 16973 Solna, Sweden, on 3 March 2018. Organisational structure. Units. The ECDC currently operates on a matrix structure based on five units: The office of the Chief Scientist oversees the seven Disease Programmes, the Microbiology Coordination Section and the Scientific Advice Coordination Section. Programs. The Disease Programmes focus on specific disease groups: Two shared-resource units – Surveillance and Response Support, and Public Health Capacity and Communication  – provide specialist expertise. The Information and Communication Technologies Unit provides infrastructure, application development and support. The Resource Management and Coordination Unit controls ECDC's human and financial resources. Publications. ECDC publishes numerous scientific and technical reports covering various issues related to the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Comprehensive reports from key technical and scientific meetings are also produced by the organization. Towards the end of every calendar year, ECDC publishes its Annual Epidemiological Report, which analyses surveillance data and infectious disease threats. As well as offering an overview of the public health situation in the European Union, the report  offers an indication of where further public health action may be required in order to reduce the burden caused by communicable diseases. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is monitoring the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Other ECDC publications include disease-specific surveillance reports and threat reports, as well as analyses of trends in European public health. Section::::"Eurosurveillance". "Eurosurveillance", a European peer-reviewed journal devoted to the epidemiology, surveillance, prevention and control of infectious diseases, has been published by ECDC since March 2007. The journal was founded in 1995 and, before its move to ECDC, was a collaborative project  between the European Commission, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (France) and the Health Protection Agency (United Kingdom). "Eurosurveillance" is an open-access (i.e. free) web-based journal that reports infectious disease issues from a European perspective. It publishes results from ECDC and the EU-funded surveillance networks, thereby providing the scientific community with timely access to new information. The journal is published every Thursday. Member states. In addition to the member states of the union, three members of the European Economic Area also participate in the ECDC network: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway. The United Kingdom benefited from the ECDC during the  Brexit transition period from February 1st to December 31st, 2020. COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, involved in the European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic the ECDC published data related to COVID-19 such as number of people affected in the European Union. See also. For similar agencies, please see the List of national public health agencies