Mehrangiz Kar
Professor Mehrangiz Kar () (b. 1944,Ahvaz, Iran), a human rights lawyer from Iran, is an internationally recognized writer, speaker and activist who advocates for the defense of women’s and human rights in Iran and throughout the Islamic world. A common theme in her work is the tension between Iranian law and the core principles of human rights and human dignity. She is also author of the book "Crossing the Red Line", and an activist of women's rights in Iran. Born in 1944 at Ahvaz, in southern Iran, she attended the College of Law and Political Science at  Teheran University. After graduating, she worked for Sazman-e Ta’min-e Ejtemaii (Institute of Social Security) and published over 100 articles on social and political issues. She was one of the first women attorneys to oppose the Islamization of gender relations following the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Kar has been an active public defender in Iran’s civil and criminal courts and has lectured extensively, both in Iran and abroad, on political, legal and constitutional reform, promotion of civil society and democracy, and on dismantling legal barriers to women’s and children’s rights. Early life. She was arrested on  April 29, 2000, for participating in a Berlin academic conference on political and social reform in Iran with leading Iranian writers and intellectuals. She was tried behind closed doors with no right to a lawyer and sentenced to four years in prison on grotesque and arbitrary charges such as "actions contrary to national security" and "violating the Islamic dress code." She was released on bail before going to trial on medical conditions and then traveled to the United States for breast cancer treatment. Her husband, Siamak Pourzand, who was also an outspoken critic of the regime, vanished after she left , and Mehrangiz faced intense pressure from Teheran to keep her lips quiet. Her attempts to obtain information about her husband through official agencies and human rights organizations, as well as her and her daughters Leila and Azadeh's appeals to foreign radio and television networks, were unsuccessful. Mr. Pourzand was found in the Islamic Republic's jails some weeks after his disappearance, charged with spying and harming national security. The Tehran Press Court condemned him to eight years in prison on May 3, 2002. In the interim, on January 8, 2002, Mehrangiz Kar's final sentence was lowered to six  months in prison. She has been a scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow of the National Endowment for Democracy’s International Forum for Democratic Studies. Kar was a Radcliffe Fellow at Harvard University and in the 2005/06 academic year was based at the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government. She has also been recognized as a Scholar at Risk through an international network of universities and colleges working to promote academic freedom and to defend the human rights of scholars worldwide. She  currently works in Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women in Brown University. She is also an instructor of courses on women's rights in Iran at . In 2002, the U.S. First Lady, Laura Bush, gave her the National Endowment for Democracy's Democracy award. She is the widow of Siamak Pourzand, a fellow Iranian dissident and former prisoner of conscience who committed suicide on 29 April 2011, after a long period of torture and imprisonment.