New York Athletic Club
The New York Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club in New York. Founded in 1868, the club has approximately 8,600 members and two facilities: the City House, located at 180 Central Park South in Manhattan; and Travers Island in Westchester County. Membership in the club is by invitation only. The club offers many sports, including rowing, wrestling, boxing, judo, fencing, swimming, basketball, rugby union, soccer, tennis, handball, squash, snooker, lacrosse and water polo. Facilities. The City House, located at 180 Central Park South, is a large, cavernous building built in the early  twentieth century which offers panoramic views of Central Park. Designed by Charles W. Clinton, the 24-floor facility includes two restaurants, a cocktail lounge, library, ballroom, billiard room, meeting rooms, rooftop solarium, and eight floors of guest rooms for members and club guests. The athletic training floors include a swimming pool, basketball courts, boxing rings, a fencing and wrestling room, judo floor, and squash courts. Named for Wall Street businessman William R. Travers who arranged for its purchase in 1886, Travers Island is the NYAC's summer facility on Long Island Sound. It consists of the main house, other buildings  and facilities that sit on of landscaped grounds. Centered around the Main House, the Olympic-sized salt water pool, and accompanying cabanas, Travers Island extends the range of NYAC sports to include tennis, rowing, yachting, outdoor swimming and diving, a children's day camp, rugby, soccer, croquet, and lacrosse. Travers Island is located in Westchester County, New York, and straddles the border of New Rochelle and Pelham Manor, between Neptune Island, Glen Island, and Hunter Island. History. In 1866, William Buckingham Curtis, Harry Buermeyer, and John C. Babcock opened a gymnasium on the corner of 6th Avenue and 14th Street  in their New York City apartment, after discussing the rapid rise of organized athletics in England. Interest in their gym grew, and the three men decided to found the New York Athletic Club on September 8, 1868. The club was modeled after the London Athletic Club. Their goal was to sponsor athletic competitions in the New York area, and to keep official records for different sports. The NYAC was established on September 8, 1868. Its Constitution and Bylaws were adopted in December 1868. In the beginning there was no initiation fee, but $10 was required for the first six  months of dues. The Mott Haven grounds with cinder track were obtained by the club in 1875. The Mott Haven grounds were used for several national athletic championships. In 1879, at which time it had 170 members, it published rules in various amateur sports, including fencing, sparring, and Greco-Roman wrestling. The NYAC can be considered the foundation for amateur athletics in the United States. It was the first organization to compile and apply a code of rules for the government of athletic meetings, the first to offer prizes for open amateur games, and the first to hold an amateur  championship. NYAC members have won 119 Olympic gold medals, 53 silver medals, and 59 bronze medals. Presently, the NYAC has top-ranked competitors in wrestling, judo, rowing, fencing, water polo and track and field, among other sports. Forty NYAC members competed for three countries at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, winning 16 medals. From 1896 to 1912 (a span counting 16 consecutive seasons) the New York Athletic Club had a team represented in the American Amateur Hockey League and played its games at the St. Nicholas Rink at 69 West 66th Street in Manhattan. The NYAC ice hockey branch  won league championship honors four times: in 1896–97, 1897–98, 1908–09 and 1909–10. Canadian hockey player Tom Howard, who won the Stanley Cup with the Winnipeg Victorias in February 1896, played four season with the team between 1899 and 1903. Mercury Cup series. The NYAC's Mercury Cup series is the premier regional fencing event in North America. The series includes a number of épée and sabre tournaments, ending each season with the "Epeepalooza" and "Sabrage" events. Competitors earn points based on final placements at each tournament, with the champion being the highest-ranked fencer at the conclusion of the season . Mercury Cup champions Individual event champions 2005–2006 Épée series Mercury Cup #1: Noah Zucker Mercury Cup #2: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #3: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #4: Mykhaylo Mokretsov Mercury Cup #5: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #6: Alex Tsinis 2006–2007 Épée series Mercury Cup #1: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #2: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #3: Soren Thompson Mercury Cup #4: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #5: Brendan Baby Mercury Cup #6: Tommi Hurme 2007–2008 Épée series Mercury Cup #1: Alexander Abend Mercury Cup #2: Bas Verwijlen Mercury Cup #3: Tommi Hurme Mercury Cup #4: Jon Normile Mercury Cup #5: Jon Normile  2008–2009 Épée series Mercury Cup #1: Alex Tsinis Mercury Cup #2: Jon Normile Mercury Cup #3: Jon Normile 2007–2008 Sabre series Mercury Cup #1: Sergey Isayenko Mercury Cup #2: Ben Igoe Mercury Cup #3: Sergey Isayenko 2008–2009 Sabre series Mercury Cup #1: Ben Igoe Mercury Cup #2: Ben Igoe Mercury Cup #3: Daryl Homer Other notable events. In November 2003, the club was the site of a four-game chess match between Garry Kasparov and the computer program X3D Fritz. In June 2004, the club played host to the final play-offs of the United States National Snooker Championship, and  in May 2017 it played host to the entire event. Sports teams. The NYAC currently fields 22 different teams for the following sports: National Amateur Athletic Championships. NYAC was involved with forming the National Association of Amateur Athletes of America and the Amateur Athletic Union and their related National Amateur Athletic Championships during the 1800s. NYAC has held the National Amateur Athletic Championship and National Convention several times. Controversies over admissions. The New York Athletic Club was, for most of its history, a men's club with the purpose to "promote manly sports." New York City passed a law in  1984 requiring "the admission of women to large, private clubs that play an important role in business and professional life." The NYAC, with 10,000 members, was one of four clubs that the city sanctioned for disobeying the law. The NYAC challenged the law, arguing it was a violation of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing the right to freedom of association. The case made its way to the United States Supreme Court where in June 1988, the court held that the clubs who had brought the suit were too dissimilar for the court to decide the case and  remanded the case back to the federal district court. This has sometimes been incorrectly reported as upholding the ban. Facing the high cost of restarting the case on its own, the NYAC changed its by-laws and voluntarily admitted some female members in 1989. There were also claims, over the years, that the club discriminated against blacks and Jews. In 1936, Eddie O'Sullivan invited Olympic track athlete Marty Glickman, who was Jewish, to work out together at the NYAC. When Glickman walked into the lobby, Athletic Director Paul Pilgrim turned the Olympian away. Glickman believed he was turned away because  he was Jewish. In the mid-1950s, New York City Councilman Earl D. Brown, a Manhattan Democrat, refused to attend an outing at an NYAC facility to protest the fact that the club: "discriminates against Negroes and Jews on its track team". The "Race Relations Reporter" reported that a spokesman for the NYAC, Alfred Foster, "admitted that the club has no Jewish or Negro athletes on its teams". However, it also reported that the club secretary stated there were some Jewish members of the NYAC. In February 1962, New York City Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. quit the NYAC due to  allegations that it barred blacks and Jews. Woody Allen had a joke about a Jewish couple that was dressed as a moose and was shot and stuffed and mounted at the NYAC, with his punch line being "And the joke is on them, because it is restricted." In May 1964, the club was picketed by demonstrators from the Congress for Racial Equality who shouted slogans calling for integration of Negroes and Jews. In the late 1960s, members of The Olympic Project for Human Rights organized black athletes to boycott events held at the NYAC on the grounds that the club  excluded Blacks and Jews from membership. Olympian Byron Dyce and most black athletes boycotted the NYAC Games at Madison Square Garden in February 1968 to protest what it alleged were the club's discriminatory membership policies. A 500-600-person crowd protested outside the Games, with picketers charging at police, who swung their nightsticks at the picketers in reaction, with each at times knocking the others to the ground. At the same time, fifty alumni of the University of Notre Dame encouraged their fellow alumni to resign from the club unless it explained its exclusion of non-Whites and Jews . In June 1970, columnist Nat Hentoff criticized Ted Sorensen, who was running in the primary election for the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator from New York, because Sorensen had lived for a time at the NYAC, writing: "what kind of man would "choose" to live in one of this city's redoubts of bigotry?" In 1980, Wrestler ken Mallory became the first African-American to represent the New York Athletic Club. In March 1981, prior to a press conference at the NYAC, Muhammad Ali picked up the microphone to test it out and said: "Ladies and Gentlemen, the Jews and  niggers and all the other members of the NAACP welcome you to the NYAC." In 1989, Olympic gold medal winner Antonio McKay became the first Black track and field athlete to compete for the NYAC.