Christena disaster
The "Christena" disaster was a ferry boat shipwreck with 233 casualties that occurred on 1 August 1970 between the islands of St. Kitts and Nevis in the Leeward Islands, West Indies. Details. MV "Christena" was a 160-foot, government-owned and operated ferry boat, which for the previous 11 years had worked the 12-mile route between Basseterre, the capital of the island of St. Kitts, and Charlestown, the capital of the island of Nevis. "Christena" had been built between 1958-1959 by Sprostons Ltd. in Georgetown, British Guiana (present-day Guyana), and, at the time of sinking , had recently completed a refurbishment 2 months earlier at a dry dock in Bridgetown, Barbados. She was owned and operated by the Saint Kitts and Nevis Ministry of Communications, Works, and Transport, and constructed via an appropriation of $132,500 from the British government. Aside from being significantly overloaded on the day of the disaster, "Christena" left port with ballast tanks empty, a practice that had become standard procedure, to allow her to ride higher in the water and reduce complaints over waves soaking the decks, but which further compromised stability. On the afternoon of Saturday 1 August 1970 (the  weekend of the annual Emancipation Day holiday), the ferry boat was overloaded on her final run of the day from St. Kitts to Nevis. The passenger capacity was 155, but that afternoon "Christena" had approximately 320 people on board. When the boat was half a mile off Nags Head (a promontory at the southern tip of the southeastern peninsula of St. Kitts), and entering the rougher seas that line up with the channel between the two islands, the ferry boat took on water and sank. Only 91 people survived, and the great majority of those were people that had to  be rescued. After the sinking, 57 bodies were retrieved and identified; 66 bodies were retrieved but were unidentifiable. A number of bodies were trapped inside the sunken wreckage, and these bodies were left in place: "A decision was made to leave the boat and [the entrapped] bodies undisturbed" notes Arthur Anslyn, Captain of the "Caribe Queen", who was hired by the Commission of Inquiry to dive the site after August 1". A memorial to the disaster is located on the waterfront in Charlestown, the capital of Nevis; that memorial reads, "In loving memory of all those who lost their lives  in the "Christena" disaster of August 1st, 1970 R.I.P." A memorial headstone is located in the cemetery in the village of Bath on Nevis. Commentary. Oswald Tyson is one of the survivors of the disaster; in his 2011 autobiography he describes "Christena" as "a two-decker, partly enclosed craft... she was in poor repair and she always took on water in the lower level. If I had worn shoes, the water would have ruined them as it came up to my ankles." After the ferry boat sank, numerous injured people were in the water, and as Tyson explains, "the blood  attracted the sharks. They had never bothered anyone before, that I had heard of, but on this day the sharks came like monkeys to a mango tree."