Stephen Smith (journalist)
Stephen William Smith is an American biographer, editor, journalist, and writer. He is a former editor of the French daily newspaper "Libération" and the former deputy editor of the foreign desk at "Le Monde". For many years he worked as a traveling correspondent for Radio France International and Reuters News Agency in West and Central Africa. Biography. Born on October 30, 1956 in Connecticut, Smith studied African law and anthropology at the University of Paris and history, philosophy, and political science at the Free University of Berlin. According to "La Vie des Idées", Smith has a PhD  in Semiotics. After working as a freelance journalist for a few years, Smith joined the staff of "Libération" in 1986, replacing Pierre Haski as the paper's Africa Editor. In 2000 he became the Africa Editor for "Le Monde", becoming deputy director there two years later. In 2005 he left the paper to return to work as a freelance journalist. Smith is the author of numerous French language books and academic publications related to the anthropology and history of Africa, including books on Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, and Somalia. He has also written a number  of biographies on notable African people, including General Mohamed Oufkir (1998), Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa (2000), and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (2007). Smith is credited with extensively researching the background to the French television miniseries "Carlos" (2010), about the international terrorist Carlos the Jackal. Smith is a professor of African studies at Duke University. His work has been highly criticized by French scholars.