George Ramsay (English Army officer)
Lieutenant-General George Ramsay (1652 – 5 September 1705) was a Scottish professional soldier who served with the British Brigade in the French army from 1674-1676, then with the Dutch Scots Brigade from 1676-1691. In November 1688, he went to England with William III and fought in the 1689-1692 Jacobite Rising in Scotland. He returned to Flanders in 1690 during the Nine Years War, was promoted Brigadier General in March 1691 and Colonel of the Scots Footguards in September. After the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, he was appointed Commander -in-Chief, Scotland in 1702 and died at Edinburgh in September 1705. Life. George Ramsay was born in 1652, third son of George Ramsay, 2nd Earl of Dalhousie (1618-1674) and his wife, Anne Fleming. Two of his brothers also served in the military; Robert, who died in 1678 and John, a Captain in the Dutch Scots Brigade, killed in 1694. He married Anna Boxel, the daughter of a Dutch army officer. Her mother, Johanna van Rielen, in 1683 remarried Sir Charles Graham, who later succeeded Ramsay as Colonel of the Third Scottish Regiment of the Scots Brigade. Ramsay and  Anna Boxel had one daughter, Johanna, who died shortly after her father. Career. France and Holland; 1674-1688. The 1638-1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms created strong resistance in Scotland and England to a professional army and those who wanted a military career had to do so abroad. Foreign soldiers were widely used in all armies; in 1672, 12 out of 58 French infantry battalions were recruited outside France, as were 9 of its 87 cavalry regiments. Loyalties were often based on religion or personal relationships, with officers moving between armies; French Marshall Turenne (1611-1675), perhaps the best  general of his time, served with the Dutch from 1625-1630. In the 1670 Treaty of Dover, Charles II of England agreed to support a French attack on the Dutch Republic and provide 6,000 troops for the French army. Louis XIV paid him £230,000 per year for this, a secret provision not revealed until 1775. With the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672, Ramsay joined the Royal English Regiment, raised as part of the brigade. Considered unreliable if asked to fight the Protestant Dutch, during the Franco-Dutch War it served in the Rhineland against the  Holy Roman Empire. Many transferred to the Dutch Anglo-Scots Brigade after the Anglo-Dutch War was ended by the February 1674 Treaty of Westminster. The Franco-Dutch War continued until 1678 and to retain his subsidies, Charles encouraged others to remain in French service. Ramsay was commissioned into the second battalion of the Royal English and served in Turenne's 1674-1675 campaigns. He fought at Entzheim in 1674 and Altenheim in 1675, where the Brigade suffered heavy losses as part of the rearguard. It proved impossible to replace losses from battle and disease, while service in the French  military was extremely unpopular; of 500 men recruited for one regiment in 1678, 213 deserted within two months. The Brigade was formally dissolved and Ramsay transferred to the Anglo-Scots Brigade; this had served with the Dutch army since the late 16th century and normally contained three Scottish and three English regiments. Withdrawn in 1672, its English units were restored, while the proportion of Scots in the others was markedly increased. Ramsay joined the Third Scots Regiment or 'Colyear's,' fighting at Cassel and Saint-Denis, where he was badly wounded. The war ended with the 1678 Treaties of Nijmegen  but French expansion continued and Ramsay was promoted Major in early 1685. In June, William sent the Brigade to help his father-in-law James II suppress simultaneous rebellions in Scotland and England; these quickly collapsed and it returned without seeing action. In early 1688, James demanded William repatriate the entire Brigade; he refused but used the opportunity to remove officers of doubtful loyalty. Among them was Ramsay's Colonel, John Wauchope, who became a senior Jacobite commander in the 1689-1691 Williamite War in Ireland. As Lieutenant-Colonel, Ramsay commanded the regiment when it accompanied William to England in  the November 1688 Glorious Revolution and was appointed Colonel in December. Scotland and Europe; 1688-1705. James went into exile on 23 December after his army deserted him and on 4 January 1689, William appointed the Scots Brigade senior officer Hugh Mackay, commander in Scotland. Ramsay's regiment went with Mackay and after James landed in Ireland on 12 March, another former Scots Brigade officer, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, launched a Scottish rising in his support. Despite their victory at Killiecrankie in July, Dundee's death and lack of reinforcements prevented the Jacobites exploiting it; after their defeat at the  Battle of Cromdale in May 1690, the campaign largely focused on minor policing actions, carried out by locally-raised troops. Ramsay spent the rest of the Nine Years War in Flanders; in March 1691, he was promoted Brigadier-General, and commanded a Brigade containing six battalions of British foot. In September, he took over as Colonel of the Scots Footguards, after its commander and his former colleague James Douglas died of fever. Ramsay was present at the battles of Steenkerque in 1692 and Landen, or Neerwinden in 1693, being promoted Major-General in March 1694. During the recapture of Namur  in 1695, he led the attack on 3 July that captured the Heights of Bouge, with the assault force suffering over 4,000 casualties. After the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697, the regiment returned to England, before moving to Scotland in 1699. Ramsay and his wife took up residence at Carriden House, in Falkirk, after selling Anna's Dutch possessions in 1697, mainly landholdings in Zeeland. When the War of the Spanish Succession began in 1702, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Scotland; Marlborough described him as 'a very brave man and a good officer.' Promoted Lieutenant-General in February 1703 , he died in Edinburgh on 7 September 1705.