The World at One
The World at One, or WATO ("what-oh") for short, is BBC Radio 4's long-running lunchtime news and current affairs programme, produced by BBC News, which is currently broadcast from 13:00 to 13:45 from Monday to Friday. The programme describes itself as "Britain's leading political programme. With a reputation for rigorous and original investigation, it is required listening in Westminster". From 7 November 2011, the programme was extended in length from 30 minutes to 45 minutes. History. The programme began on 4 October 1965 on the BBC Home Service and its launch is  considered to have been key in making news programmes "appointment to listen" broadcasting. As the then head of BBC Radio, Jenny Abramsky, noted, the programme started at a time when the "Today" programme was still in a magazine format. "The World at One" "broke new ground in news broadcasting and was one of the reasons why radio is still important today", helping establish a form of current affairs programme that influenced the creation of "Newsnight" in 1980 and "Channel 4 News" in 1982. The launch of "The World at One" was part of a wider change in BBC news and  current affairs coverage; more journalists were arriving from Fleet Street and replacing a more sedate and collegiate culture. John Timpson said that by 1966 or 1967, "[a]n Oxbridge accent was no longer as important as a good contacts book, a shrewd eye for a new angle, and a skin like a rhinoceros" and that the news offices "no longer had the leisurely atmosphere of a club smoking room". The programme had attracted criticism as it seemed to blend together news and current affairs, and break down the distinction made between reporting and interpretation. David Hendy, in "Life on Air: A  History of Radio Four", said that this change was more a change in aesthetic than it was in underlying organizational structure: "by allowing the programme presenter to write and deliver the headlines, it did appear to blur it [the distinction between news and comment] on air". In his history of radio news and current affairs, "Public Issue Radio", Hugh Chignell pointed out that "The World at One" was a highly successful but also a profoundly controversial innovation. It provided a successful approach to news and current affairs which would be cloned elsewhere but at the same time it horrified the  more Reithian wing of the BBC who reacted in the 1970s by creating single subject current affairs programmes ("Analysis" and "File on Four") in reaction to "The World at One's" vulgar journalism. That vulgarity was personified by its first presenter, William Hardcastle, who was a former editor of the "Daily Mail" and had also been Washington Correspondent for Reuters. The Radio Academy Hall of Fame says he "had a businesslike, but warm broadcasting voice, and a style that emphasised fact rather than comment, bringing some Fleet Street urgency to the radio presentation of news". Hardcastle did not want to  do the programme every day so Andrew Boyle suggested he share the job with William Davis another presenter whose career did not wholly depend on the BBC. The programme was a success from the start. Over two million people were tuning in by the end of 1965, and would eventually reach four million by 1975. In 1998, the then Controller of Radio 4, James Boyle, reduced the duration of the programme from 40 to 30 minutes as part of a series of schedule changes. "The World at One" is still known for its robust journalism. After a short introduction to  the programme, there is a six-minute news bulletin, followed by serious political interviews and in-depth reports. Its audience reach has risen recently to approximately 3.3 million listeners, with an average daily audience of around 1.4 million. From late 2005, Shaun Ley presented the show while Clarke recovered from an operation to amputate his left leg. Clarke returned part-time in August 2006. Other stand-in presenters have included Brian Hanrahan, Guto Harri, Laura Trevelyan, Stephen Sackur, Carolyn Quinn, James Robbins and Mark Mardell. The main presenter until March 2018 was Martha Kearney, who presented from Monday to Thursday , with Ley usually in the chair on Friday. In April 2018 Sarah Montague took over the lead presenting role from Kearney, who left to take over Montague's previous role as part of the Today team. In 2012 and 2014 the programme was nominated as one of the best news and current affairs programmes in the Radio Academy Awards. The previous week's programmes can be listened to again using BBC Sounds or downloaded as a podcast. Many reporters and producers have spent some time working on the programme including Sue MacGregor, Kirsty Wark, Luke Jones, Charlie Lee-Potter, Ted  Harrison, Jonathan Dimbleby, Roger Cook, George Alagiah, Jenny Abramsky, Roger Hearing, Sian Williams, Sandra Harris, Nicholas Barrett, Peter Biles, Kirsty Lang, Martin Fewell, Shelagh Fogarty, David Jessel, Nick Ross, Ben Bradshaw, Juliet Bremner, Susannah Simons, Pallab Ghosh and Martha Kearney. The World This Weekend. The World This Weekend is a weekly news and current affairs programme broadcast from 13:00 to 13:30 on BBC Radio 4 every Sunday. It was launched on 17 September 1967. Since the departure of Mark Mardell as the programme's main presenter in 2020, it has frequently been presented by either Jonny Dymond or Edward Stourton . Presenters. Past presenters include: References. Chignell, Hugh "Public Issue Radio" (2011) Palgrave MacMillan pp 85–87