Yakha futhi ngezifiso izinqaba zakho ukuze babe the best nezinqaba esiqine.
Kuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa umbuso wakho nge okwenza izivikelo, ukhumbula ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha amacebo kanye namasu ukulandela. Isinqumo ukuthi njengoba nje inkosi sakho esikhulu ungubani.
Khumbula ukuthi isitha sakho esikhulu nguwe Ayikho inkosi eside kumelwe sihlale. Bavumele ecacile yiziphi izici okumelwe ifa yinkosi enhle, iminyaka ukugcina sakhe sobukhosi. Kumele ezibuza “kuthiwani ekubukekeni”? Yebo, abesifazane athande ukuba amadoda kanye nabalingani abakhuluphele ezikhangayo, kodwa ngabo alilokothi yezimfanelo kuqala ukubheka ngoba umuntu. Uma ngithi kangifuni futhi kangiphilile angibuze ukuthi ngangivemelani ukushada.
Nginokuphathwa yisinye kwesinye isikhathi ngendlela yokuthi noma ngiyochama ngiyabikelwa kepha yena alale nami kunjalo. Inzima le mpilo, pastor. Nothando ngiluzwa lwehla kancanekancane. IMPENDULO: Obhekene nakho kubuhlungu futhi akwehli kahle. Yingakho uma abantu beshada kufanele bazi ukuthi lo mshado abakuwo bayizingane ezidinga umuntu omdala ukuthi awugade futhi awukhulise. Noma ngabe udinga ukuthintana nommeli ngodaba oluphuthumayo noma kungenzeka udinge ukwenzenjalo esikhathini esizayo, manje yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwazi kabanzi mayelana nabameli nomthetho waseNingizimu Afrika.–Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthatha izinqumo eziphusileuma udinga ukusizwa ummeli!
Umuntu ukulungele kanjani ukuthi asebenze njengoMmeli eNingizimu Afrika?
Zihlukaniswe kanjani izigungu ezisemqoka zomthetho eNingizimu Afrika?
Yini isakhiwo sezinkantolo eNingizimu Afrika?
Kumele ngenzenjani uma ngisatshiswa noma ngethuselwa ngesikweletu engingasikweleti?
Isingeniso: Uma kulandelwa usikompilo lwamaNgisi, umsebenzi wezomthetho eNingizimu Afrika uhlukeniswe ngokwe-‘bar’ ne-‘side bar’.
Civil Litigation matters - Ezindabeni ezibandakanya umbango wasemphakathini, noma ngabe kuseNkantolo kamantshi noma enkantolo ephakeme, izindleko zibekwa phansi esilinganisweni esingaguquki esisendimeni esemthethweni.Izichibiyelo zakamuva ezavezwa emaphepheni mhla zingama-27 September 2017 zaqala ukusebenza mhla zingama-1 November 2017futhi ungazifunda lapha. Uma ikhasimende livuma ekuqaleni futhi laziswe ngokugcwele, ummeli angabiza imali ephezulu.
Criminal Law matters - Emacaleni asenkantolo, ummeli angafuna imali ihora ngehora, usuku ngosuku noma imali ephelele yokuphatha lonke udaba-bheka isigaba sethu esimayelana Nomthetho Wasenkantoloukuthola imininingwane ethe xaxa. I-Nevetecyinkampani esebenza kuphela ngokusula amarekhodi obelelesi noma ukuthola izitifiketi ze-SAPS zokwesulwa kobelelesi.
Zilungiselele. Ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana kokuqala, letha imininingwane eminingi bese ucobelelana nommeli wakho. Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ummeli wakho ayiphendule. Lokhu kuyosiza ukunciphisa isikhathi esiyochithwa ummeli ekuphenyeni udaba lwakho nasekuhlanganiseni imininingwane.
Legal Assistance - I-Legal Aid South Africa Legal Aid SA igunyazwe Umthethosisekelo Weriphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika (UMthetho we-108 we-1996)ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezomthetho odabeni lwasenkantolo nolwangaphandle kwasenkantolo kubantu abampofu nabahlaseleka kalula ngezindleko zombuso. Laphakunohlu lwamahhovisi e-Legal Aid SA, futhilapha uhlu Lwezinkantolo Zikamantshi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Legal Aid SA ithola imali yentela ukuyisebenzisa kubantu abampofu, kumele iqinisekise ukuthi umuntu ofaka isicelo sosizo lwezomthetho umpofu ngempela.Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Means Test. Umuntu ngamunye ocela usizo kumele asho ukuthi uthola malini ngenyanga njengomholo wakhe nokuthi lowo muntu unani, njengemoto noma indlu.Lapha yi-link enemininingwane yokuthi ubani okumele athole usizo lwe-Legal Aid SA. Imikhakha yezomthetho Yasemanyuvesi amaningi inezindawo zokusiza ngezomthetho lapho amakhasimende angaletha khona izikhalo.
Small Claims Courts - Inkantolo Yamacala Amancane - Okukhokhwayo okuye kufike ema-R15 000 Uma kukhona umuntu ofuna akukhokhele into eye ifinyelele ema-R15 000 a icala lakho.Imisebenzi ye-SCC imahhala kodwa inkantolo ingafuna imadlana encane ukubhekana nezindleko zamasamaniso kanye nesithunywa senkantolo. (Lapha uhlu Lwamahhovisi Ezithunywa Zenkantolo) Ukhomishana uyena ophatha udaba aphinde anqume ukuthi ubani onecala futhi ubani ongenacala.Uma odinga ukuthi ukhokhelwe kona kungaphezu kwama-R15 000 kumele uyeke ingxenye yaleyo nkokhelo ukuze kube ama-R15 000 noma ngaphansi. Laphaumfanekiso wenqubo yasenkantolo yamacala amancane.
Equality Court Ungathintana Nenkantolo Yezokulingana- (laphauhlu lwazo zonke Izinkantolo zokulingana ezisezinkantolo ZikaMantshi). Noma ubani noma inhlangano ezimele noma emele abanye ingaletha icala layo Enkantolo Yezokulingana. Lezi zinkantolo zinamandla ukuletha uxolo nokuletha ukuthula, zikhiphe imiyalelo yasezinkantolo, ziyalele ukuthi kukhokhwe izinhlawulo noma ziyalele umuntu ukuthi acele uxolo. Ukucwaswa okubhekiswe kuwe kungaba ngenxa yesinye sezizathu ezilandelayo: ubuhlanga, ubulili, okumayelana nobulili, ukukhulelwa, isimo sokushada, imvelaphi yokuziphatha noma inhlalo, iminyaka yobudala, ummbala, indlela yokuziphatha ngokobulili, iminyaka yobudala, ukukhubazeka, inkolo, amasiko, ulimi noma ukuzalwa. Akudingekile ukuthi ube nommeli uma uletha leli cala eNkantolo Yezokulingana. Ukubandlululwa emsebenzini kubhekelelwa yiziNkantolo Zabasebenzi.
The Commission on Gender Equality Uma ubona sengathi ubandlululiwe ngenxa yobulili noma isimo sezocansi, ungafaka isikhalo kwikhomishana yezokulingana ngokobulili, i-Commission on Gender Equality (i-CGE). I-GCE yisigungu esizimele esibhekene noMthethosisekelo nePhalamende kuphela. Noma ubani angasifaka isikhalo sakhe kwi-CGE futhi ungakwenza lokho ngaphandle kommeli.
Lokhu kuphinde kwaziwe njengohlelo lwesikhashana lwenkokhelo okuchaza ukuthi ummeli noma inkampani yabameli iyobiza kuphela inkokhelo uma bephumelele ecaleni lakho.Lokhu kuyokwenza ukuthi kube nohlelo lwesikhashana lwenkokheloNgokomthetho wohlelo lwesikhashana lwenkokhelo, we-1997.(UMthetho wama-66 we-1997).Uma kwenzeka ummeli engaphumeleli ecaleni lakho, ngakho-ke angeke kwadingeka ukuthi ukhokhele noma yiziphi izindleko.Uma ummeli ephumelele uyobe esegunyazeka ukuthi akucele ukuthi ukhokhe inkokhelo eyengeziwenoma iphesenti elithile lokuqhubeka kohlangothi lolo okunqunwe ukuthi lukhokhe.
Uma ubhekene nokulimala, ukulahlekelwa noma ukumosakalelwa ngenxa yesenzo somunye umuntu noma ukuhluleka kwakhe ukwenza okuthile, ungafaka isicelo sokunxeshezelwa noma unganxeshezelwa yilowo muntu uma ungakuqinisekisa:
Ukuthi wephule isivumelwano, noma
Ukwephula Isivumelwano – inhlawulo yokwephulwa kwesivumelwano, okufana nokuthenga nokudayisa, inikezwa ngomgomo wokuthi, yize kukhokhiwe, uhlangothi olulimele kumele lukwazi ukuba sesimeni esifanayo sezezimali akakade ekuso ukuba isivumelwano senziwe kahle, noma ngabe ukwephulwa kwesivumelwano kubi noma ngabe kuhle ngokwanele ukuthi kubonakale kufanele ukuthi isivumelwano sesulwe.Inhlawulo engatholakala ngokwenzenjalo kungaba ukulahlekelwa yimali okwangempela (damnum emergens) nokuthola inzuzo eyimali (lucrum cessans).Bheka isigaba sethu mayelana Nomthetho Wesivumelwano ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe.
Ukulinyazwa kwempahla–lapho impahla yakho ilinyazwe noma ishabalaliswe ngokungemthetho, inhlawulo yakho ingahlolwa ngokulahlekelwa ngokwenani lempahla yakho ngesikhathi ilinyazwa. Izindleko zokulungisa zingalungelana nendlela elinganayo uma kudingeka futhi kulungile, uma zingekho ngaphezu kwezindleko zokuthola okusha futhi uma ziyobuyisela impahla esimeni sayo esidala. Yize ungafaka isicelo sokunxeshezelwa ngokulahlekelwa nokutshenziswa kwenzalo, ukulahlekelwa makungahluki kakhulu-kumele kukwazi ukuthi kukholakale kumuntu nje-futhi kumele uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ukukunciphisa.
Ubufebe– inhlawulo iya ngokuthinteka kwesithunzi nomshado wommangali, imibandela eyenza isimo sibe sibi noma sibe sihle iyabhekelelwa.NgoSepthemba we-2014 Inkantolo Enkulu Yokudlulisa Amacala yaqeda lo mthetho yawubiza ngokuthi ‘usudlulelwe yisikhathi’ futhi ubuyisa isikhathi lapho indoda ‘ibona umfazi wayo eyimpahla yayo’ –inkantolo yabeka ukuthi ‘uma abalingani bengasenakho ukuzibophezela, umshado uyophela futhi isijeziso esibhekiswe komunye kubukeka singeke sakuguqula lokho’.
8. Umuntu ukulungele kanjani ukuthi asebenze njengoMmeli eNingizimu Afrika?
Ukufaneleka Komuntu-umuntu kumele athathwe njengofanele nolungele yiNhlangano Yabameli kanye Nenkantolo Ephakeme ngaphambi kokuthi amukelwe ukuthi abe ummeli.
Ukuqeqeshwa ngokwezomthetho okuyimpoqo-umuntu kumele athamele izifundo zokuqeqeshelwa ezomthetho, eziqokwe yinhlangano Yezomthetho YaseNingizimu Afrika.
Kuyiqiniso, umuntu ‘akakhulile kakhulu’ ukuthi usengafunda noma abe ummeli, ukuthola ugqozifunda kabanzi ngoCornelia Leonard, we-Leonard Attorneys eGoli, owavula inkampani yakhe yabameli ngonyaka we-2014 eneminyaka yobudala engama-66, kanye noNelson Mandela owathola iziqu zakhe ze-LLB ngonyaka we-1989 eneminyaka yobudala engama-69. Ukuthola imininingwane eyengeziwe thintana neNhlangano YaseNingizimu Afrika Yezomthetho.
Ummeli obhala izivumelwano uphinde aqinisekise amanye amadokhumenti asemthethweni.Noma yisiphi isivumelwano esibhalwe phansi esidlula kummeli obhala izivumelwano siba nophawu olukhethekile olunamathiselwe kuso, futhi ikhophi yaso kumele igcinwe ummeli obhala izivumelwanoomqingweni wakhe (ifayela elikhethekile) okumele lifakwe izimpawu, lihlanganiswe isikhathi ngesikhathi, bese ligcinwa endaweni ephephile.
10. Zihlukaniswe kanjani izigungu ezisemqoka zomthetho eNingizimu Afrika?
11. Yini isakhiwo sezinkantolo eNingizimu Afrika?
The Legal Practice Act, 2014,, abameli eNingizimu Afrika babhaliswe ohlwini lokusebenza ngokwesimiso somthetho, wenhlangano yabameli besifundazwe lapho besebenzela khona.
Esikhathini esidlule bewuthola incwadi evikela ohlukunyezwayo enkantolo kamantshi kuphela uma lowo okuhlukumezayo enobudlelwano basemndenini nawe (bhekaUMthetho Obhekele Udlame Lwasemndenini, we-1998) futhi yayisebenza kubantu abathembisene umshado, abashadile, abahlala ndawonye noma ababehlala ndawonye noma abangumzali nomntwana. Uma usatshiswa omunye umuntu nje kwakuyomele ufake isicelo enkantolo ephakeme ukuthi babanike umyalelo obavimba ukuthi bakwesabise.
Uma ukholwa ukuthi uyasatshiswa ungenza isitatimende sakho esifungelwe enkantolo kamantshi bese uthola incwadi yesikhashana evikela ohlukunyezwayo.Isaziso sesicelo sencwadi evikela ohlukunyezwayo kumele sihanjiswe kummangalelwa futhi kumele sisho ukuthi owephule umthetho uyovela nini enkantolo.
Ukusabisa ngokuthathela izinyathelo zomthetho noma ukunikeza isephulelo uma uvuma ukuyikhokha i-akhawunti.
15. Kumele ngenzenjani uma ngisatshiswa noma ngethuselwa ngesikweletu engingasikweleti?
Ngesikhathi i-Attorneys Insurance Indemnity Fund (AIIF) ihlinzeka ngesinga eliphansi lesinxephezelo somsebenzi, uma le khava isiphelile, abaqondisi/abalingani enhlanganweni yabamelibayabophezeleka ngokuhlanganyela futhi kakhulu kunoma yiyiphi enye inkokhelo eyengeziwe yekhava ehlinzekwa yi-AIIF. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela esabekayo enhlanganweni yabameli futhi abameli bangafunda ngokwengeziwe mayelana nesidingo se-top-up coverlapha. Buza ukuthi ngabe inhlangano yabameli bakho inawo yini umshuwalense ofanele we-PI.