Organ concerto
An organ concerto is a piece of music, an instrumental concerto for a pipe organ soloist with an orchestra. The form first evolved in the 18th century, when composers including Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach wrote organ concertos with small orchestras, and with solo parts which rarely call for the organ pedal board. During the Classical period the organ concerto became popular in many places, especially in Bavaria, Austria and Bohemia (whether called there a concerto, pastorella, or sonata), reaching a position of being almost an integral part of the church music tradition of  jubilus character. From the Romantic era fewer works are known. Finally, there are some 20th- and 21st-century examples, of which the concerto by Francis Poulenc has entered the basic repertoire, and is quite frequently played. The organ concerto form is not usually taken to include orchestral works such as organ symphonies that call for an organ used as an extra orchestral section, examples of which include the Third Symphony of Camille Saint-Saëns, Gustav Holst's "The Planets" and Richard Strauss's "Also sprach Zarathustra". Composers of organ concertos. George Frideric Handel (1685–1759). Handel wrote organ concertos as interludes  for his oratorios—playing the organ part himself while directing the orchestra. Some are arrangements of his earlier works, or of works by other composers. For more details see the list of Handel's concertos. Many alternatives exist, so it is difficult to precisely number his organ concertos, however it is generally accepted that he wrote 16: Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750). There is no clearly named "organ concerto" (i.e., for organ and orchestral ensemble) by Bach, but several cantata movements contain extensive obbligato organ parts. Versions of six of these cantata movements had a later incarnation in the two harpsichord  concertos BWV 1052 and 1053. Cantata 35 contains two instrumental Sinfonias with organ solo, the first of which agrees with the fragmentary keyboard concerto BWV 1059. A recording of a reconstruction of this as an organ concerto was made by Ton Koopman. Bach's admiration for Antonio Vivaldi and the Italian style led to several transcriptions of instrumental concertos for solo organ, without an orchestra: Gregor Joseph Werner (1693–1766). The Austrian composer Gregor Joseph Werner wrote a concerto in B-flat major for organ, 2 chalumeaux and string orchestra, dated 1753: "Allegro" – "Largo" – "Tempo di menuet" (manuscript: Országos Széchényi Könyvtár , Budapest: Ms.mus III.305; RISM: 530003636), as well as other concertos for organ and string or chamber orchestra. Besides these he wrote a pastorella in D major for organ and string orchestra: "Andante" – "Larghetto" – "Allegro". Johann Adolf Hasse (1699–1783). The German composer Johann Adolf Hasse wrote six concertos for organ (or harpsichord) and orchestra, published in London ca 1743. Michel Corrette (1707–1795). The French organist-composer Michel Corrette wrote six concertos. Marianus Königsperger (1708–1769). The German composer Marianus Königsperger wrote six concertos and two pastorellas for organ and string orchestra, with two trumpets or horns "ad libitum", Op. 18 ("Certamen musicum  complectens VI. concerta communia et II. pastoritia", Augustae-Vindelicorum: sumptibus Joannis Jacobi Lotteri Haeredum, 1754). Georg von Reutter (1708–1772). The Austrian composer Georg von Reutter wrote a concerto in F major for organ (or harpsichord) and string orchestra. Thomas Arne (1710–1778). The English composer Thomas Arne composed six concertos. Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714–1788). The German composer Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach wrote several concertos for keyboard instrument (organ as one possible option), including the following: Georg Christoph Wagenseil (1715–1777). The Austrian composer Georg Christoph Wagenseil wrote several concertos for organ (or harpsichord) and string orchestra, of which six were published  in London in 1761 and another set of six also in London by Welcker ca 1765. Johann Georg Zechner (1716–1778). The Austrian composer Johann Georg Zechner wrote at least four concertos for keyboard instrument and (string) orchestra; either one of them or another work in F major is recorded by Franz Haselböck and Capella Academica Wien, conducted by Eduard Melkus, as an organ concerto: "Allegro" – "Adagio" – "Presto" (Hänssler Classic CD 94.052). Joseph Anton Xaver Auffmann (ca 1720–1773 or later). The German composer Joseph Anton Xaver Auffmann wrote at least three concertos for organ and chamber orchestra, Op. 1 ("Triplex concentus  organicus, seu III. concerti organici à octo instrumentis", Augustæ-Vindelicorum: sumptibus Joannis Jacobi Lotteri Hæredum, 1754). Antonio Soler (1729–1783). The Spanish composer Antonio Soler wrote six concertos for two organs (without other instruments): František Xaver Brixi (1732–1771). The Czech composer František Xaver Brixi wrote at least six concertos for organ (or harpsichord) and chamber orchestra, e.g.: Joseph Haydn (1732–1809). The Austrian composer Joseph Haydn wrote at least three concertos for organ: Besides these, several of his keyboard concertos are performed with organ. There are also works attributed him, dubiously or spuriously: Johann Georg Albrechtsberger (1736–1809). The Austrian composer Johann Georg  Albrechtsberger wrote a concerto in B-flat major for organ and string orchestra, dated 1762, and published as volume 1 in "Musica rinata" series (Budapest: Zenemükiadó, 1964). Michael Haydn (1737–1806). The Austrian composer Michael Haydn wrote concerto MH 41 in C major for viola and organ (or harpsichord) with orchestra, dated 19 December 1761 (the year is uncertain). Sir William Herschel (1738–1822). The German-born English astronomer and composer Sir William Herschel wrote at least two concertos for organ and orchestra: Johann Baptist Waṅhal (1739–1813). The Czech-born Austrian composer Johann Baptist Waṅhal wrote at least nine organ concertos, which  are only known from the inventory of the composer's estate. Concerto Bryan F1 in F major for harpsichord or piano and orchestra, composed no later than 1786, is edited and published in 1973 as an organ concerto in "Diletto musicale" series. Marian Paradeiser (1747–1775). The Austrian composer Marian Paradeiser wrote a concertino for organ (or harpsichord), violin, violoncello and orchestra; a manuscript of this work is kept in the library of the Melk Abbey in Melk, Austria. Antonio Salieri (1750–1825). Italian-born Austrian composer Antonio Salieri wrote an organ concerto in C major in 1773. Manuscript of this work  is in the collections of the National Library of Austria. An edition, by J.S. Hettrick, in published in Vienna in 1981. Karel Blažej Kopřiva (1756–1785). The Czech composer Karel Blažej Kopřiva wrote at least eight concertos for organ and orchestra, but only the one in E-flat major for organ and chamber orchestra, with movements "Allegro moderato" – "Adagio" – "Allegro di giusto", is known to have survived. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791). The Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote seventeen Church Sonatas, in eight of which the organ has an "obbligato" solo part: Balthasar Anton Pfeyll (18th century). A Central-European composer  Balthasar Anton Pfeyll (Balthasarus Antonius Pfeyll) composed at least one concerto in D major for organ and chamber orchestra (two horns, strings, bass): "Allegro" [and other movements?] (manuscript: Kloster Einsiedeln, Musikbibliothek, Einsiedeln: 18,19 (Ms.1837); RISM 400012780). Matteo Andruzzi (fl. 1785). The Italian composer Matteo Andruzzi wrote at least one concerto in C major for organ and orchestra (manuscript: Škofijski arhiv, Koper: GA XXI/17; RISM 540.200.227). Skitner. An unrecognised Central-European composer called Skitner wrote at last one concerto in D major for organ and chamber orchestra, dated before 1802: "Allegro (assai)" – "Allegro assai" (manuscript at the Landesbibliothek Coburg: Ms Mus  374/1.52; RISM 450.107.181; another manuscript: Národní knihovna České republiky, Prague: no sigla; RISM 552.000.678). Matthew Camidge (1764–1844). The English composer Matthew Camidge wrote six concertos (suites), Op. 13, for solo organ, published in London tentatively in 1815, with a note that "The author in this work has endeavoured to imitate the particular style of music which has been so long admired namely that of Handel & Corelli". Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (1839–1901). The Liechtenstein-born German composer Josef Gabriel Rheinberger wrote two concertos for organ and orchestra: Alexandre Guilmant (1837–1911). Félix-Alexandre Guilmant Alexandre Guilmant, wrote two of his organ sonatas in  two versions , one as a symphony for organ and orchestra: