Pluton (complex)
Pluton (1980s – "Pluton-M") is a system of deep space communications and planetary radar in Crimea. It was built in the Deep-Space Communication Center area Eighty-Fifth Radiotechnical Center of Distance Communications with Space Objects; (); (); near Yevpatoria in 1960, and consists of at least three antennas. Three of them are of the ADU-1000 design, an assembly of eight reflector antennas, each with diameter of 16 metres. At the North Station, two receiving antennas were built, and a transmitter was constructed 8.5 kilometres away at the South Station. Each receiving dish has a Cassegrain system with subreflectors mounted  on quadrapods in front of the dishes. The dishes were welded onto the hulls of two diesel submarines and laid down onto railway bridge trusses. The ADU-1000 antennas were mounted onto steerable frames constructed from battleship gun turrets and railway bridge trusses. The Pluton complex supported all the Soviet space programs until 1978, when the Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope was built, then the Pluton became a backup system for the RT-70. The Pluton complex was the world's highest capacity deep space communication system prior to Goldstone in 1966. In 1961 it performed one of the world's first radar  detection of the planet Venus. In June 1962 it performed the world's first successful radar detection of the planet Mercury . In February 1963 it performed successful radar detection of the planet Mars. In September–October 1963 it performed successful radar detection of the planet Jupiter. On the 19th and the 24th of November 1962, the words «MIR», «LENIN», and «SSSR» were sent in the direction of the star HD131336 in the constellation Libra. These messages (The Morse Message (1962)) are the first radio broadcasts for extraterrestrial civilizations in the history of mankind. The first Westerner to visit the site  was British radio astronomer Bernard Lovell, the Director of the Jodrell Bank Observatory. In 2009, Lovell told "The Daily Telegraph" that he had developed radiation sickness after the 1963 visit, which he believed was a deliberate attempt by the Soviet authorities, who knew Jodrell Bank was part of the British early-warning system, to assassinate him. Sometime around November 11, 2013, one (transmitter) of the three antennas was dismantled. Missions. As Deep space communication system: As Planetary radar: Radio Astronomy: