Alfredo Bryce
Alfredo Bryce Echenique (born February 19, 1939) is a Peruvian writer born in Lima. He has written numerous books and short stories. Early days. Bryce was born to an Peruvian family of upper class, related to the Scottish-Peruvian businessman John Weddle Bryce (1817 in Edinburgh – 9 March 1888), ancestor of the Marquesses of Milford-Haven and of the Duchesses of Abercon and Westminster. He was the third son and the fourth of the five children of the banker Francisco Bryce Arróspide and his wife, Elena Echenique Basombrío, granddaughter of the former President José Rufino Echenique. Bryce studied  elementary education at Inmaculado Corazón school, and high school at Santa María school and Saint Paul's College, a British boarding school for boys in Lima. Upon the wish of his family, Bryce Echenique studied law at the National University of San Marcos, where he obtained his degree in 1964. His literary interest nevertheless prevailed and so, shortly afterwards, he completed a parallel Bachelor of Arts in literature with a thesis on Ernest Hemingway in 1963. In 1988 he adopted Spanish nationality without losing his Peruvian one. Literary career. He received a grant from the French government which, like many  other Latin American authors of the "boom period", led him to Paris in 1964. At the Sorbonne he studied classic and contemporary French literature for one academic year. Between 1965 and 1966 he subsequently lived in Peruggia, Mykonos and Germany, where he moved to study German thanks to a grant from the Goethe-Institut. Bryce returned to France and taught Spanish in a school at Le Maurais from 1967 to 1968. This year, he published his first book "Huerto Cerrado" and the next year became a lecturer of Latin American literature at Paris Nanterre University and since 1971 at the  Sorbonne. In 1970 he had been published "A World for Julius". In 1972 he was awarded the Peruvian National Prize for Literature and in 1973 he entered as an assistant lecturer to the University of Vincennes (Paris VIII). A few years later in 1975, Bryce received a Guggenheim grant and obtained a master's degree in comparative literature from Vincennes. In 1977, he returned to Peru and received his doctoral degree from San Marcos University with a thesis on Henri de Montherlant. In 1980 he moved to Montpellier, where he entered the Paul Valéry University as a professor. In 1984 , Bryce settled down in Spain living first in Barcelona and since 1989 in Madrid. In 1997, he returned to Peru, where he currently lives. His first book "Huerto Cerrado" published in 1968, was a finalist for the "Casa de las Américas" literary prize awarded in Cuba and is a collection of short stories written in different styles and points of view about a young protagonist, Manolo, a member of Lima's upper class, as he comes of age in 1950s Lima. This was followed by his first novel, "Un Mundo para Julius," published in 1970 that became a big success  and counts today as one of the classics of Latin American literature. The novel, which has since been translated into ten languages, tells the story of a young boy who grows up as the youngest of four children of a rich, Peruvian upper-class family. Although Julius actually belongs to the ruling classes he feels a stronger bond with the servants which surround him and this brings him into conflict with his family. With biting irony the author exposes, through the eyes of a child, the great social differences in Peruvian society. Recent successes. "Un mundo para Julius" marks for  Bryce Echenique the start of an extremely productive literary career, in which he has until today written nearly twenty novels and story volumes. "I am an author of the second half of the 20th century." Despite this declaration and his spatial and temporal closeness to other Latin American authors of the "boom generation", Bryce Echenique keeps a conscious distance from his colleagues who he sometimes refers to as "nouveau riche". That his style, as one critic once said, corresponds more to an ironic than a magic realism, is also shown by the author in one of his latest novels: "La  amigdalitis de Tarzán" from 1999. Largely in the form of letters, the novel relates the story of the hindered romantic relationship between a poor Peruvian troubadour and the daughter of an influential Salvadoran family. Similar to his heroes, Alfredo Bryce Echenique also lived for decades far from his home city of Lima to which he only returned in 1999. Also that year he was granted an honorary degree by the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Claims of plagiarism. In March, 2007, Peruvian Diplomat Oswaldo de Rivero wrote an article for the newspaper El Comercio of Lima, Peru accusing Bryce  of writing an article "Potencias sin poder" that was an almost exact copy of one written by de Rivero in the magazine "Quehacer" in March, 2005. Bryce responded saying the article had been submitted in error by his secretary. Juan Carlos Bondy subsequently found evidence that Bryce had earlier plagiarized the article "Amistad, bendito tesoro" by Ángel Esteban that had appeared in La Nación of Argentina in December, 1996. Bryce has also been accused of plagiarizing articles by Graham E. Fuller and Herbert Morote. Journalism professor María Soledad de la Cerda found sixteen other instances of plagiarism which were found  as a result of research for her course in investigative journalism.