Volume 2003, Issue 4, 2003 Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg - Volume 2003, Issue 4, January 2003 Navigate this Journal About Previous issues Volumes & issues
Volume 2015 (2015) Volume 2014 (2014) Volume 2013 (2013) Volume 2012 (2012) Volume 2011 (2011) Volume 2010 (2010) Volume 2009 (2009) Volume 2008 (2008) Volume 2007 (2007) Volume 2006 (2006) Volume 2005 (2005) Volume 2004 (2004) Volume 2003 (2003) Volume 2003, Issue 4, January 2003 (0)
Is the end of environmental law&apos;s laissez-faire make-up in sight?
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 599 –621 (2003)
Is die einde van omgewingsreg se laissez-faire beeld in sig?
As &apos;n produk van hoofsaaklik nie-bindende internasionale normskeppende instrumente is omgewingsreg dikwels gesien as &apos;n laissez-faire stelsel wat sigself orïenteer aan die willekeur van state. Wat egter in die jongste tyd aan die gebeur is, is dat die fokus van normskepping verskuif het na normafdwinging. Hierdie verskuiwing is hoofsaaklik die produk van die aanvaarding deur state van &apos;n groeiende aantal bindende multi-laterale konvensies wat onder andere die verpligting meebring dat state effektiewe wetgewende en ander maatreëls moet tref om uitvoering aan hulle internasionale verpligtinge op nasionale vlak te gee. Die Johannesburgse Spitsberaad van 2002 in die besonder het die temas van effektiewe afdwinging and strenger nakoming van omgewingsregnorme sake van groot belang gemaak. Die internasionale debat in hierdie verband sentreer om hoofsaaklik drie begrippe: nakoming, afdwinging en aanspreeklikheid. In hierdie artikel word die belangrikste ontwikkelings rondom hierdie begrippe in behandeling geneem.
Internet law : metatags and trade mark infringement (part 1)
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 622 –634 (2003)
Many United States courts have ruled upon the question whether the use of someone else&apos;s trade mark name as a metatag constitutes trade mark infringement and/or unfair competition. The purpose of this discussion is to: (1) explain the concept "metatag"; (2) discuss why United States courts maintain that the use of someone else&apos;s trade mark name as a metatag does not constitute trade mark infringement and/or unfair competition under given circumstances; and (3) determine whether such use constitutes trade mark infringement and/or unlawful competition in terms of the South African Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993 and the South African common law.
Psyche and sacrifice
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 635 –651 (2003)
Psige en opoffering
Hierdie artikel neem Kant se definisie van die reg en die konsep van versoening (Vereinbarung) wat Kant daarin besig en problematiseer dit aan die hand van gedagtes van Duncan Kennedy, Jacques Derrida, Frank Michelman en veral Jean-Luc Nancy. Die artikel verduidelik uiteindelik die juridiese resolusie van konflik en die moontlikheid van versoening tussen partye betrokke by konflik in die lig van &apos;n voortgesette tydsverloop waarin alle belange sover as moontlik en so lank as moontlik in spel gehou word. Dit poog sodoende weg te beweeg van die opvatting van versoening as &apos;n eenmalige en afsluitbare gebeurtenis wat opgevolg word deur &apos;n gelukkige toestand of staat van versoening waarin daar geen verdere versoening nodig is nie.
Wederregtelikheidsbewussyn as misdaadvereiste in &apos;n liberale en plurale regstaat : stel die onderwerping van &apos;n bona fide persoon aan strafsanksies onregmatige uitoefening van staatsgesag daar?
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 652 –676 (2003)
Consciousness of unlawfulness as element of crime in a liberal and plural constitutional state : does subjecting a bona fide person to criminal sanctions amount to unlawful execution of state power?
This article investigates the modern status of the maxim ignorantia iuris neminem excusat in criminal law. It is pointed out that Anglo-American legal systems, with few exceptions, still adhere strictly to this maxim. In German law error iuris constitutes a defence only if ignorance of the law was unavoidable. Unavoidability is determined with specific reference to the individual competencies, abilities and circumstances of the accused. Since 1977 error iuris is a complete defence on a criminal charge in South Africa. In support of this approach, it is maintained that subjecting a bona fide person to criminal sanctions amounts to the illegitimate execution of state power. The approach in German criminal law can therefore be supported only to the extent that unavoidable ignorance of the law covers the same ground as dolus eventualis in South African criminal law.
The Satchwell report : an analysis of and comment on the findings of the Road Accident Fund Commission
Daleen Van der Nest
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 677 –703 (2003)
Die Satchwell verslag : &apos;n analise van en kommentaar op die bevindinge van die Padongelukkefonds kommissie
In Suid-Afrika is padongelukke ongelukkig heel algemeen. Satchwell R is aangestel as voorsitter van die Padongelukkefonds kommissie op 1 Junie 1999. In &apos;n omvattende verslag (gepubliseer gedurende 2002) is &apos;n aantal aanbevelings gemaak oor die toekoms van hierdie skema. Hierdie artikel poog om die belangrikste van hierdie aanbevelings aan te dui, te analiseer en te evalueer. Die artikel poog ook om die huidige sisteem te kontrasteer met sodanige aanbevelings. Dit is duidelik dat indien die aanbevole wysigings sou realiseer dat die huidige sisteem van vergoeding vir slagoffers van padongelukke ingrypend sal verander. Die voorgestelde bedeling sal in lyn wees met &apos;n sosiale sekerheid sisteem waar sekere vaste voordele uitbetaalbaar is (ongeag werklike skade gely) aan persone wat daarvoor kwalifiseer. Die nuwe bedeling sal voorts nie op fout gebaseer wees nie en gevolglik blyk dit dat persone verantwoordelik vir ongelukke dus aanspreeklik gehou sal kan word deur slagoffers (vir enige skade bo en behalwe dié reeds goed gemaak deur die fonds).
Geskiedenis van die manlike eersgeboortereël in die inheemse reg : oorsig van regspraak
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 704 –722 (2003)
History of the male primogeniture rule in customary law
This article traces the development of the customary male primogeniture rule through the decisions of the now abolished commissioner&apos;s courts. The decisions can be grouped into those confirming the male primogeniture rule, and those explaining the nature of the rights to the deceased estate of the widow and the heir.
Enkele gedagtes oor deliktuele eisoorsake en toekomstige skade : aantekeninge
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 723 –727 (2003)
Die kwessie van eisoorsake en toekomstige skade bied besondere praktiese en teoretiese vraagstukke in die skadevergoedingsreg (sien in die algemeen Visser en Potgieter Law of Damages (2003) 123 ev; Van der Walt Die Sommeskadeleer en die "once and for all&apos;-reël" LLD Unisa (1980) 271 ev; Boberg The Law of Delict (1984) 488). Die werking van bevrydende verjaring ten opsigte van &apos;n vergoedingseis is dikwels in hierdie konteks relevant. Die vraagstuk wat in hierdie bydrae kortliks oorweeg word, is of &apos;n deliktuele eisoorsaak slegs op toekomstige skade gebaseer behoort te word.
Sanctity of contract and players&apos; restraints in South African sport : aantekeninge
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 727 –731 (2003)
While slavery may have been outlawed in all civilised legal systems today, the trade in human beings is still a business in which billions of Rands are turned over annually - and what is more, that trade is legal and is tolerated to some extent by modern legal systems all over the world. This trade takes place within the world of modern professional sport where world class athletes are some of the most valuable commodities known to modern-day commerce. In one way or another, the international and national sports federations attempt to control this trade by means of transfer regulations.
Comments on the Sea Transport Documents Act 65 of 2000 : aantekeninge
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 731 –737 (2003)
South Africa urgently needed modern legislation to govern the transfer of rights and obligations when negotiating bills of lading. The defects of the Bills of Lading Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict c 111), which was generally applicable before the commencement of the Sea Transport Documents Act 65 of 2000 (hereafter the "act"; First National Bank of Southern Africa Ltd in re Bank of India v Kien Hung Shipping SA (Pty) Ltd  CLD 96 (W) 103-104; Admiralty Jurisdiction Regulation Act 105 of 1983 s 6(1)(a); Du Toit The Bill of Lading in South African Law (LL D thesis RAU 2000) 48-49; Girvin "Third party rights under shipping contracts" 1997 SA Merc LJ 97 114-115), have been set out often before and need not be repeated here (see eg, Girvin 111-112; Du Toit 133-136; Treitel and Reynolds Carver on Bills of Lading (2001) 157-158). It is submitted that any legislation in South Africa should have been modelled closely on the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 (hereafter COGSA) in the United Kingdom. (The Sea-Carriage Documents Act 34 of 1998 (South Australia) could also have been examined as a basis for South African legislation.
Recognition of Syariah court orders in Malaysia by foreign courts : aantekeninge
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 738 –747 (2003)
Malaysia is a federation which consists of 13 states and three federal territories. The federal constitution contains three lists of subjects: the federal list, state list and concurrent list (Ibrahim and Joned The Malaysian Legal System (1997)). Civil and criminal law, including family law, are within the competence of the federal government and legislature except for Muslim personal law and native law and custom which fall within the jurisdiction of the state government and legislature. In the states of Sabah and Sarawak, personal law is placed under the concurrent list.
Notes on the funding of the regulation of the private security industry : aantekeninge
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 748 –752 (2003)
The purpose of this contribution is to describe and evaluate some of the legal provisions providing for the funding of the Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (the authority).
Baadjies v Matubela 2002 3 SA 427 (W) : regspraak
I.P. Maithufi and
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 753 –760 (2003)
This is one of the most interesting cases to be decided by our courts since the coming into operation of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998. The case concerns proof of the existence of a customary marriage which was contracted before 15 November 2000, that is, the date of the commencement of the act. Although not dealt with in this case, it is instructive also as to when oral or additional evidence may be led in proceedings relating to Rule 43 of the Uniform Rules of Court. It has to be indicated at the outset that, in this decision, the date of the coming into operation of the act is erroneously indicated as November 1998 (429 H).
Herverdelingsdiskresie by egskeiding, &apos;n deugsame vrou en pacta sunt servanda : regspraak
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 761 –775 (2003)
Van oudsher word die lof van &apos;n deugsame vrou tereg besing: "Wie sal &apos;n deugsame vrou vind? want haar waarde is ver bo korale" (Spr 31:10). In &apos;n regstelsel wat enige vorm van mensehandel ontgroei het, pas dit weliswaar nie (meer) om &apos;n direkte waarde op die deugsame vrou te plaas asof sy koopbaar is nie, maar &apos;n vorm van erkenning vir haar insette in die gelukkige en suksesvolle gesin kan nie om daardie rede agterweë bly nie.
The final word on the use of force during arrest : regspraak
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 775 –783 (2003)
Section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 (the act), authorises the use of force when carrying out an arrest. The section provides for two different scenarios: section 49(1) provides for those cases where the force applied in the suspect&apos;s apprehension did not bring about his death, whilst section 49(2) authorises the killing of a suspect who resists arrest or takes flight, provided that he has committed an offence listed in schedule 1 of the act or is reasonably suspected to have committed such an offence. In view of the serious inroads these provisions had on especially the right to life and the right to dignity, it is not surprising that both the highest courts in the land were, within a short period of time, called upon to pronounce on the constitutionality of these provisions.
Die hoogste hof van appèl bevestig die uitdyende verantwoordelikheid van die staat om die reg op die fisies-psigiese integriteit in die lig van die grondwet te beskerm : regspraak
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 783 –792 (2003)
Die konstitusionele hof se beslissing in Carmichele v Minister of Safety and Security (Centre for Applied Legal Studies Intervening) (2001 4 SA 938 (KH); sien Neethling en Potgieter "Toepassing van die grondwet op die deliktereg" 2002 THRHR 265 ev; Neethling "Aanspreeklikheid vir &apos;nuwe&apos; risiko&apos;s: moontlikhede en beperkinge van die Suid-Afrikaanse deliktereg" 2002 THRHR 285-288) dat daar in die lig van die grondwet &apos;n algemene plig op howe rus om die deliktereg (as deel van die gemenereg) te ontwikkel met inagneming van die gees, strekking en oogmerke van die handves van regte, en dat die deliktereg inderdaad ontwikkel moet word om beter beskerming te verleen aan onder meer die reg op sekerheid van die persoon as verskanste fundamentele reg, het duidelik as stimulus vir die uitsprake in Van Duivenboden en Van Eeden gedien.
The physical appearance of learners in public schools : regspraak
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 792 –796 (2003)
The public school system still displays a number of characteristics of the pre-constitutional era. Although the ignorance or unwillingness of school leadership to recognise the constitutional rights of learners may be blamed for this situation (Van Staden 2000 South African J of Education 300), the impact of the prevailing uncertainty regarding the interpretation and application of these rights should not be underestimated. One of the areas of uncertainty is the legality of the continued prescription of school uniforms and the enforcement of rules on the physical appearance of learners. This recent judgement sheds some light on the interpretation and application of such rules and prescriptions.
Contract contrary to public policy : the cash loan debacle : regspraak
Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg 2003, pp 797 –804 (2003)
Reduced to its barest essentials, a "cash loan" is a money-lending transaction in terms of which one party, namely the lender, advances funds to another person, the borrower, for use and thereafter repays the capital amount together with interest and related expenses such as administrative fees. To this extent a cash loan is no different from an ordinary "money-lending transaction" which as defined in section 1 of the Usury Act 73 of 1968 means "any transaction which, whatever its form may be, and whether or not it forms part of another transaction, is substantially of money lending".