Hyperon
In particle physics, a hyperon is any baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. History and research. The first research into hyperons happened in the 1950s, and spurred physicists on to the creation of an organized classification of particles. The term was coined by French physicist Louis Leprince-Ringuet in 1953, and announced for the first time at the cosmic ray conference at Bagnères de Bigorre in July of that year, agreed upon by Leprince -Ringuet, Rossi, Powell, Fretter and Peters. Today, research in this area is carried out on data taken at many facilities around the world, including CERN, Fermilab, SLAC, JLAB, Brookhaven National Laboratory, KEK, GSI and others. Physics topics include searches for CP violation, measurements of spin, studies of excited states (commonly referred to as "spectroscopy"), and hunts for exotic states such as pentaquarks and dibaryons. Properties and behavior. Being baryons, all hyperons are fermions. That is, they have half-integer spin and obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Hyperons all interact via the strong nuclear force, making them types of hadron. They are  composed of three light quarks, at least one of which is a strange quark, which makes them strange baryons. Ground-state hyperons decay weakly with non-conserved parity. Excited hyperon resonances typically decay by strong decays to the ground-state hyperons, as shown in the table below. List. Notes: It takes multiple flavor-changing weak decays for it to decay into a proton or neutron. Murray Gell-Mann's and Yuval Ne'eman's SU(3) model (sometimes called the Eightfold Way) predicted this hyperon's existence, mass and that it will only undergo weak decay processes. Experimental evidence for its existence  was discovered in 1964 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Further examples of its formation and observation using particle accelerators confirmed the SU(3) model.