Popiah
Popiah () is a Fujianese/Teochew-style fresh spring roll. "Popiah" is often eaten in the Fujian province of China (usually in Xiamen) and its neighbouring Chaoshan (and by the Teochew and Hoklo diaspora in various regions throughout Southeast Asia) and in Taiwan (due to the majority of Taiwanese being Hoklo), during the Qingming Festival. The origin of popiah dates back to the 17th century. Etymology. In the Chaoshan dialect, popiah is pronounced as /poʔ˩piã˥˧/ (), which means "thin wafer". In varieties of Hokkien, it is also commonly referred to as /lun˩piã˥˧/ (), which is the etymological origin of "lumpia" in Indonesia  and the Philippines. It is referred to as "rùnbǐng" () or "báobǐng" () in Mandarin, and also as "bópíjuǎn" (). Wrapper and fillings. A "popiah" "skin" () is a soft, thin paper-like crepe or pancake made from wheat flour. The method of producing the wrapper involves making an extremely wet and viscous dough. A ball of this dough is held to the right hand, then quickly "rubbed" (擦薄餅皮, Hokkien: chhat po̍h-piáⁿ phê, literally "to rub a popiah crepe") against a hot steel plate in a circular fashion, and lifted. Through this process, a very thin layer of the wet dough adheres to  the plate and begins to cook. The upper surface of the crepe is then usually cleaned of excess pieces of dough using the dough ball through a dabbing process. When the dough has been cooked to completion, it is peeled off of the hot steel plate before being removed. The rubbing is typically done over two or three plates at once, which allows the baker to continuously produce crepes and gives the proper time for each crepe to be properly cooked. It is eaten in accompaniment with a sweet sauce (often a bean sauce), a blended soy sauce or hoisin  sauce or a shrimp paste sauce (hae-ko, ), and optionally with hot chilli sauce before it is filled. The filling is mainly finely grated and steamed or stir-fried turnip, jicama (known locally as "bangkuang"), which has been cooked with a combination of other ingredients such as bean sprouts, French beans, and lettuce leaves, depending on the individual vendor, along with grated carrots, slices of Chinese sausage, thinly sliced fried tofu, chopped peanuts or peanut powder, fried shallots, and shredded omelette. Other common variations of popiah include pork (lightly seasoned and stir-fried), shrimp or crab meat. Seaweed is often  included in the Xiamen versions. Some hawkers in Malaysia and Singapore, especially in non-halal settings, will add fried pork lard. As a fresh spring roll, the "popiah" skin itself is not fried. Two common ways of eating this are holding them like a burrito, which some prefer, while others cut the popiah roll into slices and pick them up with chopsticks. It requires some skill to pick the pieces up with chopsticks. Spoons are seldom provided at the establishments. Types. In mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia there are ""popiah" parties" at home, where the ingredients are laid out  and guests make their own "popiah" with proportions ingredients to their own personal liking. Taiwanese. In Taiwan, "popiah" is called "runbing" () in Mandarin ("jūn-piánn(-kauh)" in Taiwanese Hokkien). The stuffing itself is quite diverse among different places. The basic stuffing includes vegetables that grow in spring, meat and thinly shredded omelette. In some places, they also add noodles, Chinese sausages, stewed vegetables instead of blanched ones, tofu, seafood, sticky rice, and so on. Furthermore, the way of cooking the stuffing is very different as well. In northern Taiwan, the stuffing is flavoured, stir-fired, sometimes it goes with peanut powder , and the sauce is salty. In southern Taiwan, the popiah stuffing is water blanched without additional seasoning, and flavoured primarily with sugar and peanut powder. For people who live in southern Taiwan, the addition of sufficient sugar is key for popiah. Moreover, some people like to heat or steam the spring roll again after it is made. Some food stalls serve popiah filled with ice cream. This is a sweet and savory treat - the ice cream is commonly pineapple, peanut and taro flavored, or these three flavors swirled together. The vendor will have a giant block of peanut candy nearby . They will shave this in front of you to create a bed of peanut shavings on the popiah skin. Then the three scoops of ice cream are placed on the bed. It is customary to add a piece of cilantro before the whole thing is wrapped up and handed to you. Some people have dubbed it an ice-cream burrito. Southeast Asia. In Malaysia and Singapore, "popiah" is part of Chinese cuisine of these two countries. However, in both countries, as well as in Brunei, "popiah" especially the fried variant is also popular as part of local street food. In  Vietnam, "bò bía" is the Vietnamese variant of popiah, introduced by Teochew immigrants. It is common to see an old Teochew man or woman selling bò bía at their roadside stand. In Thai cuisine, two types of "popia" () are popular: "popia sot" (fresh spring roll) and "popia thot" (deep-fried spring roll). In addition, Thai cuisine has also incorporated the Vietnamese "summer roll" under the name "kuaitiao lui suan" (). While in Burma/Myanmar, it is known as kawpyan (ကော်ပြန့်). Similar foods in other cuisines include the Indonesian "Lumpia Basah" and the Filipino "lumpiang sariwa" spring rolls which are served with  peanut sauce, etymologically derived from the Hokkien name Lum Pia. Majority of ethnic Chinese in both countries are of Hokkien origin.