Karlsruhe (district)
Karlsruhe is a "Landkreis" (district) in the northwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from north clockwise) Rhein-Neckar, Heilbronn, Enz, Calw, Rastatt, Germersheim, Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis and the district-free city Speyer. The urban district Karlsruhe ("Stadtkreis Karlsruhe"), which contains the City of Karlsruhe, is located in the middle of the district, and partially cuts it into a northern and a southern part. History. The historic origin of the district is the "Oberamt Karlsruhe". In 1809 it was split into one part responsible for the city Karlsruhe (Stadtamt), and one for the surrounding municipalities (Landamt). In  1865 however both parts were merged again to the "Bezirksamt Karlsruhe". 1938 it was split again, this time with the district of Karlsruhe for the surrounding part, and the urban district of Karlsruhe for the urban area. In 1973 the district was enlarged by adding the complete district of Bruchsal and parts of the districts Sinsheim, Vaihingen, Pforzheim and Rastatt; some municipalities were also added to the city Karlsruhe and therefore left the district. Since the founding of the Federal Republic, Karlsruhe has been the seat of the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht), Germany's highest. Geography. The western part of  the district is located in the Rhine valley. The area in the east belongs to the landscape of the "Kraichgau", and it is also to the north of the foothills of the Black Forest. Coat of arms. The top-left quarter of the coat of arms shows the symbol of Baden, as a large part of the Karlsruhe district belonged to Baden historically. The cross in the top-right is the symbol of the clerical state of Speyer. The three deer antlers in the bottom-right are the symbol of the state of Württemberg, and in the bottom-left is  the symbol of the Wittelsbach family. Partnerships/Twin regions. The Karlsruhe district partners with the following sister regions outside of Germany: Within Germany, the Karlsruhe district has a partnership with the Saxon district Mittelsachsen, which was formed in 2008 through a merger of the former districts Döbeln, Freiberg und Mittweida; this relationship dates from 1990 when Karlsruhe district first partnered with Döbeln.