1932 in Italy
Events from the year 1932 in Italy. Economy. In 1932, the Great Depression touches its peak in Italy too. The unemployed are officially a million (a quarter of the workforce) but the real cipher is even higher; the industrial production is 85% of the one in 1929. The fascist regime answers with a politic of dirigisme, encouraging fusions and business alliances (Law 834) and realizing great public Works, widely publicized but insufficient to solve the problem. The deficit of the state passes from 504 million liras (budget year 1931) to 3 billion 587 million liras. The three  main Italian shipping lines (NGI, Lloyd Sabaudo and Cosoluch STN) merge in the Italia Flotte Riunite. The ICO becomes a S. A. and changes name in Olivetti S. p. A.; the direction passes from Camillo Olivetti to the son Adriano. The firm presents MP1, the first portable typewriter. Art. Beside the monumentalism of Marcello Piacentini, the official architect of the regime, the rationalist school flourishes too: Giuseppe Terragni begins the Casa del Fascio in Como and Giuseppe Pagano (director of Casabella, organ of the movement) the Institute of Physic in Rome. In Milan, the BBPR studio and the estate FontanaArte  (producing glass lamps, designed by Giò Ponti) are constituted. Inauguration of the Pinacoteca Nazionale in Siena. Amedeo Maiuri excavates the cave of the Sybil in Pozzuoli. Culture. Edoardo Weiss founds the Italian Psychoanalytic Society and the "Italian Revue of Psychoanalysis". First issue of La settimana enigmistica and Topolino, again now two of the most popular weeklies in Italy. Literature. Cesare Pavese begins its literary work, with "Ciau Masin" (a collection of poems and tales, published postuously) and the translation of Moby Dick. Hermeticism is the prevailing poetic movement, with Salvatore Quasimodo ("Oboe sommerso") and the debuting Alfonso Gatto ("Isola"). UTET  launches the series of books for children "La scala d’oro". Theatre. The Neapolitan De Filippo brothers (Eduardo, Titina and Peppino) get fame nationwide, thanks to the success of "Natale in Casa Cupiello" (premiered in Christmas 1931.) In the year, the company stages three new plays ("Ditegli sempre di sì, Gennariniello, Chi è cchiu' felice 'e me!") and seven single acts by Eduardo, beyond various pieces by Peppino and other authors.  Cinema. In 1932, the Italian cinema is, overall, in a period of stasis with 18 feature films produced and only 2 companies active (Cines and Caesar Film). Cines under the  direction of the writer Emilio Cecchi produces a series of valuable art documentaries and establishes a dubbing studio of its own (previously, the Italian versions of the foreign movies were realized abroad). Renè Clair's "A nous la libertè" is the first film dubbed in Italy, with the voice of Gino Cervi. The production is composed mostly by escapist comedies (Telefoni bianchi): "Five to nil" and "Three lucky fools" by Mario Bonnard, "One night with" you by Ferruccio Biancini, "The telephone operator" by Nunzio Malasomma, "The last" "adventure" by Mario Camerini. Besides, some films about opera ("Pergolesi", by Guido Brignone ) and two propaganda movies exalting the bravery of the Italian people (the aviation docudrama "The blue fleet" by Gennaro Righelli and the sport drama "Palio", by Alessandro Blasetti) are realized. Two films are on a higher level: "The table of the poor", by Alessandro Blasetti, a dramedy about the Neaples fallen noblemen and "What scoundrel men are!" by Mario Camerini, idyll between two commoners, a car-driver, and a saleswoman. The Camerini's film, considered a forerunner of neo-realism, makes the young protagonist Vittorio de Sica a movie star and launches the song "Parlami d’amore Mariù". In September, Venice  hosts the First International Film Festival. Science. In Cambridge, Giuseppe Occhialini, in collaboration with Patrick Blackett, studies the creation process of the positron.  In Genoa, Guglielmo Marconi lights by radio the Sydney Exposition in Australia. Sport. Italian victories. Oddone Piazza is the first Italian boxer to compete for the world title (middleweight), against William “Gorilla” Jones. Gold metals. At the 1932 Summer Olympics, Italy gets 12 gold, 12 silver and 12 bronze metals (all male).