Torbat-e Heydarieh
Torbat-e Heydarieh (, also Romanized as Torbat-e Ḩeydarīyeh; also known as Torbat-e Heydari, Turbat-i-Haidari, Torbate Heydari, and Turbet-i-Haidari, and for short Torbat) is a city and capital of Torbat-e Heydarieh County, in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119,390, in 31,869 families. The closest major city to Torbat is Mashhad and it is 157 Kilometers away. The name "Torbat" in Persian means "Burial place", thus the name of the city means "Burial Place of Heydar" named after Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar a Sufi mystic whose  tomb lies in the heart of the city. In ancient times this city was known as Zaveh and in the 19th century it was known as "Torbat-e Ishaq Khan" or "Torbat-e Isa Khan" after Ishaq Khan Qaraei the powerful chief of the local Qarai Turks who ruled as a semi-autonomous governor of Torbat-e Heydarieh from 1775 to 1816. It derives its present name from the "turbet" or tomb of a holy man named Kutb ed din Haidar, the founder of the ascetic sect of dervishes known as the Haidaris. He died c. 1230 and is buried  in a large domed building a short distance outside the town. The city is located in the center of Khorasan province in Iran. This city is famous for its Zafaran lands. It has the first rank in the world for producing Saffron or "Zafaran" in Persian. It is also known as the "Capital of Red Gold of Iran" due to having the highest planting and production of Iranian saffron. History. Following the Mongol invasion of Iran, the people of Zaveh (Old Torbat) were the first victims of the Mongol invasion. At the same time, Qutbuddin Haidar, a famous sixth-century  mystic who had long resided in the city of Zaveh, died. Torbat-e Heydarieh became a city after the Safavid period. In fact, the city flourished about two hundred years ago, during the reign of Ishaq Khan Qaraei, one of the Khans and political figures of the Qajar era. Ishaq Khan renovated and developed the city and it created such a change in the city that this city has been known as Ishaq Khan Torbat for a long time. Prior to World War II, the British and Russian consulates were located in Torbat-e Heydarieh, in the Bagh-e-Soltani  area of ​​the city, indicating the city's political and economic importance at the time. Language and people. The people of Torbat Heydariyeh speak Persian and Khorasani dialect. The dialect of the people of Torbat Heydariyeh is very close to the dialect of other cities of Khorasan, especially the dialect of Mashhad. Books of poems with Torbati accent such as Samandar Khan Salar written by Ali Akbar Abbasi Fahandari and also Torbati shout by Mohammad Ghahraman have been written. population. According to the general census of 2016, the population of this city was 140,019 people (in 43,029 households), which in  this regard is ranked fourth in the province. The total population of Torbat Heydariyeh is 224,626 people. Until 1372, the city of Torbat Heydariyeh had the second largest population in the province of Greater Khorasan after Mashhad, which was divided into 5 cities, its rank was reduced. Mines and industries. Torbat Heydariyeh has two industrial towns and the most important industrial production units of the city include Torbat Heydariyeh Sugar Factory, Zarmehr Gold, Zarrin Tile, Kaolin Factory, also products such as milk and dairies, flour, cumin and cotton gin, animal feed and silk works.