Ri Kōran (film)
Plot. The film follows Li Xianglan/Ri Koran's life from childhood to adulthood, portraying her tragic identity crisis and internal cross-cultural conflict. Born Yoshiko Yamaguchi in 1920 to well-educated Japanese expatriates in increasingly Japanese-dominated northeastern China, she was raised in a multi-ethnic, transnational social circle consisting of various Chinese, Japanese and European acquaintances, many of whom hail from an intellectual or artistic background. The film details her friendship with Lyuba Monosova Gurinets, the daughter of a Russian aristocratic family exiled by the 1917 Revolution and learned music from the Italian soprano Madam  Podresov, who was married into exiled Russian aristocracy. Her father was an expert in Chinese history and literature, and belonged to a group of transnational Japanese intellectuals who wanted to build a pan-Asian utopia through Sino-Japanese cooperation. While her family was very fond and close to Chinese culture, as a child, she witnesses the brutalities of Japanese colonialism and imperialism against Chinese people firsthand, epitomized in a violent scene where her friendly Chinese neighbour was tied to a tree and bloodily beaten by Japanese soldiers for suspected anti-Japanese activities. These traumatic episodes cause her to internalize her  Japanese heritage as a marker of oppression, inducing guilt in the young child. In 1931, Japan invades northeastern China and establishes the pro-Japanese puppet state Manchukuo. At this time, Yoshiko was enrolled in a Beijing high school under the Chinese name Pan Shuhua, and was assumed to be Chinese by most of her peers. At a student gathering passionately denouncing Japanese aggression, Shuhua was asked what she would do if Japanese troops reached Beijing. She replies, "I want to stand atop Beijing's city walls and have bullets pierce through my body." Her classmates enthusiastically applaud her, assuming she  meant she would use her own body to defend Beijing against Japanese invasion. However, as visually represented through a fiery dream sequence where Chinese and Japanese bullets shatter her from both sides, she was really expressing her helplessness in being caught in the crossfires of two nations she loved dearly. As she blossoms into a beautiful young lady, the Manchukuo Film Association, or Man'ei for short, recruits her, and she swiftly rises to fame as a popular singer and film actress. She uses the Chinese name Li Xianglan or its Japanese pronunciation equivalent Ri Koran as her stage name during  the Manchukuo era. However, in that highly politicized era, becoming a pop cultural icon entailed becoming a propaganda tool for powerful forces beyond Li Xianglan's control. Li stars in many Man'ei films that promoted Manchukuo's official ideology and multiethnic unity policy. Li's rise to fame is one of the most successful projects that sought to embody the theme of ethnic harmony in Man'ei films. She represents the pan-Asian imaginary rather than a fixed singular ethnic figure, typically involving a non-Japanese female character falling in love with a Japanese male. She is named the "Goodwill Ambassador  for Manchukuo-Japanese Friendship," a title she cherished and truly believed in. However, even as a renowned celebrity, she faces racism; on a trip to Japan, Li is dressed in a qipao, and is stopped by a Japanese soldier. Upon checking her papers, the soldier angrily reprimands and insults her, shouting that a superior Japanese should not wear the fashion of the inferior races. These episodes slowly make Li realize the hypocrisy of the official rhetoric, and she feels guilty of representing propaganda characters. The war draws to a close with Japan's defeat and the collapse of Manchukuo. Li  (despite having faced racial discrimination on her trip to Japan) is arrested in Shanghai and charged with treason against China. As tensions rise between the Kuomintang and the Communists, she is scheduled to be put to death by firing squad. Dissatisfied with their daughter's upcoming execution, her parents (at the time both under arrest in Beijing) decide to produce a copy of her birth certificate proving Li is actually an ethnic Japanese by the name of "Yoshiko Yamaguchi" and have Lyuba smuggle it into Shanghai. After the Chinese authorities discover her true identity, all treason charges are dismissed and  she is immediately repatriated to Japan. The film then fast forwards to the late 1990s, when Sino-Japanese relations have normalized, and Li, by then Yoshiko Otaka (a name which she acquired through her marriage to diplomat Hiroshi Otaka), is able to revisit the land of her childhood. In a cemetery, she runs into her childhood friend Lyuba, and the film closes with the two having an emotional reunion. Reception. The film received TV Tokyo's average viewership rates of 9.1% for Ep. 1 and 8.5% for Ep. 2