HMS Pargust
HMS "Pargust" was a Royal Navy warship that was active during World War I. She was a Special Service Vessel (also known as Q-ships) used by the RN in anti-submarine warfare. "Pargust" was active in this role during the last two years of the war, and was successful on one occasion, destroying the U-boat "UC-29". Early career. "Pargust" was built in 1907 as a collier, and was originally named "Vittoria". She had an uneventful peacetime career before the start of World War I. In 1917 she was requisitioned by the Royal Navy for conversion into  a special service vessel. She was taken in hand at Cardiff, and converted for her new role at the Devonport naval base. The collier was armed with five guns, a 4-inch gun and four 12-pounder naval guns, and two torpedo tubes, all in concealed mountings. She was also fitted with a gun in plain sight; as many merchant ships were defensively armed by this stage of the war, "Pargust" would have looked suspicious without it. Q ship crews of this period had evolved the strategy of giving a half-hearted defence before abandoning ship thus reinforcing the impression  they were just helpless merchantmen. She was manned with a volunteer crew and commanded by Commander Gordon Campbell, who transferred with his crew from "Farnborough", another Q ship. She was renamed "Pargust" and commissioned on 28 March 1917. Service history. "Pargust" was assigned to special service duty and based at Queenstown, in Ireland and was active on anti-submarine duties in the Southwest Approaches. On 7 June 1917 "Pargust" was on patrol west of Valentia Island when she encountered "UC-29", which had already sunk three ships in the area. As "Pargust" approached the U-boat’s position "UC 29" fired  a torpedo which hit "Pargust" in the engine room. Campbell made no attempt to avoid this, as he was convinced the only way to allay the suspicions of a U-boat was to allow his ship to be torpedoed, relying on her buoyant cargo to keep her afloat, and obliging the U-boat to surface to finish her off with gun-fire at which point it would be vulnerable to his guns. He had already employed this strategy with "Farnborough", and would do so again, in one of the epic Q-ship actions, with "Dunraven". "Pargust" was hit at 8  am; shortly after Campbell ordered his panic party out, a group masquerading as the merchant crew who abandoned ship in simulated disorder, to further convince the U-boat that it was safe to approach. The U-boat closed in at periscope depth, then circled "Pargust" and her boats in order to inspect her for any signs of concealed weapons. The U-boat then broke surface, intending to interrogate the boat crew, but the boat pulled away, around the steamer's stern, in order to bring the U–boat closer. This was successful, and at 8.36am, when "UC-29" was just 50  yards away, Campbell opened fire. "Pargust's" gunners scored numerous hits on the U-boat, damaging the conning tower particularly, and the crew started to abandon ship, raising their hands in surrender. Campbell ordered cease-fire, at which "UC-29" started to move away on the surface, into the surrounding mist. At this, and to prevent the U-boat escaping ("Pargust" was immobilised, and unable to pursue) Campbell commenced firing again, which continued until 8.40 am when "UC-29" blew up and sank. Just two of her crew were saved. "Pargust" remained afloat, and was joined by the sloops HMS "Crocus" and  Zinnia, and the American destroyer USS "Cushing". "Pargust's" crew were transferred to "Zinnia", and she was taken under tow; she was brought safely to Queenstown the following day. Later career. "Pargust" was moved to Devonport, for extensive repairs; she was still under repair in October 1917 when she was transferred to the US Navy. The USN was keen to take part in the anti-submarine special service operations, and had requested two Q-ships to be manned by US personnel. However "Pargust's" damage was more extensive than had been expected, and she not ready in time for operations  with the Americans, so was returned to RN control. In May 1918, and now renamed "Pangloss", she was transferred to Gibraltar. She joined a special service force based there for patrol work in the mid-Atlantic, where German "U-cruisers" were operating, and in the western Mediterranean. However she saw no further action before the war ended in November 1918. After this she was de-commissioned and returned to civilian service. As SS "Johann Faulbaum" she was sunk by RAF aircraft near Kirkenes on 13 May 1944.