Hyundai Pony
The Hyundai Pony (Hangul: ), was a small rear wheel drive automobile produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai from 1975 until 1990. The Pony was South Korea's first mass-produced and exported car. The Pony nameplate remained in use until 2000 on some export versions of the Hyundai Excel and Accent. Background. Hyundai had already ventured into car production by producing locally built versions of the Ford Cortina under licence from 1968. When the company wanted to develop their own car, they hired George Turnbull, the former managing director of Austin Morris at British Leyland in 1974 . He in turn hired five other top British car engineers, Kenneth Barnett as body designer, engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman, John Crosthwaite as chassis engineer and Peter Slater as chief development engineer. With Turnbull's experience with the Morris Marina, First generation (1975). The Pony was presented as a coupe concept car at the Turin Motor Show in October 1974, and the car was introduced in December 1975 as a four-door sedan to compete with the Saehan Gemini and Kia Brisa. A coupé utility version was added in May 1976, which was called a pickup, although it differed  from a typical pickup truck in that its cargo tray was integral with the body rather than being a separate assembly. A station wagon arrived in April 1977. In 1981, the small bootlid from the sedan was replaced by a hatchback creating a new five-door model. This was accompanied with a new three-door hatchback. The Pony was loosely based on both the earlier licence-built Ford Cortinas and the Morris Marina, with former British Leyland engineers being hired by Hyundai to design the car. Hyundai began exporting the Pony to Chile, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Egypt in 1976 . European exports began in 1979 with Belgium and the Netherlands, with Greece added shortly thereafter. The pickup version was added in October that year, only available with the smaller, 1.2 liter, engine and a payload. The 1.2 L (1238 cc) four-cylinder engine claimed and the 1.4 L (1439 cc) produced . The 1.4 GLS was tested by the British car magazine "Motor" and top speed was 92 mph with acceleration from 0–60 mph in 15.3 seconds. Second generation (1982). Introduced in January 1982, the Pony II was similar mechanically to the first-generation version, but was extensively restyled. Only the  five-door Liftback and two-door pickup were offered. With the Pony II, export also began to the UK in the spring of 1982 – making it the first Korean car to be sold there. Initially, the Pony was positioned as a budget offering between Eastern Bloc brands (Lada, Skoda) and the lower echelons of established Japanese makes for sales, marking the beginning of a successful foray into this market by Korean carmakers. The Pony II was exported to Canada from 1983, where it was one of the least expensive vehicles on the market, and sales greatly exceeded expectations; initial projections  for 1984 called for 5,000 sales, but the final total was 25,123, making it one of the top-selling vehicles in that country. The Pony became notorious for poor quality, but it was more refined and well-built than comparably-priced Eastern European imports, helping Hyundai gain a foothold in Canada. The Pony was sufficiently popular there that it was sold alongside the Excel until 1987 rather than being replaced by that vehicle as was done in some other markets. Engine types. For 1984, the Pony came only with a 1439 cc (88ci) 4G33 engine inline-four, rated at 70  hp (52 kW) and 82 lb·ft (111 N·m) of torque. This engine was available with either a four-speed or five-speed manual or a three-speed automatic transmission. The 1238 cc (74ci) 4G36 engine was not available in Canada. This engine was retained across the line until 1986, after which only the 1597 cc (97ci) 4G32 engine (74 hp (55 kW), 93 lb·ft (126 N·m) torque) was available. In mid-1985, the door handles were blacked out, chrome was removed from the windshield wipers, and the "HD" badge was removed from the center of the grille and replaced with the  lettering "Hyundai" off to the left side. A 1.6-liter model 4G32 engine became available in 1985, with optional air conditioning. These powerplants had a hemispherical crossflow cylinder head, two valves per cylinder (chain-driven SOHC), a two-barrel downdraft carburetor (manual choke) and breaker point-type ignition. Trim levels. Trim levels were 'L' (standard), 'GL/CX', and 'GLS/CXL'. The 'CX/CXL' designations were for 1987 model years only. The "L" featured vinyl seats, a fold-down rear bench seat, and usually a four-speed manual transmission mated to a 1.4 litre inline-four engine. The "GL/CX" included  vinyl-cloth seats, a standard clock (which was mounted in the instrument cluster for 1984-1986 models, and for 1987, a digital clock was added in the centre of the upper dash) rear wiper, passenger-side mirror, tinted glass, lockable fuel door, standard door guards, 50/50 fold-down seats, upgraded interior trim, and (from 1985) an available 1.6 litre engine. The "GLS/CXL" included the above with the option of a tachometer, passenger-side vanity mirror, full cloth seats, and (from 1985) a standard 1.6 L engine. Only the 'L' and 'CX' were trim levels for 1987. The 'L' was  the same as the previous 'L', however the clock was now digital and the CX had a standard tachometer. From 1986 to 1987, interior colors available were tan or blue. From 1984 to 1985, it was light gray on dark gray. Options included rear window louvers, a front air dam, rear spoiler, GT package (which included a leather-wrapped Momo three-spoke steering wheel), tachometer, different trim and badging, fog lamps, and extra lights in the rear. All GTs came with the more powerful 1.6 engine. The Pony pickup was sold in Europe (only) until the end of the 1980s . The second generation Pony remained on sale until 1988 (until 1990 in South Korea). In some markets the Pony was replaced by a re-badged Hyundai Excel from 1985, particularly in Europe. Canadian-spec (Non-ECC LHD). The Canadian version of the Pony was modified to meet local standards. The Pony was released for sale in Canada for the 1984 model year and ended in 1987. Differences between the Canadian Pony versus its European counterparts were 8 km/h bumpers, sealed-beam headlights, side marker lamps instead of indicator repeaters (also in a lower position), and slight alterations in interior  instrumentation and trim application. Other models. In Europe, the front wheel drive Hyundai Excel was sold under the Pony name from 1985 as a replacement of the rear wheel drive version. In other markets, the second generation Pony continued on sale alongside the new Hyundai Excel. Until discontinuation, Excel carried the Pony name. The final usage of the name was with the first generation Hyundai Accent, sold as the Pony in France. The Pony name was last used by Hyundai in 2000. Super Pony. For the second and third generations, some taxi models of the Hyundai Accent were sold as  Hyundai Super Pony. The fourth generation used the name "Grand Pony" instead. Pony EV. In April 2021, Hyundai displayed the Pony Heritage EV, a restored first-generation Pony converted with an electric vehicle powertrain as a concept, in Hyundai Motorstudio Busan. The powertrain specifications were not available; the interior featured an instrument panel with two three-digit nixie tube displays for state of charge and vehicle speed. The head- and tail-lights feature a pixellated design which Hyundai have called "Pixel Road Trip" or "Parametric Pixel", reminiscent of 8-bit graphics and matching the design language applied to vehicles under  its Ioniq sub-brand, including the contemporary Ioniq 5 production and 45 EV concept vehicles. In November 2021, Hyundai showed off its second Heritage Series EV, which was based on a first-generation Hyundai Grandeur.