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Orcs Must Die! 2 - Complete Pack | Steam Gift Volume II - 48 (Steyn) : Launch Speeches - HIPSA
Volume II – 48 (Steyn) : Launch Speeches
SPEECH BY PROF HOWARD PHILLIPS AT THE LAUNCH OF
SELEKSIES UIT DIE BRIEWE VAN PRESIDENT MT STEYN, 1904-1910
Welcome to the launch of the VRS’s 98th volume, Seleksies uit die Briewe van President MT Steyn, 1904-1910/ Selections from the Letter of President MT Steyn, 1904-1910.
Particularly, I wish to welcome and thank:
Mr Emilton Cloete, headmaster of CTHS, who generously provided us with extra chairs and tables for tonight’s function;
and several members of Steyn’s family who, most appropriately, have joined us tonight to mark the launch of this volume. As was the case when the family of Richard Selope Thema joined us last year when we launched his autobiography here and in Johannesburg, your presence tonight connects what we publish very directly with the subject of our publications, bridging the decades in between. We are honoured to do so.
The book is truly a model of effective, rolling co-operation within the VRS, for its two industrious editors and its one well-skilled translator were all members of the VRS Council until last year, which greatly facilitated this collaboration.
The first editor, Con de Wet, began working on the project as long ago as 2004 after retiring as chief archivist of the W. Cape, but the extent of Steyn’s correspondence – over 500 letters – made for slow going. When, last year, he had taken the project as far as he could by collecting, transcribing and selecting letters suitable for inclusion and doing preliminary editing, it was Elizabeth van Heyningen, my vice-chair and a fellow-historian at UCT for nearly 20 years, who readily agreed to bring the volume to conclusion by adding insightful introductions and more detailed footnotes to a text which was by then available in English too, thanks to the translating ability of a third member of the VRS Council, Chris van der Merwe.
To add a further VRS dimension to the preparation of the text for publication, four in-house readers (Sandra Commerford, Rolf Proske, Russell Martin and me) then scrutinized the text, while a fifth, Tanya Barben, indexed it very thoroughly. From the title page to the last entry in the index, therefore, this is a VRS volume through and through. The Society’s grateful thanks thus goes to all of those whom I have mentioned for their respective contributions to the making of our 98th volume. Our gratitude is due to the volume’s dexterous designer, Claudine Willatt-Bate, and to the four donors whose subsidies have made publication possible, viz. a longstanding member, Chris Otto (via the Stellenbosch University History Department), the Van Ewijck Foundation, the Fonds Neelandistiek and the Frank Bradlow Memorial Trust.
The upshot of these combined efforts is a volume which allows us at last to gain a 360-degree perspective on this former president of the OFS through his own words, particularly with regard to his key role in the revival of Free State Afrikanerdom after the South African War and in the making of Union in 1910. Themes of rebuilding and reconciliation consequently loom very large in its pages, subjects which tax a very different South Africa as much today.
From the book’s 93 letters, Steyn emerges as a man of principle, yet able to see beyond his immediate political and personal situation and adapt pragmatically to changed circumstances, a dignified and dutiful figure, not without a self-deprecating sense of humour, a man of courage in confronting his acute physical disability and, to some extent, overcoming it without self-pity or anger. In other words, the book fleshes him out as much more than a one-dimensional, bittereinder Afrikaner nationalist hero.
There is a certain appropriateness in the fact that Con de Wet and Elizabeth van Heyningen are the editors because both have family ties to Steyn’s Free State. Con’s parents were born there during Steyn’s presidency, while Elizabeth’s paternal grandfather was a magistrate’s clerk in Fauresmith in the 1890s when Steyn was president. In a sense, therefore, the broader, multi-sided view of Steyn-in-the-round which this volume provides is the result of the scholarly labours of two descendants of burgers of his time. With his strong sense of heritage, Steyn would have thought this most apt.
On which note, this is obviously the right moment for me to hand over to Con, Elizabeth and Chris to tell us about their experience of dealing with Steyn’s letters two generations after their ancestors experienced him as their president.
DR CON DE WET – TOESPRAAK TYDENS BEKENDSTELLING IN KAAPSTAD – NOVEMBER 2017
Die rede hoekom ek besluit het om Steyn se korrespondensie te publiseer was omdat ek gevoel het dat Steyn nie altyd die aandag wat hy verdien in die geskiedskrywing gekry het nie. Na my mening is die rede daarvoor dat hy gedurende sy hele openbare lewe in die skaduwee van pres. Paul Kruger gelewe het. Ek was bly om te sien dat prof. M.C.E. van Schoor daarmee saamgestem het, want in die voorwoord van sy biografie van Steyn, Marthinus Theunis Steyn. Regsman, staatsman en volksman, wat in 2009 verskyn het, skryf hy dat ‘n moontlike rede daarvoor dalk is dat pres. Steyn te lank “in die skaduwee van die oormatige verheerliking van pres. Kruger gestaan het” en dat inligting oor hom in Afrikaans, naas die twee toe nog enigste biografiee van Steyn, naamlik N.J. van der Merwe se Marthinus Theunis Steyn- (1921) – en Karel Schoeman, In liefde en trou (1983), slegs in verspreide tydskrif- en koerantartikels, radiopraatjies en hoorbeelde te vinde was.
Hopelik sal hierdie publikasie van Steyn se korrespondensie die leser help om ‘n veel beter begrip te vorm van die mens Marthinus Theunis Steyn. Hy word algemeen beskou as ‘n vegter vir die regte van die Afrikaner-gemeenskap, en dit was hy beslis. Maar uit sy korrespondensie en sy gesinslewe is dit ook duidelik dat hy ander volksgroepe en gemeenskappe ‘n regmatige plek gegun om hulle oortuigings uit te leef. Die duidelikste voorbeeld daarvan is sy huwelik en gesinslewe. Hy is in 1887 met Rachel Isabella (Tibbie) Fraser getroud. Haar oupa, ds. Colin Fraser, was een van die Skotse predikante wat in 1815 na die Kaapkolonie gekom het en was die predikant van die N.G. gemeente Beaufort-Wes. Haar vader, ook Colin Fraser, was die leraar van die N.G. gemeente van Philippolis. Daar het ‘n besondere sterk liefdesband binne die Steyn-gesin bestaan, maar tog het elke lid van die gesin die vryheid geniet om sy/haar lewensideale uit te leef. Mev. Steyn het byvoorbeeld in Engels met die kinders gekorrespondeer en pres. Steyn in Nederlands. Hoewel dit onder die Afrikaners die gebruik was dat die oudste seun van die gesin na die oupa aan vaderskant vernoem is, is die Steyns se oudste en enigste seun na sy oupa aan moederskant vernoem – Colin Fraser Steyn. Dit is ook opmerklik dat Steyn en sy eggenote ‘n groot invloed op die kinders uitgeoefen het, want hoewel hulle later jare uiteenlopende politieke menings gehuldig het, is die gesinsband nooit verbreek nie.
Nadat die Britte Bloemfontein in Maart 1900 verower het, het Steyn en sy regering as die sogenaamde Regering te velde saam met die Vrystaatse strydmagte die stryd voortgesit. By Reitz is die meeste van hulle egter gevange geneem, maar Steyn het ontsnap danksy sy swart agterryer wat sy perd aan die president gegee het om te ontvlug. Die ontberings het egter sy lot van Steyn geeis en op 30 Mei 1902, ‘n dag voor die ondertekening van die Vredesverdrag van Vereeniging, het hy uitgetree as president en genl. De Wet as waarnemende president benoem. Op 11 Julie 1902 het hy en sy gesin na Europa vertrek om daar mediese behandeling te ontvang. In Januarie 1905 het die gesin na Suid-Afrika teruggekeer en hulle op hulle plaas Onze Rust naby Bloemfontein gaan vestig. Hoewel hy tot met sy dood in 1916 nie meer aktief in die politiek betrokke was nie, het hy nogtans op versoek van verskeie persone tog ingestem om in 1908-1910 as ondervoorsitter van die Nasionale Konvensie, waaruit die Unie van Suid-Afrika op 31 Mei 1910 ontstaan het, op te tree.
Genraal Christiaan de Wet hou ‘n toespraak tydens President Steyn se begrafnis
Steyn se korrespondente het ‘n groot getal beroemde persone in Suid-Afrika en in Europa aan die begin van die 20ste eeu ingesluit. Hulle het ingesluit genl. C.F. Beyers, genl. Louis Botha, Jaap de Villiers, Abraham Fischer, genl. J.B.M. Hertzog, J.H. (Onse Jan) Hofmeyr, dr. W.J. Leyds, dr. N. Mansvelt, John X. Merriman en genl. J.C. Smuts. Merriman was een van Steyn se getrouste korrespondente en in die versameling is daar 85 briewe van horn en Steyn se antwoorde daarop. Ek vertrou dat hierdie publikasie die lig sal laat val op die belangrike rol wat Steyn in die geskiedenis van Suid-Afrika gespeel het.
Vergun my ook om my dank te betuig teenoor persone wat ‘n belangrike bydrae gelewer het in die publikasie. Eerstens aan die Van Riebeeckvereniging en in die besonder die voorsitter, Howard Phillips, wat ‘n allerbelangrike rol gespeel het in die tot standkoming van hierdie publikasie. Hy was van die begin af entoesiasties oor die projek en het ‘n belangrike rol gespeel om die publikasie die lig te laat sien. Verder ook aan die mede-redakteur, Elizabeth van Heyningen, wat die finale afronding gedoen het en die manuskrip persklaar gemaak het. Ook aan Chris van der Merwe vir die vertaling van die Nederlandse briewe in Engels. En laastens, maar allermins die minste, aan my eggenoote, Blanche, en ons dogter, Sonja, vir hulle intense belangstelling in die hele proses en die ondersteuning en verdraagsaamheid wat ek deurentyd van hulle ontvang het. Aan julle almal my innige dank!
DR ELIZABETH VAN HEYINGEN – LAUNCH SPEECH IN CAPE TOWN NOVEMBER 2017
In some respects Steyn is a familiar historical figure – one of the great heroes of the South African War. We have a tendency not to look too closely at heroes, to take them for granted so, when I came to write the introductions to the letters, I thought I should try to see him through fresh eyes. These letters do not include the period leading up to the war, or those of the war itself. Instead, they deal with Steyn’s declining years when he might have been considered a lesser figure in South Africa’s political life. Yet he was not, and this is truly remarkable.
(1) the Treaty of Vereeniging might not have been signed on 31 May 1902. Steyn was the ultimate bittereinder and he was strongly opposed to the terms of the peace. He told Christian de Wet that the Boers were selling out for £3 million – the amount granted in compensation. (On the other hand, the Boers might have gone with Louis Botha anyway, lessening Steyn’s prestige.)
President Steyn recuperating in Europe
So what were his achievements? They can be summed up briefly: language, education and reconciliation. I’m not going to dwell on the first two because Chris is going to say something about them. We don’t usually think of Steyn as the great conciliator – that accolade goes to Louis Botha. But, between 1906 and 1910 he conducted a remarkable correspondence especially with Smuts and John X. Merriman, in which the three men worked out their ideas on Union. One topic was Union versus Confederation and, with the American and Australian examples before them, they opted for Union as less divisive.
Steyn only agreed to attend the Convention after he had persuaded Louis Botha that the principle of the language question – the equality of Dutch with English – would be accepted beforehand. In the event, it proved to be the clause that almost broke the Convention. And it was Steyn who brought the more recalcitrant JBM Hertzog on board, and persuaded Brits like Jameson that Dutch should be accepted in government and education on the same basis as English. In the event, they did not get quite what they wanted – that all civil servants should be bilingual – but it was enough. Having got over this hurdle, Steyn played a critical role in soothing the sensibilities of isolationist English-speaking Natalians.
PROF CHRIS VAN DER MERWE – TOESPRAAK TYDENS BEKENDSTELLING IN BLOEMFONTEIN – 27 NOVEMBER 2017
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