Louis-Xavier de Ricard
Louis-Xavier de Ricard (January 25, 1843July 2, 1911) was a French poet, author and journalist of the 19th century. He was founder and editor of "La Revue du progrès" ("La Revue du Progrès moral, littéraire, scientifique et artistique") which was the first to publish a poem by Paul Verlaine in August 1863. He and Catulle Mendès edited the first volume of "Le Parnasse contemporain", published by Alphonse Lemerre in 1866. He was a member of the Commune de Paris (1871) and Félibrige, a group founded by Frédéric Mistral to promote and defend Provençal literature and  the Provençal language (a "Langue d'oc" language). Life. His father was general and marquis Joseph-Barthélemy de Ricard (who successively served Napoléon I, then the Bourbons and finally was premier "aide-de-camp" of Jérôme Bonaparte in 1852). Ricard's first collection of poetry, "Les chants de l'aube" ("Songs of Dawn") was published in 1862 by Poulet-Malassis. In March 1863, after receiving an inheritance from an aunt, he founded "La Revue du progrès". Among the contributors to the "Revue" were Charles Longuet and a young Paul Verlaine (his first published poem). The "Revue" lasted one year; the atheist sentiments  of the "Revue" lead to a Monseigneur Dupanloup taking legal action against the "Revue" on the grounds that it was an outrage to public morals and good mores. Ricard was defended by a talented young attorney, Léon Gambetta, and was sentenced to eight months in prison, reduced to three, at Sainte Pélagie, and had to pay a fine of 1,200 francs. After serving his sentence, his friends manifested an active support, and this small group of supporters was the origin of the politico-literary salon that met every Friday at the home of Ricard's mother, 10 Boulevard des Batignolles . Ricard was happy to entertain these boisterous republican and anti-clerical youths. Many great French poets and writers of the future attended: Anatole France, Sully Prudhomme, Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Paul Verlaine, François Coppée; and Raoul Rigault, the future attorney of the Commune de Paris (1871). In March 1866, Ricard and Catulle Mendès were appointed by editor Alphonse Lemerre to be directors of a now famous and pivotal collection of poetry called "Le Parnasse contemporain", a collection that gave the name "Parnassian" to a group of poets that came to be known as Parnassians. Ricard also contributed 8 poems to  that first collection. In 1867 Verlaine, a friend of Ricard (whom he called "an excellent Langue d'Ocian poet"), dedicated his "Les Vaincus" to Ricard, a poem on the vanquished of 1848.