Electoral Calculus
Electoral Calculus is a political forecasting web site which attempts to predict future United Kingdom general election results. It considers national factors but excludes local issues. Main features. The site was developed by Martin Baxter, who was a financial analyst specialising in mathematical modelling. The site includes maps, predictions and analysis articles. It has separate sections for elections in Scotland and Northern Ireland. From April 2019, the headline prediction covered the Brexit Party and Change UK - The Independent Group. Change UK was later removed from the headline prediction ahead of the 2019 general election as their poll scores  were not statistically significant. Methodology. The site is based around the employment of scientific techniques on data about the United Kingdom's electoral geography, which can be used to calculate the uniform national swing. It takes account of national polls and trends but excludes local issues. The calculations were initially based on what is termed the "Transition Model", which is derived from the additive uniform national swing model. This uses national swings in a proportional manner to predict local effects. The "Strong Transition Model" was introduced in October 2007, and considers the effects of strong and weak supporters. The models  are explained in detail on the web site. Predictions. Across the eight general elections from 1992 to 2019: Reception. It was listed by "The Guardian" in 2004 as one of the "100 most useful websites", being "the best" for predictions. In 2012 it was described by PhD student Chris Prosser at the University of Oxford as "probably the leading vote/seat predictor on the internet". Its detailed predictions for individual seats have been noted by Paul Evans on the localdemocracy.org.uk blog. Academic Nick Anstead noted in his observations from a 2010 "Personal Democracy Forum" event, that Mick Fealty of Slugger  O'Toole considered Electoral Calculus to be "massively improved" in comparison with the swingometer. With reference to the 2010 United Kingdom general election, it was cited by journalists Andrew Rawnsley and Michael White in "The Guardian". John Rentoul in "The Independent" referred to the site after the election.