Yellow-fronted tinkerbird
The yellow-fronted tinkerbird ("Pogoniulus chrysoconus") is a small African barbet formerly known as yellow-fronted tinker barbet. It is sometimes considered conspecific with its southern counterpart, the red-fronted tinkerbird, "Pogoniulus pusillus". Barbets are near passerine birds with bristles around the base of the bill and a world-wide tropical distribution. Subspecies. The subspecies vary with respect to size and colour tone of the plumage streaks. They include: If "P. c. extoni" is restricted to the southernmost population occurring in southeastern Botswana, northern South Africa and Eswatini, the following two subspecies are also recognized: Range and  habitat. The yellow-fronted tinkerbird is a widespread and frequently common resident breeder in much of Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It is associated with mesic, open to closed broadleaved or mixed woodlands and scrub. It is found in riparian vegetation but occurs only sparsely in dry savanna and teak woodlands. Description. The yellow-fronted tinkerbird is approximately in length. It is plump, with a short neck, large head, and short tail. The adult has black upperparts heavily streaked with yellow and white. Its head has a strong black and white pattern, with a yellow forecrown spot. The underparts  and rump are lemon yellow. Both sexes are similar in appearance, but young birds have a differentiating dark crown that lacks the distinct yellow spot. Breeding. The species nests in cavities excavated in dead limbs of trees, some 2 to 5 metres above ground. A clutch of 2 to 3 matt white eggs are laid on a base of wood chips at the bottom of the nesting chamber. The nestlings call persistently, and are reared on fruit and insects by both parents. Nests usually do not survive a season and may be usurped by larger species of barbet. Vocalizations. At  about 100 repetitions per minute, the yellow-fronted tinkerbird's call is a fast "tink-tink-tink-tink". Many barbets perch prominently, but, unlike their larger relatives, the smaller tinkerbirds sing from cover and are more frequently heard than seen. Diet. The yellow-fronted tinkerbird eats insects and fruit. Mistletoe fruits ("Tapinanthus" and "Viscum" spp.) are swallowed whole. The sticky seeds are regurgitated and wiped off on nearby branches. Across their distribution range, yellow-fronted tinkerbirds are the most important disperser of mistletoes.