HMS Subtle (1807)
HMS "Subtle" was a schooner that the Royal Navy reportedly captured in 1807, and purchased and registered in 1808. She served in the Caribbean, taking part in several actions, including a small debacle in 1808, and the capture of Martinique and Guadeloupe in 1809. She foundered in November 1812 with the loss of her entire crew. Origins. Based on Admiralty records, Winfield reports that she was possibly a privateer, possibly under the Danish flag, and sailing as "Subtle". Unfortunately, there are no readily available online records that indicate the capture of any Danish (or Dutch – some reports  state "Subtle" was Dutch), vessel named "Subtle". It is possible that she had another name that the Royal Navy changed. For instance, the Royal Navy captured 12 Danish schooners at Christianstadt in the Danish West Indies on 25 December 1807, some of which had names that matched those of serving Navy vessels. It would have been standard Royal Navy practice to rename a capture to avoid duplicating names, reusing the names of recently lost or sold naval vessels. The Royal Navy schooner "Subtle" had just been wrecked at Bermuda on 20 October 1807, making her name available. Royal Navy career . Lieutenant Charles Nicholson commissioned "Subtle" at Antigua in 1807. In 1808 Lieutenant George A. Spearing replaced Nicholson. On 3 July, "Subtle" was cruising with the ship-sloop and the schooner between the islands of Anguilla and Saint Martin, the small squadron attempted an attack on St. Martin with a view to reducing the number of havens available to French privateers, but the opposition proved stronger than intelligence had led the British to expect. The attack turned into a disaster. A landing party of 38 seamen and marines from all three vessels, under Lieutenant Spearing of "Subtle", succeeded in capturing a  lower battery with few losses and spiking six guns. An attack on the upper fort failed, with Spearing being killed a few feet from the French ramparts. When the British withdrew to their boats the French captured them. In all, the British lost seven killed and 30 wounded, all the dead and 17 of the wounded being from "Subtle", which had contributed 43 men to the landing. The French lost one man wounded. Not surprisingly, French and British accounts differ substantially in several places. Crofton reported that the British landing party consisted of 135 men, whereas a French account talks  of 200 men, all of whom were killed or captured. (The total establishment of the three British vessels amounted to about 190 men.) Crofton negotiated a truce under which he was able to reclaim all the prisoners who could be moved. Crofton claimed that the French had been forewarned and had 900 men in the fort. The French claimed the fort had a garrison of 28 regulars and 15 militiamen. That the French permitted their British prisoners to leave is more consistent with the French figures on their numbers than the British. Crofton reported that the French buried the English  dead with full military honors with both the fort and the British firing salutes. Admiral Lord Collingwood received intelligence that the French corvette "Rapide" was on her way from Bayonne with dispatches and he asked Admiral Lord Alexander Cochrane to attempt to intercept her. On 8 August 1808 captured "Rapide" and took her into Barbados, but "Rapide"s captain had managed to throw the dispatches overboard before "Belette" captured her. However, even earlier duplicates of the dispatches and much besides were found concealed aboard the cartel "Phoenix", which had sailed from Cayenne and had stopped in Barbados. She had aroused suspicion , leading Cochrane to having her searched. Because carrying these documents was a violation of the cartel (truce) flag, the British seized "Phoenix" and the documents. Cochrane put the dispatches aboard "Subtle", and then appointed his flag-lieutenant from , Lieutenant Humphrey Fleming Senhouse, to sail "Subtle" back to Britain. The captain of "Phoenix", Mr. Boarea, traveled on "Subtle" as a prisoner of war. Flemming left Carlisle Bay, Barbados on 19 July and arrived at Plymouth on 18 August. "Subtle" underwent repairs at Plymouth between 19 August and 10 November. Lieutenant Charles Browne (or Brown), replaced Senhouse. She then sailed for the  Leeward Islands on 15 December 1808. In February 1809, "Subtle" participated in the combined naval and military assault and capture of the French-held island of Martinique. This qualified those of her crew still alive in 1847 for the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) with clasp "Martinique". "Subtle" was among the 42 warships that shared in the proceeds for the capture of Martinique. She then participated in the capture of Guadeloupe (January – February 1810), which earned for her crew the clasp "Guadaloupe" to the NGSM, as well as further prize money, which she shared with 49 other vessels. Loss. On  1 December 1812, Captain Miller of the American privateer schooner "Jack's Favorite", was re-provisioning at Saint Barts when "Subtle" arrived. Browne threatened to take the privateer, but in good time. "Jack's Favorite" sailed away, with "Subtle" in pursuit. During the chase a squall came up. After it had passed, Miller searched for "Subtle" but could find only floating debris. British records give the date of loss as 30 November. The belief was that "Subtle" had capsized when she failed to shorten sail in time. Notes, citations, and references. Notes Citations References