Ask Ann Landers
Ann Landers was a pen name created by "Chicago Sun-Times" advice columnist Ruth Crowley in 1943 and taken over by Esther Pauline "Eppie" Lederer (July 4, 1918 – June 22, 2002) in 1955. For 56 years, the Ask Ann Landers syndicated advice column was a regular feature in many newspapers across North America. Owing to this popularity, "Ann Landers", though fictional, became something of a national institution and cultural icon. Ruth Crowley: the original 'Ann Landers' (1943–1955). The creator of the "Ann Landers" pseudonym was Ruth Crowley, a Chicago nurse who had been writing a child-care  column for the "Sun" since 1941. She chose the pseudonym at random—borrowing the surname 'Landers' from a family friend—to prevent confusion between her two columns. Unlike her eventual successor Esther Lederer, Crowley kept her identity as Landers secret, even enjoining her children to help her keep it quiet. Crowley took a three-year break from writing the column from 1948 until 1951. After 1951, she continued the column for the "Chicago Sun-Times" and in syndication (since 1951) to 26 other newspapers until her death, aged 48, on July 20, 1955. Crowley spent a total of nine years  writing advice as "Ann Landers". She also was featured on the 1953-1955 DuMont Television Network series "All About Baby". Interim writers (July–October 1955). In the three-month period after Crowley's death, various writers, including Connie Chancellor, took over the column. The Esther Lederer years (1955–2002). By including expert advice from authorities, which none of her competitors did, Eppie Lederer won a contest to become the new writer of the column, debuting on October 16, 1955. The column opened with a letter from a "Non-Eligible Bachelor" who despaired of getting married. Her advice was, "You're a  big boy now...don't let spite ruin your life." Lederer went on to advise thousands of other readers over the next several decades. Eventually, she became owner of the copyright. News America Syndicate distributed the Landers column before it was sold to King Features, and Landers moved to the new Creators Syndicate. On February 13, 1987, after years of seeking to run the column, the "Chicago Tribune" announced the Landers column was moving there, and the "Sun-Times" replaced her with Ruth Crowley's daughter Diane Crowley and Jeff Zaslow of "The Wall Street Journal". Lederer chose not to have  a different writer continue the column after her death, so the "Ann Landers" column ceased after publication of the few weeks' worth of material which she had written before her death. Sometimes she expressed unpopular opinions. She repeatedly favored legalization of prostitution and was pro-choice on abortion, yet denounced atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair. In 1973, she wrote in support of the legalization of homosexual acts, saying that she had been "pleading for compassion and understanding and equal rights for homosexuals" for 18 years, and wrote in 1976 that she "fought for the civil rights of homosexuals 20 years ago  and argued that they should be regarded as full and equal citizens". Nevertheless, for years, she described homosexuality as "unnatural", a "sickness" and a "dysfunction". Not till 1992 did she eventually reverse her opinion, and even then only after reviewing research and receiving nearly 75,000 letters that gays and lesbians wrote to her saying that they were happy being gay; she wrote that "it is my firm conviction that homosexuality is not learned behavior", adding that while being gay could be suppressed, it could not be altered. Even so, in 1996, she wrote regarding gay marriage, "Before you gay-rights  folks land on me with both feet ... I cannot support same-sex marriage, however, because it flies in the face of cultural and traditional family life as we have known it for centuries." Controversies. Pope John Paul II and Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.. In 1995, Eppie commented thus in "The New Yorker" about Pope John Paul II: "He has a sweet sense of humor. Of course, he's a Polack. They're very anti-women." Polish Americans responded with outrage. She issued a formal apology, but refused to comment further. The "Milwaukee Journal Sentinel" canceled her column after that  incident. In the same article she noted that President John F. Kennedy's father, Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., was anti-Semitic. Halloween candy panic. A 1995 "Ann Landers" column said, "In recent years, there have been reports of people with twisted minds putting razor blades and poison in taffy apples and Halloween candy. It is no longer safe to let your child eat treats that come from strangers." The vague warning was criticized for causing fear dishonestly, as there have been no documented cases of children receiving poisoned candy during door-to-door Halloween trick-or-treating. Mistaken legal advice . In her March 28, 1965, column, regarding ownership of wedding gifts, Lederer wrote that "the wedding gifts belong to the bride." She went on to state that the bride should "consult a lawyer about the checks. In some states this could be considered community property." The advice was mistaken because only gifts given after the marriage would be considered community property in some states (or else because wedding gifts—if so designated—can be considered back-dated gifts to the bride). The response also fails to explain checks should be treated any differently from any other property that was given  as a wedding gift. The column has provided teaching material for law professors and law students. Additionally, Landers advised a teenage girl that she could not recover money spent by her father which was made in a trust for her benefit. This was misguided because the father breached the fiduciary duty he owed to his daughter as a trustee. The girl could have sued for the breach and recovered the lost money. Wedding rice and birds. In a 1996 column, she "informed" her readers that they should avoid throwing rice at weddings, lest birds eat it and explode. Such advice  was erroneous, as milled rice is not harmful to birds. She later recanted. Annie's Mailbox. After Lederer died in June 2002, her last column ran on July 27. Lederer's daughter Margo Howard (who wrote "Dear Prudence") said the column would end, according to Lederer's wishes. Creators Syndicate President Rick Newcombe said Lederer's editors, Kathy Mitchell and Marcy Sugar, should start a column of their own. Though Mitchell and Sugar were reluctant, many readers wanted the column to continue. Thus, the Annie's Mailbox column began on July 28, 2002, in approximately 800 newspapers. Newspapers were given  three possible choices: In addition to "Annie's Mailbox", classic "Ask Ann Landers", and "Dear Prudence". In 2016, the authors responded to a reader question by saying, "[T]here are two of us, and neither of us is named 'Annie.' ... The Mailbox was named in honor of Ann Landers, with whom we both worked for many years. Hence it is 'Annie's Mailbox' with an apostrophe. ... After all, there can be only one Ann Landers. We simply do the best we can to honor her legacy." Annie's Mailbox was syndicated in numerous newspapers throughout the US until June 30, 2016 . On that date, Mitchell and Sugar wrote "...we say farewell. It is time for us to step aside and take advantage of opportunities neither of us has had the time for until now." They also introduced columnist Annie Lane, known as Dear Annie. Dear Abby. A few months after Eppie Lederer took over as Ann Landers, her twin sister Pauline Esther "PoPo" Phillips introduced a similar, competing column, Dear Abby, using the pseudonym "Abigail Van Buren", which produced a lengthy estrangement between the two sisters. Phillips wrote her column until retiring in 2002, at which time her daughter, Jeanne Phillips , took over.