Spatuloricaria
Spatuloricaria is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America and Panama. "Spatuloricaria" is in need of revision, as species boundaries and distributions are poorly known. The phylogenetic position of "Spatuloricaria" remains uncertain. "Spatuloricaria" has been placed at the base of a clade including representatives of the "Loricaria" and "Pseudohemiodon" groups. Its dentition, with few teeth on the premaxillae, and its abdominal cover consisting of minute disjointed platelets resembles that of some representatives of the "Loricaria" group. Conversely, the papillose surface of the lips and sexually dimorphic features are more characteristic of the "Rineloricaria" group. This genus is  distributed in the northwestern part of the South American subcontinent, in drainages of the Pacific and Atlantic Slopes of the Andes. Several species occur also in the upper Amazon River basin, upper Paraguay, and São Francisco River basins. Sexual dimorphism includes hypertrophied development of claw-like odontodes along the sides of the head and on the pectoral spines in mature males. Ecological data is unavailable and reproductive biology is unknown for "Spatuloricaria" species. Species. There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus: