Hokuhoku Line
The is a Japanese railway line in Niigata Prefecture that runs from Muikamachi in Minamiuonuma City to Saigata in Jōetsu City. It is the sole railway line operated by . Construction of the line first began in 1968 by the Japanese National Railways (JNR), and was initially referred to as the . However, the construction of the line was plagued by numerous delays, and was finally completed as a third sector line on 23 March 1997, including the Akakura Tunnel, the longest on a non-JR line. Unlike most other third sector company lines, the Hokuhoku Line made steady profits  after its opening, as the former "Hakutaka" Limited Express train service, which travelled using the line, served as the principal link between the Tokyo metropolitan area and the Hokuriku region until the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen in 2015. The line's former maximum speed limit of allowed the "Hakutaka" to become the fastest narrow gauge train service in the country, matched only by the standard gauge Keisei "Skyliner" services to Narita International Airport as the fastest non-Shinkansen service (also at 160 km/h); however, following the withdrawal of "Hakutaka" services on the line on 14 March 2015, the  maximum speed limit of the line was reduced to . Services. Originally, the line acted as a connecting route to the Jōetsu Shinkansen at Echigo-Yuzawa Station. Upon the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen on 14 March 2015, the limited express services "Hakutaka" of the line, which had run from 1997 with an average daily ridership of 6,900 passengers, were withdrawn. Since then, a daily special rapid service "Snow Rabbit" was served, instead of "Hakutaka". Trains from Muikamachi are described as down-bound, whereas those from Saigata are described as up-bound. Local Service. 16 return trips are operating each day , including one up-bound through service from Arai of the Myōkōhaneuma Line. Some trains running on Sundays are designated as "Yumezora," in which movies will be played when the trains are going through a tunnel. Since the discontinuation of "Hakutaka" in 2015, required trip time is reduced by 10 minutes. Through-trains to and from JR Lines do not stop at some stations of the Jōetsu Line and Shin'etsu Main Line. Rapid Service. Two down-bound and three up-bound trains are operating each day between Echigo-Yuzawa and Naoetsu. Chō-Rapid Service - "Snow Rabbit (スノーラビット)". Two down-bound and  one up-bound trains are operating each day, and one of the down-bound train runs through to Arai of the Myōkōhaneuma Line. The fastest service, which stops only at Tōkamachi, only takes 57 minutes travelling from Echigo-Yuzawa to Naoetsu. Chō-Slow Service - "Snow Turtle (スノータートル)". "Snow Turtle" is a special service with irregular schedules and available for rental by organizations. Being a comical counterpart of "Snow Rabbit," the trains run at a very low speed, as slow as 10 km/h, to give passengers a chance to experience winds while opening the side doors of the trains. Meals  are also provided during the four-hour journey. Passing loops. There are three passing loops on the Hokuhoku Line. Each has one bi-directional through track to allow full line speed. Akakura. Between Uonumakyūryō and Misashima in Tōkamachi, Niigata. It is in the 10472m Akakura tunnel. Yakushitōge. Between Tōkamachi and Matsudai in Tōkamachi, Niigata. It is in the 6199m Yakushitōge tunnel. Gimyō. Between Matsudai and Hokuhoku-Ōshima in Tōkamachi, Niigata. It is in the 9130m Nabetachiyama tunnel(). 9 HK100-0 series train sets were built by Niigata Transys for use on local, rapid and Chō-Rapid "Snow  Rabbit" trains between Echigo-Yuzawa and Naoetsu, and started operation since its opening in 1997. Having a maximum speed of 110 km/h operating on the 160 km/h lines, this trains feature a fast acceleration of 3.0 km/h/s to minimize disruptions of "Hakutaka" train services. 1 permanent 2-car sets known as HK100-100 series entered service in 2003, and 4 cars were refurbished for the "Yumezora" video projection train. 18 cars of 681-2000 series and 9 cars of 683-8000 series trains, nicknamed "Snow Rabbit Express (SRE)" were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, with final  assembly at Niigata Transys for operation on the "Hakutaka" limited express trains between Echigo-Yuzawa and Kanazawa stations. At a operating speed of 160 km/h, this was the fastest train in the country to run on narrow gauge. Following the retirement of the "Hakutaka" services, the trains were transferred to JR West for operation on "Shirasagi" limited express services. Stations. The Hokuhoku line is entirely in Niigata Prefecture. References. This article also incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia