Beneficiary rule
The beneficiary rule, commonly referred to as the "lucky dog" or "free pass", is a rule in some motor racing leagues allowing the closest lapped driver to the front of the field to gain back a lap when a caution is called. The driver is called to move to the end of the longest line of the cars at the end of that caution period. This rule was instituted to prevent drivers from racing back to the start/finish line when a caution was called. The rule was first implemented by NASCAR in the 2003 seasons of its  three national series, and in all NASCAR-sanctioned series by 2005. Background. Before the rule was installed, drivers would "race back to the caution"; however, there was a gentlemen's agreement not to race, but to slow down and not pass, to allow slower cars to get their laps back. During a September 14, 2003, Sylvania 300 at New Hampshire International Speedway, Casey Mears came close to contacting the stalled car of Dale Jarrett while racing back to the line during a caution caused by Jarrett's crash. NASCAR chose to abandon the practice and stop racing immediately in the  wake of the incident. The rule was created as a way of continuing the practice of yielding to the slower cars without sacrificing safety. Naming. The popular term for this rule, "Lucky Dog", was first used by Benny Parsons in 2003 during a TNT broadcast at Dover International Speedway. His boothmate Wally Dallenbach, Jr., concurred when Jimmy Spencer, who drove a car sponsored by Sirius Satellite Radio (whose company mascot was a dog, named "Deejay Mongobot"), saying, "That IS a lucky dog." This became used by all NBC and TNT broadcasts, along with the Performance Racing Network radio broadcasts. The  term is also used by NASCAR SimRacing and iRacing, among other licensed NASCAR video games produced after the rule was implemented. Another oft-used term, "Free pass", was first used by Mike Joy during the 2004 broadcast of the Subway 400 at North Carolina Speedway in Rockingham, North Carolina. Sometimes, Larry McReynolds, especially during the 2004 season, would refer to it as a "pardon" (sometimes accompanied by "from the Oval Office"; "Oval Office" is a term referring to the NASCAR mobile office and the proper series logo), and sometimes Darrell Waltrip uses it only for the #38 Robert Yates Racing  Ford and later #18 Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota, because that car is sponsored by Mars, Incorporated, which manufactures the Pedigree dog food brand. It is used by MRN Radio and Fox Sports by its main announcers, and is used by the Fox graphics package. (Note that starting in 2007, TNT's coverage is produced by Fox Sports; as part of the 2009 restart rule changes, the TNT graphics package states the driver with the Free Pass and Wave-Around before the restart.) On Speed Channel and ESPN the term "Aaron's "Lucky Dog"" (which is the Aaron's corporate mascot , and is part of its branding) is used. During ESPN broadcasts, it is used only when it is officially awarded. During ESPN broadcasts, Jerry Punch follows the code established by ESPN producer Neil Goldberg, using "Free Pass" (which was Goldberg's policy on Fox). In the NASCAR Pinty's Series, the term "VTech Lucky Dog" is a contingency award among drivers who were Beneficiaries during the race. The highest-finishing driver who had earned a Beneficiary Rule lap wins a CAD 1,000 prize. Reception. The use of the term "lucky dog" is often criticized by specific Fox staff members for  not being informative and producer Neil Goldberg, who has since moved to ESPN. Mike Joy has mocked the term on Fox broadcasts, first in March 2005 during the Busch Series Telcel-Motorola 200 at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez, where a dog ran across the track during a caution, and in April 2006 during the DirecTV 500 in Martinsville Speedway, where Joy referred to Ryan Newman's love of pets and said despite his love of dogs, he hadn't been a lucky dog. During a 2004 conversation with fans on the Fox Sports website, Waltrip said, "You're not lucky , and you're not a dog. You just happen to be the recipient of a free pass. You get to go around the track and get back on the lead lap." Conversely, Goldberg told the NASCAR.COM Viewer's Guide in April 2004 the term "free pass" suits the audience easily because "it easily bridged us into explaining of what it is each time it happens." He also mentioned, for new viewers, the Fox terminology is easier to explain, especially since "we feel 'free pass' signals something happening better than throwing out the term 'lucky dog.'" Later, however, Fox agreed to  use the term on-air after rent-to-own company Aaron's paid to sponsor the 'award', even creating a cartoon dog character to accompany the captioning. Conditions. The rule applies regardless of the number of laps a car is behind the leader. Furthermore, a driver may not receive a beneficiary rule lap in certain situations: There are two restrictions on the pitting in regards to the beneficiary rule: In 2006, NASCAR began to use this rule at road course races, despite previous years where it was not used at road course events. In June 2009, double-file restart rule  changes resulted in changes to the Beneficiary Rule: The 2009 NASCAR rule change brings it in line with Grand-Am road racing, while rules where lapped cars between leaders may gain one lap were adopted in Formula One as of 2007. The lapped-car rule in Formula One applies when the "lapped cars may overtake" signal appears on team monitors from race control. In the IndyCar Series, lapped cars ahead of the leader following pit stops (which may happen if a lapped car does not pit during yellow when the lead lap cars do so) are allowed to move to  the tail end of the lead lap on restarts on the one lap to go signal—which automatically closes the pit lane until the restart. This ensures that the leaders take the green flag without interference from lapped traffic. NASCAR follows the same policy with the 2009 change to the Beneficiary Rule, except that pit lane is only closed to those cars that were waved around the safety car to allow the leaders to start at the front. Statistics. According to Jayski.com, seven drivers have won a race being the beneficiary in NASCAR Sprint Cup alone, with two drivers doing  it twice. Most beneficiaries accumulated in a race: NOTE: Kyle Busch was the beneficiary in five consecutive caution periods at the 2006 AMD at the Glen; the beneficiary rule was not used on road course events in 2004. The first driver not on the lead lap—no matter how many laps they are behind the leader—gains one lap back per beneficiary; another reason the rule is somewhat unpopular. In Busch's case, he lost five laps from repairs caused by an oil leak, and upon returning to the track, gained all five laps back through the beneficiary rule because  no other driver was between him and the lead lap on any of the caution periods.