Skif (anti-tank guided missile)
The Skif or Stugna-P is a Ukrainian anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed by the Luch Design Bureau. Its guidance device (ПН-С) is developed and manufactured by Belarusian design bureau Peleng based in Minsk. Skif is the Ukrainian word for "Scythian" and Stuhna (Stugna) is the name of a local river. The Skif is designed to destroy modern armored targets with combined carried or monolithic armor, including explosive reactive armor (ERA). Skifs can attack both stationary and moving targets. They can attack from both long range (up to 5 km in the  daytime) and close range (100m). They can attack point targets such as weapon emplacements, lightly armored objects, and hovering helicopters. The Skif has two targeting modes: manually steered, and automated fire-and-forget that uses no manual tracking of a target. In 2018, an upgraded export variant of the Skif was tested by the Ukrainian military. Design. The Skif consists of a tripod, missile container, PDU-215 remote control panel, guidance device, and thermographic camera (thermal imager). The PDU-215 control panel is a briefcase-like laptop computer with a control panel, holding a small joystick and a flat-panel display , that is connected to the firing unit by a cable, allowing it be used at distances up to 50 metres away. Two firing modes are available: manual, and fire-and-forget. Fire-and-forget provides automatic control of the missile flight using a targeting laser beam. A three to four-person team is optimal for deploying the Skif. Operators require specially-made backpacks. Once the missile is fired, the operator controls the Skif and corrects the aim when needed, by using the joystick on the remote control. The Skif's system has a shelf life of 15 years. The missiles  have a 10-year shelf life. The system comes complete with 130 mm and 152 mm caliber missiles in transport and launching containers. Tandem charge high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) RK-2S warheads might be able to counter medium weight main battle tanks such as the T-90A with penetration of 800 mm behind ERA. RK-2M-K warheads might be able to counter heavy main battle tanks such as M1 Abrams with their penetration of 1100 mm behind ERA. The system also includes high explosive (HE) fragmentation RK-2OF and RK-2М-OF warheads to attack infantry positions and light armored vehicles. The system  can use all four types of missiles with no modification. The system's thermal imager can be used during night operations. Variants. The system has four types of missiles in two different calibers. 130 mm missiles. System configuration with 130 mm missiles using RK-2S and RK-2OF warheads. This or a very similar version is fielded by the Ukrainian armed forces as the Stuhna-P (Stugna-P). 152 mm missiles. System configuration with 152 mm missiles using RK-2M-K and RK-2М-OF warheads: SERDAR. SERDAR is a stabilized remote controlled weapon station (RCWS). The system was developed jointly by the Luch  Design Bureau, Turkish company Aselsan Spets, and Techno Export, part of Ukraine’s Ukroboronprom enterprise. The system carries two (in some versions four) 130 mm or 152 mm missiles with RK-2S or RK-2M-K tandem-charge HEAT warheads. The system is also equipped with 12.7 mm and 7.62 mm caliber machine guns. A joint company for the production of Skif missiles was established in Turkey and production began in early 2020. Shershen. Shershen is a Belarusian ATGM based on Skif. It also has different types of 130 mm and 152 mm missiles. Operational history. The missile system was used during  the pre-2022 Russo-Ukrainian War by Ukrainian forces following first deliveries in 2018. However, it gained wider prominence against Russian Army forces during the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, alongside anti-tank systems provided by NATO countries such as the FGM-148 Javelin (US), NLAW (UK), and Panzerfaust 3 (Germany). On April 5, 2022, Ukrainian forces used the missile system to down a Russian Kamov Ka-52 attack helicopter. As the war has moved to the Donbas. Fighting has changed from wooded areas to open plains. The missile has been fitted light vehicles to make it mobile. The Stugna-P is being  used in the same way US forces used the TOW missile system in the 1980s and the Gulf War Desert Patrol Vehicle. It’s increased range gives it an edge over the NLAW and Javelin missiles. On 25 April, near Izyum, during one engagement four tanks were destroyed in 4 minutes by the same Stugna-P operator. Many of the missiles were to be exported to Middle Eastern countries. However upon the outbreak of war these export models were used by Ukrainian soldiers. In the video the operator appears to aim the sight just above the target until the missile  is launched. In an effort to avoid painting the target with a laser, the operator appears to aim above the tank, then at the target once the missile is in view. Using targeting reticle to steer the missile mid-flight.