Platygyra daedalea
Platygyra daedalea, sometimes known as the lesser valley coral, is a colonial species of stony coral in the family Merulinidae. It occurs on reefs in shallow water in the Indo-Pacific region. It is a common species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". Description. "Platygyra daedalea" usually forms massive dome or boulder-shaped colonies which may be a metre (yard) or more in diameter; however, sometimes it forms flattened plates or it may be encrusting. The polyps are situated in meandering valleys with low walls between  them which are often perforated. The septa are toothed and protuberant, usually with uneven or pointed tips. There is an obvious ridge, the columella, in the centre of the valley. The colour varies and there may be contrasting valleys and ridges. This coral can be distinguished from the similar but less common "Platygyra lamellina" by the fact that the valleys are wider and the walls between them have more vertical sides and have flatter tops. Distribution and habitat. "P. daedalea" is a common species with a widespread distribution in the Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from Madagascar, the east  coast of Africa, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, to Australia, Indonesia, Japan and the South China Sea. It is present in various reef environments, particularly on back reef slopes, from subtidal rocks down to about . It is particularly common in the Gulf of Thailand and South China Sea. Ecology. The polyps of "P. daedalea" expand at night to catch planktonic particles floating by. However, this coral obtains most of its nourishment from the dinoflagellates known as zooxanthellae it houses within its tissues. These provide organic carbon and nitrogen, the products of photosynthesis, to their host. To benefit  from this symbiotic arrangement, "P. daedalea" needs to grow in shallow, sunlit environments. "P. daedalea" is an aggressive coral and seeks to prevent competitors from overshadowing it. Researchers placed small colonies of this species alongside similar-sized colonies of the less-aggressive "Favites complanata". Some of the tentacles of "P. daedalea" developed into sweeper tentacles which then inflicted damage on the soft tissues of the adjoining "F. complanata". These sweeper tentacles were up to in length, about fifteen times as long as a normal tentacle, and well armed with cnidocytes. The soft tissue damage was extensive, the skeleton was laid  bare in places and sponges, algae and other fouling organisms grew on it. Three of the ten corals that were attacked eventually died.