Terefah
Terefah (, lit. "torn by a beast of prey"; plural treifot) refers to either: Biblical prohibition. The biblical prohibition of eating "terefah" stems from the verse: According to the Talmud, there were originally only eight types of terefah, however, the author(s) of the Mishnah added eighteen items to the list. Eventually, Maimonides added even more to finish the list of terefah conditions at 70. Rabbi Joseph Caro organized all of these symptoms in the Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De'ah, 29-60) by categorizing them according to parts of the animal, their minute malady, and any disease, fracture, or abnormality they may  possess. This prohibition should not be confused with a separate category of prohibition, called nevelah (a carcass), of eating of any kosher species of mammal or bird which died by any means other than shechita. Thus, an animal could only be considered a "terefah" while alive; once it dies of its "terefah" wound it would be considered a "nevelah". An important consequence is that a "terefah" which dies by "shechita", while not fit for kosher consumption, does not have the status and rules of "nevelah" (e.g. with regard to imparting ritual impurity). The first eight types. The Talmud enumerates eight  types of "terefah" that would make an animal unfit for ritual sacrifice according to Mosaic law: Influence in other languages. The word "terefah", via Yiddish (טרייף, treyf) and its verb form "tre"["i"/"j"/"y"]"f"["e"]"n" (the latter formed by applying Germanic orthographic and generative-grammatical patterns to the Hebrew root), gave rise to the concept of "" (deficient, illicit) in Polish. Certain food taboos in Suriname are known in Surinamese Dutch as "treef", derived from Sranan Tongo "trefu" and ultimately from "terefah" due to influence from Sephardi Jews who came to Suriname in the 17th century (similarly to Sranan "kaseri" 'ritually clean' from "kosher