The Night of Counting the Years
The Night of Counting the Years, also released in Arabic as The Mummy (Arabic: "Al-Mummia" المومياء), is a 1969 Egyptian film and the only feature film directed by Shadi Abdel Salam. The film was selected as the Egyptian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 43rd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It is the 3rd on the list of Top 100 Egyptian films. It remains one of the best examples of neo-realism in Egyptian cinema. Other notable examples include Youssef Chahine's "Al Ard" (The Earth , 1968) and "Al Usfur"(The Sparrow, 1972) as well as Tewfik Saleh’s The Dupes("Al Makhdu'un", 1973). Produced by Roberto Rossellini, who was instrumental in encouraging Abdel Salam to make the film, The Night of the Changing Years tells a story set among the grave robbers of Kurna in Upper Egypt. "Shadi Abdel Salam's The Mummy was the forerunner of what was to become the hallmark of the new realism, namely, the preoccupation with the search for identity and the relationship between heritage and character." The relationship between contemporary and Ancient Egypt is dealt with allegorically in the film. The  static images of landscape and the rigid expressions of the main characters reflect those of the statues and reliefs found in Ancient Egypt. The use of classical Arabic, not Egyptian dialect which is normally used in Egyptian cinema, reinforces the impression of monumentalism. The unrestrained sacking of the tombs is represented as a danger, threatening moral decline by inviting greed and sex to undermine the dignity of the tribe and its traditions, replacing the order of the world with chaos. Shadi Abdel Salam has said that his task was to remind Egyptians of their own history: "I think that the  people of my country are ignorant of our history and I feel that it is my mission to make them know some of it. I regard cinema not as a consumerist art, but as a historical document for the next generations." Although he went on to direct short fiction and documentaries, The Night of the Changing Years remains Abdel Salam's only full length feature film. Plot. This film is set in 1881, when Egypt was under the failing rule of the Ottoman Khedives, themselves overseen by the Anglo-French Caisse de la Dette, and a year before the start  of British colonial rule. It is based on the true story of the Abd el-Rassuls, an Upper-Egyptian clan that is stealing piecemeal a cache of mummies they have discovered at a tomb (known to modern Egyptologists as DB320) near the village of Kurna, and selling the artefacts on the black market. The film begins with Wanis (Ahmed Marei) and his older brother (Ahmed Hegazy) watching the funeral of their father Selim. The brothers have become the heads of the Horabat tribe, and their uncle shows them its dark secret – the tribe has been living off the treasures of  the ancient pharaohs buried in tombs within the mountain on which they live. The brothers are shocked on seeing their uncle beheading a mummy to obtain a gold necklace. They feel their life is built on a lie. The older brother complains to the family, who kill him and throw his body into the Nile. The secret thus falls solely onto the shoulders of Wanis, who struggles to reconcile his conscience with his loyalty to his people. The city people ("effendis"), wealthy Egyptian archeologists, have come - unusually in the hot summer - to try to identify the source of unexplained artefacts  which have been found on the black market, following a meeting with French Egyptologist Gaston Maspero. The trading has been led by Ayoub (Shafiq Noureddin), via Murad (Mohamed Babih), who also runs a brothel. Wanis tells Ayoub that the tribe will not trade with him again. Murad then tells Wanis that his uncle arranged for his brother to be killed; Murad says that Ayoub has sent him to repair the relationship with Wanis and acquire the remaining treasure. Wanis refuses, and walks to the steamboat carrying the effendi leadership. A team of archaeologists and soldiers are sent to the tomb , and the tomb is emptied of all the sarcophagi, which are loaded onto the boat. Reception. Critical reception for "The Night of Counting the Years" has been very positive, with Egyptian critics consistently list it as one of the greatest Egyptian films ever made. Aaron Cutler from "Slant Magazine" called it "both a classic film and a classic Arab film". "Time Out London" praised the film, calling it "Slow-moving but absorbing, and quite beautifully shot." The film was not without its detractors. Richard Eder of "The New York Times" was critical of the film, writing, "Most of the movie , is done with stupefying grandiloquence. Wherever the camera touches, it sticks and won't let go. Landscape, brooding close-ups—and how they all do brood—interminable patterns of black-robed figures against the white sand: Every shot lingers and lingers. The acting is heavy and hieratic, fogged with a pretentious mysticism."