Psycho Circus
Psycho Circus is the eighteenth studio album by American rock band Kiss and the first to involve all four original members since 1979's "Dynasty," While touted as a band effort, Peter Criss was only allowed to play drums on the Ace Frehley-penned track, "Into The Void", and guitarist Frehley was only allowed play on two regular album tracks, the one he wrote plus "You Wanted The Best". (He also played on a bonus track called "In Your Face", penned by Simmons). Some pressings featured a lenticular cover that alternates between a black Kiss logo and the  album title with pictures of a clown and the band members, while the Japan initial first pressing featured a pop-up cover which had three foam spring-loaded panels of a clown face and two others with band members faces that popped out when the doors were opened. "You Wanted the Best" is the only Kiss song in which lead vocals are shared by the entire lineup. Production. Following the highly successful 1996–97 reunion tour, "Psycho Circus" was marketed as the first new studio album by the band's original lineup since 1979's "Dynasty" (as Peter Criss did not  participate on the 1980s "Unmasked", although Criss' drum work is limited to only one of the nine songs on "Dynasty"). As with "Dynasty" and "Unmasked", however, many of the songs were recorded by uncredited players. Ace Frehley and Criss were used sparingly, with Criss playing drums only on "Into the Void". Peter Criss stated in "Makeup to Breakup: My Life in and Out of Kiss" that Paul Stanley was so determined not to work with him and Frehley in the studio that they were paid $850,000 each not to participate in the recording. Stanley and Simmons have claimed various , and often conflicting, reasons for their not playing much on the album from their not being capable, not showing up, to their wanting new financial deals, and to its being the producer's choice to not use them. In 2011, in Frehley's book "No Regrets", he says that he wrote a lot of songs for the album, one of those songs being titled "Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Rock 'n' Roll". He mentions that the title and song were deemed very similar to the song "I Pledge Allegiance to the State of Rock 'n' Roll". Frehley would record  the song under the title "Pursuit of Rock and Roll" for his 2018 solo album "Spaceman". Frehley's "Into the Void" was co-written with Karl Cochran and originally titled "Shakin' Sharp Shooter", but Simmons and Stanley were unhappy with the lyrics and title. Frehley then went up to a separate room and rewrote the lyrics to his song in 30 minutes. Despite Gene Simmons claiming he and Stanley needed to provide substantial help arranging the song, co-writer Karl Cochran has said, "as far as the basic song structure, almost nothing was changed from what Ace and I wrote . I have the original demos that were cut in Ace's studio, and basically, it's the same song. Ace just changed the title of the song after the demo was done, which Gene had mentioned to him". Even with the changes the song very nearly didn't happen for the album with producer Bruce Fairbairn being unsure that Frehley could get the song fixed in time to record it the next day. He was still finishing the final verse in the studio as the recording commenced. Once recorded, Frehley was unhappy with the mix and insisted on remixing the  track himself to make the song more raw, with the guitars and drums higher in the mix. The song "Within" was originally written and demoed for Kiss's previous album "" and contains the original backwards guitar intro from the demo by previous Kiss member Bruce Kulick. In a radio interview with Eddie Trunk following his departure, Criss stated that only "Into the Void" featured instrumental contributions from all four members. Regarding the lack of cohesion in the group at the time of recording, Paul Stanley stated, "We tried to do a Kiss album, and it was an ill-fated attempt  because there was no real band," and continued by adding, "For a band to make a great album, it has to share a common purpose...and we didn't have it." In 2014, Stanley changed stories yet again, claiming that Criss and Frehley were trying to renegotiate deals and get to compose more songs when he and Simmons thought that "Why would they be equal partners? The band had existed [for many years without them]." Although the subsequent Kiss Farewell Tour was meant to "put Kiss out of its misery", Stanley eventually decided to continue playing because "I don't  want "Psycho Circus" to be our last album. It's not a good memory." Bruce Fairbairn was brought in to produce the album, and stated that he wanted to stay away from gimmicks and trends such as guest appearances, just "tried to stay true to what Kiss does best and people remember them for." The album was mostly recorded at Los Angeles's A&M Studios and One on One Recording Studios, with the performances being first recorded with analogue equipment, and then digitized for mixing and overdubs. Afterwards, it was mixed by Mick Guzauski in his New York studio, and  mastered by Fairbarn and Kiss' longtime partner George Marino at Sterling Sound, New York. Fairbairn complimented the band for being collaborative, declaring that "it had the potential to be a nightmare because they're all disparate and strong characters, musically and as people." It is sometimes assumed that "Psycho Circus" is based on the comic-book series "", which debuted the year before the album was released; however, while it is true that the album had not been conceived at the time the comic book was first published, Simmons claims that the "Psycho Circus" concept was originally created as a Kiss  tour theme. Reception. "Psycho Circus" debuted at #3 on the "Billboard" 200, selling 110,000 copies in its first week of release, and was certified gold by the RIAA on October 22, 1998. "Rolling Stone" said, "Psycho Circus — an album of platform-stomping rhythms, roller-coaster guitar riffs and sing-along choruses — is far more respectable than any of the awkward flops from the no-makeup years." "Entertainment Weekly" (9/25/98, p. 106) said, "This is rock with a capital R, captured in all its cheesy glory... This new effort proves that in the circus of hard-rock dinosaurs, Kiss remains its  Barnum & Bailey." "Well up to the band's usual standards of corny hoopla," wrote Clark Collis in "The Daily Telegraph". "Typical of the beast is 'I Pledge Allegiance to the State of Rock & Roll' — three and a half minutes of hilariously bombastic pomp-rock that simply crushes thoughts of all post-glam musical developments beneath a silver-painted stack-heel boot." The song "Dreamin'" bears some resemblance to Alice Cooper's 1970 hit "I'm Eighteen". A month after the release of "Psycho Circus", Cooper's publisher filed a plagiarism suit, which was settled out of court in Cooper's  favor. Accolades. The album was voted Album of the Year in the 1998 "Metal Edge" Readers' Choice Awards, while the title track won Song of the Year and Best Video Clip. Personnel. Kiss Additional musicians