Fair trade certification
A fair trade certification is a product certification within the market-based movement fair trade. The most widely used fair trade certification is FLO International's, the International Fairtrade Certification Mark, used in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Fair Trade Certified Mark is the North American equivalent of the International Fairtrade Certification Mark. , there were more than 1,000 companies certified by FLO International's certification and a further 1,000 or so certified by other ethical and fairtrade certification schemes around the world. The Fairtrade International certification system covers a wide range of products, including banana , coffee, cocoa, cotton, cane sugar, flowers and plants, honey, dried fruit, fruit juices, herbs, spices, tea, nuts, and vegetables. How it works. Fair trade is a strategy for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. It aims to create greater equity in the international trading system. It creates social and economic opportunities through trading partnerships with marginalised farmers and craftspeople in developing countries so that more customers are accessible to their products and they receive a favorable deal. In return, the producers must comply with the standards set by the certifying authority. Packers in developed countries pay a fee to the Fairtrade  organisation for the right to use the Fairtrade certification logo. Importers of Fairtrade certified products must pay exporters a price higher than the market price for non-Fairtrade certified products, to cover additional costs borne by Fairtrade certified firms in marketing and inspection. Any surplus after paying these costs must be used for social, environmental, and economic projects. Fairtrade Standards. Fairtrade Standards aid the sustainable development of some smaller producers and agricultural workers in third world countries. In order to become certified Fairtrade producers, the cooperatives and their farmers have to comply with standards set by Fairtrade International. FLO-CERT  inspects and certifies producer organizations in more than 70 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The standards set for different stakeholders are as follows: Fairtrade Pricing. The Fairtrade system consists of two types of pricing: the Minimum Price and the Premium. These are paid to the exporters according to the proportion of output companies are able to sell with the brand 'Fairtrade Certified', typically ranging from 17% to 60% of their turnover. How fairtrade measures its impact. The Fairtrade system committed to a programme of Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning (MEL), which aims at generating recommendations and analysis in  support of greater effectiveness and impact. is monitored by market-facing organizations present in countries where Fairtrade certified products are sold; market data is consolidated by Fairtrade International on an annual basis. These data form a basis for understanding the dynamics of how certification is developing, and how the impacts of Fairtrade are being distributed between producer organizations, geographies and products. Fairtrade's governance bodies also review key results and evaluate regularly in order to improve strategy and decision-making. These results are publicised within the Fairtrade system and among relevant stakeholders for further discussion of findings and recommendations. Criticisms . Little money reaches the farmers. The Fairtrade Foundation does not monitor how much of the premium paid to exporters reaches farmers. As the cooperatives incur heavy fees on inspection, certification, and marketing, only a small amount of money is retained for the farmers. In general, Fairtrade producers are only able to sell 18% to 37% of their output as Fairtrade certified, while the rest is sold as uncertified at market prices. Fairtrade helps the rich to a larger extent. Fair Trade is profitable for traders in rich countries rather than those in poor countries. In order to qualify as Fairtrade  producers, cooperatives must meet the strict standards set by certifiers, which implies that their constituent farmers must be quite skillful and educated. However, these farmers are predominantly from the poorest countries and lack the leverage to bargain with the cooperatives. Corruption even occurs in some cases. Inefficient marketing system. Fairtrade certified products sold through a monopsonist cooperative may be inefficient and prone to corruption. Fairtrade farmers should have the right to choose the buyer who offers the best price, or switch when their cooperatives are going bankrupt. A monopsonist cooperative in charge of Fairtrade certification may try to grow the  fair trade industry for profit and not so much for the lives of the small farmers. At this point they are trying to increase the supply of fair trade when the supply is already far beyond the demand.