Patterson River
The Patterson River is a partly man-made urban river of the Port Phillip catchment in the Australian east coast state of Victoria, located in the outer southeastern suburbs of the Greater Melbourne region. Under the name "Patterson", it is the shortest river in Victoria at only in length, although its main stem tributary and "de facto" upper section, the Dandenong Creek, is over long. Location and features. The man-made river was constructed in 1878 as the Patterson Cut to assist the drainage of coastal swamplands located in what is now the suburb of Carrum. The headwaters  of its two main tributaries, Dandenong Creek and Eumemmerring Creek, both originate in the Dandenong Ranges, and the "Patterson"-named section only refers to the lower reach formed after the confluence of the two creeks southwest of , approximately southeast of Melbourne CBD. The river then flows generally southwest (picking up numerous minor drainage channels) before emptying into Beaumaris Bay, an eastern bight within Port Phillip Bay just north of the Mornington Peninsula. The waterway descends merely over its course, and provides boat access to canals and marinas in the suburbs of Patterson Lakes, Carrum and Bonbeach. As one of the few  designated safe harbours on the city side of the bay, the Patterson River is the most popular boating gateway to Port Phillip Bay. The thriving canal system of the Patterson Lakes residential area and the wet and dry storage at the Patterson Lakes Marina combine with four public boat ramps to make an extremely busy waterway. The river is traversed by the Nepean Highway at Carrum, and the Mornington Peninsula Freeway at Patterson Lakes. History. In 1866, the Carrum Carrum Swamp was surveyed and the land between Mordialloc Creek and Keast Park in Seaford was divided into 18 allotments and  sold by auction for around three pounds per acre. In 1871 the government opened it for selection. The swamp was an impediment to the settlers and there was much discussion on how to reclaim the land, the first contracts for drainage works commenced in 1873. Attempts to reclaim the lower swamplands were ineffective. In 1876 it was decided to cut a wide channel to Port Phillip Bay through widening and deepening Carrum Creek. It was to be known as the "Patterson Cut" and was named after Sir James Patterson , at the time the Victorian Minister for Public Works; and later  Premier. The suburb of Patterson Lakes was to be located in Carrum on what was originally part of the Carrum Carrum Swamp. The Carrum Carrum Swamp was drained in 1879 when the Patterson Cut (formed in 1876), and other drainage measures were undertaken to prevent flooding of the Eumemmering Creek, which overflowed into the Carrum Carrum Swamp. When the Patterson Cut was dug the area that is now occupied by Patterson Lakes was turned to farmland with mainly dairy cattle. By the late 1960s farming activities had just about ceased, and the area was popular with fox and rabbit shooters . In 1974 the first soil was turned in the preliminary stages of the development of Patterson Lakes, where sites for housing and apartments overlooking the marina and the river were identified. A canal system called the Tidal Canal and the Quiet Lakes were developed, where the Tidal Canal adjoined to the Patterson River. Ecology. Indigenous floral species along the Patterson River include the silver wattle, lightwood, blackwood, black she-oak, river red gum, spike wattle, hedge wattle, scrub she-oak, jagged fireweed, silvertop wallaby grass, Australian salt-grass and the blue tussock grass. Non-indigenous floral species include the sheep 's burr, angled onion, lesser joyweed, broom spurge, common swamp wallaby grass, pointed centrolepis, common spikerush and small spikerush. Reptilian species include the Bougainville's skink, grass skink, tree dragon, copperhead snake and tiger snake. Aquatic species include the striped marsh frog, water rat, platypus, bream, flathead, tupong, Australian salmon, leatherjacket, yellow-eye mullet, silver trevally, black crab, spider crab, eel, bass yabbies, mussels and pippies. Bird species include the nankeen (rufous) night heron, white-faced heron, chestnut teal, straw-necked ibis, pacific black duck, pacific gull, silver gull, magpie-lark, Australian pelican, little pied cormorant, royal spoonbill, masked lapwing , whiskered (marsh) tern and caspian tern. The Patterson River abounds with fish. There have been several reports of illegal fishing over the years, however the fish populations always seem to fight back in this popular waterway. A number of charter companies operate from Patterson River. Bream and a few other varieties of fish can be sourced from the Tidal Canal and Patterson River systems. Facilities. Adjacent to the river, there are a number of recreational facilities, including: