Ellen Marriage
Ellen Marriage (26 August 1865 – 23 December 1946) was an English translator from French, notably of Balzac's novels. She put an effort into ensuring readability and accuracy that was unusual in translators of her period. Life. Marriage was born in Stratford, Essex, into the Quaker family of James Haworth Marriage (1839–1913), a confectionery maker, and his wife, Mary, née Brookfield (1835–1899). All four children were sent to Quaker schools – she and her two sisters to The Mount School, York. On leaving she went to work as an invoice clerk, but she was already reading widely in English  and French and doing some writing. Marriage met the English journalist Edmund Garrett (1865–1907) while they were both patients at a Suffolk sanatorium in 1901, he with tuberculosis, she with neurasthenia. They were married on 26 March 1903 and moved first to St Ives, Cornwall, then to Plympton in Devon. Marriage returned to the Home Counties after Garrett's death. In the 1920s she was living in Notting Hill. In the early 1930s she moved to Malvern, Worcestershire, where she died. Translations. A. R. Waller, a critic who was a neighbour of the Marriage family, suggested she do translations when  he proposed to the London publisher J. M. Dent that his firm embark on the first complete edition of Balzac's immense novel cycle "La Comédie humaine". Hitherto only a few of the novels had appeared in the United Kingdom singly. George Saintsbury was appointed editor and work began. Forty volumes duly appeared between 1895 and 1898, although five others were omitted as too shocking for Victorian English tastes. Marriage, under her own name and under the pseudonym "James Waring" for some of the "bolder works", did most of the translation, except for 13 volumes done by Clara Bell (1834–1927 ), and one volume done by Rachel Scott. Ferragus, Chief of the Devorants was translated in 1905. "Father Goriot", the Marriage translation of "Le Père Goriot", had gone through 54 editions by 2006 and was still held then by 1306 libraries worldwide. Marriage earned only about £3–4 a week while she worked on the project, but put an effort into ensuring it was readable and accurate that was unusual for translators in that period. She visited France to check details and researched specialist vocabulary on heraldry and other subjects. However, she found it lonely work, and never undertook another project  on this scale. Many of the volumes remained in print for decades in Dent's Everyman's Library. Three of Marriage's Balzac translations are available on Wikisource. The only other literary works that Marriage translated were Henri Murger's "Scènes de la vie de bohème" (1901) and Marcel Prévost's "Frédérique" (1900) and "Lea" (1902). She prepared her husband's translations of Ibsen's poetry for the press while he was alive. After his death, she revised an earlier translation he had done of Ibsen's verse tragedy "Brand". Journalism. Marriage also wrote for the daily press, often anonymously  and mainly on Balkan affairs, helped by the fact that her sister Elizabeth had married a Bulgarian diplomat, Constantin Mincoff. She was related by marriage to Millicent Fawcett and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, and showed interest in the women's suffrage movement. She did some work for the suffragist newspaper "Common Cause".