Booker T. Washington High School (Oklahoma)
Booker T. Washington High School is a high school in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was named after the African-American education pioneer Booker T. Washington. It is part of the Tulsa Public Schools system. Overview. Booker T. Washington is a public high school that accepts students based upon their academic merit, rather than their geographical location. The school uses applicants' middle school grades and attendance record, as well as their Iowa Tests of Educational Development scores, to determine admission. To ensure greater ethnic, economic, and intellectual diversity, students who live in historically minority and economically  depressed neighborhoods are offered preferential consideration. History. Oklahoma statehood brought about segregated schools for African-American children. The first such school in Tulsa was a two-room wooden building built in 1908 on Hartford Avenue, between Cameron and Easton Streets. It served grades 1 through 8 until 1913. In that year, Dunbar Grade School opened at 504 Easton Street in an 18-room brick building, with a four-room frame building that served as a high school. Booker T. Washington High School was founded in 1913, with a class of fourteen students and a staff of two teachers. The principal  was E.W. Woods, a native of Louisville, Mississippi, who had just moved to Tulsa from Memphis, Tennessee. According to legend, Woods walked all the way from Tennessee to Oklahoma when he learned the new school was advertising for a principal. The original school building was at the corner of Elgin Avenue and Easton Street, in the Greenwood district of Tulsa. By 1920, the four-room high school had been replaced by a three-story brick building. This continued to operate for nearly three decades. Tulsa Race Massacre. The high school escaped destruction during the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921. Immediately  after the massacre, the American Red Cross used the building as its headquarters for relief activities. About 2,000 people were temporarily sheltered there. A hospital facility was set up, along with a dental clinic, a venereal disease clinic, and a medical dispensary. The Red Cross inoculated about 1,800 refugees against tetanus, typhoid and smallpox. Desegregation. The Tulsa Public Schools district was slow to react to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that "de jure" racial segregation was unconstitutional in the "Brown v. Board of Education" decision in 1954, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed all racial segregation in  the United States. During the 1971–72 school year a small number of progressive Caucasian students voluntarily transferred to Booker T. Washington in a special program called "Metro." The program was successful as a proof that voluntary desegregation would work at Booker T. Washington High. In 1973 Booker T. Washington was chosen to be the vehicle for Tulsa's school desegregation program. Tulsa was - and still is - racially divided along north–south lines, and the school was in historically African-American north Tulsa, making this the first integration program in a historically African-American school. The Tulsa School Board established a  system of desegregation busing. As part of this policy, Booker T. Washington became a magnet school; it no longer had a home neighborhood from which students were accepted. Students instead had to apply for admission and were drawn from across the district. A racial quota system was established and, until the 2004–2005 school year, 45% of the students accepted identified themselves as "white," 45% as "black," and 10% came from other ethnic categories. However, in 2003, the Supreme Court ruled in "Grutter v. Bollinger" and "Gratz v. Bollinger" that quota systems constituted racial discrimination and violated the Constitution. Booker T.  Washington High School accepted the ruling and eliminated their quota system in favor of a system based on geography. Due to Tulsa's regional demographics, this system is calibrated to maintain a similar racial distribution to the old quota system. Present day. The fourth home of the Booker T. Washington High School opened at 1631 E. Woodrow Place in September 1950, graduating its first class in 1951. That building was replaced by a new one at the same location in 2003. Booker T. Washington was one of the first Tulsa public high schools to offer Advanced Placement courses and began  offering the International Baccalaureate program in 1983. The 2003–2004 school year marked the 90th anniversary of Booker T. Washington and the dedication of a new $25 million, school building. This building was designed to encompass the rich heritage of the school and tried to incorporate many themes from the previous facility. A portion of the original building has been preserved. Academics and administration. Booker T. Washington is accredited by the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) to grant the IB Diploma to students who complete the two-year programme. Booker T. also offers Advanced Placement courses, with the exception of AP  Italian Language and Culture and AP United States Government and Politics. Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate courses are taught in English, math, social studies, science, computer health, foreign language, and the arts. Booker T. Washington High School was part of a study by the Education Trust and the ACT. Published in 2005, "On Course for Success" focused on high performing, diversely populated schools that provide students with college-preparatory courses, qualified teachers, flexible teaching styles, and extra tutorial support. The study identified specific academic skills that should to be taught to high school students to prepare graduates for college. The  study focused on English, math, and science courses, and claimed that Booker T. Washington was "doing things right." The school offers eight world languages: Spanish, French, German, Latin, Chinese, Japanese, Italian, and Russian. All are offered through level V. In 2005, 81% of the student body was enrolled in a world language, and 10% was enrolled in a level IV language class or higher. Booker T. Washington has active exchange programs with China, Japan, Russia, Germany, Mexico, Paraguay, Venezuela, India, and many European countries. In 2010, Booker T. Washington placed 74th in "Newsweek" magazine's list of the top 100  public high schools in the US. The magazine ranked high schools according to the ratio of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests taken by all students to the number of graduating seniors. Athletics. Booker T. Washington has won 53 state championships. Several former Booker T. athletes have gone on to the NFL and NBA, such as Wayman Tisdale and Robert Meachem. Booker T. plays home football games at S.E. Williams Stadium. In 2011, Booker T. Washington's 2010-2011 repeat 5A State Championship Basketball team was ranked No. 20 in the RivalsHigh100 top basketball teams in the nation. Booker T.