The Secret Life of Plants
The Secret Life of Plants (1973) is a book by Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird. The book documents controversial experiments that claim to reveal unusual phenomena regarding plants such as plant sentience, discovered through experimentation. It goes on to discuss philosophies and progressive farming methods based on these findings. The book was heavily criticized by scientists for promoting pseudoscientific claims. Authors. Christopher Bird was a best-selling author who also wrote "The Divining Hand: The 500-Year-Old Mystery of Dowsing". Peter Tompkins worked as a journalist, as well as a US military intelligence officer  for the OSS in Italy during the Second World War Summary. The book includes summaries of the life and work of 20th century scientists Jagadish Chandra Bose and Corentin Louis Kervran as well as 19th century scientist George Washington Carver. The book includes experiments on plant stimuli using a polygraph, a method which was pioneered by Cleve Backster. Parts of the book attempt to disparage science, particularly plant biology, for example by claiming science is not concerned with "what makes plants live", in order to promote its own viewpoint that plants have emotions. The authors further say the authorities are  unable to accept that emotional plants "might originate in a supramaterial world of cosmic beings which, as fairies, elves, gnomes, sylphs, and a host of other creatures, were a matter of direct vision and experience to clairvoyants among the Celts and other sensitives." Criticism. The book has been criticized by botanists such as Arthur Galston for endorsing pseudoscientific claims. According to Galston and physiologist Clifford L. Slayman many of the claims in the book are false or unsupported by independent verification and replicable studies. Botanist Leslie Audus noted that the book is filled with nonsensical "outrageous" claims and should be  regarded as fiction. Documentary. The book was the basis for the 1979 documentary film of the same name, directed by Walon Green and featuring a soundtrack by Stevie Wonder, later released as "Journey through the Secret Life of Plants". The film made use of time-lapse photography (where plants are seen growing in a few seconds, creepers reach out to other plants and tug on them, mushrooms and flowers open). The film was originally distributed by Paramount Pictures.