Southern muriqui
General Habitat & Range. The southern muriqui ("Brachyteles arachnoides") is a muriqui (woolly spider monkey) species endemic to Brazil. It is found in the Brazilian states of Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. This New World monkey is known locally as "mono carvoeiro", which translates to "charcoal monkey". Description. Muriquis are the largest New World monkeys and largest non-human native primates in the Americas. Male muriquis have a head-body length of , with a tail of and a body weight of . Females have a head-body length of , a tail length of and  a body weight of . The tails are fully prehensile. The southern muriqui, "B. arachnoides", has a solid black face, distinguishing it from the northern species, "B. hypoxanthus", which has a black face mottled with pink. Diet. Southern muriqui are frugivores, which means that fruit is the "preferred" food type. They have been claimed to possess the most diverse fruit diet in the Atlantic, and also consume leaves and flowers. Habitat Pressures. This species is considered endangered because of habitat destruction, hunting pressures, and historic population declines. Only two captive populations of the southern muriqui exist. They are housed at the  zoos of Curitiba and Sorocaba. The latter is located 80 km from the only long-term investigation of the southern muriqui in continuous forest, the Carlos Botelho State Park. The wild population was estimated at 1,300 in 2005. Interesting Facts. Like chimpanzees, male southern muriquis are philopatric, while females immigrate to spread genetic diversity and avoid incestuous breeding with their relatives. They preferentially eat fruit, flowers, and buds and rely on tree bark and leaves as fallback food. Males within a community are tolerant of each other and intergroup aggression is rare. Although this species is nicknamed the "hippie monkey , due to their relaxed intergroup relationships, their attitude towards outsider males is far from harmonious, as group of males was observed killing a male from outside their group(a trait shared with chimpanzees), though it is not known if this degree of aggression is natural or induced due to a lack of recourses. It is also unclear if northern muriquis also exhibit this degree of aggression. Scientific Studies. Diet in primates is the main determinant of behavioral and ecological strategies. Primates such as the Southern Muriqui can use more than one dietary type to fulfill nutrient and energy needs. Time is 	Southern muriqui
6019284	an important currency for various tasks such as expending energy, reproduction, and survival. Southern muriquis are diurnal in which they must optimize time allocation for daily activities such as finding food to acquire energy and other various activities. Activity patterns provide us with valuable insight on how these primates organize their lives and this elucidates the importance of each activity. Energy requirements and capture are based on body size and even individual requirements are also needed. Muriquis are the largest neotropical species and are considered a flagship species. Taxonomy of muriquis is also controversial because scientists believe that they are 	Southern muriqui
6019285	a monotypic genus while others favor a 2-species classification system. In 2005, scientists, zookeepers, NGOs, and many others discussed priorities and strategies to protect muriquis from extinction. The Brazilian government in 2010 recognized the National Action Plan for the Conservation of Muriquis. Muriquis play a major role in seed dispersal and are known to provide complementary foraging opportunities for tapirs.