Buku Jingga
Buku Jingga, a Malay phrase literally translated as Orange Book, was a political manifesto of the Malaysian political coalition Pakatan Rakyat, which was made up of three major component parties: Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), People's Justice Party (PKR) and Democratic Action Party (DAP).<ref name="http://www.ar-rifke.com/2011/01/apa-itu-buku-jingga-pr-download-buku-jingga-percuma.html" ></ref> "Buku Jingga" was agreed by the parties during the Second Pakatan Rakyat Convention in Penang on 19 December 2010. It acted as an alternative to Barisan Nasional's policies such as the Economic Transformation Programme, New Economic Model  (NEM) and the Government Transformation Programme (GTP) "Buku Jingga" outlined a stand on various issues, including a 100-day reform plan. This included increases in teachers' incentives, abolishment of the highway toll system and the Internal Security Act (ISA), and the increase of royalties paid by the government to oil-producing states in Malaysia. Common Policy Platform. These are the basic principles set out by the Pakatan Rakyat which have been put into practice in several Pakatan Rakyat controlled states in Malaysia with several key people-friendly policies to achieve distributive growth. Freeing Our National Institutions. Pakatan Rakyat vows to : Achieving Prosperity Through a Fairer Distribution of Income. Pakatan Rakyat believes that hardships and poverty faced by majority of Malaysians are caused by uneven distribution of income. Therefore, it vows to: Increasing the People's Disposable Income. Pakatan Rakyat believes that there has been an incessive erosion of the rakyat's purchasing power, as inflation continues to outpace increases in salaries. In addition to promoting productivity growth, there is an increasing pressure to address the problem of rising costs which are suppressing the disposable income of the people. Productivity growth will require the development of an effective education system, the  growth of investments and the promotion of R&D. This will take time to implement and achieve. However, the party coalition believes it can address unjustified high costs of utilities due to corporate monopolies and put the steps to ensure abundance of affordable housing immediately. Therefore, Pakatan Rakyat vows to: Transparency Empowering the People. Besides that, Pakatan Rakyat thinks that the people possess the right to monitor the effectiveness of any government – to ensure good and clean administration. Pakatan Rakyat vows to: Emphasizing Education and Educators. Recognising the immense contribution of the educators towards the nation's development and social solidarity , Pakatan Rakyat vows to: A Culture of Knowledge is the Core of our Universities. Under regime of Barisan Nasional, Pakatan Rakyat believes that Malaysian universities are trapped in a crisis of credibility and quality. This is a pressing and major problem for the nation. Aside from that, Pakatan Rakyat believes that no further time can be wasted, and that urgent and specific attention is needed, with a concerted effort to restore the standard of the varsities. Therefore, Pakatan Rakyat vows to: Combating Corruption. Identifying the widespread destructive trends wrought by corruption upon the nation, Pakatan Rakyat vows to: Sabah and  Sarawak as Equal Partners. Recognizing the position of Sabah and Sarawak as equal partners in the Malaysian Federation, and honouring previous agreements made, Pakatan Rakyat vows to: Government position. Malaysia's Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, has dismissed Buku Jingga as "not worth the paper it is printed on". In a speech on 31 September, he said that Pakatan's masterplan which amongst others aimed to restructure subsidies and abolish tolls was not feasible, arguing that doing so would spell the end of Bursa Malaysia since most of the concessionaires are public-listed companies. He said as well  that Pakatan's promise to wipe out the National Higher Education Fund Corporation's (PTPTN) RM33bil debt was also not doable. PAS Hudud Vs Pakatan Rakyat Buku Jingga. One of the component parties of Pakatan Rakyat, PAS, explicitly states that its mission is to create an Islamic state guided by Islamic principles. As such, UMNO Kelantan delegate Mohd Afandi Yusoff has criticised Buku Jingga for not including hudud law, accusing PAS of abandoning their Islamic principles.