Saline County, Illinois
Saline County is a county in Southern Illinois. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 23,768. The largest city and county seat is Harrisburg. This area of Southern Illinois is known locally as "Little Egypt". Three major towns in Saline County are connected by U.S. Route 45, and formerly by the now abandoned Cairo and Vincennes/Big Four/New York Central Line, from north to south, Eldorado, Harrisburg, and Carrier Mills. Saline County is currently the 79th wealthiest county in the state, out of 102. History. Saline County was formed from Gallatin County in 1847 . It is named for the Saline River and the springs which salt was produced from in the early history of Gallatin County. Saline County was almost named "Moredock County", in honor of John Moredock, who was known as the "Indian slayer". A militia officer and a member of the territorial legislature, Moredock had lost his mother and brother in an Indian attack in 1786, when they were traveling from Pennsylvania to Illinois down the Ohio River. Moredock had been traveling with another group, which arrived on the scene to find Moredock's mother's body horribly mutilated. He managed to  track down and kill every member of the band that did it, and he thereafter spent much of his life ambushing and killing Native Americans, hostile or not. Controversial because of this, he was nevertheless a popular figure in early Illinois. Moredock died in 1830. The creation of Saline County itself was extremely controversial. Illinois originally had a small number of very large counties. As more settlers arrived, new counties were formed from the original counties. Gallatin County was formed in 1812, but it soon was divided into fifteen counties, with what remained of Gallatin county becoming what is now  Saline County. This persisted for several decades after the era of rapid formation of counties. Old Shawneetown was the original county seat of Gallatin County. At that time Old Shawneetown was the largest city and commercial center of Illinois. It was, however, located on the eastern edge of the County. In 1826, the county seat was moved to the new village of Equality, near the center of what was then Gallatin County. Old Shawneetown opposed this move, and sought redress by splitting off Saline County, with the aim of moving the County seat of what remained back to Old Shawneetown . Thus the impetus for the formation of Saline County came not from settlers at the fringe of the county, but from the core of the original county. Saline County was created by a voice vote in the General Assembly in 1847. Completion of the formation of the county, however, involved three acts of the General Assembly, four decisions of the Illinois Supreme Court and two referendums. The controversy came to involve the leading attorneys of Illinois, including Abraham Lincoln. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.8%) is  water. The Saline County area is mostly rolling hills throughout gradually rising to the Hills of the Shawnee National Forest. The Saline River flows through the central point of the county in three forks: North, Middle, and South. To the north of Eldorado there are flat lowlands. Climate and weather. In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Harrisburg have ranged from a low of in January to a high of in July, although a record low of was recorded in February 1951 and a record high of was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from  in September to in May. Transportation. Public transportation. Public transportation is provided by the Rides Mass Transit District and Harrisburg Taxi. Demographics. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 24,913 people, 10,379 households, and 6,631 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 11,697 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 93.0% white, 4.0% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.4% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the  population. In terms of ancestry, 17.8% were Irish, 16.6% were German, 12.9% were American, and 11.1% were English. Of the 10,379 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.1% were non-families, and 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age was 41.7 years. The median income for a household in the county was $35,644 and the median income for a family  was $46,314. Males had a median income of $41,108 versus $28,464 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,903. About 13.4% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.5% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over. Economy. Coal mining makes up the largest percentage of industrial employment in Saline County. The county was home to the now closed Galatia Mine, which by industry standards is the largest underground coal mine in Illinois and currently employs close to 500 workers. The mining  and exploration industry feeds other sources of employment such as coal and materials hauling and excavation. Construction fields and services also benefit from Saline County's mining industry. Other employment in the county is generally made up by the medical, social and state services. Harrisburg is home to the Harrisburg Illinois Youth Center which is operated by Illinois Department of Corrections and holds male juvenile offenders. The county is served by Southeastern Illinois College, a two-year community college located on state highway 13 about 6 miles east of Harrisburg. Hospitals serving the county are Harrisburg Medical Center and Ferrell  Hospital in Eldorado. Public health services are administered by Egyptian Health Department. Communities. Townships. Saline County is divided into thirteen townships: