Kaiser roll
The Kaiser roll ("Emperor roll", ), also called a Vienna roll (; as made by hand also: , ), or a hard roll, is a typically crusty round bread roll, originally from Austria. It is made from white flour, yeast, malt, water and salt, with the top side usually divided in a symmetric pattern of five segments, separated by curved superficial cuts radiating from the centre outward or folded in a series of overlapping lobes resembling a crown. The crisp is a traditional Austrian food officially approved by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture. Origin. Kaiser rolls have existed in a recognizable form  since at least 1760. They are thought to have been named to honor Emperor () Franz Joseph I of Austria (born 1830, reigned 1848–1916). In the 18th century a law fixed retail prices of (bread rolls) in the Habsburg monarchy. Allegedly, the name came into general use after the bakers' guild sent a delegation in 1789 to Emperor Joseph II ( 1741, 1765–1790) and convinced him to deregulate the price of bread rolls. With its monarchical connotation, Kaiser rolls stood out against common rolls known as ("mouth rolls") or ("cobbler's rolls"). They are traditionally found in Austria, but have also become  popular in other countries of the former Austrian Habsburg Empire, such as the Galicia region in Poland and later the whole country (where it is known as ), Croatia, Slovenia, and Serbia (), Hungary (), the Czech Republic (císařská žemle, císařská houska, kaiserka) and Slovakia (), as well as in Germany, the United States, and Canada. During Austrian rule in Lombardy, Italian bakers produced a hollow version known as or . Variations. A handmade Kaiser roll is known as a () according to the standards collection. There are multiple variants of the common roll, differing in size, type of flour used, and toppings. While traditionally plain , Kaiser-style rolls are today found topped with poppy seeds, sesame seeds, pumpkin kernels, linseed, or sunflower seeds. The Kaiser roll is a main part of a typical Austrian breakfast, usually served with butter and jam. It is often used as a bun for such popular sandwiches as hamburgers in America, and with a slice of in Germany and Austria, though sliced and pickled gherkins (), or a type of () are also used. A variation called a kümmelweck (alternatively spelled "kimmelweck" or "kummelweck") is topped with kosher salt and caraway, and in the United States is an essential component of a  Buffalo-area specialty, the beef on weck sandwich. In much of eastern New York state — New York City, Long Island, the Hudson Valley and the Adirondacks — and throughout New Jersey and Connecticut, Kaiser rolls are known as "hard rolls", and are staples of delicatessen and convenience stores. The Wisconsin variety of "hard roll", which was formed over the decades by the bakeries of Sheboygan to be paired with the local specialty of bratwurst (either in a long single bun or circular "double brat" roll), features a fluffy consistency on the inside with a crust on the crown of the bun , though most of the steps and some ingredients in the creation of Sheboygan hard rolls are proprietary, and can vary by each bakery's own recipe.