St. Helena, California
St. Helena ( ; Wappo: "Anakotanoma") is a city in Napa County, in the Wine Country of California. Located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, the population was 5,814 at the 2010 census. St. Helena is a popular tourist destination, owing to its vineyards and culinary scene. The city is the center of St. Helena American Viticultural Area, which includes 416 vineyards encompassing of vineyards. St. Helena is the location of The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone and a campus of Napa Valley College. History. St. Helena was first inhabited by a native  American group known as the Wappo people. They spoke Yukian and are believed to have first settled in St. Helena as early as 2000 B.C. The Wappo name for the area is "Anakotanoma", meaning "Bull Snake Village". The town was likely named after a nearby mountain known as Mount St. Helena. St. Helena officially became a town on March 24, 1876, and by 1866 the population grew to 1,800 inhabitants. Shortly after in 1868, the first railroad was created in St. Helena allowing for shipment of resources such as fruit and mining products. The newly built train tracks also brought  in tourists. Ellen White, co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, had a home called Elmshaven near St. Helena, beginning in 1900. She died there in 1915, and the site is now a National Historic Landmark. Both the Beringer Vineyards and the Charles Krug Winery are California Historical Landmarks. St. Helena's community center was built as a Carnegie library; it served as the city library from 1908 to 1978. Geography. St. Helena has a total area of , of which is land and (0.81%) is water. Climate. The National Weather Service has a cooperative weather station in St. Helena . Winters are cool and wet, while summers have hot days and cool nights with little precipitation. Average temperatures in December, the coldest month, range from to . Average temperatures in July and August, the warmest months, range from to . There are an average of 55.7 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 34.7 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The record high temperature was on July 13, 1972, and the record low temperature was on December 11, 1932. Average annual precipitation is . There are an average  of 68 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1983 with and the driest year was 1976 with . The wettest month on record was February 1986 with . The most rainfall in 24 hours was on January 21, 1967. Although snow rarely falls in St. Helena, there is an annual average snowfall of . The most snowfall in one month was , recorded in January 1974 and again in March 1976. The most snowfall in 24 hours was on March 2, 1976. Demographics. The 2010 United States Census reported that St. Helena had a population of 5,814. The population density was 1,156.7  people per square mile (446.6/km). The racial makeup of St. Helena was 4,525 (77.8%) White, 25 (0.4%) African American, 35 (0.6%) Native American, 98 (1.7%) Asian, 9 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 978 (16.8%) from other races, and 144 (2.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,914 persons (32.9%). The Census reported that 98.3% of the population lived in households and 1.7% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters. There were 2,401 households, out of which 694 (28.9%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,118 (46.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living  together, 223 (9.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 99 (4.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 96 (4.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 20 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 805 households (33.5%) were made up of individuals, and 411 (17.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38. There were 1,440 families (60.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.03. The population was spread out, with 1,280 people (22.0%) under the age of 18, 453 people (7.8%) aged 18  to 24, 1,333 people (22.9%) aged 25 to 44, 1,627 people (28.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,121 people (19.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males. There were 2,776 housing units at an average density of 552.3 per square mile (213.2/km), of which 55.4% were owner-occupied and 44.6% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%. 51.4% of the population lived in  owner-occupied housing units and 46.9% lived in rental housing units. Economy. Major employers in St. Helena include Trinchero Family Estates, Beringer Vineyards, and The Culinary Institute of America. The city is distinct in its regulation against chain restaurants; only one exists in the city - an A&W - established before the legislation was enacted. The St. Helena AVA is in the region, and Duckhorn Vineyards, Newton Vineyard, Charles Krug Winery, and numerous other vineyards and wineries exist near St. Helena. Adventist Health St. Helena is located in neighboring Deer Park, California. Government. St. Helena is a general law city which lacks  its own charter. It operates under a council–manager form of government. In the California State Legislature, St. Helena is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, St. Helena is in . Education. Saint Helena Unified School District is the local school district. St. Helena High School serves students in grades 9-12. Saint Helena Primary school teaches grades kindergarten through second grade. Saint Helena Elementary School teaches grades three through five It is ranked #2 best public school in the Napa Valley Robert Louis Stevenson Middle School teaches grades six through eight Robert Louis Stevenson Middle School  is ranked #1 best public middle school in the Napa Valley and has a teacher to student ratio of 13:1. Saint Helena High School teaches grades nine through twelve Saint Helena High School is ranked #1 best public school in the Napa Valley. The city has two tertiary campuses, one is the Upper Valley Campus of Napa Valley College; the other is The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone, a branch campus of the main institution in Hyde Park, New York. Notable people. Those who live or lived in St. Helena include winemakers Peter Newton, David Duncan, Charles Krug, and  Josephine Tychson, the first woman to build and operate a winery in the U.S. state of California. Others include Michela Alioto-Pier, a former member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, baseball players Wayne Belardi, Fred Hofmann, Don Mossi, and Billy Orr, M. F. K. Fisher, a food writer, William Hamilton, a cartoonist and playwright who spent his childhood in St. Helena. Siegfried Horn, an archaeologist and bible scholar, William B. Hurlbut, Bob Marshall, businessman Fritz Maytag, Congressman Donald C. McRuer, Charles O'Rear, a photographer, Carl Osburn, a Navy officer and sports shooter, Frank K. Richardson, associate justice of  the California Supreme court, Dave Smith, an engineer and musician, Edwin R. Thiele, a missionary, writer, and archaeologist, Mike Thompson, U.S. Representative for (who was born and lives in St. Helena), Owen Wade, a politician, and Ellen G. White, an author and pioneer.