Jughandle
A jughandle is a type of ramp or slip road that changes the way traffic turns left at an at-grade intersection (in a country where traffic drives on the right). Instead of a standard left turn being made from the left lane, left-turning traffic uses a ramp on the right side of the road. In a standard "forward jughandle" or "near-side jughandle", the ramp leaves before the intersection, and left-turning traffic turns left off of it rather than the through road. Right turns are also made using the jughandle. In a "reverse jughandle" or "far -side jughandle", the ramp leaves after the intersection, and left-turning traffic loops around to the right and merges with the crossroad before the intersection. The jughandle is also known as a Jersey left due to its association with the U.S. state of New Jersey, though this term is also locally used for an abrupt left at the beginning of a green light cycle. Occasionally a setup is used where traffic on the side road cannot turn left at the intersection but turns left after it, merging with the main road. This is most often used for U-turns  where a normal jughandle cannot be constructed; traffic turns left off the main road onto the ramp. Occasionally, a jughandle is removed if turning traffic is too heavy (see Disadvantages). The New Jersey Department of Transportation defines three types of jughandles. "Type A" is the standard forward jughandle. "Type B" is a variant with no cross-street intersected by the jughandle; it curves 90 degrees left to meet the main street, and is either used at a "T" intersection or for a U-turn only. "Type C" is the standard reverse jughandle. History. The first mention of jughandles in  the "New York Times" is on June 14, 1959, referring to jughandles having been built in New Jersey on US 46 in Montville, US 22 between North Plainfield and Bound Brook, and Route 35 at Monmouth Park Racetrack. By the beginning of 1960, New Jersey had 160 jughandles, most if not all standard before-intersection jughandles. The 160th one was on U.S. Route 1 between New Brunswick and Trenton. Usage. Australia. In Perth, Western Australia Canada. In Markham, Ontario: In Toronto, Ontario: Germany. In Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia: Singapore. In Tampines: United Kingdom. In Northern Ireland: United States. States with  a prevalence of jughandles include New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Ohio, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New York, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, and Vermont. Jughandles are particularly associated with New Jersey. Jughandles are possible in other locations as they are a valid type of intersection control to consider for intersection design. Signage. On New Jersey State Highways and Pennsylvania State Highways, a white sign is placed before a jughandle or at the beginning of a stretch of jughandles saying "All turns from right lane". Each jughandle is marked with a white sign below the standard green sign, saying "All turns", or "U  and left turns" in the case of a reverse jughandle. On locally maintained roads, and in other states, jughandle signage can appear to be haphazard and confusing to out of state drivers.