Car-Nation
The Car-Nation (also known as Carnation) was a brand of automobile manufactured in Detroit, Michigan, by the American Voiturette Company from 1913 to 1914. The Car-Nation roadster was an cyclecar costing $495. The vehicle had a four-cylinder Herreshoff "25" engine and a three-speed transmission. Car-Nation also manufactured a larger four-seat Tourer model with a base price of $520. They also advertised a fore-and-aft tandem; it's not known if more than a few prototypes were produced. Two roadsters and five touring cars are known to survive. In 1912 , former Pope-Toledo manager Forrest Keeton moved his Keeton Towncar Works into a factory in Wyandotte, Michigan, a city south of Detroit on the shore of the Detroit River, and formed the Keeton Motor Company. He began construction of his first “French-like” car, the big Renault-influenced, air-cooled Keeton. It sold well enough to allow Keeton in 1913 to launch a second line of continental-influenced, low priced cars under a new name: Car-Nation. All that activity apparently attracted the attention of oil magnate Charles Schaeffer, and shortly after the introduction of the new car, the short -lived Car-Nation Motorette Co. and the existing Keeton Motor Co. unified under his ownership, reincorporating as the American Voiturette Company in Detroit. Slow acceptance of the Car-Nation's nonstandard gauge and reported problems with the Herreshoff engines in the Car-Nation sent the company into receivership in 1914. At a public auction in February 1915, Forest Keeton appears to have bought the assets of the company, including 60 Keetons and 350 Car-Nations, along with machine tools and countless thousands of parts. But while he did supply repairs, he never again built a car. Specifications (1913 Car-Nation  roadster). ENGINE Type Herreshoff cast-iron L-head straight-four, integral valves, cast-en-bloc Displacement Bore × stroke Horsepower 18 (25 A.L.A.M.) Main bearings 2 nickel babbitt Fuel system Gravity, Zenith updraft carburetor, alloy intake manifold Ignition system 6-volt, Splitdorf fixed-spark magneto Lubrication system Splash; plunger pump (note: Car-Nation advertised pressure lubrication, but it does not appear on any of the known cars) Exhaust system Single, iron TRANSMISSION Type Three-speed Detroit Gear & Machine sliding gear, cone clutch (note: early cars appear to have used an alloy clutch plate. Prone to cracking, later versions have a  cast-iron clutch plate) DIFFERENTIAL Type Weston-Mott semi-floating STEERING Type Adjustable worm gear BRAKES Type Rod-actuated manual Front None Rear 1¼ x internal expanding emergency; external contracting service on transmission shaft CHASSIS & BODY Construction Full-frame riveted 1/8-inch channel steel, 1x3 ash sills, composite body Body style One door, two-passenger roadster Layout Front engine, rear-wheel drive SUSPENSION Front Quarter-elliptic leaf springs Rear Quarter-elliptic leaf springs WHEELS & TIRES Wheels Detachable Detroit Stanweld wire Front/rear 30 x 3 inches WEIGHTS & MEASURES Wheelbase Overall length Overall width Overall height Front track Rear track Shipping  weight CAPACITIES Crankcase 3 quarts Cooling system 8 quarts Fuel tank Transmission 8 pints Rear axle 4 pints CALCULATED DATA bhp per c.i.d. 7.44 Weight per bhp Weight per c.i.d. PERFORMANCE Top speed Fuel mileage PRODUCTION Car-Nation, total est. 2,000