Raymond D. Fowler
Raymond D. Fowler (December 22, 1930 – March 17, 2015) was an American psychologist and Professor Emeritus of the University of Alabama. He was president of the American Psychological Association (1988) and served as APA's executive vice president and chief executive officer (CEO) from 1989 to 2003. Early life. Fowler was born in Jasper, Alabama, a small coal mining town in the mountainous north central region of the state. His mother was a public school teacher. His father was an accountant and later director of the Alabama State Retirement System. Fowler was educated in the public schools  of Alabama. He received a BA degree in 1952 and an MA degree in 1953 in psychology from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. He received his PhD in psychology with specialization in clinical psychology from the Pennsylvania State University in 1957. Career. In 1956, Fowler joined the faculty of the University of Alabama, where he remained until 1986, when he was appointed professor emeritus. From 1965 to 1983, he served as department head. In 1987, he was appointed professor and head of the psychology department at the University of Tennessee, where he served until June 1989, when he assumed  his position as APA Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer. Fowler has been recognized for his work in the areas of substance abuse, criminal behavior and personality assessment. In the early 1960s, he developed a method of computer interpretation for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. He was appointed in 1976 by Federal District Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. to direct a court - ordered prison reform program that included assessing every prisoner in the Alabama prison system and recommending educational and rehabilitation programs for them. That same year, Fowler was retained by the estate of Howard R. Hughes, who had  died without a will, to determine his mental status at various periods of his life. From 1998 to 2006, Fowler was treasurer of the International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP) and a member of its executive committee. In 2000, the American Board of Professional Psychology gave Fowler its award for Distinguished Service and Contributions to the Profession of Psychology. He is a distinguished member of PSI CHI International Honor Society for Psychology. At the state and national level, Fowler had been a member of the National Advisory Committee on Alcoholism of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. He was  a task force member of the President's Commission on Mental Health and was an invited participant to the White House Conference on Health and the National Conference on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals. He had been a consultant to the Director of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, the Veterans Administration, and the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. From 1965 to 1968 he was vice-president of the Council on Human Relations, the first biracial human rights group in Alabama. American Psychological Association. Fowler served as APA treasurer (1982–1987, became its 97th president in 1988 and served as  Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer from 1989 to 2003. In 2003, the APA established two Raymond D. Fowler Awards in his honor. These awards are given annually to a member and to a staff member who has made ""a significant and enduring impact on APA as an organization and who has shown a clear dedication to advancing APA's mission"". In 1998, the "Psychological Bulletin" of the APA published Rind et al., a meta-analytic article indicating that suffering childhood sexual abuse does not automatically cause great and lasting harm, as was sometimes believed. The article caught the  attention of the media, including Laura Schlessinger on the "Dr. Laura Program," and was misrepresented as condoning sexual contact with children. Historian Alice Dreger faulted Fowler for caving into political pressure and calling for an external review of the article instead of defending the scientific and peer review process. The external review was submitted to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which responded by defending those processes. Personal life. Fowler was married to Sandra Mumford Fowler, who specializes in intercultural psychology. They had a blended family of five children and five grandchildren. In 2006, an autobiography of Fowler  was published in the "Journal of Personality Assessment". Fowler died on March 17, 2015.