Seeteufel
Background and description. The Neger and Marder human torpedoes and the Biber midget submarines were difficult to launch from anywhere other than a harbor. The special preparations required to do so limited their operational flexibility and required additional time and resources. Alois Lödige and several of his colleagues of the Kiel-Eckernförde torpedo testing center developed the concept of putting tracks on a midget submarine to allow it to move on and off a beach under its own power. They designed and built a proof-of-concept vehicle in early 1944 that was tested in March. The one-man  (special vessel) was long and displaced without armament. It mounted a pair of torpedoes low on the hull by the tracks. The prototype "Seeteufel" was developed in four months and was ready for testing in July. A two-man crew controlled the submarine. It had a beam of and displaced . The submarine was equipped with an gasoline-fueled Otto engine provided propulsion on both water (at on the surface using a single propeller) and land (at ). When submerged, the same electric motor as used in the "Seehund" (Seal) midget submarine, gave the vessel a cruising speed of . The prototype demonstrated  a diving depth of The "Seeteufel"s engine was in the bow, directly underneath the fixed snorkel mast that also contained the periscope, a radio antenna and the magnetic compass. The control room was aft of this with a low-profile conning tower fitted with the entry hatch. The batteries and the fuel tank were in the middle with the AEG electric motor in the stern. The forward diving planes were fixed, but the rudder and aft diving planes were governed by the driver with his aircraft-like control stick. The boat was equipped with a special ballast tank that compensated  for the weight of its armament of a pair of standard G7e torpedoes and prevented it from breaking the surface when the torpedoes were fired. It could carry four naval mines in lieu of the torpedoes. On land it could be equipped with flamethrowers or machine guns. Testing showed that the submarine performed well underwater, but it was considered underpowered on land and the tracks were too narrow. More powerful diesel engines were planned for later models, in addition to wider tracks to spread the load and decrease ground pressure. The prototype was demonstrated to the management of the Borgward  factory in Bremen and negotiations began for the production of three preproduction vessels to test the planned changes. The decision by the (Naval High Command) to focus production on models already being manufactured at the beginning of 1945 caused these plans to be canceled. The prototype was transferred to Lübeck and destroyed at the end of the war. Assessment. (Vice Admiral) Hellmuth Heye, commander of the German Naval Special Forces (), stated in 1944: "I consider the Sea Devil a promising weapon for use in commando raids. It is independent of mother craft and base personnel, can land on foreign shores , commit acts of sabotage, and evade pursuit ashore or afloat. It can be taken to site by a mother ship equipped with a large crane. With an engine of higher output than that of the experimental boat, a speed of 8 to 10 knots can be obtained. Speed and radius of action could be further increased by installation of a closed-cycle engine. Intended for use in coastal waters if weather is not too rough, and on rivers, lakes and artificial lakes..."