Christopher Challis
Christopher George Joseph Challis BSC, FRPS (18 March 1919 – 31 May 2012) was a British cinematographer who worked on more than 70 feature films from the 1940s onwards. Career. After working as camera operator on several films for Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, he made his debut as director of photography on "The End of the River" (1947) one of their projects as producers. After filming of "The End of the River" concluded, Challis was camera operator under Jack Cardiff on "The Red Shoes". He did not object to the demotion as he wanted to work on the  film. Following this he went back to being director of photography. He was cinematographer on most of Powell and Pressburger's later films, including "The Small Back Room" (1949), "The Elusive Pimpernel" (1950), "The Tales of Hoffmann" (1951), "Oh... Rosalinda!!" (1955), "The Battle of the River Plate" (1956) and "Ill Met by Moonlight" (1957). His expertise in colour cinematography meant that he was frequently chosen by British film makers of the 1950s to work on their projects, and he worked on a number of successful comedies, including "Genevieve" (1953), "The Captain's Table" (1958) and "Those Magnificent Men in Their  Flying Machines" (1965). He worked on projects in other genres as well, such as "The Spanish Gardener" (1956), the war film "Sink the Bismarck!" (1960), "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" (1968), and Billy Wilder's "The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes" (1970). He was nominated for several BAFTA Awards for Best British Cinematography, including a win in 1966 for Stanley Donen's film "Arabesque". Challis is credited with being the first person to create specially modified 5000-watt 'Senior' luminaries to provide cinematic lighting underwater while filming "The Deep" in 1976. Martin Scorsese said: "It is not possible even to begin  to take the full measure of the greatness of British filmmaking without thinking of Chris Challis," and: "Chris Challis brought a vibrancy to the celluloid palette that was entirely his own, and which helped make Britain a leader in that long, glorious period of classic world cinema." Challis was also an accomplished and enthusiastic still photographer. He joined The Royal Photographic Society in 1936, gaining his Associateship in 1945 and Fellowship in 1948. He remained a member until his death. Publications. His autobiography, "Are They Really So Awful?: A Cameraman's Chronicle", was published by Janus Publishing Company () in March  1995. Challis also features in the book "Conversations with Cinematographers" (Scarecrow Press) by David A. Ellis (2012).