Kurds in the United Kingdom
Kurds in the United Kingdom () refers to people of Kurdish origin born in or residing in the United Kingdom. History. Kurdish people first arrived in Britain in large numbers during the 1980s, mostly from the disputed territories of Kurdistan (Iraq, Turkey, Iran, and Syria), many of them fleeing oppression. Demography. Population size. According to the Department for Communities and Local Government, drawing on a BBC source, the Kurdish community in the UK numbered around 50,000 in 2002, among which Iraqi Kurds make up the largest group, exceeding the numbers from Turkey and Iran. They have  settled across the country, including in major cities such as London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, and Glasgow. "Kurdish" is not one of the predefined tick-box answers for the ethnicity question on the UK Census, but respondents are able to write in their preferred self-designation. In the 2011 Census, the number of respondents writing in "Kurdish" was 47,871 in England, 1,106 in Wales, 844 in Scotland and 20 in Northern Ireland. The number of people in England and Wales that speak Kurdish as their main language was recorded as 48,239. In Scotland, the figure was 924. Integration issues. There have  been reports about discrimination and cultural problems among Iraqi Kurds. There have also been honour killings among the Kurdish diaspora in the UK. Writing in 2009, criminologist Aisha Gill noted that little research had taken place into honour crimes in the UK, and that this lack of evidence was "particularly marked in the case of Iranian and Kurdish communities, where the incidence of honor crimes is increasing". A report published by the Centre for Gender and Violence Research at the University of Bristol and the University of Roehampton in 2010 notes that "it is important to recognize that it is  not possible to associate honour-based violence with one particular religion...or culture", but also concludes that "[h]onour-based violence remains prevalent in Kurdish communities in different locations", including the UK. The report finds that "the patriarchal or male-dominated values that underpin these communities often conflict with the values, and even laws, of mainstream UK society. This makes it particularly hard for second or third generation women to define their own values...Instances of HBV [honour-based violence] often result from conflicting attitudes towards life and family codes". Banaz Mahmod, a 20-year-old Iraqi Kurd woman from Mitcham , south London, was killed in 2006, in a murder orchestrated by her father, uncle and cousins. Her life and murder were presented in a documentary called "", directed and produced by Deeyah Khan. Other examples include the first honour killing to be legally recognised in the UK, which was that of Heshu Yones, who was stabbed to death by her Kurdish father in London in 2002 when her family discovered she had a Lebanese Christian boyfriend, and the killing of Tulay Goren, a Kurdish Shia Muslim girl who immigrated with her family from Turkey. The Centre for Gender and Violence Research  report finds that: "Both HBV survivors and women's NGOs working with them continue to encounter inadequate responses and poor practice which needs to be addressed, as well as potentially racist, judgmental and stigmatizing attitudes". The Iranian and Kurdish Women's Rights Organisation has called for a national strategy to address the problem of honour killings. Other UK-based Kurdish organisations attempting to tackle the issue of honour killings include Kurdish Women Action Against Honour Killing.