Climate change in Afghanistan
Climate change in Afghanistan is resulting in impacts that culminate from overlapping interactions of natural disasters (due to changes in the climate system), conflict, agricultural dependency, and severe socio-economic hardship. Combined with infrequent earthquakes, climate-related disasters such as floods, flash floods, avalanches and heavy snowfalls on average affect 200,000 people every year, causing massive losses of lives, livelihoods and properties. Unfortunately, these interacting factors, particularly protracted conflicts which erode and challenge the ability to handle, adapt to and plan for climate change at individual and national levels, often turn climate change risks and hazards  into disasters. Although the country itself contributes only very little to global warming with regards to greenhouse gas emissions, droughts due to climate change affect and will affect Afghanistan to a high degree. Greenhouse gas emissions. Afghanistan is among the lowest emitting countries on earth. In 2018, Afghanistan emitted 0.3 tons of carbon dioxide per capita. Energy in Afghanistan is reliant especially on hydropower. Energy is imported as well from neighbouring countries. Impacts. The World Bank projects that Afghanistan will see a warming higher than the global average due to global warming, with rises in maximum and minimum temperatures expected  to be higher than rises in average temperature. Since 1950, temperatures in Afghanistan have risen by 1.8°C. This leads and will lead to massive droughts. Due to these increased droughts related to a warming of all regions of the country by 2.0°C to 6.2°C by 2090 depending on scenario, Afghanistan will be confronted with desertification and land degradation. 35% of Afghanistan's population is suffering from food insecurity, with an increase projected. The increasing droughts could lead to a boom of the opium production in Afghanistan, as opium is drought-resistant. In addition to  droughts, extreme rainfall will increase due to climate change, which could lead to landslides. The basin of the Kunduz River has seen a decrease in precipitation of 30% since the 1960s, which is compensated by increasing glacier melt. Almost 14% of Afghanistan's glacier coverage was lost between 1990 and 2015. By 2100, the region could lose 60% of its glaciers. The number of glaciers and glacial lakes increases in Afghanistan at the moment, probably due to the breaking up of larger glaciers. Mountainous regions such as the area at the source of the Amu Darya will be at great  risk of glacial lake outburst floods. A drought in 2017 and 2018 led to a massive internal displacement within the country. ActionAid claims that by 2050 around 5 million more people could become internally displaced within Afghanistan due to climate change. Adaptation. In 2015, Afghanistan submitted a climate plan to the United Nations. The plan outlined that by 2030 2.5 billion USD were needed for watershed management and 4.5 billion USD for restoring irrigation systems.