LNER Peppercorn Class A1
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) Peppercorn Class A1 is a type of express passenger steam locomotive. Forty-nine original Peppercorn Class A1s were built to the design of Arthur Peppercorn (who was the last Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the LNER) during the early British Railways era, but all were scrapped with the discontinuation of steam, with none of the original production run surviving into preservation. In 2008, a brand new 50th Peppercorn A1 locomotive, 60163 "Tornado", was completed. Background. Most of the former LNER Class A1 locomotives designed by Sir Nigel Gresley had  been rebuilt as LNER Class A3 locomotives prior to this class being conceived. The few straggling LNER Class A1 locomotives that remained unrebuilt during the tenure of Peppercorn's predecessor, Edward Thompson, were redesignated by him as Class A10s in preparation for the construction of his new Class A1 locomotives. Thompson rebuilt the pioneer LNER Pacific "Great Northern" in 1945; originally this was the new Class A1, but the rebuild was not repeated. Instead, initiated by Thompson but largely taken forward by his successor Arthur Peppercorn, "Great Northern" was designated Class A1/1, and a new class of Peppercorn A1s ordered . The locomotives were designed to cope with the heaviest passenger trains in the post-war period on the East Coast Main Line (London – York – Newcastle – Edinburgh – Aberdeen) which consisted normally of trains with up to 15 coaches and up to 550 tons. The Peppercorn A1s were able to pull such a train on the flat at a speed of 60–70 mph (95-110 km/h). The class used a double Kylchap chimney system and, like previous LNER Pacifics, had a 3-cylinder arrangement. Original locomotives. Construction. The new A1s were ordered by the LNER but delivered after that company had  been nationalised to form part of British Railways at the start of 1948. The 49 engines were built at the Eastern Region's Doncaster and Darlington works between 1948 and 1949. Withdrawal and preservation. By summer of 1966, all 49 class members had gone for scrap. The last to be withdrawn from stock was No. 60145 "Saint Mungo", after a working life of just 17 years. 60145 "Saint Mungo" was planned to be preserved by Geoff Drury; however, this ultimately was unsuccessful and none of the original locomotives were preserved. List of original locomotives. Below is a list of original  Peppercorn A1 Locomotives Notes on names. The names of the A1s were an eclectic mix including: No. 60163 "Tornado". None of the original production run of 49 Peppercorn A1s survived the scrapyard to be preserved. However, in 2008, a brand new 50th A1 based on the original Peppercorn patterns, 60163 "Tornado", was completed as the evolved member of the class. Models. Bachmann Branchline and Hornby make models in OO gauge, Graham Farish produce a model in N gauge and Accucraft (UK) make a live steam model in Gauge 1.