Raumpatrouille – Die phantastischen Abenteuer des Raumschiffes Orion
Raumpatrouille – Die phantastischen Abenteuer des Raumschiffes Orion (literal translation: "Space Patrol – The Fantastic Adventures of the Spaceship Orion"), also known as Raumpatrouille Orion, and Space Patrol Orion in English, was the first German science fiction television series. Its seven episodes were broadcast by "ARD" beginning 17 September 1966. Being a huge success with several reruns audience ratings went up to 56%. Over the years, the series acquired a distinct cult status in Germany. Premise. In the series, nations no longer exist and Earth is united. Flying saucers, such as spaceship "Orion", are flown  by humans, whilst the aliens fly fighter jet-like aircraft. The titular ship of the series title, "Spaceship Orion", (German: "Raumschiff Orion") is portrayed as being a "fast space cruiser" (German: "Schneller Raumkreuzer"), the newest starship in mankind's fleet and the fastest spacecraft ever created by humans. The show tells the story of Commander Cliff Allister McLane (Dietmar Schönherr), an Earth starship captain and his loyal crew. He is "Orion" commander in the developing war against an alien race called the "Frogs" (so-called also in the German original). He is notoriously defiant towards his superiors. Special effects and  set decoration. Many of the special effects seen in the black-and-white series, like the underwater casino and space port, were created by means of the Schüfftan process. As the series' budget was comparatively low, the set designers resorted to using modified common everyday objects; for instance, electric irons, inverted clock pendulums, washing-machine console parts and designer pencil sharpeners were used as props control panels, sewing thread coils and banana plugs as futuristic machine parts, and plastic cups as ceiling lights. Many panels were produced by the then-newly invented thermoforming process. Much designer furniture was also used , notably Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's "258"-type couch, Harry Bertoia's "Diamond"-type armchair, Yrjö Kukkapuro's "Karuselli"-type armchair, Charles Eames's "Aluminium group #EA105" chair, George Nelson's "DAF Chair" and Eero Saarinen's "Tulpe" table/chair combo. Joe Colombo's famous "Smoke"-type drinking glasses were used throughout the series. "Orion"'s cockpit was a 2.50m high, 10m wide interior set, built within a 28m exterior diameter sound stage. It stood on a 60 cm high metal tube construction to hide the 10,000m cable harness that connected its 3,200 flashing light bulbs to a 40  kg, electric motor-driven pinned-barrel mechanical sequencer. The stage designer was Rolf Zehetbauer, who later won an Academy Award for his work on "Cabaret". "We had no money available and yet we were instructed to produce an elaborate science-fiction series. We were forced to improvise in all aspects. This ruled out completely manufacturing the spaceship's equipment from scratch. So we used existing things that we could adapt," is how Zehetbauer described the design work of the set. Production. Rumours about the considerable costs of the series having led to its termination after only seven episodes were denied  by the widow of the "Orion"'s original screenwriter, implying that it was planned from the start to have only seven installments. More episode screenplays were written than were filmed. No official reason was given for not producing a second series of episodes, but there are several reasons that were aired in interviews many years later by those involved in the production. According to Hans Gottschalk, one of the executive producers, there was a "lack of exciting script ideas" at the time. Helmut Jedele, then boss of Bavaria Film, the production company, mentioned in hindsight that the company had already  undertaken too much for its resources, both in terms of staff and finance. Another factor in planning for a second series would have been filming in colour instead of black-and-white. While this would have been required for a successful international marketing of an extension, the German production companies were not yet prepared for the necessary investment for the new equipment. German television started to transmit in colour (PAL) a year later in 1967, but that was a slow gradual switch-over process from black-and-white over a course of several years, until the 1970s. Yet another impediment  might have been that the controllers in charge at the state television channel ARD feared accusations of an excess of "militarism" and a portrayal of a system "akin to fascism". While this might seem far-fetched for foreigners, this issue was and is very sensitive in Germany with regards to the past history of the country, and executive producer Helmut Krapp admitted that the issue was considered and taken seriously. Co-production with French ORTF Television. Originally WDR, headquartered in Cologne, the largest regional broadcasting channel within ARD public TV consortium, was the sole commissioning producer on behalf of ARD  group and in that position to provide complete production funding. However, the planned budget of up to 360,000 DM for each episode was considered too high by the WDR controllers. Bavaria Film chief Helmut Jedele looked for a co-producer to share some of the cost and came to an agreement with French national state TV channel ORTF. They contributed about 20% to production funding and some scenes, notably in episode 5, were re-shot for the French audience using French actors. In France the title of the series was "Commando spatial - Les aventures fantastiques du vaisseau Orion". Novelizations. 145  novels based on and continuing the series were published over the years, often with settings which were considerably different from those seen in the series. Feature film. A movie composed of various scenes from the original series, together with some new footage, debuted in 2003 but did not match the success of the original series. As described by Dietmar Schönherr in an interview, the series had tried to deal with serious issues, a fact appreciated by many of its viewers. The movie's producers tried to replicate the series in trash culture style, however, thereby alienating much of the original  fan base. The title of the movie was "Raumpatrouille Orion – Rücksturz ins Kino". The storyline was about the invasion and attacks of the Frogs, the term now becoming an acronym for "Feindliche Raumverbände ohne galaktische Seriennummer" (roughly "Hostile Space Combat Units Without Galactic Serial Identification Number"). This description appears for the first time in the film and contradicts the series, where Atan Shubashi and Hasso Sigbjörnson, who were the first humans to see the Frogs, called them "Frösche" (German for "frogs") first, but later switched to the English translation because "Frösche" sounded too familiar to describe the aliens. Soundtrack and  introduction. The emblematic soundtrack was composed by Peter Thomas. The voice-over introduction (similar to that used in "Star Trek" the same year), set both tone and atmosphere of the series. Voice-over introduction in German: English translation: