Chaise longue
A chaise longue (; , "long chair") is an upholstered sofa in the shape of a chair that is long enough to support the legs. In modern French the term "chaise longue" can refer to any long reclining chair such as a deckchair. A literal translation in English is "long chair". In the United States the term "lounge chair" is also used to refer to any long reclining chair. In the United States, the term is often spelled "chaise lounge" and pronounced , a folk etymology replacement of part of the original French term with the unrelated English word "lounge". Origins . The modern chaise longue was first popularised during the 16th century in France. They were created by French furniture craftsmen for the rich to rest without the need to retire to the bedroom. It was during the Rococo period that the chaise longue became the symbol of social status and only the rarest and most expensive materials were used in their construction. Today, the chaise longue is seen as a luxury item for the modern home. They are often used to complement a home's décor such as living or reading rooms, or as a stylish boudoir chair for bedroom  seating. Psychoanalysis. The chaise longue has traditionally been associated with psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud initiated the use of the chaise longue for this purpose, the idea being that the patient would recline on a couch, with the analyst seated beyond the head of the couch, so that the client would not see the analyst. Reclining and not having to face the analyst was thought to be disinhibiting and to encourage free association. At the time Freud began to use the chaise longue, it was considered daring in Vienna to recline on a chaise in the presence of non-intimates. Freud's  own chaise longue, given to him by a patient, may be seen today at the Freud Museum in London. Today, psychoanalysts continue to invite clients to recline on couches in their offices during psychotherapy, and may use chaises longues rather than more conventional styles of couch out of tradition. The chaise longue is commonly used as visual shorthand to suggest a generic psychotherapist's office in cartoons and other works.