TerraPass
TerraPass is a social enterprise that provides carbon offsetting products to individuals and businesses. Headquartered in San Francisco, California, TerraPass uses proceeds from member purchases to fund greenhouse gas reduction projects such as wind farms and methane digesters. TerraPass products include passes to offset car, flight, home, business, and wedding emissions. Carbon Portfolio. TerraPass's portfolio of carbon reduction projects is divided between four project types, all based in the United States: Wind energy. TerraPass purchases Green-e certified wind Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) from wind farms, and calculates the carbon reduction from these RECs based on the EPA  eGRID methodology. Wind farms bring about a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by displacing electricity that would otherwise come from burning fossil fuels such as coal. Farm methane digesters (or "Farm Power"). TerraPass funds emissions reductions from digesters that collect the methane from animal manure on dairy farms and burn it, often generating renewable energy (the heat energy from burning methane can be used to generate electricity; the manure, as the source of methane, is the 'renewable') in the process. Methane is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential about 23 times that of carbon dioxide (the combustion of  methane produces carbon dioxide). Landfill methane flaring. TerraPass funds reductions from landfill methane flaring, a method similar to farm methane digesters, in which the methane is instead collected from decomposing garbage. Clean energy. TerraPass funds wind energy after calculating environmental gains with the “carbon profile” of the electricity grid where the energy is produced. Acquisition by Just Energy Group. In 2014, TerraPass sold its retail carbon offset business to JustGreen, which is part of the Just Energy Group Inc., a Canada-based competitive retailer of natural gas and electricity. JustGreen assumed the Terrapass brand. The remaining TerraPass Energy & Wholesale group  renamed itself Origin Climate. Verification. TerraPass works directly with project developers to validate the greenhouse gas reductions against the Verified Carbon Standard, a leading offset standard. All of the RECs TerraPass purchases are Green-e certified through the Center for Resource Solutions. The primary standards they use are Verified Carbon Standard and the Climate Action Reserve. In addition, TerraPass itself is audited according to guidelines established by the Center for Resource Solutions. The audit covers a number of aspects of the company's operations. The primary focus of the audit is to verify that TerraPass fulfills its carbon purchase obligations  on behalf of its customers; to enforce certain carbon portfolio quality standards; and to review TerraPass marketing language and disclosure policies for accuracy. Partnerships. To expand their reach into additional areas of the carbon offset market, TerraPass has entered into several business partnerships: Adam Stein, co-founder and VP of Marketing, was an occasional contributor to environmental news site Grist Magazine Quality principles. The voluntary carbon market is a young but rapidly growing industry, achieving worldwide sales of approximately $100 million in 2006. The industry has experienced a number of controversies, some of which TerraPass has attempted to address : TerraPass is an active contributor to standards development, and recently testified before the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming, a congressional committee focused on climate change and energy independence. During his testimony, TerraPass CEO Erik Blachford called for governmental involvement in standards for the carbon offset industry.