Nectria
Nectria is a genus of Ascomycete fungi. They are most often encountered as saprophytes on decaying wood but some species can also occur as parasites of trees, especially fruit trees (for example apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. Some species are significant pests causing diseases such as apple canker, Nectria twig blight, and coral spot in orchards. It is ubiquitous in cool temperate Europe and North America and appears to be an introduced species in New Zealand and Australia. The occurrence in New Zealand was first identified in 1996 in Otago and Southland although it is believed  to have been present since the 1980s. In North America, "Nectria" infections have had economically important impacts on forestry and forest products including aspen, red oak, maple, beech, poplar, and birch. Species of "Nectria" also occur in warmer climates including island groups such as Hawaii. According to the "Dictionary of the Fungi" (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains 82 species.