The jirgin kasa ne daya daga cikin mafi dadi zažužžukan idan kana tafiya daga Madrid zuwa Sarria. Akwai kai tsaye connection cewa bar Madrid ta Chamartin tashar jirgin kasa sau biyu a rana, tare da wani tafiya lokaci na kimanin awa shida. Haka kuma, akwai daban-daban jiragen kasa cewa connect Madrid da Santiago de Compostela da Lugo, Bagalike birane daga wanda shi ne mai sauqi ka samu to Sarria, da dama kai tsaye sadarwa kowace rana. Zaka iya tuntubar duk sau da mitoci ta tuntužar Renfe, Spain ta kasa jirgin kamfanin. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines the portrayal of characters in four Xhosa novels of the 1990s. The objective is to found out whether or not characterization in the Xhosa novels of the 1990s improves. This is done with the view that past studies of characterization done before 1990 by Jafta (1978; 1996), Satyo (1978), Sirayi (1989) and Dlali (1992) gave the picture that a high percentage of writers portray characters as archetypes because of thematic concerns. This often renders characterization poor in the sense that the reader is able to predict the outcome of events through the actions of the characters. However, Zulu (1999:3) argues that with the inceptor of democracy in South Africa in 1994, African Languages literature was liberated as well from several constraints, and reveals some signs of maturing. This study is thus conducted to confirm or refute Zulu's (1999) claim that there are signs of improvement in the way writers portray characters. The study concentrates of four selected Xhosa novels published in the 1990s. The novels are selected on the criteria that they have won literary prizes and are written by prolific writers. It is found that in all four novels, Iqlina lomtshato, Kazi Ndenzeni na?, Koda Kube Nni na? and Ukhozi Olumaphiko the novelists have succeededin creating realistic, live, dynamic, complex and multidimensional characters. The change and development of characters are influenced by environmental change as a result of social, political and economic factors. However, the study also shows that some events in Ukhozi Olumphiko are implausible.