Herman Wirth
Herman Wirth (alternatively referred to as Herman Wirth Roeper Bosch, or Herman Felix Wirth or Herman"n") (6 May 1885 in Utrecht – 16 February 1981 in Kusel) was a Dutch-German historian, a Nazi and scholar of ancient religions and symbols. He co-founded the SS-organization "Ahnenerbe" but was later pushed out by Heinrich Himmler. Biography. Born in Utrecht on 6 May 1885, Wirth studied Flemish Dutch philology, literature, history and musicology at Utrecht and Leipzig, receiving his doctorate in 1911 from the University of Basel with a dissertation on the demise of the Dutch folk song. He  taught Dutch language at the University of Berlin from 1909 to 1914. At the outbreak of World War I, Wirth volunteered for military service in the German army, where he was assigned to monitor the Flemish separatists in German-occupied Belgium. In 1916 he was decorated, dismissed from service, and subsequently appointed by Wilhelm II as a professor ("Titularprofessor"). In 1918 he became professor at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels. After the war ended, he and his wife moved to the Netherlands, where they founded a nationalist Wandervogel-organization, dedicated to traditional folk-music. By then, Wirth had accepted a  temporary job as a teacher at the gymnasium in Baarn. In August 1922 he became an honorary professor in Marburg, Germany, but he took another job as a teacher in Sneek (Netherlands) until February 1924. This gave him the opportunity to research Frisian folk culture and the history of the apparently age-old "Oera Linda Book". In 1925 he joined the NSDAP. However, his membership was discontinued in 1926, apparently because he did not want to scare off Jewish sponsors. Nazi Pre-history. Wirth then published a book about the "Prehistory of the Atlantic Nordic race" "(German: Urgeschichte der atlantisch -nordischen Rasse)", which found appeal in völkisch circles. From October 1932, he attempted to set up a "Forschungsinstitut für Urgeschichte" in Bad Doberan associated with a professorship at Rostock university, supported by the NSDAP state government of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Headed by Wirth, it was extremely controversial in professional circles as well as among noted NSDAP intellectuals. Due to a lack of funds and Wirth's expensive way of life, the institute folded within a year. The "Hermann-Wirth-Gesellschaft", founded in 1928, also suffered. After the rise to power of the NSDAP, he rejoined the party in 1934 and shortly  thereafter became a member of the "Schutzstaffel" (SS membership number 258,776). He was re-awarded his former NSDAP number (20,151) personally by Adolf Hitler. In early summer 1933, friends within the NSDAP helped Wirth to be appointed to an extraordinary professorship without teaching responsibilities at the theological faculty of Berlin University. He also negotiated with the Prussian Ministry of Education about the establishment of an open-air museum ("Deutsches Ahnenerbe") near Berlin. Wirth also re-founded his organization as "Gesellschaft für germanische Ur- und Vorgeschichte", with assistance from the journalist and Nazi functionary Johann von Leers and the industrialist Ludwig  Roselius. The latter had supported Wirth since the 1920s and paid for the publication of "Der Aufgang der Menschheit". Between 1933 and 1935, there was a large philosophical clash, encouraged by the Nazi party, between the churches and neo-paganism supported by völkisch theories. Wirth was among those who tried to reinterpret Christianity in terms of ethnic Nordic origin of original monotheism. The free-thinking neo-pagans founded a supporting group in 1933, and included Wirth, Jakob Wilhelm Hauer, and until 1934 Ernst Bergmann and numerous ex-Communists. In 1934, Wirth advanced plans to create an organization called "Deutsches Ahnenerbe  e.V." which was intended to host and exhibit his collection. Although he was supported by Roselius, the "Verein" was seemingly never set up. But von Leers had brought Wirth into contact with Heinrich Himmler and Richard Walther Darré who were interested in Wirth's ideas. From 1935, sponsored by Himmler and Darré, Wirth co-founded and then headed the "Ahnenerbe", which was to "research German ancestral heritage", of the SS. In 1937, Himmler restructured the "Ahnenerbe", made Wirth the "Honorary President" with no real powers and replaced him as president with Walter Wüst. In 1938, Wirth also lost his  department within the "Ahnenerbe" and in 1939 he lost his position as "Ehrenpräsident". Wirth continued his research, repeatedly financed by Himmler; both men remained in touch. Wirth remained an SS-officer, but had, in spite of having Himmler's consent, a hard time in finding a new job at Marburg University. Post World War II. Captured in 1945 by the U.S. Army, Wirth was detained and interviewed for two years. Feeling unwelcome in the Netherlands, he then moved to Sweden, before returning to Marburg in 1954, where he lived as a private scholar. Although he continued to defend Nazi principles , Wirth's teachings about "Urkulturen" found resonance in the evolving alternative scene, and in the 1970s gained support from North American native groups. In the late 1970s, politicians in Rhineland-Palatinate, including the state government and delegates from Kusel, supported a project to set up a museum to show Wirth's ethnographic collection in the tithe barn of Lichtenberg Castle. When journals began to write about his Ahnenerbe-past, the project was aborted. The influential Chilean neonazi Miguel Serrano interviewed Wirth in September 1979. According to Serrano, Wirth complained to him that his magnum opus "Palestinabuch" had recently been stolen . There are, indeed, indications that Wirth hag worked between 1933 and 1969 on an anti-semitic text, which would serve as a counterpart to the "Ura Linda Chronicle". Since then, due to the publications of Serrano and the Russian philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, the idea of a lost major manuscript has gained cult status in extreme rightwing circles. Wirth died in 1981 in Kusel. Philosophy. Wirth claimed that civilization is a curse that only a simpler way of life, as documented in archaeological findings and historical records, could lift. He has been criticized for romantic nationalism and Germanomania. He was also  criticized by German scholars of his time, like Bolko von Richthofen, Gerhard Gloege, Arthur Hübner and , for "gullibly refusing to accept" the evidence that proved "Ura Linda chronicle" (a 6th–1st century BC chronicle of a Frisian family that he translated) a forgery. Wirth placed the origins of European civilization on the mythological island of Atlantis, which he thought had been located in the North Atlantic, connecting North America and Europe. Its inhabitants supposedly were pure Aryans, influencing the cultures not just of Europeans but also of the natives of North America and the wider "Old World" beyond Europe. According to  Wirth, these Atlanteans worshipped a single deity whose aspect changed with the seasons and its son, the "Heilsbringer". In their religion, priestesses played a key role. Wirth thought that both the Jewish and the Christian faith were perversions of this original religion. He considered himself a symbologist and thought the Germanic people to be direct descendants of these inhabitants of Atlantis. Researching the Germanic culture thus was a way of reconstructing the original culture of the ancients. All of this research was considered explicitly political as well as religious. Wirth's ideas inspired the design of "Haus Atlantis" in the  Böttcherstraße in Bremen. This was referred to in a speech by Hitler at the 1936 "Reichsparteitag", in which he denounced the "Böttcher-Straßen-Kultur".