Fuyu County, Heilongjiang
Fuyu () is a county of western Heilongjiang province, China, under the administration of Qiqihar City, the downtown of which is to the southwest. Various economic crops and the milk are produced in the fertile land. The county has an area of , and a population of 300,000 inhabitants. Toponymy. Fuyu County is named after the nearby , which derives from a Jurchen word for waterlogged depression. The county's name been transcribed into Chinese in a number of different ways, such as Wuyur (), Huyur (), Huyur (), and Wuyur (). History. The area of present-day Fuyu County was once inhabited by  the Sushen. The area also once belonged to the kingdom of Buyeo, and later . The area would later be inhabited by the Heishui Mohe. The Liao dynasty then conquered the area, and placed it under , which was then administered by . Under the Jin dynasty, the area was administered as . Following the Jin dynasty, the area was ruled by the Yuan dynasty. Under the Ming dynasty, which followed the Yuan, the area was administered as part of the Nurgan Regional Military Commission. During the Qing dynasty, the area was administered as part of Qiqihar. In 1685, Qing settlers established a settlement  in contemporary , known as Dalaiketun (). Towards the end of the Qing dynasty, the region was put under the administration of and . On March 19, 1929, the Republic of China reorganized the area as Fuyu Administrative Bureau, an . On October 1, 1933, the puppet state of Manchukuo established Fuyu County. Since then, the county has changed provinces numerous times, and has changed prefecture a number of times, until December 15, 1984, when it was placed under Qiqihar, which is has remained since. Administrative divisions. Fuyu County is divided into six towns, three townships, and one ethnic township. The county's six  towns are , , , , , and . The county's three townships are , , and . The county's sole ethnic township is . Climate. Fuyu has a cold, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen "Dwa"), with four distinct seasons. It has long, bitterly cold, dry winters and very warm, rainy summers. Demographics. Ethnic groups. The county is home to 17 different ethnic groups: Han Chinese, Manchu, Daur, Kyrgyz, Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Buyi, Korean, Xibe, Yao, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Uygur. Much of the county's ethnic minorities live in villages clustered together, such as Manchus living in the village of Sanjiazi (; Romanized Manchu: Ilan  Boo), Kyrgyz living in Wujiazi (), Daurs living in Dengke () and other villages, and Mongols living in Daxiaoquanzi (). Manchu. Fuyu County is home to approximately 7,000 Manchu people, most of whom live in the villages of Damagang (), Xiaomagang (), and Dagaoliang (). The town of hosts an annual Manchu sports festival, which includes horse racing, wrestling, archery, a competition in the traditional Manchu sport of pearl ball (), and other events. Daur. Fuyu County's government estimates that there are approximately 6,000 Daur people living in the county, and that the county's Daur population migrated to the area during the 1750s. Villages in  Fuyu County with large amounts of Daur people include Dengke () Dongji (), Dahazhou (), Liangchufang (), Shiwuli (), Dongtaha (), Xiaogaoliang (), Xitaha (), Kumu (), Jiqibao () and Fufeng (). Mongol. Fuyu County is home to over 2,000 Mongols, who are predominately Oirats. The county's Mongol population is largely concentrated in the villages of Daquanzi (), Xiaoquanzi (), Chenjiazi (), Bajiazi (), and Sanjianfang (). Fuyu Kyrgyz. The largely Kyrgyz village of Wujiazi is the largest concentration of Kyrgyz people in China, outside of Xinjiang. Of the 653 people who live in the village, 219 (33.54%) are Kyrgyz. Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Kyrgyz people. The Fuyu Kyrgyz are separate from  the other Kyrgyz ethnic group (see the Fuyu Kyrgyz language classification), but they are usually listed as Kyrgyz by the authorities. Languages. Sanjiazi (; Romanized Manchu: Ilan Boo) in Fuyu County is one of the few villages whose elderly inhabitants are considered to being the last native speakers of Manchu. The village's school offers courses in Manchu. The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is spoken in Fuyu County. It is not a variety of Kyrgyz, but is closer to the Siberian modern Khakas and the ancient language of the Yenisei Kyrgyz.