Derek Meddings
Derek Meddings (15 January 1931 – 10 September 1995) was a British film and television special effects designer. He was initially noted for his work on the "Supermarionation" TV puppet series produced by Gerry Anderson, and later for the 1970s and 1980s "James Bond" and "Superman" film series. Biography. Early years. Derek Meddings was born in St Pancras, London, England. Both Meddings' parents had worked in the British film industry: his father as a carpenter at Denham Studios and his mother as producer Alex Korda's secretary and actress Merle Oberon's stand-in. Meddings went to art school  and, in the late 1940s, also found work at Denham Studios, lettering credit titles. It was there that he met effects designer Les Bowie and joined his matte painting department. During the 1950s, Meddings' work with Bowie included the creation of Transylvanian landscapes for Hammer Films and a "string and cardboard" invention that proved useful when Meddings was hired for Gerry Anderson's earliest TV puppet series. In 1953, he married Anne S. Dodge (born 1935). In 1972, Meddings married Alexe Anne Inglis (born 18 May 1954). Gerry Anderson productions. Meddings' first work with Anderson was as an uncredited art  assistant on Anderson's second puppet series, "Torchy the Battery Boy", produced in 1957. In 1960, he painted cut-out backgrounds of ranch houses and picket fences for "Four Feather Falls". He was credited with the special effects in Anderson's 1960 and 1962 series "Supercar" and "Fireball XL5", being elevated to special effects director for "Stingray" (1964) for which he and Reg Hill designed the main models. Meddings became special effects supervisor for "Thunderbirds" (1965–66), during which time he was responsible for the design of the "Thunderbird" machines themselves. He was visual effects supervisor for all the Anderson puppet  series of the late 1960s ("Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons", "Joe 90" and "The Secret Service") and also Anderson's first live-action series, "UFO", at the start of the 1970s. He performed the same role on Anderson's three 1960s feature films, "Thunderbirds Are Go" (1966), "Thunderbird 6" (1968) and the live-action "Doppelgänger" (1969; also known as "Journey to the Far Side of the Sun"). During his time working on these series, Meddings and his team developed a number of innovations in the filming of miniature models and landscapes which have since become standard in the industry. Section::::"James  Bond" films. In the 1970s Meddings furthered his career by working on the special effects for the "James Bond" films. He first impressed producer Cubby Broccoli with some miniature effects that he had created for "Live and Let Die" (1973). Once Broccoli realised the economic advantages of building detailed models instead of expensive full-sized constructions, Meddings was encouraged to come up with design concepts for the next film in the series, "The Man with the Golden Gun" (1974). After this, he was contacted by Pink Floyd, and Meddings handled all the pyrotechnics on the Pink Floyd shows in 1975 . He returned to the James Bond films in 1977 with "The Spy Who Loved Me". Among other tasks, Meddings spent four months on location in the Bahamas, where he supervised the construction of a "miniature" supertanker more than long and three "miniature" nuclear submarines for exterior sequences filmed at sea. He also designed and built the Lotus Esprit car which converted into a submersible, cleverly intercutting full-sized body shells with one-quarter-scale miniatures. For "Moonraker" (1979), Meddings created and photographed miniatures of Drax's space shuttles and space station and also realised the final space battle. Due to  the film's tight schedule, Meddings was unable to use optical compositing (which is a lengthy process due to the extensive film processing involved) to combine the different elements for the space sequences. Instead, they were combined in-camera using multiple passes of the same piece of film. Film would sometimes be exposed as many as 90 times to capture the dozens of separately photographed elements. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Visual Effects. Meddings was Visual Effects Supervisor on "For Your Eyes Only" (1981). The ship's explosion was done with a miniature at Pinewood Studios  in the tank on the 007 Stage. For "GoldenEye" (1995), Meddings again created miniatures. This includes a train crash and a jet fighter crash. The climatic destruction of a gigantic satellite dish used a model built by Meddings' team, intercut with scenes shot with stuntmen in Britain. Other work. In 1975, Meddings created cost-effective model monsters which could be photographed in the same frame as the actors in the prehistoric adventure film "The Land That Time Forgot". On "Superman" (1978), his work included building a miniature of the Golden Gate Bridge to be destroyed in an earthquake, complete with  a colliding scale school bus and cars, while Superman (suspended on wires) flew in to the rescue. He also built and photographed the Krypton miniatures in addition to a large-scale model of the Hoover Dam. Due to the film's schedule overruns and Meddings' own commitments to the "James Bond" series, he was unable to complete the dam flooding sequence and the production hired a California-based company to complete the sequence – resulting in some visibly inferior miniature work in the latter part of the film. Meddings believed that he was asked to supervise the effects for "Batman" (1989 ) because director Tim Burton was a fan of his work on "Thunderbirds". Meddings set up his own visual effects company, The Magic Camera Company, based at Lee International Studios in Shepperton. For "" (1990), he established another company in Germany. He appeared once as an actor, in the role of Dr Stinson in "Spies Like Us" (1985). Death. At the time of his death from colorectal cancer in 1995, Meddings was engaged in post-production on the latest "James Bond" film, "GoldenEye", on which his sons Mark and Elliott James (born May 1973) also worked. A dedication in the credits of  the completed films reads "To the memory of Derek Meddings". Meddings is known to have had two other sons: Nicholas Alexander (born July 1980) and Noah Luscombe (born August 1978). He also had at least one daughter: Chloe Loveday (born 1982).