Chevron Reef
Chevron Reef, also known as Pratte's Reef, was an artificial reef constructed in 2000 in Santa Monica Bay, offshore from Dockweiler State Beach. It is the first artificial surfing reef in the United States and was the second to be built worldwide. Location. Located north of the El Segundo jetty and two hundred yards south of the Hyperion sewage treatment plant 1-mile outfall, known locally as "Shitpipe", the reef lies approximately one hundred yards offshore in fifteen feet of water. History. In 1984, the California Coastal Commission approved a proposed 900-foot jetty to protect a  marine terminal and underwater pipelines at a Chevron facility in El Segundo, California. The Surfrider Foundation fought the decision and an agreement was made that the company would pay $300,000 to build an artificial surfing reef if it could be proved that the jetty caused a substantial decrease in surfable waves. Research demonstrating the jetty's negative effect on surf quality was completed in 1994, but the $300,000 from Chevron took until 1999 to be paid out. Plans proceeded and the reef was dubbed Pratte's Reef in honor of Surfrider co-founder Thomas Pratte, who had been  influential in fighting the Chevron jetty approval and died in 1994. In the fall of 2000, 110 geotextile bags were dropped into the water to create the artificial reef. It did not have as much of an effect as hoped and an additional $200,000 grant from the California Coastal Conservancy was secured to fund adding another 90 bags at the site in spring 2001. In retrospect, the reef was not large enough to focus the swells into nicely breaking waves. Surfrider environmental director Chad Nelsen said in an interview that "when the surf gets big, it breaks outside the  reef" but noted that the reef used the greatest volume of sand it could within budget constraints. Beginning in 2008, the reef was removed as required by its permit.