Bombardier M5000
The Bombardier M5000, later sold as the Alstom M5000, is a model of light rail passenger vehicle. It is part of the Bombardier Flexity Swift range of vehicles, built specifically as a high-floor, articulated bi-directional tram to operate solely on the Manchester Metrolink system in England. The Metrolink system is the only tram network in the United Kingdom capable of running vehicles in multiple and subsequently the M5000s can operate as either a single vehicle or coupled together to form a "double" unit. The first M5000 entered service on 21 December 2009. Following the withdrawal of  the last AnsaldoBreda T-68 and T-68A trams in May 2014, the M5000s have operated all Metrolink services. Alstom purchased Bombardier Transportation in January 2021, taking over production of the M5000. History. In April 2007, eight Bombardier Flexity Swift trams were ordered by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive, for Metrolink; these were intended to supplement the existing T-68/A fleet and increase capacity on the Bury-Altrincham line, which was suffering from overcrowding. Based on the K5000 design used in the German cities of Cologne and Bonn, these were designated the M5000. On 13 July 2009, the first M5000 (numbered  3001) was delivered to Manchester. The M5000s were built by Bombardier Transportation factories in Bautzen, Germany and tested at their facility in Vienna, Austria, with all electrical equipment supplied by Vossloh Kiepe of Werdohl, Germany. Unlike the previous T-68/A trams, the M5000's lacked retractable steps, as the low-height platforms on several of the stops in central Manchester were either raised or removed to create an entirely high-floor network. A further four were ordered in November 2007 (Nos. 3009-3012) to allow for a new 12-minute service between Cornbrook and the new MediaCityUK extension in Salford  Quays. Another 28 were then ordered (Nos. 3013-3040) to complete the tram order for the Phase 3A expansion of the network. After funding had been secured for the Phase 3B expansion of the network, another 22 M5000s were ordered (Nos. 3041-3062). Meanwhile, the M5000 trams were proving to be considerably more reliable than the older T-68/A fleet, which were found to be in need of expensive overhauls to keep them in service. In 2011, Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM) decided it would be more cost effective to replace the entire 32 strong T-68/A fleet with M5000s  than to overhaul them, and so 32 more M5000s were ordered in two batches of 12 and then 20 (Nos. 3063-3094) in order to replace them. In 2013, ten more trams were ordered in anticipation of the Trafford Park Line before the production line closed. In September 2014, TfGM ordered a further 16, bringing the total number of units ordered to 120. The last was delivered in October 2016. In July 2018, a further 27 were ordered to help relieve overcrowding. The first of these was delivered on 14 November 2020 and are currently entering service as delivered. Further  deliveries follow every three to four weeks. Description. Each vehicle is long and has three bogies, the outer two of which are powered, while the unpowered central bogie supports the articulation gangway. Numbers 3001 to 3074 have 52 standard seats with a further 8 "perch" seats, while numbers 3075 upwards have 60 standard seats and 6 perch seats. On numbers 3001 to 3074 there are two wheelchair spaces, one in each half of the tram; which increased to four spaces for numbers 3075 upwards. At a standard 4 persons per square metre there is space for 146 standing passengers, giving  each vehicle a total peak capacity of 206 passengers. The M5000 can be operated as single vehicles or as a double, the latter providing capacity for over 400 passengers at any one time. The trams are equipped with a passenger information system to deliver timely and relevant travelling information using Mitrac's propulsion system. In service. The M5000s operate all Metrolink services. They operate both singularly and as a double, denoted by "dbl" for a double on passenger information displays. Multiple M5000s are able to be coupled and operate as "triple" and "quadruple" units however this only happens in case  of emergency such as a tram unit breaking down. The first 60 (3001-60) were either delivered with, or retrofitted from withdrawn T68's, automatic tram stop and vehicle recognition system (VRS) equipment and can be used anywhere on the Metrolink network. 3061+ have never been fitted with this equipment and cannot be used in-between Timperley and Altrincham where the line is operated by Network Rail. During disruption the non ATS/VRS vehicles can occasionally be found terminating at Timperley but this is infrequent. Some of the 3001-60 batch have since had the ATS/VRS removed  when the equipment has failed, with the reduction of ATS signalling across the network there is no need for a full 60 vehicles to be fitted. In the winter, vehicles can be fitted with special "ice-breaker" pantograph carbons and run across the network over night to remove ice from the overhead lines and keep it from re-forming to an extent that might disrupt the first trams of the day. The M5000s are fitted with electronic whistles instead of the Air Chime whistles fitted to the T68s. When operated this plays a recording of a horn with a quieter  mode for street areas, and a much louder mode for "segregated" areas. The frequent 'toot' sounds are a recognisable symbol of the Metrolink network and common background noise in Manchester City Centre.