Stock Exchange of Mauritius
The Stock Exchange of Mauritius (SEM) (); is an organization responsible for the operation of Mauritius's primary stock exchange located at Port Louis. The SEM operates two markets: the Official Market and the Development & Enterprise Market (DEM). There are 40 companies listed on the Official Market representing a Market Capitalization of nearly 5.3 billion, the DEM presently has 48 companies listed with a market capitalisation of nearly 1.5 billion as at 31 July 2012. SEM is one of the leading Exchanges in Africa and a member of the World Federation of Exchanges. Overview. The SEM's  Official Market has three market indices: SEMDEX, SEMTRI and SEM-10. History. The Stock Exchange Act 1988 established a small but thriving exchange which is run by the Stock Exchange of Mauritius Ltd (SEM), a private limited company. The act also established the Stock Exchange Commission (SEC), which controls and supervises stock exchange operations. Two markets operated: the Official List and the Over-The-Counter Market (for unlisted shares). There are around 40 companies listed on the Official List, and around eighty companies quoted in the Over-The-Counter Market. 10 companies are quoted for their debentures. The exchange has classified  these companies into seven categories, namely: banks and insurance, industry, investments, sugar, commerce, leisure and hotels and transport. There are also two dual listed funds quoted both on the London Stock Exchange and the Stock Exchange of Mauritius. The SEMDEX - the all shares index - reflects capitalisation based on each listed stock which is weighted according to its shares in the total market. In its computation, the current value of SEMDEX is expressed in relation to a base period, which was chosen as of July 5, 1989, with an index value of 100. Trading takes place five days a week and  is conducted through an open outcry, order-driven and single-price auction system. Each share (excluding foreign shares) has a maximum +/- 15% price limit per trading session. A 1% brokerage commission is charged by stockbroking companies. There is no tax on dividends or capital gains. Major developments took place through the establishment of a new electronic clearing and settlement system and the introduction of daily trading (at the end of 1997). Future planned developments include the introduction of a new electronic trading system and the listing of new financial products on the stock market. The SEM was recently promoted  from the status of corresponding exchange to that of affiliated securities markets within the Fedération Internationale des Bourses de Valeurs (FIBV) and it is also a founding member of the African Stock Exchange Association (ASEA). The SEM was opened to foreign investors in 1994 following the abolition of exchange controls. Foreign investors do not need approval to trade shares, unless the investment is for the purpose of legal or management control of a Mauritian company. The only restriction is that foreign investors cannot have an individual holding of more than 15% in a sugar company. There is no control  on currency repatriation, and the currencies are fully convertible and market determined. Settlements can be made in a foreign currency and foreign currency accounts can be opened in Mauritius. There are no capital gains taxes and no withholding tax on dividends procured from trading in officially listed companies. A major development of 1998 was the implementation of a central depository system, in which all listed companies are registered. This system allows delivery versus payment (DVP) on a T+3 day rotating basis. The establishment of a clearinghouse, through the Bank of Mauritius, provided for a guarantee fund, which incorporates measures for  securities and fund settlement failure. The exchange, in collaboration with international advisers, drafted new listing and reporting rules to ensure greater transparency for investors. These rules came into force during the first half of 1998.