South African Class 33-400
The South African Railways Class 33-400 of 1968 was a South African and Namibian diesel-electric locomotive. Between 1968 and 1970, the South African Railways placed 115 Class General Electric type U20C diesel-electric locomotives in service. Many of them were transferred to TransNamib, the Namibian Railways, upon South West Africa’s independence on 21 March 1990. Manufacturer. The Class 33-400 type GE U20C diesel-electric locomotive was designed for the South African Railways (SAR) by General Electric (GE) and built by the South African General Electric-Dorman Long Locomotive Group (SA GE -DL, later Dorbyl). The 115 locomotives were delivered between July 1968 and March 1970, numbered in the range from to . Class 33 series. The Class 33 consisted of three series, the GE Classes and and the General Motors Electro-Motive Division Class. Both manufacturers also produced locomotives for the subsequent SAR Classes 34, 35 and 36. The two GE-built Classes were virtually identical in appearance, but could be distinguished from each other by some ventilation openings on their bodywork. These doors and panels could and sometimes did get swapped between models, either as replace­ment for damaged items or by  chance during overhauls. An example is SCTP no. 1435, sold to the Congolese Company for Transportation and Ports (SCTP), illustrated below, of which the left-side door on the nose had apparently been swapped with that of their Class no. 1436, illustrated alongside. Service. South African Railways. Upon being commissioned, many of the Class locomotives were placed in service in South West Africa (SWA) while some went to the Mafeking line working out of Johannesburg. Forty-five of them were eventually transferred to TransNamib, the Namibian Railways, upon SWA’s independence on 21 March 1990. They retained their SAR engine  numbers on the TransNamib roster, but without the "33-" prefix. Some have since been sold while others have been rebuilt with reconditioned prime movers by TransNamib's workshops in Windhoek and renumbered from no. 501 up. The two cabside number plates on Class locomotives were not identical. Usually, all the locomotives in a Class would have either Afrikaans or English at the top of all their number plates. On the Class number plates, the inscription was in Afrikaans at the top on the right hand or driver’s side, and in English at the top on the left hand or  driver's assistant's side. In South Africa, most of the Class locomotives survived in mainline and branch line service well into the 21st century, for example on the lines from De Aar to Upington, from Worcester to Voorbaai and on suburban service out of East London. From 2009, some were also employed out of Cape Town on the Overberg line across Sir Lowry's Pass to Caledon and on the Bitterfontein line up the West Coast where they replaced several Classes and locomotives that were leased to private railway operators in several Southern African countries. Some were employed for  a while as heavy shunting engines to assemble or unload iron ore trains at the Sishen-Saldanha iron ore line's terminals until the arrival of the Class in 2011 made more Classes, , and locomotives available for this task. Zambia. Between October 1978 and May 1993, Zambia Railways (ZR) hired locomotives to solve its chronic shortages in motive power, mainly from South Africa but at times also from Zaire, Zimbabwe, the TAZARA Railway and even the Zambian Copper Mines. In Zambia, the South African locomotives were mainly used on goods trains between Livingstone and Kitwe, sometimes in tandem with a  ZR locomotive and occasionally also on passenger trains. Locomotives were selected from a pool of engines which was allocated by the Railways for hire to Zambia. The South African fleet in Zambia was never constant since loco­motives were continually exchanged as they became due back in South Africa for their three-monthly services. The locomotives were initially selected from the Classes , 35-000 and 35-200, but by December 1989 some Class locomotives also began to serve one or more tours of duty in Zambia. The pool of Class 33-400 locomotives allocated by the Railways for hire to ZR  from time to time included the locomotives as shown in the "Leased to" column in the table. The last Class locomotive to serve in Zambia was no. which was returned in April 1992. By the end of May 1993, no more South African locomotives were working in Zambia. South America. In 1997, twenty Class locomotives were sold to "Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica" (FCA). They were since resold in 1999 to "América Latina Logística" (ALL) in Brazil where they retained their FCA engine numbers. In 2003, three of these locomotives, ex SAR numbers (ALL 2663), (2668) and (2679), were resold to the  Ferroviaria Oriental (FOB) in Bolivia. Of these, two were resold again to "Sociedad Química y Minera" (SQM) in Chile. Of these twenty locomotives in South America, ten still survived by July 2010. These include the three units sold to FOB and subsequently resold to EFO and SQM, five locomotives reported as non-operating and two which were returned to "Rede Ferroviária Federal, Sociedade Anônima" (RFFSA), the state-owned federal railroad network of Brazil. Sudan Railways. Ten Class 33-400 locomotives were sold to the Sudan Railways. Democratic Republic of the Congo. In 2015, some Class 33-000 and Class 33 -400 locomotives were sold to the Congolese Company for Transportation and Ports (SCTP, formerly Onatra) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. These locomotives were refurbished in South Africa prior to being delivered to their new owners. Industrial service. Six Class 33-400 locomotives were sold to Iscor (now Kumba Iron Ore) for use at its Vanderbijlpark steel works and at Kumba’s Grootgeluk Colliery at Ellisras. Preservation. One loco Class 33-400 no. 33-487 has been marked down on TRANSnet Heritage Foundation as a historic locomotive set to be preserved in the near future it currently resides at  East London - Cambridge. Liveries. The class 33-400 were all delivered in the Gulf Red livery with yellow side-stripes on the long hood, a yellow V on each end, signal red buffer beams and unpainted steel cowcatchers. Most of them wore this livery throughout their SAR service life. In the Spoornet era at least one was painted in Spoornet orange livery with yellow and blue chevron buffer beams and in the Transnet Freight Rail era at least one was painted in its red, green and yellow livery. Works numbers. The Class 33-400 builder’s works numbers and eventual  disposition are listed in the table. Illustration. The main picture and the following serve to illustrate the distinguishing features of the Class and some of the liveries that they served in.