Police Special Operation Department
The Police Special Operations Department () or Police Special Action (), abbreviated as PÖH, is the police tactical unit of the General Directorate of Security in Turkey. The force consists of 22,000 personnel, more than a thousand of whom are women. It is also deployed as part of the Turkish occupation of northern Syria. History. The PÖH was founded in 1983 as "Special Operations Office" (), under the command of Department of Public Security, to prevent armed acts of terrorist organizations residential area or in rural areas, to rescue hostages in places like aircraft, land vehicles, ships, subways, trains , and in enclosed spaces like buildings, to ensure the safety in cities and in civil aviation airports with special skills, modern weapons, ammunition, vehicles, equipment, tactics and techniques. In larger cities like Ankara, İstanbul, and İzmir, "Special Operations Group Authorities "() were organized in the same year. As a result of changing conditions, in 1987, the office was transferred to the Anti-Terrorism and Operations Department under the name "Special Operations Branch" (). In 1993, the Special Operations Branch was promoted to a department and gained its current structuring. İbrahim Şahin was head of the Department until being forced to resign in  1996 over the Susurluk scandal. Ayhan Çarkın was a notable member of the department in the 1990s. Training. To qualify for PÖH, an applicant must: In addition, a training simulation called TAKSİS is conducted by TÜBİTAK. After 16 weeks of training, the applicant will get a certificate which officially names him as an operative of PÖH. Tactics. PÖH uses automatic and special weapons and rapid deployment tactics for exceptional circumstances such as bank robberies, kidnappings, and hostage rescues, among others. The nature of the unit is quite like US SWAT units or the German GSG 9. PÖH mostly specializes in  counter-terrorism (CT) operations against forces and is able to undertake operations in many environments, including buses and planes. Police Special Operation Department is one of a handful of security forces in the world which employs active front line female squad members in combat operations.