French cruiser Isly
Isly was a protected cruiser built in the late 1880s and early 1890s for the French Navy. The third member of the class, "Isly" and her sister ships were ordered during the tenure of Admiral Théophile Aube as Minister of Marine according to the theories of the doctrine. The ships were intended as long-range commerce raiders, and they were armed with a main battery of four guns, were protected by an armor deck that was thick, and were capable of steaming at a top speed of around . "Isly" initially served with the Reserve Division of the  Northern Squadron, spending only part of the year in active service for training exercises. She was deployed to French Indochina from 1895 to 1896 and then again from 1897 to 1899. After returning to France, she joined the North Atlantic station, operating out of Brest. "Isly" spent the next decade serving in the Atlantic, changing units as the fleet was repeatedly reorganized; she also received new water-tube boilers in 1902. In 1908, she was briefly sent to French Morocco, and the following year she was converted into a depot ship for destroyers. She was struck from the naval register  in 1914 and thereafter broken up. Design. Design work on the "Jean Bart" class began in 1885 under the direction of the French naval minister, Charles-Eugène Galiber, who wanted a new commerce raiding protected cruiser similar to the earlier , albeit smaller and with a smaller secondary battery. By the time French shipyards had responded to requests for design proposals, Admiral Théophile Aube had replaced Galiber as naval minister, but Aube was an ardent supporter of the doctrine that emphasized long-range, commerce raiding cruisers. He called for the construction of six large and ten small protected cruisers, though by  the end of his tenure in 1887, the program had been reduced to five large, two medium, and six small cruisers. Aube ordered the first two "Jean Bart"-class cruisers to fulfill the requirements for the first set of large cruisers, and his successor, Édouard Barbey, authorized the third. The two "Jean Bart"s proved to be the last of the initial series of commerce raiders built under the influence of the . "Isly" was long between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draft of . She displaced . Her crew varied over the course of her career, amounting to 387–405 officers and enlisted  men. The ship's propulsion system consisted of a pair of triple-expansion steam engines driving two screw propellers. Steam was provided by eight coal-burning fire-tube boilers that were ducted into two funnels. Her machinery was rated to produce for a top speed of . She had a cruising radius of at . The ship was armed with a main battery of four 28-caliber guns and a secondary battery of six 30-cal. guns. All of these guns were placed in individual pivot mounts; the 164 mm guns were in sponsons located fore and aft, with two guns per  broadside. Four of the 138 mm guns were in sponsons between the 164 mm guns, one was in an embrasure in the forecastle and the last was in a swivel mount on the stern. For close-range defense against torpedo boats, she carried six 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns and eight Hotchkiss revolver cannon. She was also armed with five torpedo tubes in her hull above the waterline. Armor protection consisted of a curved armor deck that was thick, along with plating on the conning tower. The main and secondary guns received thick gun shields. Modifications. In 1897, "Isly" had her  heavy military masts replaced with light pole masts in an attempt to reduce topweight. At that time, she also had her bow and stern torpedo tubes removed. Another refit took place in 1909, during which her light armament was standardized to twelve 47 mm guns. The navy considered replacing her boilers in 1910, but decided against it due to the cost. Service history. "Isly" was ordered on 1 March 1887 and she was laid down at the in Brest, France on 3 July 1887, before the lead ship of her class, , began construction. She was launched on 22 June 1891  and was commissioned on 25 October 1892 to begin sea trials. During her initial testing, she reached a top speed of using forced draft, though the test was conducted in poor weather that reduced the ship's speed by about half a knot. The trials lasted nearly a year, and she was finally placed in full commission for active service on 20 September 1893. Ten days later, she steamed to Cherbourg to join the (Northern Squadron). She was assigned to the Reserve Division of the Northern Squadron, which that time included the ironclad , the coastal defense ships and , and the  torpedo cruiser . The following year, she continued to operate with the squadron. She took part in annual training exercises that year to evaluate the effectiveness of the French coastal defense system. The squadron went to sea on 15 July and began the operations the next day, which lasted until 29 July. The maneuvers demonstrated the usefulness of torpedo boat flotillas in coastal defense, but highlighted that France's coastal defense system in the English Channel was not yet complete. "Isly" was sent with her sister ship on a cruise to French Indochina in 1895. She remained on station in the  Far East into 1896, but was ordered home that year. In 1897, "Isly" returned to the Far East in company with the recently completed protected cruiser ; they joined the old ironclad and the unprotected cruiser . "Isly" had returned to France by 1899, when she was assigned to the North Atlantic station in Brest on 15 March. The ship was laid up in 1900 for an overhaul that included the replacement of her original wood decks with linoleum-covered steel. She remained out of service through early 1901 and was recommissioned on 8 April for service in the fisheries in the  Atlantic. She was assigned to the Naval Division of the Atlantic Ocean, along with the protected cruisers and . "Isly" operated with the transport vessel "Manche", patrolling the fishing grounds off Newfoundland for six months of the year. The next year, "Isly" was decommissioned for a major overhaul, which included the installation of new water-tube boilers. In 1908, the Naval Division of the Atlantic was amalgamated with the Northern Squadron, and "Isly" was transferred to that command, commissioning for service on 1 January in Lorient. By that time, the squadron consisted of eight armored cruisers and four other protected cruisers . "Isly" was temporarily sent to French Morocco early in the year in company with the armored cruiser . In 1909, "Isly" was converted into a depot ship for destroyers, before being decommissioned on 13 March 1911. She was struck from the naval register on 23 November 1911 and used as a depot ship for torpedo boats based in Lorient from late 1911 to 1913. She was then placed for sale, eventually being purchased on 11 April 1914 by Willer Peterson of Copenhagen, Denmark, to be broken up.