Sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance
In Christian hamartiology, the sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance (, lit. "screaming sins") are four specific sins which are listed by the Bible. While the Bible only refers to specific acts by Biblical characters as "crying to Heaven for Vengeance", in Western Christianity, these references are expanded upon and treated as establishing a category of particularly serious sins. Along with the seven deadly sins and the eternal sins, the sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance are the most serious transgressions against the Law of Christ. Catholic Church. The expression is referenced  in the Jewish Bible, particularly in ("The Lord said to Cain ... the voice of thy brother's blood crieth to me from the earth"), , , and . The sins are numbered as being either four or seven; they are listed as follows: Tom Hoopes of Benedictine College explicates the sins that cry to heaven for vengeance with respect to modern political thought: The sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance are referenced in the Douay Catholic Catechism of 1649, a compendium of Catholic doctrine. The concept is present in Catholic moral theology. Reformed Churches. Reformed theologian William M'Gavin opined that "the four  sins that cry to heaven for vengeance; these are, wilful murder—sin of Sodom—oppression of the poor—to defraud servants of their wages" are greater in gravity than the seven deadly sins. Other interpretations. Many churches, particularly ones considered progressive, understand the "sin of Sodom" to be oppression of the poor, in light of ("This was the guilt of your sister Sodom: she and her daughters had pride, excess of food, and prosperous ease, but did not aid the poor and needy").