Amarnath land transfer controversy
On 26 May 2008, the government of India and the state Government of Jammu and Kashmir reached an agreement to transfer of forest land to the "Shri Amarnathji Shrine Board" (SASB) in the main Kashmir valley to set up temporary shelters and facilities for Hindu pilgrims. This caused a controversy, with demonstrations from the Kashmir valley against the land transfer and protests from the Jammu region supporting it. The largest demonstration saw more than 500,000 protesters at a single rally, among the largest in Kashmir's history. Kashmir protests. Six people were killed and 100 injured  when police fired into a crowd in Srinagar protesting the transfer of forest land. Separatist JKLF (R) organised a march to the controversial land in Baltal. Senior separatist leaders Shabir Ahmad Shah, Syed Ali Shah Geelani and Mirwaiz Omar Farooq, leaders of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC), which planned the protests, were placed under house arrest. Throughout the Srinagar area, most public buildings, including schools and government offices, and many businesses, have remained closed. Environmental concerns. Initial opposition to the land transfer was based on environmental concerns. Some environmentalists argued that the land transfer would hamper the region's  delicate ecological balance. Reports that the SASB was planning to construct dams across the river Indus to generate electricity for the shrine were unconfirmed. Government response. The state government accepted the demands of the protesters from the Kashmir valley region by revoking the land transfer decision on 1 July 2008. Hindu groups in the Jammu region reacted by mounting their own counter-protests against the revocation and called for the cancellation of the revocation decision. Political turmoil. As the Kashmiri protests grew wider and more violent, the People's Democratic Party (PDP) said that it would withdraw support to the  Indian National Congress (INC)-led state government if it did not revoke the land transfer agreement. Though the land transfer was revoked (after the PDP withdrew its support), the crisis deepened further when the PDP did not lend support to the state government even after the revocation. Meanwhile, the Gulam Nabi Azad's minority government decided to step-down on 7 July 2008. The protests, however, took a more political tone as state elections are scheduled to be held later in 2008. With elections already due in the state, Omar Abdullah played down the incident and said that PDP's decision  to withdraw was not a major constitutional crisis. Jammu protests. In Jammu, mass protests erupted against the government's decision to revoke the land transfer. The people of the Jammu region generally supported the land transfer, and threatened to shut down the city on 26 June 2008. 20 kilometres away, in Nagrota, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) supporters blocked a highway It has been joined by 35 other organisations, under the banner of Amarnath Shrine Sangharsh Samiti, that have two main demands: that of recalling Governor NN Vohra and the restoration of land to the Shrine Board. Hindu groups such as  the Bajrang Dal and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) protested in front of Kashmir House in Delhi in support of the land transfer. The situation in Jammu suddenly deteriorated after Kuldeep Raj committed suicide on 23 July and his body was mishandled and dishonoured by the police. Slowly, protests spread to other parts of Jammu. A curfew was imposed in many districts. Protesters claimed that an economic blockade of the Kashmir Valley was being imposed by stopping traffic on the Srinagar Jammu National Highway. The "economic blockade" theory was however fiercely contested, with the Government of India, the Army, the  District Administration, SASB maintaining that there was no blockade. BJP called the blockade "a lie perpetuated by the ISI", of which there was no compelling evidence, and maintained the people of the Valley were being misled with a false propaganda, aiding the designs of separatists. One person was killed and another injured on 6 August 2008 when the Army fired to disperse a violent mob, which blocked the Jammu-Pathankot Highway in Kathua district. Two protesters were killed and eight injured as police opened fire to quell a mob in Samba district on 1 August 2008 Conversely there were also  Muslims who, backed by the local Muslim federation and the Muslim Gujjar community, who supported the demands of the Hindus of Jammu. There were, however, reports of Hindu rioters in Jammu attacking and burning at least 72 Muslim homes during the weeks of violent protests. Shri Amarnath Yatra Sangharsh Samiti convener Leela Karan Sharma said on 6 August 2008 that nothing short of revocation of the land transfer to Amarnath Shrine Board would be acceptable. He opined that the state government was responsible for flaring religious sentiments by allowing construction of the Muslim Jama Masjid at Baltal, yet not allowing  a temporary structure for the benefit of Hindu yatris. Government response. Despite the protests, the state government has not annulled the revocation decision. Central Government moved hundreds of security forces into the region. Indian authorities restored the Amarnath pilgrimage route after a brief disruption. Opposition party BJP spokesperson Prakash Javadekar said on 2 August 2008 that "It seems the Centre only understands the voices of the valley and not of the Jammu region. It is trying to find a solution through force and is not initiating a dialogue". The prime minister Manmohan Singh spoke to BJP president Rajnath Singh and  sought his party's help in finding a solution to the issue. Regional biases. The protests highlighted the eclipse of secularism in the state of Jammu and Kashmir It also highlighted widespread frustration among both Hindus and Muslims in Jammu with the appeasement of separatists in the Kashmir valley. The separatist-Muslim dominated north west (Kashmir valley), not ready to provide land for Amarnath yatris, succeeded in revoking the land transfer through violent protests. Jammu's Hindu and Muslim nationalists in the south west (Jammu) are equally opposed to the appeasement decision to revoke the land transfer. Thus, a regional  divide emerged between Jammu and Kashmir., while eastern Ladakh remains aloof. The Gujjar Muslim community strongly attacked the statement of separatist leaders that Muslims in Jammu do not want to live with Hindus of the region. They described it as "an attempt to drive a wedge between communities bonded with each other by language and culture for centuries". Fruit grower's protests. Kashmir Fruit Growers Association gave a 24-hour ultimatum to the government failing which they would start agitation for the opening of Muzaffarabad Road for export. "We will export our products to various Indian states via Muzaffarabad and  Wagah border", said president of the association. The Indian government alleges that the claims of an economic blockade were fabricated by the Hurriyat and the Inter-Services Intelligence to provoke locals into joining the pro-independence protests. The Ex-Indian Home Minister Shivraj Patil, appealed to the fruit growers to call off their protests. He offered to buy all their fruit and also to pay compensation to those whose fruit has perished. Party wise stand. Congress Working Committee spokesperson, Veerappa Moily, said "Providing makeshift and temporary accommodation for yatris and pilgrims all over the country is not a new phenomenon ... the authorities spend a lot of money in providing temporary facilities during Kumbh Mela, Puri rath yatra festival". said that it was absurd to suggest all such temporary shelters could be made permanent. Moily said that the Hurriyat factions and other separatist groups had exploited the mood during the turmoil to revive their "diabolic agenda". He said that playing mischief, Hurriyat had spread rumours that the highways from the Valley to the plains had been blocked stopping movement of goods and essential commodities. Making use of this false propaganda, they organised the march to Muzaffarabad to seek market for the  fruit, Moily said. Ignoring the Indian government's curfew orders, People's Democratic Party and Kashmiri separatist leaders. backed the local fruit growers Government position. Claiming that there is no blockade along the Srinagar-Jammu highway, the ministry said as many as 236 trucks and tankers carrying oil, gas, sheep, medicines and poultry products crossed the Jawahar Tunnel from the Jammu side early on Wednesday morning. Of these, 82 trucks and tankers had reached Srinagar by afternoon, it said. Referring to the stranded trucks in the Valley, an official said a fleet of them actually belonged to one individual close  to the Hurriyat. The transporter refused to move his vehicles towards Jammu despite the promise of full security cover along the route. The Kashmiri media, however, reported shortages of food, drugs, and other essential supplies in the Kashmir Valley as a result of the alleged blockade and consequently prices of essential commodities increased substantially in the Valley. March to the LOC. On 11 August 2008, 50,000 to 2,50,000 Kashmiri protesters attempted to cross the LoC to Muzaffarabad, in violation of march ban orders. Despite intelligence warnings that the LoC march would gather tens of thousands of supporters, the State government  and top police officials failed to act immediately and refused to impose a curfew. In the event, small groups of police personnel were left to hold back the marchers. 11 August violence. Fifteen people were killed and hundreds more injured when police and paramilitary forces opened fire on protesters attempting to cross the LoC. All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) leader Sheikh Abdul Aziz, a moderate separatist, was among those killed on 11 August. Police say several of their personnel were injured by stones thrown by those at the protest. 12 August violence. Following the death of the APHC separatist leader  Sheikh Abdul Aziz and others during the police firing on 11 August, the separatists in Kashmir region organized protests. Fifteen Kashmiri civilians were killed in the firing by Kashmir police and paramilitary forces. More than 100 people were also injured in a twelve separate incidents of police firing across the Kashmir valley region. Six protesters were killed in Srinagar police firing. In Lasjan, on the outskirts of Srinagar, four were killed after police forces opened fire on a protest led by former government minister Javed Mustafa Mir. Police sources claim that the service weapon of one of Mir's personal  security guards "accidentally" went off, injuring 7 Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) troopers, and provoking the retaliatory firing that left four protesters dead. However, local villagers claimed that the CRPF forces opened fire on the protesters first, killing two, then opening once more when others went to help the injured, killing two women in the process. Three protesters, including a woman, were killed in firing at Paribal by the Indian Army. The army spokesperson for the 15 Corps said that the protesters were throwing stones at a military picket, and refused to disperse despite repeated appeals. Another protester was reportedly  killed in Anantnag. In Kishawar, communal clashes broke out after Kashmiri Muslims began protesting the death of Sheikh Abdul Aziz. Muslim and Hindu owned homes and businesses were torched, and two protesters, including a 12-year-old boy, were killed in the rioting. The burial of Sheikh Aziz, held in the Martyrs Graveyard in Srinagar, passed without incident. 14 August Jammu death. In Jammu, a man named Balwant Raj Sharma poisoned himself. He donated all his property to Shree Amarnath Sangharsh Samiti. 20 August protests in Jammu and Kashmir. The peaceful demonstrations in this otherwise bustling Jammu city was in  stark contrast to the high decibel protests in Srinagar. While in Jammu, women walked silently with candles in their hands demanding restoration of forestland to Shri Amarnath Shrine Board (SASB), in Srinagar, they joined their protesting men against years of perceived injustices. Shri Aamarnath Yatra Sangarsh Samiti spearheading the agitation in Jammu, called for civil disobedience On the third and final day of the "Jail Bharo Andolan" of Shri Amarnath Yatra Sangharsh Samiti (SAYSS), over 2,00,000 protesters, including thousands of children, courted arrest in the Jammu region on 20 August 2008 .In the violent protests and clashes between the protesters  and security forces, which continued till late evening, one person was killed while over 60 people, including 6 police personnel, sustained injuries. Meanwhile, National Security Adviser M.K. Narayanan reviewed the security and political situation in Jammu and Kashmir at a meeting with Governor N.N. Vohra. The government has also pushed Track-II activists into a dialogue process with the separatists even as a four-member panel was scheduled to talk with the Shri Amarnath Sangarsh Samiti. End to SASB agitation. On 31 August 2008, the 61-day-old agitation in the Jammu region over the Amarnath land row ended following  the signing of an agreement between the group leading the agitation and the Jammu and Kashmir Governor-appointed panel. Under the terms of the agreement the shrine board would be making temporary use of 40-hectares of land during the relevant yatra period. The SASB convenor Leela Karan Sharma said: "We have suspended the agitation for the time being, though not called it off, as some of our demands are yet to be met." Reactions. Party To dispute. On Wednesday 6 August 2008 the Pakistani Senate unanimously passed a resolution on the matter. The resolution expressed concerns over attacks on  Muslims and their properties by Hindus.