Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Power Plant
The Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Plant is a proposed pumped-storage hydropower facility in Indonesia, due for completion by 2025. The pant will be located west of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia, and its two reservoirs will occupy area in West Bandung Regency and Cianjur Regency. It will have an installed capacity of 1,040 MW and will be Indonesia's first pumped-storage power plant. Background. Studies for the project were carried out in the 1990s and a detailed design was completed in 2002. A World Bank loan for the project was approved in  May 2011 and signed in November. The West Java government approved the project in October 2011. Preliminary construction such as access road building began in early 2014. The first generator was then expected to be operational by 2019. However, the project has been delayed and the loan was cancelled in May 2017. Construction did not start partly due to the occurrence of landslides. The access road has been built but is considered unsafe. In 2019, a new loan agreement with the World bank was found, and the facility was expected to become operational by 2025, according to Indonesia's Electricity  Supply Business Plan. Of the project's US$800 million cost, US$650 million is being provided by the World Bank. The remaining US$150 million is to be supplied by the project owner Perusahaan Listrik Negara. Design and operation. The power plant will operate by shifting water between two reservoirs; the lower reservoir on the Upper Cisokan River (a branch of the Citarum River), and the upper reservoir on the Cirumamis River which is a right-bank tributary of the former. When energy demand is high, water from the upper reservoir is sent to the power plant to produce  electricity. When energy demand is low, water is pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper by the same pump-generators. This process repeats as needed and allows the plant to serve as a peaking power plant. Both reservoirs will be formed by concrete gravity dams using roller-compacted concrete. Each will have an overflow spillway at the center of their center. The upper reservoir's dam will be tall and long while the lower reservoir dam will be high and in length. The lower reservoir dam will trap water from a catchment area to create a lake with a  gross storage capacity of . Of the total capacity, can be used for pumping up to the upper reservoir. The surface area of the lower reservoir will be . The upper reservoir dam will trap water from a much smaller catchment area, , to create its reservoir with a gross storage capacity of and surface area of . Of that capacity, is active (or usable) storage for power generation. The power plant will be located underground near the lower reservoir. Connecting the upper reservoir and the power plant will first be two headrace tunnels, one long and the other in length. Surge tanks on  each headrace tunnel help prevent water hammer. Each headrace tunnel connects to a steel-lined penstock, each of which later bifurcates into two penstocks. Each of these four penstocks will supply water to the turbines during power generation. After power generation the water will be discharged into the lower reservoir via four tailrace tunnels. When pumping water moves through the same conduits back to the upper reservoir. The power plant will contain four Francis pump-turbines which are rated at 260 MW each for power generation and 275 MW for pumping. The upper reservoir will lie at maximum elevation of  and the lower at . This difference in elevation will afford the power plant a rated hydraulic head of .