Comic Sans
Comic Sans MS is a sans-serif casual script typeface designed by Vincent Connare and released in 1994 by Microsoft Corporation. It is a non-connecting script inspired by comic book lettering, intended for use in informal documents, and children's materials. The typeface has been supplied with Microsoft Windows since the introduction of Windows 95, initially as a supplemental font in the Microsoft Plus! Pack and later in Microsoft Comic Chat. Describing it, Microsoft has explained that "this casual but legible face has proved very popular with a wide variety of people." The typeface's widespread use , often in situations for which it was not intended, has been the subject of criticism and mockery. History. Microsoft designer Vincent Connare began working on Comic Sans in October 1994 after having already created child-oriented fonts for various applications. When he saw a beta version of Microsoft Bob that used Times New Roman in the word balloons of cartoon characters, he felt that the font gave the software an overly formal look inappropriate for a program intended to introduce younger users to computers. In order to make Microsoft Bob more accessible for its intended audience, he decided to create  a new face based on the lettering style of comic books he had in his office, specifically "The Dark Knight Returns" (lettered by John Costanza) and "Watchmen" (lettered by Dave Gibbons). He completed the face too late for inclusion in Microsoft Bob, but the programmers of Microsoft 3D Movie Maker, which also used cartoon guides and speech bubbles adopted it. The speech bubbles eventually were phased out and replaced by actual sound, but Comic Sans stayed for the program’s pop-up windows and help sections. The typeface later shipped with the Windows 95 Plus! Pack. It was later included  as a system font for the OEM versions of Windows 95. Finally, the font became one of the default fonts for Microsoft Publisher and Microsoft Internet Explorer. The font is also used in Microsoft Comic Chat, which was released in 1996 with Internet Explorer 3.0. Microsoft has reportedly claimed to retain in its collection the original Mac computer on which Comic Sans was created, but Connare has said that this is not correct as the computer in Microsoft's collection was his older personal computer. Comic Sans is pre-installed in macOS and Windows Phone but not Android, iOS or  Linux. Comic Sans Pro (2011). Comic Sans Pro is an improved and expanded version created by Terrance Weinzierl from Monotype Imaging. While retaining the original classic design of the core characters, it adds new italic variants of the original fonts, swashes, small capitals, extra ornaments and symbols including speech bubbles, onomatopoeia and dingbats, as well as text figures and other stylistic alternates. Originally appearing as part of Ascender 2010 Font Pack as Comic Sans 2010, it was first released on April Fools' Day, causing some to initially assume it was a joke. The italic fonts later appeared in Windows 8 . Reception and use in popular culture. Installed on the majority of computers worldwide, Comic Sans saw widespread use. Within four years of its release on Windows, designers began arguing that it became overused, often through use in serious and formal documents in which it could appear too informal or even inappropriate and disrespectful. In 2017, it was reported that the designer of Comic Sans had only used his typeface once. Use in schools. According to a Twitter poll held by TES with 7,234 participants, approximately 44% of teachers use Comic Sans in teaching resources. Comic Sans is widely used in  schools due to its high legibility. Other reasons include: However, there is some research evidence to suggest that Comic Sans is more legible than other widely used fonts because of the wider spacing between its letters, not because of the shapes of the letters themselves. Opposition. The "Boston Phoenix" reported on disgruntlement over the widespread use of the font, especially its incongruous use for writing on serious subjects, with the complaints urged on by a campaign started by two Indianapolis graphic designers, Dave and Holly Combs, via their website "Ban Comic Sans". The movement was conceived in 1999 by the  two designers after an employer insisted that one of them use Comic Sans in a children's museum exhibit, and in early 2009, the movement was "stronger now than ever". The website's main argument is that a typeface should match the tone of its text and that the irreverence of Comic Sans is often at odds with a serious message, such as a "do not enter" sign. In the 2005 session of the youth model parliament in Ontario, Canada, the New Democratic Party included the clause, "Ban the font known as Comic Sans" in an omnibus ban bill. Comic  book artist Dave Gibbons, whose work was one of the inspirations for the font, said that it was "a shame they couldn't have used just the original font, because [Comic Sans] is a real mess. I think it's a particularly ugly letter form." Film producer and "The New York Times" essayist Errol Morris wrote in an August 2012 posting, "The conscious awareness of Comic Sans promotes—at least among some people—contempt and summary dismissal." With the help of a professor, he conducted an online experiment and found that Comic Sans, in comparison with five other fonts (Baskerville , Helvetica, Georgia, Trebuchet MS, and Computer Modern), makes readers slightly less likely to believe that a statement they are reading is true. Defense. Commenting on its critics and fans alike, Comic Sans designer Vincent Connare said, "If you love it, you don't know much about typography, [but] if you hate it, you really don't know much about typography either, and you should get another hobby." In the Netherlands, radio DJs Coen Swijnenberg and Sander Lantinga decided to celebrate the font by having a Comic Sans day on the first Friday of July. Comic Sans Day has been held  since 2009. Some Dutch companies have their website in Comic Sans on this day. A 2010 "Cognition" research article showed disfluency could lead to improved retention and classroom performance. The article stated that disfluency can be produced merely by adopting fonts that are slightly more difficult to read. In the case studies cited in the article, Comic Sans was used to introduce disfluency. Comic Sans is amongst fonts recommended for dyslexics, as it has fewer rotated and mirror-image glyphs ("b" vs. "d" vs. "p" vs. "q") and is sans serif. Lauren Hudgins of "The Establishment" argued that people who  use Comic Sans should be treated with respect, not mockery, because "People without dyslexia need empathy for those who need concessions to manage the disability." Uses. The video game "Space Station Silicon Valley" uses the font in its user interface. The 2000 video game "The Sims" uses the font in its user interface. It was used in "Barney & Friends" (in title cards from season 7 to 8, and in the end credits from seasons 7 to 9). A 2010 Princeton University study involving presenting students with text in a font slightly more difficult to read found that they consistently retained  more information from material displayed in so-called disfluent or ugly fonts (Monotype Corsiva, Haettenschweiler, Comic Sans Italicized were used) than in a simple, more readable font such as Helvetica. During the summer of 2010, NBA superstar LeBron James left the Cleveland Cavaliers in free agency, in a highly publicized media affair that culminated in a TV special called "The Decision". The majority owner of the team (at the time), Dan Gilbert, reacted by posting a letter to Cavalier fans. One of the ways the letter was heavily derided was for its use of Comic Sans. In July 2012, when  the discovery of the Higgs boson was announced at CERN, Fabiola Gianotti, the spokesperson of the ATLAS experiment, attracted comment by using the font in her presentation of the results. As a 2014 April Fools' Day joke, CERN claimed that it would be switching all its publications to Comic Sans. In October 2012, a Dutch World War II memorial called "Verzoening" ("Reconciliation") was revealed on which the names of Jewish, Allied and German military deaths alike were written alongside each other in Comic Sans. The names were eventually scraped off after complaints from Jewish organizations, but the rewritten message was  once again in Comic Sans. According to the city government, this was done because the letters fit the shape of the stone and were easily visible from a distance. It was, however, criticized for making the memorial look "ugly" and "cheap". The Internet meme Doge, which became popular in late 2013, consists of different colored sets of words in broken English written in Comic Sans around the head of a Shiba Inu dog. On 3 September 2014, the normally staid Australian national newspaper "The Sydney Morning Herald" printed a front page with Comic Sans, causing an uproar, despite its use  being within speech bubbles in keeping with the origin of the font. In April 2014, OpenBSD announced the LibreSSL project, claiming to have been the first to "weaponize" Comic Sans as a means for soliciting donations. In 2015, graphic designer Ben Harman created the font Comic Papyrus (later renamed "Comic Parchment" for legal reasons), which combines the features of Comic Sans with the similarly reviled font Papyrus. On 21 August 2015, a number of Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras's Syriza party members split and formed a new party, headed by Member of the Hellenic Parliament Panagiotis Lafazanis. The official  document of resignation was allegedly written in Comic Sans. In the 2015 video game "Undertale", the character Sans is a comic (i.e. comedian) named after the font. His dialogue is notably displayed in lowercase Comic Sans. He is paired with his brother named Papyrus, in reference to the font of the same name. In July 2018, a statue of former Chilean President Pedro Aguirre Cerda was inaugurated in Santiago. The plaques on the monument were written in Comic Sans, drawing criticism and derision on social media. In October 2019, when the House Intelligence Committee requested that two of Rudy Giuliani 's associates, Lev Parnas and Igor Fruma, present documentation regarding their involvement in the Ukraine scandal, former Trump attorney John Dowd penned a letter of explanation written in Comic Sans. In October 2019, as part of the United Kingdom's nation Brexit debate, the Conservative Party tweeted an image stating "MPs must come together and get Brexit done" using Comic Sans. The tweet was widely mocked, yet some commentators saw a deliberate attempt to use the font's notoriety to bring their message to a wider audience.