Ans Westra
Anna Jacoba Westra (born 28 April 1936), generally known as Ans Westra, is a self-taught New Zealand photographer, with an interest in Māori. Her prominence as an artist and author was most amplified by her 1964 piece "Washday at the Pa". Early life. She was born Anna Jacoba Westra in 1936 in Leiden, Netherlands, the only child of Pieter Hein Westra and Hendrika Christina van Doorn. In 1953, Westra moved to Rotterdam and studied at the Industrieschool voor Meisjes, graduating in 1957 with a Diploma in Arts and Craft teaching, specialising in artistic needlework. The same year , she left the Netherlands for New Zealand, and she became a naturalised New Zealand citizen in 1963. Career. Initial interest in photography. Westra was exposed to photography as a teenager by her stepfather. A visit in 1956 to the international exhibition "The Family of Man" in Amsterdam, together with a book by Joan van der Keukens, "Wij Zijn 17 (We Are Seventeen)", inspired Ans' first photographic documentation, which featured her fellow students. Her obsession with capturing the world through a camera was instilled after encountering the famous Family of Man exhibition in Amsterdam. This utopian, quasi-anthropological exhibition, curated by  MoMA’s Edward Steichen, toured the world from 1955 to 1963, and was a major influence on Westra’s work, as was precocious teenager Joan van der Keuken’s 1955 photobook Wij Zijn 17 (We Are 17), which depicts the lives of post-war Dutch youth. In 1957, Westra travelled to New Zealand to visit her father who had earlier immigrated. She stayed in Auckland and worked for eight months at Crown Lynn Potteries. Professional photography. In 1958 she moved to Wellington, where she joined the Wellington Camera Club and worked in various local photographic studios. In 1960, Westra received  international recognition winning a prize from the UK Photography magazine for her work entitled "Assignment No. 2". That same year Westra had her first photograph published in New Zealand on the cover of "Te Ao Hou / The New World", a magazine published by the Department of Maori Affairs. In 1962 she began working as a full-time, freelance documentary photographer. Much of her early work was for the School Publications Branch of the Department of Education and "Te Ao Hou". In 1964 her school bulletin "Washday at the Pa" was published, and distributed to primary school classrooms throughout New Zealand . Soon after its release the journal was withdrawn by order of the Minister of Education at the request of the Maori Women’s Welfare League. Later in 1964 "Washday at the Pa" was privately republished by the Caxton Press. An article written by academics in Auckland in 2016 about this event state: "In a way the book, and the feelings it inspired, appealed strongly to Pākehā ideas of Māori, more so than it reflected some important truth about Māori themselves." In 1967 "Maori" was published with photography by Westra and text by James Ritchie. In 1982 an archive of Westra 's negatives was established at the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington. In the late 1980s and 1990s, Westra undertook several artist-in-residences including at the Dowse Art Museum, Lower Hutt (1988–89), the Tylee Cottage Residency, Wanganui (1993) and in 1996, she was awarded the inaugural Southland Art Foundation Artist in Residence award by Southland Art Foundation, Southern Institute of Technology, Southland Museum and Art Gallery and Creative New Zealand. In 1998 she was artist-in-residence at the Otago School of Fine Arts, Otago Polytechnic. Westra was the subject of the 2006 documentary "Ans Westra: Private Journeys/Public Thoughts" by  Luit Bieringa. Westra's 2009 book and exhibition, "The Crescent Moon: The Asian Face of Islam in New Zealand" features her own photographs, with text by New Zealand writer Adrienne Jansen. The book's interviews and photographs of 37 individuals give insights into the lives of Asian Muslims in New Zealand. "Washday at the Pa" was reissued in 2011 by Suite Publishing to include other photos of the same family taken in 1998. In May 2013, Suite Publishing released Westra's publication: "Our Future: Ngā Tau ki Muri", which includes 137 often damning photographs of the New Zealand landscape, with  text contributions from Hone Tuwhare, Russel Norman, Brian Turner, David Eggleton and David Lange. Between February 2013 and April 2014, Westra undertook her "Full Circle Tour" to revisit centres where she had been particularly active during her career. She visited Ruatoria, Ruatoki, Rotorua, the Whanganui River, Kaitaia, Invercargill and Stewart Island. In 2014, the digitization of Westra's archive of negatives held at the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, came into effect through her representative, Suite Tirohanga. Westra's print "Untitled, from Washday at the Pa, 1963", set a new auction record price at NZ$10,575 at Webb's in Auckland, New  Zealand, on 11 June 2015. Westra Museum. On 20 April 2016 a museum in Wellington was established, dedicated to Westra's work. Honours and awards. Westra received a Certificate of Excellence from the New York World’s Fair photographic exhibition in 1964–1965. Westra was the Pacific regional winner of the Commonwealth Photography Award in 1986, travelling to the Philippines to photograph and then onwards to the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and America. In the 1998 Queen's Birthday Honours, Westra was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to photography, and in 2007 she became  an Arts Foundation of New Zealand Icon artist. In 2015, Westra received an honorary doctorate from Massey University in recognition of her long-standing contribution to New Zealand’s visual culture. Criticism. Westra has faced criticism for her ownership of her images of Māori, that she built her career on images of Māori and that the subjects and their relations are not able to use the photographs without asking Westra for permission. The content being through a Pākehā gaze is also criticised including the controversy of "Washday at the Pa." Personal life. In 1965 Westra returned to the Netherlands to  live until 1969. She has three children.