100,000 Genomes Project
The 100,000 Genomes Project is a now-completed UK Government project managed by Genomics England that is sequencing whole genomes from National Health Service patients. The project is focusing on rare diseases, some common types of cancer, and infectious diseases. Participants give consent for their genome data to be linked to information about their medical condition and health records. The medical and genomic data is shared with researchers to improve knowledge of the causes, treatment and care of diseases. History. The project was first announced by UK Prime Minister David Cameron in December 2012. The Government set  up a new company Genomics England to oversee the project with the plan to focus on rare diseases, cancer and infectious diseases announced by Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt in July 2013. The project was also made possible by the National Institute for Health Research, NHS England, Public Health England and Health Education England. In 2015 Northern Ireland and Scotland also joined the project with plans to start work the following year. In 2016, the Welsh government issued a statement of intent and is considering participating in the 100,000 Genomes Project. The initial participants were recruited from Cambridge University Hospitals, University  College London Partners and Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust. The following medical centres joined the project a short time later: Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust. In September 2015, Genomics England announced it had contracted with interpretation partners Congenica and Omicia. This is in addition to ongoing work with sequencing partner Illumina. As of 1 October 2018, the 100,000 Genomes Project had completed the sequencing of 87,231 whole genomes in England and results are  in the process of being returned to NHS Genomic Medicine Centres and ultimately back to participants; the first diagnoses from the Project were returned to patients in spring 2015 and over 2,000 families' results have been returned to the NHS in the rare disease programme to date (July 2017). In December 2018 the full 100,000 genomes milestone was reached. In July 2019 Genomics England announced Data Release 7, which included the 100,000th whole genome made available to researchers. A 2019 review identified the initiative as an 'exemplar' in involving the public in genomic research. Research. The Genomics England Clinical Interpretation  Partnership (GeCIP) includes 2,500 UK and international clinicians and scientists from approximately 300 institutions in 24 countries. There are plans to increase this number. Researchers are organised in "domains" formed around particular conditions, cancer types and research areas such as Machine Learning and Health Economics. The partnership is integrated with the NHS and the aims include improving the use of genotype and phenotype data in healthcare, and providing a platform for genomic research collaborations to add to the knowledge base for genetic disorders. GenOMICC study on COVID-19. The 100,000 Genomes Project provided a pre-COVID reference set in the GenOMICC  study on COVID-19. Genomics England worked in partnership with the GenOMICC consortium, led by the University of Edinburgh, to analyse the whole genome sequences of approximately 20,000 people who have been severely affected by COVID-19. This data was compared with 15,000 other genomes from people who were only mildly affected. It was combined with data set which now includes more than 120,000 genomes (from the "100,000 Genomes" Project). The 100,000 Genomes Project was referred to as the "incredibly important" pre-COVID reference set. Industrial partnerships. From 2015 to 2017, 13 companies joined to form a pre-competitive industry trial, named  the Genomics Expert Network for Enterprises (GENE) Consortium. This trial aimed to bring industry expertise into the 100,000 Genomes Project to identify potential benefits for patients, as the private sector is involved in developing new medicines and diagnostics for the NHS.