Combretum
Combretum, the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae. The genus comprises about 272 species of trees and shrubs, most of which are native to tropical and southern Africa, about 5 to Madagascar, but there are others that are native to tropical Asia, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, Australia, and tropical America. Though somewhat reminiscent of willows ("Salix") in their habitus, they are not particularly close relatives of these. Ecology. Bushwillow trees often are important plants in their habitat. Savannahs in Africa, in particular those growing on granitic soils, are often dominated by  Combretum and its close relative "Terminalia". For example, "C. apiculatum" is a notable tree in the Angolan mopane woodlands ecoregion in the Kunene River basin in southern Africa. Other species of this genus are a major component of Southwestern Amazonian moist forests. This genus contains several species that are pollinated by mammals other than bats, which is quite rare indeed. But most species are more conventionally pollinated by insects or birds. "Typhlodromus combretum", a mite of the family Phytoseiidae, was discovered on a bushwillow plant and is named after this genus. Other herbivores that eat "Combretum" foliage include the caterpillars  of the Brown Awl ("Badamia exclamationis") which is found on "C. albidum, C. latifolium" and "C. ovalifolium"; those of the Orange-tailed Awl ("Bibasis sena") are recorded from "C. extensum" and "C. latifolium". Use by humans. Several species are used in African or Indian herbal medicine. The class of chemical compounds known as combretastatins were first isolated from South African Bushwillow ("Combretum caffrum"), from which they get their name. One synthetic derivative, fosbretabulin disodium (combretastatin A4 phosphate), underwent preliminary study for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer, but it was not effective enough to progress to more advanced trials. "C.  molle" is also recorded to contain antioxidants such as punicalagin, which is also found in pomegranates ("Punica granatum"), a somewhat related plant. The botanist George Don studied this genus extensively. The Luvuvhu River in southern Africa was named after the river's bushwillows ("C. erythrophyllum"), locally known as "muvuvhu". Species. As of April 2021, there are 272 accepted species of "Combretum":