Fortieth Army (Japan)
The was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the final stages of World War II. History. The Japanese 40th Army was formed on January 8, 1945 in Chiayi, Taiwan, and subordinated to the Japanese 10 Area Army 16 January 1945. As part of the last desperate defense effort by the Empire of Japan to deter possible landings of Allied forces in southern Kyūshū during Operation Downfall, the "40th Army" headquarters were transferred to Kagoshima 14 May 1945. The thus reformed "40th Army" consisted mostly of poorly trained and poorly armed reservists, conscripted students and home  guard militia. In addition, the Japanese had organized the Patriotic Citizens Fighting Corps — which included all healthy men aged 15–60 and women 17–40 — to perform combat support, and ultimately combat jobs. Weapons, training, and uniforms were generally lacking: some men were armed with nothing better than muzzle-loading muskets, longbows, or bamboo spears; nevertheless, they were expected to make do with what they had. It was demobilized at the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945 without having seen combat.