Rubus macraei
Rubus macraei, commonly known as Ākalakala, is a species of "Rubus" that is endemic to Hawaii. Although superficially similar to the other Hawaiian species, "Rubus hawaiensis", sequence differences of the chloroplast gene "ndhF" indicate that they are derived from separate colonization events of Hawaii. These data indicate that "R. macraei" is more distantly related to both Asian and North American species of subgenus "Idaeobatus" than "R. hawaiensis". "R. macraei" usually has a creeping rather than erect or sprawling habit. It inhabits wet forests, bogs, and subalpine shrublands at elevations of on the Big Island and East Maui. Rubus