Operation Herbstreise
During World War II, Operation Herbstreise ("Autumn Journey" in German) was a planned series of deception operations to support the German invasion of the United Kingdom (Operation Seelöwe). It would have involved an empty convoy of large transports threatening the east coast of England while the actual invasion force in small barges hit the southern coast. Two days prior to the actual landings, the light cruisers "Emden" (Kapitän zur See Hans Mirow), "Nürnberg" (Kapitän zur See Leo Kreisch with Vizeadmiral Hubert Schmundt, the Commander of Cruisers, aboard) and "Köln" (Kapitän zur See Ernst Kratzenberg), the gunnery training ship  Bremse and other light naval forces would escort the liners "Europa", "Bremen", "Gneisenau" and "Potsdam", with 11 transport steamers, on Operation "Herbstreise" (Autumn Journey), a feint simulating a landing against the British east coast between Aberdeen and Newcastle. After turning about, the force would attempt the diversion again on the next day if necessary. (Most of the troops allocated to the diversion would actually board the ships, but disembark before the naval force sortied.) Shortly before the commencement of "Sea Lion", the heavy cruiser "Admiral Hipper" (Kapitän zur See Wilhelm Meisel), on standby at Kiel from 13 September 1940, would  carry out a diversionary sortie in the vicinity of Iceland and the Faroes. The heavy cruiser "Admiral Scheer" (Kapitän zur See Theodor Krancke) would carry out another diversionary mission by raiding merchant shipping in the Atlantic. (It is doubtful this ship would have been available in time for the operation as she was undergoing extensive trials and crew training in the Baltic Sea following a major shipyard refit.)