Inferior alveolar artery
The inferior alveolar artery (inferior dental artery) is an artery of the face. It is a branch of the first portion of the maxillary artery. Structure. It descends with the inferior alveolar nerve to the mandibular foramen on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible. It runs along the mandibular canal in the substance of the bone, accompanied by the nerve, and opposite the first premolar tooth divides into two branches, incisor and mental. Incisor branch. The "incisor branch" is continued forward beneath the incisor teeth as far as the middle line, where it anastomoses  with the artery of the opposite side The inferior alveolar artery and its incisor branch during their course through the substance of the bone give off a few twigs which are lost in the cancellous tissue, and a series of branches which correspond in number to the roots of the teeth: these enter the minute apertures at the extremities of the roots, and supply the pulp of the teeth. Mental branch. The "mental branch" escapes with the nerve at the mental foramen, supplies the chin, and anastomoses with the submental and inferior labial arteries. Mylohyoid branch. As the inferior alveolar  artery enters the foramen, it gives off a "mylohyoid branch" which runs in the mylohyoid groove, and supplies the mylohyoid muscle.