Nevada corporation. He went as far as declaring, before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission his renewed belief in democracy, his call for remaining subversives to lay down arms, his expectation for new civilian trials and his condolences for the victims of the conflict. Caretas has also published extracts from his conversations with the former head of the Peruvian National Intelligence Service, Vladimiro Montesinos in which family links with the terrorist emerged, both being cousins. In March 2013, he testified in the trial of the recently imprisoned leader, Comrade Artemio. During the audience, he apologized to the country for the crimes committed by 	Óscar Ramírez (terrorist)
16208706	Shining Path. Óscar Ramírez (terrorist) Óscar Ramírez Durán (born 16 March 1953), commonly known as Comrade Feliciano, is a Peruvian convicted terrorist and former political leader who led the Shining Path, a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist terrorist group in Peru, in the 1990s. Biography. Ramírez is the son of a retired Peruvian general and the second of seven brothers. Being studious from a young age and enjoying mental challenges such as chess, Ramírez was awarded the medal of academic excellence from the College of Saint Francis of Assisi in Arequipa, Peru. Capture and imprisonment. Ramírez assumed control of the Shining Path 	Óscar Ramírez (terrorist)
16208707	Nevada corporation Nevada corporation A Nevada corporation is a corporation incorporated under Chapter 78 of the Nevada Revised Statutes" of the U.S. state of Nevada. It is significant in United States corporate law. Nevada, like Delaware (see Delaware General Corporation Law), is well known as a state that offers a corporate haven. Many major corporations are incorporated in Nevada, particularly corporations whose headquarters are located in California and other Western states. Piercing the veil. Nevada law provides extremely strong protection against piercing the corporate veil, where a corporation's owners can be held responsible for the actions of a corporation. For instance , from 1987 to 2007, there was only one case that successfully pierced the corporate veil of a Nevada corporation, and in this case the veil was pierced due to fraud on the part of the corporation's owners. Because the provisions on "piercing the corporate veil" are corporate governance matters, if a corporation chartered in California, for example, (which has much more creditor friendly provisions permitting this) is sued anywhere, California law applies, but if a corporation chartered in Nevada, which operates only in California, is sued in a California court, the California court would use Nevada law in determining  what are the requirements permitting this. (Note that foreign corporations, including those, for example, incorporated in Nevada, may be subject to California Corporation Code 2115.) On the issue of "piercing the corporate veil," Nevada law applies (which is much more supportive of the corporation's interest), even if the corporation only operates in California and has never had any other contact with Nevada and is simply chartered there as a "flag of convenience." Director primacy. Nevada's laws offer flexibility to a board of directors in managing the affairs of a corporation, and permit management to put in place strong  protection from hostile takeovers. Nevada (unlike other states) permits the corporation's articles of incorporation to vest authority to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws exclusively in the directors, so that shareholders would not be able to change the corporation's bylaws. Tax benefits. Nevada's tax structure is also a large benefit to incorporation in Nevada. Nevada has no franchise tax. It also has no corporate income tax or personal income tax. While Nevada likes to promote that there are "no corporation taxes" in the state, there is an annual $200 "Business License Fee" which is paid to the  Secretary of State's Office at the time of formation or renewal of the corporation. Nevada additionally applies a 1.475% tax rate for most General Business employers, as opposed to Financial Institutions, on wages after deduction of health benefits paid by the employer and certain wages paid to qualified veterans—that tax is equivalent to a personal income tax. However, the first $50,000 of gross wages is not taxable as a state tax however federal taxes do apply. Nevada also imposes a "Commerce Tax" on businesses with Nevada gross revenue exceeding $4,000,000 within a taxable year. Nevada and  Texas are the only two states that do not have information sharing agreements with the Internal Revenue Service. In addition there are, Regulatory competition debate. Organizers of a business generally have a choice on where to incorporate the business. In the United States, corporations are generally organized pursuant to state law, rather than federal law. Moreover, a business need not establish or maintain a physical presence in a state in order to incorporate under the state's general corporation law. If the corporation transacts business in a state other than the state of incorporation, it is considered by the other  state to be a foreign corporation. "See" NRS Chapter 80. For example, a business may be headquartered in San Jose, California but incorporated in Nevada. The corporation is a Nevada corporation and the State of California will consider it to be a foreign corporation. "See" California Corporations Code Section 171. In the United States, states generally, but not invariably, follow the internal affairs doctrine. "The internal affairs doctrine is a conflict of laws principle which recognizes that only one State should have the authority to regulate a corporation's internal affairs ... because otherwise a corporation could be faced with conflicting  demands." Under the internal affairs doctrine, courts will generally apply the law of the state of incorporation to the "internal affairs" of the corporation. States can derive revenues through the incorporation of businesses. These revenues include direct payments to the state in the form of filing and other fees. The state can also receive revenues indirectly through businesses (law firms, resident agents, accounts and other service providers) to corporations. The Nevada legislature has tried to make Nevada an attractive alternative to Delaware as a state for incorporation. In many instances, it has tried to "out Delaware" Delaware. Disputes over the  internal affairs of Nevada corporations are usually filed in the Nevada District Courts, from which judgments can be appealed to the Supreme Court of Nevada, the state supreme court. Because of the large number of corporations chartered in Nevada, the courts in that state are more focused on the application of corporate law than the courts of most other states. Nevada's courts are developing a strong body of case law that serves to give corporations and their counsel guidance on matters of corporate governance, although Delaware and some other states have a larger body of such case law. Nevada 's lack of a court dedicated solely to business matters has resulted in calls for the adoption of a chancery court system, which would have exclusive jurisdiction over all business cases and will assist in growing Nevada's body of business case law. Nevada corporation A Nevada corporation is a corporation incorporated under Chapter 78 of the "Nevada Revised Statutes" of the U.S. state of Nevada. It is significant in United States corporate law. Nevada, like Delaware (see Delaware General Corporation Law), is well known as a state that offers a corporate haven. Many major corporations are incorporated in Nevada