Falakata (community development block)
Falakata is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Alipurduar subdivision of the Alipurduar district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Geography. Falakata is located at . The Falakata CD block lies in the south-western part of the district. The Dadua River flows along the western boundary and the Torsha River flows along the eastern boundary of the district. It has hilly terrain which is part of the sub-Himalayan ranges. The Falakata CD block is bounded by the Madarihat-Birpara CD block on the north, Alipurduar I CD  block on the east, Mathabhanga II, Cooch Behar II CD blocks in Cooch Behar district on the south, and Dhupguri CD block in Jalpaiguri district on the west. The Falakata CD block has an area of 353.93 km. It has 1 panchayat samity, 12 gram panchayats, 206 gram sansads (village councils), 63 mouzas, 60 inhabited villages and 4 census towns. Falakata police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD block is at Falakata. Gram panchayats of Falakata block/ panchayat samiti are: Dalgaon, Deogaon, Dhanirampur I, Dhanirampur II,Jateswar I, Jateswar II, Mairadanga, Parangerpar and Salkumar. [Gram panchayat s of  Falakata block Falakata I, Falakata II, Guabarnagar are now part of Falakata Municipality. Demographics. Population. According to the 2011 Census of India, the Falakata CD block had a total population of 290,722, of which 244,161 were rural, and 46,561 were urban. There were 149,626 (51%) males and 141,096 (49%) females. There were 34,843 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 118,281 (40.69%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 46,293 (15.92%). According to the 2001 census, Falakata block had a total population of 254,027, out of which 131,066 were males and 122,961 were females. Falakata  block registered a population growth of 22.22 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Census towns in the Falakata CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Jagijhora Barabak (6,474), Jateswar (8,963), Parangarpar (11,408) and Falakata (19,716). Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Falakata CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Narsinghpur (4,101), Deomali (5,949), Khagenhat (5,185), Dhanirampur (5,380), Pramode Nagar (4,100), Jaychandpur (4,186), Baganbari (4,533), Dalimpur (4,841), Kathalbari (4,107), Hedayet Nagar(6,984), Tasti Tea Garden (5,568), Dalgaon Tea Garden (5,215), Dhulagaon (4,684), Purbba Jhar Beltali (4,144), Nabanagar (4,719), Jogendrapur (4,204), Satpukuria (4,732), Mairadanga (6,167), Talukertari (5,020), Chhota  Salkumar (4,515), Umacharanpur (5,612), Khauchandpara (5,222), Sibnathpur (5,166), Lachmandabri (4,376), Kunjanagar (4,605), Chuakhola (8,149), Raichenga (12,894) and Kalipur (5,165). Other villages in the Falakata CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Guabarnagar (2,981), Uttar Deogaon (3,625), Purba Deogaon (2,071), Dakshin Deogaon (3,242) and Madhya Deogaon (3,156). Literacy. According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in the Falakata CD block was 185,868 (72.74% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 103,815 (78.83% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 82,053 (66.08% of the female population over 6 years). The  gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 12.75%. See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate Language and religion. According to the "District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011 census," as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue 55.8% of the population of Jalpaiguri district, followed by Sadan/ Sadri (14.3%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (6.9%), Hindi (4.6%), Kurukh/ Oraon (2.6%), Santali (1.0%), Bodo/Boro (0.8%), Munda (0.7%), Bhojpuri (0.7%), Rajbanshi (0.5%), Telugu (0.4%), Urdu (0.3%), Rabha (0.3%), Odiya (0.3%), Kharia (0.1%) and other mother-tongues (10.8%). The proportion of the population speaking Bengali increased from 54.5% in  1961 to 68.5% in 1981 and thereafter dropped to 55.8% in 2001. During the same period the proportion of the population speaking Sadan/ Sadri increased from 5.6% in 1961 to 14.3% in 2001. There was also a decline in the proportion of the population speaking such languages as Nepali/ Gorkhali, Hindi, Kurukh/ Oraon, Santali, Munda and Rajbanshi. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to  be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population. The English language will continue to be used for official purposes as it was being used prior to the enactment of these laws. The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole  in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018. However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered. Census 2011 provides language data only at the district and above level. In the 2011 Census of India, Hindus numbered 238,406 and formed 82.00% of the population of Falakata CD block. Muslims numbered 45,894 and formed 15.79% of the population. Christians numbered 5,080 and formed 1.75% of the population. Buddhists numbered  130 and formed 0.04% of the population. Others numbered 6,292 and formed 2.16% of the population. Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria, and other religious communities. Poverty level. Based on a study of the per capita consumption in rural and urban areas, using central sample data of NSS 55th Round 1999-2000, Jalpaiguri district was found to have relatively high rates of poverty of 35.73% in rural areas and 61.53% in the urban areas. It was one of the few districts where urban poverty rate was higher  than the rural poverty rate. According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 26-31% of the population of Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Paschim Medinipur districts were below poverty line, a relatively high level of poverty in West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line. Economy. Livelihood. In the Falakata CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 23,309 and formed 20.68%, agricultural labourers numbered 43,693 and formed 38.77%, household industry workers numbered 1,875 and formed 1.66% and other workers numbered 43,809 and formed 38.88%. Total workers numbered 112,686 and formed  38.76% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 178,036 and formed 61.24% of the population. Infrastructure. There are 60 inhabited villages in the Falakata CD block, as per the "District Census Handbook", Jalpaiguri, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 28 villages (46.67%) have post offices. 57 villages (95.00%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 37 villages (61.67%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 35 villages (58.33%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 10 villages (16.67%) have agricultural credit societies and 5 villages (8.33%) have  banks. Agriculture. The economy of the Jalpaiguri district is mainly dependent on agriculture and plantations, and majority of the people are engaged in agriculture. Jalpaiguri is well-known for tea and timber. Other important crops are paddy, jute, tobacco, mustard seeds, sugarcane and wheat. The annual average rainfall is 3,440 mm, around double of that of Kolkata and the surrounding areas. The area is flood prone and the rivers often change course causing immense damage to crops and cultivated lands. In 2013-14, there were 162 fertiliser depots, 60 seed stores and 48 fair price shops in the Falakata CD  block. In 2013–14, the Falakata CD block produced 3,036 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,908 hectares, 4,622 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 1,581 hectares, 15,024 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 8,598 hectares, 4,456 tonnes of wheat from 1,965 hectares, 2,510 tonnes of maize from 322 hectares, 31,584 tonnes of jute from 2,343 hectares, 215,341 tonnes of potatoes from 8,459 hectares and 921 tonnes of sugarcane from 9 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. In 2013-14, the total area irrigated in the Falakata CD block was 7,396 hectares, out of which  3,216 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 250 hectares by tank water, 1,140 hectares by river lift irrigation, 160 hectares by deep tube wells, 2,360 hectares by shallow tube wells. Dooars-Terai tea gardens. Tea gardens in the Dooars and Terai regions produce 226 million kg or over a quarter of India's total tea crop.. The Dooars-Terai tea is characterized by a bright, smooth and full-bodied liquor that's a wee bit lighter than Assam tea. Cultivation of tea in the Dooars was primarily pioneered and promoted by the British but there was significant contribution of Indian  entrepreneurs. Banking. In 2013-14, Falakata CD block had offices of 9 commercial banks and 4 gramin banks. Backward Regions Grant Fund. The Jalpaiguri district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal. Transport. Falakata CD block has 7 originating/ terminating bus routes. NH 31 passes through the block. Education. In 2013-14, Falakata CD  block had 159 primary schools with 18,755 students, 9 middle schools with 1,921 students, 3 high school with 4,488 students and 18 higher secondary schools with 21,274 students. Falakata CD block had 1 general degree college with 4,488 students, 3 technical/ professional institutions with 556 students, 585 institutions for special and non-formal education with 37,057 students. See also – Education in India According to the 2011 census, in the Falakata CD block, among the 60 inhabited villages, all villages had schools, 54 villages had two or more primary schools, 32 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school  and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. Lilabati Mahavidyalaya was established at Jateswar in 2013. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts. Falakata College was established at Falakata in 1981. Affiliated with the University of North Bengal, it offers courses in arts. Healthcare. In 2014, Falakata CD block had 1 rural hospital and 1 super speciality hospital, 2 primary health centres and 2 NGO/ private nursing home with total 70 beds and 13 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 44 family welfare subcentres. 10,532 patients were treated indoor and 183,424  patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block. Falakata Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at Falakata, is the major government medical facility in the Falakata CD block. There are primary health centres at Chhoto Salkumar (with 4 beds), Jateswar (with 6 beds). Falakata Superspeciality Hospital, with 100 beds, is functional.