Nanshan District, Shenzhen
Nanshan District ( ; Cantonese Jyutping: Naam4 Saan1 Keoi1) is one of the nine districts comprising Shenzhen. It encompasses the southwest area of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, with a population of 1.08 million. In 2013, the district of Nanshan's local GDP output exceeded 320 billion RMB. The region has an established tourism industry and is home to several sightseeing locations. It is known for being the home of Shenzhen High-Tech Industrial Park, which comprises some of China's largest technology companies and the establishments of well-known international companies, as well as being one of the  nation's richest districts. Geography. Nanshan District has a total area of . The area continued to increase due to large scale land reclamation, especially in Qianhai and Houhai. The district is located to the northwest of Deep Bay, east of the Pearl River entrance. Its northern boundary is Yangtaishan, which divides the district with Baoan, while it is bounded south by Inner Lingding Island and Dachan Island, though the Port of Shekou is the southernmost point on the peninsula. Nanshan is situated about a degree south of the Tropic of Cancer and has a humid subtropical climate. It sits directly  north of Yuen Long district of Hong Kong. More than half of the district consist of urban areas. Mountainous areas like Tanglangshan and Yangtaishan to the north and Nanshan Park to the south are largely preserved as forests. At tall, Yangtaishan has the highest elevation in the district, with Tanglangshan being the second at , and Nanshan, third, at . The district has a total coastline of . History. Nanshan was largely a rural area before being rapidly developed since the late 1970s, with the exception of a few towns and villages. Nantou, the seat of Bao'an County for almost 1700 years was  located within the district. In September 1983, Nantou district was established as a county-level district. Less than a year later in August 1984, Shekou, which came to be known as Shekou subdistrict today, split off as a separate district from Nanshan. In September 1990,the two districts combined to form the present Nanshan District. Nanshan experienced large sums of migrants from other parts of the country. Most of the original towns in the district had either been demolished to make way for developments or became what are to be known as urban villages. Demographics. As of the end of 2011 , Nanshan district had a total resident population of 1,087,936 and a census-registered population of 0.5492 million. The vast majority of the population are concentrated in the southern half of the district. Administrative divisions. Nanshan District is organized into the following subdistricts. Transportation. Shenzhen Metro. Nanshan is currently served by six metro lines operated by Shenzhen Metro: Maritime Transport. The Shekou Passenger Terminal offered ferry service to Hong Kong (Hong Kong Island and Hong Kong International Airport), Zhuhai and Macau. Now the Shekou Cruise Center has that role. Cross boundary coaches to and from Hong Kong are also available at  Shenzhen Bay Port. The port it located geographically at Shekou hence all coach will travel along the Hong Kong-Shenzhen Western Corridor to get to Hong Kong. Economy. Coolpad, Tencent, ZTE, and China Resources Beverage (CR Beverage), among others, have their headquarters at Hi-Tech Park (), Nanshan. The South China office of CR Beverage is in on the 10th floor of the Min Tai Building () in the district. China Nepstar has its headquarters in the Xinnengyuan Building (/) on Nanhai Road, Nanshan District. The headquarters of Evergrande Group are in Nanshan. The drink company Hey Tea has its headquarters in the  Aerospace Science And Technology Square (). The department store chain Ren Ren Le has its headquarters in Nanshan District. Free Trade Zones. Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone is a large masterplanned commercial free trade zone comprising of reclaimed land under construction in Qianhai, Nanshan. Upon scheduled completion in 2020, special policies including lower taxation rates would be implemented in the new district. Shekou is another free trade zone, redeveloping from a former industrial zone. Education. Universities. Eight of Shenzhen's eleven full-time universities are located in Nanshan: Primary and secondary schools. Government secondary schools. The Chinese  word Zhongxue 中学, rendered in English as "middle school," may refer to either schools with grade 7-9 lower secondary levels and/or grade 10-12 upper secondary levels. Dr. Elisabeth P. Montgomery, Senior Advisor on Internationalization for the Nanshan District Education Bureau, is the first foreigner to hold such a position in China. She helped design education curricula for Nanshan grades 1-12 and is one of three designers of Shenzhen YuCai High School, International Department. Additionally, she is Foreign Vice Principal at the South China University of Science and Technology (SUSTECH) Education Group, International Advisor in China and Latin  America, and public school Inspector. Some are governed by the Shenzhen municipal government. Those include: Some are governed by the Nanshan District government. Those include: Other: International and private schools. There are four Anglophone international high schools and private high schools in Nanshan. Several of these high schools all offer British, University of Cambridge International A-Level or North American style curricula, with English as the main language of instruction. There are also Japanese and South Korean-style schools. International K-12 schools include: International 1-9 schools include: Supplementary schools. , a Japanese weekend school, has its office on the 8th  floor of the Jinsanjiao Building () in Baishizhou. Previously it was based in the Ming Wah International Convention Center () in Shekou. In addition, the Shenzhen Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry organizes a Korean Saturday school because many Korean students are not studying in Korean-medium schools; the school had about 600 students in 2007. The chamber uses rented space in the OCT Primary School as the Korean weekend school's classroom.