Cladomelea akermani
Cladomelea akermani is a species of spider in the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae, found in South Africa. "Cladomelea" species, including "C. akermani", are "bolas spiders" – adult females capture their prey by using a sticky drop on the end of a single line which they swing, usually catching male moths attracted by the release of an analogue of the attractant sex pheromone produced by the female moth. Juvenile and adult male bolas spiders do not use a bolas, catching prey with their legs alone. Description. A male and female were described by Levi in 2003. The female had  a total length of 15.5 mm, the carapace being 5.4 mm long with a maximum width of 5.2 mm. The carapace was light orange-brown, with three projections with black ends. The sternum was light orange-brown. The abdomen was whitish, with a pair of brown tubercules on the upper surface and a central white rectangle on the lower surface. The first leg was longest, the patella and tibia totalling 10.8 mm. The male was much smaller, with a total body length of 1.6 mm, about a tenth of that of the female. Its carapace and the underside of the  abdomen were dark brown. The carapace was rough but lacked the projections of the female. The upper surface of the abdomen was spotted with black, grey and white, and had three humps and two hardened discs. The male's palpal bulb had a distinct conductor supporting the embolus. Contrary to an earlier statement by Conrad Akerman that "C. akermani" uses its third leg (a statement repeated by others, e.g. Yeargan), the female handles its bolas with the second leg, swinging it in a horizontal plane. Taxonomy. "Cladomelea akermani" was first described by John Hewitt in 1923, from a female collected  by Conrad Akerman in 1915. "C. akermani" is similar to "C. longipes". "Cladomelea" species are bolas spiders, and although the genus was not included in two relevant molecular phylogenetic studies in 2014 and 2020, would be expected to be part of the "mastophorines", placed in the subfamily Cyrtarachninae "s.l." Distribution and habitat. "Cladomelea akermani" is native to South Africa. It has been recorded from grasslands in KwaZulu-Natal, around Pietermaritzburg.