Volume 59, Issue 1, 2014 Historia - Volume 59, Issue 1, May 2014 Navigate this Journal About Current issue Previous issues Submit a paper Contact the Editor OA African Journal Archive Volumes & issues
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Historia 59, pp 1 –17 (2014)
Die koerant De Zuid-Afrikaan, wat in 1830 opgerig is om veral as mondstuk te dien van die Nederlandstalige inwoners van die Kaapkolonie, het hom beywer vir die totstandkoming van &apos;n wetgewende liggaam as deel van &apos;n verteenwoordigende bestuurstelsel vir die kolonie. Die blad het &apos;n opvoedingskwalifikasie bepleit om te bepaal watter inwoners die lede van hierdie parlement moet aanwys. Die vernaamste koloniale amptenare en leiersfigure onder die koloniste was egter ten gunste van &apos;n eiendomskwalifikasie. Onder hulle was daar diegene wat &apos;n hoë eiendomsvereiste wou hê en ander wat ten gunste van &apos;n laer vereiste was. De Zuid-Afrikaan het &apos;n lae eiendomskwalifikasie voorgestaan en het as vernaamste argument daarvoor aangevoer dat bruin mense anders feitlik heeltemal van stemreg uitgesluit sou wees. Toe die Britse regering in 1853 &apos;n Grondwet vir die kolonie goedkeur met insluiting van &apos;n lae eiendomsvereiste vir stemreg, het die blad die Grondwet verwelkom as "liberaal bo verwagting" en die hoop uitgespreek dat in die nuwe parlement oorwegings van klas of kleur geen rol sal speel nie.
J.H. Hofmeyr and the Afrikaner Bond : a challenge to William Milton&apos;s "Englishness" and the advance of the "coloured" cricketer
Historia 59, pp 18 –37 (2014)
The formal education journey of Cassim Dangor, 1963-1985 : reflections on education challenges in apartheid South Africa
Historia 59, pp 38 –58 (2014)
Die formele opvoedings reis van Cassim Dangor, 1963-1985 : refleksies rakende opvoedings uitdagings in apartheid Suid-Afrika
Die meeste studente wat die Universiteits Kollege, Durban, wat in 1961 geskep is, bygewoon het was pioniers op twee belangrike wyses: hulle was die eerstes wat aan &apos;n universiteit wat eksklusief vir Indiërs geskep gestudeer het en hulle was ook die eerste geslag universiteits studente. Beide die scenarios het uitdagings geoffer. Die artikel fokus op die ervaringe van die Transvaals gebore Cassim Dangor wie, as &apos;n Indier, vele beperkende apartheids wetgewings beleef het in sy strewe na tersiêre onderwys. Hoewel apartheid gereeld voorgehou word as &apos;n totaliserênde instelling, en ongeag die feit dat sommige stories esoteries, eensydig en onverteenwoordigend kan wees, laat &apos;n lewensgeskiedenis metodologie &apos;n eksaminering toe van hoe enkelinge apartheid ervaar het, hul daardeur beinvloed is, hoe hulle probeer sin maak het van die stelsel en hoe hulle hul plek daarin gesoek het. Die artikel karteer oof die ontwikkeling van Farmasie as &apos;n vakgebied aan die universiteit.
Historia 59, pp 59 –71 (2014)
&apos;n Sosiale en eknonomiese geskiedenis van die Afrikane van Gcalekaland, 1830-1913
"Tell me where I can find the condom!" Catholic AIDS discourses in South Africa during the 1990s
Stephen Muoki Joshua and
Historia 59, pp 72 –87 (2014)
"They have opened their doors to black children at our expense" : the chronicle of Inanda Seminary during the 1990s
Scott Everett Couper and
Historia 59, pp 88 –117 (2014)
During the 1990s, institutional rot festered because Inanda Seminary failed to adapt to the changing nature of education in the post-apartheid era. The decline&apos;s source can be traced to the negative ramifications of apartheid&apos;s Bantu Education, first implemented during the 1950s. Over the decades, Bantu Education fostered a widening investment disparity between private and state schools designated only for Whites and the Seminary. As the strictures of Bantu Education relaxed during the 1980s, the Seminary&apos;s most academically and financially capable students sought education at the historically advantaged, now multiracial, schools. In the new political environment of the 1990s, the Seminary could not compete with more privileged schools and it therefore lost its market niche of providing quality education for black girls. The disparity caused by apartheid combined with educational "freedom" resulted in a "brain drain" from the Seminary. The school hemorrhaged. As damaging as Bantu Education was, the Seminary and its leadership were its own worst enemies. The school became a nest of conflicting constituencies and a kleptocracy. A frugal church and an uncreative Governing Council were together guilty of culpable inertia. This article chronicles the demise of the Seminary from 1990 to 1996, before its closure in 1997.
"Hulle het hul deure oopgemaak vir swart kinders tot ons nadeel" : die kroniek van die Inanda Seminarie tydens die 1990s
Gedurende die 1990&apos;s, het die sweer van institutionele verotting versprei soos die Seminarie gesukkel het om aan te pas by die veranderende natuur van opvoeding tydens die post-apartheid era. Die oorsprong van die verotting was die toenemende komplikasies van Apartheid se Bantoe-onderwys. Laasgenoemde was gedurende die 1950&apos;s geïmplementeer. Groot gapings is tussen staat asook privaatskole (slegs vir blankes) en die Seminarie oor die dekades geskep en aangemoedig deur Bantoe-onderwys. Soos die strukture van Bantoe-onderwys verslap het gedurende die 1980&apos;s, het die Seminarie meeste van haar finansieël en akademies bekwame student verloor. Hierdie leerders is na voorheen bevoordeelde, huidig multi-kulturele, skole. In die nuwe politieke klimaat van die 1990&apos;s, kon Inanda Seminarie nie meeding met die bevoorregte skole nie en verloor dus haar eksklusiwiteit as voorsiener van kwaliteit opvoeding vir swart meisies. Ongelykheid wat deur Apartheid veroorsaak is, gekombineer met die feit dat leerders self kon kies by watter skool hul onderrig wou word, het veroorsaak dat die Seminarie van al haar top leerlinge gestroop is. Tesame met Bantoeonderwys, was die skool se ondergang deels veroorsaak deur die leierskap van die skool se finansiële wanbestuur. Die beheerliggaam het ontaard in &apos;n nes van konflik en selfverryking. Die spaarsamige kerk en &apos;n beheerliggaam sonder kreatiwiteit was gesamentlik skuldig aan besluitloosheid en passiwiteit. Hierdie artikel vertel die historiese gebeure van die ondergang van Inanda Seminarie gedurende 1990 tot 1996, voordat die skool se hekke gesluit is in 1997.
Historia 59, pp 118 –140 (2014)
Die SAW/UNITA-bondgenootskap in aksie : Operasie Moduler (fases 2, 3 en 4), Oktober tot Desember 1987
Historia 59, pp 141 –162 (2014)
Vroeg in 1987 het die SAW inligting bekom dat FAPLA en die Kubane besig was met intensiewe voorbereidings om UNITA uit Suidoos-Angola te verdryf. Op versoek het die SAW in Junie 1987 formeel besluit om UNITA te ondersteun met die doel om die FAPLA-offensief genaamd Operasie Saludando a Octubre (Salueer Oktobermaand) te stuit. Die Slag van die Lomba-rivier van 3 Oktober 1987 het, vanuit &apos;n SAW/UNITA-oogpunt beskou, die suksesvolle afsluiting van fase 1 van Operasie Moduler verseker: die FAPLA-opmars na Mavinga is effektief gestuit. Die SAW/UNITA-bondgenote was egter deeglik daarvan bewus dat die FAPLA-magte in staat was om binne die afsienbare toekoms die aanslag op Mavinga te hervat. Daarom is beplan om die FAPLA-brigades oos van die Cuitorivier te vernietig. Die primêre oogmerk kon egter nie naastenby verwesentlik word nie, aangesien die SAW/UNITA-bondgenote nie daarin kon slaag om die FAPLA-magte uit hulle stellings te verdryf nie. Die laaste SAW/UNITA-offensiewe van 25 en 26 November 1987, waartydens UNITA-bataljons as die hoofmag aangewend is, was &apos;n klaaglike mislukking. Die gemeganiseerde SAW-veggroepe is futiel in die onherbergsame terrein teen die deeglik verskanste FAPLA-stellings aangewend. Die SAW-elemente kon gevolglik nie die onontbeerlike ondersteuning aan UNITA bied nie. Hierdie artikel fokus op die bydraes van UNITA tot die bondgenootskap. Ondanks kritiek deur die SAW op UNITA as &apos;n bondgenoot is die positiewe aspekte van hulle bydrae tot Operasie Moduler van veel groter omvang as die negatiewe aspekte. &apos;n Wydgeskakeerde terrein, hoofsaaklik in &apos;n ondersteunende rol is gedek, soos die afvuur van lugafweer-Stingermissiele; insameling van inligting; optrede as ligte infanterie, voorhoede of skermmag tydens aanvalle; en misleidings- en steekaanvalle. In die proses het UNITA hewige lewensverliese gely. Sonder hierdie bydraes sou die beperkte SAW-mag van &apos;n skamele sowat 2 500 man &apos;n veel moeiliker taak gehad het.
Soviet "special depository" facilities for South African history : research experiences in the Soviet Union on the preparation of candidates for the submission of academic theses on South Africa : reminiscences
Historia 59, pp 163 –169 (2014)
The Soviet Union has always been one of the easiest places to graduate as an engineer. From the very beginning of its history the aim was to boost economic growth and increase industrial production. There were two ambitious goals: to widen and modernise the state production base; and to create and develop the military-industrial complex. In this regard, higher professional education (university education) in the Soviet Union was aimed mainly at the training of engineers. According to a study conducted in 1989, at the end of the history of the Soviet Union per se, non-engineering training (for example, human sciences such as history) was concentrated mainly in the pedagogical institutes, of which there were 198 in the Soviet Union. These pedagogical institutes accounted for almost a quarter (22.4%) of the total number of all universities. Therefore, to gain a liberal arts education in the USSR was several times more complex than it was to qualify as a professional engineer. In addition, a small number of classical universities created additional difficulties; these institutions were often used to gain entrance into a pedagogical institute. In one of the foremost of these pedagogical institutes, the university in Yaroslavl, I obtained a degree in History and became an English teacher in 1974.
Swashbuckling with a conscience
Bringers of War: The Portuguese in Africa during the Age of Gunpowder and Sail from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century, John Laband : book review
Historia 59, pp 170 –173 (2014)
The pull of riches, the push of religion: a recipe for centuries of violence and sacrifice in the name of duty, in the hope of glory. Here the story of Portugal in Africa is told as a military history. There are no arguments, no theories. In that sense the book is an easy read, as well as a vivid and richly detailed narrative. A caution, as one absorbs the horrors: it is well to remember that the Portuguese, styled as ":bringers of war", were not alone in that regard. The book&apos;s six chapters pertain to regions. By consolidating accounts of Portuguese exploration and conquest in north, west and east Africa, the author provides chronologies that are readily grasped. The several timelines are drawn together in a master chronology of the near-five century period covered, namely, 1385 1856. Southern Africa hardly figures in this history. The death of Francisco de Almeida at the hands of Khoikhoi in Table Bay merits only a footnote (p 68).
Mission history with an anthropological twist
Mission Station Christianity: Norwegian Missionaries in Colonial Natal and Zululand, Southern Africa, 1850-1890, Ingie Hovland : book review
Historia 59, pp 173 –176 (2014)
Ingie Hovland&apos;s Mission Station Christianity is a consummate and welcome addition to the mission history canon. Histories of Christianity and mission in southern Africa enjoyed a heyday during the 1990s. This was due to growing interest in religious identities among colonised peoples and the complex connections between Christianity and indigenous resistance and assimilation at the time. The works of Jean and John Comaroff and Elizabeth Elbourne were exemplars of this trend. Their path-breaking studies were worthy heirs to the remarkable, earlier contributions by Norman Etherington. After a quiet decade, histories of Christianity and mission are showing signs of resurgence. Richard Elphick&apos;s recent monograph, The Equality of Believers: Protestant Missionaries and the Racial Politics of South Africa (2012), signals renewed momentum in the field. Hot on his heels is Ingie Hovland&apos;s new offering. This thought-provoking text proffers a mission history with an anthropological twist. In doing so, Hovland has taken up a call made by Etherington back in the 1970s for interdisciplinary studies to provide more comprehensive analyses of the study of mission.
The Concentration Camps of the Anglo-Boer War: A Social History, Elizabeth van Heyningen : book review
Historia 59, pp 176 –179 (2014)
Elizabeth van Heyningen&apos;s intelligent and comprehensive social history of the concentration camps of the Anglo-Boer War is sure to become the new standard bearer on the subject. Based on rich government records (especially files of the Superintendent of Refugee Camps in the Free State Archives) along with inmate testimonies, Van Heyningen offers an intimate portrayal of life inside the camps and a clear-sighted vision of the motivations and limitations of those civilian and military officials in charge. Scholars interested in the range of sources Van Heyningen uses can consult: http://www.lib.uct.ac.za/mss/bccd/index.php.
Haunting images, diverse "voices"
The War at Home: Women and Families in the Anglo-Boer War, Bill Nasson and Albert Grundlingh (Eds.) : book review
Historia 59, pp 179 –181 (2014)
This beautifully illustrated book will appeal to a wider audience with a general interest in the Anglo-Boer War, though the volume concentrates on the experiences of women, children and families during the conflict. The haunting images tell a story about the trials and tribulations both Afrikaans and black South Africans faced in the concentration camps throughout the country and make a contribution to the history of the period in their own right. The chapters have been organised in such a way that various thematic aspects surrounding the Anglo-Boer War are systematically addressed.
Small book, big history
Plague, Pox and Pandemics: A Jacana Pocket History of Epidemics in South Africa, Howard Phillips : book review
Historia 59, pp 181 –184 (2014)
This review begins with two confessions: firstly, asking me to review Plague, Pox and Pandemics was something of an easy pick since, having taught a module "Epidemics and Social Change in Historical Perspective" for over a decade, I have long been a convert to the premise of and arguments put forward in this book. Secondly, reading it several times has not assuaged the chronic case of professional jealousy which it has induced in me, for Phillips has given us a powerful, punchy and poignant text that exposes some of the key forces shaping our region&apos;s history over the last several centuries. Indeed, taking a "holistic, social history of disease perspective ... this book ... places epidemics firmly within the country&apos;s past and treats them as something not extraneous to the mainstream of its history" (pp 9 10). It is therefore not only a history of epidemics in South Africa; it is a history of South Africa in the modern world.
Making the world their own again in a new era?
A World of their Own: A History of South African Women&apos;s Education, Meghan Healy-Clancy : book review
Historia 59, pp 184 –187 (2014)
There must be a reason that there are so many powerful women in politics in South Africa, although recently with the notable exception of the Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela some of them have made a negative impression on the media and the public. Even then their prominence and a confidence that sometimes seems out of proportion to their real achievements are in need of an explanation, especially in a country where women&apos;s rights have not advanced much beyond rhetoric.
A challenging text inviting further inquiry
South Africa&apos;s Struggle for Human Rights, Saul Dubow : book review
Historia 59, pp 187 –189 (2014)
In contemporary discourse the term "human rights" is very common. It is sometimes assumed that its meaning is self-evident, and that there has always been a struggle to achieve such rights. In his Introduction to this short, clearly-written and often stimulating book, Saul Dubow points out that the term, which has come to acquire a much more expanded meaning in recent times, is "not conducive to rigorous definition" (p 12). Does it include collective as well as individual rights? What are those rights? Sensibly avoiding a narrow definition, Dubow is interested in exploring struggles for human rights over time.