Abraham B Korol
Abraham Bentsionovich Korol (born October 18, 1946) is a professor in the Institute of Evolution at the University of Haifa.<ref name="Institute of Evolution - korol-laboratory/104-korol-laboratory"></ref> He is a prominent Israeli geneticist and evolutionary biologist known for his work on the evolution of sex and recombination, genome mapping and the genetics of complex traits. Korol was born in Bendery city, Moldavia (now Moldova), then part of the Soviet Union, and immigrated to Israel in 1991. Before immigrating to Israel, Korol was appointed in 1981 as a senior researcher and was awarded the degree of Doctor  of Science by the Presidium of Academy of Science USSR in 1988, and became a full professor in 1991. After immigrating to Israel in 1991, Korol has established and headed the Laboratory of Population Genetics and Computational Biology in the Institute of Evolution at the University of Haifa.<ref name="www.runyweb.com/articles/life/health/professor-abraham-korol-interview.html"></ref> He became full professor there in 1996 and served as the director of the Institute of Evolution between 2008-2013.<ref name="www.runyweb.com/articles/life/health/professor-abraham-korol-interview.html"></ref> Since 1994, Korol has filled many scholarly positions including member of the steering committee  of Israeli Gene Bank; member of the Human Genome Organization; member of the European Society of Evolutionary Biology; a member of the Coordinating Committee of the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium;<ref name="www.wheatgenome.org/Users/Coordinating-members/Korol-Abraham"></ref> member of the Infrastructure Steering Committee of the Israeli Ministry of Science; representative of Haifa University in the Kamea program steering committee (alef and bet); member of the Advisory Committee of Absorption in Science of the Israeli Ministry of Absorption. Early life and education. Korol was born in Moldova in 1946. Since childhood, Korol was passionate with classical music. His favorite compositor  is Johann Sebastian Bach and violin is his favorite instrument. In 1971 Korol graduated from Leningrad Polytechnic University and received his master in computer science, followed by a doctorate in genetics from the Institute of General Genetics, USSR Academy of Science, Moscow under the supervision of Prof. A.A. Zhuchenko.<ref name="www.runyweb.com/articles/life/health/professor-abraham-korol-interview.html"></ref> Immigration to Israel (Aliyah). Immigration to Israel was always an aspiration in Korol's family, leading his uncle to immigrate to Palestine in the 1930s. Nevertheless, immigration restrictions in the USSR prevented Korol from immigrating until the 1990s with the collapse of  the Soviet Union. Korol was eager to continue his research and has contacted different institutes in Israel. He eventually accepted the invitation from the head of the Institute of Evolution at the University of Haifa, Prof. Eviatar Nevo, and established his new lab in 1991<ref name="www.runyweb.com/articles/life/health/professor-abraham-korol-interview.html"></ref> Research. Korol's research is focused on evolutionary genetics and genomics in several target species using both theoretical and experimental approaches with emphasis on the mathematical aspect. Evolution of sex and recombination. Korol's work on the evolution of sex and recombination includes developing  theoretical models to explain the factors responsible for sex and recombination maintenance, their role in adaptation and genome evolution. In addition, Korol's group has generated and tested empirical evidences based on assessment of DNA sequence variation in natural populations aiming at the ecological-genetic regulation of recombination and mutation. Molecular-genetic basis of adaptation to stress. Korol's study of incipient sympatric differentiation caused by microsite ecological contrasts is focused on ecological selection and premating isolation in "Drosophila melanogaster", and testing candidate genes for association with adaptive outcome (physiological and behavioral) based on sequence organization in coding and non -coding genome regions. Genome structure, sequence comparisons on the above-gene level. Along his career, Korol has developed in collaboration with colleagues novel approaches for sequence comparisons on the whole genome level (compositional spectra based on fuzzy linguistics). He has coined a new concept of “genome dialect” to demonstrate the above-gene sequence organization and its relationship with the evolution of recombination-repair enzymes. A major scope of this field is to explore genome heterogeneity in main groups of organisms where total genome sequence is available (mammals and vertebrates in general, insects, fungi, plants). Another aspect of this field is  to reveal genomic peculiarities associated with evolution at contrasting and extreme environments (e.g. extremophiles vs. mesophiles). Genome mapping (genetic and physical). Much of Korol's work is devoted to understanding peculiarities of recombination and organization of eukaryotic chromosomes and development of multilocus genomic maps allowing reliable ordering of thousands of markers per chromosome, complemented by computing-intensive map verification. As part of these efforts, new heuristics for Evolution Strategy algorithms were developed in Korol's lab to efficiently tackle this subsequent discrete optimization problem (with complexity ~n! where n~10-10). Another complementary problem to reconstructing genetic maps is ensemble a  consensus map from data produced by different labs, mapping populations or genotyping technologies. Currently Korol's group is responsible for developing new methodology for physical genome mapping in complex cereal genomes in the framework of FP7 consortium<ref name="ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/index_en.cfm"></ref> (contig assembly algorithms for BAC libraries based on fingerprinting or DNA-DNA hybridization data, and integration of genetic and physical maps). Genetic architecture of complex (quantitative) traits. Along his career, Korol has developed methods and tools for genetic mapping of quantitative traits including joint analysis of multiple trait complexes across the genome using data scored in  different developmental and ecological conditions. Among the themes Korol's group has addressed are mapping domestication-evolution traits; genetic dissection of agriculturally important stress-tolerance traits in cereals, cattle, poultry, fishes, and medically important traits of rat and mouse. In addition, Korol has contributed to multiple-trait QTL analysis for revealing genomic determinants of microarray expression (eQTL mapping).