Ambergau
The Ambergau is a historic landscape and natural region unit in the Innerste Uplands in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a basin, about 10 x 10 kilometres across, with 18 settlements (there were 31 in the Middle Ages), the centre and capital of which since the 13th century is the town of Bockenem. The basin, with its fertile agricultural fields, is surrounded by the wooded ridges of Heber, the Harplage, the Weinberg and the Hainberg. The "Gau" is a cultural landscape that was formed as early as the 8th century. Name. The name Ambergau is a combination of  the German words "Amber" and "Gau". "Amber" has its origin in the Proto-Indo-European language and has the word stem "mb(h)", was means something like dampness. That is probably related to the wet areas that existed at that time, like those of the River Nette. Gau is a word for the enclosed settlement area of Germanic peoples. The term "Ambergo" was also used. Location and land use. The Ambergau lies between the northwestern edge of the Harz Mountains and the Hildesheim Börde. The hill ridges surrounding it are predominantly covered by beech woods. The basin-shaped valley is today  a largely treeless arable farming region that has probably always been used by man for that purpose. Agriculture was the dominant industry until the 20th century. A moderate degree of industrialization began in 1727 in Bornum with a blast furnace firm. Duke Augustus William of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel had iron produced in the Wilhelmshütte smeltery. The Ambergau is bisected from south to north by the River Nette. The bigger lines of communication also run in a north–south direction through the region. These are the goods line from Derneburg to Bornum, the B 243 federal highway and the A 7 motorway . Settlement. Today. The 18 present-day settlements in the Ambergau, all within the borough of Bockenem, are: Middle Ages. In addition, during the Middle Ages, there were 13 other settlements in the Ambergau, that were given up during the periods of abandonment ("Wüstungsperiode") in the 14th and 15th centuries. These were: