Ouvrage Anzeling
Ouvrage Anzeling is a "gros ouvrage" of the Maginot Line, part of the Fortified Sector of Boulay. It is located between "petit ouvrage" Bousse and "petit ouvrage" Berenbach, facing Germany just to the east of Bockange. With one of the longest main galleries of any Maginot position, it consists of two entrance blocks, three infantry blocks and four artillery blocks. A second phase of construction was planned to add nine more combat blocks and an anti-tank ditch, but was never executed. Anzeling saw limited action in World War II, and was rehabilitated for use during the cold  war. It was de-activated in the 1970s and sold for private use. Design and construction. The site was surveyed by CORF ("Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées"), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency; Anzeling was approved for construction in May 1931. It was completed at a cost of 122 million francs by the contractor La Parisienne d'Enterprises. The "gros ouvrage" is of the typical "fort palmé" ("palm-shaped") form for a large position. The "fort palmé" is a distributed fortification, with its entrances and underground support areas more than a kilometer to the rear, connected to the combat  blocks by a long underground gallery. The "palm" is composed of the grouped combat blocks, linked by galleries to the main trunk. Description. Anzeling comprises two entrance blocks, three infantry blocks, and four artillery blocks. The combat blocks are connected to the entries and support areas by a gallery system extending about from end to end, one of the longest in the Line. The munitions and personnel entries are located far to the rear of the compactly arranged combat blocks. An "M1" ammunition magazine is located just inside the ammunition entry, while the underground barracks are located at the junction  of the two entry galleries. From there a long gallery runs at an average depth of to the combat blocks. Anzeling was served by a 60 cm-gauge narrow-gauge railway, which enters at the munitions entrance and runs all the way out through the galleries to the combat blocks. On the surface, the railway connects to supply points to the rear and to other "ouvrages". Block 5 is unusual, as it mounts a 135mm howitzer in a façade embrasure, as well as the more usual twin mount in a turret. Anzeling also features a mixed-arms turret in  Block 9, equipped with a machine gun and a 50mm grenade launcher that could fire when retracted. Anzeling also features a unique chimney or ventilator for its generating plant. Called the "fosse aux ours", or "bear pit", the ventilation block was large enough to merit its own mixed-arms turret. Manning. The 1939 manning of the "ouvrage" under the command of Commandant Guillebot comprised 609 men and 23 officers of the 162nd Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 152nd Position Artillery Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2. The nearby Casernement de Bockange  provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Anzeling and other positions in the area. History. 1940. No attempt was made in June 1940 by the Germans to directly attack this central portion of the Maginot Line, the Germans preferring to go around the west end of the Line and take the Line from the rear. On 15 June the German 1st Army broke through the Line at the Saar and pushed west and east along the Line, enveloping the French armies. From the night of 15 June there was heavy German patrol activity in the area. Positions in  the Boulay sector received notice that they may be required to evacuate their positions, and began to sabotage equipment. The following day remained quiet, while the evacuation notice was reversed. German patrols increased on the 17th. Anzeling fired on German forces on the surface of "ouvrage" Bousse, causing some damage to the installation. During the night of 17–18 June, German troops appear on the surface of Anzeling blocks 1 and 3 and to the rear of the "ouvrage". The next day infiltrators were spotted between Anzeling and Berenbach. On 19–20 June Anzeling came under 105 mm and 155 mm artillery  fire. Anzeling provided covering fire to Denting and Bovenberg. On the 22nd a German party came to the entry for a parley, asking for the surrender of the "ouvrage", which was refused. Anzeling provided covering fire for Mont des Welches. Intermittent firing continued on the 23rd from both sides. The 24th was quiet, with supporting fire for Mont des Welches. As a result of the armistice of 25 June 1940, a cease-fire went into effect of 25 June. During the following days the minefields surrounding the "ouvrage" were removed and the commandant negotiated terms for a surrender. On 3  July Anzeling surrendered to German forces. In the following years under German occupation, Anzeling was used as a bombproof factory. Cold War. Following World War II, interest revived in the use of the Maginot Line to defend against a possible Soviet advance through southern Germany. Funds were allocated for restoration of the "gros ouvrages", with most of the position's equipment and armament restored. Funding was not forthcoming for upgrades to heavier arms, and work was limited to restoration of systems and improvements to existing armament. The renovations did not include the command post or the barracks. By 1956, Anzeling  had been designated part of the "Mòle de Boulay", a strongpoint in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack. By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after France developed a nuclear deterrent. The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Anzeling was maintained for use by the Army until 1972, and finally abandoned in the 1970s. In the 1980s Anzeling was used for the cultivation of mushrooms. Some of its equipment has been removed for display in other Maginot "ouvrages" that are open to the public. Current condition. The M1 magazine  is reportedly used as a shooting range by the "gendarmerie" and by local sports clubs.