Mazingarbe
Mazingarbe (; ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. History. The village was known as Masengarba in 1046, Masengarbe in 1232 and Mazengarbe in 1558. Mazingarbe's first inhabitants, as far as can be ascertained, were Neolithic farmers who grew grain and raised sheep, pigs and oxen. Many flint tools have been found dating from this period. Other archaeological excavations have unearthed pottery, clay tiles, tools, jewelry and bones, evidence of occupation of the site at the beginning of the first millennium of a Gallo-Roman villa at a place  called Le Marais Bray. In 1046 the village was mentioned as the villa Mazengarba confirmed as a possession of the abbey of Marchiennes. The estate and its lands remained the property of the church until the French Revolution. Under the Ancien Régime, the population was predominantly agricultural. Like most towns and villages of the Artois, Mazingarbe had suffered the ravages of invasions, wars and looting, epidemics of plague, fires and harsh winters. In 1790, there were 328 inhabitants. The records of Croÿ, dating from the early 17th century, show Mazingarbe at that time as a modest little village gathered around  a church. Mazingarbe was home to fewer than 800 people before the opening by the Compagnie des mines de Béthune, in 1859, of the first coal mine, No. 2. Pits No. 6 (1876) and No. 7 (1877) followed later. The population grew at the same speed as industry, the city hosting several waves of immigrant workers, first Belgians and Italians and then later mostly Polish. The creation of a treatment plant and coal processing plant in 1896, which later became a large chemical complex, significantly enhanced the town. Mazingarbe suffered heavy damage during the First World War. The battlefront was  only two kilometres away at Vermelles. The Second World War did not spare the town either. An Allied aerial bombardment of the factories and mines, in September 1943, claimed 27 civilian victims. Geography. Mazingarbe is located northwest of Lens, at the junction of the D176 and the D75 roads. The A26 motorway passes through the commune.