White-throated quail-dove
The white-throated quail-dove ("Zentrygon frenata") is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Taxomomy and systematics. The white-throated quail-dove's taxonomic history is complicated. It was originally described in genus "Geotrygon", later erroneously given the binomial "Oreopeleia bourcieri", and still later attained its present binomial. The four subspecies below are currently recognized. "Z. f. boucieri" was at one time treated as separate species by some authors. Additional subspecies have been proposed but are now generally accepted as color morphs or individual  variations of one of the four accepted subspecies. The four subspecies of white-throated quail-dove are the nominate "Z. f. frenata", "Z. f. bourcieri", "Z. f. subgrisea", and "Z. f. margaritae". Description. The white-throated quail-dove is long and weighs about , making it among the largest quail-doves. The adult nominate male's forehead and the lower part of the face are buff and the crown blue-gray. The mantle is deep purple and the rest of the upperparts reddish brown. The throat is white, the breast gray, and the belly and flanks dark buff. Females are browner  rather than gray; juveniles are similar to the female with the addition of dark barring on both the upper and underparts. The other subspecies differ somewhat in the colors of their heads. Distribution and habitat. The subspecies of white-throated quail-dove are found from north to south thus: They inhabit humid evergreen montane forest in the Andes, usually between but sometimes as low as . Behavior. Feeding. The white-throated quail-dove forages on the ground, usually alone but sometimes with one or two other birds. Its diet has not been documented. Breeding. The white-throated quail-dove's breeding  season appears to vary across its range. One documented nest was a flat platform placed above ground in a tangle of vegetation; it contained one egg. Essentially nothing else is known about its breeding phenology. Vocalization. The white-throated quail-dove's song is "a single monotonous low-pitched note "whoOOo", with highest amplitude in the middle." Status. The IUCN has assessed the white-throated quail-dove as being of Least Concern. Its population is suspected to be stable but has not been quantified. Little is known about its biology and ecology and it appears to be patchily distributed. White