Maya death gods
The Maya death gods, (also Ah puch, Ah Cimih, Ah Cizin, Hun Ahau, Kimi, or Yum Kimil) known by a variety of names, are two basic types of death gods who are respectively represented by the 16th-century Yucatec deities Hunhau and Uacmitun Ahau mentioned by Spanish Bishop Landa. Hunhau is the lord of the Underworld. Iconographically, Hunhau and Uacmitun Ahau correspond to the Gods A and A' ("A prime"). In recent narratives, particularly in the oral tradition of the Lacandon people, there is only one death god (called "Kisin" in Lacandon), who acts as the antipode  of the Upper God in the creation of the world and of the human body and soul. This death god inhabits an Underworld that is also the world of the dead. As a ruler over the world of the dead ("Metnal" or "Xibalba"), the principal death god corresponds to the Aztec deity Mictlantecuhtli. The "Popol Vuh" has two leading death gods, but these two are really one: Both are called "Death," but while one is known as "One Death," the other is called "Seven Death." They were vanquished by the Hero Twins. The two principal death gods count among the  many were-animals and spooks ("wayob") inhabiting the Underworld, with the God A "way" in particular manifesting himself as a head hunter and a deer hunter. Ah Puch was banished after he broke his promise with the Maya king and was sent to the storm that would bring him to earth forever. Post-Classic names. "Kisin" is the name of the death god among the Lacandons as well as the early colonial Choles, "kis" being a root with meanings like "flatulence" and "stench." Landa uses another name and calls the lord of the Underworld and "prince of the devils" "Hunhau , a name that, recurring in early Yucatec dictionaries as Humhau" and "Cumhau", is not to be confused with Hun-Ahau; "hau", or "haw", means 'to end' and 'to lay on its back (mouth up)'. Other names include "Yum Kimil", "Lord of Death" in Yucatán and "(Ah) Pukuh" in Chiapas. The name Hun Ahau ("One Lord") appears frequently in the Ritual of the Bacabs, but is never specified as a death god. "Ah Puch", though often mentioned in books about the Mayas, does not appear to be an authentic Maya name for the death god. (An Ah Puch is mentioned in  the opening of the "Book of Chilam Balam" of Chumayel in passing as a ruler of the North, and one of the Xibalba attendants in the "Popol Vuh" is called Ahal Puh.) Mythology. Kʼicheʼ. In the "Popol Vuh", the Hero Twins descend to the "Place of Fright" ("Xibalba"), where a pair of Death Gods, Hun-Came ("One-Death") and Vucub-Came ("Seven-Death"), rule over a series of disease-bringing deities. They defeat the Death Gods and put restrictions on their cult. Yucatec. According to one of the earliest sources on Maya religion (Francisco Hernández 1545), Eopuco (i.e., Ah Pukuh ) mistreated and killed the Bacab, who was resurrected three days later. Lacandon. The skeletal death god Kisin plays a prominent role in Lacandon mythology, chiefly in the following tales: Classic Period: God A. During the Classic period, his abdomen is sometimes replaced with out-pouring swirls of blood or rotting matter. He is usually accompanied by spiders, centipedes, scorpions, a vulture, an owl, and a bat. He is pictured with jewelry usually on his wrists and ankles. On his lower extremity, he has around “molo” sign that putrid smells of death. Over his head is a floating object shaped like  an “S” probably an insect carrying a torch. On his forehead like other deities of the underworld he wears an “aqabal” also known as an emblem of “darkness.” His head in Mayan culture was used to represent the number 10, the lower jawbone meant the numeral ten that was inscribed within all other head variants of the numbers thirteen to nineteen. He was often pictured as dancing and holding a smoking cigarette. On his neck is a death collar which consists of embodied eyes hanging by their nerve cords. The black spots on his body represent the decay of the  flesh. Since he is a rotting corpse in some images he is shown with a bloated stomach. Ritual. Both God A and God A' figure prominently in the New Year rites depicted in the Dresden Codex. God A' probably corresponds to the death god Uacmitun Ahau in Landa's description of the New year rites. He presides over a year of great mortality. To ward off evil during this year, men would walk over a bed of glowing embers that possibly represented the fires of the Underworld. Temple priests would get in costumes of God A' and performed rites of  bloodletting and human sacrifice. Those who impersonated this deity would dance out the steps of ritual sacrifice, putting terror in the soul of ritual participants and the spectators who witnessed these sacred events. Man Hunt and Deer hunt. With varying hieroglyphic names and attributes, God A figures in processions and random arrays of were-animals and spooks (wayob). In connection with these apparitions, he tends to be depicted either as a headhunter or as deer hunter (see figure). On the grandiose Tonina stucco wall, the severed head is that of an enemy king. The death god's deer hunt has  two sides. On the one hand, this deer hunt may metaphorically refer to a hunt for human victims. On the other hand, there also seems to be a connection with certain "wayob" shaped like deer but with the tail of a spider monkey. On the famous peccary skull from Copan, for example, such a deer "way" appears to be welcoming the death god returning from a hunt. Jaguar baby transformation. Together with the Rain Deity Chaac, God A is present at the jaguar transformation of a man (possibly a hero) who is usually shown as a baby, and who seems  to disappear into the underworld.-- Apart from these contexts, on a Copan bench, the earth-carrying Bacabs are paired off with death gods A. This may relate to the fact that in Yucatán, one of the four Bacabs was called "White Death" (Zaccimi). Classic Period: God A'. The other codical death god is God A' ("A prime"), corresponding to Landa's Uac Mitun Ahau, and characterized by a black stripe over the eyes and a "darkness" infix in the forehead. Just like death god A, he figures among the Classic wayob. Instead of being a head hunter, however, God A ' is a demonic apparition repeatedly shown in the illusionistic act of self-decapitation. He is presented with very pale flesh similar to a corpse. Over his eyes are black bands. Like all deities in the underworld, he wears the "aq'ab'al" which is the sign of underworld darkness and divination. The god is shown wearing a large headdress with a femur bone going through the center of it. In most images, he is shown holding either a stave, pipe, or orb. Like most deities in the Mayan religion, he wears jewelry around the neck, wrist, and ankles. He wears a gown  or cloth that covers his pelvis area in the front and his backside. His iconography shows considerable overlap with that of an anthropomorphic way (labeled "Mokochih") and of a demonic flying insect sometimes carrying a torch (possibly a blowfly, firefly, or wasp). In spite of the above, it has been suggested that the hieroglyphic name of God A' should be read as Akan, a name otherwise only known as that of a 16th-century deity of alcoholic beverages. Calendrical and astrological functions. A text from the early colonial songbook of Dzitbalche states the Underworld ("Miitnal") to be opened and Kisin  ("Cizin") to be liberated during the concluding twenty days of the year ("Uayah-yaab"). In the Classic period, the head of the skeletal God A serves as (i) the hieroglyph for the day Kimi, "Death," corresponding to "Kame"' in Quiché, also the name of the paired rulers of "Xibalba" in the "Popol Vuh"; (ii) the hieroglyph for the number ten ("lajun"), perhaps because the verbal stem "laj-" means "to end;" (iii) a variable element in glyph C of the Lunar Series, registering one to six completed lunations, probably for the prediction of lunar eclipses. Apparently connected to this, God A  can be depicted with the attribute of a crescent that seems to mark him as a lunar patron deity. A vignette of God A (or perhaps his female counterpart) illustrates the lunar eclipse tables of the Dresden Codex (see figure).