Roman Catholic Diocese of San Marco Argentano-Scalea
The Italian Catholic Diocese of San Marco Argentano-Scalea, in Cosenza, Calabria, has existed as the diocese of San Marco since at least 1171, when the name of Bishop Ruben appears in a document. It is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cosenza-Bisignano. History. The historical Diocese of San Marco was created in the twelfth century, out of the remains of the diocese of Malvito. From its beginning, the diocese of San Marco was directly dependent on the Roman See, and was not (unlike Malvito) part of any metropolitan province . Bishop Ruben (Radulfus Melfensis) of San Marco was present at the III Lateran Council of 1179, signing last among the bishops directly dependent upon the Holy See. In April 1275, Pope Gregory X, who had completed the II Council of Lyon and was still in Lyon organizing the next Crusade, was impelled to issue a mandate to the Archbishop of Capua to investigate the situation of the Church of San Marco, which was involved in a contested episcopal election. The Pope's stated "causa" (reason for acting) was that the diocese was attached to the Roman Church, "ad Romanam ecclesiam  nullo medio spectare dignoscitur." In other words, Pope Gregory was the immediate ecclesiastical superior, with no other authority intervening, not even a metropolitan archbishop. The seminary of San Marco was established by Bishop Giovanni Antonio Grignetti (1578–1585), in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent. The new seminary buildings were built by Bishop Greco in the nineteenth century. Up until the mid-eighteenth century, the seminaries were simple schools of grammar, practical mathematics, ecclesiastical computations, Christian doctrine (as prescribed by Roberto Bellarmine), and Gregorian chant. In 1818, in accordance with the terms of the Concordat between the Holy  See and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the diocese of San Marco was combined with the diocese of Bisignano, becoming the diocese of San Marco e Bisignano and was ranked as immediately subject to the Holy See. In 1834 the territory of Cetraro on the Tyrrhenian coast was added to the diocese of San Marco e Bisignano. Certraro had been founded as a monastery by Robert Guiscard and his wife Sigelgaita and given to the Monastery of Montecassino in 1086; its first abbot was Desiderius, who became Pope Victor III. Since Cetraro was too far distant from Montecassino for  effective administration, the Benedictines of Montecassino had assigned the administration of Cetraro to the bishops of San Marco. In 1411 Pope Gregory XII sold Cetraro to King Ladislaus of Naples. In 1912, the diocese contain 64 parishes, 256 priests, 110,000 inhabitants, some convents of religious, and a house of nuns. On February 13, 1919, the Diocese had territory transferred to create the Eparchy of Lungro for the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church. On April 4, 1979, Bisignano passed to Cosenza and the Diocese was renamed to San Marco Argentano–Scalea. On January 30, 2001, the Archdiocese of Cosenza-Bisignano was elevated  to a Metropolitan See with San Marco Argentano-Scalea as a suffragan diocese. Cathedrals. The Cathedral of Saint Nicholas in San Marco had a Chapter composed of six dignities and twelve Canons. The dignities were: the Archdeacon, the Dean, the Cantor, the Treasurer, the Archpriest, and the Primicerius. One of the twelve Canons, called the Canon of S. Marco, was the Theologian of the Chapter. The Chapter currently (2017) has six dignities (Dean, Primicerius, Theologian, Treasurer, Penitentiary, and Cantor), seven Canons, and four honorary Canons. The Cathedral of Bisignano, which was dedicated to the Bodily Assumption of the Blessed Virgin  Mary into Heaven, also had a Chapter. It was composed of eight dignities and twenty Canons. The dignities were: the Archdeacon, the Dean, the Cantor, the Treasurer, the Sub-Cantor (Succentor), the Archpriest, the Penitentiary, and the Theologian. There was only one Collegiate Church in both of the dioceses, Santa Maria del Popolo in Belvedere Marittimo. It had four dignities (Archdeacon, Archpriest, Dean and Treasurer). It was founded in 1608 and lasted only thirty years. The Diocese has a Minor Basilica, the Basilica of the Blessed Mary of Pettoruto in San Sosti, Cosenza, Calabria. Bishops. Diocese of San Marco (Argentano ). "Erected: before 1171" "Latin Name: Sancti Marci" "Immediately Subject to the Holy See" Diocese of San Marco e Bisignano. "United: 27 June 1818 with the Diocese of Bisignano" "Latin Name: Sancti Marci et Bisinianensis" "Immediately Subject to the Holy See" Diocese of San Marco Argentano-Scalea. "4 April 1979 United with the Archdiocese of Cosenza which was then split to form the Archdiocese of Cosenza e Bisignano and the Diocese of San Marco Argentano-Scalea" "Latin Name: Sancti Marci Argentanensis-Scaleensis"