Cicely Hamilton
Cicely Mary Hamilton (née Hammill; 15 June 1872 – 6 December 1952), was an English actress, writer, journalist, suffragist and feminist, part of the struggle for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. She is now best known for the feminist play "How the Vote was Won", which sees a male anti-suffragist change his mind when the women in his life go on strike. She was also the author of one of the most frequently performed suffrage plays, "A Pageant of Great Women" (1909), which featured the character of Jane Austen as one of its "Learned Women." Biography . Born in 1872, Cicely Hammill in Paddington, London, she was the eldest of the four children of Maude Mary and Denzil Hammil. She was educated in Malvern, Worcestershire and in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. Hammill was raised by foster parents because her mother had gone missing. After a short spell in teaching she acted in a touring company. She took the pseudonym "Cicely Hamilton" out of consideration for her family. Then she wrote drama, including feminist themes, and enjoyed a period of success in the commercial theatre. Hamilton was praised for her acting in a performance of "Fanny's  First Play" by George Bernard Shaw. In 1908 she and Bessie Hatton founded the Women Writers' Suffrage League. This grew to around 400 members, including Ivy Compton-Burnett, Sarah Grand, Violet Hunt, Marie Belloc Lowndes, Alice Meynell, Olive Schreiner, Evelyn Sharp, May Sinclair and Margaret L. Woods. It produced campaigning literature, written by Sinclair amongst others, and recruited many prominent male supporters. Hamilton supplied the lyrics of ""The March of the Women"", the song which Ethel Smyth composed in 1910 for the Women's Social and Political Union, was first performed at an 'At Home' in Suffolk Street Galleries, Pall  Mall to celebrate the release of women violently arrested on Black Friday; it had suitably stirring lyrics for such an occasion: In the days before radio, one effective way to get a message out into society and to have it discussed was to produce short plays that could be performed around the country, and so suffrage drama was born. Elizabeth Robins's ""Votes for Women"" and Cicely Hamilton and Christopher St. John's ""How the Vote Was Won"" are two predominant examples of the genre. Hamilton also wrote ""A Pageant of Great Women"", a highly successful women's suffrage play  based on the ideas of her friend, the theatre director Edith Craig. Hamilton played 'Woman' while Craig played the painter Rosa Bonheur, one of the 50 or so great women in the play. Lena Connell's photographs of the leading players were sold to assist the suffrage cause and Connell exhibited the pictures at the Royal Photographic Society in 1910-11. The play was produced all over the UK from 1909 until the First World War. Hamilton was a member of Craig's theatre society, the "Pioneer Players". Her play ""Jack and Jill and a Friend" "was one of the  three plays in the Pioneer Players' first production in May 1911. Hamilton inspired young schoolgirls, supportive of suffrage, like Winifred Starbuck, who had Hamilton and other leaders' pictures on her desk in purple, white and green frames and later herself protested by school disorder, such as graffiti and hiding the school registers and handbell, as a milder form of resistance to authority for women's suffrage. During World War I Hamilton initially worked in the organisation of nursing care, with the Scottish Women's ambulance service near Paris, and then joined the army as an auxiliary. Later she formed a  repertory company to entertain the troops. After the war, she wrote as a freelance journalist, particularly on birth control, and was a press officer for the Geneva International Suffrage Conference and as a playwright for the Birmingham Repertory Company. When Lena Ashwell Players Ltd was formed in 1923, Hamilton was one of the directors. The other three were Lena Ashwell, Esme Church and Marion Fawcett, who were the company's theatre managers. Hamilton was a regular contributor to "Time and Time" magazine, and an active member of the feminist Six Point Group, campaigning for the rights of children, widows and  unmarried mothers; equal guardianship of children, and equal pay in teaching and civil service. In 1938 she was given a Civil List pension. She was a friend of E. M. Delafield and is thought to be the model for "Emma Hay" in Delafield's ""Provincial Lady"" books. Hamilton's ""Theodore Savage"" (1922, vt. "Lest Ye Die" 1928) is a science-fiction novel about a Britain devastated by a war. Hamilton's autobiography ""Life Errant"" was published in 1935. She died in Chelsea in 1952. In July 2017, the Finborough Theatre staged the first London production of Hamilton's play ""Just  to Get Married"" in over 100 years. It received positive reviews (4 stars) from "The Times," "The Observer", "The Evening Standard" and "The New York Times".