VertiGo (ride)
VertiGo was a 'Sky Sling' thrill ride located at Cedar Point and Knott's Berry Farm. Both the rides opened in 2001 and both were designed by S&S Worldwide. After an incident at Cedar Point, both rides were demolished for the 2002 season. Ride experience. The ride structure consisted of three placed in a triangular arrangement with some distance between them. In the area between them was a relatively small triangular ride vehicle, which would sit on the ground when not operating. A cable ran from the top of each tower to the corresponding corner of the vehicle . The three towers were able to sway up to in high winds, or when the cables were stretched during ride operation. Each side of the vehicle had a horizontal pole carrying two seats, for a total of six riders. The vehicle arrangement was designed so that the seats were isolated from the rest of the framework and were relatively minimal so that it made guests feel insecure as there were few places to hold on. On activation, the car first rose a few feet off the ground, and then pneumatic air pressure would rocket the riders up at , over the  top of towers and reaching in the air. The poles carrying the seats were mounted in bearings on either end so they could rotate. The ride operated in three modes: Hot Rocket, where riders remained in the upright position throughout the entire ride; Cosmic Flip, where they began in the upright position, then as the ride reached its climax, rotated forward 150 degrees to provide a "nose-dive" sensation as the ride vehicle descended toward the ground; and Big Bang, where shortly after launch, riders were flipped forward 150 degrees and travelled through the apex and a majority of the  return to the ground in the upside-down position. Knott's version had a fourth option: Big Bang Plus, in which the rotation were all random. Incident. As a part of Cedar Point's preventative maintenance program, the VertiGo vehicle was removed from the ride and placed in storage. On January 14, 2002, one of the towers broke off approximately above the ground, causing a section of a pole to fall to the ground. The event occurred while Cedar Point was closed for the winter, and no one witnessed the collapse. A post-accident investigation by the University of Western  Ontario ascribed the problem to vortex shedding, which can occur when wind blows across a cylindrical object for a long period of time under specific weather conditions. Vortex shedding can lead to structural failure resulting from the oscillation of the poles back and forth across the direction of the wind. Confirmation of the analysis occurred a few weeks later, when one of the remaining two poles began oscillating . It was concluded that had the vehicle remained attached, it would have absorbed the vibrations and prevented failure. An option to hang a heavy chain from the top of the towers was  presented as a fix, but the park decided to forego repair. Cedar Fair President Richard L. Kinzel later stated, "We believe the unfavorable perceptions resulting from the incident will negatively impact the popularity of the rides. With the opening of Cedar Point less than two months away and Knott's Berry Farm nearing its peak season, we feel the best decision is to remove the rides from our parks." Similar Sky Sling models of the ride continued to operate at other parks, including "Thrill Shot" at Six Flags Magic Mountain which was removed in 2012 due to high maintenance costs , and "Eruption" at Six Flags Great Adventure which was removed in 2010 then replaced by a Funtime Slingshot, and in Frontier City which closed in 2012 and was removed in December 2013.