All for Australia League
The All for Australia League (AFAL) was an Australian political movement during the Great Depression. It was founded in early 1931 and claimed to have amassed 130,000 members by June 1931. Right-wing and anti-establishment in nature, the league had the backing of a number of prominent businessmen and industrialists. It was critical both of the Labor Party and the right-wing Nationalist Party. It primarily operated in Sydney, but also had branches in country New South Wales and absorbed a similar organisation in Victoria. The league eventually chose to co-operate with the existing  Nationalist organisation at the 1931 federal election, helping preselect candidates for the new United Australia Party (UAP). After the election victory the league was absorbed by the UAP's state organisation. Objectives. Five objectives were announced at the official launch of the league, held at Killara on 12 February 1931: According to labour historian Geoffrey Robinson, the league "posed a major challenge to the established conservative parties", but ultimately "failed because Australian conservatives regrouped and moved back towards the centre". Membership. The league undertook an extensive recruiting campaign, mostly in Sydney but also in some country areas. It claimed to  have gained 30,000 members within three weeks after its launch, rising to 40,000 a week later. Up to 3,500 badges were being issued each day, bearing the distinctive emblem of a six-pointed star. By the end of March 1931, the league claimed 99 branches, including fifteen outside Sydney. The membership stood at 116,000 on 14 April and 130,000 by the end of June. Most of the league's leadership had not previously been involved in politics. The executive was "strongly representative of managerial and professional men". Former engineering professor Alexander James Gibson was elected president of the league. Other  members of the league's provisional executive included: Later members of the executive included: Braddon, Craig, Heath, and Oberg resigned from the executive over the league's attacks on the state Nationalist Party.