Mirliva
Mirliva or Mîr-i livâ was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. It corresponds to a Brigadier General (modern Turkish: "Tuğgeneral") in the modern Turkish Army. "Mirliva" is a compound word composed of "Mir" (commander) and "Liva" (or "Liwa", "brigade" in Arabic). The rank was junior to the "Ferik" (Major General) and superior to the rank "Miralay" (Senior Colonel) in the Ottoman Army and the pre-1934 Turkish Army. "Mirliva" was the most junior general rank with the title "Pasha". The collar mark (later shoulder mark) and cap of a "Mirliva" had three stripes and one star  during the early years of the Turkish Republic. The Ottoman Army and pre-1934 Turkish Army had three general ranks (similar to the British ranking system), while the current Turkish Army has four general ranks (similar to the American ranking system), with the inclusion of General ("Orgeneral") as the fourth introduced in 1934. The title and rank of "Mirliva" was abolished with Act No. 2590 of 26 November 1934 on the Abolition of Titles and Appellations such as Efendi, Bey or Pasha.