Beaufort West
Beaufort West (Afrikaans: "Beaufort-Wes"; Xhosa: "eBhobhofolo") is a town in the Western Cape province in South Africa. It is the largest town in the arid Great Karoo region, and is known as the "Capital of the Karoo". It forms part of the Beaufort West Local Municipality, with 34,085 inhabitants in 2011. It is the centre of an agricultural district based mainly on sheep farming, and is a significant town and logistical support hub on the N1 national road. Next door to Beaufort West is the Karoo National Park. Important Permian era fossils have been found in the  area to the west of the town. Initially found by David Baird, son of the local magistrate in 1827. The old Town Hall and the Dutch Reformed Church have been declared national monuments. History. Beaufort West was the first town to be established in the central Karoo. The town was founded in 1818 and initially named "Beaufort" after Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort, who was the father of Lord Charles Henry Somerset, then governor of the Cape Colony. The town was renamed "Beaufort West" in 1869 to avoid confusion with Port Beaufort in the Western Cape as well as  Fort Beaufort in the Eastern Cape. The town became prosperous with the introduction of Saxon Merino sheep. One of those who first farmed them, John Molteno, was a young Anglo-Italian immigrant who then founded the town's first bank in 1854 and went on to become the first Prime Minister of the Cape. Beaufort West became the first municipality in South Africa on 3 February 1837 and had the country's first town hall. When the railroad reached the town in 1880 it became a marshalling yard and locomotive depot and today it is the largest town in the  Karoo. Professor Christiaan Barnard, the town’s most famous son, performed the first successful human-to-human heart transplant. He is honoured in the local museum, which houses a display of awards presented to him and a replica of the original heart transplant theatre. Beaufort West is the site of one of the largest migrations of mammals on record. In 1849, Sir John Fraser (son of the local Dutch Reformed Church minister) observed and famously documented a herd of Springbok that took three days to pass the town. The 1936 census recorded a total population 7,966 residents in the town . Coat of arms. By 1931, the town council had assumed a coat of arms — it was depicted on a cigarette card issued in that year. The arms were formally granted by the administrator of the Cape Province on 10 March 1967 and registered at the Bureau of Heraldry in September 1969. The arms are: "Gules, a portcullis with chains pendant all Or" (i.e. a red shield displaying a gold portcullis with chains). The crest is an ostrich, the supporters a merino ram and an angora ram, and the motto "Festina lente". Economy. The large uranium and yellowcake producing Beaufort West  mine is nearby. The three largest industries in the town are the agricultural sector, which is the largest employer, the transport and logistical support sector, and the tourism sector.