Édouard Schuré
Eduard (Édouard) Schuré (January 21, 1841 in Strasbourg – April 7, 1929 in Paris) was a French philosopher, poet, playwright, novelist, music critic, and publicist of esoteric literature. Biography. Schuré was the son of a doctor in the Alsatian town of Strasbourg, who died when Édouard was fourteen years old. Schuré mastered French as well as German, and was influenced by German and French culture in his formative years. He received his degree in law at the University of Strasbourg, but he never entered into practice. Schuré called the three most significant of his friendships those with Richard Wagner , Marguerita Albana Mignaty and Rudolf Steiner. Schuré's interest and studies led to an extensive knowledge of German literature. The discovery of Wagner's "music drama" "Tristan and Isolde" impressed him sufficiently to seek—and obtain—Wagner's personal acquaintance. In France, he published his first work "Histoire du Lied"—a history of the German folk song, which earned him some recognition in the country of his family. With the publication of the essay "Richard Wagner et le Drame Musical", he established himself as a major French Wagner expert and advocate of the time. When the Franco-German war of 1870 -71 poisoned the German arts for many French, it would seem that Schuré was not immune from this influence. His nationalism is reflected in his remarks of this time—and later in his life—in a comparison of glorified Celtism (France) and a negatively viewed "Teutonism" (Germany). On a trip to Italy during this time he met, twenty years his senior, a Greek woman, Marguerita Albana Mignaty, whom he subsequently described as his "muse", although he himself was married. After the tide of war had ebbed, Schuré reestablished his relationship with Wagner. In 1873, he met the German philosopher Friedrich  Nietzsche; with frequent contact they shared enthusiasm for Wagner. The cultist veneration of Wagner, however, seeded Schuré's alienation from the composer. Schuré now turned increasingly to the esoteric and the occult, his major influence being the famous French occultist-scholar Fabre d'Olivet. In 1884, he met the founder of the Theosophical Society Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. Although unwelcome in the Theosophical Society, he nevertheless entered. In 1889, he published, after some smaller works on similar topics, his major work "Les Grands Initiés" ("The Great Initiates"). In 1900, the actress Marie von Sivers came into contact with him because she intended  to translate his works into German ("The Great Initiates", "The Sacred Drama of Eleusis" and "The Children of Lucifer"). At the German Section of the Theosophical Society, he met the Austrian philosopher and later founder of Anthroposophy, Rudolf Steiner. In 1906, Sivers brought about a meeting between Schuré and Steiner. Schuré was deeply impressed and thought of Steiner as an authentic 'initiate' in line with his "The Great Initiates". After hearing Steiner lecture in Paris for the first time in 1906, Schuré in an ecstatic state ran home and wrote down the entirety of the lecture from memory. This first  lecture, and the other lectures in the series (which Schuré wrote down) were published as "Esoteric Cosmology". Subsequently, Steiner and von Sivers staged Schuré's esoteric dramas at the following Theosophical Congresses in Berlin and Munich. Schuré's "The Children of Lucifer", served as a precursor of Rudolf Steiner's own esoteric dramas. In 1908 Schuré brought out "Le Mystère Chrétien et les Mystères Antiques", a French translation of Steiner's work "Christianity as Mystical Fact and the Mysteries of Antiquity". With the outbreak of World War I, Schuré's relationship with Steiner and his wife became strained. Schuré threw  in the two secret intentions about Germanic and Pan and stepped out of Steiner's Anthroposophical Society. Four years after the war, Schuré re-consolidated his friendship with Steiner. In subsequent years, Schuré published his autobiography. Esoteric and literary meaning. Schuré's "The Great Initiates" is described by some as a masterpiece. In it, he describes the path allegedly followed by some of the ancient philosophers in search of profound esoteric knowledge, often called the "initiation", as describing the process of becoming a mystic master or spiritual healer. Those familiar with Rama, Hermes Trismegistus, Socrates, Jesus, Orpheus will find frequent  references in Schuré's work. Although having no knowledge of the 'druid' Rama, Schuré pursued the notion that a secret esoteric knowledge was known to them all, that this group were among the pillars of civilization and represented the founders of spiritual and philosophical ways of being as well as in some cases—though contrary to their message—religions. Schuré recognized that the path to a harmonious world was not to be found through a bigoted denial of the value found by other civilizations by their own sages. He wanted people to recognize the value of democracy in spiritual, philosophical , and religious ways. Schuré wrote a considerable number of books and plays. In his 1912 "From Sphinx to Christ (Treatise on Occult History)" he admires the racist basis of the hereditary caste system in India. He believed the Brahmans had to protect their pure Aryan blood from admixtures with the blood of the other - inferior - races of India after the 'invasion' of India by the Aryans. His plays enjoyed relative fame in his days in Europe, and some of them were put on stage by Steiner. He also influenced Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev.