Man in the Mirror
"Man in the Mirror" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson, with lyrics and music by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett, and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. It was released on February 6, 1988, as the fourth single from his seventh solo album, "Bad" (1987). "Man in the Mirror" topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 for two weeks, becoming Jackson's tenth number-one single on the chart, and was certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It was nominated for Record of the Year at the 31st Grammy  Awards. The song peaked at number 21 in the UK Singles Chart upon release in 1988, but in 2009, following the news of Jackson's death, the song peaked at number 2. Keeping the gospel choir arrangement, the song was remixed for the soundtrack of Jackson's tribute tour "Immortal". The "Man in the Mirror" music video was directed, produced and edited by Don Wilson. Don and Michael Jackson developed the idea for the video. Larry Stessel who was video commissioner at Epic Records at the time was the executive producer. It features a montage of clips of starving children  in Africa, Adolf Hitler, Hitler's American "relatives", George Lincoln Rockwell's American Nazi Party, the Ku Klux Klan, Martin Luther King Jr., the Kent State shootings, Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Desmond Tutu, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, Pieter Botha, Lech Wałęsa, the June Struggle in South Korea, homeless people in the U.S., the rescue of Jessica McClure, kids in graduation, and other historical figures. Composition. "Man in the Mirror" was composed by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett. Jackson did rewrite the lyrics to the song, but left the credits as they were. Jackson added background vocals from Garrett, the Winans  and the Andraé Crouch Choir. The song is said to have been one of Jackson's favorite songs. Arranged with a gospel choir, Jackson would use a gospel choir again several years later on his hit "Will You Be There". Siedah Garrett also sang Jackson's duet "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" in mid-1987. The song is played in the keys of G major and A major at a tempo of 100 bpm. The vocal range is E–G. The single sleeve for "Man in the Mirror" contains a dedication to Yoshiaki Ogiwara, a five-year-old boy  from Takasaki, Gunma, Japan who was kidnapped and murdered in September 1987. Jackson was touring Japan at the time and dedicated concerts in Osaka and Yokohama to Ogiwara's memory. Glen Ballard had sequenced the song's entire drum beat on a Linn 9000 drum machine, which appears on record with additional claps and cymbals from Ollie E. Brown according to the album credits. Critical response. When Ed Hogan reviewed the song, he called it "gentle." Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" noted that this song has "gospelly lift." "Rolling Stone" Davitt Sigerson thought that "Man in the Mirror  stands among the half dozen best things Jackson has done: On 'Man in the Mirror,' a song he did not write, Jackson goes a step further and offers a straightforward homily of personal commitment: 'I'm starting with the man in the mirror/I'm asking him to change his ways/And no message could have been any clearer/If you wanna make the world a better place/Take a look at yourself and then make a change.'" In 2009, Josh Tyrangiel from "Time" named "Man in the Mirror" among Jackson's ten-best songs and "one of Jackson’s most  powerful vocals and accessible social statements, not to mention the best-ever use of a gospel choir in a pop song." In 2017, ShortList's Dave Fawbert listed the song as containing "one of the greatest key changes in music history". Music video. One of the videos is a notable departure from Jackson's other videos mainly because Jackson himself does not appear in the video (aside from a brief clip toward the end of the video in which he can be seen donning a red jacket and standing in a large crowd). Instead, it featured a montage of footage  of various major news events and famous people. The "Man in the Mirror" music video was directed, produced and edited by Don Wilson. Don and Michael Jackson developed the idea for the video. Larry Stessel who was Video Commissioner at Epic Records at the time was the Executive Producer. PCM Stereo music video version of this song was included on "Number Ones", "Michael Jackson's Vision", the Target version DVD of "Bad 25", and the song's video that released on VHS in 1989. An alternate live video was used as the opening song in Jackson's film "Moonwalker" with  live audio and footage from several live performances of the song during the Bad World Tour. The first segment of "Moonwalker" is a live performance of "Man in the Mirror" during his Bad Tour in Europe and America. Clips from Met Center among others can be seen. It also features a montage of clips of children in Africa, Adolf Hitler, the Ku Klux Klan, Martin Luther King Jr., the Kent State shootings, Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Lech Wałęsa, kids in Graduation, and other historical figures. Live performances. Jackson performed a live, extended version of the song at the  1988 Grammy Awards, having Garrett, the Winans, and the Andraé Crouch choir perform with him. It was staged by Vincent Paterson. He also performed the song as the ending of the concert during the Bad World Tour's second leg, and regularly as the ending of the Dangerous World Tour. Live versions of the song are available on the DVDs "Live at Wembley July 16, 1988" and "". The song was rehearsed for the HIStory World Tour, but was cut from the final set list and was replaced with HIStory as the ending song. On July 16, 1996, Jackson also performed  Man in the Mirror at the Royal Concert Brunei for the last time prior to the benefit concert. The last time this song was performed was on October 21, 2001, at the concert that was held in Washington D. C. as a tribute to the victims of September 11 attacks. The instrumental introduction to the song was played at the end of Jackson's memorial service, while his casket was being carried out; followed by the appearance of a spotlight shining on a microphone on an empty stage. After a closing prayer that incorporated themes from the song, the spotlight  remained shining on the lone microphone. The song is also featured as the final number in "Michael Jackson's This Is It". Chart performance. "Man in the Mirror" was the 4th consecutive number-one single for Jackson's "Bad" in the United States. The single debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number 48 on February 6, 1988, and reached number 1 by its 8th week on the chart, on March 26, 1988, where it remained for 2 weeks. The song originally peaked at number 21 in the United Kingdom in 1988. However, following Jackson's death on June 25 , 2009, "Man in the Mirror" re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 11, and the following week the song peaked at number 2, held off by Cascada's "Evacuate the Dancefloor". This song had been at top 100 for 15 consecutive weeks in this chart. In Australia the song originally charted at number 39. After the singer's death, the song re-entered the chart and peaked at number 8. It was also the top single in iTunes downloads in the US and the UK. It has sold 567,280 copies in the UK as of January 2016. Man in