Ornithoctoninae
Ornithoctoninae is a subfamily of tarantulas found in Southeast Asia. It was first erected in 1895 by Reginald Innes Pocock based on the type specimen "Ornithoctonus andersoni". Terrestrial members of this subfamily are often known as earth tigers. The Ornithoctoninae comprise a theraphosid subfamily, which is widely distributed in Asia from Myanmar to South China in the north and as far as to Halmahera in the Indonesian archipelago in the south, and in all the ranges in between. Most species in the subfamily live fossorially in burrows, though several species live arboreally. They are known as defensive spiders; when  disturbed, they quickly retreat into their burrows or dig themselves into the soil. When neither is a possibility, they assume a defensive posture. When provoked, they strike the aggressor repeatedly with the anterior legs; if the aggressor does not retreat, these spiders have been known to bite. Though not deadly, the effects of the venom can be very unpleasant, including pain, swelling, and arthritis-like stiffness in the joints of the extremity affected. The theraphosid subfamily Ornithoctoninae is defined by a combination of characteristics: Presence of retrolateral scopula of filiform setae on the cheliceral base, a small row of larger  filiform paddle setae retrolaterally ventrobasally in connection to the retrolateral cheliceral scopula, and arrangement of stridulatory spines prolaterally on maxilla. The characteristic of retrolateral scopula of filiform setae on the cheliceral base is shared by the African subfamily Harpactirinae, but the Ornithoctoninae can be distinguished from the Harpactirinae by the geographic distribution range and the presence of the other characteristics mentioned, which are lacking in the Harpactirinae. As pets. Specimens from the genera "Haplopelma", "Cyriopagopus", and "Ornithoctonus" are frequently kept as pets. The most commonly kept species are: "H. albostriatum", "H. hainanum", "H. lividum", "H. longipes", "H. minax", "H. schmidti , O. aureotibialis", and "C. schioedtei". More species are kept and new species enter the hobby every now and then, but most of this material needs to be properly identified or described. Genera and species of Ornithoctoninae. A list of known species in the Ornithoctoninae, sorted by genera: "Citharognathus" Type species: "C. hosei" "Cyriopagopus" [Senior synonym of "Melognathus" ] Type species: "C. paganus" "Haplopelma" [Senior synonym of "Melopoeus" ] Type species: "Haplopelma doriae" Transferred to other genera: "Haplopelma chrysothrix" → "Ornithoctonus aureotibialis" "Haplopelma costale" → "Ornithoctonus costalis" In synonymy: "Haplopelma huwenum" = "Haplopelma schmidti" "Lampropelma" Type species: "L. nigerrimum" "Omothymus" Type species: "Omothymus  schioedtei" "Ornithoctonus" Type species: "O. andersoni" Transferred to other genera: "Ornithoctonus gadgili" → "Poecilotheria regalis" "Ornithoctonus hainanus" → "Haplopelma hainanum" "Ornithoctonus huwenus" → "Haplopelma schmidti" "Phormingochilus" Type species: "P. everetti" Transferred to other genera: "Phormingochilus carpenteri" → "Lampropelma carpenteri" "Phormingochilus fuchsi" → "Omothymus fuchsi" "Phormingochilus kirki" → "Lampropelma kirki"