Structure of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force
The Structure of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force over the course of the First World War is shown below. 1916. Canal Defences (General A. Murray) No.1 Section, Headquarters Suez – IX Corps (January to March) No.2 Section, Headquarters Ismailia – I Anzac Corps (January to March) No.3 Section, Headquarters Port Said – (Major General H.A. Lawrence) Until almost the end of 1917, No. l Squadron, A.F.C., and No. 14 Squadron, R.F.C., were the sole flying units east of the Suez Canal. General organisation in April 1916. General Headquarters Order of battle April. General Headquarters Headquarters of Administrative services  and departments Army Signals, Work, Supplies and Transport, Railways, Ordnance, Remounts, Veterinary Services, Medical Services, Army Postal Services, Paymaster Inspector General of Communication and Levant Base Divisional Troops IX Corps GOC Major General (temp. Lieutenant General) F. J. Davies 42nd (East Lancashire) Division GOC Major General W. Douglas Divisional Troops 3rd Dismounted Brigade (attached) GOC Lieutenant Colonel Lord Kensington (Acting) 54th (East Anglian) Division GOC Colonel (temp. Major General) S. W. Hare Divisional Troops 20th Indian Brigade (attached) GOC Brigadier General H. D. Watson 29th Indian Brigade GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) P. C. Palin II Australian and New Zealand  Army Corps (II ANZAC) GOC Major General (temp. LIeutenant General) A. J. Godley 4th Australian Division GOC Major General H. V. Cox GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) J. Monash Divisional Troops 5th Australian Division GOC Colonel (temp Major General) J. W. McCay Divisional Troops 11th (Northern) Division GOC Major General E. A. Fanshawe Divisional Troops No. 3 Section Canal Defences GOC etc Headquarters 52nd Division 52nd (Lowland) Division GOC Major General H. A. Lawrence Divisional Troops 1st Dismounted Brigade (attached) GOC Temp Brigadier General Marquess of Tullibardine Western Frontier Force GOC Major General W. E. Peyton North Western Section GOC  etc Headquarters 53rd Division 53rd (Welsh) Division GOC Colonel (temp. Major General) A. G. Dallas Divisional Troops 4th Dismounted Brigade (attached) GOC Temp Brigadier General John Stewart-Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine 22nd Mounted Brigade Provisional Infantry Brigade (less Headquarters) 17th Motor Machine Gun Battery No. 1 Armoured Train South Western Section GOC Colonel (temp Brigadier General) H. W. Hodgson General Headquarters Troops Artillery Engineers Signal Service ASC Transport Lines of Communication Defence Troops Alexandria District and Lines of Communications units of Infantry, Signal Service, Engineers, ASC, Medical Units, Ordnance Units, Veterinary Units and Postal Units. Distribution, 27 July. Eastern Frontier  No. 1 Section No. 2 Section No. 2a Section No. 3 Section Western Frontier No. 3 Section Canal Defences August. Canal Defences No. 3 Section Headquarters Kantara (included Romani) (Major General H.A. Lawrence) Force Defending Romani on 4 August Force moved to Romani during 4 August and took part in the battle Force moved to Romani during 4 August and took part in the battle on 5 August Eastern Frontier Force, also known as Eastern Force, was formed in Cairo on 18 October 1916 with headquarters at Ismailia. The force was commanded by Lieutenant General C. M. Dobell, who had  previously commanded Western Frontier Force. Eastern Frontier Force. Eastern Force consisted of No. 1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps Western Desert Force (Major General William Watson) Desert Column December. Desert Column Headquarters El Arish (Lieutenant General Sir Philip Chetwode) 1917. Royal Flying Corps in Egypt in January 1917 By January 1917 there were three smaller commands directly under GHQ EEF. Western Force Alexandria District Delta District With the front line approaching Gaza, the defence of the Suez Canal was still part of Eastern Force but had been reduced to: Northern Section Suez Canal Southern Section Suez Canal Order of Battle 9  January. Desert Column (Lieutenant General Philip Chetwode) Order of Battle March. Eastern Force (Lieutenant General Sir C. M. Dobell) Desert Column (Lieutenant General P. Chetwode) Artillery Organization in April 1917. General Headquarters 1st Garrison Battalion, Essex Regiment at Khartoum Order of Battle April. General Headquarters Commander in Chief Lieutenant General (temp. General) A. J. Murray Eastern Force GOC Major General (temp. Lieutenant General) C. M. Dobell Brigadier General General Staff Brevet Lieutenant Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) G. P. Dawnay 52nd (Lowland) Division GOC Brevet Colonel (temp. Major General) W. E. B. Smith 53rd (Welsh) Division GOC Major General S. F.  Mott 54th (East Anglian) Division GOC Colonel (temp. Major General) S. W. Hare 74th (Yeomanry) Division GOC Brevet Lieutenant Colonel (temp. Major General) E. S. Girdwood Desert Column GOC Major General (temp. Lieutenant General) P. W. Chetwode Divisional Troops Northern Canal Section GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) H. D. Watson commander of 20th Indian Brigade Delta and Western Force GOC Brevet Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) H. G. Casson Alexandria District GOC Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) R. C. Boyle General Headquarters Troops Southern Canal Section GOC Brevet Colonel (temp. Brigadier General) P. C. Palin in addition to GOC 29th Indian Brigade  Cyprus Detachment and Lines of Communications controlled by GHQ including RFC "X" Aircraft Park (5th Wing), "X" Aircraft Depot for all Middle East units RFC, Engineers, Signal Service, ASC, Medical Units, Ordnance, Veterinary, Remounts and Postal Units. Expansion of Desert Column June 1917. Desert Column was expanded to three divisions, commanded by Chauvel – At the end of June 1917 General Allenby took command. At that time the Egyptian Expeditionary Force consisted of the British XX Corps and the British XXI Corps, under the command of Lieutenant Generals Philip Chetwode and Edward Stanislaus Bulfin, respectively, along with the Desert Mounted Corps  commanded by Lieutenant General Harry Chauvel. The air component was the Palestine Brigade of the Royal Flying Corps (later the Royal Air Force) and the Australian Flying Corps. Order of Battle October. XX Corps (Lieutenant General Sir R.W. Chetwode, Bart.) XXI Corps (Lieutenant General Sir E.S. Bulfin) Desert Mounted Corps (Lieutenant General Sir H. Chauvel) On establishment in 1916 and 1917, the first two mounted divisions had been supplied with 18–pounder artillery guns. In September 1917 these guns were replaced with 13-pounders, making the divisions "even more capable", according to Erickson. Also in General Headquarters Troops were the  1918. The force initially consisted mostly of British and Egyptian troops, but most of the former were sent to the Western Front in early 1918 to help repel Germany's Spring Offensive. In the meantime, new troops were then dispatched from India, Australia, and New Zealand, in particular who made up a large portion of the army. Though it was feared that mostly Muslim Indian troops might desert and join Ottoman Empire forces in the region (who had declared a "jihad" against the Allies early in the war), this fear proved unfounded, as the Indians fought valiantly on the front  lines of most of the army's major engagements. The force also included a small contingent of French and Italian troops. (These were known as the "Détachement Français de Palestine et de Syrie" and "Distaccamento Italiano di Palestina" commanded by Colonel Gilles de Philpin de Piépape & Lieutenant Colonel Francesco D'Agostino respectively.) The forces of the Arab Revolt, led by Prince Feisal of Mecca, were also unofficially attached during Allenby's Damascus offensive. The force's role evolved from a defense of Egypt to the invasion of Palestine which involved: the capture of Beersheba and Gaza in October–November 1917 (see  Third Battle of Gaza), entering Jerusalem on 11 December 1917, and Allenby's successful campaign of 1918, resulting in the defeat of the Turks at Megiddo, and the capture of Damascus, Beirut, and Aleppo. The force's successes ultimately led to Turkey's exit from the war and the creation of the British Mandate of Palestine. The Palestine Brigade RAF was reorganised at the end of 1917 or during the summer of 1918, as follows: West of the Jordan Order of Battle 19 September. XX Corps (Lieutenant General Sir P. Chetwode) XXI Corps (Lieutenant General Sir E. Bulfin) Generally – Desert  Mounted Corps (Lieutenant General Sir H. Chauvel) Chaytor's Force (Major General E.W.C. Chaytor)