Al-Insaf fima Yajib I'tiqaduh
Al-Insaf fima Yajib I'tiqaduh walā Yajūz al-Jahl bih (), is an Islamic theological book, written by the Maliki-Ash'ari scholar Abu Bakr al-Baqillani (d. 403/1013), as a methodical refutation against the Mu'tazilites and the Anthropomorphists (al-Mushabbiha). As an Ash'ari theologian, al-Baqillani disproved some theological doctrines formulated by these groups in dealing with a number of theological topics; the speech of God, the Qur'an and its characteristics, and other attributes of God. The Anthropomorphists believed that God is in the form of corporeal bodies together with their parts. He has hands, head , tongue, and other organs. Their notion is centralized to the doctrine that God has bodily materials. This doctrine was strongly rejected by al-Baqillani. His theological position takes the combination between rationalistic method and application of the revelation. Al-Baqillani also elucidated his stance concerning mutashabihat verses (uncertain or doubtful passages whose meaning is open to two or more interpretations) which were literally understood by the Anthropomorphists. He analyzed verse (5) of Surat Taha, in which he commented that the God’s seat on the throne is not similar with His creatures. He believed that the throne has neither space  nor place because God continuously exists, as he noted: "And we say: His seat is not the similar to any creatures. And we do not say: the throne is a place of settlement or rest for Allah, because Allah the Almighty exists without place. When he created place His existence is eternal, not changing". He also said: "Allah is clear from being in directions, or resembling the creations, and also He is not attributed with transformation or movement, nor with standing or sitting, as per His words: “There is nothing whatever like Him” [Qur'an 42:11] and “And there is none  comparable to Him” [Qur'an 112:4], because such attributes are of the creations, and Allah (the Creator) is clear from that". Content. Al-Baqillani demonstrates that: And other foundational Ash'ari beliefs.