Luz Méndez de la Vega
Luz Méndez de la Vega (2 September 1919 – 8 March 2012) was a Guatemalan feminist writer, journalist, poet, academic and actress. As an academic, she concentrated on researching and rescuing the work of colonial Guatemalan women writers. She was the winner of Guatemala's highest prize for literature, Miguel Ángel Asturias National Literature Prize, and the Chilean Pablo Neruda Medal, among many other literary awards throughout her career. Biography. Luz Méndez de la Vega was born on 2 September 1919 in Retalhuleu, Guatemala to José Méndez Valle and Susana de la Vega. Her father, who  was a doctor, but politically active, was forced into exile with his family in 1921. They fled to Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico, where Méndez began school at age four. Her family wanted her to attend a religious school, which was impossible at that time in Mexico, so she was sent to a convent school in El Salvador, where she first discovered literature at about age 9 or 10. When the family returned to Guatemala, she attended the Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén which was the teachers' college, earning a teaching certificate and simultaneously studied at the Liceo Francés, earning a  diploma in French. She finished her schooling at 17 and instead of pursuing university studies, Méndez married and had her first child when she was 20. She started doing charity work with María de Árbenz, at the Social Welfare Auxiliary Service, and was asked by if she would write about her work for the newspaper. She began her career as a journalist, writing for the newspaper "El Imparcial" and then managing and writing for the cultural page of "La Hora". She joined the Association of Journalists of Guatemala and published numerous articles in "La Nación"”, "El Gráfico", "Siglo Veintiuno", and  Prensa Libre throughout her lifetime. In 1944, she decided to go back to school, and earned a bachelor of Arts from Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala and a doctorate in literature at the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Upon completion of her studies, she worked as a professor, at the University of San Carlos and conducted research. She pursued feminist themes and specifically, she sought to rescue the work of feminist writers from Guatemala's colonial past. During her time at the university, the military government targeted intellectuals and on several occasions, Méndez had to flee from police and  shooting incidents. Later, she also was a professor at Rafael Landívar University in Guatemala City. In 1955, Méndez founded, along with others, the theatrical "Grupo Artístico de Escenificación Moderna" (GADEM) (Artistic Group of Modern Staging), to give contemporary playwrights an avenue for their pieces to be performed. She became an accomplished actress and the group annually staged new plays. During the 1970s, the military dictatorship suppressed artists. Two groups formed, "The Moira" made up mostly of students and teachers with a focus on theater and "Rin-78", made up of writers, to give artists venues for expression. Méndez was a member  of both groups. Méndez wrote many poems, articles and books, as well as literary criticisms. Among her most important works are "Eva sin Dios" (1979), "Poetisas desmitificadoras guatemaltecas" (1994) and "La amada y perseguida Sor Juana Inés de Maldonado y Paz" (2002). In "Las voces silenciadas (poema feminista)" she wrote about how the violence, terror, injustice and misery of the war, which though not officially declared, had devastated women’s lives from 1962-1996 and how patriarchy and enforced silence had repressed Guatemalan women and their concepts of identity and image. Her 2002 work, "Mujer, desnudez y palabras" was considered  so important that a documentary of the same name was released at the 7th National Congress of Writers in Guatemala in 2006 and in 2008, she was awarded the Emeritus Medal of Scientific Researcher from the Institute of Studies of National Literature of the Faculty of Humanities and the Institute of Women both at the University of San Carlos. She was appointed a member of the Guatemalan Academy of Language, the country's association with the Spanish Royal Academy of Language. Méndez died on International Women's Day, 8 March 2012 in Guatemala City, Guatemala and was buried in the  General Cemetery of Guatemala.