Stream Reservation Protocol
Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP) is an enhancement to Ethernet that implements admission control. In September 2010 SRP was standardized as IEEE 802.1Qat which has subsequently been incorporated into IEEE 802.1Q-2011. SRP defines the concept of streams at layer 2 of the OSI model. Also provided is a mechanism for end-to-end management of the streams' resources, to guarantee quality of service (QoS). SRP is part of the IEEE Audio Video Bridging (AVB) and Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards. The SRP technical group started work in September 2006 and finished meetings in 2009. Description. SRP registers a  stream and reserves the resources required through the entire path taken by the stream, based on the bandwidth requirement and the latency which are defined by a stream reservation traffic class. "Listener" (stream destination) and "Talker" (stream source) primitives are utilized. Listeners indicate what streams are to be received, and Talkers announce the streams that can be supplied by a bridged entity. Network resources are allocated and configured in both the end nodes of the data stream and the transit nodes along the data streams' path. An end-to-end signaling mechanism to detect the success/failure of the effort  is also provided. SRP "talker advertise" message includes QoS requirements (e.g., VLAN ID and Priority Code Point (PCP) to define traffic class, rank (emergency or nonemergency), traffic specification (maximum frame size and maximum number of frames in a traffic class), measurement interval, and accumulated worst case latency). Required bandwidth is calculated as MaxFrameSize × MaxIntervalFrames. If a bridge is able to reserve the required resources, it propagates the advertisement to the next bridge; othervise a 'talker failed' message is raised. When the advertise message reaches the listener, it replies with 'listener ready' message that propagates back to the talker. Talker  advertise and listener ready messages can be de-registered, which terminates the stream. Periodic polling of advertise and ready messages is used to detect unresponsive devices. Worst case latency is recalculated at every bridge, so higher protocol layers can use it for media synchronization. For credit-based shaper defined in IEEE 802.1Qav, Stream Reservation Class A is the highest, with worst-case latency requirement of 2 ms, and a measurement interval (maximum transmission period) of 125 μs; Class B has the second highest with worst-case latency of 50 ms, and a measurement interval of 250 μs. The maximum number  of hops is 7. The per-port peer delay provided by gPTP and the network bridge residence delay are added to calculate the accumulated delays and ensure the latency requirement is met. Control traffic has the third highest priority and includes gPTP and SRP traffic. IEEE 802.1Qbv time-aware scheduler introduces Class CDT for realtime control data from sensors and command streams to actuators, with worst-case latency of 100 μs over 5 hops, and maximum transmission period of 0.5 ms. Class CDT takes the highest priority over classes A, B, and control traffic. The measurement interval is 125 μs  for Class A traffic and 250 μs for Class B. The SRP works using the Multiple MAC Registration Protocol (MMRP), the Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol (MVRP), and the Multiple Stream Registration Protocol (MSRP). MMRP controls propagation of group registration, and MVRP controls VLAN membership (MAC address information). MSRP works in a distributed network of bridges and end stations; it registers and advertises data streams and reserves bridge resources to provide the QoS guarantees. The SRP protocol essentially operates in the following sequence: A station (talker) sends a reservation request with the general MRP application. All participants in the stream have  an MSRP application and the MRP Attribute Declaration (MAD) specification for describing the stream characteristics. Then each bridge within the same SRP domain can map, allocate, and forward the stream with the necessary resources by using the MRP attribute propagation.