Barbara Herrnstein Smith
Barbara Herrnstein Smith (born 1932) is an American literary critic and theorist, best known for her work "Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory". She is currently the Braxton Craven Professor of Comparative Literature and English and director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Science and Cultural Theory at Duke University, and also Distinguished Professor of English at Brown University. Biography. Smith briefly studied at City College of New York, studying biology, experimental psychology, and philosophy. She then earned her B.A. ("summa cum laude") in 1954 and her Ph.D. from Brandeis University. Brandeis University reports  Smith earned her doctorate in 1965, and Duke University reports she earned her doctorate in 1963. From 1961 to 1973, Smith taught at Bennington College. She accepted a faculty position at the University of Pennsylvania in 1973. In 1987 she joined the Duke University faculty, and also joined Brown University in 2003. Smith has also occupied numerous short-term and honorary posts. She was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford and at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Scholarship and work. Smith is a well-known writer, most particularly for her  1983 work on critical theory, "Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory". In this work, she attempts to situate the various liberal, conservative, and other views of "values" within her "metametatheory" of contingencies, an economics-influenced theoretical approach. She uses her theory to address literary, aesthetic, and other types of values, attempting to discern whether any objective standards may be applied. Other works include "Poetic Closure: A Study of How Poems End", "Belief and Resistance: Dynamics of Contemporary Intellectual Controversy", and an edition of Shakespeare's sonnets; she has published numerous books and articles on language, literature, and critical  theory. In recent years she has been doing considerable work on science and the humanities, including "Scandalous Knowledge" and her 2006 Terry lectures at Yale, "Natural Reflections: Human Cognition at the Nexus of Science and Religion."