Ahmad Beg
Ahmad Göde or Gövde Ahmad (; ; ), commonly known as Ahmad Beg or Sultan Ahmad, was a ruler of the Aq Qoyunlu. Ahmad was a grandson of Uzun Hasan and Mehmed the Conqueror through his father and mother side respectively. He was also a son-in-law ("damat") to Bayezid II. Name. According to Turkish sources, he got the nickname "göde" due to his short height. According to the Safavid historian Hasan Beg Rumlu: Early life. In 1474, before Ahmad's birth, his father Ughurlu Muhammad rebelled against Ahmad's grandfather, the then ruling sultan Uzun Hasan, and took refuge  in the Ottoman Empire. Mehmed the Conqueror welcomed Ughurlu and married him to his daughter Gevherhan Sultan. Ahmad was born from this marriage, but hardly knew his father since Ughurlu Muhammad was killed in 1477. He was raised in the Ottoman court where he received the care and attention befitting a claimant to the Aq Qoyunlu throne and a nephew of Bayezid. Indeed, Bayezid felt a strong familial bond with the young prince as he frequently addressed him as his dear son in official correspondence and offered his daughter Aynışah Sultan in marriage for him. The arrival of the embassy  of military commanders and urban notables sent from Diyarbakir by Nur Ali assured Ahmad a broad coalition of support would welcome his return. Ahmad left Constantinople shortly and met Nur Ali and an army of supporters at Erzincan before Rustam's defeat in the summer 1497. Reign. In 1497 he overthrew his cousin Rustam Beg, after returning from exile in Ottoman territory. A month or two later, Rustam attempted to regain his throne with the help of the Qajars in the Ganja region, which costed his life. Meanwhile, he made serious reforms, and even had some great begs executed. Meanwhile  Ayba Sultan in Kerman, made an agreement with the governor of Fars, Purnek Qasim Beg and declared Sultan Ya'qub's son Murad Beg the ruler. However, shortly afterwards, Murad was imprisoned in Rûyindiz castle and Ayba Sultan recognized the rule of Alwand Beg. In December 1497, Ahmad was defeated and killed near Isfahan. After his death, the Aq Qoyunlu empire underwent further disintegration. None of the tribal factions could secure more than provincial recognition of its favored throne-claimant, with the result that three sultans reigned concurrently. Personal life. A copy "Shahnama" (located in Topkapı Palace) dated 1495-1496 AD  was completed for him at Herat. This luxuriously produced illustrated manuscript, with a lacquer painted binding, carries an inscription saying that it was produced for the library of Sultan Ahmad. The fact that its illustrations are in the Aq Qoyunlu style, encourages the thought that Ahmad Beg may have been the "Ahmad Padishah". Ahmad Beg had also 2 daughters and 1 son: