National Police of Ukraine
The National Police of Ukraine (, ; , NPU), often simply referred to as the (), is the national, and the only, police service of Ukraine. It was formed on 3 July 2015, as part of the post-Euromaidan reforms launched by Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko, to replace Ukrainian's previous national police service, the Militsiya. On 7 November 2015 all the remaining "militsiya" were labelled "temporary acting" members of the National Police. The agency is overseen by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. History. Prior to 3 July 2015, law enforcement in Ukraine was carried out directly by the Ministry  of Internal Affairs as the "militsiya". Plans to reform the ministry, which was widely known to be corrupt, had been advocated by various governments and parties, but these plans were never realised. In the aftermath of the 2013–2014 Euromaidan movement and subsequent revolution, the need for reform was acknowledged by all parties. Parliamentary elections were held in October 2014, after which all five of the parties that formed the governing coalition pledged to reform the ministry and create a new national police service. As part of the reforms, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Arsen Avakov, presented plans to reduce the  number of police officers in Ukraine to 160,000 by the end of 2015. The reform plans started with the combination of the ministry's current State Auto Inspection (DAI) and the patrol service in the country's capital Kyiv in summer 2015. This new police patrol received funding from various countries. 2,000 new policemen and women, picked from 33,000 applicants, were recruited to initiate the new service in Kyiv. Officers were American-trained. Upon the launch of Kyiv's new patrol police on 4 July 2015, the "militsiya" ceased all patrolling but continued working at precincts and administrative offices. After  that the new police patrol was rolled out across Ukraine. The organisation was formally established as the National Police on 2 September 2015. By late September 2015, 2,000 new constables were on duty in Kyiv, 800 were on duty in Kharkiv and 1,700 were on duty in the cities of Odesa and Lviv. At this point, the "militsiya" was 152,000 officers strong, and continued to handle most policing across Ukraine. The basic salary of the new police force (almost $400 a month) is about three times as much the basic salary of the former "militsiya"; an attempt to decrease  corruption. The new National Police officially replaced the old "militsiya" on 7 November 2015. On that day, the remaining "militsiya" were labelled "temporarily acting" members of the National Police. The change allowed for them to become members of the National Police after "integrity checks", but they were only eligible if they met the age criteria and went through retraining. This transition period ended on 20 October 2016. In this transition period 26% of police commanders were dismissed and 4,400 policemen and policewomen demoted and the same number of people promoted. Terminology. According to Professor Oleksandr Ponomariv of the Kyiv University 's Institute of Journalism, the correct Ukrainian language term for a police officer is 'politsiyant' "()". This is in contrast to the term 'politseysky' "()", a loan word from the Russian language, commonly used to refer to an officer of the National Police. Ranks are rarely used by the public when addressing police officers in Ukraine; it is more common to hear the term Pan "()" (female - Pani "()" - Ukrainian for mister/miss - used to refer to police officers. Qualifying terms such as 'ofitser' "()" or 'politseiskyi' "()" may also be used in conjunction with these forms of address. Structure and branches. The National Police is  divided into a number of different services. Each force has internal subdivisions. This leaves the police service with a large number of specialised branches which can more specifically target certain types of crime and apply more expert knowledge in the investigation of cases relating to their area of policing. In addition to these specific groups, all police forces retain a majority of officers for the purpose of patrol duty and general law enforcement. The police contains the following subdivisions: In addition, the following special units exist: Equipment. Officers wear a camera that is constantly monitoring their performances. The resulting videos  are posted on social media and broadcast on a reality TV show. Police Day. National Police Day (, ) on 4 July is the professional holiday of the Ukrainian Police. It commemorates the suspension of law enforcement duties by the Militsiya and the establishment of the National Police of Ukraine. It also coincides with the first oath of patrol policemen on Kyiv's Sofia Square. The holiday was introduced and first celebrated on 4 August 2015 and was celebrated on that day ever since until President Petro Poroshenko by decree on 4 April 2018 declared that the holiday should be celebrated annually  on 4 July and become a national holiday. Issues. "Ukrayinska Pravda" collected (from open sources) 64 crimes allegedly committed by Ukrainian police officers from 1 January 2020 until 30 May 2020. Cases ranged from extortion to rape to killings.