Choke valve
In internal combustion engines with carburetors, a choke valve or choke modifies the air pressure in the intake manifold, thereby altering the air–fuel ratio entering the engine. Choke valves are generally used in naturally aspirated engines to supply a richer fuel mixture when starting the engine. Most choke valves in engines are butterfly valves mounted upstream of the carburetor jet to produce a higher partial vacuum, which increases the fuel draw. In heavy industrial or fluid engineering contexts, including oil and gas production, a choke valve or choke is a particular design of valve with a solid  cylinder placed inside another slotted or perforated cylinder. Carburetor. A choke valve is sometimes installed in the carburetor of internal combustion engines. Its purpose is to restrict the flow of air, thereby enriching the fuel-air mixture while starting the engine. Depending on engine design and application, the valve can be activated manually by the operator of the engine (via a lever or pull handle) or automatically by a temperature-sensitive mechanism called an automatic choke. Choke valves are important for naturally-aspirated gasoline engines because small droplets of gasoline do not evaporate well within a cold engine. By restricting  the flow of air into the throat of the carburetor, the choke valve reduces the pressure inside the throat, which causes a proportionally greater amount of fuel to be pushed from the main jet into the combustion chamber during cold-running operation. Once the engine is warm (from combustion), opening the choke valve restores the carburetor to normal operation, supplying fuel and air in the correct stoichiometric ratio for clean, efficient combustion. The term "choke" is applied to the carburetor's enrichment device even when it works by a totally different method. Commonly, SU carburettors have "chokes" that work by  lowering the fuel jet to a narrower part of the needle. Some others work by introducing an additional fuel route to the constant depression chamber. Chokes were nearly universal in automobiles until fuel injection began to supplant carburetors. Choke valves are still common in other internal-combustion engines, including most small portable engines, motorcycles, small propeller-driven airplanes, riding lawn mowers, and normally-aspirated marine engines. Industrial. In heavy industrial or fluid engineering contexts, a choke valve is a particular design of valve that raises and lowers a solid cylinder (called a "plug" or "stem") which is placed inside or  around another cylinder that has holes or slots. The design of a choke valve means fluids flowing through the cage are coming from all sides and that the streams of flow (through the holes or slots) collide with each other at the center of the cage cylinder, thereby dissipating the energy of the fluid through "flow impingement". The main advantage of choke valves is that they can be designed to have a linear relationship between the position of the valve and the flow rate. Heavy-duty industrial choke valves control the flow to a certain flow coefficient (C), which is  determined by how far the valve is opened. They are regularly used in the oil industry. For highly erosive and corrosive fluids, they are often made of tungsten carbide or inconel.