Lipase), kashkaval, and butter are processed manually during the summer months using centuries-old techniques. Gyovren is also located between the Devil's Throat Cave and Yagodinska Cave. There are also a number of guest houses located in the village and open for tourists throughout the year. Gyovren Gyovren (; ) is a village under the municipality of Devin in the Smolyan Province in the southern part of Bulgaria. Geography. Gyovren is located in the Rhodope Mountains on the northern slope of the Trigrad plateau, not far from the Bulgaria–Greece border. It is located 20 km south of the town of Devin 	Gyovren
2037363	Lipase Lipase Lipase (, ) are a family of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats. Some lipases display broad substrate scope including esters of cholesterol, phospholipids, and of lipid-soluble vitamins. and sphingomyelinases; however, these are usually treated separately from conventional" lipases. Unlike esterases, which function in water, lipases "are activated only when adsorbed to an oil–water interface". Lipases perform essential roles in digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids in most, if not all, organisms. Structure and catalytic mechanism. Classically, lipases catalyse the hydrolysis of triglycerides: Lipases are serine hydrolases, i.e. they function by transesterification generating an acyl serine intermediate . Most lipases act at a specific position on the glycerol backbone of a lipid substrate (A1, A2 or A3). For example, human pancreatic lipase (HPL), converts triglyceride substrates found in ingested oils to monoglycerides and two fatty acids. A diverse array of genetically distinct lipase enzymes are found in nature, and they represent several types of protein folds and catalytic mechanisms. However, most are built on an alpha/beta hydrolase fold and employ a chymotrypsin-like hydrolysis mechanism using a catalytic triad consisting of a serine nucleophile, a histidine base, and an acid residue, usually aspartic acid. Physiological distribution. Lipases  are involved in diverse biological processes which range from routine metabolism of dietary triglycerides to cell signaling and inflammation. Thus, some lipase activities are confined to specific compartments within cells while others work in extracellular spaces. Genes encoding lipases are even present in certain viruses. Some lipases are expressed and secreted by pathogenic organisms during an infection. In particular, "Candida albicans" has many lipases, possibly reflecting broad-lipolytic activity, which may contribute to the persistence and virulence of "C. albicans "in human tissue. Human lipases. Other lipases include , , , , , , , , , and . Uses. In the commercial sphere, lipases are widely used in laundry  detergents. Several thousand tons per year a produced for this role. Lipases are catalysts for hydrolysis of esters and are useful outside of the cell, a testament to their wide substrate scope and ruggedness. The ester hydrolysis activity of lipases has been well evaluated for the conversion of triglycerides into biofuels or their precursors. Lipases are of course chiral, which means that they can be used for the enantioselective hydrolysis prochiral diesters. Several procedures have been reported for applications in the synthesis of fine chemicals. ILipases are generally animal sourced, but can also be sourced microbially. Biomedicine. Blood tests for  lipase may be used to help investigate and diagnose acute pancreatitis and other disorders of the pancreas. Measured serum lipase values may vary depending on the method of analysis. Lipase assist in the breakdown of fats in those undergoing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). It is a component in Sollpura (Liprotamase). References. 25. Gulzar, Bio-degradation of hydrocarbons using different bacterial and fungal species. Published in international conference on biotechnology and neurosciences. CUSAT (cochin university of science and technology), 2003 Lipase Lipase (, ) are a family of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats. Some lipases display broad substrate scope including