Martin Dzúr
Martin Dzúr (12 July 1919 – 15 January 1985) was a Slovak military officer and a communist politician, who served as defense minister from 1968 to 1985. Early life and education. Dzúr was born in Ploštín (now part of Liptovský Mikuláš), Slovakia, on 12 July 1919. His parents were peasants. From 1937 to 1939 he studied woodworking. In the late 1940s he graduated from a military school, a higher academic course and the General Staff Academy in Moscow. Career and activities. Dzúr joined the Slovak army for military draft service in 1941. However, he left the Slovak army and  defected to the Soviet Union in January 1943. He joined both the Soviet forces and the illegal Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1943. Then he began to serve in the 119th brigade of the Red Army. Following World War II he became a captain in the Soviet-assisted Czechoslovak independent brigade in 1946. In 1959, Dzúr was made deputy defense minister. He was appointed defense minister under President Ludvík Svoboda in April 1968, replacing Bohumír Lomský in the post. Four months after Dzúr's appointment the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In the immediate aftermath of the invasion, Dzúr  was arrested in his office by two Soviet military officers. Ivan Yershov, Soviet chief of staff during the invasion, stated in 1989 that Dzúr initially refused to take orders from the Soviets, arguing that only Alexander Dubček, leader of the Czechoslovak communist party, could give orders to him. However, Andrei Grechko, the former commander of the Warsaw Pact, told Dzúr on telephone that "if a single Czechoslovak soldier fired so much as one shot, he would personally hang Dzúr from the first tree." Dzúr was allowed only to call Dubček to inform the invasion. On 28 September 1968 Dzúr increased  the number of Czech military areas accessible to Soviet troops. Dzúr was elected to the communist party's central committee in 1971. His term as defense minister ended on 11 January 1985 when he retired from office due to ill health. Milán Václavík replaced him in the post. Views. Dzúr was close to Alexander Dubček. The 1970 CIA report describes Dzúr as a moderate like Dubček. Honours and awards. Dzúr was awarded the highest Soviet prize, the Order of Lenin, in 1983. Death. Only four days after his removal from office Dzúr died of "a long and serious illness" in  Prague on 15 January 1985.