Shandong people
The people of Shandong province or Shandong people () refers to those who are native to Shandong province, the majority (99%) of whom are Han Chinese (100,000,000). They speak various forms of Mandarin dialects such as Jilu, Jiaoliao, and Zhongyuan. There is a small Shandong community in Singapore and Malaysia. Nine-tenths of the early overseas Chinese in Korea also came from Shandong. Minority groups include the Hui and the Manchus. Shandong citizens are also known to have the tallest average height of any Chinese province. As of 2010, 16-to 18-year-old male students in Yantai measured  176.4 cm (5'9.5), while female students measured 164 cm (5'4.5). Many people from Shandong migrated to Northeastern China during the Qing dynasty during a process known as "Chuang Guandong" (literally "Crashing into Guandong" with Guandong being an older name for Manchuria). History. Modern-day Shandong is the location of the Kingdom of Qi (state) During the Warring States Period. It was the last Kingdom to be annexed by the Qin (state) State prior to the beginning of the Qin Dynasty. After the brief 15 year unification by the Qin Dynasty, the empire broke into Eighteen Kingdoms. Present day Shandong was  split into two feudal states, Jiaodong and Jibei. The Han State, headed by Liu Bang, (comprising present-day Sichuan province, Chongqing, and Southern Shaanxi) unified the kingdoms to form the Han Dynasty. After 400 years, the Han Dynasty fell and the empire scattered into the Three Kingdoms period. During this time, present-day Shandong belonged to the Northern State of Cao Wei established by the Warlord Cao Cao. After the disintegration of the Cao Wei Dynasty, the area of present-day Shandong was ruled by the Tuoba Clan of the Xianbei Tribe during the Eastern Wei. The Eastern Wei eventually  fell to the Northern Qi Dynasty which lasted 27 years before it was overtaken by the Northern Zhou of central China.Yang Jian was able to recapture ruling power to the Han Chinese from the Xianbei and establish the Sui Dynasty after centuries of Xianbei rule and division between different states, becoming Emperor Wen of Sui. After unifying the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty paved the way for the Tang Dynasty and many years of prosperity and peace. The Tang Dynasty fell about 300 years after its inception. The empire again, fragmented, this time into many different states  whose borders are roughly the outline of the present day provinces. During this time Shandong was known as the Later Liang (Five Dynasties) Kingdom. Throughout its history, the coastline of Shandong was particularly susceptible to so-called Wokou Pirates. After the Second Opium War the Treaty of Tianjin (1858) forced the Manchu Qing Empire, ruled by the Manchu to open more ports to Western Nations. As a result, there were considerable foreign settlements by the British, Germans, Americans, and Russians in Shandong cities during the 18th Century. For 20 years prior to the end of World War I, the Germans  controlled Shandong. After the defeat of Germany in WWI by the Allied forces, the cities of Chefoo and Tsingtao were handed to the Japanese who used the port cities for their summer fleets. This led to the Shandong Problem which added to the ignition of the May Fourth Movement and the New Culture Movement— paving the way for the birth of modern China. Cuisine. Shandong cuisine is one of the "8 Great Regional Cuisines" of China. It is noted for uses of seafood, vinegar, and garlic. Since Shandong is located in fertile plains, it is a main wheat-growing area  in China. People in Shandong enjoy eating foods made of wheat flour as staple food. It is commonly said that Shandong people like to eat big pan-cakes stuffed with scallions or minced meat when they eat three meals a day. Shandong cuisine is generally salty, with a prevalence of light-color sauces, and features adept skill in slicing. Shandong cuisine is representative of Northern Chinese cooking and its techniques have been widely absorbed by the imperial dishes of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Culture. Evidence of the Beixin culture (5300 BC to 4100 BC), the Dawenkou culture (4100 BC to  2600 BC) and the Longshan Culture (3000 BC to 2000 BC) was found in Shandong province, which provides evidence that comparatively advanced handcraft industry, agriculture and animal husbandry was prevalent in Shandong 4000 to 7000 years ago. Additionally, Shandong is home to some of the oldest Chinese inscriptions: Dawenkou Pottery Inscription and Longshan Pottery Inscription; the largest prehistoric settlement found to date: Chengziya () Archeological Site; the oldest section of the Great Wall in China: the Great Wall of Qi State; Huantai County Oracle Bone Script, among the oldest found in China, were all found in Shandong. According to the research  of archaeologists, Shandong was the main hub for silk manufacture from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, and it was the start of the ancient Silk Road.