Amsteltram
Amsterdam tram line 25, also known as the Amsteltram, is a tram line between Amsterdam Zuid station in Amsterdam and Westwijk in Amstelveen. It officially opened on 13 December 2020 (unofficially 4 days earlier on 9 December). Work is underway to extend the Amsteltram further south to the municipality of Uithoorn. The tram line replaced metro line 51 (a.k.a. the "Amstelveenlijn"), a light rail line ("sneltram") that ceased running south of Amsterdam Zuid station on the 3 March 2019 in order to convert it for low-floor trams. Tram line 5 shares the stops with line 25 between Zuid  station and Oranjebaan stations. Line 5 had also shared the same tracks with metro line 51, the former using low-level platforms for regular trams, and the latter using high-level platforms (since demolished). The Amsteltram project website presents the route as two sections. The northern section, between Amsterdam Zuid station and Westwijk in Amstelveen, retains the "Amstelveenlijn" name, the suffix "lijn" meaning line. The section south of Westwijk to Uithoorn, phase 2 of the project, is called the "Uithoornlijn". News releases sometimes refer to tram line 25 as the "Amstelveenlijn", given that it almost completely follows the former metro  line 51 route south of Station Zuid through Amstelveen. Out of five names proposed for the line, "Amsteltram" received a plurality of votes from a group of almost 2,500 local residents. Later, the line received its line number. IJtram (line 26) is another Amsterdam tram line with both a name as well as a number. Infrastructure. The northern end of line 25 starts from a turnback track along Strawinskylaan near Beethovenstraat, and proceeds west in a centre reservation to the Station Zuid tram stop opposite Amsterdam Zuid station. After leaving Station Zuid, the line runs south along Parnassusweg, Buitenveldertselaan and  Beneluxbaan (effectively the same north-south street with changes in name) in a centre reservation until Gondel, a street south of the Sportlaan tram stop. The centre reservation keeps the tram line free of road traffic except for level crossings at major street intersections. Tram lines 5 and 25 both serve the tram stops between Station Zuid and Oranjebaan tram stop. South of Oranjebaan, there is a track junction where tram line 5 branches off to terminate at Stadshart. Three line 25 stations (Kronenburg, Zonnestein and Sportlaan) are located below street level in an underpass, thus eliminating the need for  a grade crossing at a major cross-street. (Line 5 also services the Kronenburg and Zonnestein stops.) South of Gondel, the line runs off-street to the end of line at the Westwijk tram stop, with level crossings at streets crossing the tracks. South of the Westwijk terminal stop, the tram line continues a short distance further south to the Legmeerpolder tram storage facility. The Amsteltram uses low-floor trams (type 15G) manufactured in Spain by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF). The trams are bi-directional with a cab at each end of the car to eliminate the  requirement for turning loops. Each tram consists of 5 sections, and is 30 metres long and 2.4 metres wide. The capacity of each tram is 180 passengers including 50 seated. Sixty-three of these trams were ordered. The trams can be coupled to run in pairs. The nose at each end of the tram is shaped so that in the event of a collision, the tram pushes aside the other vehicle rather than trapping it under the tram. The 15G trams assigned to the Amsteltram will be in the red-silver R-net livery rather than the blue-white  GVB livery. The R-net livery will still incorporate the GVB logo. (short for "Randstadnet") is the hallmark for high-order public transport in the Randstad; it also used on the Amsterdam Metro. All other trams in Amsterdam use the GVB livery. A tram storage yard is located south of the Westwijk terminus in Legmeerpolder on the south side of J.C. van Hattumweg. The site has a service building ("dienstgebouw") for GVB personnel and a mixed-use building ("combinatiegebouw") with a rectifier station to convert AC to DC, technical space for minor repairs and storage space. The site has storage  space for 26 trams for the Amstelveenlijn plus 10 for the future Uithoornlijn. The yard has 2,500 metres of track including 11 turnouts. Amstelveenlijn. Background. Dubbed the Amstelveenlijn, Metro line 51 was a combination metro and light-rail ("sneltram") line that ran from Amsterdam Centraal station via Amsterdam Zuid station to Amstelveen. The line opened to Poortwachter in Amstelveen on 2 Dec 1990 and was extended to Westwijk on 13 Sept 2004. The tracks were shared with tram line 5 roughly between De Boelelaan/VU and Oranjebaan stations. There were bi-level platforms along the route: high-level platforms for  metro line 51 and low-level for tram line 5. The tracks ran mainly along a reserved right-of-way in the middle of the street Beneluxbaan with street intersections controlled by traffic lights. On 03 March 2019, metro line 51 service from Amsterdam Zuid station to Amstelveen ended in order to convert the line for low-floor tram operation; metro line 51 was rerouted to terminate at Isolatorweg metro station. Tram line 5 continued operation to Stadshart in Amstelveen. At Amsterdam Zuid station, light-rail trains had to change over from metro mode to tram mode. Heading south, a  light-rail train would raise its pantograph, retract its third-rail shoes and switch voltage from 750V (metro) to 600V (light rail). Also, the train had to retract its boarding plates at each door as light-rail cars were narrower than metro cars. Light-rail service was terminated because the light rail vehicles were old, crowded and prone to breakdowns. The change-over between metro and tram mode was a cause of many malfunctions as the vehicles aged. The design of the line was not ideal for safety, often experiencing collisions. GVB, the operator of the line, expects better reliability  and safety after upgrading the line. The cost of renovating the Amstelveen line is €300 million with the municipality of Amsterdam paying €225 million and the Dutch government paying the remaining €75 million. The estimated cost of the extension to Uithoorn (Uithoornlijn) is €60 million. Conversion. The following is a summary of the work performed to renovate the Amstelveenlijn, and convert it from light-rail to tram operation. At Amsterdam Zuid station, the Amsteltram temporarily terminates at the Station Zuid tram stop on Strawinskylaan on the north side of the railway station. However, as part of  the separate Zuidasdok project (related to the renovation at the railway station), the terminus would be later relocated to a new tram station on Arnold Schönberglaan on the south side of the railway station, which is expected to open in 2031. The platforms at the Station Zuid and Parnassusweg tram stops were lengthened to handle coupled pairs of trams until completion of the terminus on Schönberglaan. (The Parnassusweg stop is just north of the former metro line 51 branch into the Zuid metro station.) Uithoornlijn. The Uithoornlijn is the future southward extension of the Amsteltram from Westwijk in Amstelveen into  the neighbouring municipality of Uithoorn. The extension will follow the abandoned right-of-way of the Bovenkerk – Uithoorn line of the former Haarlemmermeer railway lines. (The steam railway line opened in 1915. Passenger service ended in 1950 and freight service ended in 1972. Most of the line had been scrapped by 1987.) The existing Sacharovlaan and Westwijk tram stops, as well as the Legmeerpolder tram storage yard, are also along that former railway right-of-way. From Westwijk, the extension follows the old railway embankment south across Legmeerpolder to the street Aan de Zoom before curving east to Uithoorn's  village centre, on the Amstel River. The final stop will be near the former Uithoorn railway station which still stands. The extension will be long and will have three stops: A bus-only roadway runs over the former railway right-of-way from Uithoorn Centrum to where the right-of-way curves north. Tram tracks will be added to the roadway to support both buses and trams. The extension will include a bridge over highway N201 at the south end of the embankment over Legmeerpolder, and an underpass to pass under Zijdelweg. The tram line will cross the streets Randweg , Bieslook, Aan de Zoom and Boerlagelaan at grade with each crossing, protected by crossing gates, warning lights and a bell. There will also be warning lights at the stops Aan de Zoom and Uithoorn Station where riders can cross the tracks to access the desired platform. The three new stations will have parking for autos and bicycles. The estimated travel time from Uithoorn Centrum to Amsterdam Zuid station will be 29 minutes. Ninety percent of the addresses in Uithoorn will be within a radius of from a tram stop or a radius of from an connecting bus line. , construction for  the Uithoornlijn is scheduled to start in Q1 2021 in Amstelveen and in Q3 in Uithoorn. Testing of the line should start in Q2 2023, and the extension should go into service in Q3 2024. Timeline. Metro line 51 (a.k.a. the "Amstelveenlijn"), a light rail line ("sneltram"), ceased running on the 3 March 2019 to permit the conversion of the Amsteltram for low-floor trams. Construction of the Legmeerpolder tram storage yard started in September 2018 for completion in August 2020. On 9 March 2020, the new Kronenburg stop was opened. The stop is located in a cut below street  level, and resembles a station with a centre platform with stairs and a glass-walled elevator leading up to street level. Bridges above the stop carry automobile traffic over the tram line via a roundabout. On 25 May, the similarly designed Zonnestein stop opened, and on 7 August, the Sportlaan stop opened. On 11 September 2019, the Amsteltram was given the line number 25 ("Tramlijn 25"). Testing of the line and vehicles started on 17 August 2020. Training of 300 tram operators started in October. Beginning 30 November, a full system test of line was conducted with trams running to  schedule but without passengers. Unofficially, line 25 carried paying passengers starting December 9, 2020 during the system testing period. However, the GVB did not provide any real-time travel information for line 25 during that early opening period. The official opening was 4 days later on 13 December. In mid-January 2021, construction crews started to set up a yard to support construction of the Uithoornlijn, including storage for machines and materials, and to provide work and rest areas for workers. The yard was set up along the old railway right-of-way (to be used by the tram extension ) just south of where it crosses highway N201. By early February 2021, after nearly two months of operation operating, the GVB reported many teething problems with new infrastructure, vehicles and software along the Amsteltram line. Shuttle buses were used twice, once for a power failure at Zuid station and another due to a malfunction on a 15G tram. The resolution of service disruptions often required a technician to arrive onsite from another site. There were problems with signaling at the line 5 junction to Stadshart to set the correct route for a tram; sometimes the tram driver had to  manually set the switch direction with a switch iron. (The GVB would later install signal boxes at switch locations so that a tram operator can change a switch setting with a key.)