Issue 9, 1979 Civil Engineer in South Africa - Volume 21,
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Rockfill and gabions for erosion control
Civil Engineer in South Africa 21, pp 203 –208 (1979)
Channels and embankments may be stabilized with rockfill linings. Rockfill resists high velocities and waves and insulates underlying soil. Criteria for stability of stones in flowing water are established. Friction loss of water flowing over rockfill is evaluated. The velocity reduction in rockfill is of use in reducing erosion of underlying soil and for minimizing the effect of wave action. Head loss due to cascading down stepped gabion slopes can also be employed for erosion control.
Civil Engineer in South Africa 21 (1979)
Kinetics of wastewater treatment
A review of university campus transportation problems
Civil Engineer in South Africa 21, pp 209 –214 (1979)
This paper surveys the transportation problems of and planning for universities in the Republic of South Africa. The transportation problems referred to are problems of access to and egress from the campus, internal circulation on the campus (whether vehicular or pedestrian) and parking on the campus. A massive amount of overseas research into campus transportation planning is available. Little has been done in South Africa. In particular there is a shortage of intercampus comparative information.
Universities in the Republic of South Africa were asked to rank in priority order a series of problem statements. Using their replies as a base, a questionnaire was drawn up which was posted to all 11 white universities and the Universities of Durban-Westville and the Western Cape. Information requested included population figures in various staff / student and resident / commuter categories, parking demand and provision, modal split, public transport supply and use, and measures to cope with future increase in traffic. Visits were paid to most of the universities; planning and administrative staff were interviewed. Overseas information which could make a contribution to a better understanding of the South African situation was gathered by means of a questionnaire survey and a literature survey. This information was critically assessed on its applicability to South African needs.
From this mass of information, factors that influence campus transportation problems are seen to emerge. In the light of this understanding, generalized solutions that are proposed from time to time for the transportation problems at particular universities are commented on. The need is clear for a carefully integrated package of solutions to be applied to the transportation problems of any campus; manipulation of only one or two of the factors will certainly not be successful and might even produce unexpected results. It is also stressed that the unique character and circumstances of each campus must be appreciated before any solution derived from experience at other campuses or from &apos;average campus&apos; circumstances is contemplated.
Hierdie referaat ondersoek die vervoerprobleme van en beplanning vir Suid-Afrikahnse universiteite. Die vervoer probleme waarna verwys word is probleme van toegang tot en uitgang vanaf die kampus, interne sirkulasie op die kampus (motors of voetgangers) en parkering op die kampus. &apos;n Groot hoeveelheid buitelandse navorsing in kampusvervoerbeplanning is beskikbaar. Baie min navorsing is tot dusver in Suid-Afrika gedoen; daar is veral &apos;n gebrek aan vergelykende interkampus inligting.
Universiteite in Suid-Afrika was versoek om &apos;n aantal probleempunte in orde van belang te plaas. Hierdie inligting is as basis gebruik vir die opstel van &apos;n vraelys wat toe aan al 11 blanke universiteite en die Universiteite van Durban-Westville en Wes-Kaap gestuur is. lnligting aangaande die getalle personeellstudent en koshuislpendelaar kategorieë, aanvraag en voorsiening van parkering op kampusse, modus-verdeling, gebruik en voorsiening van publieke vervoer en maatreëlswat getref word met die oog op die toekomstige toename in kampus verkeer is versoek. &apos;n Aantal van die universiteite is besoek en besprekings gevoer met die beplannings- en administratiewepersoneel. lnligting verkry vanuit die buiteland namens &apos;n vraelys en literatuur opmeting is noukeurig ondersoek vir toepassing in Suid-Afrika.
Faktore wat kampusvervoerprobleme beïnvloed kom te voorskyn uit hierdie massa inligting. Met inagneming hiervan word daar kommentaar gelewer op die veralgemeende oplossings wat van tyd tot tyd voorgestel word vir vervoerprobleme by spesifieke universiteite. Dit is duidelik dat daar &apos;n behoefte is vir &apos;n sorgvuldige integreerde samestelling van oplossings om toegepas te word op die vervoer probleme van enige kampus. Om net een of twee van hierdie faktore afsonderlik te manipuleer sal nie suksesvol wees nie en die uitwerking kan onverwagse en onwenslike resultate lewer. Dit word beklemtoon dat die unieke karakter en omstandighede van elke kampus waardeer moet word voordat enige oplossing, wat verkry is deur ondervinding op ander kampusse of die &apos;gemiddelde kampus&apos; omstandighede, beoog word.