Potato pancake
Potato pancakes are shallow-fried pancakes of grated or ground potato, matzo meal or flour and a binding ingredient such as egg or applesauce, often flavored with grated garlic or onion and seasoning. They may be topped with a variety of condiments, ranging from the savory (such as sour cream or cottage cheese), to the sweet (such as apple sauce or sugar), or they may be served plain. The dish is sometimes made from mashed potatoes to make pancake-shaped croquettes. Some variations are made with sweet potatoes. In different cultures. Potato pancakes are associated with various European  cuisines, including German and Austrian (as ', ', ', ' and '), Dutch (as ', ', '), Belarusian (as '), Bulgarian (as '), Czech (as ' or '), Hungarian (as ', and other names), Jewish (as ', , ', plural '), Latvian (as '), Lithuanian (as '), Luxembourg ('), Polish (as '), Romanian (as "tocini" or "tocinei"), Russian (as '), Slovak (as '), Ukrainian (as ") and any cuisine that has adopted similar dishes. It is the national dish of Belarus and Slovakia. In Germany, potato pancakes are eaten either salty (as a side dish) or sweet with apple sauce, or blueberries, sugar and cinnamon; they are a very common menu item during outdoor markets and festivals in colder seasons (especially at Christmas markets ). In Swiss cuisine, is a variation that never contains egg or flour. American hash browns are also without eggs and flour. Potato pancake is a traditional favorite in the southern parts of Indiana during holiday festivities. Swedish ', ', ' and '. There are four Swedish versions of potato pancakes. All four variants are traditionally served with fried unsmoked bacon and lingonberry jam. British potato cakes. Potato cakes are common in the United Kingdom. In the North-East of England (particularly County Durham), there is a dish known as "tattie fish", because the pancake resembles a deep fried piece of fish. The pancake consists  of flour, eggs, shredded potatoes and onions. Some people add tomato or cheese to the mix, depending on taste. The British also brought the potato pancake to former colonies such as Zimbabwe. They are still eaten today, where they are an affordable dish. Irish "boxty". A form of potato pancake known as "boxty" () is a popular traditional dish in most of Ireland, particularly north Connacht and southern Ulster. It is made similarly to the British type, with more starch and often with buttermilk and baking soda. It has a smooth, grained consistency. Jewish "latke". Latkes (, sometimes spelled "latka") are potato  pancakes that Ashkenazi Jews have prepared as part of the Hanukkah festival since the mid-1800s, based on an older variant of the dish made without potatoes that goes back to at least the Middle Ages. Latkes need not necessarily be made from potatoes. Prior to the introduction of the potato to the Old World, latkes were and in some places still are made from a variety of other vegetables, cheeses, legumes, or starches, depending on the available local ingredients and foods of the various places where Jews lived. Numerous modern recipes call for the addition of ingredients such as onions  and carrots. Daily variations on a simple potato latka might include zucchini, sweet onion and gruyere (for French onion flavor) and some variations made with sweet potatoes. The word itself is derived (via Yiddish) from the East Slavic word , , a diminutive from (), "small pancake". The word (), the Hebrew name for latke, refers in the Book of Samuel to a dumpling made from kneaded dough, as part of the story of Amnon and Tamar. Some interpreters have noted that the homonym () means "heart", and the verbal form of l-v-v occurs in the Song of Songs as well. In the  lexicon of Ashkenazi Jews from Udmurtia and Tatarstan there are recorded versions of the kosher-style appellation of latkes ("draniki", "dranki", "krezliki", "kremzliki", "kakorki", etc.) during the eight-day Hanukkah holiday. Korean "gamja-jeon". "Gamja-jeon" () is a Korean pancake made by pan-frying in oil the mixture of grated potato and potato starch. It can be made without additional ingredients, but is sometimes mixed with onion, chilli and perilla leaf. Generally, it is seasoned with a small amount of salt and served with soy sauce. Polish ". Potato pancakes, literally translated in Polish as "", are often served in Poland topped  with meat sauce, pork crisps or goulash, as well as sour cream, apple sauce, mushroom sauce, and cottage or sheep's cheese or even fruit syrup. "Placki ziemniaczane" was a food staple at the 17th-century Polish monasteries according to written recipe from Stoczek Warmiński with one onion, two eggs and a spoonful of wheat flour per each kilogram of potatoes, served only with salt and pepper. In the 19th century, especially in times of economic difficulty during the foreign partitions, potato pancakes often replaced missing bread among the peasants. The lower-quality crops given to field laborers were sometimes  turned by them quickly into pancakes to improve taste and prolong freshness. Also, their popularity is closely associated with the historic presence of one of the largest Jewish communities in the world flourishing in Poland. The largest potato pancake (possibly in the world), measuring 2 meters and 2 centimeters, was made during the annual two-day celebrations of "" (Plinza Dawn festival) in Rzechta, Poland ("see photo"). The tongue-in-cheek games in Rzechta include the throwing of bad potato pancake, with the record of 29 meters. Brigand's pancake. A derived dish consists of thick goulash laid on a potato  pancake. It has origins in or near Tatra mountains, on either Polish or Slovak side. The dish bears a variety of names: Czech ". A Czech potato pancake is called ' (from ', potato) and it is made of grated potatoes with egg, breadcrumbs or flour and seasoning (salt, pepper, most importantly garlic and marjoram; sometimes ground, cracked or whole caraway seeds) and is served as it is. Some regional versions blend in dough, sauerkraut or sliced smoked meat. The same potato dough is used also as coating of fried pork chop called ". It is sometimes deep fried. Iranian. In Iranian cuisine, (, 'potato  ') is made with shredded potatoes, eggs, onion, saffron, sometimes garlic chives and sometimes cinnamon. Frequently, potato kuku is cooked as smaller patties, but it is also cooked in a larger pancake-style or baked. This dish has been compared to the , and (Spanish omelette).