Izinyoni zitholakala e-Australia, eMelika noma eNew Guinea, kodwa zingagcinwa emhlabeni wonke futhi zikhule zibe yi-100 ubudala. Kodwa ingabe isimo sengqondo se-parrot siyindlela ehlukile kunezinja, amakati noma i-pig Guinea? nightingale was an advocate for the improvement of care and conditions in the military and civilian hospitals in britain. one of her biggest achievements was the introduction of trained nurses into the workhouse system from the 1860s onwards. this meant that sick paupers were now being cared for by properly trained nursing staff and was the forerunner of the national health service in britain. by 1882, nightingale nurses had a growing and influential presence in the embryonic nursing profession. some had become matrons at leading hospitals, including, in london, st mary’s hospital, westminster hospital, st marylebone workhouse infirmary and the hospital for incurables at putney, royal victoria hospital, netley; edinburgh royal infirmary; cumberland infirmary and liverpool royal infirmary, as well as at sydney hospital in new south wales, australia. in 1883, nightingale was awarded the royal red cross by queen victoria. in 1904, she was appointed a lady of grace of the order of st john (lgstj) and in 1907, she became the first woman to be awarded the order of merit. in 1908, she was given the honorary freedom of the city of london.