Cao Ying (translator)
Sheng Junfeng (; March 23, 1923 – October 25, 2015), better known by his pen name Cao Ying (), was a Chinese translator. Sheng was one of the main translators of the works of Russian novelists Leo Tolstoy and Mikhail Sholokhov into Chinese. In 1987, he was honored by the Government of the Russian Federation with the Maxim Gorky Literature Prize. He was the only Chinese translator to have won that award. Biography. Born in a wealthy family in Zhenhai County, Kuaiji Dao, Zhejiang in 1923, both his grandfather and father were doctors. His mother, Xu Shujuan (), was a daughter  of an eminent family. His elder maternal cousin, Xu Xu (), was a romantic novelist. And his great-grandfather was the founder of Shengziji Soy Sauce Brewery (), which participated in exhibition on Panama World's Fair in 1915. He graduated from The Lester School and Henry Lester Institute of Technical Education Attached School (), Songjiang School (), and Nantong Agricultural College (). In December 1937, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, he moved to Shanghai with his family to escape the violence, by age 14. In 1938, he started to learn Russian language under a Russian housewife and Jiang Chunfang (), who was a Russian  literature translator and a member of the underground CPC of Shanghai. He wrote under the pen name of Cao Ying in 1941. From 1945 to 1951, he worked as an editor and translator in Time Publishing Company (). In 1956, he worked in Shanghai Writers Association. In 1960, he started to translated "The Complete Works of Leo Tolstoy" into Chinese, at the same year, the Sino-Soviet Rupture, and he was brought to be persecuted. In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, he was regarded as "the agent of Sholokhov" and "a revisionist USSR spy", he suffered political persecution and  he was sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to do farm work. He got gastrorrhagia in 1969 and he fractured his backbone in 1975. After the Chinese economic reform, he was rehabilitated by Deng Xiaoping. He served as vice president of Chinese Translation Association, president of Shanghai Translation Association, vice president of Shanghai Writers Association. He became a professor at East China Normal University and Xiamen University. From 1978 to 1998, he spent 20 years to translate "The Complete Works of Leo Tolstoy" into Chinese. He joined the Russian Writer Association in 2006. Cao died at Huadong Hospital in  Shanghai, on October 25, 2015, at the age of 93.