Peter Girguis
Peter R. Girguis is a professor in the department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, where he leads a lab that studies animals and microbes that live in extreme environments. He and his lab also develop novel underwater instruments such as underwater mass spectrometers. Girguis was the founder and Chief Technology Officer of Trophos Energy from 2010-2012, which focused on commercializing microbial fuel cell technologies. The company was bought by Teledyne Benthos in 2012. Girguis currently serves as a board member of the Ocean Exploration Trust and the Schmidt Marine Technology Partners. Early life and  education. Girguis grew up in Downey, California, which was a hub of the aerospace industry throughout the 1970s. He later attended the University of California Los Angeles, where he worked with Drs. William Hamner and David Chapman. He graduated with a degree in Ecology and Marine Biology. He pursued his doctoral degree at the University of California Santa Barbara, working with Drs. James Childress and Robert Trench. After receiving a Packard Foundation postdoctoral fellowship, he went to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute to work on anaerobic methane oxidation with Dr. Edward Delong. While at MBARI, and with support of  Drs. Edward Delong and Marcia McNutt, he began developing underwater mass spectrometers and deep-sea incubators. Research and career. As a graduate student, Girguis worked with Childress to develop high-pressure aquaria that would mimic the pressures and chemical conditions found around hydrothermal vents. He later incorporated a membrane inlet mass spectrometer to measure changes in dissolved gases within the aquaria. He used this system to publish some of the first, robust measurements of metabolite uptake by the deep sea vent tubeworm "Riftia pachyptila". Through his research Girguis found that Riftia tubeworms and their symbionts are capable of fixing carbon  dioxide at unprecedented rates, and can keep their tissues from becoming acidic by eliminating hydrogen ions at equally unprecedented rates.. He was also the first person to keep vent tubeworms alive in the lab for nearly two months. As an MBARI postdoctoral fellow, Girguis and the members of the Delong lab developed an artificial hydrocarbon seep to grow anaerobic methane oxidizing communities. He found that, when methane and sulfate are sufficient, the anaerobic archaea grow at higher rates than previously measured. Later, as an MBARI research associate, he began developing and deploying microbial fuel cells in collaboration with Dr. Clare  Reimers from Oregon State University. He also began development of an underwater mass spectrometer, with the goal of creating an “open design” instrument that could be built and used by other laboratories. Girguis joined Harvard University in 2005 as an assistant professor in the department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology. Broadly speaking, his lab is interested in how animals and microbes have evolved to thrive in their environments and, in turn, how their metabolic activities shape those environments. As such, the Girguis lab studies the physiological and biochemical adaptations of marine animals and microbes to their environment, their role in  biogeochemical cycles, and their responses to a changing world. He is especially interested in animal-microbial symbioses from the deep-sea vent symbiosis such as "Riftia pachyptila" to the gut microbiomes of baleen whales. He also develops novel deep-sea instruments such as underwater mass spectrometers, microbial fuel cells, and autonomous landers. He also strives to make these tools available to the broader research community, including scientists at institutions of lesser means, with the goal of furthering scientific capabilities around the world. Public engagement. Girguis and his work were highlighted in 2009 film “Dirt! The Movie”. Girguis was also a  featured educator in “Shapiro School”, an online production that featured scientists speaking with children. In addition, Girguis and Mr. Paul McGuinness co-founded the Marine Science Internship Program between the Cambridge Unified School District and Harvard University. As of 2019, he has also been supporting United Nations policy makers as they work towards a new high seas treaty.