Mikhail Vartanov
Mikhail Vartanov (, , ; b. February 21, 1937, RSFSR, Soviet Union, now Russian Federation, d. December 31, 2009, Hollywood, California) was a Soviet cinematographer who made significant contribution to world cinema with the documentary films "" and "Seasons". He is considered an important cinematographer and documentarian of his generation, noted for artistic collaborations with Sergei Parajanov and such influential documentary films as "", "The Seasons" (directed by Artavazd Peleshyan), "The Color of Armenian Land", and a series of essays including "The Unmailed Letters". Early career. Vartanov's debut film, "The Color of Armenian Land", marked the beginning of his trademark style, afterwards  dubbed as the "direction of undirected action." This documentary, featuring a stylized silent commentary by painter Martiros Saryan, also featured Vartanov's friends, the dissident artists Minas Avetisyan and Sergei Parajanov. Due to this the film was censored and suppressed; leading up to Avetisyan's assassination and Parajanov's imprisonment shortly after. Friendship with Sergei Parajanov and the blacklist. Mikhail Vartanov had a close relationship with imprisoned director Sergei Parajanov. He was first acquainted with Parajanov's work in 1964, having watched the latter's film "Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors" and the test footage of the unfinished "Kiev Frescoes" as  a student at Moscow’s Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography. Their lifelong friendship began after they met for the first time in 1967, in Armenia, and discussed the screenplay of "The Color of Pomegranates" (also known as "Sayat Nova"). Vartanov's next film "Autumn Pastoral"—written by Artavazd Peleshyan and scored by composer Tigran Mansurian—was shelved. After Sergei Parajanov was arrested in Kiev in 1973, Vartanov immediately protested to the Prosecutor General of Ukraine. The recently declassified document proved that it was that letter in support of Parajanov that prompted the intensified harassment that Vartanov endured, and his subsequent firing from  the Armenfilm Studios 4 months after Paradjanov's imprisonment. In a letter from prison, Parajanov wrote to Vartanov: "You and your purity are colliding with circumstances and predators… That's life." Cinematographer. Peleshyan and Gennadi Melkonian petitioned the Soviet Russian and Armenian authorities to work with Vartanov, who was by this time blacklisted and unemployed, and he was eventually allowed to participate as a cinematographer in two essay films: "The Seasons" (also translated as "The Seasons of the Year", 1975) and "The Mulberry Tree" (1979). Essayist. After a 9-year absence from directing, Vartanov was asked to save a troubled  project, "The Roots" (1983) which he later wrote was "the best film made in Armenia that year." During this period he also worked as a university professor of cinema and photography, while publishing his writings. They appeared in several languages, including French, in "Cahiers du cinéma". Later career. For over 20 years, Vartanov's films had been largely suppressed, unmentioned by press, or blocked from submission to foreign film festivals. In a letter to the imprisoned Parajanov, Vartanov wrote, quoting his favorite poet Boris Pasternak: "the time will come and the power of meanness and malice would be overcome by  the spirit of kindness." Parajanov responded to Vartanov: "Dear Misha, I received your amazing letter... Never have you been more accurate in evaluating the world and expressing yourself...". Mikhail Vartanov's last documentary trilogy consisted of "Erased Faces" (1987), "Minas: A Requiem" (1989), and the influential film "" (1992) made in a war-torn, blockaded Armenia during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. Quotes. "In our land, the government manufactures the biography of the Artist. It honors and awards one, for nothing, and it dishonors and imprisons the other -- a wise government -- it desires to turn both into obedient slaves." "Probably, besides  the film language suggested by Griffith and Eisenstein, the world cinema has not discovered anything revolutionarily new until the 'Color of Pomegranates,' not counting the generally unaccepted language of the 'Andalusian Dog' by Bunuel." Legacy. Parajanov-Vartanov Institute was established in Hollywood in 2010 to study, preserve and promote the artistic legacies of Sergei Parajanov and Mikhail Vartanov.