Austin D-Series engine
The Austin D and K series engines are a straight-six engine made by the British Austin Motor Company between 1939 and 1968. It was developed initially for the lorry market; but was used in a number of automobiles in its later life. It was an overhead valve non-crossflow cylinder head design. Both block and head were made out of cast iron. All engines had a forged four main bearing crankshaft. The engine was developed under the close watch of Austin chief Leonard Lord. The design was inspired by the Chevrolet Stovebolt engine which was  an inline six cylinder engine that was used by General Motors British subsidiary Bedford Vehicles. In the late 1930s, when rival Austin decided to get into the 2-3 ton payload lorry market and in a crash development programme based the design on the basic architecture of this "Stove Bolt" engine. Austin however made detail improvements to the Chevrolet design. Austin's engineers added detachable shell main and connecting rod bearings and pressurized lubrication. The initial design had a engine displacement of 3460cc. During the Second World War, Austin increased the bore and stroke to enlarge it into a 3991cc  engine which produced 87 bhp. The larger engine was put in military trucks beginning in1940. Both engine sizes were in production after the war. When the carburettor was changed from Zenith to Stromberg, it produced 100 bhp. Truck engines had K designations and car engines had D designations Applications. The engine was first used in the Austin K30 light truck and Austin K2/Y military ambulance 1939. After the war, it continued to power the later Austin Loadstar 1-ton truck and the 4x4 variant K9. Post war, it went on to power a number of cars such as the  Austin Sheerline and Princess luxury vehicles, Jensen Interceptor and Jensen 541. The last car to have it was the 1968 DM4 Vanden Plas Princess Limousine. There were four cylinder engines based on the D-Series six cylinder engine in various capacities using common parts from 2199-2660cc petrol to 2178-2520cc diesel. They powered cars such as the Austin 16, A70 Hampshire and Hereford, A90 Atlantic, the Austin-Healey 100-4 and the Austin Gipsy, a generation of commercial vans, as well as some models of the iconic London black taxi such as the Austin FX3 and Austin FX4. At  some point during Michael Edwardes reconstruction of British Leyland, the plant producing the engine was sold off to Standard Motor Products of India where it was used to power a locally-built Standard Atlas based commercial van known as the Standard Twenty and planned for use in the Standard 2000 (a rebadged Rover SD1), later being re-imported from India to be used in the refurbished Carbodies version of the Austin FX4 known as the FX4Q during the 1980s.