Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat
The orbiculus leaf-nosed bat ("Hipposideros orbiculus"), also known as the orbiculus roundleaf bat and small disc roundleaf bat, is a species of bat from the family Hipposideridae. The species has been found on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia and on peninsular Malaysia. Taxonomy. The orbiculus leaf-nosed bat was described as a new species in 1999. The holotype had been collected in Abai Siat, which is southeast of Kota Bharu on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is cryptic species with the Ridley's leaf-nosed bat, though the two can be differentiated based  on their echolocation characteristics: the frequencies of the two species' calls differ by 19 kHz. Description. Its forearm length is . Its tail is long and its ears are long. It echolocates at around 80 kHz. Range and habitat. The orbiculus leaf-nosed bat has been documented in three areas: West Sumatra of Indonesia, near Rawang, Selangor of Malaysia, and Sungkai Wildlife Forest Reserve, which is also in Malaysia. Conservation. As of 2015, the orbiculus leaf-nosed bat is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List because of its small extent of occurrence and continuing decline of the  extent and quality of its habitat, as well as its population. From 2008–2015, it was listed as an endangered species. The reevaluation from endangered to vulnerable occurred because its extent of occurrence was recalculated to ; this is no longer under the threshold of required to qualify as endangered under the IUCN's criteria. The orbiculus leaf-nosed bat is a terrestrial species that prefers lowland rainforests, and its habitat is degrading due to logging, agriculture, infrastructure development, plantations, and forest fire.