DD National
DD National (formerly DD1) is a state-owned public entertainment television channel in India. It is the flagship channel of Doordarshan, India's public service broadcaster, and the most widely available terrestrial television channel in India. History. 1959 to 1982: Beginning. On 15 September 1959, at the studio of All India Radio, Delhi, the first TV channel in India started an experimental telecast with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio, adopting the brand "Doordarshan", Hindi for television. Until 1965, AIR was responsible for the programming production and overall control over content, as the television service began to  assume overall production. "Krishi Darshan", "Chaupaal", "Doordarshan Samachar", and "Kalyani" were among the first generation of programmes produced for the channel. 1982 to 1992: Golden Years. On 15 August 1982, Doordarshan introduced a national telecast service from its own TV studio in Mandi House, New Delhi. On 9 August 1984, as Doordarshan launched its second channel for the metro/urban audience, 'DD2', the existing first channel was renamed 'DD1' and started regular transmission. In the same year, DD1 started telecast of sponsored TV serials, which were produced by veteran filmmakers. DD1's "Hum Log" was the first sponsored TV serial  of Indian television and started airing with its series premiere on 7 July 1984. After the success of "Hum Log", many other TV producers and filmmakers produced many memorable series aired on DD. Some of them, together with the acquired foreign language programming of the period, were "Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi", "Buniyaad", "Malgudi Days", "Shrikant", "Ramayan", "Bharat Ek Khoj", "Mahabharat", "Mirza Ghalib", "The Sword of Tipu Sultan", "Chanakya", "The Great Maratha", "Vishwamitra", "Luv Kush Uttar Ramayan", "Buddha", "Surabhi", "Tiltliyan", "Taaraa", "Star Trek", "Khaandaan", "13 Panne", "Air Hostess", "Waah Janaab", "Tamas", "Vikram Aur Betal", "Tenali Rama", "Kirdaar", "Singhasan Battisi","Guldasta","Mrignayani","Shrikant","Sadgati", "Nukkad", "Lot  Pot", "Mungerilal Ke Haseen Sapne", "Bhim Bhawani", "Kakkaji Kahin", "Paying Guest", "Ados Pados", "Upannyas", "Fauji", "Karamchand", "Byomkesh Bakshi", "Samandar", "Param Veer Chakra", "Wagle Ki Duniya", "Buniyaad", "Kachchi Dhoop", "Chunauti", "Mahanagar", "Phir wahi Talash", "Umeed", "Subah", "Mr. Yogi", "Circus", "Ek Bhool", "Chote Babu", "Yugantar", "Kehkashan", "Yatra", "Rajni", "Street Hawk", "Udaan", "Gaata Jaaye Banjara", "Phool Khile Hain Gulsan Gulsan","Pingu","Circus", "Taaj Mahel", "Khubsuraat", and "Dada Dadi Ki Kahaniya". Many of these productions ended up being high rating successes for DD-1. Of these, "Ramayan" ended up not just being DD-1's most expensive Indian TV drama of the 80s, but also the highest rating  drama of its time. DD National served as the home for NDTV's smash Friday news program "The World This Week" from 1984 to 1995. During those years, DD National also aired NDTV-produced network coverage of federal and state elections and budget deliberations of Parliament. 1992 to 2010: Competition. After the entry of private channels in India, Doordarshan started facing strong competition from Zee TV in 1992. Even though in those days, cable and satellite channels were not easily available, DD1 was still ruling the chart, as it was the only channel available terrestrially. In 1993, Doordarshan revamped both  channels for a stronger competition, as DD National and DD Metro. With the telecast of popular TV shows like "Chandrakanta", "Alif Laila", "Tehkikaat", "Chitrahaar", "Udaan", "Byomkesh Bakshi", "Farmaan", "Katha Sagar", "Neem Ka Ped" and "Chanakya", DD National retained viewers, but Doordarshan Board focused more on its DD Metro Channel, which was aimed to compete with Zee TV. In the meantime, DD Metro became one of the popular destinations of TV viewers with its shows like "Junoon", "Superhit Muquabala", and "Azanabi". Some of the popular shows were also aired on DD National. In 1995, when most of the channels like DD  Metro, Zee TV, Home TV, STAR Plus and Sony TV started focusing on their prime time slots, DD National was still stacked with its role and responsibilities, as at the time it was the only source of news on TV. To provide more entertainment, DD National opened an afternoon slot for housewives, with the telecast of "Shanti". To support the success of "Shanti", many other shows like "Swabhimaan", "Farz", and "Yug" were introduced and all of them were praised. In 1997, Prasar Bharati, the parent body of Doordarshan, was formed. While private channels like Zee TV, STAR Plus and Sony  TV started airing high budget TV serials from top production houses, DD National was still doing the best in afternoon slots with "Kasam", "Itihaas", "Agni", "Aprajita", "Aurat", "Ardhangini", "Sanjog, Deewar", "Aane Wala Pal", "Waqt Ki Raftaar" and other programs. There were a few notable programs like "India's Most Wanted", "Gul Sanobar", "Surabhi", "Noorjahan", "Om namah Shivay", "Jai Ganga Maiya", and "Suraag" in prime time, but those were not enough to give competition to private channels. In the late 1997, DD National started airing Mukesh Khanna's "Shaktimaan", which was the blockbuster TV serial in Indian history. In 2000, after  tasting success with "India's Most Wanted", "Jasoos Vijay" and "Suraag" in prime time, Prasar Bharati decided to revamp both channels, and many new serials were introduced on DD National, but very few of them were successful because of a limited prime time slots of 9 to 10:30, compared to 8 to 11 for other channels. New channels like Sahara TV and SAB TV were also performing better than DD channels in prime time. In 2002, DD offered its time slots to popular filmmakers and got some popular shows of the time. Ramanand Sagar's "Aankhen", BR Chopra's "Aap  Beeti", Adhikaari Brothers "CID Officer", Kiran Bedi's "Galti Kiski", and Time's "Dishayen" were telecast on the channels and prized by viewers. In 2003, when DD Metro Channel was converted into DD News, Prasar Bharati focused on its DD national channels, and shows like "Meher", "Miss India", Shikwah, "Kayamat", "Kaanch", and "Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani" were introduced. "Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani" achieved unprecedented ratings and became DD National's biggest blockbuster during this period. In 2005, "Hawayein" starring Ravi Kishan and Malini Kapoor became one of the most popular shows and also won a title of Best  TV Serial of the Year at the ITA Awards. In this period, DD introduced many popular serials like "Air Hostess", "Wo Huye Na hamare", "Kyunki Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai", "Tum Dena Sath Mera", "Hari Mirchi lal Mirchi", "Soni Mahiwaal", "Wheel Smart Shrimati", "Krazzy Kiya Re", "Chandramukhi", "Jo Kahunga Sach Kahunga", "Tahreer Munshi Premchand Ki", and "Kashmkash Zindagi Ki". 2010 to 2020: Loss of prominence. At prime time, DD was still not able to compete with private channels, and it also started losing its peak position in afternoon slots to re-runs on other channels. In 2012, DD started airing  Ekta Kapoor's "Pavitra Bandhan", Sanjay Leela Bhansali's "Saraswatichandra" and a few other serials. In 2013, it reduced its window for regional telecasts to 4 PM-7 PM, and stopped airing news at night, which added one and a half hour to its prime time. To enrich the new four-hour long prime time, DD brought TV serials like "Gora", "Bharat Ki Shaan", Baba Aazmi's "Yeh Kaha Aa Gaye Hum", "Dil Jo Kah Na Saka", and Sanjeev Kapoor's "Chef Ki Rasoi". It also launched a campaign for its afternoon slots, DD Dophar Aapke Ghar, by airing serials like  Amrita, "Anudamini", "Aisa Prem Kahan", and "Chupau Kaise Laaga Chunari Me Daag". In November 2014, Prasar Bharati relaunched DD National as 'Desh Ka Apna Channel' with a new theme and serials like "Happy Homes", "Khwabon Ke Darmiyaan", "Khamosh Sa Afsaana", "Dard Ka Rishta", Shama, "Paltan", "Stree Shakti", "Zindagi Ek Bhanwar", and "Janmon Ka Bandhan". Initially, these shows did better, but later, as TRP fell in 2016, Prasar Bharati decided to go for a slot sale policy and invited bids from makers for its 7 PM to 11 PM slot. Afternoon slots in 2016 aired serials like "Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule", "U -turn", and "Munidhar". However, the strategy was not enough for its revival. In late 2016, the slot sale policy of DD was put on hold by the government. Although many production houses like Balaji Telefilms and SaaiBaba Telefilms had won slots for airing their programs, it could not be commenced as the policy was reported for review. From 2017, Doordarshan has been repeating programs from its library and does not telecast any new serial. 2020 to present. Due to COVID-19, when all other TV Channels were stopped shooting for fresh episodes of their serials, Doordarshan decided to re-telecast its  blockbuster drama programming from the 1980s and 1990s. DD National telecasted repeats of Ramanand Sagar's Ramayana, Uttar Ramayana, Shri Krishna, Mukesh Khanna's Shaktimaan, Shrimaan Shrimati, Shahrukh Khan's Circus, Byomkesh Bakshi, Chanakya, Dekh Bhai Dekh, The Jungle Book and many more. At the same time its sister channel DD Bharati telecasted BR Chopra's Mahabharata, Sai Baba, Alif Laila, BR Chopra's Vishnu Puran and many more hit series. This move turned out to be a "Magic Lamp" for the Doordarshan network, as the rerun broadcasts for these serials broke all TRP records. First episode of Ramayana gained  highest TRP since 2015 for all Hindi TV Channels of All categories. DD National instantly became #1st in TRP chart and with its shows Ramayana and Shaktimaan were on #1st and #5th in Ratings. Note that, since 2010's DD National was out of top 10 in Hindi GEC Ratings. After Ramayana, Uttar Ramayan and Shri Krishna too enjoyed #1 Rank in BARC TRP Charts. Its sister channel DD Bharati, which was even not in notice since its inception in 2000, became 5th most-watched TV Channel in TRP Charts, with Mahabharata became #2 on TRP Charts. Following the success  of the reruns, DD National finally regained its status as the country's number 1 station. Bolstered by high ratings of the programming repeats Doordarshan launched DD Retro on 13 April 2020, with its library mainly composed of many of Doordarshan's legendary drama series. Notable Anchors. Over its long journey, being India's biggest public broadcaster, DD National has had a long list of notable anchors. Many on whom are widely recognised faces, distinguished personalities and also people known for their contribution to news and media as well as for their role in popularising Indian art and culture. Sports  broadcasting. Usually, all One Day and Twenty20 international cricket matches involving or hosted by India are shown live on DD National. It also broadcast the 2014 Men's Hockey World Cup matches involving India, and also the semi-final and final matches. The ICC Champions Trophy was also broadcast by DD National. These matches are broadcast under compulsory simulcasts from pay television rightsholders such as Star Sports, under laws requiring sporting events of national importance to be simulcast by DD National. In 2017, in response to complaints by Tata Sky, the Supreme Court of India ruled that these simulcasts are  only allowed to be carried by on the free-to-air terrestrial and DD Free Dish, and that DD National must be blacked out on pay television providers in defense of the pay-television rightsholder when such events are broadcast. Since then, Prasar Bharati decided to telecast Cricket Matches only on DD Sports Channel, and since then all matches were telecasted on DD Sports channel, but only on DD Freedish, DTT mode with different feed named DD Sports 2.0. Editorial independence. The idea of autonomy for the government-controlled Doordarshan was first mooted when the Janata Party came to power  in 1977, in the aftermath of Emergency when the Doordarshan ended up as the government's mouthpiece. The idea was revived when the Janata Dal took office in 1989. The following governments showed no interest in autonomy despite making politically correct noises about autonomy.