Palavandishvili
Palavandishvili () is a Georgian aristocratic family, known from the 12th/13th century and received among the princely nobility of Imperial Russia as Princes Palavandov () in the 19th century. Last name "Palavandishvili" means a warrior. When Georgia had a war, they agreed with their enemy not to shed one's blood and to choose one of their chosen warriors and to fight one on one. After a great battle of two magnificent warriors, Palavandishvili won and inculcated the name of warrior. According to Cyril Toumanoff, dynastic patronymic of this family – Palavandishvili literally translates as “the sons of Palavandi” – betrays their connection  with the Armenian house of Pahlavuni of ancient Arsacid (Parthian) stock; and the family legend of migration may be a vague memory of the Palavandishvili's Pahlavid descent. The Palavandishvili first established themselves in Akhaltsikhe in south Georgian province of Samtskhe which fell to the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. Most of them then fled northward, in the kingdom of Kartli; those who remained in Samtskhe apostatized to Islam. In Kartli, the family were confirmed in princely rank (tavadi) and received a hereditary fief – known as Sapalavando – in the Prone valley the latter being their offshoot. In the contemporary  aristocratic hierarchy, the Palavandishvili were grandees of the first class and vassals to the Princes of Mukhrani. After the Russian annexation of Georgia they were confirmed as princes of the Russian Empire in 1825 and 1850 and they made many marriage with Russian noble families members They are also relative of Khimshiashvili dynsaty.