Patriot Party (1970s)
Founding. The Patriot Party was founded in 1970 after infighting among members of the leftist Young Patriots Organization in Chicago. The group sought to improve the condition of disadvantaged whites, particularly recent immigrants, drug-users, the unemployed, welfare-recipients, blue-collar workers, and "dislocated hillbillies" who had left Appalachia. The Patriot Party was a member of the original Rainbow Coalition, formed by Fred Hampton of the Black Panther Party and others to create a broad-based, multi-racial political coalition. It formed after the United Front Against Fascism conference held in Oakland, California in 1969. The coalition  included the Young Lords, the Brown Berets and I Wor Kuen. Hampton's intention was to have multi-ethnic gangs working together to accomplish peaceful solutions, rather than battling each other. Strategies. The Patriot Party borrowed strategies of community organizing from the Black Panthers. For instance, they established a Free Breakfast for Children program. They established "liberation schools" to teach their ideology to children. The Eugene, Oregon chapter, location of the University of Oregon, garnered much community support with their "Free Lumber" program. At this time in the Northwest, some poor people still relied on wood-stoves for cooking and  heating, and cheap wood was hard to come by. The Patriot Party believed that whites would abandon racist beliefs after identifying the capitalist system as their true enemy. Use of the Confederate flag. Despite its association with white supremacism, the Patriot Party used the Confederate flag as a symbol. In addition to easy access at military surplus stores, the flag was used, according to Amy Sonnie and James Tracy, "as a symbol of southern poor people's revolt against the owning class." Buttons with the slogan "Resurrect John Brown" - a reference to the avowed abolitionist - were also commonly used. Pamphlets  contained slogans such as "The South will rise again, only this time with the North and all the oppressed people of the world." Downfall and legacy. In 1970 the FBI arrested the entire central committee of the Patriot Party and charged them with various felonies. They later dropped the charges but, by the mid-1970s, the FBI's COINTELPRO program had effectively suppressed the organization. The group was also strongly opposed by far-right white militias. In 1982 the civil rights activist Jesse Jackson adopted the name of "Rainbow Coalition" for organizing multi-ethic groups to support and vote for liberal  (generally Democratic) candidates for public office, in order to strengthen minority voices by acting in collaboration.