Italian submarine chaser Albatros
Albatros was a submarine chaser of the Regia Marina built in 1930s which served during World War II. Later she was reclassified as a torpedo boat, most likely purely for administrative purposes. Design and description. In late 1920s – early 1930s Regia Marina was interested in developing a designated anti-submarine vessel. "Albatros" was the first experimental project offered and accepted for production with the original plan calling for construction of 25 ships. The preliminary study for the project was conducted in 1929 and was influenced by the hull shapes of contemporary coastal torpedo boats and envisaged  a pair of 450 mm torpedo tubes installed in the bow of the ship. As Italy was bound by the terms of London Naval Treaty, which only limited the number of ships above 600t, these ships were designed with this limit in mind. The prototype turned out to be rather unsuccessful, due to poor seaworthiness outside of coastal areas, difficulty in operating and maintenance of her steam propulsion turbines, poor and outdated armament etc., and the project was canceled, with development shifting onto a bigger boat (future "Pegaso" class escorts) with better armament, and easier to use engines. The  torpedo tubes were never installed. One has to wonder, if politics played a significant role in this decision. The majority in the government (but minority of the Regia Marina) favored development of capital ships, so allocated resources went mainly into this area, including unnecessary rebuilding of old era heavy cruisers, or extending their service, but reducing financing to scientific and technical developments, and production of ammunition. In 1935 "Albatros" was reclassified as a second-line ship, and was assigned to Regia Marina's naval experimental unit at La Spezia. Construction and career. "Albatros" was launched on 27 May 1934, after  3 years of construction, commissioned on 10 November 1934, entered the service with Regia Marina by the end of 1934. Being almost immediately reclassified as a second-line ship, her more modern /47 caliber cannons were replaced with World War I era /35 caliber ones. In 1937 her 13.2 mm Breda twin anti-aircraft guns were first replaced with 2 single 13.2 mm Breda anti-aircraft guns, and later by 2 single 8 mm machine guns. In June 1939 SAFAR 600 (the first Italian sonar or echo-goniometer) was installed and successfully tested on "Albatros". However, production was halted due  to a need to produce sonars for submarines. The results of sonar tests were actually pretty good, "Albatros" was able to identify targets at 3,000–3,500 m, and sometimes even at 7,000 meters in early 1940. The maximum speed of the ship in these experiments was restricted to 12 knots. With the outbreak of hostilities, "Albatros" was assigned to patrol duty in the Strait of Messina, and these experiments were halted. Strong currents present in the Strait of Messina significantly interfered with the sonar equipment, and its use was severely limited during her active duty. During her short career she was  used for patrol and anti-submarine hunting missions, mainly in the Strait of Messina, and along the eastern coast of Sicily and overall performed 57 various missions. "Albatros" also escorted the great transatlantic liner SS Rex on her last voyage on June 6, 1940 from Genoa to Trieste and from there on August 15, to Pula. On June 22, 1940 she was fired upon by an enemy submarine, but was not hit. On July 16, 1940 "Albatros" while patrolling off Augusta was spotted and attacked with two torpedoes by the British submarine . After being able to successfully maneuver and avoid  torpedoes, "Albatros" went on a depth charge attack sinking "Phoenix" with all hands in the position . At 6:40 on September 27, 1941 "Albatross" under command of captain Alessandro Mazzetti left Messina to meet up with the German submarine U-371 and to escort her through the Strait of Messina. At 8:20 British submarine spotted "Albatros" off Milazzo and decided to attack. "Albatros" detected the submarine and started closing in trying to ping the submarine's position. At 8:55, when the Italian ship came in for the second pass, "Upright" launched two torpedoes from approximately 2,750 meters away. One torpedo hit "Albatros  while the British submarine rapidly dove down. Albatros" sank in the position eight miles northwest of Milazzo. 36 men died, and there were 47 survivors.