TRiC (complex)
T-complex protein Ring Complex (TRiC), otherwise known as Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 (CCT), is a multiprotein complex and the chaperonin of eukaryotic cells. Like the bacterial GroEL, the TRiC complex aids in the folding of ~10% of the proteome, and actin and tubulin are some of its best known substrates. TRiC is an example of a Biological machines that folds substrates within the central cavity of its barrel-like assembly using the energy from ATP hydrolysis. Subunits. The human TRiC complex is formed by two rings containing 8 similar but non-identical subunits, each with molecular weights of  ~60 kDa. The two rings are stacked in an asymmetrical fashion, forming a barrel-like structure with a molecular weight of ~1 MDa. Molecular weight of human subunits. Counterclockwise from the exterior, each ring is made of the subunits in the following order: 6-8-7-5-2-4-1-3. Evolution. The CCT evolved from the archaeal thermosome ~2Gya, with the two subunits diversifying into multiple units. The CCT changed from having one type of subunit, to having two, three, five, and finally eight types.