Siegfried Simsch
Siegfried Simsch (6 September 1913 – 8 June 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 54 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front, achieved in approximately 400 combat missions. Born in Posen and half Jewish, Simsch joined the military service in the Luftwaffe. Following flight training, he was posted to "Jagdgeschwader" 134 "Horst Wessel" (JG 134—134th Fighter Wing) before World War II. In late 1940, Simsch was transfeered to "Jagdgeschwader" 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) and fought against the Royal Air Force (RAF). During Operation  Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, he claimed his first aerial victory on 22 June 1941. In September 1941, he was made "Staffelkapitän" (squadron leader) of 5. "Staffel" (5th squadron) of JG 52. Simsch was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 July 1942. In November of that year, he was severely wounded in a flight accident, grounding him for a year. In November 1943, Simsch was transferred to "Jagdgeschwader" 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing), a unit fighting in Defense of the Reich. On 1 June 1944, he was appointed "Gruppenkommandeur" (group commander) of  I. "Gruppe" of JG 11. One week later, and two days after the Normandy landings, Simsch was shot down and killed in action on 8 June 1944 over Rennes, France. Early life and career. Simsch was born on 6 September 1913 in Posen, present-day Poznań in west-central Poland, at the time the capital of the Province of Posen, a Prussian province of the German Empire. Despite being half Jewish, or Mischling under the Nuremberg Laws, he enlisted in the Luftwaffe and served with distinction. Following flight training, he was posted to "Jagdgeschwader" 134 "Horst Wessel" (JG 134—134th Fighter  Wing). World War II. World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In late 1940, Simsch was posted to 5. "Staffel" (4th squadron) of "Jagdgeschwader" 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing). The "Staffel" was commanded by "Oberleutnant" August-Wilhelm Schumann and subordinated to II. "Gruppe" of JG 52 which was headed by "Hauptmann" Wilhelm Ensslen. On 2 November, Ensslen was killed in action and replaced by "Hauptmann" Erich Woitke. On 15 April 1941, the Luftwaffe ordered an attack on the Royal Air Force (RAF) airfield at Manston. Due to adverse whether conditions, the  attack was called off, only a "Schwarm", a flight of four aircraft, under the leadership of Simsch, assumed to have reached the target. The flight however had found the Luftwaffe airfield at Saint-Omer where II. "Gruppe" of "Jagdgeschwader" 53 (JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing) was based. In the attack, the "Schwarm" destroyed nine aircraft, wounding two pilots and five technicians. The pilots Simsch, "Feldwebel" Georg Mayr, "Gefreiter" Adolf Glunz and "Unteroffizier" Hans Sembill were punished by Hermann Göring personally. In addition, Simsch's advancement in career—he had been scheduled to become a "Staffelkapitän" (squadron leader) prior to this event —was deferred. According to Barbas, Simsch claimed an unconfirmed aerial victory over a RAF Supermarine Spitfire north of Dover on 19 May 1941. This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock. Operation Barbarossa. In preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, II. "Gruppe" of JG 52, without a period of replenishment in Germany, was ordered to airfields close to the German-Soviet demarcation line. While the "Gruppenstab" (group headquarters unit) and 4. "Staffel" were based at Suwałki in northeastern Poland, 5. and 6. "Staffel" were transferred to a forward airfield at Sobolewo. For  the invasion, II. "Gruppe" of JG 52 was subordinated to the "Geschwaderstab" (headquarters unit) of "Jagdgeschwader" 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing). The "Geschwader" was part of the VIII. "Fliegerkorps" commanded by "Generaloberst" Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen which supported the northern wing of Army Group Centre. On 22 June, the German forces launched the attack on the Soviet Union which opened the Eastern Front. That day, Simsch claimed his first aerial victory. He was credited with shooting down a Polikarpov I-15 fighter west of Varėna. On 28 June, II. "Gruppe" moved to an airfield at Maladzyechna where they stayed until 4  July. Here Simsch claimed two Polikarpov R-Z reconnaissance bomber aircraft shot down on 1 July. Three days later, II. "Gruppe" moved further east to an airfield at Sloboda, east of Minsk before moving to Lyepyel on 5 July. Fyling from Lyepyel, Simsch claimed a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber shot down on 7 July and an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber on 9 July. On 13 July, the "Gruppe" moved to Kamary, an airfield in the western parts of Vitebsk. On 6 September 1941, Simsch succeeded "Oberleutnant" August-Wilhelm Schumann as "Staffelkapitän" of 5. "Staffel" of JG 52. Schumann had been killed in  action that day. II. "Gruppe" moved to an airfield at Klin, located northwest of Moscow, on 30 November. There, Simsch claimed two I-61 fighters, an early German designation for the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighter, one each on 2 and 4 December, in combat near Moscow. Eastern Front. On 29 May 1942, Simsch was wounded in combat with a Soviet bomber. He was forced to bail out of his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4/R1 west of Izium. During his convalescence, he was replaced by "Leutnant" Waldemar Semelka (29 May – 30 June 1942) and later by "Leutnant" Heinz Schmidt (1 July – 30  September 1942). On 1 July, Simsch was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () for 45 aerial victories. On 3 November 1942, engine failure of his Bf 109 G-2 ("Werknummer" 13711—factory number) resulted in a forced landing northwest of Maykop. Simsch was severely injured in the accident. "Oberfeldwebel" Willi Nemitz then briefly led 5. "Staffel" before "Oberleutnant" Gustav Denk officially took command of the "Staffel" in January 1943. Defense of the Reich. On 30 November 1943, following a lengthy period of convalescence, Simsch was transferred to "Jagdgeschwader" 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing) where he was appointed "Staffelkapitän  of 10. Staffel". He replaced "Oberleutnant" Günter Witt. On 17 May 1944, seven RAF North American P-51 Mustang fighters from the Second Tactical Air Force attacked the Aalborg Airfield in Denmark. The RAF fighters claimed nine aerial victories before 10. "Staffel" intercepted the RAF fighters. In the pursuit, two No. 122 Squadron P-51 fighters were shot down, including one by Simsch. On 1 June 1944, he was appointed "Gruppenkommandeur" (group commander) of I. "Gruppe" of JG 11 to replace "Oberleutnant" Hans-Heinrich Koenig who was killed in action on 24 May. One week later, and two days after the Normandy  landings Siegfried Simsch was shot down by a North American P-51 Mustang and killed on 8 June 1944 over Rennes, France. Summary of career. Aerial victory claims. According to Obermaier, Simsch was credited with 54 aerial victories claimed in approximately 400 combat missions. The author Rigg however lists him with 95 aerial victories claimed. Matthews and Foreman, authors of "Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims", researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 54 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = "Planquadrat"), for example "PQ  95754". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.