Arbalist (crossbowman)
An arbalist, also spelled arbelist, is one who shoots a crossbow. Background. An extensive list of archaic words for medieval crossbowmen is given by Payne-Gallwey. Richardson, in his 1839 dictionary, did not make specific reference to the crossbow in his definition of arbalist: "One who casts or shoots from a bow." Hansard (1841) used the word "arbalister" for a cross-bowman (sic), the same usage as Webster and Johnson who reserved the word arbalist for the crossbow itself. Smith uses arbalist to describe a "maker" of crossbows. Equipment and competition. Modern arbalists shoot crossbows markedly different from  medieval artillerymen. Current-day target crossbows must conform to various limitations according to the governing body under which the shoot or tournament is taking place. Firstly, GNAS requires that arbalists shoot at targets separate from archers. Both the World Crossbow Shooting Association (WCSA) and GNAS require that the draw weight maximum be 95 lbs and that the minimum bolt (arrow) length be 12 inches. These organizations differ, however, in allowable maximum bolt length, GNAS citing 15", WCSA 18". They also disagree as to whether metal prods can be used; GNAS says no, WCSA says yes (with restrictions). Both require that  the bolts shall be fletched, GNAS imposing an additional constraint of the "number" of fletchings (three). Classification. GNAS recognizes three grades of arbalist, "Master Arbalist" (scoring 780 or higher in three qualifying Crossbow Windsor Rounds) "Arbalist 1st Class" (scoring 630 or higher) and "Arbalist 2nd Class" (480). A Crossbow Windsor Round is shot on a 60 cm 10-zone face scoring 9,7,5,3,1; three ends at 40 yards, three at 50 yards and three at 60 yards. Archery Australia recognizes five classifications: "Grand Master Arbelist" (GMA), "Master Arbelist" (MA), "First Class Arbelist" (A1), "Second Class Arbelist" (A2), and "Third Class Arbelist  (A3). Awards. The World Crossbow Shooting Association (WCSA) makes available four sets of Star Achievement Awards (badges) to encourage both participation in tournaments and to provide recognition for reaching certain scores: TC 900" for outdoor target crossbow, "SC 600" for outdoor sport crossbow, "Indoor 40" for indoor 40 cm face for both target and sport crossbow, and "Indoor 25" for indoor 25 cm face for both target and sport crossbow.