Josef Škvorecký
Josef Škvorecký (; September 27, 1924 – January 3, 2012) was a Czech-Canadian writer and publisher. He spent half of his life in Canada, publishing and supporting banned Czech literature during the communist era. Škvorecký was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1980. He and his wife were long-time supporters of Czech dissident writers before the fall of communism in that country. Škvorecký's fiction deals with several themes: the horrors of totalitarianism and repression, the expatriate experience, and the miracle of jazz. Life. Born the son of a bank clerk in Náchod, Czechoslovakia, Škvorecký graduated  in 1943 from the Reálné "gymnasium" in his native Náchod. He had a youthful love-affair with jazz and was an amateur tenor saxophone player in the period just prior to the Second World War, an experience he drew upon for his novella "The Bass Saxophone" (1967). For two years during the War he was a slave labourer in a Messerschmitt aircraft factory in Náchod. After the war, he began to study at the Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, but after his first term he moved to the Faculty of Arts, where he studied philosophy and graduated  in 1949. In 1951 he gained a PhD in philosophy. He then taught for two years at the Social School for Girls in Hořice v Podkrkonoší. Between 1952 and 1954 he performed his military service in the Czechoslovak Army. He worked briefly as a teacher, editor and translator in the 1950s. In this period he completed several novels including his first novel "The Cowards" (written 1948–49, published 1958) and "The End of the Nylon Age" (1956). They were condemned and banned by the Communist authorities after their publication. His prose style, open-ended and improvisational, was an innovation, but this  and his democratic ideals were a challenge to the Communist regime. As a result, he lost his job as editor of the magazine "Světová literatura" ("World Literature"). Škvorecký kept writing, and helped nurture the democratic movement that culminated in the Prague Spring in 1968. After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia that year, Škvorecký and his wife, writer and actress Zdena Salivarová, fled to Canada. In 1971, he and his wife founded 68 Publishers which, over the next 20 years, published banned Czech and Slovak books. The imprint became an important mouthpiece for dissident writers, such as Václav Havel, Milan  Kundera, and Ludvík Vaculík, among many others. For providing this critical literary outlet, the president of post-Communist Czechoslovakia, Václav Havel, later awarded the couple the Order of the White Lion in 1990. He taught at the Department of English at the University of Toronto where he was eventually appointed Professor Emeritus of English and Film. He retired in 1990. In Canada, he is considered to be a Canadian author despite the fact that he is mostly published in Czech. Literary works. Most of Škvorecký's novels are available in English: the novels "The Cowards", "Miss Silver's Past", "The  Republic of Whores", "The Miracle Game", "The Swell Season", "The Engineer of Human Souls" which won a Canadian Governor General's Award, "The Bride of Texas", "Dvořák in Love", "The Tenor Saxophonist's Story", "Two Murders in My Double Life", "An Inexplicable Story or The Narrative of Questus Firmus Siculus", his selected short stories "When Eve Was Naked" and the two short novels "The Bass Saxophone" and "Emöke". A recurring character in several of his novels is Danny Smiricky, who is a partial self-portrait of the author. He wrote four books of detective stories featuring Lieutenant Boruvka of the  Prague Homicide Bureau: "The Mournful Demeanor of Lieutenant Boruvka", "Sins for Father Knox", "The End of Lieutenant Boruvka" and "The Return of Lieutenant Boruvka". His poetry was published as a collection in 1999 as "...there's no remedy for this pain" (..."na tuhle bolest nejsou prášky"). His non-fiction works include "Talkin' Moscow Blues", a book of essays on jazz, literature and politics, an autobiography "Headed for the Blues", and two books on the Czech cinema including "All the Bright Young Men and Women". In Middle Europe, he was also a well-known Cthulhu Mythos expert, who wrote many prefaces  to H. P. Lovecraft's works. Škvorecký wrote for films and television. The feature film "The Tank Battalion" was adapted from his novel "The Republic of Whores". Other features, written for Prague TV, include "Eine kleine Jazzmusik", adapted from his story of the same name, "The Emöke Legend" from a novella of the same name, and a two-hour TV drama "Poe and the Murder of a Beautiful Girl", based on Edgar Allan Poe's story "The Mystery of Marie Roget". Three very successful TV serials were made from his stories: "Sins for Father Knox", "The Swell Season" and "Murders  for Luck". A film version of the novel "Pastor's End" was produced in 1968, but was never shown and went straight into locked Communist archives due to the fact that its author "illegally" fled the country. In the spring and summer of 1968 Škvorecký and the Czech film director Miloš Forman jointly wrote a script synopsis to make a film version of "The Cowards". After Škvorecký fled the Warsaw Pact invasion the synopsis was translated into English, but no film was made. In the 21st century the English translation was translated back into Czech and has been published. Prominent  in his writing for radio was a long-running monthly series on literature for Voice of America. From 1973 to 1990 he wrote more than 200 of these shows covering notable literary works and discussing literary themes. He died on January 3, 2012, in Toronto, Ontario, from cancer; he was 87 years old. Awards. Among his numerous literary awards are the Neustadt International Prize for Literature (1980), the Canadian Governor General's Award for English-language fiction (1984), the Czech Republic State Prize for Literature (1999), the Prize of the Comenius Pangea Foundation "For Improvement of Human Affairs" (2001) which  he received with the Polish film director Andrzej Wajda as well as the Angelus Award (2009). Nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1982. Awarded the Order of the White Lion by the President of Czechoslovakia, Václav Havel, 1990. In 1992 he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. Škvorecký was a Guggenheim Fellow, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, République Française, 1996. Selected bibliography. Novels Novellas Collections of short stories Collections of essays