Schizoanalysis
Schizoanalysis (; "schizo-" from Greek σχίζειν "skhizein", meaning "to split") is a set of theories and techniques developed by philosopher Gilles Deleuze and psychoanalyst Félix Guattari, first expounded in their book "Anti-Oedipus" (1972) and continued in their follow-up work, "A Thousand Plateaus" (1980). The practice acquires many different definitions during the course of its development in their collaborative work and individually in the work of Guattari, and is distinct from the practice of psychoanalysis. Schizoanalysis "is at once a transcendental and a materialist analysis" dealing with the real and yet nonfigurative aspects of the unconscious. In his work  Chaosmosis, Guattari explains that "rather than moving in the direction of reductionist modifications which simplify the complex", schizoanalysis "will work towards its complexification, its processual enrichment, towards the consistency of its virtual lines of bifurcation and differentiation, in short towards its ontological heterogeneity". Evolution of the idea. Schizoanalysis was developed over a long period of time as a response to the perceived shortcomings in the basic premises of psychoanalytic practice and as the culmination of Guattari's work with institutional psychotherapy at the La Borde clinic. Guattari was directly confronted with such problems in the work of Sigmund Freud—namely , the use of the Oedipus complex as a starting point for the analysis, and the authoritarian role of the psychoanalyst in relationship to the patient. Guattari was interested in a practice that could derive from given systems of enunciation and preexisting subjective structures new "assemblages ["agencements"] of enunciation" capable of forging new coordinates of analysis and to bring into existence unforeseen propositions and representations. By the time of "Five Propositions on Psychoanalysis" (1973), Deleuze said "we no longer want to talk about schizoanalysis, because that would amount to protecting a particular type of escape, schizophrenic escape". Concepts. Deleuze and Guattari  write in the fourth chapter of "Anti-Oedipus", "Introduction to Schizoanalysis", that in effect, schizoanalysis asks "What are your desiring-machines, what do you put into these machines, what is the output, how does it work, what are your nonhuman sexes?". Deleuze and Guattari develop four theses of schizoanalysis: Body without organs. The body without organs is a central concept in schizoanalysis; Deleuze and Guattari write in "A Thousand Plateaus" that it is "the only practical object of schizoanalysis". It is "the unproductive, the sterile, the unengendered, the unconsumable", a disorganized body of loose and erratic desires that they  strongly identify with schizophrenia, as well as masochism and repressed forms of love, and that they compare in "Anti-Oedipus" to a desert of sorts. Bodies without organs are produced by the unconscious when desiring-production achieves its third nonproductive stage; a body without organs is "produced as a whole, but in its own particular place within the process of production, alongside the parts that it neither unifies nor totalizes." Deleuze writes in "The Logic of Sense" (1969) that "a body without organs, with neither mouth nor anus, having given up all introjection or projection, and being complete, at this  price", is "closed on a full depth without limits and without exteriority." Four functors. The four functors are concepts within a clinical model of the unconscious, laid out in the following schema: The territory is the object of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, while the flux and phylum are the components of abstract machines. With these functors, there are four circular components that bud and form rhizomes: Legacy. Nick Land. British philosopher and theorist Nick Land, whose critical work and experimental texts in the 1990s frequently cited from Deleuze and Guattari, wrote that "schizoanalysis shares in the delicious irresponsibility of everything anarchic , inundating and harshly impersonal." In his 1992 essay "Circuitries", Land described the practice of schizoanalysis as a prescient theory, writing that it "was only possible because we are hurtling into the first globally integrated insanity: politics is obsolete. "Capitalism and Schizophrenia" hacked into a future that programs it down to its punctuation, connecting with the imminent inevitability of viral revolution, soft fusion." Land's later work in the 1990s, associated with the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit, also further reinterpreted and developed schizoanalysis alongside cybernetics, cyberpunk aesthetics and occultism, most prominently in his 1995 essay "Meltdown": Bard & Söderqvist. Swedish philosophers and  futurologists Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist build from Deleuze & Guattari's schizoanalysis in their book "The Body Machines" (2009), the third and final installment of "The Futurica Trilogy" (2000-2009) with Lacan's empty signifier re-added as an extra +1 to a properly implemented 12+1 structure – developed in collaboration with Stockholm's Royal Institute of Art – as both the empty unifier of the psyche and the dissolution of social hierarchy. The authors argue the 12+1 model is a psychoanalytic improvement to the otherwise "Kantian all too Kantian" technique of compartmentalization in psychology. As cultural examples  of 12+1 are cited the hour prior to and following the twelve hours of a clock, Christ as living present and dead absent in relation to the twelve Apostles in the New Testament, and the ace card as both superior to the king and inferior to two in a playing card series. In this sense, the socially constructed +1 is nothing but a subject's passport name, understanding capitalist subjectivity as multipolar (twelve being a random number) akin to the urban intersubjectivities explored in musical theatre pieces like Puccini's La bohème and Jonathan Larson's Rent. Schizoanalysis