Azerbaijani manat
The manat (code: AZN ; symbol: ₼) is the currency of Azerbaijan. It is subdivided into 100 "qəpik". The first iteration of the currency happened in the times of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and its successor, the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, with the issues happening in 1919-1923. The currency underwent hyperinflation, and was eventually substituted by the Transcaucasian ruble, which, in its turn, was converted to the Soviet ruble. In Soviet times, the common currency of the USSR was known as manat in Azeri language. When Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union, it substituted the Soviet ruble  with the manat, which also went through a period of high inflation in the first years, rendering the coinage obsolete. The current manat in circulation exists since the denomination in 2006, when 5,000 old manat were substituted with the new currency, which bears some resemblance to the euro. The currency has mostly been pegged to the United States dollar, at what is now the rate of 1.70 AZN to US$1. The Azerbaijani manat symbol, ₼ (  ), was assigned to Unicode U+20BC in 2013. A lowercase m can be used as a substitute for the manat symbol. Etymology. The word "manat  derived from the word Moneta" (Latin Monēta). In Roman mythology, "Monēta" was a title given to two separate goddesses: the goddess of memory, and was an epithet of Juno, called Juno Moneta. The latter's name is a source of numerous words in English and other European languages, including the words "money" and "mint". Manat was also the designation of the Soviet ruble in both the Azerbaijani and Turkmen languages. First manat, 1919–1923. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and its successor the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic issued their own currency between 1919 and 1923. The currency was called the manat (منات ) in Azerbaijani and the ruble (рубль) in Russian, with the denominations written in both languages (and sometimes also in French) on the banknotes. The manat replaced the first Transcaucasian ruble at par and was replaced by the second Transcaucasian ruble after Azerbaijan became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. No subdivisions were issued, and the currency only existed as banknotes. Banknotes. The Democratic Republic issued notes in denominations of 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 manat, whilst the Soviet Socialist Republic issued notes in denominations of 5; 100; 1,000; 5,000; 10,000; 25,000; 50,000; 100,000; 250,000; 1 million and  5 million manat. Second manat, 1992–2006. The second manat was introduced on 15 August 1992. It had the ISO 4217 code AZM and replaced the Soviet ruble at a rate of 10 rubles to 1 manat. From early 2002 to early 2005, the exchange rate was fairly stable (varying within a band of 4770–4990 manat per US dollar). Starting in the spring of 2005 there was a slight but steady increase in the value of the manat against the US dollar; the reason most likely being the increased flow of petrodollars into the country, together with the generally high price  of oil on the world market. At the end of 2005, one dollar was worth 4591 manat. Banknotes below 100 manat had effectively disappeared by 2005, as had the qəpik coins. Coins. Coins were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 qəpik, dated 1992 and 1993. Although brass and cupronickel were used for some of the 1992 issues, later issues were all in aluminium. These coins were rarely used in circulation. Banknotes. The following banknotes were issued for this currency Third manat, 2006. On 1 January 2006, a new manat (ISO 4217 code AZN, also called the "manat  (national currency)") was introduced at a ratio of 1 new manat to 5,000 old manat. From 1 October 2005, prices were indicated both in new manat and in old manat to ease the transition. Coins denominated in qəpik, which had not been used from 1993 onward due to inflation, were reintroduced with the re-denomination. The former manat (ISO code 4217 AZM) remained valid through 31 December 2006. Symbol. The new banknotes and Azerbaijani Manat symbol, ₼, were designed by Robert Kalina in 2006, and the symbol was added to Unicode (U+20BC) in 2013, after failed addition proposals between 2008  and 2011. The final Azerbaijani Manat symbol design was inspired by the design of the Euro sign (€), based on an initial proposal by Mykyta Yevstifeyev, and resembles a single-bar Euro sign rotated 90° clockwise. The manat symbol is displayed to the right of the amount. Coins. Coins in circulation are 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 qəpik. Most coins closely resemble the size and shape of various euro coins. Most notably the bimetallic 50 qəpik (similar to the €2 coin) and the 10 qəpik (Spanish flower, like the 20 euro cent coin). Coins were first  put into circulation during January 2006 and do not feature a mint year. Banknotes. Banknotes in circulation are 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 manat. They were designed by Austrian banknote designer Robert Kalina, who also designed the current banknotes of the euro and the Syrian Pound. The notes look quite similar to those of the euro and the choice of motifs was inspired by the euro banknotes. In 2009 the Azərbaycan Milli Bankı (National Bank of Azerbaijan) was renamed the Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mərkəzi Bankı (Central Bank of Azerbaijan). In 2010, the 1-manat banknote was issued  with the new name of the issuing bank, in 2012 a 5-manat banknote was issued with the new name of the issuing bank and in 2017 a 100-manat banknote dated 2013 was issued with the new name of the issuing bank. In 2011 Azerbaijan's Ministry of Finance announced it was considering issuing notes of 2 and 3 manat as well as notes with values larger than 100 manat. In February 2013 the Central Bank of Azerbaijan announced it would not introduce larger denomination notes until at least 2014. In 2018, a 200-manat banknote was issued to  commemorate Heydar Aliyev's 95th birthday. Redesigned 1, 5, and 50-manat banknotes were introduced in 2021, preserving the same motifs but with updated designs. These circulate in parallel with existing notes. A new commemorative 500-manat banknote was introduced in 2021.