Celmisia major
Celmisia major is a species of daisy that is endemic to New Zealand. It is split into two different variations, Celmisia major" var. "major and Celmisia major" var. "brevis. Despite being in the same genus, it is thought that the two variations are not close to one another, with botanist Peter James de Lange stressing critical study on the taxonomy of the daisies. It was first described by Thomas Cheeseman in 1925. The "major" variant is found in the Auckland area and nearby islands, while the "brevis" variant is confined to Mount Taranaki. Taxonomy. Thomas Cheeseman first published  Celmisia major description in "Manual of the New Zealand Flora" in 1925. "Celmisia major" is split into two different variations, var. "major" and var. "brevis". It is part of a poorly resolved species complex consisting of various members of the genus "Celmisia" in New Zealand. "C. major" var. "major" is thought to be more similar to two other daisies, "Celmisia adamsii" var. "rugulosa", which seems to be a heterotypic synonym of "Celmisia graminifolia", than it is to var. "brevis". Peter James de Lange remarks that var. "brevis" is "certainly not close close to var. "major"" and he stressed further critical  study on the matter of the two daisies and their relations to one another. Description. "Celmisia major" var. "brevis" can be differentiated by var. "major" by its smaller size and its more open and weakly developed pseudo-involucre, var. "brevis" is also range restricted on Mount Taranaki. var. "brevis". "Celmisia major" var. "brevis" is a small herb with tufted leaves that emerge from a simple or branched root system. The leaves are narrow and grass like but leathery in texture, the upper surface of the leaves are a darker silvery green in color and are marked with parallel grooves. The  leaves are hairy and the edges of the leaf are curved backwards. The scape, or the flower stem, ranges from hairy to smooth. The upper bracts of the plant are developed into a pseudo-involucre. The flower head is in diameter. The flowers are yellow and white in colour, they flower betweeen the months of October and February, and start fruiting between the months of November and April. A short lived plant it is described as one of the few members of the genus "Celmisia" who do well in cultivation. It grows well from fresh seed and does well in  a semi-shaded site with moist and free-draining soil. It does not prefer humidity. var. "major". "Celmisia major" var. "major" is a tufted herb. The leaves are in length and in width. They are narrow and long, lance shaped. The leaves are leathery in texture and have a dark green upper surface, with an often fractured skin, leaving the leaves with a silvery green mottled appearance. The underside of the leaves are hairy and silvery white. The flower stem is also hairy, the flower head is in diameter. The flower head is white and yellow, the plant flowers from  the months of August to February, with its peak at October to November. The plant begins to fruit between the months of October to May, but with a peak in December. The plant is easy to sow from seeds or through dividing the plants. The plant prefers moist soil with sunlight and no weeds. Distribution. var. "brevis". "Celmisia major" var. "brevis" is endemic to Mount Taranaki, formerly known as Mount Egmont. var. "major". "Celmisia major" var. "major" is found on New Zealand's North Island. It is found in West Auckland, from Muriwai to Cornwallis, as well as the islands  of Aiguilles Island, Great Barrier Island, where it may be extinct, and Kaikōura Island. Habitat. var. "brevis". The plant is found in the alpine and subalpine herbfields of Mount Taranaki. var. "major". The plant is strictly found on the coast. It is found on rock headlands, cliff faces, and islets, and occaisonally on coastal shrublands. The plant grows on low turf on soils consisting of peat or silt. The plant grows in association with plants in the genera "Disphyma", "Samolus", and "Tetragonia". Conservation. var. "brevis". It is currently ranked as "At Risk – Naturally Uncommon" after a 2009 review, and this  designation was renewed in a 2012 review. It was previously designated "Range Restricted" in a 2004 review by the New Zealand Threat Classification System. The plant is naturally uncommon, as it is only found in the Mount Taranaki National Park. Despite its small and restriced range, it is abundant where it is actually found. var. "major". "Celmisia major" var. "major" is currently ranked as "At Risk-Naturally Uncommon" following a 2012 review by the New Zealand Threat Classification System. It was first given this designation in 2009, having previously been assesed at "Gradual Decline" in 2004. It is threatened by  habitat encroachment by invasive species as well as threats from coastal erosion. Since the daisy is found in sites with heavy foot traffic, the plants have been trampled by individuals seeking to access popular headland and shore inlet sightseeing sites. Overcollecting also serves as a factor in decline. The plant is scarce on Great Barrier Island, only being found in a single location. Etymology. The generic epithet is derived from Kelmis, a mythical Dactyl from Mount Ida. Kelmis, whose name meant "casting" was a friend of Zeus, and was a blacksmith. Ovid's Metamorphoses described Kelmis as offending Zeus enough  that he had transformed Kelmis into Adamant. The specific epithet means "greater" in Latin. While "brevis" means "short" in Latin.