Hoffa (film)
Hoffa is a 1992 American biographical crime film directed by Danny DeVito and written by David Mamet, based on the life of Teamsters leader Jimmy Hoffa. Most of the story is told in flashbacks before ending with Hoffa's mysterious disappearance. Jack Nicholson plays Hoffa, and DeVito plays Robert Ciaro, an amalgamation of several Hoffa associates over the years. The film features John C. Reilly, Robert Prosky, Kevin Anderson, Armand Assante, and J. T. Walsh in supporting roles. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and released on December 25, 1992. The film received mixed reviews and  grossed just $29 million against its $35 million budget, with critics praising Nicholson's performance but criticizing the film's story. Plot. On July 30, 1975, Jimmy Hoffa and his longtime friend Bobby Ciaro are impatiently waiting in the parking lot of a roadhouse diner. The film moves in vignettes from Hoffa's early years, when Hoffa was an International Brotherhood of Teamsters union organizer working for the various trucking firms and laundries around Detroit. In 1935, Hoffa is shown approaching a parked truck, inside of which driver Ciaro is taking a nap. Hoffa pitches the benefits of  joining the Teamsters and gives Ciaro a business card, on which he has written: "Give this man whatever he needs." A few days later, Ciaro reports to work to find Hoffa attempting to persuade his fellow drivers to unionize. Hoffa blurts out that he already spoke to Ciaro, getting him fired. He later accosts Hoffa with a knife, but Hoffa's associate and bodyguard Billy Flynn forces him to drop it at gunpoint. Ciaro assists Hoffa and Flynn in the arson of a laundry whose owner refuses to cooperate with the Teamsters. Flynn accidentally sets himself on fire and dies  of his injuries. He is succeeded by Ciaro as Hoffa's right-hand man. During a Teamsters strike that quickly turns into a street brawl with non-union workers, Hoffa escapes and is taken to see Detroit's top Mafia boss, Carl D'Allesandro, with the Italian-American Ciaro acting as translator. A partnership is soon formed between the Teamsters and the Mafia, and when Hoffa becomes president of the Teamsters in 1957, he makes several illegal loans to the mob using union funds. At a Congressional hearing, Hoffa is questioned by Robert F. Kennedy over allegations that the Teamsters are  controlled by organized crime. Kennedy and Hoffa engage in a loud and bitter feud, especially after John F. Kennedy is elected President in 1960 and Bobby becomes Attorney General. During a hunting trip with D'Allesandro, he and Hoffa discuss an embezzlement scheme involving the Teamsters pension fund. Having no paper with them, the plans are sketched on the back of a hunting license. Hoffa is then betrayed by Teamsters official Peter Connelly, who not only testifies at Hoffa's trial for labor racketeering but also provides the prosecution with a crucial piece of evidence: the license. Hoffa surrenders to federal  officials and receives a long sentence while Connelly's uncle, Frank Fitzsimmons, assumes control of the Teamsters. Ciaro is also convicted, but obtains early release from prison and immediately begins working for Hoffa's release. D'Allesandro suggests that the Teamsters endorse Richard M. Nixon for President in 1968, and in exchange, Hoffa will receive a presidential pardon. Hoffa is pardoned by the Nixon administration, but learns that one of the conditions of his release is that he cannot have any involvement with the Teamsters for at least ten years. Hoffa meets with D'Allesandro and asks him to have Fitzsimmons  killed, resulting in a failed attempt to assassinate him with a car bomb. D'Allesandro believes that Hoffa is "too hot" and declines to help him any further. In response, Hoffa has Ciaro deliver a message to D'Allesandro that unless Fitzsimmons is dealt with, Hoffa will go to the press and reveal every illegal action he has carried out on his behalf. D'Allesandro replies that he will meet with Hoffa at a nearby diner the next day to work out a plan. Hoffa and Ciaro spend several hours waiting in the diner's parking lot, but D'Allesandro never arrives. A union  driver has been waiting for hours in the dining room, allegedly for a part for his truck. He and Ciaro start talking, and the driver offers to bring Hoffa his coffee. The "driver" then pulls out a silenced pistol and shoots Hoffa dead in his car; Ciaro rushes to help him and gets shot three times in the chest. The shooter drives off in a separate car while two other men exit his truck, put Ciaro's body in Hoffa's car, and drive it into the back. The truck then departs, leaving not a single trace of Hoffa's  murder. Production. In 1982, George Barrie hired Robin Moore to write a screenplay for a biopic called "The Jimmy Hoffa Story" for GB Pictures International, with Hoffa's attorney Frank Ragnaro serving as a script consultant. The screenplay was later retitled "Hoffa" and filming was originally projected to commence in the spring of 1984, but no progress occurred. In 1989 Joe Isgro, Edward R. Pressman, and Chaldecot Chubb purchased the rights to Moore's screenplay and hired David Mamet to rewrite it for $1 million. Pressman considered Barry Levinson, Oliver Stone, and John McTiernan to direct the film. Levinson  was the frontrunner but chose to decline after Mamet refused to make script changes. Pressman hired Danny DeVito to direct in April 1990. Jack Nicholson was hired to play Hoffa after Kevin Spacey, Al Pacino, and Robert De Niro also auditioned. DeVito secured a $50 million budget for the film by forgoing his salary and signing as co-guarantor for the film. Production was originally set to begin in Washington D.C. in January 1992 but was delayed because of Nicholson and DeVito's commitments to other films. It would ultimately last between February and June 1992 in Pittsburgh, Detroit , Chicago, and soundstages in Los Angeles. Carnegie Mellon University, Cobo Arena, the Detroit Produce Terminal, the Detroit Public Library, the "Detroit News" staff room, the Ambassador Hotel, and the Spiegel Office Building were used as shooting locations. Reception. Box office. The film premiered at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills on December 11, 1992. It received a wider release on Christmas Day 1992, in 1,066 theaters. It debuted at no. 5 at the US box office. making $6.4 million in its opening weekend. In its second weekend, it dropped at #6 and grossed $4.8 million. It went  on to gross $24.2 million in the U.S. and $5 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $29.3 million. Jack Nicholson blamed the film's poor performance on Columbia Pictures's decision to move his other film "A Few Good Men" to the same release date. Critical response. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 52% based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 5.46/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Jack Nicholson embodies "Hoffa" with malevolent relish, but a dearth of meaningful insight knocks this crime epic off the mark by a  nose." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 50 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert gave the film 3.5/4 stars and wrote, "Here is a movie that finds the right look and tone for its material. Not many directors would have been confident enough to simply show us Jimmy Hoffa instead of telling us all about him. This is a movie that makes its points between the lines, in what is  not said. It's not so much about what happened to Jimmy Hoffa, as about the fact that something eventually would." Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" also gave the film 3.5/4 stars and said, "In the more ambitious "Hoffa", Nicholson plays the Detroit street fighter who rose from the ranks of trucker and labor organizer to build the Teamsters into the nation's most powerful union. The boldness of director Danny DeVito's violent epic is matched by Nicholson's astonishing physical and vocal transformation into Jimmy Hoffa. The changeover might constrict another actor. Not Nicholson." Vincent Canby of "The  New York Times" wrote: "Hoffa is an original work of fiction, based on fact, conceived with imagination and a consistent point of view." Canby notes that the film has "a bitterly skeptical edge that is rare in American movies. It forces viewers to make up their own minds, something that can be immensely disorienting as well as rewarding." Kenneth Turan of the "Los Angeles Times" wrote: "It is a laconic, enigmatic piece of work, displaying the grace with spoken language that marked "Glengarry Glen Ross" but troublesome in terms of structure and character development." Alex von Tunzelmann of "The Guardian  gave the film a grade of C−, saying: The film attempts a cautious middle route between celebrating Hoffa as a working-class hero and condemning him as a gangster. But despite a watchable performance from Nicholson, after more than two hours of screentime, Jimmy Hoffa remains an enigma." Accolades. "Hoffa" earned two Oscar nominations for Cinematography and Makeup. Nicholson's performance sharply divided critics, with the actor receiving both a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor and a Razzie nomination for Worst Actor. DeVito also received a Razzie nomination for Worst Director. Ultimately, none of the nominations resulted in wins . The film was also nominated for the Golden Bear at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: