MODERNISM / MODERNISME | DESIGN / ONTWERP
CAPS: CAPS: Gr 11- Term3 and 4(revision) / Kwartaal 3 en 4(hersiening) CAPS: Gr 12- Revision / Hersiening
MODERNISM movement/ MODERNISME kunsstyl
Modernism is a movement that was influenced by the machine age. Modernist buildings clearly show the influence of the Bauhaus with its emphasis on pure, geometric shapes and forms, straight lines and an interest in conveying order and stability. They are also influenced by the Cubists’ use of flat, geometric shapes and De Stijl’s aim to achieve extreme simplicity and balance through the square, (the contrast of straight vertical and horizontal lines) and the use of only primary colours.
Modernist product and surface design is inspired by the study of aerodynamics and hydrodynamics and the teardrop and streamlined forms that aid movement. These designs are also influenced by the biomorphic shapes seen in Surrealism and in molecular structures. The influence of the Abstract Expressionists’ use of organic, abstract shapes and lines is also evident.
Modernist architecture is also referred to as the International Style and makes use of only modern building materials such as steel, reinforced concrete and glass. Their designs are grid-like, reflecting the skeleton steel structure support. Cantilevers and glass-curtain walls are often used. The overall effect is very clinical and mechanical with smooth textures, no decoration and no references to the past. Typical characteristics of product and surface design is the use of streamlined or teardrop forms, sometimes with fins, inspired by the forms of fish and birds, as well as biomorphic shapes with thin ‘stick-like’ attachments reminiscent of molecular structures. Simplicity is emphasised.
Modernisme is ŉ beweging wat deur die masjien-era beïnvloed is.
Modernistiese geboue wys duidelik die invloed van die Bauhaus met die klem op suiwer geometriese fatsoene en vorms, reguit lyne en ŉ belang daarin om orde en stabiliteit te bring. Hulle is ook beïnvloed deur die Kubiste se gebruik van plat, geometriese fatsoene en De Stijl se doelwit om uiterse eenvoud en balans deur die vierkant (die kontras van reguit vertikale en horisontale lyne) en die gebruik van slegs die primêre kleure. Modernistiese produk en oppervlakontwerp is geïnspireer deur die studie van aërodinamika en hidrodinamika en die traanagtige en vaartbelynde vorms wat beweeg aanmoedig.
Hierdie ontwerpe is ook beïnvloed deur biomorfiese fatsoene soos gesien in Surrealisme en molekulêre strukture. Die invloed van die Abstrakte Ekspressioniste se gebruik van organiese, abstrakte fatsoen en lyne is ook sigbaar.
Modernistiese argitektuur word ook na verwys as die Internasionale Styl en maak gebruik van slegs moderne boumateriale soos staal, versterkte beton en glas. Hul ontwerp is roosteragtig en reflekteer die ondersteunende skelet van die staalstruktuur. Vrydraende glas-gordyne word heelwat gebruik. Die algehele gevoel van die ontwerpe is baie klinies en meganies met gladde teksture en geen versiering asook geen verwysing na die verlede. Tipiese karaktereienskappe van die produk- en oppervlakontwerpe is die gebruik van vaartbelynde traanvorms, somtyds met vinne, geïnspireer deur visse en voëls, sowel as biomorfiese fatsoene met dun ‘stokagtige’ aanhangsels wat aan molekulêre strukture herinner. Eenvoud word beklemtoon.
*DESIGN P1 (Memo) (SEPTEMBER 2012)