Franki piling system
The Franki piling system (also called pressure-injected footing) is a method used to drive expanded base cast-in-situ concrete (Franki) piles. It was developed by Belgian Engineer Edgard Frankignoul in 1909. This method can be applied to different site conditions and is still widely used due to its high tensile load capacity, and relatively low noise and ground vibration levels. History. Edgard Frankignoul applied for the production patent for the Franki pile in July 1909. He then co-founded the geotechnical company Frankipile (Société des Pieux Armés Frankignoul) with Liège aristocrat Edmond Baar with the  goal of commercializing the Franki piling system. By 1929, the technique had been implemented by 34 international subsidiaries and license holders. The Franki pile process has undergone several reformations since it was conceived. The dry concrete plug was not introduced to the design until 1926. Before this innovation, the casing had to be top-driven and equipped with a lost bottom plate. The Franki pile with vibrated shaft and hydraulic vibrating hammer were manufactured starting from 1960 and 1971 respectively. Applications. Franki piles can be used as high-capacity deep foundation elements without the necessity of excavation or dewatering. They  are useful in conditions where a sufficient bearing soil can only be reached deeper in the ground, and are best suited to granular soil where bearing is primarily achieved from the densification of the soil around the base. They are not recommended for use in cohesive soils where compaction of the base is not possible. The Franki piling system is the quietest of the driven cast-in-place systems, and so is used in conditions where high noise levels could cause environmental problems.