Chemin de fer du Montenvers
The Montenvers Railway or Chemin de fer du Montenvers is a rack railway line in the Haute-Savoie department of France. The line runs from a connection with the SNCF, in Chamonix, to the "Hotel de Montenvers" station, at the Mer de Glace, at an altitude of . Overview. The line is long and has a track gauge of . It is a rack and adhesion railway, using the Strub rack system to overcome a height difference of . Except for the terminal stations, which are operated in adhesion mode, the line has a gradient varying from 11 % to 22%. The line is operated by the which also manages the Mont Blanc Tramway and many ski lifts in the Mont Blanc region. The first section of the line as far as Caillet opened in 1908 and the line was completed in 1909. The trains originally were drawn by steam locomotives built by SLM who supplied six 2-4-2T locomotives between 1908 and 1923. By 1953 the line was electrified, using an overhead line at 11 kV AC and 50 Hz, and service is provided by six electric railcars and trailers and three diesel locomotives, all from  SLM. Trains run at and take 20 minutes for the journey. A cable car connects the station at Montenvers with the glacier which is tunnelled out at that point enabling tourists to walk inside the glacier. Incidents. On 25 August 1927, the locomotive and the first car of a two-car train derailed on the Montenvers viaduct, killing 15 people and injuring 30 others.