Nisin to inspire them in their future endeavours. As Presiding Officer he also led the creation of a Scottish Futures Forum, to promote cross-party strategic thinking. He was appointed President of the Royal Commonwealth Society Scotland, and became Patron of the Scottish Disability Equality Forum. Post Presiding Officer. Reid chose not to seek re-election at the end of the 2007 Parliamentary term. As an independent figure with experience of a devolved parliament, he was chosen to lead a review of the administration of the troubled Northern Ireland Assembly. Reid also joined the European Union's Caucasus-Caspian diplomatic commission	George Reid (Scottish politician)
25827262	. On 19 April 2007 he was made a Freeman of the County of Clackmannanshire. He had his portrait taken by photographer Harry Benson the same year. In May 2008, Reid was appointed as the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland for the duration of the General Assembly's sitting that year. He was then appointed Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in January 2008, to serve as the Queen's personal representative to the Church of Scotland. This position is second only to the Queen and Duke of 	George Reid (Scottish politician)
25827263	Edinburgh in the ceremonial Order of Precedence. In 2006 he was appointed by the University of Glasgow as an Honorary Professor in the School of Law. Between 2008 and 2011 he was an independent adviser on the Scottish Ministerial Code. In September 2009, Reid was appointed by the National Trust for Scotland to lead a wide-ranging internal governance review. Reid produced a report, making a range of recommendations that were accepted by the Trust. In 2009, he was appointed as Her Majesty's Lord Lieutenant of Clackmannanshire. He was an Electoral Commissioner from 2010 to 2014. In 2013 he 	George Reid (Scottish politician)
25827264	underwent major surgery for bladder cancer. He resigned all his positions, then made a good recovery. Awards and honours. After relief efforts for the 1988 Armenian earthquake Reid was recognised with the Gold Medal of the Supreme Soviet of Armenia and the Pirogov Gold Medal of the USSR. During his time as Presiding Officer he won the Herald newspaper's Scottish Politician of the Year award in 2003 and 2005, becoming the first person to have won the award on two occasions, followed by a lifetime achievement award in 2013. Reid was made a Free man of Clackmannanshire in 2007	George Reid (Scottish politician)
25827265	. He received also several honorary doctorates, i.e. an LLD degree from the University of St Andrews in 2005, a DUniv degree from Queen Margaret University in 2006, the degree of Dr.h.c. from the University of Edinburgh in 2007, and a DUniv degree from the University of Stirling in 2008. Reid was knighted in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to Scottish politics and public life. In 2015, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). Personal life. Reid is married with two children. George Reid (Scottish politician) Sir George Reid (born 4 June 1939) is a 	George Reid (Scottish politician)
25827266	Nisin Nisin Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide produced by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis" that is used as a food preservative. It has 34 amino acid residues, including the uncommon amino acids lanthionine (Lan), methyllanthionine (MeLan), didehydroalanine (Dha), and didehydroaminobutyric acid (Dhb). These unusual amino acids are introduced by posttranslational modification of the precursor peptide. In these reactions a ribosomally synthesized 57-mer is converted to the final peptide. The unsaturated amino acids originate from serine and threonine, and the enzyme-catalysed addition of cysteine residues to the didehydro amino acids result in the multiple (5) thioether bridges. Subtilin and epidermin  are related to nisin. All are members of a class of molecules known as lantibiotics. In the food industry, nisin is obtained from the culturing of "L. lactis" on natural substrates, such as milk or dextrose, and it is not chemically synthesized. It was originally isolated in the late 1930s, and produced since the 1950s as Nisaplin from naturally occurring sources by Aplin and Barrett in laboratories in Beaminster in Dorset (now owned by DuPont), and approved as an additive for food use in the US in the late 1960s. Properties. While in general most bacteriocins inhibit only closely related  species, nisin is a rare example of a "broad-spectrum" bacteriocin effective against many Gram-positive organisms, including lactic acid bacteria (commonly associated to avoid food spoilage)," Listeria monocytogenes" (a known pathogen), "Staphylococcus aureus", "Bacillus cereus", "Clostridium botulinum", etc. It is also particularly effective against spores. Gram-negative bacteria are protected by their outer membrane but may become susceptible to nisin action after a heat shock or when this is coupled with the chelator EDTA. When used in combination with EDTA, nisin has the ability to inhibit "" and "Salmonella enterica". Nisin, as a class I bacteriocin, is very stable at  acidic pHs and is more heat stable at lower pHs. The mode of action of Nisin against pathogens such as "L. monocytogenes" is to dissipate the membrane potential and pH gradient. Nisin is soluble in water and can be effective at levels nearing the parts-per-billion range. Nisin concentration can be measured using various techniques such as chromatography or by a simple agar diffusion bioassay. Applications. Food production. Nisin is used in processed cheese, meats, beverages, etc. during production to extend shelf life by suppressing Gram-positive spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. In foods, it is common to use nisin  at levels ranging from ~1-25 ppm, depending on the food type and regulatory approval. As a food additive, nisin has an E number of E234. Other. Due to its naturally selective spectrum of activity, it is also employed as a selective agent in microbiological media for the isolation of gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and moulds. Nisin has also been used in food packaging applications and can serve as a preservative by controlled release onto the food surface from the polymer packaging. In combination with miconazole it has been studied as a possible treatment for infections of "Clostridium difficile". Nisin