Patricio Manns
Iván Patricio Eugenio Manns de Folliot (3 August 1937 – 25 September 2021) was a Chilean singer, composer, author, poet, novelist, essayist, play writer and journalist. Life and career. Infancy and youth. Patricio Manns was born in the rural town of Nacimiento, in central Chile, on 3 August 1937. He is the son of a primary school teacher of French descent and an agricultural engineer of German descent. Both of his parents played the piano: his father was a jazz aficionado but his mother studied classical piano. His mother was also central in cultivating his interest in literature. In  his youth he took up a broad range of occupations: from coal miner in Lota to reporter for the daily newspaper "La patria" in Concepción. At the beginning of 1963 he moved to Santiago where he continued his journalistic work. Early music career. Manns was initiated in the field of music when he composed "Bandido" in 1959, which was recorded in Argentina in 1962 by the folk group Los Travadores del Norte and in Chile by Los Cuatro Cuartos. But it was with the composition "Arriba en la cordillera" ("Up in the Cordillera") in 1965 that he achieved national fame  – especially when it was released in the album, "Entre Mar y Cordillera" ("Between Sea and Cordillera") in 1966 on Vinyl format by the label "Demon" under the number LPD-021, all songs are credited to Manns, the song "Ya no canto tu nombre" is credited to Edmundo Vásquez, on track n ° 8 of the album, "Sirilla de la Candelaria" featured Rolando Alarcón, a singer-songwriter Chilean. The album was a massive success, other singles were added to the album, such as "Bandido" or "Vai Peti Nehe Nehe", a song with a title and lyrics in Pascuense language. Manns was a  founding member (1965) of the New Chilean Song, with Rolando Alarcón and the Parras (the children of Violeta Parra: Isabel and Ángel Parra) and of the Peña of Carmen 340 (later known as the Peña of the Parras), Víctor Jara joined the Peña and the movement a few months later. "Nueva Canción Chilena" (New Chilean Song) movement – for some a folkloric renaissance which led to a revolution in the popular music of the country. At the time of the 1973 Chilean coup d'état - which toppled the democratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende - the Nueva Canción Chilena had acquired a  nationwide mass following with Nueva Canción Chilena artists touring the world as cultural ambassadors. Manns would go on to actively participate in the extensive production of a series of travelling shows called "Chile Rie y Canta" ("Chile Laughs and Sings") which were organized throughout Chile by René Largo Farías. In this early period of his career Manns also composed the cantata "El Sueño Americano" ("The American Dream") (1965), which he recorded with the folk group Voces Andina and that amalgamates distinctive rhythmic elements from different regions of the sub-continent. In this song, which has been traced as one of  the firsts cantatas to be heard in Latin America, the historical birth of Latin America is told. Song XII of the cantata "América Novia Mia" ("America My Bride") has been recorded by himself and Inti-illimani several times. During this period he also recorded "¡El Folclore No Ha Muerto, Mierda!" ("Folklore Hasn't Died, Dammit!") (1968) with Silvia Urbina which revived folkloric forms which were disappearing under the influence of foreign musical trends that were being popularized in Chile. From his multi-faceted role as singer, composer, writer and journalist he actively collaborated in the presidential campaigns of Dr. Salvador  Allende in 1964 and in 1970, the latter being the campaign that led Salvador Allende to the presidency as the leader of the Unidad Popular government. During this time he recorded the album "Patricio Manns" (1971) which included one of his best-known compositions "Valdivia en la niebla" ("Valdivia in the fog") and the prophetic "No Cierres los Ojos" ("Don't Close Your Eyes"). In this recording, which was accompanied by Inti-illimani, the Symphony Orchestra of Chile and the Philharmonic Orchestra of Santiago, the musical arrangements were done by Luis Advis. Life in exile. The military coup of 11  September 1973 found him in Chile and it was only due to international diplomatic mediation that he was able to safely leave his country. Late in 1973, Manns settled in Cuba where he began a life in exile that was to last decades. During his period in the Caribbean island he composed and recorded accompanied by the Symphony Orchestra of Cuba "Cuando Me Acuerdo de Mi País" ("When I Remember My Country", some years later recorded by Mercedes Sosa) and other songs that were featured in his LP "Canción sin Limites" ("Songs with out limits"). He collaborated with Humberto Solás  with the script for the movie "La Cantata de Chile" ("Cantata of Chile") (1976) and also wrote the text for the musical work of Leo Brouwer which the movie was named after. From Cuba he travelled to France where he settled and formed the ensemble Karaxú in 1974 with which he continued to musically collaborate with Cuban artists. From exile Manns launched his "struggle against the Pinochet dictatorship" becoming a spokesman of the Chilean resistance. This was also reflected in almost all his musical productions: "Chansons de la Résistence Chilienne" ("Songs of the Chilean Resistance") (1974). "Canción sin limites" ("Songs  without limits") (1977). In this stage of exile he met Alejandra Lastra (1979) to whom he composed the famous "Balada de los Amantes del Camino de Tavernay" ("Ballad of the Lovers of Tavernay Road") (1981) – Manns had moved and settled with his partner in Chemin de Tavernay in Geneva in the course of 1979. As the musicologist Juan Pablo González has stated: "… in his 27 years of exile, Manns established with Horacio Salinas one of the most fruitful creative collaborations in the history of Chilean music". This collaboration began to take form in the works of Inti-illimani, in compositions  such as "Retrato" ("Portrait") or "Vuelvo" ("I Return") – both from 1979. From this period of work with Salinas and Inti-illimani we find the grains of songs which with time would grow to become true emblems of the Latin America folk/popular music repertoire: such as "El Equipaje del Destierro" ("The Baggage of Exile"), "Palimpsesto" ("Palimpsest") (1981), "Cantiga de la Memoria Rota" ("Verses for a Shattered Memory") and "Samba Landó" (1985). Subsequently, other songs of this collaborative period included "Medianoche" ("Midnight"), "Arriesgare mi piel" ("I'll Risk My Skin") (1996) and "La Fiesta Eres Tú" ("You Are the Party") (1998 ). In 1984 he moved to Trez Vella in Échenevex, close to the French-Swiss border. In this stage of exile Manns reached a high point in his creativity with the "Concert of Trez Vella" (1986), a piece that was arranged by Alejandro Guarello, also dedicated to Alejandra. He recorded it in Rome accompanied by Inti-Illimani in 1985 and was released in 1986 in Europe. This work with Inti-illimani appeared in his third album with them: "La muerte no va conmigo". He had previously recorded in Rome with them "Con la Razón y la Fuerza" in early 1980. The  re-encounter. After 17 years of exile in 1990 Manns was allowed to enter Chile and began his return to Chile in August that year, touring and performing throughout the country. The tour started on 23 August in the Teatro Teletón and on the 24th in the Estadio Chile (now renamed Estadio Víctor Jara). On TVN, he performed for the first time in Chile his emotionally charged "Cuando Me Acuerdo de Mi País" ("When I Remember My Country") before an anxious public in the studio and before a nationwide audience. From this tour of Chile, which included Santiago, Concepción, Valparaíso  and Viña del Mar, Manns would comment: "… for now I have accomplished the basic priority of setting foot in my country again". However, since there were pending political trials against him he returned to Trez Vella in September the same year. The second step, the definitive return was only to be in 2000, when he decided to return and settle in Chile in the area of Concón. 21st century. The creative and artistic collaboration between Manns and Horacio Salinas continued with works interpreted by Inti-illimani such as "La Rosa de los Vientos" ("Rose of the Winds") (1999) and "Cantares  del Mito Americano" ("Songs on the American Myth") an unrecorded work that was performed in the Teatro Municipal of Viña del Mar in 2001. Horacio Salinas collaborated with Patricio Manns in the production of his first record as a soloist "Remos en el Agua" ("Oars on the Water") released in November 2003. Manns also participated in Inti-Illimani's DVD "Lugares Comunes" ("Common Places") recorded live in the Estadio Nacional de Chile. Manuel Meriño put music to Manns now famous poem "Vino del Mar" ("She Came from the Sea") dedicated to Marta Ugarte one of the victims of the Chilean  military dictatorship, song which was recorded by Inti-Illimani's "Lugares Comunes" ("Common Places") in 2003. During the four century celebration of the city of Nacimiento in December 2003, Manns was named an "illustrious son" of this city. In September 2003 he launched his work "Allende: la Dignidad Se Convierte en Costumbre" ("Allende: When Dignity Becomes a Custom") in the Estadio Nacional in homage to President Salvador Allende. In 2005 he recorded with the Ulli Simon Ensemble in Germany; in 2006 he collaborated in composing songs for Inti-Illimani's album "Pequeño Mundo" ("Small World") and "Esencial" ("Essential"). He also  recorded a CD with Mexican rancheras and corridos for a musical production of the Banco del Estado (Chile's State Bank). He also recorded a CD of ballads and boleros titled "Porque Te Amé" ("Because I Loved You") which was highly received in countries like Mexico and Peru. In 2010 he released "La tierra entera". In 2011 "La tierra entera" won the Altazor Award as the best record of popular music of 2010. In 2011, his song "The Pascua Lama" won the Viña del Mar Music Festival as the best song of folk-roots. Manns lived in Central Chile where  he has focused on the development of his literary career while he continued performing and creating music. Death. Manns died of heart failure at the Clínica Bupa de Reñaca in Viña del Mar on 25 September 2021, at the age of 84. Literature. Manns is one of the most prolific writers in Chile. His literary creations embrace various genres, from novels with historical themes to essays and plays and he has published more than 30 works. The unique structures of his textual constructs and the seamless conductive literary technique he uniquely employs have made him the subject of scholarly study  in various European and Latin American schools of literature and universities. "La conjetura escita" Editorial Catalonia, (2013). Bibliography. Fiction. "Música prohibida" Editorial El Tabo, (2014). Film. The 1975 movie "Letters from Marusia" directed by Miguel Littin was based on a novel by the same name that Manns published in 1974. The movie – which featured Gian Maria Volonté in the principal role - caused great controversy and unease among conservative circles in Chile at the time of its release. This movie won several awards and was also nominated for an Oscar in 1976 in the Best Foreign Language Film category. Awards and  recognition. Manns is broadly recognized for his multi-faceted prolific career as a musician and literary figure. He is a founder of the movement of neo-folkloric popular music that emerged in Chile in the 1960s and constituted a fundamental nexus between the Nueva Canción Chilena (New Chilean Song) movement and more current musical developments. As a literary figure he has developed in the field of poetry, as a non-fiction writer, in novels and in theatre. Manns has been awarded numerous prizes - both national and international – for recognition in his fields, among them are: