Beijing Subway rolling stock
All Beijing Subway trains run on 1,435mm standard gauge rail and draw power from the 750 V DC third rail, except those on Lines 6, 11 14, 16, 17 and 19, which use 1,500 V DC overhead wires. Lines 6, 15, Fangshan, and Changping have a designed maximum service speed of . The Airport Line is linear motor driven with a designed maximum service speed of All other Lines have a maximum service speed of . Currently Lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, Batong, Daxing, Changping, Fangshan, Yanfang, and Yizhuang use 6 car  B size trains. Initially, Lines Batong and 13 was originally used 4 car trains and now expanded into six. Type B Trains. The most common rolling stock of the Beijing Subway is the Type-B car, which has a carrying capacity of 245 passengers per car and top speed of , drawing 750V direct current (DC) power from the third rail. Most lines operate the six-car Type-B train set that can carry 1,460 passengers per train and transport 43,800 passengers per hour. Lines 6 and 7 use eight-car Type-B train sets that can carry 1,960 passengers per  train and 58,800 passengers per hour. The Type-B trains sets of Lines 6 and 7 can draw 1,500 V DC power and can reach . The Yanfang Line operates four-car Type-B train sets with ”driverless” automatic train operation. Type A Trains. Type-A cars run on Lines 14, 16, 17, 19 and under construction Lines 3 and 12. They are 3.1 meters longer, and 20 cm wider than Type-B cars with a designed capacity of 310 passengers per car and 10 sets of doors per train compared to 8 sets of doors per train on Type-B  cars. Type A cars draw 1,500 V DC power from overhead wire and can reach . Line 14 uses six-car Type A train sets which can carry 1,860 passengers per train and allow for throughput of up to 55,800 passengers per hour per direction. Line 16 uses eight-car Type-A train sets which can carry 2,480 passengers per train and allow for throughput of up 74,400 passengers per hour per direction. Type L trains. The Capital Airport Express has its distinct 4-car linear motor train sets, powered by 750V DC electricity via the third rail, and can reach  a maximum speed of . The under construction Line 28 will also use L type trains but 6 cars long. Type D Trains. The Daxing Airport Express uses Type-D train sets with top operational speed of . The eight-car train sets have seven passenger cars and one car to carry luggage. The under construction Line 22 will also use eight-car Type-D trains. Maglev. The S1 Line's maglev trains feature six-car train sets that run on 1,500 V DC power and can reach . Compared to subway trains that run on conventional track, the maglev train has a  smaller minimum turning radius of 75 meters compared to 200 meters, can climb steeper slope of 53‰ versus 40‰ and emits less noise. The six-car train set can carry 1,032 passengers. Light Rail Transit. The Xijiao LRT and Yizhuang Tram Line T1 operates five-car trams that draw 750V alternating current (AC) from overhead lines and can reach . Manufacturers. From the subway's inception to 2003, all Beijing subway trains were manufactured by the Changchun Railway Vehicles Company Ltd., now a subsidiary of the China CNR Corporation. All rolling stock on Lines 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 15 , Yizhuang, Airport and some of Line 1, 14, 16, and Yanfang line stocks are produced by CNR. However, Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Corp. has recently produced rolling stock for the Beijing subway. CSR produced all the trains for Lines 4, 8, Daxing, Changping, Daxing Airport Express and some of Line 1, 14, 16, and Yanfang Line. The Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corp., provides local assemblage, maintenance and repair services. It has also made trains  for line 7, Ba Tong, and Fangshan lines. History. First Generation. In the 1960s to mid-1970s, the Beijing Subway used DK2 and DK3 models made in Changchun. The DK stands for "diandong keche" or electrically-operated passenger car. These models and their derivatives, the DK3G, DK20, DK16A, BD1 and BD2 are classified by the Beijing Subway as the first generation. In recent decades, the Beijing Subway Rolling Stock Equipment Co. refurbished the DK16A and DK20 models, which remained in use well into the first decade of the 21st century. The refurbished DK16AG trains entered into service on Line 2  in 2005. Pyongyang Metro DK4 cars. During the opening of Line 13 some ex-Pyongyang Metro Changchun DK4 cars were used until the new order of cars replaced them. Second Generation. From the 1980 to the early 1990s, the subway introduced several new models including the DK6, DK9 and their derivatives the DK11, DK16 and GTO. The M-series trains that appeared on Lines 2 and 13 were made by Japan's Tokyu Car Corporation. Third Generation. In 1998, the subway began deploying a new generation of train sets that featured variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) control mechanisms. These models  include the DKZ4, DKZ5, and the DKZ6. DKZ stands for "diandong keche zu" or electric passenger train sets. The Changchun RVC also made 174 DK28-DK31 metro cars, which uses VVVF inverters and AC motors for Line 1, and 136 DK32-34 trains for Line 13. In 2005, Line Batong began using SFX01 and SFX02 trains made by Qingdao Sifang. The 40 trains of the Airport Express were made by a joint-venture between the Changchun RVC and Bombardier Transportation, and uses Bombardier's Advanced Rapid Transit (ART) Mark II technology. Fourth Generation. Since 2017, trains have been ordered with  capabilities for unattended automatic train operation. Starting with the DKZ70 and SFM16 trains on the Yanfang Line. Since then trains on the Daxing Airport Express, Lines 11, 17 and 19 operate or are capable of operating in GoA4 unattended train operation mode.