Hokuriku dialect
The is a Japanese dialect group spoken in Hokuriku region, consists of northern Fukui Prefecture, Ishikawa Prefecture, Toyama Prefecture, and Sado Island in Niigata Prefecture. Mainland Niigata dialect is classified into Tōkai-Tōsan dialect and Tōhoku dialect and southern Fukui dialect is classified into Kansai dialect. Phonology. In Hokuriku dialect, vowels at the end of monomoraic nouns often lengthen as well as Kansai dialect, while vowel reduction frequently occurs as well as Eastern Japanese including Standard Japanese. Some phonetic features are close to Tōhoku dialect. The high vowels "i" and "u" are sometimes pronounced central vowels. "shi" and  su, "chi" and "tsu", "ji" and "zu" are confused in Sado, Toyama, Noto dialects. "i" and "e" are also confused in Toyama and Noto dialects. In Hokuriku region, various pitch accents can be heard. Varieties of Kyoto-Osaka type accent are heard in Sado, Toyama and eastern Fukui such as Katsuyama and Ōno. In Izumi, easternmost village of Fukui, Tokyo type accent is heard. In central Fukui such as Fukui city and Echizen, monotonous accent is heard - there is no contrast between words based on accent. In Noto, varieties of Kyoto-Osaka type, monotonous accent and Tokyo type accent are  heard to each village. In Kaga and part of Fukui, an intermediate accent between Tokyo type and Kyoto-Osaka type is heard. Except for Sado dialect, intonation in pause of phase is often undulated. Grammar. Many grammatical features are common to other Western Japanese dialects and see Japanese dialects#Eastern and Western Japanese. Special features of Hokuriku dialect are follows: Regional differences. Fukui. The dialects of Fukui Prefecture are spoken in the northern part, and the spoken in the southern part. Because Fukui is close to Kansai on the south, Wakasa-ben resembles Kansai-ben closely, while Fukui-ben exhibits changes  in pronouncing the sounds of words to make the pronunciation more convenient. Ishikawa. The dialects of Ishikawa Prefecture are , spoken in the southern part, and the ,　spoken in the northern part. Kaga-ben has the spoken in Kanazawa and the , also spoken in Shiramine, a village at the foot of Mount Haku. Kanazawa is a capital of Ishikawa, so Kanazawa-ben is an influential dialect. The most famous phrase in Kanazawa-ben is the soft imperative suffix -"masshi" (～まっし), meaning -"nasai" (～なさい) in standard Japanese. This phrase is often used in catch phrases for visitors of Kanazawa, for  example, "Kimasshi Kanazawa!" (来まっし、金沢! "Come to Kanazawa!"). Recent works on Kanazawa-ben Toyama. The dialect of Toyama is called or and consists of West (Gosei, 呉西), East (Gotō, 呉東) and Gokayama. Instead of the colloquial "shitte iru ka?" (知っているか？ "Do you know?"), speakers of the Toyama-ben will ask, "shittokke?" (知っとっけ？). When expressing that something is incorrect, instead of saying the standard phrase "iie" (いいえ), users of the dialect will say "naan" (なあん), with a rising tone. Other regional distinctions include words like "kitokito" (キトキト "fresh" or "delicious") and "ikiiki" (イキイキ "energetic"). Other features : "kore" (これ "this")/"ka" or "ko", "sore  (それ that")/"sa" or "so". Toyama-ben speakers sometimes put "ze" instead of "ne" at the end of the sentence.