Yves Trudeau (biker)
Yves Trudeau (4 February 1946 – July 2008), also known as "Apache" and "The Mad Bumper", was a Canadian outlaw biker, gangster and hitman. A former member of the Hells Angels North chapter in Laval, Quebec, Trudeau was the club's leading assassin and a major participant in multiple biker conflicts throughout Canadian history, including the Popeyes–Devils Disciples War, the Satan's Choice–Popeyes War and the First Biker War. Frustrated by cocaine addiction and his suspicion that his fellow gang members wanted him dead, he became a government informant after the Lennoxville massacre. In exchange, he  received a lenient sentence – life in prison but eligible for parole after seven years – for the killing of 43 people from September 1973 to July 1985. Trudeau was granted parole in 1994, and given the new identity of Denis Côté. He was arrested in March 2004 for sexually assaulting a young boy and received four more years' imprisonent. In 2007, Trudeau learned he had cancer and was transferred from Archambault penitentiary to a medical centre, where he died in 2008. He was one of Canada's most notorious and prolific serial killers. Background. The years 1936 to 1960 is a  period of history known to Québécois as the "Grande Noirceur" ("Great Darkness") when Quebec was mostly ruled by the ultra-conservative Catholic Union Nationale party. Starting with the 1960 provincial election, which saw the "Union Nationale" defeated by the Quebec Liberals, Quebec society experienced sweeping changes known as the Quiet Revolution that saw Quebec go in the space of a decade from being one of the most conservative societies in North America to being one of the most liberal. As part of the reaction against the "medieval" Catholic social mores of the "Grande Noirceur", the Québécois embraced a culture of  hedonism in the 1960s with Quebec having for example a significantly higher rate of illegitimate births and drug use than English Canada. As part of the same backlash against the "suffocating" conformism of the "Grande Noirceur", outlaw motorcycle clubs became very popular in Quebec in the 1960s with many French-Canadian young men seeing the outlaw biker culture as a symbol of freedom, rebellion and machismo, and by 1968 "la belle province" had 350 outlaw biker clubs. One result of Quebec having so many outlaw motorcycle clubs was a degree of violence and viciousness between the different biker groups that  had no parallel in the rest of Canada as there were too many clubs seeking their share of the organized crime rackets, giving Quebec the reputation as the "Red Zone" in the outlaw biker world. The crime journalist James Dubro stated about the distinctive outlaw biker sub-culture of Quebec: "There's always has been more violence in Quebec. In the biker world it's known as the Red Zone. I remember an Outlaws hit man telling me he was scared going to Montreal." The Popeye Moto Club, led by Yves Buteau, were the Quebec club that would eventually become  Canada's first Hells Angels chapter. They were considered to be the most violent outlaw biker club in Quebec, and were infamous for engaging in gratuitous and sadistic violence that attracted the attention of the Hells Angels. The Popeyes were often employed by the Montreal Mafia to perform murders for them. Hells Angels. Trudeau joined the Popeye Moto Club in 1968. In 1975, the Ontario-based Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club began an alliance with the American Outlaws Motorcycle Club, allowing the Outlaws to gain a way to challenge the supremacy of the Hells Angels in Quebec through access to  the Montreal chapter of Satan's Choice. This led the Hells Angels-backed Popeyes into open conflict with the Satan's Choice Montreal chapter and their Outlaw allies, resulting in a number of casualties on both sides. The Popeyes had targeted the Devil's Disciples biker gang, who were allies of Satan's Choice. The Devils' Disciples and the Montreal chapter of Satan's Choice were engaged in the manufacturing and smuggling of chemical drugs, a market that the Popeyes decided to violently enter in 1974, leading to the biker war. Trudeau first rose to prominence as the Popeyes' ace  assassin during this struggle. By January 1976, the Devil's Disciples gang had voted to disband themselves after 15 of their members had been murdered since 1974, thereby giving the Popeye Club control of the area around St. Henri Square. Dubro said in an interview: "He had this fascination early in life with bikers and military things and weapons and bombs." Trudeau took a job with an explosives factory to learn how to handle explosives and would become an expert at building bombs. Pierre de Champlain, a former Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officer who wrote the book "Histoire du  crime organisé à Montréal", stated in an interview: "He was very professional, very meticulous, and that's why they used his services." Trudeau scalped one of his victims, which earned him the moniker "Apache".' On 5 December 1977, Trudeau would be a founding member of the Hells Angels in Quebec in 1977 after the Popeyes patched over. On the night of 17 February 1978, an incident occurred at a bar popular with the Hells Angels, the Brasserie Joey, when two Outlaws chose to drink until they were ejected by the Angels. When the two Outlaws stood outside cursing the Angels , a green car came down the street out of the snowfall, and briefly stopped while the driver opened fire. Trudeau was the driver and shooter who killed Côté and wounded the other. The incident sparked a biker war between the Hells Angels and the Outlaws that was to last until 1984. In September 1979, the Hells Angels national president Yves "Le Boss" Buteau broke up the Hells Angels Montreal chapter into a North chapter based in Laval led by Laurent "L'Anglais" Viau and a South chapter based in Sorel-Tracy led bv Réjean "Zig Zig" Lessard. The reason for the  breaking up the chapter into two was that the Montreal chapter had too many members and their clubhouse was becoming too crowded. Trudeau was assigned to the North chapter. The North chapter would become known for its violent and reckless behavior and excessive drug use. The North chapter were mostly former Popeyes, and still retained Popeye attitudes, in marked contrast to the Montreal South chapter headed by Lessard, which consisted of men who joined the Angels after 1977 and were more disciplined. After Buteau was assassinated by the Outlaws on 8 September 1983, the rules governing drug use were widely  ignored by Viau. The new Hells Angels national president, Michel "Sky" Langlois, was largely focused on expanding the Hells Angels into the other provinces. Viau had a more tolerant and relaxed attitude towards violence and drug use, which was encouraged by the absence of Buteau. Under Viau's leadership, the Laval chapter, which had often chafed at Buteau's rules, got out of control. Standing five-foot-six, weighing 135 pounds and clean shaven with short hair, Trudeau did not resemble the prototypical biker, but he is considered to be the Hells Angels' most prolific killer. Other Angels weighed between  300 and 400 pounds, had an average height of 6'0 feet, and had long hair and beards, leading the journalist Jerry Langton to write that "...nobody would have guessed he was the club's enforcer and primary weapon". The Irish-Canadian West End Gang led by Frank "Dunie" Ryan, who controlled the Port of Montreal and thus the importation of drugs into Quebec, frequently made use of Trudeau's services to liquidate their rivals. Trudeau admitted to killing 43 people from September 1970 to July 1985. He was the first Canadian Hells Angel to earn the "Filthy Few" patch, allegedly  awarded to members who have killed for the club. During a biker war between the Hells Angels and the Outlaws for control of Montreal's drug trade between 1978 and 1983, Trudeau killed 18 out of the 23 Outlaws slain during the conflict. Langton called Trudeau a "psychopathic killer" and a "killing machine" "par excellence", who was the Angels' most dangerous killer. Dubro stated about Trudeau: "He had absolutely no conscience, no respect for human life at all." To assist with his killings, Trudeau started to heavily use cocaine. Dubro commented: "Most of the hit men I've met have  been cokeheads, and they usually coke up before doing the killings. Makes it a little easier. Not all of them, but alcoholism and drug use is very common among hit men." Lennoxville massacre. Trudeau testified in 1985 that West End Gang chieftain Frank "Dunie" Ryan's successor, Allan "The Weasel" Ross, had offered to pay him $200,000 to eliminate Ryan's killers, but Ross later told Trudeau to collect from the Halifax Chapter instead who owned the West End Gang a drug debt. Trudeau had been promised by Ross that he would pay him $200,000 dollars to kill  April and he had been paid $25,000 dollars in advance. When Trudeau tried to collect the rest of the $200,000 after killing April and Lelièvre, Ross told him he should go collect the money from the Halifax and Sorel chapters of the Hells Angels who owned the West End Gang drug debts, saying he would forgive those debts if those chapters paid the money to Trudeau instead. The president of the Hells Angels Halifax chapter, David "Wolf" Carroll, paid Trudeau $98,000. Carroll later learned that the Laval chapter was actually entitled to one-quarter of the money , and that Trudeau had used the extra money to support his cocaine addiction. As the Halifax chapter was much poorer than the Laval chapter, Trudeau's behavior was considered to be especially crass. Trudeau's stealing from the Halifax chapter led directly to the Lennoxville massacre of March 1985. Trudeau's stealing from the Halifax chapter only added to the resentment many Hells Angels already felt towards members of the North Chapter. Other Hells Angels felt that the North Chapter bikers were too wild and uncontrollable. They often used drugs they were supposed to sell and were suspected of cheating  other chapters out of drug profits. A decision was made by Lessard to liquidate the North Chapter, in what would be known in biker history as the Lennoxville massacre. A meeting was set up at the Sherbrooke Chapter's clubhouse in Lennoxville on 24 March 1985. At that gathering, five members of the North Chapter were shot to death, wrapped in sleeping bags, and dumped in the St. Lawrence River. The others were allowed to live and were absorbed into the Montreal South chapter. Trudeau was supposed to be at that meeting, but had enrolled in a detoxification program the  week before. He later said he wanted to clean himself up, because he knew what happened to members who were always high. News of the North Chapter slaughter soon reached Trudeau at the detox centre in Oka, and Trudeau received a visit from a Montreal Chapter representative. Trudeau was told that he was out of the club and would have to have his club tattoos removed. Informant. After his release from the detox centre, Trudeau discovered that the Hells Angels had taken his motorcycle and $46,000 in cash that belonged to him from the North Chapter clubhouse. They said  they would return the bike if he killed two people for the gang. Trudeau succeeded in killing one of the targets. Jean-Marc Deniger was killed in May 1985 and stuffed in his car. Satisfied, the Hells Angels gave Trudeau his motorcycle back. Trudeau knew he was living on borrowed time, however. The Hells Angels had taken out a $50,000 contract on his head, and he decided to become a police informant and government witness. In 1985, Trudeau pleaded guilty to 43 counts of manslaughter, meaning that as far as the Crown is concerned, Trudeau did not intentionally kill  his 43 victims – 29 of whom died from firearms, 10 from bombs, three from being beaten to death, and one from strangulation. Police estimated 30 to 35 of his victims were other motorcycle gang members or sympathizers. Trudeau also testified on 40 other murders and 15 attempted murders. The Conservative senator Pierre-Hugues Boisvenu questioned the value of the plea bargain the Crown reached with Trudeau, saying: "Apache Trudeau didn't have to fight for his money, he didn't have to fight to be well treated. These are programs that cost us millions of dollars. The criminals take advantage  of protection that isn't available to victims and a lot of the criminals who turned informant will wind up being recidivist." As part of his controversial contract with the government, Trudeau was sentenced to life in prison, with eligibility for parole in seven years. Under his deal, the government also gave him $40,000 over the next four years and about $35 a week for cigarettes. Release from prison. Trudeau was granted parole in 1994 and given a new identity. He lived under the name Denis Côté, resettled in the Valleyfield area, lived with a woman who did n't know his past, and worked as an orderly in a nursing home and driving a bus for the handicapped. However, after being laid off in 2000, he slid back into cocaine addiction and sexually assaulted a 13-year-old boy after plying him with wine and beer, for which he pleaded guilty in 2004. He was sentenced to a four-year prison term. Quebec Court Judge Michel Duceppe noted "In your lifetime, you have killed more people than the Canadian military did in the Gulf War." Trudeau returned to prison under the double stigma of being both an informant  and a child molester, meaning that he had to be kept in isolation 23 hours a day. In 2006, Trudeau was diagnosed with bone-marrow cancer. In July 2008, the Canadian National Parole Board granted him parole and ordered him released to an outside medical-care facility. As part of his release, Trudeau was not allowed to contact minors or the victims of his crimes. The sister of one of Trudeau's victims, opposed to him being granted parole, told the "Journal de Montréal": "Killing to him was like buying a bag of milk. A guy like that doesn't  have a soul. That cancer is justice." Notable victims. Some of Trudeau's notable victims include: