Flesh fly
Sarcophagidae (from the Greek σάρξ "sarx" = flesh, φαγεῖν "phagein" = to eat) are a family of flies commonly known as flesh flies. They differ from most flies in that they are ovoviviparous, opportunistically depositing hatched or hatching maggots instead of eggs on carrion, dung, decaying material, or open wounds of mammals, hence their common name. Some flesh fly larvae are internal parasites of other insects such as Orthoptera, and some, in particular the Miltogramminae, are kleptoparasites of solitary Hymenoptera. The adults mostly feed on fluids from animal bodies, nectar, sweet foods, fluids from animal waste and other  organic substances. Juveniles need protein to develop and may be laid on carrion, dung or sweet plant foods (including fruit, nuts, and artificial foodstuffs). Diagnostic characteristics. Members of the subfamily Sarcophaginae are small to large flies with black and gray longitudinal stripes on the thorax and checkering on the abdomen. Other key features include red eyes and a bristled abdomen. Abdominal sternites II and III are free and cover the margins of tergites. The posthumeral bristles are one or two in number, with the outermost pair missing. The presutural bristle is located lower than the notopleural bristle, and closer to  the notopleural bristle than to the outermost posthumeral bristle. The presutural bristle is located higher than or level with the posthumeral bristle. The hindmost posthumeral bristle is located even with or toward the midline from the presutural bristle. Four notopleural bristles are present and arranged in the order - short, long, short, long - from front to rear. Vein M1 +2 (anterior transverse vein, medial vein 1+2 ) is always present, and the cubitulus is strongly bent at right angles or acute; vein Rs is dibranched. The eyes are smooth and very rarely hairy. The arista is plumose in its basal  half, or rarely pubescent or glabrous. Taxonomy. The family contains three subfamilies, the Miltogramminae, the Paramacronychiinae, and the Sarcophaginae, containing between them 108 genera. About 2500 species are in this family. Biology. Sarcophaginae : The majority of species in the large genus "Sarcophaga" are scavengers of small carrion, such as dead insects and snails or smaller vertebrates. A few species feed on larger vertebrate carcasses. Flesh fly maggots occasionally eat other larvae, although this is usually because the other larvae are smaller and get in the way. Flesh flies and their larvae are also known to eat decaying vegetable matter and  excrement, and they may be found around compost piles and pit latrines. Miltogramminae : Members of this subfamily are kleptoparasites of solitary bees and solitary wasps. Paramacronychiinae : This subfamily includes lepidopteran predators or parasitoids ("Agria"), predators on immatures (mainly prepupae) of bumblebees ("Brachicoma") and generalist scavengers and insect predators ("Sarcophila" and "Wohlfahrtia"). Association with disease. Flesh flies can carry leprosy bacilli and can transmit intestinal pseudomyiasis to people who eat their larvae. Flesh flies, particularly "Wohlfahrtia magnifica", can also cause myiasis in animals, mostly to sheep, and can give them blood poisoning, or asymptomatic leprosy infections. Identification. Generally, only males of  this family can reliably be identified to species, and then only by examination of dissected genitalia. The literature is incomplete or scattered for all regions. References include: References. Pape, T., Dahlem, G., Mello Patiu, C.A. de & Giroux, M. 25 June 2010. The World of Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Accessed on [4 April 2012].