Glaucopsyche alexis
Glaucopsyche alexis, the green-underside blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Palearctic. The butterfly flies from April to July depending on the location, lingering in warm, lush meadows with plenty of its host plant, vetch ("Vicia"). Description from Seitz. L. cyllarus Rott. (= damoetas Schiff.) (82 f). Male above light cyaneous blue with a violet sheen and narrow black border; female darker blue with the black border gradually shading off, so that it occupies nearly the whole outer half of the wings. Beneath silver-grey (male) or ashy grey (female), the  forewing with 5 or 6 large rounded black spots, the hindwing with small ocelli and in its whole basal half with metallic blue-green dusting. In ab. "dimus" Bgstr. the ocelli of the forewing beneath are reduced to 4; on the other hand, they may also be increased in number, or may be elongate (= "subtus-radiata" Oberth.). In European Turkey and the neighbouring districts of Anterior Asia the ocelli of the forewing appear to be constantly or at least commonly enlarged, the blue also being darker; this is ab. "tristis" Gerh.. Throughout Central and Southern Europe, North Africa and  North Asia to the Amur; absent from England and Japan. — ab. "andereggii " Ruhl (82 g) occurs in the Alps (perhaps also elsewhere); it is a large female-form which is above entirely black-brown, the underside being dark ashy grey, with the very large ocelli placed in pale rings.— "blachieri " Mill. (82 g) is a very small form from Southern France and the Yalais which has beneath only 4 ocelli on the forewing and very scanty blue-green dusting at the base of the hindwing; above darker and duller blue. — "coelestina" Mill., nec Ev. (82 g) is similar to the  preceding form; above very dull in colour, underside with blue-green scaling only in the basal half, the ocelli of the forewing reduced in size, those of the hindwing almost obsolete. — "lugens" Car. (82 g) has altogether lost the ocellli of the hindwing; the male is darker blue above, the female being entirely black-brown almost like the female of "semiargus" without any blue; the blue-green scaling on the hindwing beneath is entirely absent or nearly. — "aeruginosa" Stgr., from South Russia, Asia Minor (especially the Lebanon) into Central Asia, has the hindwing beneath entirely dusted with blue-green. — "laetifica  Pung., from the Ili R., has similar underside, but the blue of the upperside is purer and more brilliant in both sexes; the club of the antenna has a different shape (being more elongate) and is reddish yellow on the innerside, so that Pungeler regarded laetifica" as being perhaps a distinct species. — Larva green or brownish, with reddish brown dorsal line accompanied by dark oblique parallel stripes which stand close together; head black. In June and the autumn on "Cytisus", "Genista", "Astragalus", "Melilotus", etc. Pupa greyish brown. North of the Alps, where occurs only one brood, the larva probably hibernates . The butterflies occur singly but are mostly common, being found on clearings in timber-woods and on wide roads, where they flutter along usually 1 to 2 m above the ground, with a slow, straight, flapping flight. They appear in the South in the spring and again from July onwards, in the North only once, at the end of May and in June.