Kempton Bunton
Kempton Cannon Bunton (14 June 1904 – 1976) was a disabled British pensioner who stole Francisco Goya's painting "Portrait of the Duke of Wellington" from the National Gallery in London in 1961. The theft of the painting was the subject of the October 2015 BBC Radio 4 drama "Kempton and the Duke" and the 2020 movie "The Duke". A National Archives file released in 2012 revealed that Bunton's son, John, had confessed to the theft in 1969. Motive. Bunton was a disabled retired bus driver who earned £8 a week in 1961 (equivalent to £ in  ). In that year, Charles Bierer Wrightsman, a rich American art collector who made his money in the oil business, purchased Goya's painting "Portrait of the Duke of Wellington" for the sum of £140,000 ($390,000) (). He had plans to take it to the United States. The British Government decided to buy the painting, for the same sum, to prevent the painting leaving Britain. The move was reported to have enraged Bunton, however, who objected to the television licence fee, considering that TV should be made available to everybody who needed it; he had campaigned for free TV licences  for pensioners, and been imprisoned several times for refusing to pay for a licence. Theft. According to his own account, from conversations with guards at the National Gallery, Bunton learnt that the elaborate electronic security system, of infrared sensors and alarms, was deactivated in the early morning to allow for cleaning. Bunton claimed that, on the early morning of 21 August 1961, he had loosened a window in a toilet and entered the gallery. He had then prised off the framed painting from the display and escaped via the window. The police initially assumed that an expert art thief was  responsible. A letter was received by the Reuters news agency, however, requesting a donation of £140,000 to charity to pay for TV licences for poorer people and demanding an amnesty for the thief, for which the painting would be returned. The request was declined. Return and prosecution. In 1965, four years after the theft, Bunton contacted a newspaper, and through a left-luggage office at Birmingham New Street railway station, returned the painting voluntarily. Six weeks later, he also surrendered to the police, who initially discounted him as a suspect, considering the unlikelihood of a 61-year-old retiree  weighing executing the theft. During the subsequent trial, the jury convicted Bunton only of the theft of the frame, which had not been returned. Bunton's defence team, led by Jeremy Hutchinson QC, successfully claimed that Bunton never wanted to keep the painting, which meant he could not be convicted of stealing it. Bunton was sentenced to three months in prison. In a direct response to the case, Section 11 of the Theft Act 1968 was enacted, making it an offence to remove without authority any object displayed or kept for display to the public in a building to which  the public have access. In 1996, documents released by the National Gallery implied that another person may have carried out the actual theft, and then passed the painting to Bunton. Bunton's son John was mentioned. In 2012, following a Freedom of Information request by Richard Voyce, and with the assistance of Sarah Teather MP, the National Archives released a confidential file from the Director of Public Prosecutions in which Bunton's son John confessed to the theft following his arrest in 1969 for an unrelated minor offence. John Bunton said that his father had intended to use the painting  as part of his campaign and that it would ultimately have been returned to the National Gallery. He said that both he and his brother, Kenneth, had been ordered by their father not to come forward despite the trial. Sir Norman Skelhorn, the Director of Public Prosecutions, told the police that John Bunton's admission of guilt was almost certainly not sufficient to prosecute him. Skelhorn also advised that it would be difficult to prosecute Bunton senior for perjury, as the prosecution would have to rely on the evidence of the son, who was clearly an unreliable witness. No further  action was taken. Bunton died in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1976. His death went largely unreported and there were no obituaries in the major newspapers. In the arts. The theft entered popular culture, as is referenced in the 1962 James Bond film "Dr. No", with the painting displayed in Dr. No's lair. Episode 6, season 2 of "The Goodies", "Culture for the Masses", references some aspects of the case. The story of the theft and the following trial of Bunton was dramatized in the 2020 movie "The Duke", starring Jim Broadbent and Helen Mirren, shown in UK cinemas from  25 February 2022; Christopher Bunton revealed details not previously known about his grandfather's theft, including the family side of the story. In 2015, the comedy drama "Kempton and the Duke" by David Spicer was broadcast on BBC Radio 4. In 2020 a musical set around the story of the theft, titled "Kempton Bunton" with book by Richard Voyce, music by Luke Bateman and lyrics by Richard Hughes, was due to be showcased at BEAM 2020, the festival of new musical theatre, organised by Mercury Musical Developments.