The Lurker at the Threshold
The Lurker at the Threshold is a horror novel by American writer August Derleth, based on short fragments written by H. P. Lovecraft, who died in 1937, and published as a collaboration between the two authors. According to S. T. Joshi, of the novel's 50,000 words, 1,200 were written by Lovecraft. The novel was originally published in 1945 by Arkham House in a hardcover edition of 3,041 copies, listed as the second (and final) volume in the "Library of Arkham House Novels of Fantasy and Terror". A British hardcover followed from Museum Press in  1948. The first British paperback was issued in 1970, with an American paperback published by Beagle Books in 1971. The novel has since been regularly reissued by Ballantine Books, then by Carroll & Graf. A French translation, "Le rôdeur devant le seuil", appeared in 1973. "The Lurker at the Threshold" was included in "The Watchers Out of Time and Others", the 1974 Arkham House omnibus edition of Derleth's stories credited as collaborations with Lovecraft (but excluded from similarly titled paperback editions compiling those stories). Composition. "I constructed and wrote "The Lurker at the Threshold" ", Derleth acknowledged, "which had nowhere been  laid out, planned, or plotted by Lovecraft". He elsewhere described the novel as "decidedly inferior work, since 9/10ths of it was written by me from Lovecraft’s notes". Derleth reported using two Lovecraft fragments in writing the novel. S. T. Joshi, however, finds that while Derleth incorporated text from two Lovecraft fragments into the novel, "Of Evill Sorceries Done in New-England of Daemons in no Humane Shape" and "The Round Tower", he also used an untitled fragment, usually referred to as "The Rose Window", in framing his narrative. Derleth cited only the "Tower" and "Window" fragments in his account  of his writing "Lurker", although he drew on "Evill Sorceries" much more extensively, changing the date of the events described from 1684 to 1788. Reception. E. F. Bleiler rated the novel as the best of Derleth's Lovecraft pastiches, but felt that "[t]he New England background is not convincing, and the Lovecraft manner is not captured successfully." Baird Searles reviewed "Lurker" favorably: although Derleth makes modern references that Lovecraft avoided, "the novel's atmosphere is still wonderfully sinister". Joshi wrote that "Lurker" "begins well, but it rapidly deteriorates into a naive good-versus-evil struggle between the Old Ones and  the Elder Gods". Characters. Richard Billington. The first Billington to lay claim to Billington's Wood. According to the book "Of Evill Sorceries Done in New-England of Daemons in No Humane Shape", in the early years of the Plymouth Colony, during the governorship of William Bradford (1621–1657), Billington set up "a great Ring of Stones" where he said "Prayers to ye Devil" and "sung certain Rites of Magick abominable by Scripture". After a series of mysterious deaths were linked to him, he disappeared, and was said by the Wampanaug Indians to have been "eat up by what he had  call'd out of ye Sky." Misquamacus. An "ancient Wonder-Worker" of the Wampanaug tribe. According to the fictional book "Of Evill Sorceries Done in New-England of Daemons in No Humane Shape", Misquamacus teaches "Sorceries" to Richard Billington and imprisons Ossadagowah, a spawn of Tsathoggua, in a ring of stones. The same character later reappears in the early 19th century as Quamis, a servant of Alijah Billington and the guardian of his son Laban. Quamis, described as a Narragansett Indian, is a worshipper of Nyarlathotep. The character Misquamacus is also the villain of the 1976 novel "The Manitou" (which was  made into a film of the same name starring Tony Curtis, Susan Strasberg, Burgess Meredith and Michael Ansara in 1978), the 1979 novel "Revenge of the Manitou", the 1993 novel "Burial", the 1996 short story "Spirit Jump", the 2005 novel "Manitou Blood", the 2009 novel "Blind Panic" and the 2015 novel "Plague of the Manitou", all written by Graham Masterton. Alijah Billington. Billington inherits Richard Billington's estate in the early 19th century. He enters into a rivalry with Reverend Ward Phillips, who accused Billington and his forebear of practicing sorcery. The feud culminated with the disappearance of John Druven , one of Phillips' supporters. Afterwards, Billington leaves for England with his son Laban and his servant Quamis, remaining there until his death. Ward Phillips. Reverend of the Second Church (later First Baptist Church) of Arkham. In 1805, he became the librarian at Miskatonic University. He is chiefly known for his book "Thaumaturgical Prodigies in the New-English Canaan". When Alijah Billington found out that the book accused his ancestor of practicing sorcery, he started a feud with Phillips, which lasted several months. Shortly after one of his proponents, John Druven, disappeared, Phillips seemingly had a change of heart and began  buying and burning every copy of his book that he could lay his hands on. The name is an homage to Howard Phillips Lovecraft. A character of the same name appears in Lovecraft's "Through the Gates of the Silver Key". John Druven. An occasional correspondent for the Arkham "Gazette" and a friend of Ward Phillips. He disappeared after accepting an invitation from Alijah Billington to investigate strange noises emanating from Billington's Wood. Ambrose Dewart. A descendant of Laban Billington who comes to Arkham in 1921 to reclaim his family's property which had been abandoned for roughly a  century. He is described as "a hawk-faced man of medium height, chiefly distinguished for a flare of red hair which gave him a tonsured appearance, keen of eye and tight of lip, exceedingly correct and possessed of a dry sort of humor... a man of some fifty years of age, brown-skinned, who had lost his only son in the great war." Locals blame him for a subsequent series of unexplainable disappearances in the area. He disappeared in 1924. Seneca Lapham. A professor of anthropology at Miskatonic University and a graduate of the same institution (class of 1879). He  investigated the events of Billington's Wood and procured several of the family's books for the University library. He also appears in Lin Carter's "The Horror in the Gallery". References in popular culture. The book is referenced as the name of the four-part "Lurker At The Threshold" suite by avant-garde musician Buckethead on his album "The Elephant Man's Alarm Clock" (2006). The title of the book is seen written on the chalkboard behind high school teacher Jake Amberson as a reading assignment in a scene from the first episode of the filmed adaptation of Stephen  King's novel "11/22/1963". King is a lifelong fan of Lovecraft and has himself written stories considered to be influenced by the Cthulhu Mythos.