Manduria
Manduria is a city and "comune" of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Taranto. With c. 32,000 inhabitants (2013), it is located east of Taranto. History. It was an important stronghold of the Messapii against Taras. Archidamus III, king of Sparta, fell beneath its walls in 338 BC, while leading the army of the latter (Manduria is also referred to as "Mandonion" in works by the Greek and Roman historian Plutarch). Manduria revolted against Hannibal, but was taken in 209 BC. Pliny the Elder mentions Manduria in Natural History. He describes a well with a strangely constant water level . No matter how much water was taken out the water level never changed. The well also features an almond tree growing right from the middle of the well shaft. The well may still be seen today. The town was destroyed by the Saracens in the 10th century. The inhabitants rebuilt on the site of the present town, which they renamed Casalnuovo. In 1700 they took back the ancient name of Manduria. Main sights. The modern city is close to the site of the ancient Manduria, considerable remains of the defences of which can still be seen; they consisted of a  double line of wall built of rectangular blocks of stone, without mortar, and with a broad ditch in front. Ancient tombs with gold ornaments were found in 1886. The symbol of the city is a well with an almond tree growing from the center, which was mentioned by the Roman author Pliny the Elder in Naturalis Historia, a work published in the 1st century AD. The well (named Fonte Pliniano after Pliny the Elder ) can still be seen today exactly as it was described some 2,000 years ago, with the almond tree still rising out of the center. Other sights  include: Primitivo di Manduria. Primitivo di Manduria is a heavy, full-bodied red wine, an effect of the warm growing conditions in Southern Italy's Apulia region. It is made from the locally grown Primitivo grape (also known as Zinfandel). The quality of Primitivo wine has been recognized in Italy for centuries. It was once mainly used for blending by more commercially successful wineries in Northern Italy. They relied on it to give their wines depth. Because of a general lack of commercialization in Apulia, Primitivo is still largely unknown outside of Italy but the wine is gaining popularity in  the UK for example. Small-scale producers have a hard time reaching the international market to compete on the same level as more famous Italian wine varieties. The Primitivo grape variety has been discovered to be genetically similar to California's Zinfandel. It has its roots in the oldest of wine traditions. While some claim that the Primitivo grape originated in ancient Greece and was brought over by some of the first settlers of the Italian peninsula, recent DNA-based research has shown it to be genetically identical to a Croatian varietal. Primitivo di Manduria DOC is made from 100 % Primitivo grapes (unlike other Primitivo wines, like Gioia del Colle Primitivo, which are blends). This wine is also characterized by an unusually high alcohol by volume percentage - around 14%. Wines made from Primitivo have notes of plum and spice, like Zinfandel, but because of different growing soils and climate, the fruit character is less jammy, the structure more akin to old world wines, with rustic notes of earth and spice, as well as tamed fruit flavors. Cuisine. In addition to Primitivo di Manduria, other typical recognised food of the city are Uva di Puglia PGI, "Terra d'Otranto" extra-virgin olive , an ecotype of carosello and the tomato "Pomodorino di Manduria".