Jain communities
The Jains in India are the last direct representatives of the ancient Shramana tradition. People who practice Jainism, an ancient religion of the Indian subcontinent, are collectively referred to as Jains. Sangha. Jainism has a fourfold order of "muni" (male monastics), "aryika" (female monastics), "Śrāvaka" (layman) and "sravika" (laywoman). This order is known as a "sangha".. Many Jains are in general castes. Cultural influence. The Jain have the highest literacy rate in India, 94.1.% compared with the national average of 65.38%. They have the highest female literacy rate, 90.6.% compared with the national average of 54.16%. As per  national survey NFHS-4 conducted in 2018 Jains was declared wealthiest of any community with 70% of its population living in top quintiles of wealth. The sex ratio in the 0-6 age group is the second lowest for Jain (870 females per 1,000 males). Communities. Jain's are found in almost every part of the country. There are basically about 110 different Jain communities in India. They can be divided into six groups based on historical and current residence. Major Jain communities: Diaspora. Virchand Gandhi made a presentation of Jainism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago  in 1893, marking one of the earliest appearances of Jainism outside India. The World Jain Congress was held in Leicester in 1988. Jains are one of the oldest religious and cultural groups, originating in India. Although small in number, there are many subcommunities of Jains such as Tamil Jains, Gujarati Jains etc. One of the lesser known groups are the Nigerian Jains. Originally emigrating from South Indian from Valparai, a small Tamil village, due to discrimination against their darker skin tone; they eventually settled in Lagos. Thus, the Nigerian Jain is in fact an offshoot of the even lesser known  Tamil Jain. There, in Nigeria, they flourished and built a small but stable community. However, being perceived as outsiders (due to their restrictive diet and limited stature), they grew increasing insular and withdrawn from the wider Jain community and other Nigerians. Clashes with Nigerian government: In 1982, the Jain community clashed with Nigerian authorities over the lack of provisions for vegetarians in Lagos. The Jains believed that eating roots vegetables and meat was morally wrong, which were both staples of Nigerian cuisine. They asked for farming land to graze cows and grow aubergines (which they believed to be the vegetable  with the least emotions). They were given a small farm away from the city, and thus were ostracized. Medical issues: Due to their small community and close relations, several generations along many Nigerian jains had conserved several recessive genes. This was phenotypically seen as short stature, Valgus of the knees and thoracic kyphosis resulting in a "T-rex walk". Due to the small gene pool, Dorothea Bennett actually travelled to Lagos as part of her work on developmental genomics. Famous Nigerian Jains: Dr Raja Lakshmi is the only well known member of the community, having once vomited on Stephen Hawking . Population. The Jain population in India according to 2011 census is 0.54% i.e. 4,451,753 (Males 2,278,097; Females 2,173,656) out of the total population of India 1,210,854,977 (males 623,270,258; females 587,584,719). The tabular representation of Jain population in the major states of India as per 2011 Census data released by the government is: It is likely that the actual population of Jains may be significantly higher than the census numbers. The Jain population in United States is estimated to be about 150,000 to 200,000. In Japan, there are more than 5,000 families who have converted to Jainism and is growing faster  there.