CSS Palmetto State
CSS "Palmetto State" was an ironclad ram built in January 1862 by Cameron and Co., Charleston, South Carolina, under the supervision of Flag Officer D. N. Ingraham, CSN. She was readied for service in the American Civil War by September 1862 when Lieutenant Commander John Rutledge, CSN, was placed in command. Her casemate armor was thick, backed by of wood, while of iron armor was used everywhere else. Her pilothouse was not placed forward but was positioned abaft of the smokestack. Before dawn on January 31, 1863, "Palmetto State" and her sister ram crept through thick haze  to surprise the Union blockading force off Charleston. Taking full advantage of her low silhouette in the darkness, the ironclad steamed in under the guns of , ramming as well as firing heavy shot point-blank into her hull. Completely disabled, with cannons that could not be depressed low enough to fire at "Palmetto State", the Union ship was forced to surrender. The ram then turned her attention to , firing several shells into the blockader. Her steam chests punctured, "Keystone State" lost all power and had to be towed to safety. A long-range cannon duel between the Confederate rams and  other Union blockaders then took place, but little damage was inflicted by either side before "Palmetto State" and "Chicora" withdrew to safety within Charleston Harbor. The attack by the Confederate rams caused the temporary withdrawal of the blockaders from their inshore positions and led to the claim by the Confederate government, unsuccessfully advanced, that the blockade of Charleston had been broken. "Palmetto State" also joined in the defense of Charleston during Admiral Samuel Francis du Pont's unsuccessful April 1–7, 1863 attack on the harbor forts. Her officers and men were cited for rendering valuable services on the night of  September 6–7, 1863 during the removal troops from Fort Wagner and Battery Gregg. "Palmetto State" was later set afire by the Confederates to avoid capture upon the evacuation of Charleston on February 18, 1865.