Kamal al-Din al-Nabhani
Kamal al-Din al-Nabhani (January 3, 1929 – December 31, 2006) was a Lebanese politician who was one of the founders of the Islamist political party of Hizb ut-Tahrir. Early life. Kamal al-Din al-Nabhani was born on January 3, 1929, in Beirut, Lebanon. Thoughts. Philosophy and theology. In his books "Thought" and "System of Islam 2" (based on the work of his father Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani), Nabhani placed heavy emphasis on modes and models of the psychology behind human thought and its concepts. He defined the thought process and how  it becomes a conviction or concept. He discussed the internal working of thoughts, convictions, and concepts in shaping the Nafs (emotions and sentiments). He also explained how people reach conclusions and the psychology behind the process. This process derives from his father's roots in non-Ascetic legalistic Sufism and from his first teacher and maternal grandfather, Ismail al-Nabhani. Nabhani's definitions of thought have been used in the study of computer science, artificial intelligence, and information processing and in London South Bank University's information technology department. After many philosophical discussions on the nature of thoughts and emotions , Nabhani concludes that the only way to bring about change is through discussion, refutation, and revival of the relevant thoughts and emotions. From this philosophical basis, he argues that force does not work to change peoples' ideas. He also argues that a decline in Muslims' mental, emotional, and conceptual lives led to the decline of Muslim culture and the eventual destruction of the Caliphate. He believed the first major step in the decline of Muslim culture was confusion and conflict with new foreign ideas, mainly Greek, Persian, and Eastern philosophy. He argues that the Islamic world does not know how  to address and contextualize these ideas because they have become insular and complacent instead of preserving Islamic thought and philosophy and keeping it relevant to a world in flux. The heavy emphasis on pinpointing, defining, and changing peoples thoughts, convictions, or emotions via stronger thoughts, diagnosis, and refutation of the process an individual uses to reach their particular "incorrect" view has become a recurring argument used by the Hizb ut-Tahrir political party on most issues. Faith vs. rational belief. Nabhani claimed that Islam is founded on the rational belief and not blind faith, quite similar to Ghazali's Kalam  argument. However, both Nabhani and Ghazali argued that after "Aqeeda" (belief) is established, divine laws in the Quran are beyond question due to the "mind" of God being beyond human comprehension. Nabhani loosely affirmed rationalism (though not that of the Mu'tazili), but argued that it can establish belief in a God just like Ghazali and Ghazali's teacher al-Juwayni, contrary to the common western notion of rationalism. Nabhani tried to outline materialist arguments and axioms to prove that one unlimited creator of the universe, God (Allah), can be proven by rational deduction. He believed that both the dependency and  limited physical nature of every tangible thing within human perception ultimately point to an unlimited creator who is beyond need and dependency, an absolute infinite.