Russian cruiser Marshal Ustinov
The Russian cruiser "Marshal Ustinov" (), is a (Project 1164) of the Russian Navy. The Russian name for the ship type is "Gvardeysky Raketnyy Kreyser" (GRKR), meaning "Guards Missile Cruiser". The ship is named after Dmitriy Ustinov, a former Soviet Minister of Defence. "Marshal Ustinov" was assigned to the 43rd Missile Ship Division of the Russian Northern Fleet, whose homeport is in Severomorsk. From 2012 to 2016, the cruiser underwent a major overhaul. The vessel returned to service in 2017 and has since been deployed to the Mediterranean Sea. Description. "Marshal Ustinov" is a designed during the  Soviet Union as a "Raketnyy Kreyser" or "anti-ship rocket cruiser (RKR)." As originally constructed the vessel had a standard displacement of and at full load. By 2009, this had decreased to standard and at full load. The cruiser measures long with a beam of and a draught of . The vessel is powered by a combined gas or gas (COGOG) system comprising four boost gas turbines and two cruise gas turbines driving two shafts for a combined . This gives the cruiser a maximum speed of and a range of at . As built the cruiser had a complement of 505. This  was later reduced to 476 including 62 officers. "Marshal Ustinov" when constructed was armed with sixteen P-500 Bazalt (SS-N-12 Sandbox) anti-ship missiles (SSM) in two eight-missile launchers located amidships to either side of the superstructure. They are also equipped with 64 S-300F "Fort" (SA-N-6 Grumble) long-range surface-to-air missiles (SAM) in eight eight-missile launchers located aft of the funnel and four OSA-M (SA-N-4 Gecko) SR SAMs in two twenty-round launchers located aft, to either side of the hangar. "Marshal Ustinov" is also armed with twin-mounted AK-130 /L70 dual purpose  guns located forward and six AK-630 close-in weapons systems with two located forward atop the superstructure and four located amidships to either side of the superstructure. For anti-submarine warfare (ASW), the cruiser mounts two RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars, each with six barrels and ten torpedo tubes two quintuple launchers behind shutters near the stern. The ship was equipped with MR-800 Voskhod/Top Pair 3-D long range air search and MR-700 Fregat/Top Steer air/surface search radar. For ASW, the cruisers is equipped with MG-332 Tigan-2T/Bull Nose hull-mounted LF and Platina/Horse Tail MF VDS  sonar. "Marshal Ustinov" mounts MR-184/Kite Screech fire control radar for the 130 mm guns, 3R41 Volna/Top Dome radar for SA-N-6 SAM control, MPZ-301 Baza/Pop Group radar for SA-N-4 SAM control and Argument/Front Door-C radar for SSM control and 3 Bass Tilt radars for the AK-630s. The cruiser also utilises the Punch Bowl satellite link for its weapon targeting systems. For electronic warfare, the ship is supplied with the Kol'cho suite with Gurzhor-A&B/Side Globe intercept and MR-404/Rum Tub jammers. The vessel mounts two PK2 chaff launchers. The single Top Dome radar  only has a 180° arc and presents a blind spot forward for the SA-N-6 missiles. The cruiser has a flight deck over the stern and a hangar. The cruiser can utilise either one Kamov Ka-25 or Kamov Ka-27 helicopter. The hangar is one-half deck below the flight deck and is reached via an inclined ramp. The helicopter is maneuvered using a chain-haul system. The helicopter can provide over-the-horizon targeting for "Marshal Ustinov"s weapon systems. Construction and career. Hull number 070 was laid down at the 61 Kommuna#445 Yard, Mykolaiv on 5 October 1978 as  the second "Slava"-class ship initially named "Admiral Lobov". The cruiser was launched on 25 February 1982 and commissioned in the Soviet Red Banner Northern Fleet as the renamed "Marshal Ustinov" on 15 September 1986. Beginning in March 1987, the cruiser began operations with the fleet. "Marshal Ustinov" has been known to carry two other hull numbers than her original (070); 088 and 055. From December 1987 to June 1988, she performed the tasks of military service in the Mediterranean Sea. In 1989 "Marshal Ustinov" was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea again. Between 22−26 July 1989 the cruiser, along with the  oiler and the destroyer , paid an official visit to the naval base of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. This marked only the second time Soviet warships had made a visit to the United States since World War II. On 4 January 1991 "Marshal Ustinov" started a patrol duty in the Mediterranean Sea. Between 16−20 July 1991 the cruiser paid a visit to the naval base of Mayport, Florida, United States. "Marshal Ustinov" was accompanied by the oiler and the destroyer "Simferopol". This marked the third time Soviet warships had visited the United States since the end of the Cold War. Between  30 June–5 July 1993 she paid a visit to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada alongside the destroyer . In 1994, then commissioned in the Russian Northern Fleet, "Marshal Ustinov" was laid up at the Severnaya Verf shipyard in St. Petersburg awaiting extensive repairs. The refit was completed in May 1995. In December 1996, the People's Republic of China purchased two s and the income from this sale made it possible to pay for the $US169 million repairs to "Marshal Ustinov". "Marshal Ustinov" remained in St. Petersburg until 1998 when the cruiser returned to the Northern Fleet. From 21 September to  22 October 2004 "Marshal Ustinov" took part in a long voyage of the carrier strike group of the Northern Fleet to the north-eastern part of the Atlantic. Beginning on 17 July 2008 the cruiser patrolled the waters of the Arctic Ocean around Spitsbergen, replacing the destroyer . In March 2011 it was reported that "Marshal Ustinov" could be transferred to the Russian Pacific Fleet. In 2011, it was decided to give the cruiser a moderate overhaul. However, in 2012, the navy decided to completely rework the cruiser. In 2012 the cruiser was laid up for repairs and upgrades at the  Zvyozdochka Shipyard. The refit comprised repairs to ship's hull structures, propeller-steering group mechanisms, main power plant, and general systems. The electronic weapons systems were upgraded with digital devices. It was during this refit that the P-500 Bazalt missiles were upgraded to the modernized P-1000 Vulkan missiles. The ship rejoined the navy in 2016, and returned to active service in April 2017. On 12 May 2017, "Marshal Ustinov", with cruise missiles on board, went on exercises in the Barents Sea. On 4 July 2017, together with the destroyer , "Marshal Ustinov" sailed from Severomorsk to the Baltic Sea and on  29 July she took part in the Main Naval Parade in St. Petersburg in honor of the Navy Day. On 5 December 2017, the cruiser completed combat training missions in training ranges in the Barents Sea to repulse conventional air attacks of Sukhoi Su-33 fighters. Between 11 August–12 November 2018, "Marshal Ustinov" was deployed to the Mediterranean Sea for the fourth time after 1988, 1989 and 1991 deployments. On 3 July 2019, "Marshal Ustinov" left Severomorsk to participate in the Main Naval Parade in St. Petersburg before joining the Russian Navy exercise "Ocean Shield-2019" in the Baltic Sea and on  22 August, entered the waters of the Mediterranean Sea. There, she visited ports in Algeria, Egypt, Turkey, Greece and Cyprus. "Marshal Ustinov" afterwards transited Gibraltar again and sailed into the Atlantic. On its way to South Africa, the cruiser paid a port visit to Equatorial Guinea. This was only a third time after the Cold War that a Russian cruiser entered the South Atlantic, the first two being in 2008/2009 and in 2015. Between 25 and 30 November "Marshal Ustinov" participated in joint naval drills with South Africa and China. After the drills she transited Gibraltar. On 6 January 2020  it was reported that the cruiser will be deployed off Syria due to the danger of an Iran-US war in order to provide protection for the Russian troops in Syria and to ensure stability in the region. She returned to the homeport Severomorsk in February 2020, ending the 7-month deployment. Afterwards, she held drills in the Barents Sea in May, June and July 2020. In February 2021, "Marshal Ustinov" took part in the large-scale exercises in the Barents Sea. She entered the Barents Sea two times under the command of Captain 2nd Rank Andrey Krivoguzov. Other ships  active in the area in January - February include destroyer "Severomorsk", frigate with the tug "Altay", nuclear submarine "Severodvinsk", that launched a Kalibr missile, corvettes "Aysberg", "Snezhnogorsk", "Yunga" and "Brest" and salvage vessel "Georgiy Titov" with deep-submergence rescue vehicle "AS-34". On 22 February, the same day as US bombers landed in Norway for the first time, "Marshal Ustinov" sailed in Varanger fjord in the area of Russia-Norway maritime border, becoming the first Russian warship to do so in the post-Cold War era. She entered the Barents Sea again on 4 March. On 1 June, the ship participated in  drills in the Barents Sea along with . Afterwards, the ship embarked on a journey towards the Baltic Sea in order to participate in the Naval Parade in St. Petersburg, along with destroyer "Vice-Admiral Kulakov", landing ship "Pyotr Morgunov", tug "Altay" and nuclear submarines "Orel", "Knyaz Vladimir" and "Vepr". In February 2022, the cruiser deployed to the Mediterranean and linked-up with her sister ship, "Varyag" deploying to the Mediterranean from the Pacific.