Punk zine
History. 1970s: origins. Starting in the 1970s, the DIY aesthetic of the punk subculture created a thriving underground press. Amateur magazines related to punk were inspired by the rock fanzines of the early 1970s, which were inspired by zines from the science fiction fan community. Perhaps the most influential of the fanzines to cross over from science fiction fandom to rock and, later, punk rock and new wave music was Greg Shaw's "Who Put the Bomp", founded in 1970. One of the earliest punk zines was "Punk", founded in New York City by John Holmstrom, Ged Dunn  and Legs McNeil. Debuting in January 1976, the zine championed the early New York underground music scene and helped associate the word "punk" with these bands, most notably the Ramones. Other early punkzines from the United States included "Search & Destroy" (later "REsearch"), "Flipside" and "Slash." An early United Kingdom punk zine was "Sniffin' Glue", produced by Mark Perry, who also founded the band Alternative TV, in 1976. Perry produced the first photocopied issue of "Sniffin' Glue" in London after attending the Ramones concert on 4 July 1976 at the Roundhouse. Punk zines were produced in many European countries in subsequent  years. The first Irish one was published in March 1977. In Australia in 1977, inspired by the Saints and Radio Birdman, Bruce Milne and Clinton Walker fused their respective first zines "Plastered Press" and "Suicide Alley" to launch "Pulp"; Milne later went on to invent the cassette zine with "Fast Forward", in 1980. Another early publication was "Self Abuse" first published in Sydney in December 1977. 1980s. The politically charged "Maximum RocknRoll" and the anarchist "Profane Existence" were notable punkzines that were founded in the 1980s. By that time, most local punk scenes had at least one punkzine. The magazine  Factsheet Five chronicled thousands of underground publications and "zines" in the 1980s and 1990s. In the 1980s, the punk self-publication scene was quickly expanding to include numerous different subcultures within the genre. For example, the birth of the Queercore movement: inspired by the desire for social change, the subculture was represented by zines that sought to accept those within the LGBT community who were also involved in punk and also had overwhelming themes of promoting individual rights. The topics discussed in the issues often ignited forums and chatrooms where readers could share their opinions. This genre of zine was  self-sustaining and produced in a DIY manner. "Queercore" is often accredited to a Toronto-based zine entitled J.D.s, an abbreviation for "juvenile delinquents", created by G.B. Jones and co-published with Bruce LaBruce. "J.D.s" was a cut-and-paste-style zine that featured manifestos and dialogue about identifying as queer within the realms of the punk community. Other zines that instigated this movement are Chainsaw (punk zine), Outpunk, and Homocore. The queercore zines influenced the Riot Grrrl zines of the late 1980s and 1990s, as well. Riot Grrrl zines. The "Riot Grrrl" movement emerged from the punk scene in  the United States when women began to produce zines with feminist themes. The "riot grrrl" wave was influential for pinkzines as it called for females to publish and produce content in the male dominated culture. Featuring political issues from a personal standpoint, the zines arose in popularity amongst the underground world of punk. The format of the "riot grrrl" zines was similar to that of queercore zines, in that they were cut and paste and xeroxed with many featuring collages. Self-published punkzines from this era such as Bikini Kill, Girl Germs, and "Jigsaw" were put out by members of  riot grrrl bands who supported the notion of women learning to play music and feeling self-empowered. Other apparent themes in this category of zine include activism, social change, sexuality, body image, and the discussion of controversial topics such as racism and abuse.