Mahdi Elmandjra
Mahdi Elmandjra (‎; 13 March 1933 – 13 June 2014) was a Moroccan futurologist, economist and sociologist. He is one of the founders of the International Federation for Future Studies (Futuribles). He predicted a number of events, the most important of which was the clash of civilisations in his book "The first civilisation war" in 1992, that is, before Samuel Huntington, who used the same concept in his book "The clash of civilisations" issued in 1996. Mahdi Elmandjra also predicted the occurrence of the "Arab Spring", which he referred to in his writings under the name of "Intifada". Education . Elmandjra started his high-school education at Lycée Lyautey (Casablanca) in 1944 where he got his Baccalaureat in 1948. He then went to Putney School, Vermont, U.S. (1948–1950) before joining Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (1950–1954) where he obtained a B.A. Government degree. Elmandjra then went to England where he enrolled in the London School of Economics, and the University of London (1954–1957) obtaining a PhD. His doctoral thesis was on The League of Arab States. Career. Mahdi Elmandjra graduated from Cornell (USA) and obtained his PhD from the London School of Economics. He has taught international relations at the  University of Rabat since 1958. Elmandjra has held many occupations throughout his career. After finishing his studies, ElMandjra started his career as Director General of the Moroccan Broadcasting Service (RTM) and as a Counselor of the Moroccan Mission to the UN. He occupied various functions in the UN body from 1961 to 1981 including that of Assistant Director General of UNESCO for Social Sciences, Human Sciences and Culture as well as Coordinator of the Conference on Technical Cooperation between Developing countries at the UNDP. He was president of the World Futures Studies Federation and of Futuribles International as well as  the founding president of the Moroccan Association of Future Studies and the Moroccan Organization of Human Rights. He is a member of the African Academy of Sciences and of the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He has been a visiting professor to Tokyo University (1998) and a visiting scholar of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) at the Tokyo Keizai University (1999). He gave his name to the Mahdi Elmandjra prize for the quality of education awarded by the AMAQUEN Institute to several institutions, in his presence, including Mundiapolis University, the ESIG Group and the ISCAE  Group. Publications. He has published several books and over 500 articles in the fields of the human and social sciences. He is a co-author of "No Limits to Learning" (Report to the Club of Rome, 1979) and the author of several books including "The United Nations System" (1973), "Maghreb et Francophonie" (1988), "Premiere Guerre Civilisationnelle" (1991), "Retrospective des Futurs" (1992), "Nord-Sud, Prelude a l'Ere Postcoloniale" (1993), «Cultural Diversity Key to Survival» (1995),» (1996), «Decolonisation Culturelle : Defi majeur du 21e Siecle» (1996), "Reglobalization of globalization" (2000), "Communication Dialogue" (2000),“Intifadates” (2001), Humiliation à l'ère du méga-impérialisme (2003) et Ihana  (2004). Many of his books have been translated to Japanese such as “The First Civilizational War” (1999) and “The Afghan War : The Second Civilizational War, The End of an Empire”. Professor Elmandjra received the Prix de la Vie Economique 1981 (France), the Grand Medal of the French Academy of Architecture (1984), the distinctions of Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters (France, 1985) and of the Order of The Rising Sun (Japan, 1986). He also received the Peace Medal of the Albert Einstein International Academy and the Award of the World Future Studies Federation (WFSF) in 1995. In 2002  he was made the first honorary member of the Moroccan Association of Researchers and Scientists (MARS).