M. Night Shyamalan
Manoj Nelliyattu "M. Night" Shyamalan ( ; born August 6, 1970) is an Indian-American filmmaker and actor. He is best known for making original films with contemporary supernatural plots and twist endings. He was born in Mahé, India, and raised in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. The cumulative gross of his films exceeds $3.3 billion globally. He made his directorial debut in 1992 with his first movie "Praying with Anger". His second movie was the comedy-drama film "Wide Awake" (1998). His best-received films include the supernatural thriller "The Sixth Sense" (1999), the superhero thriller "Unbreakable" (2000), the  science fiction thriller "Signs" (2002), and the period-piece thriller "The Village" (2004). For "The Sixth Sense", Shyamalan received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Director and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Afterward, Shyamalan released a series of poorly received but sometimes financially successful films, including the dark fantasy "Lady in the Water" (2006), the eco-thriller "The Happening" (2008), "The Last Airbender" (2010) (an adaptation based on of the Nickelodeon animated television series ""), and the science fiction film "After Earth" (2013). Following the financial failure of "After Earth," Shyamalan's career was revived with the release  of the found footage horror film "The Visit" (2015), the psychological thriller "Split" (2016), and the superhero thriller "Glass" (2019). With a total budget of $34 million between them, these three films earned a combined box office of $625 million. "Glass" is the third and final chapter of his "Eastrail 177" trilogy, which commenced in 2000. His latest feature film was the supernatural thriller "Old", which was released in 2021 and grossed $90 million on a budget of $18 million. In addition to his directorial work, Shyamalan was story creator and a producer for the horror  film "Devil" (2010). Shyamalan was also called in for an uncredited rewrite for the teen film "She's All That" (1999) and also served as a writer for the film "Stuart Little" (1999). He is also one of the executive producers and occasional director of "Wayward Pines" and the critically acclaimed series "Servant", for which he also serves as showrunner. Shyamalan is also known for setting and shooting his films in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania along with nearby Reading, Pennsylvania. Most of his commercially successful films were co-produced and released by Walt Disney Studios' Touchstone and Hollywood Pictures and  Universal imprints. In 2008, Shyamalan was honored with the Padma Shri award by the Government of India. Early life. Shyamalan was born in Mahé, India, a town in the Union Territory of Pondicherry. The son of Indian parents, his father, Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan, is a Malayali neurologist from Mahé and a JIPMER graduate, his mother, Dr. Jayalakshmi, a Tamil, is an OB-GYN. Shyamalan's parents immigrated to the United States when he was six weeks old. Shyamalan was raised in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania. Shyamalan was raised Hindu. He attended the private Roman Catholic grammar school Waldron Mercy Academy , followed by the Episcopal Academy, a private Episcopal high school located at the time in Merion Station, Pennsylvania. He felt like an outsider and remembers that teachers would say that whoever was not baptized would go to hell. When he was a student there, a teacher once became upset because he "got the best grade and [he] wasn't Catholic". Shyamalan earned the New York University Merit Scholarship in 1988, and was also a National Merit Scholar. Shyamalan is an alumnus of New York University Tisch School of the Arts in Manhattan, graduating in 1992. It was while studying there  that he adopted "Night" as his second name. Shyamalan had an early desire to be a filmmaker when he was given a Super 8 camera at a young age. Though his father wanted him to follow in the family practice of medicine, his mother encouraged him to follow his passion. By the time he was seventeen, he had made forty-five home movies. On each DVD release of his films, beginning with "The Sixth Sense" and with the exception of "Lady in the Water", he has included a scene from one of these childhood movies, which, he feels, represents his  first attempt at the same kind of film. Career. Film. Shyamalan made his first film, the semi-autobiographical drama "Praying with Anger", while still a student at NYU, using money borrowed from family and friends. He wrote and directed his second movie, "Wide Awake". His parents were the film's associate producers. The drama dealt with a ten-year-old Catholic schoolboy (Joseph Cross) who, after the death of his grandfather (Robert Loggia), searches for God. The film's supporting cast included Dana Delany and Denis Leary as the boy's parents, as well as Rosie O'Donnell, Julia Stiles, and  Camryn Manheim. "Wide Awake" was filmed in a school Shyamalan attended as a child and earned 1999 Young Artist Award nominations for Best Drama, and, for Cross, Best Performance. Only in limited release, the film grossed $305,704 in theaters, against a $6 million budget. That same year Shyamalan co-wrote the screenplay for "Stuart Little" with Greg Brooker. In 2013, he revealed he was the ghostwriter for the 1999 film "She's All That", a teen comedy starring Freddie Prinze Jr. and Rachel Leigh Cook. On June 17, 2013, Jack Lechner (who served as Miramax's head of  development in the late 1990s) confirmed that both Shyamalan and R. Lee Fleming, Jr. contributed to the script: Fleming wrote the initial script that Miramax bought while Shyamalan did an uncredited rewrite (doing more than "a polish") that got the film green-lit. Lechner reiterated that content from both writers was included in the final cut of the film. Shyamalan gained international recognition when he wrote and directed 1999's "The Sixth Sense", which became the second-highest grossing horror movie of all time. "The Sixth Sense" was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best  Original Screenplay. In July 2000, on "The Howard Stern Show", Shyamalan said he had met with Spielberg and was in early talks to write the script for the fourth "Indiana Jones" film. This would have given Shyamalan a chance to work with his longtime idol. After the film fell through, Shyamalan later said it was too "tricky" to arrange and "not the right thing" for him to do. Shyamalan followed "The Sixth Sense" by writing and directing "Unbreakable", released in 2000. It was a stealth comic book movie within a thriller and was both critically and financially successful. Shyamalan's  name was linked with the 2001 film "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", but it conflicted with the production of "Unbreakable". In July 2006, while doing press tours for "Lady in the Water", Shyamalan had said he was still interested in directing one of the last two "Harry Potter" films: "The themes that run through it ... the empowering of children, a positive outlook ... you name it, it falls in line with my beliefs", Shyamalan said. "I enjoy the humor in it. When I read the first "Harry Potter" and was thinking about making it, I had a whole different  vibe in my head of it". His 2002 film was "Signs", where he also played Ray Reddy. It was regarding how a man regains his faith in God during an alien invasion. It was both critically and financially successful and grossed $408 million from a budget of $72 million. His next movie was "The Village" (2004). It was regarding an isolated community living in the woods. Although it received mixed reviews, it was financially successful as it grossed $257 million from a budget of $60 million. After the release of "The Village" in 2004, Shyamalan had  been planning a film adaptation of Yann Martel's novel "Life of Pi" with 20th Century Fox, but later backed out so that he could make "Lady in the Water". "I love that book. I mean, it's basically [the story of] a kid born in the same city as me [Pondicherry, India]—it almost felt predestined", Shyamalan said. "But I was hesitant because the book has kind of a twist ending. And I was concerned that as soon as you put my name on it, everybody would have a different experience. Whereas if someone else did it, it would be  much more satisfying, I think. Expectations, you've got to be aware of them. I'm wishing them all great luck. I hope they make a beautiful movie". Released in 2006, "Lady in the Water", a bedtime story about a water nymph and an apartment superintendent was both critically and financially unsuccessful. Next was the film "The Happening", a B-movie about trees killing humans featuring a teacher Elliott Moore and his wife fleeing from contaminated cities into the countryside. It was critically unsuccessful but financially successful as it grossed $163 million from a budget of $48 million . In 2010, he directed "The Last Airbender", based on of the Nickelodeon TV series "". It was critically unsuccessful-with significant criticism aimed at its casting of white actors in Asian and Native American-inspired roles-but financially successful as it grossed $319 million from a budget of $150 million. In July 2008, it was announced that Shyamalan had partnered with Media Rights Capital to form a production company called Night Chronicles. Shyamalan would produce, but not direct, one film a year for three years. The first of the three films was "Devil", a supernatural thriller directed by siblings  John and Drew Dowdle. The script was written by Brian Nelson, based on an original idea from Shyamalan. The movie was about a group of people stuck in an elevator with the devil, and starred Chris Messina. The film was not previewed by critics before its release. In 2013, Shyamalan directed the film "After Earth", based on a script by Gary Whitta and starring Will Smith and Jaden Smith. It was received poorly by critics, and was financially unsuccessful. Shyamalan later described his thinking in 2013 as full of doubts, introspection and questioning. Shyamalan announced in January 2014 that he  would be working again with Bruce Willis on a film titled "Labor of Love". As of February 2022, this film has yet to be produced. Shyamalan's reputation was poor and most Hollywood studios passed on his self-funded, low-budget horror-comedy "The Visit", featuring a brother and sister who are sent to their grandparents’ remote Pennsylvania farm for a weeklong trip. After revising the film, which Shyamalan had shot in secret, Universal picked up rights to "The Visit". The movie went on to gross $98 million worldwide on a budget of $5 million - the fifth-highest  grossing thriller film of the year. Universal released the movie on September 11, 2015. In 2017, Shyamalan released the movie "Split". It was both critically and financially successful and grossed $279 million from a budget of $9 million. In 2019, he released "Glass" as the final installment in his 19-year trilogy inclusive of previous films "Unbreakable" and "Split". The movie grossed over $247 million worldwide. His latest film, "Old", a thriller about tourists who begin aging rapidly on a mysterious beach, was released on July 23, 2021. The film stars Gael Garcia Bernal, Eliza Scanlen, Thomasin  McKenzie, Aaron Pierre, Alex Wolff, Abbey Lee, Nikki Amuka-Bird, Ken Leung, Vicky Krieps, Rufus Sewell, Embeth Davidtz, Alexa Swinton, Nolan River, and Emun Elliott. Shyamalan shot the film in the Dominican Republic and used a substantial amount of Dominican crew in the production. The film received mixed reviews from critics. In October 2021, Shyamalan announced that his next film will be titled "Knock at the Cabin" and will release in theatres on February 3, 2023. On October 19, 2021, Shyamalan was appointed the Jury President of the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival competition section. Television. Shyamalan is the executive  producer on the Apple TV series "Servant". Shyamalan directed several episodes, including the pilot. "Servant" was renewed for a second series in advance of the season one premiere. The second season of "Servant" completed filming in fall 2020 under COVID protocols. Shyamalan was also instrumental in the creation of the Fox science fiction series "Wayward Pines" (2015–2016), for which he executive produced and directed the pilot episode. The series became the most-watched show of that summer. In 2016, TNT first announced that Shyamalan would be responsible for a reboot series for "Tales from the Crypt". the series had been  cancelled due to a number of legal reasons. He also appeared in an episode of the series "Entourage". In Season 6, Episode 20 of the cult comedy series "The Office", the character Jim Halpert makes a passing reference to Shyamalan as possibly being Michael Scott's neighbor. Controversies. SyFy Channel hoax. In 2004, Shyamalan was involved in a media hoax with SyFy Channel, which was eventually uncovered by the press. SyFy claimed in its "documentary" special "The Buried Secret of M. Night Shyamalan", shot on the set of "The Village", that as a child, Shyamalan had been dead for nearly  a half hour while drowned in a frozen pond in an accident, and that upon being rescued he had experiences of communicating with spirits, fueling an obsession with the supernatural. In truth, Shyamalan developed the hoax with SyFy, going so far as having SyFy staffers sign non-disclosure agreements with a $5 million fine attached and requiring Shyamalan's office to formally approve each step. Neither the childhood accident nor a supposed rift with the filmmakers ever occurred. The hoax included a nonexistent SyFy publicist, "David Westover", whose name appeared on press releases regarding the special. SyFy also fed  false news stories to the Associated Press, Zap2It, and the "New York Post", among others. After an AP reporter confronted SyFy Channel president Bonnie Hammer at a press conference, Hammer admitted the hoax, saying it was part of a guerrilla marketing campaign to generate pre-release publicity for "The Village". This prompted SyFy's parent company, NBC Universal, to state that the undertaking was "not consistent with our policy at NBC. We would never intend to offend the public or the press and we value our relationship with both." Plagiarism accusations. In 2003, a Pennsylvanian screenwriter named Robert McElhenney (unrelated  to producer Rob McElhenney) sued Shyamalan, alleging similarities between "Signs" and McElhenney's unpublished script "Lord of the Barrens: The Jersey Devil". In 2004, Margaret Peterson Haddix claimed that "The Village" has numerous similarities to her young adult novel "Running Out of Time" (1996), prompting discussions with publisher Simon & Schuster about filing a lawsuit. In response to both allegations, Disney and Shyamalan's production company Blinding Edge issued statements calling the claims "meritless". Orson Scott Card has claimed that many elements of "The Sixth Sense" were plagiarized from his novel "Lost Boys", although he has said that enough had been  changed that there was no point in suing. Personal life. Shyamalan married Dr. Bhavna Vaswani, a fellow student whom he met at New York University. The couple have three daughters, including director Ishana and musician Saleka. His production company, Blinding Edge Pictures, is located in Berwyn, Pennsylvania. Blinding Edge has produced "Servant", "Wayward Pines", "Devil", "The Happening", "Lady in the Water", "The Village", "Signs", "Unbreakable", "The Last Airbender", "After Earth", "The Visit", "Split", "Glass" and "Old". It is run by Shyamalan and Ashwin Rajan. His cousin is actor Ritesh Rajan. Shyamalan is a season ticket holder of the Philadelphia 76ers . Shyamalan and his family live near Philadelphia at Ravenwood, a 125-acre estate, built around a 27,000-square-foot 1937 Georgian Revival house. Saleka, born in 1996, is an American R&B singer and songwriter. She studied classical piano as a child but decided to pursue a singing and songwriting career at the age of 16. She studied Literary Arts and Music at Brown University and has opened for acts like Boyz II Men, Baby Rose and Summer Walker. Upon debuting her first single, "Clarity", in September 2020, Refinery29 called Saleka "a new artist to watch". Saleka's sister, Ishana, directed  the music video for "Clarity". Critical analysis and box office performance. "The Sixth Sense" gave Shyamalan the reputation of, "Rolling Stone" wrote, "the guy who makes the scary movies with a twist". In 2008, Shyamalan said it was a common misperception that "all my movies have twist endings, or that they're all scary. All my movies are spiritual and all have an emotional perspective". He nonetheless avoided plot twists for years, until again using them starting with "The Visit" in 2015. "Rolling Stone" wrote in 2018, After the release of "The Village", "Slate"s Michael Agger noted that Shyamalan was  following "an uncomfortable pattern" of "making fragile, sealed-off movies that fell apart when exposed to outside logic". After the release of "The Happening", "The Guardian"s Kim Newman noted Shyamalan's earnestness and questioned, "Can it be a kind of racism that the Indian-born, Philadelphia-raised auteur is hammered for his apparent character (or funny name) rather more than, say, Quentin Tarantino or Spike Lee?" Shyamalan has also been nominated for and in some cases won numerous Golden Raspberry Awards for "Lady in the Water" in 2006, "The Happening" in 2008, "The Last Airbender" in 2010, and "After Earth  in 2013. In 2016 he was also nominated for the Razzie Redeemer Award. The Village", "Lady in the Water" and "Split" have been included in "Cahiers du Cinéma" annual top ten lists. Critical reception. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Pop culture and racism. In 2013, the British Film Institute (BFI) said that one of Shyamalan's challenges is presenting works that "(ask) for childlike wonder and rapt attention", seeking contemplation and childlike belief when popular culture has turned toward shorter attention spans with "snark and testosterone-fuelled arrested adolescence". BFI also discussed the impact of racism on Shyamalan's  career, pointing to frequent "'humorously' mangled rendering(s) of his apparently hard-to-pronounce second name and questioned "Why is one of the only truly interesting mainstream movie-makers of the Noughties so publicly derided whilst so many mediocrities get a pass?" By 2017, "Vice" said that "Shamalamadingdong" had become the "agreed-upon mockery of his name". "Vice" also criticized mispronunciations of his name, pointing to a "Robot Chicken" sketch on Shyamalan that did so repeatedly. "Vice" also said there was no reason to have Shyamalan's character in the sketch speak with an accent when Shyamalan never has. They also  criticized the sketch's repeated mispronunciations of his name, and its conclusion with a "three-word condemnation of his whole career": "What a twist." "Vice" said that "it's time we stop treating him like a (shitty, racist, entirely undeserved when compared to other directors who continue to bomb with no end in sight) joke, and examine the entirely coincidental fact that Hollywood's most notable brown director is also the one we seem unwilling to forgive." BFI asked if critical attacks are the result of egotistical statements on Shyamalan's part. They question whether his strong statements of self -assurance coupled with the remarkable success of "The Sixth Sense" set up a fall from grace which was soon realized when a run of very successful films ("The Sixth Sense", "Unbreakable", "Signs" and "The Village") seemingly collapsed with a string of critical failures. ("Lady in the Water", "The Happening", "The Last Airbender", and "After Earth"). BFI said that "in a cultural climate in which a particularly vulgar form of atheism has become common, his polymorphous, holistic sense of the spiritual has rendered his work deeply unfashionable." They also mentioned that "his supposedly overweening self-assurance seems to derive from an  uncynical enthusiasm, even awe for the power of storytelling. He is hardly the first director reputed to have a healthy sense of self-worth. The emphasis on the teller rather than the tales obscures the commercially and artistically successful run of films he had with "The Sixth Sense", "Unbreakable", "Signs" and "The Village"." In 2019, Tim Griveing of "The Washington Post" said that "his confidence was interpreted as arrogance by some, especially after he cast himself in "Lady in the Water" as a brilliant writer whose book is prophesied as a world-saver." Bryce Dallas Howard, who has worked twice  with Shyamalan, differs: "Night is not an arrogant person," she said. "Night is really creatively ambitious. Very ambitious. He will engage in a conversation—he will talk through it, he will work through it—but he might take a leap. The most important thing in the world is: You just don't want to make something that's ignorable." Griveing continued, "Howard, who expressed pride in him for forging ahead despite his turn among critics, noted how rare it was for such a young filmmaker to write, direct and produce original material. She wondered whether that placed a bigger target  on his back, as his reputation for doggedness was perpetuated within the industry and reinforced by critics." Books. While working on his film "The Happening", Shyamalan developed an interest in improving the delivery of education in American schools. He hired doctoral student James Richardson to do most of the background research and as a result published "I Got Schooled: The Unlikely Story of How a Moonlighting Movie Maker Learned the Five Keys to Closing America's Education Gap." John Willol of NPR reviewed the book by stating ""I Got Schooled" is a breezily written, research driven call to change America 's approach to education. Shyamalan is smart and sincere, and his innovative ideas are unbound by the educational establishment."