Lazise
Lazise is a "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about west of Venice and about northwest of Verona. It is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Garda. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,213 and an area of . This geographical location empowers a position of great landscape value, but it also features elements of great architectural value and of great historical importance. As well as these peculiarities, Lazise can rely on the presence of many attractions: a thermal spring situated in Colà, two amusement parks (Canevaworld and  Gardaland, this latter situated partly on the territory of Castelnuovo del Garda, where it is based, and partly on the territory of Lazise) and an extensive hilly agricultural landscape. Lazise records about 3.5 million tourist visits every year, figures that place it at 12th place in Italy among tourist destinations, and the first Italian lake destination. The municipality of Lazise contains the "frazioni" (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Colà and Pacengo. Lazise borders the following municipalities: Bardolino, Bussolengo, Castelnuovo del Garda, Padenghe sul Garda, Pastrengo, Peschiera del Garda and Sirmione. Origins of the name. The name Lazise comes from the  Latin word "lacus" that means ‘lakeside village’, as some documents of Early Middle Ages seem to confirm, referring to the settlement as "Laceses." Another hypothesis, later ruled out, put the name of the town as originating from Antonio Bevilacqua di Loncis. Loncis, from his castle in Bavaria, became governor of Lake Garda and the forefather of a major family that then changed its name to Bevilacqua-Lazise. Last hypothesis is lately ruled out comes from Lazica Kingdom. History. Its name derives from the Latin "lacus" which means lacustrine village. Lazise in fact was originally a group of stilt houses beyond  that Roman village and market. Between 888 and 961, during the reign of Berengar II of Italy and his son, the town was subject only to the monarch, that is, it was a "free villa" not subject to some feudatory. In 961, Italy was invaded by German troops, who descended the valley of the Adige to camp on the shores of Garda. In 983, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I granted Lazise the right to fortify itself and establish trading rights. It is considered as the first and oldest comune in Italy, and perhaps all of Europe. The medieval Church  of "Saint Nicolò" has frescoes dating from the 12th century, by the school of Giotto. The customs house from the 16th century was constructed to control trade on the lake. During the 13th and 14th centuries, Lazise was occupied by the Scaligeri of Verona who built the castle and encircled the town with walls. In 1405, it came under Venetian Republic rule until Napoleon conquered northern Italy in 1796. After the Congress of Vienna (1815) it entered a period of Austrian rule, until in 1866, it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy. The 14th century La Pergolana villa, a  kilometre north of Lazise, hosts a honey festival during the first weekend of October. Tourism. The city is a holiday destination, and attracts tourists from the immediate area owing to its views of the Alps from the southern shore of Lake Garda. At the center of the city is a series of interconnected piazze that house numerous open-air cafés, various shops, gelaterie (ice-cream parlours), and bars. Scaliger Castle. The most imposing building of Lazise is the Scaliger Castle and the city wall that surrounds the historic centre. The castle was built during the domination of the lords of  Verona Bartolomeo II and Antonio della Scala, or maybe just before the father Cansignorio della Scala (considering that "Porta Nuova" bears the date  21 May 1376). The city has always had three gates equipped with drawbridges: "Porta Superiore", today known as "Porta San Zeno", for the access on east side; "Porta Lion" (so called because it determined the coat of arms of the "Serenissima"), for the access on south side; "Porta Nuova" (so named because it was the last to be built), today widely called "Porta Cansignorio", for access on north side. The castle suffered damages during the siege of  the Venetians in July 1438, and then again in May 1528 due to the work of the army of Charles V. In the 16th century, with the progress of new technologies and war tactics, the castle lost importance and was purchased firstly by the community of Lazise and later by private families. Coat of arms. Originally, the coat of arms of Lazise municipality was a checkered shield with light-blue and silver diamond, in line with the ancient Bavarian Kingdom coat of arms. Afterwards, the coat of arms was divided: the left side is formed by a silver and light -blue checkered flag; on the right side a red dragon in a golden field is portrayed. Traditions and folklore. Traditional events are the "Regatta delle Bisse", using traditional Venetian rowing boats (with four standing rowers and no helmsman), whose stop in Lazise takes place between July and August, and the "Cuccagna del Cadenon", which takes place at the end of August in conjunction with the "Festa dell’Ospite", in which an eight-metre pole is placed horizontally on the waters of the old port, abundantly coated with fat, and is won by the one who, slipping on the greasy pole, manages  to take the flag to the bottom. Events. Celebrations that regularly take place in the village are numerous, in particular fairs and festivals: the "Festa dell'Ospite", that is held at the end of July in Pacengo (a neighbouring town) and at the end of August in Lazise, when there are various stands that sell typical local products, concerts and a final show with fireworks; the "Antica sagra della Madonna della Neve" that takes place in the municipality of Colà at the beginning of August, during which the traditional plate of "anara col pien" (stuffed and roast duck) is served; "la  Sagra del Marciapié," an old feast that is celebrated on the last day of Carnival and the first of Lent in Via Arco, during which citizens are invited to choose the representatives of the street named "Via" "Capo Valàr", in addition to the carnival masks; lastly the national fair "I giorni del miele", a trade fair completely dedicated to honey and its derivatives held at the beginning of October. International relations. Twin towns – Sister cities. Lazise is twinned with: