Dengbêj
Dengbêj is a Kurdish music genre and/or a singer of the music genre Dengbêj. Dengbêjs are singing storytellers. There have been many terms to describe Dengbêjs throughout history, but today Dengbêj is the best known, and also several singing storytellers use Dengbêj as part of their own (artistic) name. Dengbêjs are viewed as a way to transmit the traditions of their Kurdish ancestors in times as it was not possible to publish in Kurdish or about Kurdish history. Since there don't exist many documents about certain Kurdish events, today there exist attempts to analyze them through the songs  of the Dengbêjs. They sing about Kurdish geography, history, recent events, but also lullabies and love songs History. Roger Lescot has performed a study through a large amount of Dengbêjs during the French Mandate in Syria and Lebanon. In the 1930s the Turkish Government implemented fines on every word that was spoken in Kurdish, therefore the tradition of Dengbêjs singing was in danger and almost became extinct in Turkish Kurdistan. In the 1980s the Dengbêjs were persecuted for singing in Kurdish, as it was forbidden in Turkey to sing in Kurdish language. At that time Dengebêjs were recorded clandestinely on  cassette tapes and distributed. In 1991, the Turkish president Turgut Özal achieved that the use of the Kurdish language became legal except for broadcast, publications, education and in politics. Therefore, the Dengbêjs were again able to perform with more freedom. From 1994 onwards the Dengbêjs were supported by Kurdish politicians to attend festivals and TV shows out of Turkey and from the 2000s also inside Turkey. Therefore, the Dengbêj music became politicized and as a sign of Kurdishness which was confronted by Turkish nationalism. The Kilam is a speciality of the Dengbêjs, where they just let the out what moves  them, and do not so much watch to make a pause after the end of a phrase. If they sing in the style of a stran, the song is more melodic and rhythmic, popular and love songs sung at weddings are sung in stran style. They sing mostly without instruments accompanying them. Traditionally Dengbêjs need to learn ancient Dengbêj songs before performing their own songs. Well known Dengbêjs are Karapetê Xaço, Evdalê Zeynikî and Sakîro. In 2003 a first "Mala Dengbêjan" (Dengbêj House in Kurdish) was in inaugurated in Van. In May 2007 the Democratic Society Party (DTP) led Municipality  of Diyarbakır supported the establishment of the "Mala Dengbêjan" in Diyarbakır. In several other cities, Dengbêj houses were founded as well. The revitalization of the Dengbej tradition was supported by the European Union.