Hypolepis parallelogramma
Hypolepis parallelogramma is a species of fern native to the foothills of the Andes. Its fronds are long, borne on brown stipes which grow paler in color towards the blade, armed with thorns. The rachis, like the top of the stipe, is light brown to straw-colored. The blades are oblong in shape and tripinnate, the pinnulets at the base being lobed (tripinnate-pinnatifid). Scattered tiny hairs are present on the underside (only) of the costae, costules, and some veins. Sori are at the edge of the leaf with straw-colored pseudoindusia. It most closely resembles "H. melanochlaena , H. repens", and "H. scandens", all of which are also large with thorny stems. The species was originally described by Gustav Kunze in 1834 as "Cheilanthes parallelogramma". Presl transferred it to the genus "Hypolepis" in 1836. Schwartzburd and Prado designated a Peruvian collection by Poeppig made in 1829 as the lectotype in 2016. "Hypolepis parallelogramma" grows in the forests at the base of the Andes from Colombia and Venezuela south to Bolivia, at altitudes from .