Walter Wolfrum
Walter Wolfrum (23 May 1923 – 26 August 2010) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II. As a fighter ace, he flew 424 combat missions and claimed 137 aerial victories—that is, 137 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. This ties him for 43rd place among highest scoring fighter aces. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Career. On 10 May 1944, Wolfrum was  appointed "Staffelkapitän" (squadron leader) of 1. "Staffel" of "Jagdgeschwader" 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), succeeding "Oberleutnant" Karl-Heinz Plücker who was killed in action. On 20 May, Wolfrum claimed six aerial victories, an "ace-in-a-day" achievement. He became a double "ace-in-a-day" following eleven aerial victories on 30 May 1944. The next day, he again claimed six aircraft shot down, again making him an "ace-in-a-day". On 1 June 1944, Wolfrum was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 74th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. On 16 July, Wolfrum again  became a double "ace-in-a-day" when he claimed ten aircraft shot down in combat near Kamionka, northeast of Lviv. Following these ten victories, he was severely wounded requiring a lengthy period of convalescence. In consequence, "Oberleutnant" Manfred Eberwein was given command of 1. "Staffel". On 31 August 1944, "Oberst" (Colonel) Dietrich Hrabak, "Geschwaderkommodore" (wing commander) of JG 52 submitted a report, requesting a preferential promotion for Wolfrum to "Oberleutnant" (first lieutenant). The application was seconded by General Hans Seidemann, commander-in-chief of the VIII. "Fliegerkorps", on 8 September. The request was approved and the promotion backdated to  1 September. At the end of the war, Wolfrum surrendered to the US 90th Infantry Division. After the war he became a successful aerobatics pilot, winning the German Championship in 1962 and taking second place in 1961, 1963, 1964 and 1966. Hans-Ulrich Rudel. According to Wolfrum's own account, he and Hans-Ulrich Rudel were in contact in the first years following the end of World War II. The two had briefly met twice during the war. Wolfrum's girlfriend Irene Rühl had a friend who worked for the Americans as a secretary at a hospital in Fürth where  Rudel was being treated. With the help of this friend, Rudel's release papers were signed and he was set free. Wolfrum states that he then periodically aided Rudel as a motocycle driver and courier. Additionally, Wolfrum's father helped Rudel's father, Johannes Rudel, find a new home and position as a pastor in Gunzenhausen. At the time, Rudel was getting in contact with his former comrades from "Schlachtgeschwader" 2. With the aid of these comrades, Rudel had set up a smuggling ring across the various zones of Allied-occupied Germany. The official currency in Germany at the time  was still the "Reichsmark" and its exchange rate varied from zone to zone. Rudel and his men built an illegal business, disguised as a haulage company, around this discrepancy in exchange rates by smuggling large sums of money from one zone to another, buying and selling currency with a profitable margin. Wolfrum states that his contact with Rudel ended in 1948 after Rudel had left for Argentina. Summary of career. Aerial victory claims. According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Wolfrum was credited with 137 aerial victories. Matthews and Foreman, authors of "Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims", researched the  German Federal Archives and state that Wolfrum was credited with 134 aerial victories, plus sixteen further unconfirmed claims. All of his victories were claimed on the Eastern Front. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = "Planquadrat"), for example "PQ 34 Ost 76891". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Walter Wolfrum Walter