Volume 28, Issue 2, 2014 South African Journal of Cultural History - Volume 28, Issue 2, November 2014 Navigate this Journal About Current issue Previous issues Submit a paper Contact the Editor OA African Journal Archive Volumes & issues
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Eetgewoontes van Bloemfontein se inwoners tydens die laat negentiende eeu
S. Marianna Botes,
S. Marianna Botes and
In hierdie artikel word die eetgewoontes bespreek van Bloemfontein se inwoners tydens die laat negentiende eeu. Bloemfontein het sedert sy stigting as militêre nedersetting in 1846 ontwikkel tot die welvarende hoofstad van die "modelrepubliek" van die Oranje-Vrystaat in die 1890&apos;s. Die kosmopolitiese samestelling van Bloemfontein se inwoners tydens die 1890&apos;s word weerspieël in sy inwoners se eetgewoontes. In die artikel word hulle voedsel en drank, asook die sosiale aspekte daarvan ontleed en ondersoek ingestel na die verskille en ooreenkomste tussen die verskillende kultuurgroepe se eetgewoontes. Aangesien gesinne groot was, is voedsel in groot hoeveelhede voorberei, terwyl onverwagse gaste gewoonlik genooi is om saam te eet. Sondagmiddagetes was groot en swaar, met tot sewe verskillende disse. Baie blanke inwoners het hulle eie vrugte- en groentetuine gehad, asook pluimvee en selfs &apos;n koei of twee in hulle agterplase, maar vrugte, groente, eiers, vis en alle soorte vleis en vleisprodukte kon by die daaglikse môremark of handelaars en slaghuise gekoop word. Voedsel, koekies, lekkers, koeldrank en alkoholiese drank is ook van die ander Suid-Afrikaanse state en kolonies ingevoer, asook van Europa en Rusland af. Selfs eksotiese kossoorte, soos vars pikkewyneiers, salm, kreef, kaviaar en oesters was in Bloemfontein beskikbaar, veral nadat die eerste spoorlyn Bloemfontein vanaf Kaapstad in 1890 bereik het. Die stapelvoedsel van die swart inwoners was brood, mieliepap, gebakte of gebraaide insekte, tradisionele bier, koffie en suiker. Wanneer hulle dit kon bekostig, is hulle dieet met vleis, melk, groente, stampmielies, konfyt en blikkieskos aangevul.
Culinary practices of Bloemfontein&apos;s citizens during the late nineteenth century
In this article the culinary practices of the citizens of Bloemfontein during the late nineteenth century are discussed. Since its founding as a military settlement in 1846, Bloemfontein developed into the prosperous capital of the "model republic" of the Orange Free State in the 1890s. The cosmopolitan character of its citizens is reflected in the eating habits of Bloemfontein&apos;s residents. In this article the food and drink and social aspects thereof are analyzed and differences and similarities with regard to culinary practices of the various cultural groups are investigated. Due to large families, food was prepared in large quantities, so unexpected visitors were always welcomed at the table. Sunday lunches were scrumptious with up to seven different dishes. Although many white residents had their own fruit and vegetable gardens, poultry and even cows in their backyard, fruit and vegetables, fish as well as all sorts of meat and meat products were available at the daily morning market or at general dealers and butcheries. Food, sweets, biscuits, soft drinks and liquor were imported from other South African states and colonies, as well as the European countries and Russia. Even exotic foods such as fresh penguin eggs, salmon, crayfish, caviar and oysters were available in Bloemfontein, especially after the railway line reached Bloemfontein from Cape Town in 1890. The staple food of the black inhabitants of Bloemfontein was bread, maize meal porridge, fried or cooked insects, traditional beer, coffee and sugar; and when they could afford it, a little meat, milk, vegetables, samp, jam and tinned food.
Waar kom die Alibama vandaan? Teorieë oor die oorsprong van die volkslied "Daar kom die Alibama"
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 24 –42 (2014)
Oor die herkoms van die liedjie "Daar kom die Alibama" bestaan baie wanopvattings en talle foutiewe afleidings word gemaak as gevolg van die verdraaiing of waninterpretasie van historiese gebeure. Die afwesigheid van &apos;n historiese bewussyn by die algemene publiek, gekombineer met blootstelling aan óf misleidende óf propagandistiese stellings deur skrywers en sprekers rondom hierdie onderwerp, dra by tot verwarring en die vorming van sogenaamde mites oor dié gewilde Afrikaanse liedjie. Hierdie ondersoek na die ontstaansteorieë behels &apos;n grondige studie van primêre en sekondêre bronne en is daarop gemik om mistastings en onwaarhede te weerlê. In die proses moes verkeerde afleidings en foute deur vroeëre skrywers en sprekers onvermydelik uitgewys word. Die rol wat twee skepe genaamd Alabama in die vorming van &apos;n volksliedjie gespeel het, word hier noukeuring nagegaan in &apos;n poging om die oorsprong vas te stel. Die herkoms van die melodie word ook ondersoek - iets wat nog nie voorheen in diepte gedoen is nie.
Where is the Alibama from? Theories on the origin of the folksong "Daar kom die Alibama"
There are many misconceptions about the origin of the song "Daar kom die Alibama" and many erroneous conclusions are made as a result of the distortion or misinterpretation of historical events. The absence of a historical awareness amongst the general public, combined with exposure to misleading and propagandistic statements about this song, contribute to confusion and the spreading of myths about this very popular Afrikaans folksong. In this investigation of the theories on the origin of the song, based on a thorough study of primary and secondary sources, the goal is to refute certain untruths and blunders. During this process it was inevitable to point out wrong conclusions and mistakes made by prior writers and speakers on this topic. The role of two ships named Alabama in the creation of the folk song, is carefully traced in an attempt to verify the origin. The origin of the melody is also researched - something that has never before been investigated in depth.
Southerners and Afrikaners : the search for place and identity
Richard C. Dietrich
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 43 –58 (2014)
Since 1994 Afrikaners have been engaged in the process of redefining their place and their role in the &apos;new South Africa&apos;. In this process elements of their culture - among them cultural/historical symbols, music, historical events and personalities - have been utilised in the effort to forge a new understanding of Afrikaner identity to fit the radically changed circumstances in which they find themselves. The current Afrikaner experience of accommodation to new realities has its parallels with that of white southerners in the United States following the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865 and the end of segregation in the mid-20th century. Although there are clearly some significant differences, the similarities of how the two groups have used elements of their culture and history, and the responses of non-whites, are striking. In addition, the experience of southern accommodation may offer some insight into how the Afrikaners may adjust and adapt to the new South Africa.
Suiderlinge en Afrikaners : die soeke na plek en identiteit
Sedert 1994 is die Afrikaners besig om hulle plek en rol in die &apos;nuwe Suid-Afrika&apos; te vind. In hierdie proses is elemente van hulle kultuur (soos kulturele en geskiedkundige simbole, musiek, geskiedkundige gebeurtenisse en persone) gebruik om &apos;n nuwe Afrikaneridentiteit te skep in hulle radikaal veranderende omstandighede. Die Afrikaner se huidige situasie waarin hy nuwe werklikhede moet aanvaar, toon ooreenkomste met die ondervinding van blanke suiderlinge in die Vereningde State nadat die Konfederasie in 1865 &apos;n nederlaag gely het en die einde van segregasie in die middel van die 20ste eeu. Hoewel daar betekenisvolle verskille is, is die ooreenkomste tussen die twee groepe se gebruik van hulle kultuur en geskiedenis, asook die reaksie van die nie-blanke, treffend. Buitendien mag die ondervinding van Amerikaanse suiderlinge insig gee in hoe die Afrikaners hulle by die nuwe Suid-Afrika mag aanpas.
A Shavian comedy interpreted by a cultural liberal in Cape Town : Ramsden Balmforth on Androcles and the Lion
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 59 –74 (2014)
From 1897 until his death in 1942, Ramsden Balmforth was a prominent figure on the cultural, political, and religious landscapes of Cape Town. In addition to his ministry at the Free Protestant (or Unitarian) church, he was deeply involved in promoting the arts and education while also working for peace and social justice. His many books included studies of drama, fiction, and music, especially that of Richard Wagner. A pacifist, or more specifically pacificist, he lauded his ideological confrère George Bernard Shaw and included the latter&apos;s comedy Androcles and the Lion in his study of 1925, The ethical and religious value of the drama. The present article reveals a high degree of agreement with Shaw&apos;s criticism in that play about Christians&apos; hypocrisy with regard to the use of violence.
&apos;n Shavian komedie geïnterpreteer deur &apos;n kulturele liberalis in Kaapstad : Ramsden Balmforth oor Androcles and the lion
Sedert 1897 tot met sy dood in 1942, was Ramsden Balmforth &apos;n gesiene persoon op kulturele, politieke en godsdienstige gebied in Kaapstad. Bykomend tot sy bediening van die Vrye Protestantse Kerk (of Unitariërkerk), was hy intens gemoeid met die bevordering van die kunste en die opvoeding, terwyl hy hom ook vir vrede en maatskaplike geregtigheid beywer het. Sy talle boeke het studies van drama, fiksie en musiek ingesluit, veral dié van Richard Wagner. As &apos;n pasifis, het hy sy ideologiese confrère George Bernard Shaw bewonder en Shaw se komedie, Androcles and the Lion in sy studie van 1925 ingesluit, naamlik The ethical and religious value of the drama. Hierdie artikel onthul &apos;n hoë mate van instemming met Shaw se kritiek op daardie drama oor die skynheiligheid van Christene met betrekking tot die gebruik van geweld.
Modernism and anti-modernism in the Afrikaner Protestant churches during the twentieth century
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 75 –92 (2014)
This article deals with the apparent contradiction between the rigid conservatism of Afrikaner communities during the greater part of the twentieth century and the often radical modernism of the church buildings which they built during this time. In order to shed light on this issue the social, economic, theological and political background will be investigated. Statements made at the time by theologians, politicians, architects and other intellectuals in this regard will be used as an important aspect of the argument. Guideline texts on how to design an Afrikaans Protestant church, published during this time, will also be referred to.
Modernisme en anti-modernisme in die Afrikaanse Protestantse Kerke gedurende die Twintigste Eeu
Hierdie artikel handel oor die oënskynlike teenstrydigheid tussen die streng konserwatiewe aard van Afrikanergemeenskappe gedurende die grootste gedeelte van die twintigste eeu en die telkens radikale modernisme van die kerkgeboue wat hulle gedurende hierdie tydperk gebou het. Om lig hierop te werp sal die maatskaplike, ekonomiese, teologiese en politieke agtergrond van hierdie kwessie ondersoek word. Stellings wat deur teoloë, politici, argitekte en ander belanghebbendes in die verband gemaak is, sal gebruik word as &apos;n belangrike aspek van die argument. Tekste wat riglyne verskaf vir die ontwerp van Afrikaanse Protestantse kerke wat gedurende hierdie tydperk gepubliseer is, sal ook geraadpleeg word.
On microhistory, memoires, memory, and the "Minnie manuscripts", 1977
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 93 –115 (2014)
This article discusses a collection of memoir-style manuscripts, for the purposes of this article the "Minnie manuscripts", written in 1977 by a then 75-year-old female descendant of German agricultural immigrants to the Western Cape in the nineteenth century, to shed some light on various aspects of the cultural history of this specific community. Language development and migration between German and Afrikaans, the lingua franca in the Western Cape, is one such aspect that will be highlighted in the process. As this article does not concentrate solely on aspects of sociolinguistics, some other foci within the field of cultural history, namely religion, folk medicine and strong interpersonal social relationships, will also be discussed. This is attempted from a metatheoretical construct developed from the notion of microhistory combined with the French Annales approach - two dynamic frameworks from which to read texts such as the manuscripts under discussion. In the process, that which entails memoir, and thus memory, as a concrete manifestation of history will also be touched upon. Moreover, with this article the researcher attempts to give a voice to one female individual by means of "excavating" and "mining" the microhistory of a memoirist to add to the ever louder echoes of the past of previously unheard voices. By unearthing such microhistories in the greater recording of history, another "her story" can now be heard, almost literally.
Oor mikrogeskiedenis, memoires, memorie, en die "Minnie-manuskripte"
Hierdie artikel bespreek &apos;n versameling memoir-tipe manuskripte, vir die doeleindes van hierdie artikel die "Minnie-manuskripte". Dit is in 1977 geskryf deur &apos;n toe 75-jarige vroulike afstammeling van die Duitse landbou-immigrante van die negentiende eeu na die Wes-Kaap, met die doel om sekere aspekte rondom die kultuurgeskiedenis van hierdie spesifieke groep te belig. Taalontwikkeling en -migrasie tussen Duits en Afrikaans, die lingua franca in die Wes-Kaap, is een so &apos;n aspek. Die artikel sal egter nie slegs op sosiolinguistiek fokus nie, maar ook op ander aspekte van die kultuurgeskiedenis, soos godsdiensbeoefening, volksmedisyne en die sterk interpersoonlike sosiale verhoudinge in die gemeenskap. Dit belig hierdie aspekte vanuit &apos;n metateoretiese konstruk wat ontwikkel is uit aspekte van mikrogeskiedenis gekombineer met &apos;n interpretasie van die Franse Annales-beweging, twee dinamiese raamwerke waarmee &apos;n teks soos die genoemde manuskripte gelees kan word. Ook word memoir-skryf, en dus memorie - geheue - as konkrete manifestasie van die geskiedenis belig. Daarmee probeer hierdie artikel &apos;n stem gee aan &apos;n vroulike individu deur haar nagelate herinneringe as memoir-skrywer te myn en te ontgin en dit by die immer luider stemme van voorheen ongehoordes te voeg. Inderdaad, deur sulke mikrogeskiedenisse bloot te lê, word nog &apos;n "her story" amper letterlik gehoor.
Bepaling van die korrekte posisie van die kombuis by Fort Klapperkop, Pretoria
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 116 –138 (2014)
Met die restourasie of rekonstruksie van historiese geboue kan &apos;n verskeidenheid metodes en tegnieke gebruik word om die eindproduk so histories korrek moontlik te kry. Dit was ook die geval met die restourasie van Fort Klapperkop, wat aan die begin van die nuwe millennium gedoen is. &apos;n Spesifieke probleem wat ondervind is, was om die korrekte benaminge aan die onderskeie vertrekke van die fort toe te ken. Hoewel die name bokant die deure geverf was, is dit nie noodwendig as korrek aanvaar nie. Die blootlegging van &apos;n reghoekige gat in die agterste muur van die vertrek, wat tot in hierdie stadium as die telegraafkamer bekend gestaan het, het saam met ander leidrade die vraag laat ontstaan of dit inderdaad die funksie van die betrokke vertrek was. Die hipotese was dat dit die kombuis behoort te wees en dat die gat gebruik is vir die skoorsteenpyp. Verskeie metodes, naamlik die analogie met die ander drie forte van Pretoria, die benutting van historiese foto&apos;s en die nagaan van leidrade wat deur die fort self verskaf is, is gebruik om te bepaal of die benaminge wel korrek is. Laasgenoemde was deurslaggewend in die bepaling van die posisie van die kombuis. Met dít in gedagte, is die ondersoek aangepak. Einde ten laaste is &apos;n monster van die materiaal wat aan die kant van die gat gevind is, aan &apos;n mikro-elementanalise met &apos;n elektronmikroskoop onderwerp. Twee addisionele monsters is geneem en getoets om as kontrole te dien. Die resultaat hiervan, gekombineer met die ander metodes, dien as onteenseglike bewys dat die vertrek oorspronklik as &apos;n kombuis gebruik is.
Determining the correct position of the kitchen at Fort Klapperkop, Pretoria
During the restoration or reconstruction of historical buildings there is a variety of methods and techniques which can be used to obtain a final product which is as historically correct as possible. This was also the case with Fort Klapperkop, which was restored at the beginning of the new millennium. A specific problem which was encountered was the correct naming of the different rooms of the fort. Although these names were painted above each door, this was not necessarily taken as being correct. The reason for this was the discovery of a rectangular hole, in the back of the room marked as the "Telegraph" room, which posed the question whether this was indeed the function of that room. Together with other structural clues, the hypothesis was that it should be the kitchen and the hole was used for the placement of the chimney pipe of the coal stove. Different methods were used in determining whether these rooms were named correctly. These consisted of the analogy with the other three forts of Pretoria, using historical photographs and looking at clues found in the fort itself. The last mentioned were deemed the most important and specifically contributed in determining the position of the kitchen. With this in mind the investigation was undertaken. In the end a sample of the material found on the side of the hole was taken for a micro element analysis with an electron microscope. Two other samples were also taken and tested in order to serve as control measures. The results of the tests combined with the other findings served as conclusive proof that this particular room was the original kitchen.
Eclectic ZA Wilhelmiens: A shared built heritage in South Africa, Karel A. Bakker, Nicholas J. Clarke & Roger C. Fisher (Eds.) : boekbespreking
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 139 –142 (2014)
Gedurende die laaste dekades van die 19de eeu het Nederlandse immigrante, soms "Kruger se Hollanders" genoem, nie net in die onderwys, regte en administrasie van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek groot invloed uitgeoefen nie, maar ook die infrastruktuur vir die ontwikkelende dorpe, paaie en spoorweë in die Transvaal daargestel.
Voortrekkerleiers en trekroetes, Jan C Visagie : boekbespreking
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 143 –145 (2014)
Dr Jan Visagie is bekend as &apos;n deeglike navorser. Voortrekkerleiers en trekroetes word op &apos;n aantreklike manier aangebied vir &apos;n wye verskeidenheid lesers. Vanselfsprekend handel dié boek oor trekroetes, maar Visagie slaag uitmuntend daarin om ook die "mens" vir die leser lewendig te maak - soos die verwysing na die vriendskap tussen die Duitse natuurkundige Ludwig Krebs en die bekende Hans de Lange - De Lange het op sy togte na die binneland vir Krebs sekere "natuurkundige spesimens" versamel.