Jean L'Herminier
Jean L'Herminier (25 July 1902 - 7 June 1953) was a French naval officer, most notable for his command of the "Redoutable"-class submarine "Casabianca". Life. 1902-1940. Born into a naval family in Fort-de-France, he studied at the Collège Stanislas de Paris before joining the École navale in 1921 and choosing to serve on submarines. He became second in command of the new Redoubtable-class submarine "Persée" in 1932 and was badly wounded on 26 September that year when its motors exploded during trials. In 1934 he was put in command of the 600 tonne submarine "Orphée , followed in 1936 by the 1200 tonne submarine Morse". At the time of the German offensive in May 1940 he was navigation officer of the "Montcalm", a post he had held since 1938. With her he took part in the evacuation of Namsos in Norway. After France surrendered, he remained loyal to Philippe Pétain's new Vichy government, fighting aboard the "Montcalm" in the defence of Dakar against a Free French and British attack. In November 1940 he took command of another Redoubtable-class submarine, the ""Sidi-Ferruch" 1941-1945. He fell ill in January 1942 and removed from the  Sidi-Ferruch and assigned to command the "Casabianca", yet another Redoubtable-class vessel. On 27 November 1942, when German forces broke into the naval port at Toulon, the "Casabianca" was "de relève" (i.e. with personnel and equipment available) rather than "en gardiennage d'armistice" (under armistice caretaking). Low on fuel, the crews of the oil-powered surface ships in the port were unable to escape and therefore had no option but to scuttle rather than be seized, but the diesel-powered submarines were able to sortie almost immediately. Jean L'Herminier chose to sail and break out for the open sea, but  was unsure whether to obey his orders from admiral Darlan to scuttle in deep water or to join the Free French naval forces. He discussed the matter with his officers and crew, who favoured the latter option, and so L'Herminier sailed for Algiers, under the control of British and American forces since Operation Torch, which had opened on 8 November that year. Just after the scuttling his sister Jeanne joined the French Resistance - her collection of silhouette drawings of others deported to concentration camps with her such as de Gaulle's niece and Juliette Greco's sister are now in  the musée de la Résistance et de la Déportation de la citadelle de Besançon. At Algiers the submarine was assigned to coordinate with the first resistance networks on Corsica as part of Operation Pearl Harbour, with a view to a French landing. It provided permanent logistical support to the first four agents on the island (Toussaint and Pierre Griffi, Laurent Preziosi and Roger de Saule), notably resupplying the maquis with weapons and then commander commandant Paulin Colonna d'Istria, put in charge of coordinating with the resistance to enable landings by special forces. On 13 September 1943 it landed the first  Free French soliders on Corsica, 109 men of 1st Shock Parachutist Battalion, at Ajaccio, the first city in mainland France to be liberated. The liberation of Bastia on 4 October completed the liberation of Corsica. L'Herminier was promoted to frigate captain in August 1943 but refused to relinquish command until the liberation of Corsica was complete, even after being diagnosed with several thrombosis, leading to the amputation of both legs. Post-war. He went to the USA for medical treatment from August 1944 to July 1946, but still remained on extraordinary duties and represented the navy on the administrative committee  of the Office national des anciens combattants (ONAC). He was promoted to capitaine de vaisseau in December 1945 and made a Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur on 28 October 1952. He wrote two books of memoirs, "Casabianca" and "Entre ciel et mer", dying in Paris aged 51. He is buried in the 17th division of cimetière des Batignolles in Paris.