Zhufan
Zhufan (, local accent:zhuf, or Juf) also called West Zhufan or Xizhufan (), is an administrative village governed by Shilianghe Town () of Donghai County, in the northof Jiangsu Province, China. The village lies to the west of Ganyu of Lianyungang. It borders Shandong Province to the northeast, and Ganyu to the northwest. There are two small rivers: Tangzi River lies in the east and Zhufan River in the southwest. Until the 1980s Zhufan lay on the western side of the Tangzi River, leading to it being called Hexi (River West) by the locals. Due to flood damage in the 1980s , a new village was built to the northeast of the old village, and therefore the village is now situated on the eastern side of the Tangzi River. And it now covers three small sub-villages: Wang Zhufan, Wang Banlu (Local pronunciation: Banl), and Yuan Banlu (Banl). Zip Code: 222133 Telephone Code: 0518 Geography. Landscape and rivers. Zhufan is situated between 11846'38.63"~11847'58.35" east longitude and 3449'23.21"~3450'50.60" north latitude. Zhufan covers an area of 3.5 km². All the area of the village are the low and flat plain between River Zhufan and River Tangzi. Actually the most of part of the river  are regarded as the boundary to the adjoining villages. River Tangzi is formed by the confluence of two rivers. The larger one rises from eastern upland area of Yushan Town in Linshu County of Shandong Province, and flows southward. The small one rises from the western hilly countries of Ganyu County of Jiangsu Province, and flows southwestward. The two rivers enter Zhufan to south of G327, and converge to the west of Public Tomb Area and the east of Bamboo Yard of Zhufan. Then It flows southward, turn eastward at Yandan Jing (Duck Egg Well) and flows 570 meters, and  then turn southward. Finally it converges in Reservoir Shilianghe to the west of Mengjialing Village. River Zhufan also has two sources. The small source is also called River Zhufan, formed from the Mount Cangma in north of Linshu Town of Linshu County, flows southward and converges in Reservoir Jiaolong. The large source is called River Mutuan, formed in the western hilly countries of Yushan Town of Linshu County. The two sources converge between Lietuan Village and Zhangtuan Village, flows southeastward and converge into Reservoir Shilianghe in the east of Dongwozi Village. Historically River Tangzi was also called River Dongjiawan named  after Dongjiawan Village which was situated to the west of Mengjialing Village before building Reservoir Shilianghe in 1958. River Tangzi and River Zhufan converged historically at Sanjiaowang Village into a larger river called River Dasha. And then River Shiliang formed from Mount Maling converged into River Dasha. River Dasha flowed southeastward and into the Yellow Sea in Linhongkou. After 1949, the riverbeds of River Shilianghe and River Dasha became the New River Shoo. Climate. Zhufan has a monsoon-influenced climate with generous summer precipitation, with cold, dry in winters, and hot, humid in summers. Under the Köppen climate classification, is  in the transition from the humid subtropical zone ("Cwa") to the humid continental zone ("Dwa"), though favouring the former. More than half of the annual precipitation of falls in July and August alone, and the frost-free period is above 200 days. Economy. Zhufan's economy is heavily dependent on crop farming and construction. Crops cover wheat, paddy, peanut and corn and soy bean. The other crops such as Red adzuki beans, mung beans are planted occasionally on some small fields. Usually women and old men are the main labor in farming. Most of the younger men are the construction  workers. There is some primitive industry in wood and meat processing and cement products. They only provide a few industrial products. Zhufan has a country fair for the adjoining areas. The villagers buy and sell food, clothes, necessities, hardware, and farming tools, on some fixed days in every month as per Lunar Calendar. There are also some small markets in the village. Demography. Population. According to China 2010 Census information, the village had a population of 3200. All the villagers are Han Chinese. Wang () is the most popular family name in the village. It covers two families: Sanhuaitang () and Yeyutang (). Family of Sanghuaitang declares that they came from Danglu, a little village situated near Huaguoshan of Lianyungang. they do not know when they arrived at this village in paper or oral legend. But they arrived at this village much earlier than family of Yeyutang. Family of Yeyutang came from Dengzhou of Shandong Province during Chongzhen (BC1628~BC1644) (year's name of Emperor Sizong Zhu Youjian) in Ming Dynasty. The ancestor who came to the village was a fishman. The family regard Xinzhuang, a village near Qingkou of Ganyu County, as their home place. However, the latest Genealogy research shows  that the two family are descended from a man named Wang Ying, who lived in Later period of Southern Song. Wang Ying's elder son became the ancestor of Yeyutang Family, and the junior the ancestor of Sanhuaitang Family. Other families' names cover Zhu(), Xu(), Xiang(), Li(), Yuan(), Liu(), Lǚ(), Zhang(),etc., and about 10% of families use them totally. But there is no Wang's family in Yuan Banlu. Religion. Chinese folk beliefs are practiced widely. The villagers worship ancestors, ghost and kinds of gods. But there are no fixed religious places and rites. The Villagers can finish the rites  by themselves in the ancestors' tombs or the courtyards. Christianity is also practiced by some people. But the most of Christian are the old man and women. They only take part in the religious gathering, listen to the preach and sing the religious songs. They cannot distinguish the Christ from other gods worshiped by most of Chinese people usually. They believe that the Christ maybe has great power than common Chinese gods. The Christianity is regarded by some villagers as a kind cult because Christian is usually passionate about religious affairs rather than other affairs. Dialect. The dialect of  Zhufan is kind of Central Plain Mandarin. However, there are many differences from other Central Plain Mandarin, because it lies in the most eastern part of the dialect. Being adjacent to Jialiao Man Mandarin Zone, it is affected by Jiaoliao Mandarin, and keeps some characters of pronunciation and many words of Jialiao Mandarin. The system of consonants and vowels of local dialect is much more like Ganyu Dialect, which is a kind dialect more like Jiaoliao Mandarin than Central Plain Mandarin. But the tones are more similar to Central Plain Dialect than Ganyu Dialect. The consonant of /w/ and vowel  of /u/ does not exist, and is replaced by /v/. There is also no initial letter R of Standard Mandarin. For example, the Re (热,hot) and Ye (叶,leaf) are homonyms in local dialect. Some consonant clusters exist in the local accent, for example, "kl" and "pl". Comparatively, the local people speak usually a little quicker. Administrative Managing System and Politics. There are three natural villages in Zhufan since the early 1950s. The three natural villages are: Wang Zhufan(), Yuan Banlu()and Wang Banlu(). But the natural villages are not village managing unit. The basic managing unit of village is  villager group according to Organic Law of Village Committees. Zhufan is divided into 7 villager groups spontaneously. Wang Zhufan covers 1st - 5th villager group; Wang Banlu is the 6th villager group and Yuan Banlu 7th villager group. In Chinese mainland, all the administrative villages serves as a fundamental organizational unit for its rural population, not as the part of system of government. As a bureaucratic entity, The director of village committee is corporate representative, and also called Village Chief by the villagers traditionally. The election of director of village committee is held every three years. The influence over the election  is usually from township government, large clans, the rich, and even the gangsters. The latest election was held in 2011. The Chinese Communist Party is the sole legal party. Its secretary of village branch is the supreme leader de facto of the village. the quantity of communist party member is less than 1% of all villagers. And most of them are only statistic member of the Party. History. The name of ZHUFAN ()was first mentioned by a Genealogy Book of Yeyutang Wangshi, written in the 1850s. But the official documents shortly after, the name of village was written as “诸樊”or  “朱樊”. There are no records that record when the village was founded. But according to the legend, the earliest residents were all family of the Fan (),and the village was also called Fanjia Zhuang (the village of Fan family. Hundred years later, the family of Zhu () came and replace the family of Fan gradually, and became the main residents. So the name of village changed to Zhufan Zhuang (the village of Fan and Zhu families. Years later, Wang ()Family came this village and became the main residents in early Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The name of the village changed to  Wangzhufan()and is fixed. There are a historic site of ancient Zhuqi in Gucheng Village of Ganyu County, about 1.5 km northeastward from Zhufan. Zhuqi is a small vassal state, whose founder and founding time are all not clear. During early Dong Zhou, it was conquered by State of Lu and became one of Lu's border city. From the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, zhuqi had been the county site before it was combined with Huairen County (i.e. Ganyu County) In Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, it became border of Yichow Fu of Shandong province, and governed by Lanshan  County. During Republic of China, Lanshan County changed its name to Linyi County. Jufan is a village under Linshu Town of Linyi County. Linshu Town became the Fifth District of Linyi County in 1934. During the Anti-Japan War, the Communist Part of China came here and domain rural area. Zhufan became the central of areas controlled by Communist Party and the seat of division headquarters of 18th Army 115 Division. The Communist Party divided the eastern part of Linyi County, western part of Ganyu County and northeastern part of Tancheng County to found a new county named Linshu. Zhufan  became a village of this new county. After Communist Party controlled the China's Mainland, Most areas were taken apart and adjusted. Zhufan was divided into five small villages: Wang Zhufan, Xu Zhufan, Yao Zhufan, Wang Banlu, and Yuan Banlu. Every village has its own basic branch of the Communist Party, ruling the village. In 1962, the Reservoir Shilianghe was completed and stored waters. So Zhufan became the submerging area, and villagers had to move northward. But the new houses are very bad because of corruption of the Communist officials. Many housed collapsed when rainstorm came in summer. So the  villagers had to move back to the old site to build new house by themselves. In April 1971, Zhufan was put under Jiangsu Province. The villagers was not willing to live in Ganyu County, so the Zhufan became a village of Donghai County. In 1978, Zhufan was a village of Nanchen Town. During the early 1980s, the villagers built their new home in the most northeastern part of the village near G327. In February 2013, Nanchen Town and Shilianghe Town was combined into a new Shilianghe Town.