Soldanella
The genus Soldanella, commonly known in English as snowbell, includes about 15 species of flowering plants native to European mountains, from the Pyrenees, the Apennines, the Alps, the Carpathians and the Balkans. They grow in woods, damp pastures and rocky landscapes from 500-3,000 m above sea level, often in hollows which hold snow into late spring and early summer. The name "Soldanella" means "little coins" in Italian. Appearance. The plant typically has a basal rosette of simple, orbicular leaves 1–5 cm wide, with the flower stalks arising from the centre of the rosette, each stalk bearing 1-6  white to violet flowers. The species are similar to each other and it is nearly impossible to identify images. Subtle differences are observable using a magnifying glass. The species can be lumped in groups of similar appearance. Large-sized plants 1. "S. villosa" occurring in Basque Lands at low elevations has large papery leaves and about 1 mm glandular hairs on petioles. Medium-sized plants 2. "S. alpina" including "S. occidentalis" and "S. pyrolaefolia" occurring in the Alps and Southern European mountains has sitting glands on petioles, scapes and pedicels. 3. "S. carpatica" occurring in the Western Carpathians in Slovakia  and Poland has sitting glands on petioles but short glandular hairs on pedicels. 4. "S. marmarossiensis" including "S. rugosa" occurring in the North-Eastern Carpatians in Ukraine and Romania has short glandular hairs on petioles and pedicels and narrowly crateriform corolla. 5. "S. angusta", "S. calabrella", "S. chrysosticta" including "S. cyanaster", "S. hungarica", "S. major", "S. montana", "S. oreodoxa", "S. pindicola" including "S. dimoniei" and "S. macedonica", "S. pseudomontana", "S. rhodopaea", "S. tatricola" all having broadly crateriform corolla mutually differ in the length and shape of cells forming short glandular hairs on petioles and pedicells. Small-sized plants 6. "S.  alpicola" occurring in the Alps, "S. pusilla" occurring in the Southern Carpathians and "S. pirinica" occurring in Bulgaria are characterized by the top position of the bract and sitting glands. Often encountered hybrid "S. alpina" × "S. alpicola" has laterally positioned bract. 7. "S. austriaca" and "S. minima" occurring in the Alps and Apennines are characterized by short glandular hairs and laterally positioned bract.