USS Lenape (ID-2700)
USS "Lenape" (ID-2700) was a troop transport for the United States Navy in 1918, during World War I. She was launched in 1912 as SS "Lenape, a passenger steamer for the Clyde Line. After the entry of the United States into World War I in 1917, she was chartered by the United States Army as transport USAT "Lenape. After her Navy service ended in October 1918, she was returned to the Army. Early career. "Lenape" was launched by Newport News Shipbuilding Co. of Newport News, Virginia, in 1912 for the Clyde Steamship Company, known as the Clyde  Line. She operated as a passenger steamer on the East Coast of the United States, typically on a New York City–Charleston–Jacksonville route. After the United States declared war on Germany, the units that comprised the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) were selected in early May and ordered to Europe within 30 days. The Army, needing transports to get the men and materiel to France, re-formed the Army Transport Service. A committee of shipping executives pored over registries of American shipping and, on 28 May 1917, selected "Lenape" and thirteen other American ships that were sufficiently fast, could carry  enough coal in their bunkers for transatlantic crossings, and, most importantly, were in port or not far at sea. After "Lenape" discharged her last load of passengers, she was officially chartered by the Army on 1 June. Army career. Before any troop transportation could be undertaken, all of the ships had to be hastily refitted—in little more than two weeks in the case of "Lenape". Of the fourteen ships, ten, including "Lenape", were designated to carry human passengers; the other four were designated as animal ships. The ten ships designated to carry troops had to have all of their  second- and third-class accommodations ripped out and replaced with berths for troops. Cooking and toilet facilities had to be greatly expanded to handle the large numbers of men aboard. Structural reinforcement below the platforms was required before the ships could outfit for guns at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The American convoy carrying the AEF was broken into four groups; "Lenape" was in the second group with , , and escorts consisting of cruiser , armed yacht , and destroyers , , . Major General William L. Sibert and the headquarters of the First Division along with the supply companies and one battalion (of three) of the  26th Infantry Regiment embarked on "Lenape" at New York. The ship, under the command of U.S. Navy Lieutenant Commander P. E. Dampman, departed with her group on 14 June for Brest, France, steaming at a comfortable pace. "Fanning" soon traded places with converted yacht from the first group, when that ship was unable to maintain the lead group's pace. A thwarted submarine attack on the first convoy group, and reports of heavy submarine activity off of Brest resulted in a change in the convoy's destination to . As "Lenape" <nowiki>'</nowiki>s group neared France, U.S. destroyers based  at Queenstown, Ireland, and French destroyers joined to escort the convoy. Just before noon 26 June, while the group was off the coast of France, a submarine was sighted in the distance. It submerged when the escorting destroyers converged on its position, escaping without firing a shot. About two hours later another sub was sighted and chased by , one of the Queenstown destroyers. "Cummings" depth charged the location of the sub and noted debris and an oil slick on the surface after one explosion. The convoy arrived at the next day. After returning to the United States, "Lenape" sailed on  24 September as part of the 8th convoy with , "Antilles", and escorted by cruiser . According to Crowell and Wilson, the 8th group was "destined to misfortune". Three days out from New York, "Lenape" developed engine trouble and was compelled to return to port. On their return journeys, "Antilles" was torpedoed and sunk, while "Finland", also torpedoed, managed to limp back to Brest. Navy career. "Lenape" did not make any more transatlantic crossings under Army control, and was acquired by the Navy 10 April 1918. Commissioned on 24 April under command of Commander Robert Morris, the "Lenape" shifted south to Newport  News, Virginia, for her next convoy, her first as a commissioned Navy vessel. Embarking a contingent of troops that included the 122nd Machine Gun Battalion of the 33rd Infantry Division, "Lenape" sailed at 18:30 on 10 May, accompanied by American transports , , , , and , the British steamer "Kursk", and the Italian . The group rendezvoused with a similar group that left New York the same day, consisting of , , , British troopship , and Italian steamers and . American cruiser served as escort for the assembled ships, which were the 35th U.S. convoy of the war. On 20 May, the convoy sighted and fired on a "submarine  that turned out to be a bucket; the next day escort Frederick" left the convoy after being relieved by nine destroyers. Three days later the convoy sighted land at 06:30 and anchored at Brest that afternoon. "Lenape" sailed for Newport News and arrived there safely on 6 June with "Pastores" and "Princess Matoika". Fate, however, was not as kind to former convoy mates "President Lincoln" and "Dwinsk". On their return journeys they were sunk by German submarines "U-90" and "U-151", respectively. "Lenape" set sail from Newport News on 14 June with "Wilhelmina", "Pastores", "Princess Matoika", and British steamer "Czar". On  the morning of 16 June, lookouts on "Princess Matoika" spotted a submarine and, soon after, a torpedo heading directly for that ship. The torpedo missed her by a few yards and gunners manning the ship's  guns claimed a hit on the sub with their second shot. Later that morning, the Newport News ships met up with the New York portion of the convoy—which included , "Finland", , , "Covington", "Rijndam", "Dante Alighieri", and British steamer "Vauben"—and set out for France. The convoy was escorted by cruisers and "Frederick", and destroyers and ; battleship and several other destroyers joined in escort duties for  the group for a time. The convoy had a false alarm when a floating barrel was mistaken for submarine, but otherwise uneventfully arrived at Brest on the afternoon of 27 June. "Lenape", "Covington", "Princess Matoika", "Rijndam", "George Washington", "DeKalb", "Wilhelmina", and "Dante Alighieri" left Brest as a group on 30 June. The following evening at 21:15, "Covington" was torpedoed by "U-86" and sank the next afternoon. "Lenape", "Rijndam", and "Dante Alighieri" arrived back in the United States on 12 July. "Lenape" took on board 1,853 officers and men and sailed from Hoboken, New Jersey on 18 July in the company  of "George Washington", "Rijndam", , , and the Italian steamer "Regina d'Italia". Joined by a Newport News group, all arrived safely in France on 30 July. Arriving back stateside on 13 August, "Lenape" sailed again from New York with 2,024 troops nine days later in convoy with , "Wilhelmina", "DeKalb", "Rijndam", "Toloa", and the French steamer "Sobral". Returning from her final cruise for the Navy on 17 September, "Lenape" was returned to the Army 28 October. In February 1919, "Lenape" was returned to the Clyde Line. Sinks at NYC Pier. On Wednesday, 12 October 1921, The New York Times reported that on the  previous day, the Lenape, moored on the north side of Pier 36, North River, filled with water and sank at her pier. The accident happened between 9 and 10 A.M. Officials of the line refrained from giving out any information, and neither police or Naval Communications Service were informed of the sinking until late that night. Only the crew were on board the steamship, and they climbed to safety on the pier before the vessel sank. The Lenape was in the New York-Charleston-Jacksonville Clyde line service. She had just arrived on her last voyage Sunday and was due  to sail again on the following Saturday. No cargo was on board, and the damage, according to wreckers in charge of raising the vessel, was comparatively slight. Soon after the vessel went down the Merritt & Chapman Wrecking Company was notified and sent three wrecking tugs to raise the ship. According to a report made on the night of the accident by the wreckers, the engine room and after part of the Lenape were filled with water, but the forward holds were dry, with the bow of the steamship sticking out of the water, high and dry. It was thought by  the wreckers that members of the engine room force were working on the ship seacocks and that these valves had been opened. After opening, it is believed the men found it impossible to close them again. Captain I. M. Tooker of the wrecking company said he expected to raise the steamship by the following morning.