King of the Rocket Men
King of the Rocket Men is a 1949 12-chapter black-and-white movie serial from Republic Pictures, produced by Franklin Adreon, directed Fred C. Brannon, that stars Tristram Coffin, Mae Clarke, Don Haggerty, House Peters, Jr., James Craven, and I. Stanford Jolley. This movie serial is notable for featuring the only character actually called "Rocket Man", a misnomer applied by fans to the other Republic rocket-powered heroes that followed in their later serials: "Radar Men from the Moon" (1952), "Zombies of the Stratosphere" (1952), and "" (1953). Plot. An evil genius of unknown identity , calling himself "Dr. Vulcan" (heard only as a voice and seen as a mysterious shadow on a brightly lit wall), plots to conquer the world. He needs to first eliminate, one by one, the members of the Science Associates, an organization of America's greatest scientists. After narrowly escaping an attempt on his life by Vulcan, one member of Science Associates, Dr. Millard (James Craven) goes into hiding. He soon outfits another member, Jeff King (Tristram Coffin) with an advanced, atomic-powered rocket backpack, attached to leather jacket with a bullet-shaped, aerodynamic flight helmet, and a raygun that they  had been developing together. Using the flying jacket and helmet and other inventions provided by Dr. Millard, and aided by magazine reporter and photographer Glenda Thomas (Mae Clarke), Jeff King, as Rocket Man, battles Vulcan and his henchmen through a dozen action-packed Republic serial chapters. Eventually, Vulcan steals Millard's most dangerous invention, a Sonic Decimator, and uses it to flood, then destroy New York City. The mysterious Dr. Vulcan is eventually unmasked and brought to justice by Jeff King while in his Rocket Man persona. Production. Kirk Alyn was considered for the lead as Jeff King/Rocket Man , but the part eventually went to Coffin. "King of the Rocket Men" was budgeted at $164,984, although the final negative cost was $165,592 (a $608, or 0.4%, overspend); it was the most expensive Republic serial of 1949. The serial, Republic production number 1704, was filmed between April 6 and 27, 1949. Two streamlined, bullet-shaped prop helmets were used with the sonic-powered, rocket-equipped backpack attached to a leather flying jacket. The first was made of lighter-weight materials and worn only during the various stunt action scenes; during filming, the single-hinged visors on both  helmets frequently warped and would stick open or closed. "King of the Rocket Men" lacks a colorful costumed villain along the lines of Republic's earlier serials "Adventures of Captain Marvel" and "The Crimson Ghost". The final chapter's flooding and destruction footage had previously been used by the studio as the centerpiece for 1941's "Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc.". Stunts. Rocket Man in action was played by three different Republic stuntmen. Dave Sharpe performed the leaps into the air and acrobatics necessary to simulate flight. Tom Steele was the second stuntman in the rocket pack and helmet, and  Dale Van Sickel took the role when Steele and Sharpe were unavailable or were being used in the same stunt shot. The first appearance of Rocket Man (Dave Sharpe) has him flying directly into the back of a fast-moving, tarp-covered truck, driven by stuntman Tom Steele, then getting into a fist-fight with Vulcan's henchmen; in that same fight sequence Tom Steele is also the stuntman in the Rocket Man costume. Special effects. Several shots in the serial feature the Rocket Man character flying across broad vistas of barren landscape, an effect achieved by Howard and Theodore  Lydecker running a full-sized dummy on internal pulleys along a very long, taut wire tilted at an downward angle to the horizontal. The same strategy had produced remarkable flying sequences in the earlier Republic serial "Adventures of Captain Marvel" (1941). Dave Sharpe's take-offs were accomplished with concealed springboards, and his landings by simply jumping down from some raised position into the film frame. The shots of King as Rocket Man taking off, flying, and landing were reused in three subsequent Republic productions featuring flying heroes: "Radar Men from the Moon" (1952), "Zombies of the Stratosphere" (1952), and   (1953). Rocket Man's raygun "appeared to be a German Luger (acceptable in this post-wartime serial) with a silvery cone propped over the barrel". The tidal wave in the serial's final chapter is actually stock footage taken from RKO's once-thought-lost science fiction feature film, "Deluge" (1933). Stock footage was being used for most of the chapters' cliffhanger endings, showing the "downward trend of late 1940s Republic serials". Release. Theatrical. "King of the Rocket Men"'s official release date was June 8, 1949, although this was actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to  film exchanges. A 65-minute feature film version, created by editing the serial footage together, was released on July 25, 1951; it was one of 14 feature films Republic made from their serials. The title was changed to "Lost Planet Airmen" after using the working titles "The Lost Planet" and "Lost Planetmen". The ending was changed for the feature version. Instead of New York City being reduced to rubble by a deluge, as in the serial, those events are dismissed as just the "dream of a mad man" and did not really happen. (A similar change was made in the  feature version of "Drums of Fu Manchu".) "King of the Rocket Men" was re-released on July 16, 1956 between the similar re-releases of "Adventures of Frank and Jesse James" and "Federal Operator 99". The last original Republic serial release was "King of the Carnival" in 1955. Critical reception. Film historian William C. Cline describes this serial as "one of Republic's last cliff-hangers with any originality to it". He singles out Clarke's performance, noting she is "a refreshing note in an otherwise routine proceeding".