Charaxes achaemenes
Charaxes achaemenes, the bushveld emperor or bush charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae found across Africa. Description. The wingspan is 55–60 mm in males and 60–70 mm in females. The wings in the male above black, at the base black-grey with a common white transverse band, which is placed on the forewing about the middle, on the hindwing somewhat before the middle, hence in the latter not covering the base of cellule 3; the median band forms on the forewing single quadrate spots in cellules la—3 and 7 and two widely separated spots in each  cellule from 4 to 6; on the hindwing it terminates at vein 2. The forewing has small rounded spots at the ends of the interneural folds and the hindwing whitish marginal streaks, more or less tinged with blue, in cellules lc-5 and similar submarginal streaks in cellules lc—7. The under surface is marked almost as in "etesipe", but has a lighter ground-colour, finer transverse streaks and a rather sharply defined whitish median band. The female differs in having the basal part of the upper surface yellow-brown and the median band light orange-yellow; the marginal spots on the  upperside of the forewing are larger, streak-like and red-yellow, the marginal and submarginal spots of the hindwing are larger and the marginal spots distinct in cellules 6 and 7 also, but there red-yellow. Above the female strongly recalls "Ch. saturnus" and the female of "Ch. guderiana", but these species are quite differently marked beneath. ab. "fasciatus" Suff, only differs in the much larger submarginal spots on the upperside of the hindwing. Mhonda in German East Africa. A full description is given by Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan (1900). "Novitates Zoologicae" Volume 7:287-524. page 460-463 (for  terms see "Novitates Zoologicae" Volume 5:545-601 ) The female is similar to both sexes of "Charaxes saturnus" and to the female of "Charaxes guderiana". Biology. Flight period is year-round. The habitat is dry savanna and deciduous woodland. Larvae feed on "Pterocarpus rotundifolius", "Pterocarpus angolensis", "Xanthocercis zambesiaca", "Dalbergia boehmii", "Piliostigma thonningii", "Pterocarpus erinaceus", "Dalbergia nitidula", and "Brachystegia spiciformis". Notes on the biology of "achaemenes" are gien by Pringle et al (1994), Larsen, T.B. (1991), Larsen, T.B. (2005) and Kielland, J. (1990). . Subspecies. Listed alphabetically: Taxonomy. "Charaxes achaemenes" is a member of the species group "Charaxes etesipe" The clade members are