Sid Kuller
Sid Kuller (27 October 1910 New York City, New York – 16 September 1993 in Sherman Oaks, California) was an American comedy writer, producer and lyricist/composer, who concentrated on special musical material, gags and sketches for leading comics. He collaborated with Ray Golden and Hal Fimberg on the screenplay of the Marx Brothers' vehicle "The Big Store", for which he also supplied the lyrics to the musical climax, "The Tenement Symphony". Earlier in their careers, Kuller and Golden wrote comedy songs and special material for the Ritz Brothers. Although he wrote prodigiously and with facility throughout his life , Kuller admitted, "The creation of comedy is a painful experience". Vaudeville. After attending Columbia University, Kuller began contributing jokes and songs to vaudeville performers, such as Bert Lahr and Jack Benny, and became a ghost-gag-writer for the legendary Al Boasberg. While working on an Earl Carroll Vanities show he started to write comedy bits for the precision-dancing Ritz Brothers, who brought him and fellow-writer Ray Golden with them to Hollywood in 1937. On Broadway Kuller and Golden were part of the team which wrote the book for the progressive 1940 revue "Meet the People", which included  one of his early hit songs "Elmer's Wedding Day" (with music by Jay Gorney). He also wrote the political musical revue, "O Say Can You Sing", which was performed in Chicago, and may have been one of the producers of the original Chicago production of the Federal Theater Project's groundbreaking all-black "Swing Mikado"., which transferred to Broadway without him. Hollywood career. Through a string of Ritz Brothers' credits, the team of Kuller and Golden became known as one of Hollywood's best special material writers. At this time Kuller, who specialized in funny, though politically aware sketches  and clever blackouts, kept an open house in the Hollywood Hills where jazz and swing bands regularly jammed, including Duke Ellington's. Groucho Marx quickly recognized in Kuller a fellow wit (and admirer of Gilbert and Sullivan), and kept him on set to zing up lines for "The Big Store" as they went along (e.g., he's credited with, "You mean a woman of your culture and money and beauty and money would marry this impostor?"). Returning after war service with the U.S. Army Air Corps First Motion Picture Unit, Kuller divided his time between writing and producing for Broadway  ("Alive and Kicking", debuting Gwen Verdon 1950); television ("Colgate Comedy Hour", hosts Martin and Lewis, Donald O'Connor 1952-3; "The Milton Berle Show" 1951; "The Jackie Gleason Show" 1970); and various night-club acts (e.g. The Sportsmen Quartet). In 1952 he executive produced with Ben Hecht "Actor's and Sin", using archive footage of Louis B. Mayer and Jack L. Warner, which ran into trouble when some theater chains refused to show it on the grounds that it lampooned Hollywood. In the 1970s Sid collaborated with Sandy Matlowsky and Tige Andrews (of Mod Squad fame) on two original songs on  the Tiger Records label in Los Angeles, California. "The Modfather" and "Keep America Beautiful" were the A and B sides of the vinyl 45 single release. These songs had humor and poignancy for the post 60s youth culture that was embracing political awareness and the social revolution. Sid's clever writing techniques are at its finest in this rare collection that contributed to the advocacy of world peace and the environmental movement. Black Entertainment Involvement. Redd Foxx recalled that Kuller had become a household name among black performers of the 1940s. While working on the cotton-picking pastiche in "The  Big Store" ("Up n' down the ole plantation, All the cotton was-a rottin away etc."), Kuller conceived with Duke Ellington the idea for a black, topical revue that would challenge segregation and try to break down the old Uncle Tom and Stepin Fetchit stereotypes still prevalent in the industry at that time. Their stated aim was to correct the race situation through theatrical propaganda. "Jump for Joy", starring Dorothy Dandridge, Ellington and other leading black performers, ran for three months at the Mayan Theater in Los Angeles before an integrated audience, with the backing of the Marx Brothers, Orson  Welles and other Hollywood liberals. Kuller co-directed most of the skits he wrote, and together with Paul Francis Webster contributed biting lyrics to the music of Hal Borne and Ellington (e.g. "Fare thee well, land of cotton; cotton lisle is out of style"). As Kuller later explained: "Traditionally, black humor had been portrayed by blacks for white audiences from a white point of view. Our material was from the point of view of black people looking at whites." Although the show was an artistic and popular success, it had to be shut down with the outbreak of the Pacific  War. Kuller was also an early supporter of comedian and jazzman Scatman Crothers, with whom he worked on television. Kuller cast him in a featured role in his directorial debut, the 1950 swing version of "The Return of Gilbert and Sullivan", filmed in the United Kingdom. For Louis Armstrong Kuller created a jazz versus opera routine featuring Robert Merrill. Kuller together with Borne also contributed to the successful revitalization of the Will Mastin Trio song and dance act in the early 50s, helping launch the breakthrough of Sammy Davis Jr. . During the 1950s he was involved with some other projects  for black performers, most of which did not come to fruition: including another revue entitled "Swing Family Robinson", a biopic of Ellington and a revival of "Jumpin for Joy" in Las Vegas. Later career. Kuller joined ASCAP in 1942 and was active in organizing many Variety Club charity shows. In the 1956 Jule Styne production "Mr. Wonderful", one of Kuller's interpolated songs ("Daddy, Uncle and Me") was performed by Sammy Davis, Jr. He was also the writer and producer of "Miltown Revisited", the disastrous last Las Vegas show of Abbott and Costello, when the partnership finally split up in  1956. Kuller recalled that after Abbott turned up drunk for the second show at the Sahara Hotel, Costello never forgave him: "It was the most terrible night of [Kuller's] life in show business." Nevertheless, Kuller continued producing night-club acts until his death and was responsible for writing two fondly remembered parody shows for the Jewish dialect comedians Mickey Katz and Billy Gray: "The Cohen Mutiny" (i.e. "Caine" takeoff) and "My Fairfax Lady", where an upperclass British woman is taught to speak with a Jewish accent! In 1963 Kuller was heavily involved in writing (and rewriting) the ambitious, but  troubled Vernon Duke musical "Zenda", based on "The Prisoner of Zenda", for the San Francisco Light Opera Company with Alfred Drake and Chita Rivera. But his final stage experience was to be the hit 1981-3 revue "Sophisticated Ladies", starring Gregory Hines, where famous songs he and others wrote with Ellington (e.g. "Bli-Blips") were introduced to a new generation. He and his wife Morine were supporters of Oakwood, the cooperative school established in Hollywood by the actor Robert Ryan, a fellow liberal active in the Civil rights movement, and his Quaker wife.