Shivalik Fossil Park
Shivalik Fossil Park, also known as the Suketi Fossil Park , is a notified National Geo-heritage Monument Location. The park is named after the Suketi village where it is located, at the site where the fossils were found, in the Markanda River valley, at the foot of the Himalayas. It is southwest of Nahan, the district headquarters of Sirmaur district. Kala Amb, a small industrial town, is away on the Kala Amb-Bikramabad road. The park, extensively forested, is spread out over an area of at Suketi. A tourism information desk is maintained at the park. It  is 70 km from Chandigarh, 48 km from Yamunanagar, 48 km from Ambala and 250 km from Delhi. There is narrow side lane to reach the park. Preferable use small vehicle to reach there. History. The idea to establish a museum was mooted to preserve the fossil site and the fossils from being indiscriminately extracted and vandalized. It was also intended to provide prehistoric period scientific information for scholarly research. The Geological Survey of India, in association with the Government of Himachal Pradesh, established the park on 23 March 1974. The park is also maintained by the Geological Survey of  India. The Geological Survey of India identifies the fossils as vertebrates that lived in the area about 2.5 million years ago. Scientists believe that the Shivalik Hills, which formed about twenty-five million years ago, show the evolution of mankind. The mammalian fossils found in the Shiwaliks of this park are one of the world's richest antiquities. Features. The fiberglass models on display in an open area, outside the museum are of six extinct animals. They are: Huge land tortoise, gharial, four–horned giraffe, sabre-toothed cat, large tusked elephant, and hippopotamus. The Saketi Park has a unique feature , in a miniature form, of the prehistoric biological record of the Upper Siwalik rocks, similar to those found in the Patwar Plateau and adjacent hills, also in Mangla dam areas in the region. Models. A model depicts a sabre-tooth cat with very long upper canine teeth to tear its prey. This animal became extinct about a million years ago, at the same time that many species of elephants became extinct. The hippopotamus model, life-size and similar to its modern counterpart, has six incisors with a comparatively larger mouth, but with a small brain cavity, longer lower jaw, and  legs like a pig. This species, which existed in large numbers about 2.5 million years ago, is now extinct. The model of the giant land tortoise, representing a species found in the Shivalik region, is the largest of all tortoises, but its modern counterpart is much smaller. Other models depict giant elephants that roamed the area 7 to 1.5 million years ago. Compared to modern elephants, they had a smaller cranium, unusually long tusks, and huge limbs. 15 of these species vanished about 1.5 million years ago. A model of a four-horned giraffe depicts an ancestor of the modern  species that lived in the region 7 to 1.5 million years ago. It has an unusually large skull, but comparatively short neck. The models were initially within the park. However a fire in the jungle damaged a few of the models, and now the remaining ones are just outside the museum. Museum Museum exhibits contain skeletal remains of different groups of skulls and limbs of mammals, skulls of Hexaprotodon, tortoises, gharials and crocodiles, tusks of 22 species of elephants, rocks and charts and paintings related to the several aspects of plant and animal life of the past and present. The  stone items on display belong to the Early Palaeolithic Man. Also preserved in the museum are fossils of two genera of extinct primates, "Sivapithecus" and "Ramapithecus". The museum also houses antiquities unearthed by Captain Cautley in the area, from which he dug out the remains of Asia's oldest human ancestor. Exhibits also include an Indian postage stamp with images of two elephants and tusks, issued in 1951 on the occasion of the centenary of the Geological Survey of India.