Administrative resource
Administrative resource is the ability of political candidates (and parties) to use their official positions or connections to government institutions to influence the outcome of elections. The term is widely used in Russia and other former USSR countries, because the practice is widespread, is well known and is openly discussed by public and media. In these countries, the administrative resource is one of the major factors in most elections. Although similar practices of corruption are conducted throughout the world in countries with fragile democracies, the term administrative resource is ascribed almost exclusively to Russia. Moreover, the utilization of  administrative resources is generally not considered to be a democratic form of electioneering but in fact as a tool used to undermine democracy. The administrative resource is only one part that determines the election outcome. Two other major factors are the ideology (candidate's agenda) and the use of political technologies (PR, campaign organisation, etc.). Among many different ways the administrative resource can be applied are: