Battle of Cape Spada
The Battle of Cape Spada was a naval battle during the Battle of the Mediterranean in Second World War. It took place on 19 July 1940 in the Mediterranean Sea off Cape Spada, the north-western extremity of Crete. Prelude. The battle occurred when an Allied squadron patrolling the Aegean encountered two Italian cruisers transferring from Tripoli to Leros, at that time an Italian colony in the Dodecanese Islands. The Allied squadron was commanded by the Australian Captain John Collins aboard the light cruiser and included the British H-class destroyers , , , and the similar . The Italian  2nd Cruiser Division was commanded by Vice Admiral Ferdinando Casardi and consisted of the high-speed light cruisers and . Battle. When the Italians encountered the Allied destroyers at about 07:30, "Sydney" and "Havock" were to the north on a sweep for submarines. The other destroyers led the Italian cruisers on a chase northwards to give "Sydney" time to come to the rescue. "Sydney" sighted the Italians at 08:26, opening fire at 08:29, and the Italian cruisers turned away to the southwest. In the running battle which followed, "Bartolomeo Colleoni" was hard hit by Sydney and after a shell tore through  her unarmored hull, the boilers and guns were disabled at 09:23, leaving her dead in the water. She fought on, but was unable to manoeuvre or use her main battery; despite the fire from her guns, she was sunk by three torpedoes launched from "Ilex" and "Hyperion" at 09:59. "Sydney" continued to fire against "Bande Nere". She was hit in the funnel by a single Italian shell, but managed to hit "Bande Nere" at least twice, killing eight in the bow and the hangar. Later, "Sydney" disengaged because she was short of ammunition and "Giovanni delle Bande Nere" returned to  Benghazi, shadowed by the battleship HMS "Warspite" and a screen of destroyers. 555 survivors of "Bartolomeo Colleoni" were rescued; 121 died. Despite their speed advantage, the Italian cruisers failed to outrun HMAS "Sydney" because they had to steer south-southwest, instead of the most obvious route of escape to the south, in order to avoid being trapped between the enemy and the shores of Crete. This gave the Australian cruiser the chance to close the range, as she did. The light armour of "Colleoni" and "Bande Nere" was unable to withstand "Sydney"s rounds. The lack of aerial reconnaissance was another  factor contributing to the successful Allied chase. Aftermath. The British destroyers were bombed by Italian aircraft in the aftermath, resulting in damage to HMS "Havock", whose no. 2 boiler was flooded. A floatplane from "Warspite", which was searching for "Bande Nere", ditched in the sea and was lost near Tobruk. The crew was captured by the Italians. Allied convoy AN.2 was ordered to sail back to Port Said and remain there until it was eventually known that "Bande Nere" had reached Benghazi.