Kōban
A is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. The term also refers to the smallest organizational unit in a modern Japanese Prefectural police department. Small kōban buildings, staffed by uniformed officers at around 6,000 locations all over the country, are the bases for community policing activities which complement the work of larger, central police stations. Since the 1990s, many of them have been equipped with signs reading KOBAN in Latin script. Overview. A kōban is typically a one- or two-story building with a couple of rooms (although there is wide variation), staffed by one to ten  (or more) police officers. The officers assigned to kōban belong to of . They are able to keep a general watch, respond to emergencies, give directions, and otherwise interact with citizens on a more intimate basis than would be the case if they were operating from a more distant station. Although often translated into English as "police box", "kōban" bear little resemblance to the police boxes formerly found in the UK or the police call boxes formerly found in the US. History. The name "kōban" derives from the name of the earliest structure built in 1874, which were indeed simple boxes  meant for , thus creating a compound word consisting of and . Soon after, in 1881, kōban were transformed into local community stations with as many as six officers and a new official name was given to it — although its common name, "kōban" survived. "Kōban" was further systematized and spread out nationwide, playing an important role in the Japanese police system over decades. In 1994, the official name "hashutsujo" was changed back to "kōban". One of the issues recognized in the last several years as most significant around the "kōban" system was the existence of . According to the National Police Agency (NPA ), this issue was addressed and solved by 2007. In 2017, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department has been posting officers in "kōbans" who speak more than one language to help tourists and foreign expats, using the Kabukicho Kōban in Shinjuku and the Shibuya Ekimae Kōban. In 2019, the NPA has ordered a risk assessment ever since a series of attacks on officers manning the "kōbans", who were wounded or killed just to steal their issued items, usually their sidearms. This was in the wake of an attack on a lone officer stationed inside a "kōban" on June 16, 2019 in Suita  (the stolen sidearm was recovered after an arrest in a manhunt). An initial suggestion was to prioritize the issue of special holsters that can easily protect an officer's sidearm from being easily taken. Other countries. Small police stations similar to the Japanese "kōban" could most prominently also be found in Singapore, which are known as neighbourhood police centres (NPCs). Additionally, the "kōban" system has become popular with international police training and assistance programs, particularly those of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA has invested money in establishing "kōban"-style community policing programs in several countries, including Indonesia, Brazil, and  Honduras. In 2016, a "kōban" was built by the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) at The Grove Mall in Los Angeles, California, USA; the LAPD also operates a "kōban" in the Little Tokyo neighborhood. Services provided. Police officers stationed at "kōban" serve several roles: