Anti-Princess Series and Anti-Hero Series
The Anti-Princess Series () and Anti-Hero Series () are Argentine biography picture books written by Nadia Fink and illustrated by Pitu Saá. First published in 2015, the series cover the lives of South and Central American artists and leaders like Frida Kahlo, Violeta Parra, and Julio Cortázar. Fink sought to create works for children that addressed and subverted gender stereotypes, in opposition to narratives presented in traditional fairytales. The works are published in Spanish by Chirimbote, an independent publisher founded by Fink, Saá, and Martín Azcurra. Books in the series have received positive  reception for their depictions of their historical subjects, their artwork, and their efforts to weaken established gender roles. Some volumes have been translated into other languages, including Portuguese and English, and Fink and Saá have developed a third companion series, the League of Anti-Princesses (), which features historical figures using time travel to help one another. As of 2020, 11 "Anti-Princess", six "Anti-Hero", and four "League" books have been released. Format and content. Works in the series are picture book biographies of South and Central American artists and leaders. The series specifically seek to recount stories of figures  who changed aspects of society but not through force or domination. Books in the series tend to run about 26 pages in length and provide "hyperlink-style" definitions (a feature devised by book designer Martín Azcurra) of challenging terms from the text such as "dictatorship", "surrealism", "tyranny", and "revolution". Each work concludes with a brief collection of activities and games encouraging readers to respond to and create art inspired by the book's subject. An anthropomorphized animal or item from the life of the central figure of each work accompanies them and asks questions to tie different elements of the  biographies together. Visually, the books combine illustrations by Pitu Saá with reproductions of photographs and, when applicable, visual works of art by the books' subjects. Not all visual artworks are direct reproductions; some are recreated by Saá in a style congruent with that of his other illustrations in the books. Several crossover works have been published; the "League of Anti-Princesses" follows characters from previous "Anti-Princess" books using a time travel potion to explore history together. Writing. Nadia Fink was compelled to begin writing the "Anti-Princess Series" to counter what she perceived as the unfair representation of women  in works for children. Fink described visiting newsstands and seeing alternative literature for teenagers and adults, but little geared at children. Following a period of research, Fink began writing the first two volumes, that concerned Frida Kahlo and Violeta Parra, respectively. Fink's interest was specifically in figures who "dared to break with the molds of their own social context". She desired to create works in direct opposition to Disney Princesses and Barbie dolls, popular characters which young girls commonly aspire to. To Fink, traditional princess narratives "convey that stillness preserves you from difficult situations", so she sought to craft  works which subverted the damsel-in-distress narrative and privileged the works of the subjects featured over their romantic lives. The books respond to common tropes in princess stories/fairytales; for instance, the Violeta Parra edition explains that when Parra lacked the fashionable clothes required to perform, no fairy godmother appeared to come to her aid, and instead, her mother sewed her a skirt from a curtain. Fink described a desire not to "underestimate children" with the series. While the works intentionally mention certain mature elements of their subjects' lives (such as that Kahlo had relationships with men and women  besides her husband or that Parra's first husband abandoned her when she would not acquiesce to his desire that she become a housewife), they do not mention other notable elements of their subjects' lives, such as Parra's suicide. Fink sought to cover the lives of those she included in the series in a way that reflected the difficulties they faced during their lifetimes. However, upon the publication of the first book in the series in 2015, she deemed the lives of certain figures she was considering for the collection, such as poets Alejandra Pizarnik and Alfonsina Storni, to  be "too tragic" for their own books. (She later released a volume about Storni nonetheless.) The "Anti-Hero Series", which Fink clarified is not about antiheroes but instead "anti-superheroes", began with a book about Argentine novelist Julio Cortázar. When asked why she chose not to opt for an "Anti-Prince" series for concordance with the "Anti-Princess Series", Fink stated that she felt that princes did not occupy children's imagination like princesses, whereas "superheroes are places where the masculine stereotype can develop, the one with the strength, the superpower, which is mocked and ignored until everyone discovers that  he is a genius who can save the world. These men, anti-heroes, have superpowers, but in Cortazar's case it is the superpower of the word put into play". Rosangela Fernandes Eleutério, a researcher in Brazil, said that the "Anti-Hero Series" covering men who were sensitive and sweet served to productively undermine traditional stereotypes of masculine emotionlessness. Publication. The series is published in Spanish by independent Buenos Aires-based children's publisher Chirimbote, which was founded by Fink, Saá, and Azcurra. Early works in the series were published in collaboration with "Sudestada", a magazine for which Fink wrote , although by mid-2016, Chirimbote had become the sole publisher. The first book, "Frida Kahlo for Girls and Boys" (), was released in Argentina in June 2015. The books are suggested for children aged six to 12. By 2017, the series began receiving Portuguese translations and distribution in Brazil by publisher Sur and English translations by Barbara Megen Alvarado and Jesús Alvarado with publication by Books del Sur in the United States. Chirimbote has also released Spanish-language audiobooks of some of the titles, narrated by Mora Seoane. Reception. The "Anti-Princess" and "Anti-Hero Series" have received praise for their depictions  of their historical subjects, their efforts to weaken established gender roles, and their illustrations. Researchers Juliana Petermann and Desireè Ribas Fumagalli wrote favorably of the series' choice to subvert traditional fairytale structure by featuring real historical figures, especially those "who could have led a princess life" but opted not to. In another article, researchers María Morales and Giulietta Piantoni praised Fink's handling of her subjects' flaws and wrote that portraying them as real people made them relatable to readers. Their otherwise positive review said that the books choosing to overlook some negative elements of their subjects' lives (like suicide ) while showing others was antithetical to the collections' goal of treating their young readers as mature and capable of handling difficult topics. A "School Library Journal" review described Saá's artwork as featuring "vibrant, bold colors outlined in black" which was "often graphic novel-like" and which "enhances the view of the subjects as strong heroines." Eleutério wrote that Saá's illustrations were captivating and found the works over "playful, easy to read", and delightful to both children and adults. Works. All works are written by Nadia Fink and illustrated by Pitu Saá and originally published in Spanish. Anti-Princess