James Benford (physicist)
James Nelson Benford is an American physicist, High-Power Microwave (HPM) scientist, book author, science-fiction writer, and entrepreneur, best known for introducing novel technological concepts and conjectures related to the exploration of outer space, among these the design of laser-driven sailships, the possible use of co-orbital objects (moon, asteroids) by alien probes to spy on earth, and the appraisal of technical and safety issues associated with the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). He was born in Mobile, Alabama in 1941. Education. Benford graduated with a BS in physics from the University of Oklahoma in  1963. He further obtained MS (1966), and Ph.D. (1969) degrees from the University of California at San Diego. He received scholarships from the OU Club of Dallas for undergraduate studies, and the Aerojet General Corporation for graduate studies. Career. While still a graduate student, Benford published his first research papers in the field of plasma physics. From 1969 to 1996 he worked in the "Physics International" (PI)"," (San Leandro, CA), initially as a research physicist, then advancing to executive positions, and founding its HPMi division in 1989, whose accomplishments included developing advanced HPM sources, building a large HPM experimental facility , beginning its HPM product line, and implementing program "ORION", an important HPM system built to a design specification which arose within the UK. At PI Benford published research papers on particle beams, fusion, pulsed power and HPM, relativistic magnetron and virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) technology. In 1996 he founded Microwave Sciences, Inc., (MS, Lafayette, California), where he remains as its president. At MS, his research interests have dealt with HPM systems design, HPM effects testing, and power beaming for space propulsion. Benford is a leader and consultant at Breakthrough Starshot, a research and engineering project aiming to send probes to  the nearby stars within the long term. He was a contributor to the Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, in the subject of "Intense Particle Beams." He has taught HPM courses worldwide. Videos covering Benford's work can be readily found on the internet. Membership. He is a member of the American Physical Society. At IEEE he has been a member since 1970, and a Fellow since 1996. He is also an "EMP Fellow" of the Summa Foundation, University of New Mexico since 1998. Editorial. With his twin brother Gregory Benford, he was a co-editor of "Void", a science fiction fanzine  published in the from 1955 to 1969. He was Guest Editor of the Special Issue on High Power Microwave Generation, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Sciences (vol 20, 1992), and an article reviewer for a number of scientific journals including Physical Review Letters, IEEE Transactions in Plasma Sciences, Journal of Applied Physics, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society and Applied Physics Letters. Works. Research papers. Benford has published over one hundred research papers in peer-reviewed sources. His most cited research papers are: Science fiction. His most recent science fiction writings are: Patents and inventions. Benford has been awarded US invention  patents for: "Particle beam injection system"(1974), and "Systems and methods for generating high power, wideband microwave radiation using variable capacitance voltage multiplication" (2007). He also invented a number of HPM devices including a Side-Extracted Vircator, a Cavity Vircator. and a High Power Vacuum Horn antenna.