Kulasekharapatnam
Kulasekharapatnam is a town in the Thoothukudi district (formerly Tuticorin district) of Tamil Nadu, India. Kulasekharapatnam was an ancient port dating to the 1st centuries AD and was contemporaneous to the existence of Kollam, Cheran, and Pandyan port. Kollam served the Pandyas on the west coast while Kulasekharapatnam served them on the east coast connecting them to Ceylon and the pearl fisheries in the Gulf of Mannar facing the Tirunelveli Coast. The other ports on the Coromandel Coast were Kaveripumpattinam (Poompuhar) and Arikamedu (near Pondicherry). On the west coast, the ancient ports were Kodungallur and Barugachha (Broach) in Gujarat . Kulasekharapatnam lost its significance once Tuticorin became a big port. Kulasekharapatnam the name is derived from pandyan ruler Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I. Kulasekharapatnam is referred to in Marco Polo's travel diaries dating to 1250 AD. Kulasekharapatnam has Muslim settlements since ancient times. The famous Mutharamman Temple, which is 300 years old, is located in this place. Also, at the north of this village, an ancient marvelous Temple of Dharmasamvardhini is situated. A sugar factory was running very successfully till the end of the British rule. Since the British rule, Kulasekharapatnam has customs office. British Railway Line was established and  it was called Kulasekharapatnam Light Railway and the stations were Kulasekharapatnam Central, Kulasekharapatnam Port and KPM Sugar factory in 1933. ISRO has announced that a new space launch pad will be set up at Kulasekharapatnam Old Harbour mentioned by Marco Polo. Marco Polo describes the Pandyan port city of Kulasekharapatnam which even now we can see in the seashore of Kulasekharapatnam that Some Pillars which were used to give the right direction for ships as it is at this city that all the ships touch that come from the west, as from Hormos and from Kis and from Aden, and  all Arabia, laden with horses and with other things for sale. And this brings a great concourse of people from the country round about, and so there is great business done in this city. Rowther & Marakkars settlement. Now Kulasekarapatnam has Muslim Population as Marakkars or Marakkayars they were doing trade with Ships, they had come from Kerala, it is said Kunjali Marakkar's family members coming from kerala. In Kulsekarapatnam till 1965 the small ships "Dhoni" operated from there. If one town was a port, it must have had a Light House. Kulasekharapatnam even now has a light house in  near Manapad. In Kulasekharapatnam, During the reign of the Pandyas, the city was also known as the Rowther Palayam, a section of Muslim that has military cavalry, traditional people, and horse traders. Kulasekharapatnam was also an important trade centre even before the arrival of Islam. Since the 8th century AD, this city is inhabited by Hindus. Origin of Marakkars. Maraicar or Maraicayar, Marakayar, Maraicar is a distinctive Tamil and Malayalam-speaking Muslim people of the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India. The name Marakkar is different from Marakkayar (Marikkar & Maricar are other spellings used in history books). According  to many other historians, Moppila or Moplah is Maha Pillai (great son) and Marakkar means (Marakkalam is a wooden boat) ‘boatmen’. Thurston in his Tribes of South India, states the following - The word Marakkar is usually derived from the Tamil 'marakalam', a boat. Was it also a titular name for seaborne traders? KVK Iyer clarifies in his history of Kerala that Marakkar was a prized title given by the Zamorin of Calicut. Derived from Marakka Rayar, it signifies the captain of a ship Rayar (Captain) of Marakkalam (ship). Traditionally, the Maricars engaged in mercantile commerce. They can be found along  coastal areas of the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in India. The Maraicars can be found in coastal areas of South India, including Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Those who settled in coastal regions of India [Tamil Nadu and Kerala] are called , (from which means wooden boat and which means king in the Tamil language]) The captains of the ships are called malimars (malumiyar comes from the Tamil words which means captain, and , and the ship crew members are called . Even today, and are to be found living only on the coast of Tamil Nadu. can be found abundance in  Maraikayar Pattinam (which is thought to be the ancestral hometown of the early ), Parangipettai (Portonovo), Kulasekharapatnam, Karaikal, Kilakarai, Adirampattinam, Muthupet, Nagore, Nagapattinam, Manjakollai and various other coastal towns.