Against Democracy
Against Democracy is a 2016 book by American political philosopher Jason Brennan. The book challenges the belief that the simplified version of democracy used in the 21st century is good and moral. In his work, Brennan primarily suggests that voters tend to be irrational and ignorant about politics. He believes that there is little incentive for voters to inform themselves about politics, as they believe (correctly) that one vote will not make a great difference in the overall election results. Moreover, he states that voters tend to make decisions that are ideologically inclined and easily manipulated. Brennan presents  and discusses different alternatives of "the rule of the knowledgeable" (epistocracy), where only the most knowledgeable voters get to elect our leaders. Reception. Law professor Ilya Somin, reviewing the book for The Volokh Conspiracy in "The Washington Post", described it as an "important new book" whose "analysis of epistocratic alternatives to democracy is worth serious consideration – even if most of these ideas are nowhere near ready for large-scale implementation". "Kirkus Reviews" said that the book is "Sure to cause howls of disagreement, but in the current toxic partisan climate, Brennan's polemic is as worth weighing as any other ." "Los Angeles Times" reviewer Molly Sauter found the book's premises "solidly argued, even lively, but not particularly novel" and would have liked Brennan to give more attention to the underlying causes of the problems it describes. "New York Magazine"s Jesse Singal challenges Brennan's position, in particular the premise that a more qualified electorate would necessarily produce better decisions. Discussing "Against Democracy" in mid-2017 in the context of increasing numbers of works critical of democracy since mid-2016, "Current Affairs" editor Nathan J. Robinson said that Brennan's book made "the most spirited and comprehensive" such argument but faulted the  author for not addressing epistocracy's vulnerability to confirmation bias and its potential to help restore since-abolished hierarchies, naming Jim Crow laws as a specific example. Translations. The book has been translated into 10 languages. In 2020 the Ukrainian translation of "Against Democracy" by Jason Brennan was listed by "PEN Ukraine" among the best translations of "Humanitaristics" published in 2020. Also the translation was short-listed for "Ukraine's National Book of the Year ‘2020" Award.