Andrew David Irvine
Andrew David Irvine, FSCC (born July 14, 1958) is a Canadian academic who teaches at the University of British Columbia. He holds a PhD in philosophy from Sydney University and is a professor of philosophy and mathematics at UBC Okanagan. He is a past vice-chair of the UBC Board of Governors, a past head of the Department of Economics, Philosophy and Political Science, a past president of the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association, and a member of the board of directors of the Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship. An advocate of traditional democratic civil liberties , Irvine has written about the importance of the rule of law for both modern and ancient democracies. He has held visiting positions at several Canadian and American universities and has been recognized as one of British Columbia's most influential public intellectuals. Academic work. Often cited for his work on the twentieth-century philosopher Bertrand Russell, Irvine has argued in favour of physicalism and against several commonly held views in the history of modern philosophy, including the claim that Gottlob Frege succeeded in developing a workable theory of mathematical platonism and the claim that Bertrand Russell was an advocate of  epistemic logicism, a claim that one commentator has concluded is now "thoroughly debunked." He has defended a two-box solution to Newcomb's problem in which he abandons "the (false) assumption that past observed frequency is an infallible guide to probability" and a non-cognitivist solution to the liar paradox, noting that "formal criteria alone will inevitably prove insufficient" for determining whether individual sentence tokens have meaning. In modal logic (which studies theories of possibility and necessity), he has argued in favour of the non-normal system S7, rather than more traditional systems such as S4 or S5. Unlike other  systems, S7 allows logicians to choose between competing logics, each of which, if true, would be necessarily true, but none of which are necessarily the correct system of necessary truths. As Irvine puts it, "just as being "physically possible" means nothing more than being consistent with the laws of physics, being "logically possible" means nothing more than being consistent with the laws of logic. However, this leaves open the question of which logic and which consistency relation are to be adopted. S7 gives us the language to discuss the possible denial of necessary truths. S7 gives us the language to  assert not only that some propositions really are necessary; it gives us the language also to note that their denials, although impossible, remain possibly possible." In other words, there is a mechanism in which even sets of necessary truths can be compared to their alternatives. Political work. An advocate of traditional democratic civil liberties, Irvine has argued in favour of free speech rights, both for political reasons and in the context of defending academic freedom. Together with Stephen Wexler, he has argued that modern constitutional protections of the rule of law can trace their roots as far back as Socrates ' demand that even lawmakers must be bound by the law. It was this demand that led to Aristotle's distinction between "psephismata" (votes of the assembly) and "nomos" (statute law), and to the resulting debate over how best to decide questions of legal supremacy within a democracy. Together with Jason Gratl, he has argued that, in its modern form, the rule of law helps resolve tensions between national security and public accountability and, together with John Whyte, he has argued that care needs to be taken with regard to electoral reform, especially when it comes to implementing proposals focusing on  proportional representation. To help safeguard the legal system from abuse, Irvine has emphasized the importance of three key principles – the rule of law, the separation of powers and democratic accountability. He is often cited in the media on issues ranging from free speech and academic freedom to parliamentary procedure and judicial activism. Theatre work. In 2007 Irvine premiered "Socrates on Trial", a play depicting the life and death of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. The play tells the story of how Socrates was put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and for failing to honour the city's  gods. The play contains adaptations of several classic Greek works including the slapstick comedy "Clouds", written by Aristophanes and first performed in 423 BCE, and the dramatic monologue "Apology", written by Plato to record the defence speech Socrates gave at his trial in 399 BCE. The premiere was directed by Joan Bryans of Vital Spark Theatre Company at the Chan Centre for the Performing Arts in Vancouver. In the words of one reviewer, "The play is refreshingly illuminating on the relationship between Socrates' execution and the lasting influence of Aristophanes' negative depiction of him on the evolution of the Athenian  psyche." According to another, the play not only gives an entertaining portrayal of Plato's famous mentor, but also a fascinating introduction to the "pompous, arrogant and often petulant" individual presented by Aristophanes, giving modern audiences a greater understanding of why Socrates eventually ended up being sentenced to death. Bibliographical work. In 1999, Irvine produced scholarly bibliographies of both the primary and secondary literature surrounding the Nobel Laureate Bertrand Russell. Together with Dawn Ogden, he also produced the first bibliographical index for Russell's influential book, "A History of Western Philosophy." The index is based on the second British edition  (of 1979). A conversion table gives page references for both the first American edition (of 1945) and the first British edition (of 1946). Together with Edmond Rivère and Stephanie Tolman, Irvine is the author of the first comprehensive, scholarly bibliography of Canada's premier literary prize, the Governor General's Literary Awards. The original version of the bibliography covers the history of the awards from their inception in 1936 through to the end of 2013 and appeared in "Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada" in 2014. The bibliography was later expanded and published in book form with the University  of Ottawa Press. Literary references. In 1994, Irvine served as inspiration for the character Hardy Orbs in the dystopian novel, "Fair New World". The novel was written by Lou Marinoff under the pseudonym Lou Tafler. A twentieth-fifth anniversary re-issue in 2019 contained a foreword purportedly written by Orbs.