Nokusetjenziswa kwamandla ngendlela elungileko nakubotjhwa umuntu ngeenqhenyana zokubonisana neenqhenyana ezikhamba ngababili ngababili. Iindlelezi-ke kufuze bona zicatjangelwe nazo bona angekhe zasetjenziswa na, ngaphambi kobana ipholisa licabange ukubopha, ngombana isigaba 36 (e) somThethosisekelo sithi kufuze bona uqale iindlela ezinganamibandela eqine khulu ntanzi, ngaphambi kobana ungambopha umuntu, bona abe akghone ukuyokufika ekhotho. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukubopha umuntu kufuze bona kube ligadango lokugcina umuntu adanela kilo, sekubhale koke.
Indinyana 2.2 nendinyana 2.
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngomnqopho wokubopha umuntu nezinye iindlela zokwenza bona umsolwa ayokufika ekhotho. Khumbula godu nokuthi ukhona nomthetho ovumako bona umuntu angabotjhwa ngaphandle kwencwadi yokubopha, njengesigaba 40 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi.
Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze aziswe msinyana ngokungakghonalako ngamalungelo wakhe aqinisekiswe yi-sigaba 35 nesigaba 35 somThethosisekelo. Ipholisa kufuze lazise belihlathululele umuntu obotjhiweko ngawo woke amalungelo wakhe, belenze nesiqiniseko sokobana umuntu loyo uwazwisisa kuhle amalungelwakhe ahlathululelwa wona, ngokweSigaba 35 somThethosisekelo.
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngamalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko, acabange nangemisebenzi yawo esibopho, nangemisebenzi esibopho ekufuze yenziwe babantu ababotjhiweko.
Umuntu obotjhiweko uthoma ukuba namalungelo nakabotjhwako ngokwesigaba 35 , ne somThethosisekelo. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona nakube umuntu ukhetha ukwenzisa isitatimende, umuntu loyo kufuze bona ayeleliswe bona isitatimendeso sizakutlolwa phasi, ngalokho-ke singasetjenziswa njengobufakazi ekhotho.
Umuntu obotjhiweko unelungelo lokutjhatjhululwa ekubotjhweni nakube ukutjhatjhululwa kwakhe kuzakuba lisizo erhuluphelweni yomthethobulungiswa, ngokwemibandela ezwakalako (iSigaba 35 (f) somThethosisekelo).
Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona atjelwe msinyana ngelungelo lakhe lokubawa ibheyili (ISigaba 50 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi).
e. bona kghani ukuvulelwa kommangalelwa angeze kwenza umphakathi ulahlekelwe lithemba ehlelweni lomthetho olwa nobulelesi na; namkha f. bona kghani likhona na elinye iphuzu ekufuze litjhejwe, ngokubona kwekhotho.
Nakube elinye namkha amanye wamabanga avezwe ngehlapha akhona, ipholisa libophekile bona liyirarhe ibheyili. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona kufuze uphenye uphenyisise nakube ufuna ukuphikisa ibheyili.
Nakwenziwa isibawo sebheyili, ikhotho ingatshwilisa ukulalela isibaweso ngesikhathi esingabe sifike emalangeni alikhomba, ngokwesigaba 50 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi. ISigaba 351d somThethosisekelo siyadlula lapho, ngokuthi sibeke nokuthi akukaneli bona umuntu asiwe ekhotho kungakapheli ama-awa ama-48, kodwana kufuze nokobana ayiswe ekhotho msinyana ngokungakghonakalako.
Emlandwini ka-Prokureur-Generaal, Vrystaat no-Ramakhosi 1996 All SA 207 , kwabekwa phambi kwekhotho bona iGqwetha-Mazombe azange liveze ubufakazi bokuthi kwakungenzeka bona ummangalelwa afake umphakathi engozini namkha afake umuntu othileko engozini namkha akhisimeze iinrhuluphelo zomphakathi namkha enze umlandu wetjhejuli 1 nawayengakhe avulelwe ngebheyili (ikhasi 219 B-C). Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona aziswe msinyana bona unelungelo lokuthi umbuso umfunele igqwetha ngeendleko zawo (umbuso), nakube ukungafunelwa kwakhe igqwetha kuzakwenza bona akhisimezeke khulu ngokudimeka ithuba elifaneleko kezomthethobulungiswa (isigaba 35 (b) no (c)).
Khumbula: Boke abantu ababotjhiweko banjalo nje bababantu ababanjiweko ngakelinye ihlangothi, ngalokho-ke banamalungelo afanako nabantu ababanjiweko. Amalungelo la azakuhlathululwa esahlukweni esikhuluma ngabantu ababanjiweko (iSigaba 35 somThethosisekelo).
Malungana nesigaba 36 (a), kusetjenziswa umthethokambiso wokulinganisa. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukwephulwa / ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo womuntu, njengokuthi nje aqinteliswe amalungelwakhe wokuba nepilo yobuyena ngeqadi namkha aqinteliswe amalungelo wekululeko yokukhamba la athanda khona, kufuze bona kulinganiswe (kuthonyaniswe) nobunjalo bomlandu awenzileko, kulinganiswe godu nanobumbi bomlandu awenzileko. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukuqinteliswa kwelungelo lomuntu langeqadi lokukhamba lapha afuna khona kufanele kukhambelane nobungako bomlandu.
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngendlela angaqintelisa ngayo amalungelo wabantu, nokuwenza acabange bona yini ekufuze akuqalelele nakaqintelisa amalungelo lawo.
lekululeko nelokuphepha komuntu, ekubalwa hlangana nawo nelungelo lokuphepha kiyo yoke imihlobo yenturhu yatjhatjhalazi nangeqadi, nelungelo lokungatlhoriswa namkha lokungaphathwa ngesihluku nangelunya namkha ngendlela eyehlisa isithunzi somuntu; kunye nelungelo lokuziphilela ipilwakhe yobuyena ngeqadi, ekubalwa hlangana nalo nelungelo lokungaphumbuthwa emzimbeni asetjhwa, nelokungasetjhwa kwendawo ahlala kiyo, nelokungadliwa ipahla.
Ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kungephula namkha kuqintelise elinye lalamalungelo angehla, ubuncani bakhona, kanti-ke kuvamise bona abe manengi amalungelo ephulwako namkha aqinteliswako nakusetjenziswa amandla umuntu nakabotjhwako. Ngalokho-ke ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kufuze bona ngasosoke isikhathi kukhambisane nomthetho.
Ikhona-ke nemibandela yekambiso yamazwe ngamazwe ebekelwe ukusetjenziswa kwamandla neengidi.
UmThethokambiso weHlangano yeenTjhaba eziBumbeneko ngokuSetjenziswa kwaMandla neenGidi.
Iimolontjisi/Iinkhali Zokubetha ngokuvunyelwa kwazo mNyango bona zingasetjenziswa mapholisa abandulwe kuhle ukuzisebenzisa.
Amandla Abulalako/Iingidi namkha amaqhinga wokuzisindisa/wokuziphephisa angahle enze bona kufe umuntu namkha umuntu alimale kumbi.
Ipholisa nalibopha umuntu kungenzeka bona kufuneke lizivikele. Khumbula-ke bona nanyana kunjalo kodwana kufuze usebenzise amandla amancazana nje kwaphela ukuzivikela, uziphephise, uphephise nabantu abanganamlandu ababukeleko.
UmThethomgomo solo usasebenza, begodu uhlonyelelwe esiHlomelelweni A.
UmThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi nomThetho wakwa-SAPS usisiza ukuzwa kuhle bona amapholisa angawaqintelisa njani amalungelo wekululeko nawokuphepha komunye umuntu. ImiThetho le-ke ngiyo ekutjelako bona ungasebenzisa mhlobo bani wamandla ekubopheni umuntu.
nalenza umsebenzalo ngokusemthethweni; begodu nepholiselo livunyelwe mthetho ukusebenzisa amandla.
Ipholisa lingasebenzisa amandla amancazana alungele ukusetjenziswa kilobo ubujamo bezinto.
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza abafundi bacabange ngokusetjenziswa kweengidi nakubotjhwa umuntu, kunye nokubonisana ngomthethokambiso wamandla alingeneko.
Bonisana nabo, ngakho koke ebekukhulunywa ngakho kilesisifundo.
INcwajana yokuSebenzela yamaLungelo wobuNtu nezobuPholisa, ikhasi 32.
Njengokomthetho ovamileko, umuntu kufuze asetjhwe kwaphela nakunencwadi elayela bona akasetjhwe (sigaba 21 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi), ngaphandle-ke kobana kube nomthetho othileko onikela amandla wokuthi kungasetjhwa ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha. Ngaphandle kweengatjana 22, 23 ne-24 zomThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, ikhona neminye imiThetho yePalamende eembadlwana nayo enikela amandla wokusetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha.
Ngokwesigaba 23 (a) somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, ipholisa lingasetjha umuntu elimbophileko libe lithathe nanyana ngiyiphi ipahla kileyo ekukhulunywa ngayo kusigaba 20 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi etholakele iphethwe msolwa obotjhiweko, namkha etholakele ngaphasi kwelawulo lakhe umsolwa obotjhiweko.
Kufuze kuvezwe bona nanyana isigaba 23 (a) somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi singakuvumeli tjhatjhalazi ukusetjenziswa kwamandla nakusetjhwako, kodwana nasifundwa nesigaba 27 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, kufuze bona sihlathululwe bona sitjho khona ukusetjenziswa kwamandla, nakube ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kulingene ubujamo bezinto balapho kusetjhwa khona, begodu nakube nangambala kuyafuneka asetjenziswe amandla lapho.
Ukusetjhwa kwabantu okuvunyelwe ziingaba 21 no-22 zomThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, kufuze bona kukhanjiswe ngendlela efana patsi nesetjho ngokwesigaba 23 (a) somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi.
Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona atjelwe amalungelwakhe msinyana ngokungakghonakalako.
Kunephowusta etholakalako ngamalungelo wabantu ababotjhiweko. Iphowusta le kufuze bona iplagwe ebodeni ngaphambi kobana kuthome isifundo sokubopha umuntu.
d. ilungelo lokungatlhoriswa nanyana ngayiphi indlela; kunye e. nelungelo lokungaphathwa ngelunya namkha lokungahlawuliswa namkha usoziswe ngesihluku nangelunya, nangendlela eyehlisa isithunzi somuntu.
Bamba ikulumo yokubonisana ngakho koke okumalungana namazinga ahlukahlukeneko wamandla angasetjenziswa nakubotjhwa umuntu, ukusukela ekusetjenzisweni kwamandla amancancazana angasetjenziswa.
amalungelo womuntu ekubanjwa ipahlakhe kobanyana kuyokuphenywa ngayo, ngokomThethosisekelo; kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo la ngendlela efanelekileko, ngokusebenzisa umthethokambiso nemihlahlandlela ekutjengiswana ngayo esifundweni sokulingisa, ngokweRhelo lamaLungelo wobuNtu (i-Bill of Rights); kunye nemiphumela yokusetjha okungavunyelwa mThethosisekelo namkha okuphambana nemibandela yomThethosisekelo.
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza abafundi bacabange ngokuthi ukusetjha umuntu nokubamba ipahla kungaba namphumela muni phezu kwamalungelo womuntu.
Bawa abafundi bona babonisane ngalokhu okulandelako ngeenqhenyanaqhenyana.
Soke isikhathi kufuze bona woke umuntu umphathe ngehlonipho, uhloniphe isithunzi sakhe, umphathe nangendlela ekungalindeleka bona amanye amapholisa aphathe ngayo umuntu. Akakufaneli bona kube nomuntu ombandlululako. Khumbula, umuntu kuthathwa bona umsulwa, ikhotho ibe iveze ubufakazi bokuthi unomlandu, nangabe unawo.
Malungana nesigaba 36 (a) ukuya ku (e), kusetjenziswa umthethokambiso wokulinganisa. ISigaba 21 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu wobuLelesi sinendlela esivikela ngayo, ngokufuna bona nanyana yini ebanjwako ibanjwe ngencwadi yokusetjha .
kunezinto ezithileko ezibalwako emlandwini esele wenziwe namkha loyo osarerwako namkha ezingaba bufakazi ekwenziweni komlandu loyo; isigaba 20 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi; begodu izintwezo ziphethwe mumuntu othileko namkha zisendaweni ethileko.
Bonisanani ngokuthi yini okuzakuba sencwadini yokusetjha.
Elinye ikhandelo kukobana isigaba 35 somThethosisekelo sithi ubufakazi obutholwe ngokwephula ilungelo elisemthethwenisisekelo kufuze bona bubekelwe ngeqadi bungafakwa ekugwetjweni komlandu, nakube ukuvunywa kobufakazobo kuzakwenza ukugwetjwa komlandu loyo kungakhambi ngendlela elungileko namkha nakube kuzakukhisimeza ikambiso yomthethobulungiswa.
Fundela abafundi isibonelwesi.
Emlandwini waka-S noMayekiso en Andere 1996 All SA 121 (C), ipholisa elaliphenya langena endaweni yommangalelwa wokuthoma ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha labamba ipahla ethileko lapho, ekubalwa hlangana nayo neyayingesikhwameni sommangalelwa wesithathu.
Emlandwini waka-S noMotloutsi 1996 SACR 78 (C), ikhotho yaqunta bona nakube kunesiphathimandla esithunywako, ukutlhogakala kwakamarhistradi ukunikela incwadi yokusetjha angeze kwamukeleke njengebanga lokungakayitholi incwadi yokusetjha.
Isigaba 22 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi: Ubujamo La Ipahla Ingabanjwa Khona Ngaphandle Kwencwadi Yokuksetjha.
Ipholisa lingasetjha nanyana ngubani, lisetjhe nanyana kukuphi, ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha, ukube linqophe ukubamba nanyana ngimuphi umhlobo wepahla ekukhulunywa ngayo kusigaba 20.
a. nakube umuntu ekufuze asetjhwe namkha ekufuze kusetjhwe indawakhe uyavuma bona kusetjhwe, avume nokuthi ibanjwe ipahla efunekako leyo, namkha nakube umuntu ongavuma bona kusetjhwe indawo uyavuma bona nangambala akusetjhwe, avume nokuthi ingabanjwa ipahla efunekako lapho; namkha b.
Ukuriyada kokutholakala kwencwadi yokusetjha leyo kungafadalalisa umnqopho wesetjhwelo.
c. ipahlabo ingathunjwa; begodu d. ilungelo labo lokuthintana nokukhulumisana nabakhulumisana nabo ngeqadi lingaphulwa.
Bonisanani ngalokho ekufuze kube sencwadini yokusetjha.
umthethokambiso wokulungileko nokulingana (igadango lokuphathwa kuhle ngomthethobulungiswa); kunye nendima yePhiko lamaPholisa eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisa (i-ICD) ekuqinisekiseni ukuziphatha kuhle kwamapholisa ngokukhambisana nomThethosisekelo.
Bawa abafundi bona bafunde isigaba 7 somThethosisekelo, iNcwajana yokuSebenzela ikhasi 5 bese babonisane ngalokho okutjhiwo sigabesi.
Lingaqotjhwa khonokho ipholisa qala isigaba 361 somThetho wamaPholisa wakwa-SAPS: Nakube ligwetje ukuyokudosa ejele langavunyelwa ihlawulo.
livimbe ipholisa elilibona liphula amalungelo, lilitjele bona elikwenzako akukalungi; namkha / begodu libike isenzweso kukhomanda walo namkha kesinye isikhulu samapholisa; namkha / begodu libike isenzweso esikhulwini esiphethe iindaba zokukhalinywa kwamapholisa; namkha / begodu libikele iPhiko eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisaa (i-ICD); namkha / begodu libikele iKomitjhini yamaLungelo wobuNtu, namkha / begodu libikele umVikeli womPhakathi ngesenzweso.
ngokufakazela ukuthembeka kwamapholisa emizameni yawo yokulinga ukutjhugulula umsebenzi wamapholisa ngendlela yokuthi umphakathi uzowahlonipha amapholisa, uhloniphe nomsebenzawo; begodu nangokulekelela ekuletheni amatjhuguluko kwa-SAPS ngendlela yokuthi i-SAPS izokuba liphiko elifanele ukuhlonitjhwa mphakathi, befuthi nangambala eliyitholako ihlonipho leyo emphakathini, ekukhandeleni nekulweni nobulelesi.
ngokusebenza ngeenlilo ezenziwe ngamapholisa ngendlela elungileko neqalelela amahlangothi woke ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu mapholisa, nokubonisana ngemiphumela yokuphulwa kwamalungelo lawo.
Hlukanisa abafundi ngeenqhema ezingadluliko ebantwini aba-5.
Nakuphenywa ngokwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu, iphenyo kufuze lenziwe msinyana, lenziwe kuhle, lenzisiswe, begodu lenziwe ngaphandle kokukhetha. Lokhu-ke kusisekelo sesenzo sezokuphatha esilungileko.
Isenzo sezokuphatha esilungileko iTjhejuli 6, I-Ayithemu 232b yomThethosisekelo.
d. lokuthola isenzo sezokuphatha esifaneleko nasiqala ibanga elinikelwe ngesenzweso lapho elinye lamalungelwakhe lithinteka namkha lisengozini khona.
ngokuthembeka; kunye nangaphandle kokukhetha nokutjhigamela ngancanye.
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngendima ye-ICD ekuqinisekiseni bona amapholisa ayawaphumelelisa amalungelo wobuntu.
Qedelela ngezinto zoke, lokhuya nalokhuya.
Akhe utjho eminye imihlobo namkha ezinye iindlela zokwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu kwa-SAPS ozaziko.
IPhiko eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisa (i-ICD) yihlangano yomthetho elawulwa zizakhamuzi, eyasungulwa ngokweSigaba 222 somThethosisekelo wesiKhatjhana (umThetho wenomboro 2000 ka-1993) neSahluko 10 somThetho wamaPholisa weSewula Afrika (umThetho wenomboro 68 ka-1995).
Kuphuhlisa nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle emapholiseni.
Ngokuveza indlela evulela izakhamuzi ukuba nelizwi ekuqalaneni neenlilo.
Ngokuphambukisa iinsolo ezingekho/ezinganasisekelo ngamapholia.
Emalungana nokuziphatha kwamaPholisa okwalelwe miThetjhwana yebuPholiseni njengokuliselela umsebenzi nje, namkha ukubhalelwa kukhambisana neRhelo lokuziPhatha kwamaPholisa.
Incwajana Yelwazi: IPhiko eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisa i-ICD.