Ebonya Washington
Ebonya L. Washington is Samuel C. Park Jr. Professor of Economics at Yale University. She is also a National Bureau of Economic Research Faculty Research Fellow in the Programs on Political Economy and the Economics of Children. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 2021. Her research focuses on the political economy of low-income and minority constituents and the processes through which low-income Americans meet their financial needs. Several of her papers have been discussed in the popular press. She is associate editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics and the foreign  editor of the Review of Economic Studies. She was Elected to the American Academy of Arts & Sciences and as a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 2021. Education. Washington received her BA from Brown University in 1995 and her PhD in economics at MIT in 2003. Research highlights. Section::::"Why Did the Democrats Lose the South? Bringing New Data to an Old Debate" (with Ilyana Kuziemko). In this paper, Washington and Kuziemko use historical Gallup data on racial attitudes and political preferences to empirically examine why Southern whites left the Democratic party in the second half of the 20th century. This  notable political shift has been a central question in Political Economy and has conventionally lead to two competing explanations: (1) Civil Rights caused racially conservative whites to leave the party and (2) economic development in the South made Democratic redistributive policies unattractive. They find evidence that defection among racially conservative whites explains most of the decline in white Democratic identification among Southerners from 1958 to 1980, which lends credence to the Civil Rights attitudes over the economic development hypothesis. Economics Profession and Race/Ethnicity. Washington became the co-chair on the Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the  Economics Profession (CSMGEP) in 2018. The CSMGEP has a website which hosts minority job candidates in economics, publishes a yearly newsletter titled the Minority Report, and provides links and resources for making the economics profession more diverse. It also runs three programs to increase the representation of Blacks in the profession: a Summer Training Program, a Mentoring Program, and a Summer Economics Fellows Program. Yet, it was reported that in 2016 only 3% of PhD degrees in economics went to Blacks. Washington has written and lectured extensively about the difficulties for African Americans in the economics profession. In October 2020 , Washington and her co-chair Gary Hoover, pushed the American Economic Association to implement 5 new programs on diversity including an undergraduate essay prize in honor of Andrew Brimmer, a travel grant for underrepresented minorities, and a seed grant for economics departments to start programs aimed at diversity and inclusion.