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Packungsspezifizierung: 23 % Sebaconitril Issue 1, 2014 South African Journal of Cultural History - Volume 28,
Volume 29 (2015) Volume 28 (2014) Volume 27 (2013) Volume 26 (2012) Volume 25 (2011) Volume 24 (2010) Volume 23 (2009) Volume 22 (2008) Volume 21 (2007) Volume 20 (2006) Volume 19 (2005) Volume 18 (2004) Volume 17 (2003) Volume 16 (2002) Volume 15 (2001) Volume 14 (2000) Volume 13 (1999) Volume 12 (1998) Volume 11 (1997) Volume 10 (1996) Volume 8 (1994) Volume 7 (1993) Volume 6 (1992) Volume 5 (1991) Volume 4 (1990) Volume 3 ([1989, 1986]) Volume 2 ([1985, 1988]) Volume 1 ([1987, 1984]) Volume 3 ([1989, 1986]) Volume 2 ([1985, 1988]) Volume 1 ([1987, 1984]) Volume 28,
Volksmoeders, spinwiele en wol : &apos;n historiese verkenning van die aard van vrouearbeid in die Ossewa-Brandwag
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 1 –23 (2014)
Die Ossewa-Brandwag (hierna OB) was &apos;n Afrikanernasionalistiese organisasie, meegesleur deur die ideologiese Zeitgeist van die era tussen die twee Wêreldoorloë. Die OB se doel was om alle fasette van die Afrikaner se volkslewe te raak. Sodoende wou hy op &apos;n omvattende manier die republikeinse ideaal nastreef. Benewens die meer politieke en radikale doelwitte van die beweging, het die OB ook &apos;n kulturele en maatskaplike sy gehad waarby al die lede betrokke was - ook die vroue. Van die beweging se ontstaan af in 1939 het vroue &apos;n belangrike rol daarin gespeel. Met die herorganisasie van die OB in 1942 is die aktiwiteite van vroue op &apos;n sterker maatskaplike voet geplaas in die vorm van diens waarna die OB-leierskap verwys het as "volksorg".
Hierdie artikel fokus op hoe vroue in daardie beweging self die beleid van volksorg as vrouearbeid geïnterpreteer het, met spesifieke verwysing na die spinkursus van die Vrystaatse OB as voorbeeld van praktiese volksorg. Die doel van praktiese volksorg was om vroue "op hulle eie voete te laat staan" sonder om die ekonomiese genderorde - waarin mans die broodwinners was - te veel te versteur. Daarom beoog die outeur ook om beter begrip te skep vir vrouearbeid in die OB. Hierdie vorm van arbeid word kortliks beskou teen die agtergrond van die sogenaamde volksmoederkonstruk wat &apos;n wesenlike normatiewe rol in die beweging se genderorde gespeel het.
Volksmoeders, spinning wheels and wool : a historical study of the nature of women&apos;s labour in the Ossewa Brandwag
The Ossewa-Brandwag (henceforth OB) was an Afrikaner Nationalist organisation, spurred on by the tide of the ideological Zeitgeist of the era between the two World Wars. The OB&apos;s aim was to influence all aspects of the Afrikaner social life, in order to strive towards a comprehensive republican ideal. Besides the overt political and radical characteristics of the movement, the OB also had a cultural and social side in which all members took part, including the women. Since the inception of the OB in 1939, women played an important role in this movement. Following the reorganisation of the movement in 1942, the activities of women began to revolve around social care in the form of what the OB leaders termed "volksorg" (caring for the nation).
This article focuses on how women interpreted the policy of "volksorg" in terms of their labour input. Therefore the article examines in detail the spinning course organised by the OB women of the Free State as an example of "practical volksorg". The aim of practical volksorg was to empower women to "stand on their own feet" amidst a gender order in which men was accepted as the main bread winners - i.e., be independent in a way that did not disturb the gender order too much. In this sense, the author also seeks to gain a better understanding of women&apos;s labour within the OB set-up. This will be done by a brief analysis of the influence exerted by the so-called volksmoeder (mother of the nation) construct, which played a normative role in the gender order of the movement.
Kinders en hulle speelgoed : &apos;n histories-argeologiese studie van Welkomskraal, &apos;n pioniersplaas in die distrik Venterstad
Sudre Havenga and
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 24 –45 (2014)
Die plaas Welkomskraal in die distrik Venterstad, Noordoos-Kaap, is vir ongeveer 50 jaar tussen die 1880&apos;s en 1930&apos;s bewoon. Gedurende hierdie tydperk het die plaas &apos;n paar keer van eienaar verwissel en verskeie families met hulle kinders het daar gewoon. Die oorblyfsels van drie verskillende bewoningsareas word op die terrein aangetref. Tydens veldwerk is die oorblyfsels van speelgoed en beeldjies by twee van die bewonings-gebiede gevind. Hierdie speelgoed is kenmerkend van die laat 19de en vroeë 20ste eeu en gee dus &apos;n aanduiding van die tipe speelgoed wat op argeologiese terreine uit hierdie tydperk verwag kan word. Verskeie van die speelgoed-items is ook kenmerkend van die tweede industryële rewolusie (ca. 1870-1914), toe massavervaardiging van produkte die hoogte ingeskiet het. Dit het daartoe gelei dat goedkoop produkte wêreldwyd beskikbaar was, selfs vir diegene wat in afgeleë gebiede gewoon het, soos op Welkomskraal. Hulle kon ook nie juis duur items en luukshede bekostig nie. Die identifiseerbare speelgoed wat op die plaas aangetref is, is &apos;n aanduiding van die plaasbewoners se finansiële posisie. Kleialbasters, beskuitporseleinpoppe en die Frozen Charlotte is voorbeelde van speelgoed uit hierdie tydperk.
Children and their toys : an historical archaeological study of the farm Welkomskraal, a pioneer farm in the Venterstad district
The farm Welkomskraal was occupied for about 50 years from the 1880s to the 1930s. The farm had several owners during this period and various families and their children lived there. Welkomskraal contains the ruins of three separate homesteads. During field-work the remains of toys and figurines were found at two of the homesteads. These toys are indicative of the types of toys that one is likely to encounter at archaeological sites dating to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This include several items associated with the second industrial revolution (ca. 1870-1914) which exemplify a period of mass production and consumption, when cheap, affordable goods were available worldwide, even to people living in remote areas, such as the occupants of Welkomskraal. The inhabitants faced impoverished circumstances and could not afford expensive items or luxuries. The toys identified correspond with the economical circumstances of the inhabitants, meaning that, according to the archaeological record, they only bought cheap affordable toys. Toys such as clay marbles, bisque porcelain dolls and Frozen Charlottes are examples from this period.
Besinning oor die hidrosfeer van die Vaalrivier in die omgewing van die Vredefortkoepel, 1840-2012
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 46 –67 (2014)
In die 19de eeu is die suidelike deel van die suider-Afrikaanse subkontinent aan bevolkingsmobiliteit in die vorm van migrasies blootgestel. Die San het reeds in die pre-koloniale tydperk hier rondbeweeg en teen die 19de eeu was hulle teenwoordigheid opvallend in die vorm van wes-oostelike migrasie-tendense. Die mobiliteit van Bantoesprekende gemeenskappe van noord na suid (300 n.C.) het teen die 19de eeu &apos;n invloed op die Difaqane, &apos;n oos-westelike mobiliteit, en die "Groot Trek", &apos;n suid-noordelike beweging, gehad. Die Vaalrivierdriwwe in die Vredefortkoepel, &apos;n mikroterrein waar die natuur- en menslike kultuurgeskiedenis mekaar ontmoet, vorm deel van &apos;n netwerk kommunikasieroetes. Die mense het die natuur onderwerp en daaroor geheers met pogings om die rivier te tem en keerwalle, besproeiingskanale, watervore, windpompe en gronddamme is vir die opvang van watervoorraad en kragopwekking gebou. Die eerste fase van nedersetting is deur boerderybedrywighede gekenmerk. Later in die 19de eeu het &apos;n fase van landbou-mynbou gevolg. Goudmynbedrywighede het aanleiding tot die stigting van dorpies gegee. Daarna het ook diamantmynbou in die Vaalrivierbedding en op die eilande plaasgevind.
Droogtetoestande en vloedwaters het spore gelaat. Sedert die landboumynbou-industriële fase ná 1910 het mensgemaakte regulering van die Vaalrivier se watervlak die bou van die Barrage, Vaaldam en die Lesotho-Hoogland-Waterskema stroomop genoodsaak. Sedert 2008 verkeer die inwoners stroomaf grootliks in &apos;n oorlewingskrisis vanweë bo-stroomse rioolbesoedeling.
Observations on the hydrosphere of the Vaal River in the vicinity of the Vredefort Dome
In the 19th century Southern Africa experienced a phase of notable and increased population mobility in the form of migrations. The San had been present in the region since pre-colonial times. By the 19th century, their presence became especially noticeable in the form of the east-to-west migration trends. At the time, the mobility of Bantuspeaking communities from north to south, since 300 AD, culminated in the Difaqane, an east-west mobility, and the "Great Trek" a south-north movement. The Vaal River drifts in the Vredefort Dome, microscopic spaces in time where natural history and that of human culture meet, form part of a network of communication routes.
People attempted to "tame" the environment. They even tried to pacify the river by constructing weirs, a barrage, irrigation channels, waterways, windmills and clay dams for the purpose of storing water and generating energy. In this article attention is given to the agricultural phase of human development on the banks of the Vaal River in the Vredefort Dome starting in the 1840s. This was followed by an agriculture-mining phase. Local gold mining operations led to the founding of urban settlements, and subsequent diamond mining operations followed on the river bed and on some of the islands.Drought conditions and floods also left footprints. The agriculture-mining-industrial phase from 1910 onward increasingly resulted in the artificial regulation of the Vaal River&apos;s water level. Consequently, there were developments such as the construction and management of the Vaal River Barrage, the Vaal Dam and also the Lesotho Highlands Water Scheme upstream. In recent years, downstream residents on the banks of the Vaal River have been at loggerheads with water governance sectors. Their quality of life has been jeopardised as a result of the increasing sewage pollution upstream.
&apos;Thaba RAU, die bergspits-RAU is bereik&apos; : Dr P.J. Meyer se aandeel in die stigting van RAU, 1955-1968
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 68 –89 (2014)
An overview of noted gold and silversmiths in South Africa in the 1950s
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 90 –113 (2014)
This follow-up article concentrates on twentieth-century manufacturing gold and silversmiths who established their workshops from 1950 to 1959 in South Africa. A review was compiled, based on newspaper reports, journal and magazine articles, book publications, relevant e-mail exchanges and internet searches. Interviews were conducted with gold- and silversmiths or their descendants, along with other specialists such as gemmologists, die sinkers and engravers. Précis with pertinent information on the gold- and silversmiths and their outputs were then compiled.
&apos;n Oorsig van bekende goud- en silwersmede in Suid-Afrika in die 1950&apos;s
In hierdie opvolgartikel word &apos;n oorsig verskaf van &apos;n aantal goud- en silwersmede wat hulle werkwinkels tussen 1950 en 1959 in Suid-Afrika kom vestig het. &apos;n Oorsig is saamgestel, gebaseer op koerantberigte, joernaal- en tydskrifartikels, boekpublikasies, tersaaklike e-posse en internetsoektogte. Onderhoude is met goud- en silwersmede of hulle nasate gevoer, asook met spesialiste in die industrie, soos juweelkenners, stempelsnyers en graveerders. Opsommings met tersaaklike inligting oor die goud- en silwersmede en hulle uitsette is vervolgens saamgestel.
The trials by military court of Natal Afrikaners during the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 114 –130 (2014)
After the invasion of Natal by the Boer commandos, in October 1899, Martial Law was declared in the Colony. This gave the British Army the power to use extreme measures to maintain safety and security. During the Boer occupation of the northern parts of Natal, Martial Law was used to try Natal Afrikaner looters and collaborators. After the commandos were driven from Natal in July 1900 it became the legal responsibility of the Natal Government to deal with legal matters and maintaining order and to try suspected rebels by means of a Special Court. The British Army and Martial Law were relegated to the judicial background and were only used when dealing with the odd minor cases involving Natal Afrikaners. However, as criticism of this Special Court mounted, and the British Army proved an unreliable ally in securing evidence against suspected rebels, the Natal Government altered its position. The British Army was requested to try Natal rebels arrested outside of the Colony by means of Military Courts. The Military Courts proved effective in dealing with these rebels as the trials proceeded speedily and the sentences imposed were harsh. In so doing the Military Courts efficiently served the agenda of the Natal Government because they dealt with the Natal Afrikaner rebels outside of their judicial reach.
Die verhore van Natalse rebelle deur militêre howe tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog (1899-1902)
Nadat die Boeremagte Natal in Oktober 1899 ingeval het, is krygswet in die Kolonie afgekondig. Krygswet het die Britse Leër die mag gegee om buitengewone maatreëls te tref om wet en orde te handhaaf. Tydens die kommando&apos;s se besetting van die noordelike dele van Natal, is krygswet gebruik om Natalse Afrikaners te vonnis wat met die Boere geheul het, of hulle aan diefstal skuldig gemaak het. Nadat die kommando&apos;s in Julie 1900 uit Natal verdryf is, het die handhawing van wet en orde en die vervolging van Natalse rebelle by wyse van &apos;n Spesiale Hof, die verantwoordelikheid van die Natalse regering geword. Die Britse Leër en krygswet is op die agtergrond geskuif en het slegs met mindere sake gehandel waarby Natalse Afrikaners betrokke was. Soos kritiek op die Spesiale Hof toegeneem het en die Britse Leër hom as onbetroubaar bewys het in terme van die insameling van bewyse teen verdagte Natalse rebelle, het die Natalse regering sy posisie verander. Die Britse Leër is versoek om Natalse rebelle wat buite die kolonie gearresteer is, deur middel van Militêre Howe te verhoor. Die Militêre Howe het heel effektief met die rebelle gehandel, die hofverrigtinge is vinnig afgehandel en die strawwe was swaar. Sodoende het die Militêre Howe die agenda van die Natalse regering goed gedien deur die rebelle te vonnis wat buite hulle jurisdiksie geval het.
Serpa Pinto amongst Boer and Brit. His travels through the Transvaal and Natal, 1879, O.J.O. Ferreira : boekbespreking
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 131 –132 (2014)
Die meeste Suid-Afrikaners het al gehoor van Diaz en Da Gama en weet dat die van Ferreira van Portugese herkoms is. Ongelukkig stop die kennis van die belangrike rol wat Portugese in suidelike Afrika gespeel het, omtrent net mooi hier - behalwe miskien vae herinneringe van wintervakansies in die ou LM (Lourenco Marques) van koloniale tye.
Twee Kaapse lewens. Henricus en Aletta Beck en die samelewing van hul tyd, 1702-1755, Karel Schoeman : boekbespreking
South African Journal of Cultural History 28, pp 133 –138 (2014)
"Die verlede bly," volgens Schoeman, "vreemd en onverklaarbaar" en daar moet gewaak word om "moderne wanbegrippe en wensdenkery in verband met gracious living op die verlede te projekteer."
Soos die titel aandui, word nie net die Becks bespreek nie, maar ook Die samelewing van hul tyd. Die datums is bepaal deur die aankoms van Henricus Beck aan die Kaap in 1702 en sy dood in 1755. Die klem is dus op die Kaapse samelewing. Nederland se nedersettings in die Ooste, en spesifiek Batavia, waar die groepie Nederlandse koopmanne en amptenare, ten spyte van die VOC se ekonomiese invloed en militêre mag, onsekerder van hulle posisie was as diegene in die Kaap, kry ook welverdiende aandag.