Il castello di Kenilworth
' (or, under its original name in 1829, Elisabetta al castello di Kenilworth") is a "melodramma serio" or tragic opera in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Andrea Leone Tottola wrote the Italian libretto after Victor Hugo's play ' (1828) and Eugène Scribe's play "Leicester", both of which following from Sir Walter Scott's novel "Kenilworth" (1821). Daniel Auber composed another opera on the same subject, "Leicester, ou Le chateau de Kenilworth" in 1823. This opera was the first of Donizetti's excursions into the Tudor period of English history, and it was followed in 1830 by  Anna Bolena, (which was based on the life of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII), then by "Maria Stuarda" (named for Mary, Queen of Scots) which appeared in different forms in 1834 and 1835. All represented the interests (even obsessions) of many Italian composers of the era, Donizetti's included, in the character of Elizabeth I, whose life he was to explore further in 1837 in his opera "Roberto Devereux" (named for a putative lover of Elizabeth I.) The leading female characters of the operas "Anna Bolena", "Maria Stuarda", and "Roberto Devereux" are often referred to as  the "Three Donizetti Queens". As "Elisabetta al castello di Kenilworth" the opera received its first performance on 6 July 1829 at the Teatro di San Carlo, Naples, and in a revised version at the same house, as "Il castello di Kenilworth" on 24 June 1830. Synopsis. It is announced that Queen Elizabeth is to visit Kenilworth, the Earl of Leicester's castle. Leicester is a favourite of the Queen, but now has a new bride, Amelia Robsart, with whom he is in love. Fearing the Queen's displeasure, he asks his servant Lambourne to arrange for Amelia to be hidden  until Elizabeth departs. Amelia is taken to a small cell in the castle by Leicester's equerry, Warney. He then tries to seduce her and tells that she has been placed there because her husband no longer loves her. When Amelia rejects his advances, Warney vows revenge. Amelia manages to escape from the cell and in a secret garden of the castle encounters the Queen. She tearfully tells the Queen about her troubles with Leicester, whom she believes has betrayed her. The Queen goes to Leicester and Warney angrily demanding an explanation. Warney deceitfully tries to persuade the Queen that  Amelia is his wife. The Queen vows to resolve the mystery and briefly believes the lie. Leicester, however, reveals his marriage with Amelia to the Queen who becomes even more angry and dismisses him. Warney, still desiring revenge, attempts to take Amelia away with him from Kenilworth with a lie that it is Leicester's wish, but fails when she refuses to go. He then tries to poison Amelia, but is foiled by her faithful servant, Fanny. In the end, Elizabeth orders the arrest of Warney, pardons Leicester and Amelia, and approves their marriage to the jubilation of all. References . Notes Cited sources Other sources