Red line (Stockholm metro)
The Red line (; officially Metro 2, but called Tub 2 ("Tube 2") internally), is one of the three Stockholm metro lines. It has a total of 36 stations, of which four are cut and cover, 16 are tunneled, and 15 are on the surface. The line is a total of long. It consists of four branches with terminals in Fruängen and Norsborg in the southwest and Mörby center and Ropsten in the northeast. The "Red line" designation began in the late-1970s, and officially only since the 1990s, and comes from the fact that the route has  been marked in red on Storstockholms Lokaltrafik's maps at least since the 1970s. Previously, the Red line had been coloured orange on the system map, but as new maps were printed with changes, the colour became increasingly redder in the 1980s. History. The line was opened on 5 April 1964, between and and . Several more sections were opened between 1965–1967, while the last extension to was completed in 1978. Within Stockholm's inner city, the red line was built independently of the street network, and at a greater depth than the Green line, which was constructed mainly under roadways . The - section had its origins as the Södra Förstadsbanan tramway, dating from the 1910s. The somewhat newer - section was built primarily on its own right of way, as the area was not densely populated. However, there were level crossings and subsequent sections were built in tunnel before the start of the metro. Today not much is left of the original tram route. The – section (lines 14 and 17) was built in 1946–1956 as a pre-metro, with high-level centre subway platforms and shorter, low-level tram platforms at the sides. This section is the same today. For the extension  beyond , tunnels had already been built when the Green line was built there, mostly by the cut-and-cover method. T-Central station was opened in 1957 for the Green line, while the Red line platforms opened in 1964. The route between Fruängen and Mörby centrum and back was originally numbered line 24, but was renumbered 14 around 2001. The - section underwent major renovation during the summer of 2006. The service was temporarily replaced by a bus route. Other development plans. The 1965 Greater Stockholm Metro plan proposed to run the Red line further north, from to Hägernäs. Stations were  to be at Djursholms Ösby, Enebyberg, Roslags Näsby, Täby centrum, and Viggbyholm, terminating at Hägernäs. An additional station at Albano (between Östermalmstorg and Djursholms Ösby) was discussed. Another alternative was a completely new metro line, instead of using the previously-built existing railway tracks. A 1975 proposal would have extended the metro north replacing the Roslagsbanan, but discussions followed and in 1976 Stockholm County Council decided that the Roslagsbanan would remain; however, in 1978 the decision was rescinded. The following year the County Council decided that a surface rapid transit line should be extended to Täby centrum. Both Täby Municipality  and Vallentuna Municipality held referenda on 23 March 1980 to decide if a metro should be built, resulting in a "no" vote. The County Administrative Board rejected the results—as public transport was a county issue not a municipal decision—but the municipalities refused to create detailed plans for an extension. In October 1980 the county council decided to continue with plans for the metro, but ultimately chose instead to in investments to the Roslagsbanan.<ref name="bokref/Arne Dufwa/1985"></ref> For the other northern branch, which today ends in Ropsten, the proposal was to carry the metro on a separate rail -only bridge over Lilla Värtan and then in tunnel to a new station in Lidingö Centrum. Here the possibility for a further extension beyond Lidingö were also raised, with Baggeby, Bodal and Bogesundslandet as possible terminals. (At that time Bogesundslandet was intended to be developed with housing.) In 1966 the Lidingö City Council decided in principle to extend the metro to Lidingö, but the plans were shelved. The City Planning Office produced sketches of the metro bridge in connection with the design of the new Lidingö bridge in 1971. Plans for a metro bridge again became relevant after damage was  discovered in 2004 to the Old Lidingöbron, which will require its replacement. Nonertheless, the choice was made to invest in a new tram bridge, which will be cheaper and in general will provide similar travel times to Stockholm. It will also allow the Lidingö line to be extended to Spårväg City. In the south there were plans to extend the branch to Huddinge centrum, Huddinge Hospital and Flemingsberg. Land for the right-of-way was protected, but no work has ever been done. Route and stations. The Red line is served by two routes—lines 13 and 14—and carried  507,850 passengers per working day (2019), or approximately 128 million per year (2005). Line 13 runs between and , while line 14 operates -. Regular daytime service is a 5-minute headway on line 14 between Mörby center and , and 10 minutes at other times. During rush hours there is a 5-minute service between and Sätra-Ropsten and also along line 14, providing a train every 2.5 minutes on the joint stretch between and (i.e. 24 trains per hour). The longest tunnels are between and (), and Gamla stan to (, in common with the Green line). The ten busiest red line stations  (by number of boardings on a winter weekday in 2019) are: