King Kong (2005 film)
King Kong is a 2005 epic adventure monster film co-written, produced, and directed by Peter Jackson. It is the eighth entry in the King Kong franchise and the second remake of the 1933 film of the same title following the 1976 film. The film stars Andy Serkis, Naomi Watts, Jack Black, and Adrien Brody. Set in 1933, it follows the story of an ambitious filmmaker who coerces his cast and hired ship crew to travel to the mysterious Skull Island. There, they encounter prehistoric creatures living on the island as well as a legendary giant  gorilla known as Kong, whom they capture and take to New York City. Filming for "King Kong" took place in New Zealand from September 2004 to March 2005. The project's budget climbed from an initial $150 million to a then-record-breaking $207 million. It was released on December 14, 2005 in Germany and the United States, and made an opening of $50.1 million. While it performed somewhat lower than expected, "King Kong" made domestic and worldwide grosses that eventually added up to $562 million, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film in Universal Pictures history  at the time and the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2005. It also generated $100 million in DVD sales upon its home video release. "King Kong" garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, and appeared on several top ten lists for 2005. The film was praised for its special effects, performances, sense of spectacle and comparison to the 1933 original, though some criticisms were focused on its 3-hour long run time. It won three Academy Awards: Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects. A tie-in video game was released alongside the film, which also became  a commercial and critical success. Plot. In 1933, during the Great Depression, New York City actress Ann Darrow is hired by financially troubled filmmaker Carl Denham to star in a film with actor Bruce Baxter. Ann learns her favorite playwright, Jack Driscoll, is the screenwriter. Filming takes place on the SS "Venture", under Captain Englehorn, and under Carl's pretense it will be sailing to Singapore. In truth, Carl intends to sail to and film the mysterious Skull Island. Captain Englehorn has second thoughts about the voyage, prompted by his crew's speculation of trouble ahead. On the voyage, Ann  and Jack fall in love. The "Venture" receives a radio message informing Englehorn there is a warrant for Carl's arrest due to his defiance of the studio's orders to cease production, and instructing Englehorn to divert to Rangoon, but the ship becomes lost in fog and runs aground on Skull Island. Carl and his film crew, including cameraman Herb, assistant Preston, and boom operator Mike, explore the island and are attacked by natives who kill Mike and another crewman. Englehorn intervenes to rescue the film crew, but as they make efforts to leave the waters, a native sneaks  onto the ship and abducts Ann. The natives offer Ann as a sacrifice to King Kong, a ape. Jack notices Ann's disappearance, and the crew returns to the island, but are too late as Kong flees with Ann into the jungle. Carl manages to catch a glimpse of Kong and becomes determined to capture it on film. Though initially terrified of her captor, Ann wins the beast over with her juggling and dancing skills and begins to grasp the beast's intelligence and capacity for emotion. Englehorn organizes a rescue party, led by his first mate Hayes and Jack , and accompanied by Carl, Herb, Baxter and Preston. The party gets caught between a herd of Apatosaurus-like "Brontosaurus baxteri" and a pack of Utahraptor-like "Venatosaurus saevidicus" hunting them, with Herb and several other men killed in the resulting stampede. After this, Baxter leaves the group to return to the ship. The remaining party members continue through the jungle when the beast attacks, making them fall into a ravine resulting in Hayes' death and Carl losing his camera. The beast returns to Ann and saves her from three theropod dinosaurs, Tyrannosaurus rex-like "Vastatosaurus rex", before taking her to  its lair in the mountains. The remaining rescue party are attacked by giant insects and worms in the ravine resulting in the death of three more crew members, but Preston, Carl, Jack, and Hayes' apprentice Jimmy are rescued by Baxter and Englehorn. Jack continues searching for Ann, while Carl decides to capture the beast. Jack goes to the beast's lair and accidentally awakens the beast but manages to escape with Ann. They arrive at the wall with the beast pursuing them. The beast attempts to get Ann back, killing several sailors, but is subdued when Carl knocks it out  with chloroform. In New York City, Carl presents "Kong, the Eighth Wonder of the World" on Broadway, starring Baxter and an imprisoned Kong. Ann, who refused to take part in the performance, is played by an anonymous chorus girl. Agitated by the chorus girl not being Ann and flashes from cameras, the beast breaks free from the chains and wrecks the theater. Out on the city's streets, the beast searches for Ann and chases Jack, before encountering Ann again. The U.S. Army soon attacks, and the beast tries getting Ann and itself to safety by climbing to the top  of the Empire State Building, where it fights off six Navy planes. Despite managing to down three of them, the beast is mortally wounded from the planes' gunfire and falls. As Jack reaches the top of the building to comfort and embrace Ann, civilians, policemen, and soldiers gather around the beast's corpse in the street, one bystander commenting the airplanes got him. Carl makes his way through the crowd, takes one last look at Kong and says, "It wasn't the airplanes. It was Beauty killed the Beast." In addition, director Jackson appears with makeup artist Rick Baker as  the pilot and gunner on the airplane that kills the title character, his children appear as New York children, "The Lord of the Rings" co-producer Rick Porras and "The Shawshank Redemption" director Frank Darabont appear as a gunners in the other airplanes, and Bob Burns and his wife appear as New York bystanders. Frequent Jackson collaborator Howard Shore makes a cameo appearance as the conductor of the New York theater from where Kong escapes. Cast. Watts, Black, and Brody were the first choices for their respective roles with no other actors considered. In preparation for her role, Watts met  with the original Ann Darrow, Fay Wray. Jackson wanted Wray to make a cameo appearance and say the final line of dialogue, but she died during pre-production at 96 years old. Black was cast as Carl Denham based on his performance in the 2000 film "High Fidelity", which had impressed Jackson. For inspiration, Black studied P. T. Barnum and Orson Welles. "I didn't study [Welles] move for move. It was just to capture the spirit. Very reckless guy. I had tapes of him drunk off his ass." The native extras on Skull Island were portrayed by a mix  of Asian, African, Maori and Polynesian actors sprayed with dark makeup to achieve a consistent pigmentation. Production. Development. Earlier attempts and 1990s. Peter Jackson was nine years old when he first saw the 1933 film, and was in tears in front of the TV when Kong was shot and fell off the Empire State Building. At age 12, he attempted to recreate the film using his parents' Super 8 mm film camera and a model of Kong made of wire and rubber with his mother's fur coat for the hair, but eventually gave up on the project. "King Kong  eventually became his favorite film and was the primary inspiration for his decision to become a filmmaker as a teenager. He read books about the making of King Kong" and collected memorabilia, as well as articles from "Famous Monsters of Filmland". Jackson paid tribute to the 1933 film by including Skull Island as the origin of the zombie plague in his 1992 film "Braindead". During the filming of Jackson's 1996 film "The Frighteners", Universal Pictures was impressed with Jackson's dailies and early visual effects footage. The studio was adamant to work with Jackson on his next project and , in late 1995, offered him the chance to direct a remake of the 1954 film "Creature from the Black Lagoon". He turned down the offer, but Universal became aware of Jackson's obsession with "King Kong" and subsequently offered him the opportunity to direct that remake. The studio did not have to worry about lawsuits concerning the film rights from RKO Pictures (the studio behind the 1933 film) because the King Kong character is held in the public domain. Jackson initially turned down the "King Kong" offer, but he "quickly became disturbed by the fact that someone else would take  it over," Jackson continued, "and make it into a terrible film; that haunted me and I eventually said yes to Universal." At the same time, Jackson was working with Harvey Weinstein and Miramax Films to purchase the film rights of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", while 20th Century Fox was trying to hire him for the 2001 remake of "Planet of the Apes". Jackson turned down "Planet of the Apes" and because Weinstein was taking longer than expected to buy "The Lord of the Rings" rights, Jackson decided to move forward on "King Kong". Weinstein was furious , and, as a result, Jackson proposed a deal between Universal and Miramax that the two studios would equally finance "King Kong" with Jackson's production company Wingnut Films. Universal would receive distribution rights in the United States, while Miramax would cover foreign territories. Jackson was also warranted the right of final cut privilege, a percentage of the gross profits, as well as artistic control; Universal allowed all filming and visual effects to be handled entirely in New Zealand. The deal was settled in April 1996, and Jackson, along with wife Fran Walsh, began working on the "King Kong" script. In  the original draft, Ann was the daughter of famed English archaeologist Lord Linwood Darrow exploring ancient ruins in Sumatra. They would come into conflict with Denham during his filming, and they would uncover a hidden Kong statue and the map of Skull Island. This would indicate that the island natives were the last remnants of a cult religion that had once thrived on Asia's mainland. Instead of a playwright, Jack was the first mate and an ex-World War I fighter pilot still struggling with the loss of his best friend, who had been killed in battle during a  World War I prologue. The camera-man Herb is the only supporting character in the original draft who made it to the final version. The fight between Kong and the three "V. rex" also changed from the original draft. In the draft, Ann is actually caught in the "V. rex" jaws, where she becomes wedged, and slashed by the teeth; after the fight, Kong gets her out but she is suffering from a fever, from which she then recovers. Universal approved of the script with Robert Zemeckis as executive producer, and pre-production for "King Kong" commenced. The plan was  to begin filming sometime in 1997 for a summer 1998 release date. Weta Digital and Weta Workshop, under the supervision of Richard Taylor and Christian Rivers, began work on early visual effects tests, specifically the complex task of building a CGI version of New York City circa 1933. Jackson and Walsh progressed with a second draft script, sets were being designed and location scouting commenced in Sumatra and New Zealand. In late 1996, Jackson flew to production of the 1997 film "Titanic" in Mexico to discuss the part of Ann Darrow with Kate Winslet, with whom he previously worked with  on his 1994 film "Heavenly Creatures". Minnie Driver was also being reportedly considered. Jackson's choices for Jack Driscoll and Carl Denham included George Clooney and Robert De Niro. However, development for "King Kong" was stalled in January 1997 when Universal became concerned over the upcoming release of the 1998 film "Godzilla", as well as other ape-related remakes with the 1998 film "Mighty Joe Young" and the 2001 film "Planet of the Apes". Universal abandoned "King Kong" in February 1997 after Weta Workshop and Weta Digital had already designed six months' worth of pre-production. Jackson then decided to  start work on "The Lord of the Rings" film series. Revival of the project. With the financial and critical success of the 2001 film "" and the 2002 film "", Universal approached Jackson in early 2003, during the post-production of "", concerning his interest in restarting development on "King Kong". In March 2003, Universal set a target December 2005 release date and Jackson and Walsh brought "The Lord of the Rings" co-writer Philippa Boyens on to help rewrite their 1996 script. Jackson offered New Line Cinema the opportunity to co-finance with Universal, but they declined. Universal and Jackson originally projected  a $150 million budget, which eventually rose to $175 million. Jackson made a deal with Universal whereby he would be paid a $20 million salary against 20% of the box office gross for directing, producing and co-writing. He shared that fee with co-writers Walsh (which also covered her producing credit) and Boyens. However, if "King Kong" were to go over its $175 million budget, the penalties would be covered by Jackson. Immediately after the completion of "The Return of the King", Weta Workshop and Weta Digital, supervised by Taylor, Rivers, and Joe Letteri, started  pre-production on "King Kong". Jackson brought back most of the crew he had on "The Lord of the Rings" series, including cinematographer Andrew Lesnie, production designer Grant Major, art directors Simon Bright and Dan Hennah, conceptual designer Alan Lee, and editor Jamie Selkirk. Jackson, Walsh and Boyens began to write a new script in late October 2003. Jackson acknowledged that he was highly unsatisfied with the original 1996 script. "That was actually just Fran and Peter very hurriedly getting something down on paper", Boyens explained. "It was more one of many possible ways the story could go." The writers  chose to base the new screenplay on the 1933 film rather than the 1996 script. They also included scenes from James Ashmore Creelman's screenplay that were either abandoned or omitted during production of the original film. In the scene where Kong shakes the surviving sailors pursuing Ann and himself from a log into the ravine, for example, directors Merian Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack originally intended to depict giant spiders emerging from the rock to devour their bodies. This was cut from the original release print, and remains known to "Kong" fans only via a rare still that appeared  in "Famous Monsters of Filmland". Jackson included this scene and elaborated upon it. Jackson, Walsh and Boyens also cited Delos W. Lovelace's 1932 novelisation of "King Kong" as inspiration, which included the character Lumpy (Andy Serkis). To make the relationship between Ann Darrow and Kong plausible, the writers studied hours of gorilla footage. Jackson also optioned "Early Havoc", a memoir written by vaudeville performer June Havoc to help Walsh and Boyens flesh out Ann Darrow's characterisation. Carl Denham was intentionally modeled after and inspired by Orson Welles. Their new draft was finished in February 2004. Filming. Principal photography  started on September 6, 2004 at Camperdown Studios in Miramar, New Zealand. Camperdown housed the native village and the Great Wall, while the streets of New York City were constructed on its backlot and at Gracefield in Lower Hutt, New Zealand. The majority of the SS "Venture" scenes were shot aboard a full-scale deck constructed in the parking lot at Camperdown Studio and then were backed with a green screen, with the ocean digitally added in post. Scenes set in the Broadway theater from which King Kong makes his escape were filmed in Wellington's Opera House and at  the Auckland Civic Theatre. Filming also took place at Stone Street Studios, where a new sound stage was constructed to accommodate one of the sets. Over the course of filming the budget went from $175 million to $207 million over additional visual effects work needed, and Jackson extending the film's running time by thirty minutes. Jackson covered the $32 million surplus himself and finished filming in March 2005. The film's budget climbed from an initial US$150 million to a then-record-breaking $207 million and received a subsidy of $34 million from  New Zealand, making it at one point the most expensive film yet made. Universal only agreed to such an outlay after seeing a screening of the unfinished film, to which executives responded enthusiastically. Marketing and promotion costs were an estimated $60 million. The film's length also grew; originally set to be 135 minutes, it soon grew to 200, prompting Universal executives to fly to New Zealand to view a rough cut, but they liked it so their concerns were addressed. Other difficulties included Peter Jackson's decision to change composers from Howard Shore to James Newton Howard seven  weeks before the film opened. Visual effects. Jackson saw "King Kong" as opportunity for technical innovations in motion capture, commissioning Christian Rivers of Weta Digital to supervise all aspects of Kong's performance. Jackson decided early on that he did not want Kong to behave like a human, and so he and his team studied hours of gorilla footage. Serkis was cast in the title role in April 2003 and prepared himself by working with gorillas at the London Zoo. He then traveled to Rwanda, observing the actions and behaviors of gorillas in the wild. Rivers explained that the detailed  facial performance capture with Serkis was accomplished because of the similarities between human and gorilla faces. "Gorillas have such a similar looking set of eyes and brows, you can look at those expressions and transpose your own interpretation onto them." Photos of silverback gorillas were also superimposed on Kong's image in the early stages of animation. Serkis had to go through two hours of motion capture makeup every day, having 135 small markers attached to different spots on his face. Following principal photography, Serkis had to spend an additional two months on a motion capture stage, miming Kong's  movements for the film's digital animators. Apart from Kong, Skull Island is inhabited by dinosaurs and other large fauna. Inspired by Dougal Dixon's works, the designers imagined what 65 million years or more of isolated evolution might have done to dinosaurs and the other creatures. Music. King Kong: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was composed by James Newton Howard, who composed "The Sixth Sense", "Dinosaur", "" and "Treasure Planet". Originally, Howard Shore, who worked with Peter Jackson on "The Lord of the Rings", was to compose the film's score. Shore completed and recorded several cues before he and Jackson  parted ways. Shore's appearance as the conductor in the New York theatre from which Kong escapes remained in the film. James Newton Howard's score was later nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The film's soundtrack includes Al Jolson's recording of "I'm Sitting on Top of the World", Peggy Lee's "Bye Bye Blackbird", and some themes from Max Steiner's soundtrack for the original 1933 film. Marketing. The marketing campaign started in full swing on June 27, 2005, when the teaser trailer made its debut, first online at the official Volkswagen  website at 8:45 p.m. EDT, then 8:55 p.m. EDT across media outlets owned by NBCUniversal (the parent of Universal Studios), including NBC, Bravo!, CNBC, and MSNBC. That trailer appeared in theatres attached to "War of the Worlds", which opened on June 29. Jackson also regularly published a series of 'Production Diaries', which chronicled the film's production. The diaries started shortly after the DVD release of "" as a way to give Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" fans a glimpse of his next project. These diaries are edited into broadband-friendly installments of three or four minutes each. They  consist of features that would normally be seen in a making-of documentary: a tour of the set, a roving camera introducing key players behind the scene, a peek inside the sound booth during last-minute dubbing, or Andy Serkis doing his ape movements in a motion capture studio. A novelisation of the film and a prequel novel entitled "King Kong: The Island of the Skull" were also written. A multi-platform video game, entitled "Peter Jackson's King Kong", was released, which featured an alternate ending. There was also a hardback book entitled "The World of Kong: A Natural  History of Skull Island", featuring artwork from Weta Workshop to describe the film's fictional wildlife. Jackson has expressed his desire to remaster the film in 3-D at some point in the future. Jackson was also seen shooting with a 3-D camera at times during the shoot of "King Kong". Reception. Box office. In North America, "King Kong" grossed $9,755,745 during its Wednesday opening and $50,130,145 over its first weekend for a five-day total of $66,181,645 from around 7,500 screens at 3,568 theaters. Some analysts considered these initial numbers disappointing, saying that studio executives  had been expecting more. The film went on to gross $218,080,025 in the North American market and ended up in the top five highest-grossing films of the year there. The film grossed an additional $344,283,424 at the box office in other regions for a worldwide total of $562,363,449, which not only ranked it in the top five highest-grossing films of 2005 worldwide, but also helped the film bring back more than two-and-a-half times its production budget. During its home video release, "King Kong" sold over $100 million worth of DVDs in  the largest six-day performance in Universal Studios history. "King Kong" sold more than 7.6 million DVDs, accumulating nearly $194 million worth of sales numbers in the North American market alone. As of June 25, 2006, "King Kong" has generated almost $38 million from DVD rental gross. In February 2006, TNT/TBS and ABC paid Universal Studios $26.5 million for the television rights to the film. Critical response. "King Kong" received positive reviews from critics. On aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 84% based on 267 reviews, with an average rating  of 7.68/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Featuring state-of-the-art special effects, terrific performances, and a majestic sense of spectacle, Peter Jackson's remake of "King Kong" is a potent epic that's faithful to the spirit of the 1933 original." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 81 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale. It was placed on the 'top ten' lists of several critics, with Roger Ebert giving it four stars, and  listed it as 2005's eighth-best film. The film received four Academy Award nominations, for Visual Effects, Sound Mixing (Christopher Boyes, Michael Semanick, Michael Hedges, Hammond Peek), Sound Editing, and Production Design, winning all but the last. "Entertainment Weekly" called the depiction of Kong the most convincing computer-generated character in film in 2005. Some criticised the film for retaining racist stereotypes that had been present in the 1933 film, though it was not suggested that Jackson had done this intentionally. "King Kong" ranks 450th on "Empire" magazine's 2008 list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time . "The Guardian" reviewer Peter Bradshaw said that it "certainly equals, and even exceeds, anything Jackson did in "Lord of the Rings"." However, Charlie Brooker, also of "The Guardian", gave a negative review in which he describes the film as "sixteen times more overblown and histrionic than necessary". Home media. "King Kong" was released on DVD on March 28, 2006 in the United States and Canada. The three versions that came out are a single-disc fullscreen, a single-disc widescreen, and a two-disc 'Widescreen Special Edition'. A three-disc Deluxe Extended Edition was released on November 14, 2006 in  the U.S., and on November 3 in Australia. Twelve minutes were reinserted into the film, and an additional forty minutes included with the rest of the special features. The film was spread onto the first two discs with commentary by Peter Jackson and Philippa Boyens, and some featurettes on discs one and two, whilst the main special features are on disc three. Another set was released, including a WETA figurine of a bullet-ridden Kong scaling the Empire State Building, roaring at the Navy with Ann in hand. The extended film amounts to 200 total minutes. A special HD DVD  version of "King Kong" was part of a promotional pack for the release of the external HD DVD Drive for the Xbox 360. The pack contained the HD DVD drive, the Universal Media Remote and "King Kong" on HD DVD. It was also available separately as a standard HD DVD. The film's theatrical and extended cuts were released together on Blu-ray Disc on January 20, 2009. A re-release of the Blu-Ray with a new bonus disc containing nearly all of the extras from the 2-disc Special Edition DVD, the Deluxe Extended Edition 3-disc DVD , and the "Peter Jackson's Production Diaries" 2-disc DVD titled the "Ultimate Edition" was released on February 7, 2017. An Ultra HD Blu-ray followed in July 2017. Cancelled sequel. In March 2021, Adam Wingard said in an interview that back in 2013, Peter Jackson had been interested in producing a sequel to the film, titled "Skull Island", with Wingard as director and Simon Barrett writing it. Jackson had been impressed with Wingard's work in "You're Next", and investigated a potential sequel. However, the King Kong rights had already been transferred to Warner Bros. by 2013, which  complicated a sequel to a Universal-produced movie. Wingard says that Jackson was thinking of setting the proposed movie during World War I, which would make it a prequel, but that the studio was uninterested in a World War I era film. Wingard pivoted to offering a modern day sequel, but ultimately nothing came of the proposal. Ultimately, Warner Bros. rebooted the franchise with "" in 2017, which was part of the MonsterVerse. Wingard would later direct 2021's "Godzilla vs. Kong", another film set in the MonsterVerse. Theme park. The Universal Orlando Resort location Islands of Adventure features an attraction  called "" which is based on Peter Jackson's remake. While the King Kong part of the Universal Studios Hollywood resort was destroyed by massive fire, a 3D short inspired by the film was eventually created in 2010. This was , which is another attraction based on Peter Jackson's remake.