Research and Development Tax Incentive
The Research and Development Tax Incentive (R&D) is a government programme that aims to stimulate Australian investment in R&D. It has been in place since 1 July 2011 and replaced the R&D Tax Concession. The tax incentive reduces company R&D costs by offering tax offsets for eligible R&D expenditure. The tax incentive is jointly administered by Industry Innovation and Science Australia (IISA) and the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). History. Reforms were announced in the 2020-21 budget. The Treasury Laws Amendment (A Tax Plan for the COVID-19 Economic Recovery) Act 2020 passed the Parliament on  9 October 2020, and received Royal Assent on 14 October 2020. The reforms are to apply to income years beginning on or after 1 July 2021. These reforms supersede the Treasury Laws Amendment Bill 2019. Overview. The Research and Development (R&D) Tax Incentive aims to stimulate Australian investment in R&D. The incentive reduces R&D costs through tax offsets for eligible expenditure. Proposed changes include a tiered system based on R&D spending for businesses with an aggregated turnover of $20 million or more and a reduced R&D Tax Incentive rate of 43.5% for businesses with an aggregated turnover of less  than $20 million. The R&D Tax Incentive is managed jointly by the Australian Tax Office and the Department of Industry Innovation and Science Australia. Application Process. How to claim. Companies can apply to register eligible R&D within 10 months of the end of the company's income year. This registration is supplied to the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources. The tax offset is applied when the Company Income Tax Return is lodged with the Australian Taxation Office. Each income year a company wishes to claim for requires a separate registration. The R&D Tax Incentive is a self -assessed program. Relevant legislation to determine this is the Industry Research and Development Act 1986, and the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Eligibility criteria. The R&D tax incentive is available to companies who are: Eligibility for the R&D Tax Incentive requires the following: Contemporaneous records must be kept to show that the activities claimed meet the eligibility criteria. Calculation. Eligible expenses. These expenditures apply to the eligibility to a notional R&D deduction to the extent that: Credit calculation. Companies with an aggregated turnover below $20 million are eligible for a refundable tax offset of 43.5% and those with a  turnover above $20 million for a non-refundable tax offset of 38.5%. The amount that can be claimed under the R&D tax incentive is calculated by multiplying the total notional deductions figure by 43.5% or 38.5%, depending on the type of R&D tax offset that can be claimed. This figure can then be claimed as a tax offset in the company's tax return. If the notional R&D deductions exceed $100 million, the portion exceeding $100 million is offset at the company tax rate. When keeping records of R&D activities, the expenditure must be apportioned in a  reasonable manner with the information available. There are multiple ways in which expenditure can be apportioned and the company's accounting methods and type of expenditure will influence the method that is most appropriate to use. If expenses can be traced to R&D activities accurately as the activities are undertaken, apportionment is not necessary. If this is not possible, apportionment is determined based on the type of activity being conducted, how they are being conducted and the type of expenditure incurred. Some examples of apportionment methodologies include: Government Working Group. Australia's top tier public policy group on the R&D  Tax Incentive is the RDTI roundtable. Core members include, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, ATO, Deloitte, EY, KPMG, Swanson Reed, Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, Australian Information Industry Association, Boeing, CSL and BDO.