Hamsadhvani
Hamsadhvani (meaning "the cry of the swan"), is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of Carnatic tradition of Indian classical music). It is an "audava" rāgam (or "owdava" rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a "janya" rāga of the Melakartha raga, Sankarabharanam (29th) but according to Hamsadhvani's prayoga or the way it is sung it is said to be the janya of Kalyani (65th). "Hamsadhvani" is also extensively used in Hindustani music and said to be borrowed into it from Carnatic music. It was created by the Carnatic composer Ramaswami Dikshitar (1735–1817), father of Muthuswami Dikshitar (one  of the musical trinity of Carnatic music), and brought into Hindustani music by Aman Ali Khan of the Bhendibazaar gharana. It has become popular due to Amir Khan. Structure and lakshana. "Hamsadhvani" does not contain "madhyamam" or "dhavathum". It is a pentatonic scale ("audava-audava" ragam in Carnatic music classification – "audava" meaning 'of 5'). Its "" structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see "swaras" in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms): The notes used in this scale are "shadjam, chatushruti rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam" and "kakali nishadam". In Hindustani music, it is associated with "Bilaval thaat  (equivalent of Shankarabharanam"). Compositions. "Hamsadhvani" rāgam lends itself for elaboration and exploration and has many compositions in both classical music and film music. It is usually sung at the beginning of a performance. There are many "kritis" (compositions) in praise of Lord Ganesha set in this musical scale. Related rāgas. Section::::"Graha bhedham". "Hamsadhvani's" notes when shifted using "Graha bhedam", yields another pentatonic rāgam, "Nagasvaravali". "Graha bhedam" is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the "shadjam" to the next note in the rāgam. For more details and illustration of this concept refer "Graha bhedam  on Hamsadhvani". In Hindustani music. Vadi and samavadi. Vadi: Sa Samavadi: Pa Pakad or chalan. ga pa ni Sa ga re ni pa Sa The Pakad is the one where one can identify to which raga does the composition belongs. Organization and relationships. Thaat: Bilaval. Time. Late Evening