Exchange-rate pass-through
Exchange-rate pass-through (ERPT) is a measure of how responsive international prices are to changes in exchange rates. Formally, exchange-rate pass-through is the elasticity of local-currency import prices with respect to the local-currency price of foreign currency. It is often measured as the percentage change, in the local currency, of import prices resulting from a one percent change in the exchange rate between the exporting and importing countries. A change in import prices affects retail and consumer prices. When exchange-rate pass-through is greater, there is more transmission of inflation  between countries. Exchange-rate pass-through is also related to the law of one price and purchasing power parity. Example. Suppose that the US imports widgets from the UK. The widgets cost $10 and £1 costs $1. Then the British Pound appreciates against the dollar and now £1 costs $1.50. Also suppose that the widgets now cost $12.5 There has been a 50% change in the exchange rate and a 25% change in price. The exchange rate pass-through is For every 1% increase in the exchange rate, there has been a .5% increase  in the price of the widgets. Measurement. The "standard pass-through regression" is where formula_3 is import price, formula_4 is the exchange rate, formula_5 is marginal costs, formula_6 is demand, and formula_7 denotes a first difference. The exchange-rate pass-through after formula_8 periods is Campa and Goldberg (2005) estimated the long-run exchange-rate pass-through to import prices for the following countries, averaging across the countries from which imports came: Measurement of exchange-rate pass-through is typically performed using aggregate price indexes. Some studies have examined how firms in different industries or with different production costs differ  in their responses to exchange rates. Studies of firm-level differences explain why exchange-rate pass-through is not equal to one and how globalization caused a decrease in exchange-rate pass-through.