Keeler, California
Keeler, formerly known as Hawley, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States. Keeler is located on the east shore of Owens Lake south-southeast of New York Butte. The population was 66 people at the 2010 census, unchanged from the 2000 census. History. When the 1872 Lone Pine earthquake rendered the pier in nearby Swansea inaccessible by uplifting the shoreline, a new pier was constructed to the south at a community named Hawley. In 1880 a new mill was constructed at Hawley by the Owens Lake Mining and Milling Company for processing silver  ore from the Cerro Gordo Mines in the mountains to the east. A town was laid out by the company agent Julius M. Keeler, for whom the town of Hawley was later renamed. The steamship "Bessie Brady" brought ore from Keeler across the lake to the town of Cartago. There was a 300-foot wharf at Keeler, and the steamship route cut days off the time a freight wagon would have taken to circle the lake. She carried 700 ingots at a time in a three-hour crossing, but in 1882 the "Bessie Brady" was destroyed by fire. The Carson  and Colorado Railroad constructed a narrow gauge railway to Keeler in 1883. The success of the Cerro Gordo mines caused Keeler to boom until silver prices plummeted in the late 19th century. A second boom of zinc mining in the early 20th century brought new life to the town and an aerial cable tramway was built to bring the ore from Cerro Gordo to Keeler. There were small surges in the mining of silver, lead, zinc and limestone, but by the 1950s all mining had ceased. Train service was stopped in 1960 and the tracks were removed in 1961. Water  exports from the Owens Valley to the City of Los Angeles in the 1920s led the Owens Lake to eventually dry up, causing alkali dust storms to blow through Keeler, driving many residents away. Dust remediation efforts in the early 21st century reduced this problem, but few residents remain. A post office operated at Keeler from 1883 to 1898 and is still operating today. There is a California Historical Landmark in Keeler for the furnace of the Owens Lake Silver Company. Geography. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. Keeler is  located along the eastern shores of Owens Lake (a dry lakebed) along State Route 136. Demographics. 2010. At the 2010 census Keeler had a population of 66. The population density was 50.7 people per square mile (19.6/km). The racial makeup of Keeler was 63 (96%) White, 0 African American, 0 Native American, 2 (3%) Asian, 0 Pacific Islander, 0 from other races, and 1 (2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were six people (9%). The census reported that 100% of the population lived in households. There were 40 households; four (10%) had children  under the age of 18 living in them, 13 (33%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, two (5%) had a female householder with no husband present and two (5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were no unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and no same-sex married couples or partnerships. Twenty three households (58%) were one person, and 12 (30%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 1.7. There were 17 families (43% of households); the average family size was 2.5. The age distribution was nine people (14%) under the  age of 18, one person (2%) aged 18 to 24, one person (2%) aged 25 to 44, 33 people (50%) aged 45 to 64, and 22 people (33%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 59.3 years. Pro rata, for every 100 females, there were 120.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 147.8 males. There were 67 housing units at an average density of 51.5 per square mile (19.9/km), of which 40 were occupied, of which 33 (83%) were owner-occupied, and 7 (18%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate  was 3%; the rental vacancy rate was 22%. 55 people (83% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 11 people (17%) lived in rental housing units. 2000. At the 2000 census there were 66 people, 36 households, and 19 families in the CDP. The population density was 54.9 people per square mile (21.2/km). There were 67 housing units at an average density of 55.7 per square mile (21.6/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 97% White, 1% from other races, and 1% from two or more races. 12% of the population were Hispanic or  Latino. Of the 36 households 11% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39% were married couples living together, 6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47% were non-families. 39% of households were one person and 22% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 1.8 and the average family size was 2.4. The age distribution was 14% under the age of 18, 2% from 18 to 24, 11% from 25 to 44, 36% from 45 to 64, and 38% 65 or older. The median age was 57 years . For every 100 females, there were 112.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.1 males. The median household income was $19,625 and the median family income was $26,250. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,621. There were no families and 9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under 18s and none of those over 64. Government. In the state legislature, Keeler is in , and . Federally, Keeler is in . In fiction. Keeler is mentioned in the final chapters of Frank Norris' novel, "McTeague" (1899). Keeler appears in  films such as "Outlaws of the Desert" (1941), "Sinister Journey" (1948) and "The Blazing Sun" (1950). See also. California Water Wars