White House (Moscow)
The White House (; officially: The House of the Government of the Russian Federation, ), also known in Russia in the 1990s as the Russian White House, is a government building in Moscow. It stands on the Krasnopresnenskaya embankment. The building serves as the primary office of the government of Russia and is the official workplace of the Russian Prime Minister. History. Soviet Union. The architects Dmitry Chechulin and Pavel Shteller designed the White House – originally called "The House of Soviets". The overall design follows Chechulin's 1934 draft of the Aeroflot building. Construction started in 1965 and ended  in 1981. Following the completion of the building in 1981, the Supreme Soviet of Russia, which had until then held its sessions in the Grand Kremlin Palace, used the White House. The Supreme Soviet of Russia remained in the building until the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, as well as during the first years of the Russian Federation. In 1991 the Soviet Union issued a 50-kopeck stamp depicting the White House and honoring resistance to the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt. Russian Federation. After the end of the Soviet Union, the White House continued to serve as  the seat of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation. 1993 Russian constitutional crisis. By sunrise on 4 October 1993, the Russian Army encircled the parliament building, and a few hours later army tanks began to shell the White House. The White House stood damaged for some time after the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, and the black burns from tank shelling became famous, so much so that it became traditional to photograph newly-weds in front of its damaged façade. The reformed parliament, known thereafter by its Imperial-era title of the State Duma, was elected in December 1993 and  moved to another building on Moscow's . the renovated White House houses the Russian government. An inscription at the base of the tower reads, "House of the Government of the Russian Federation". Architecture. During the construction of the White House, Dmitry Chechulin used elements of his unrealized 1934 design for the headquarters of state airline Aeroflot. The original idea was developed in honor of the rescue, by Soviet pilots, of the passengers of the sunken steamship . The construction was supposed to have simplified forms. The stylobate of the building was similar in size to the ship, it was supplemented with  numerous sculptural compositions. The main entrance emphasized the portico, which resembled a triumphal arch. It was assumed that the building would form a new look of the Belorussky railway station square. But the structure did not correspond to the site in size and configuration, so it was never built.