Ahmet Haşim
Ahmet Haşim (also written as Ahmed Hâşim; 1884? – 4 June 1933) was an influential Turkish poet of the early 20th century. Biography. Ahmed Hâşim was born in Baghdad, probably in the year 1884. His father was the provincial governor of the Ottoman sanjak of Fizan. Around 1893, Ahmed went to Istanbul with his father, following the death of his mother. In 1906, having graduated from the "Mekteb-i Sultanî" (now Galatasaray High School), he began work in the "Reji", the state tobacco monopoly, and was registered at Istanbul University's school of law. Between 1908 and 1910, Hâşim  worked as a French language teacher in the city of İzmir and as an officer in the Office of Public Debts ("Düyun-u Umumiye"). He was conscripted in the First World War, serving mostly in Anatolia; following the war, he returned to Istanbul and worked in the Ottoman Bank. After the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, Hâşim worked as a teacher of aesthetics in the Academy of Fine Arts and as a French language teacher at Istanbul University. For many years, he also wrote essays for the newspapers "Akşam" and "İkdam". Ahmed Hâşim died on 4 June 1933, and  was laid to rest at the Eyüp Cemetery. Works. Ahmed Hâşim's first poems were published in "Mecmua-i Edebiye" (مجموعه ادبيه; "Literary Periodical") between 1900 and 1912. At this time, he was a member of the movement known as "Fecr-i Âtî" (ﻓﺠﺮ ﺁﺕﯽ), or "Dawn of the Future". Later, he would publish together with other poets in the periodical "Dergâh" (درگاه). In 1921, at around this time, he published his first book of poetry, "Göl Saatleri" (گول ساعتلرى; ""Hours of the Lake""). His second book of poetry, "Piyâle" (پياله; ""The Wine Cup""), would follow in 1926. Hâşim's  early poetry was very much in the Parnassian and Decadent vein of the poets Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) and Cenab Şahâbeddin (1870–1934), early influences who were a part of the "Edebiyyât-ı Cedîde" (ادبيات جدیده; "New Literature") movement. Hâşim's later poetry, however—collected in "Göl Saatleri" and "Piyâle"—evidences more of a French Symbolist influence, particularly that of Henri de Régnier, whom Hâşim greatly admired. This late poetry can—to a certain extent—be seen to adhere to the "Fecr-i Âtî" movement's variation of the Symbolist motto: ""Sanat şahsî ve muhteremdir"" (صنعت ﺵﺨﺼﯽ و محترمدر; "Art is personal and  revered"). In line with this motto, and with the Symbolist movement in general, much of his poetry was more indirect than direct, using thick imagery so as to create a strong sensory impression, as in the opening lines of his famous poem from the book "Piyâle", "Merdiven" ("Stairway" or "The Ladder"): Transliteration: Transfiguration: This poem also shows one of the tropes that Hâşim shares with the Symbolists; namely, he uses carefully selected natural images to express the emotional state of the poem's persona. Many of Hâşim's later poems, especially those collected in "Piyâle", use this technique in a  very brief and evocative fashion, showing the influence not only of Symbolism, but also of the haiku poetry that Hâşim was reading at the time. Ahmet Haşim founded a literary magazine, "Dergâh", in 1921 together with another significant figure Yahya Kemal. Bibliography. Poetry Prose