Giuseppe Cenni
Giuseppe Cenni (27 February 1915 – 4 September 1943) was an Italian officer and aviator. A Major in the Regia Aeronautica (Royal Air Force), he is a legend of the Italian Air Force: he was awarded the Gold Medal of Military Valor and six silver medals for military valor, 2nd class German Iron Cross, the transition to effective permanent service and two promotions for war merit, three Crosses to the merit of war; more than 200 war actions, 750 hours of war flight out of a total of 1,460; two wars fought as a protagonist, eight victories in Spain , where he is among the best hunting aces, facing even seven months of very harsh imprisonment, and in the Second World War he is the undisputed ace of dive bombing; he endured the combat loss, in the last war, of 19 pilots, 16 crew members and 13 specialists from her own department; at just 28 years old, he is the youngest Stormo commander of the Regia Aeronautica, Stormo who will be one of the few to be decorated with a gold medal; in seven years he passed from second lieutenant to major in effective permanent service, acting as lieutenant colonel ; aerobatic instructor and champion in gliding, where he won national titles and was part of the Olympic group. These are the bare but eloquent numbers of Giuseppe Cenni. Biography. Giuseppe Cenni developed a passion for aeronautics as a young man, building gliders while attending the "Regio Istituto d'Arte" (Royal Institute of Fine Arts) in Parma. On 19 June 1935 he enlisted in the "Regia Aeronautica" as an auxiliary officer cadet. He obtained his wings on 20 November, flying a Fiat CR.20. In 1936 he volunteered for the Spanish Civil War under the "nom de guerre" of "Vittorio Stella". He bailed  out of his aircraft after a series of collisions in fog and was taken prisoner, but was released in an exchange of prisoners. Returning to Italy from Spain, Cenni was decorated, returned to the Air Force as a regular officer, and was first assigned to the 6º "Stormo", then to the 51º "Stormo". At the same time, he qualified as an aerobatic instructor. At the outbreak of the Second World War, Cenni asked to be brought back from Romania, where he was taking courses for fighter pilots, and was sent to attend courses to qualify to fly the dive bombing  plane Junkers Ju 87, or "Stuka". Cenni was also promoted to captain and given command of the 239 "Squadriglia" of autonomous dive-bombers on 24 November 1940. Based at Lecce Galatina Airport, he participated in dive bombing attacks in Greece and Yugoslavia. Cenni may have sank the Greek transport "SS Ioanna" of 1,192 GRT on 21 April 1941 in Patras harbour. In the months between May and October 1941 the "Stukas", called "Picchiatelli" by the Italians, were redeployed to North Africa, where they continued missions against land and naval targets in the Mediterranean Sea. Cenni was once again confirmed to  be a pilot with excellent flying skills, so much so that he developed a technique of dive bombing called "skip bombing", ending with a short dive in level flight. The bomb dropped and bounced on the water, hitting the side of the ship under attack and maximizing the damage. For his actions he was awarded two Silver Medals of Military Valor. The growing technique disparity of Ju 87 aircraft against Allied fighters led Cenni to develop techniques for dive bombing at night. In the course of these actions, the "Stuka" operated by then-Captain Cenni inflicted much damage on British  ships. Cenni was decorated with his sixth Silver Medal of Military Valor and promoted to major on the merits of war. Shooting activities with the 5º "Stormo" at Crotone Airport replaced the "Stuka" with the Reggiane Re.2002. The squadron was made operational in July 1943 and Cenni was faced with the contemporary Allied invasion of Sicily. On 11, 12 and 13 July, dive bombing missions were made in the bay of Augusta, which led to the decimation of the crews. On 13 July, Allied bombers attacked Crotone Airport, destroying almost the entire "Stormo" and killing six other pilots. Cenni retreated  with planes and crew survivors to the airport in Manduria in Apulia. On 3 September, five days before the announcement of the armistice, which had already been signed in secret, Cenni was ordered to fight the Allied landing at Reggio Calabria. In the morning on 4 September 1943, 5º "Stormo"'s CO Maggiore Cenni took off from Manduria at 11:25 leading twelve Reggiane Re.2002s of the 101º "Gruppo" and of the 102º "Gruppo". The Reggiane were escorted by some Macchis of the 4º "Stormo". The Reggianes were bound to bomb the area of Gallico, when they were intercepted by some  Spitfire Mk.Vs and Mk.IXs of No. 111 Squadron RAF and No. 243 Squadron RAF. The Macchis started to dogfight with the Spitfire, while the Reggiane fighter-bombers were releasing thirty 100 kg bombs and spending 6100 .50 cal and 3600 .303 cal rounds. Four LCF were claimed sunk and many trucks and barracks destroyed. At this point, four Spitfires IX of 111 Squadron, flown by Flying Officer I. F. Kennedy, Sergeant R. Throwbridge, Sergeant R. Gray and Sergeant Eccleston, disengaged from the Macchis and dived on the last three Re.2002s, flown by "Sergente" Walter Banfi of the 208  Squadriglia, "Tenente" Renato Moglia of the 209 "Squadriglia", and commander Cenni. Banfi was hit first, but he parachuted safely. Then the Spitfires chased Moglia and Cenni through the gorges of the Aspromonte but after a fierce chase Moglia was shot down and killed. Cenni, remained alone, and pursued by the Spitfires, tried to distance them flying at low altitude and engaging in a series of acrobatic maneuvers, but in the end his plane was hit and caught fire. Cenni fell on the Bonamico stream and was killed in the crash. He was posthumously awarded with the "Medaglia d'oro al valor  militare" (Gold Medal of Military Valor). Personal life. Cenni was married and had a daughter.