Super Mario World
Super Mario World is a 1990 platform game developed by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). The story follows Mario's quest to save Princess Toadstool and Dinosaur Land from the series' antagonist Bowser and his minions, the Koopalings. The gameplay is similar to that of earlier "Super Mario" games: players control Mario or his brother Luigi through a series of levels in which the goal is to reach the goalpost at the end. "Super Mario World" introduced Yoshi, a dinosaur who can eat enemies, as well as gain abilities by eating the shells of  Koopa Troopas. Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development developed the game, led by director Takashi Tezuka and producer and series creator Shigeru Miyamoto. It is the first "Mario" game for the SNES and was designed to make the most of the console's technical features. The development team had more freedom compared to the series installments for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Yoshi was conceptualised during the development of the NES games but was not used until "Super Mario World" due to hardware limitations. "Super Mario World" is often considered one of the best games in the series and has been cited  as one of the greatest video games ever made. It sold more than twenty million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling SNES game. It also led to an animated television series of the same name. It has been rereleased on multiple occasions: It was part of the 1994 compilation "Super Mario All-Stars + Super Mario World" for the SNES and was rereleased for the Game Boy Advance as "Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2" in 2001, on the Virtual Console for the Wii, Wii U, and New Nintendo 3DS consoles, and as part of the Super NES  Classic Edition. On 3March 2016, it was released for the New Nintendo 3DS XL. Since 5September 2019 in North America, and in Japan, Europe, Australia, Hong Kong, and South Korea on September 6, the game has been playable on the Nintendo Switch through the Super Nintendo Entertainment System app. Gameplay. "Super Mario World" is a 2D side-scrolling platform game in which the player controls Mario or Luigi, the protagonists of the game. The game has similar gameplay to earlier games in the "Super Mario" series"Super Mario Bros.", "Super Mario Bros. 2", and "Super Mario Bros. 3"but introduces new elements . As well as dashing and jumping, the player can also fly or float with the aid of the Cape Feather and P-Balloon and can execute the new Spin Jump move. The game has 96 level exits in total. The player navigates through the game via two game screens: an overworld map and a side-scrolling course. The overworld map displays an overhead representation of the current world and has several paths leading from the world's entrance to a castle. Paths connect to action panels, fortresses, ghost houses, castles, and other map icons, and allow players to take different  routes to reach the world's goal. Moving the on-screen character to an action panel or castle allows access to that course. The majority of the game takes place in these linear levels, populated with obstacles and enemies, which involves the player traversing the stage by dashing, jumping, and dodging or defeating enemies. The player is given a number of lives, which are lost if Mario comes into contact with an enemy while Small Mario, falls into a bottomless pit, gets crushed, or runs out of time. The game ends when the player runs out of lives, although the  player can continue from the most recent save point (a successfully completed castle, fortress or haunted house) by selecting "Continue". Each world features a final stage with a boss to defeat; each of the seven worlds features fortresses controlled by one of the Koopalings, and the player also battles Bowser in his castle in the seventh and final world. "Super Mario World" includes a multiplayer option which allows two players to play the game by alternating turns at navigating the overworld map and accessing stage levels; the first player controls Mario, while the second player controls his brother, Luigi. In  addition to the power-ups from previous games, such as the Super Mushroom and Fire Flower, "Super Mario World" has a new power-up named the Cape Feather, which gives Mario a cape and the ability to fly, glide in the air, and use the cape as a sail. The game also introduces the ability to "store" an extra power-up in a box at the top centre of the screen. For example, if the player obtains a Fire Flower or a Cape Feather, then a Super Mushroom will appear in the box. If Mario gets hit by an enemy , the stored item in the box will automatically drop. Alternatively, the player can manually release the stored item at any time. The game introduces Yoshi, a dinosaur companion Mario can ride who is able to eat most enemies. If Yoshi attempts to eat a Koopa or its shell, he can spit it out and fire it at enemies. If the player fails to spit the shell out within a certain amount of time, Yoshi will swallow it, rendering it useless. When holding any Koopa shell in his mouth, Yoshi gains the ability that corresponds to its colour: a blue shell  enables Yoshi to fly, a yellow shell causes him to emit dust clouds that defeat nearby enemies, and a red shell allows him to produce three fireballs that defeat enemies. Flashing Koopa shells produce all three abilities, while green shells produce none. The default Yoshi is green, but the game also has hidden blue, yellow, and red Yoshis; the player can obtain each coloured Yoshi by finding its egg in hidden areas and feeding it five enemies or one star, Super Mushroom, Fire Flower or Cape Feather, causing the baby Yoshi to mature. Although the main objective is to navigate  through seven worlds to reach the end of the game, the player can beat the game much faster by using secret Star Road routes. To access a hidden world, the player needs to find keys scattered throughout the game's levels. When a key is found, it must be brought to a keyhole to unlock either a new level or a Star Road. Exploring these secret stages can lead to other stages, such as Special World. Completion of Special World permanently changes some of the enemies' sprites and alters the overworld map's colour scheme. Plot. After bringing peace to  the Mushroom World in "Super Mario Bros.3", the brothers Mario and Luigi decide to go on vacation with Princess Toadstool to a place called Dinosaur Land, a prehistoric-themed world swarming with dinosaurs and other enemies. While resting on the beach, Princess Toadstool is captured by Bowser. When Mario and Luigi wake up, they try to find her and, after hours of searching, come across a giant egg in the forest. It suddenly hatches and out of it comes a young dinosaur named Yoshi, who tells them his dinosaur friends have also been imprisoned in eggs by evil Koopalings. Mario  and Luigi soon realise it must be the evil King Bowser and his Koopalings. Mario, Luigi and Yoshi set out to save Toadstool and Yoshi's dinosaur friends, traversing through Dinosaur Land for Bowser and his Koopalings. To aid him, Yoshi gives Mario a cape as they begin their journey. Mario and Luigi continue to follow Bowser, defeating the Koopalings in the process, and save Yoshi's Yoshi friends. They eventually arrive at Bowser's Castle, where they fight him in a final battle. They send Bowser flying into the sky and save Princess Toadstool, restoring peace to Dinosaur Land . Development. The game was directed by Takashi Tezuka, while Shigeru Miyamoto, the creator of both "Super Mario" and "The Legend of Zelda", served as producer. Shigefumi Hino took the role of graphics designer. Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development handled development with a team of ten people, including three main programmers and a character designer, most of whom had worked on "Super Mario Bros." In a retrospective interview, the core team said Miyamoto wielded the most authority during development. "Super Mario World" was the first "Mario" series game developed for the then-upcoming Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). As such, the team  anticipated some difficulty in working with new and more advanced hardware. According to Tezuka, the software tools were not yet fully developed, and the team had to "go along with starting something new". Miyamoto acknowledged the team no longer had restrictions on certain mechanics such as scrolling and the number of colours they could implement. As a hardware experiment, the team ported "Super Mario Bros.3" to the SNES. However, it felt like the same game to them, despite the improved colours and sprites. After that, Miyamoto realised the team's goal would be to use the new hardware to create  something "totally new". Miyamoto said he had wanted Mario to have a dinosaur companion ever since "Super Mario Bros.", but Nintendo engineers could not add such a character into the game due to the limitations of the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The inspiration for Yoshi can be traced back even further; Miyamoto designed a green dragon for the 1984 game "Devil World" which shared many similarities with Yoshi. During the development of "Super Mario Bros.3", Miyamoto had a number of sketches around his desk, including an image of Mario riding a horse. As development of "Super Mario World" progressed, the  team opted to set the game in a "dinosaur land", so Tezuka asked designer Shigefumi Hino to draw a reptile-like creature based on Miyamoto's sketches. Hino originally produced a design that Tezuka deemed too reptilian, and "didn't really fit into the Mario world", so he encouraged the designer to create a "cuter" character. Tezuka speculated that Miyamoto's love of horse riding, as well as country and western themes, influenced Yoshi's creation. Reflecting on how he had created different melodies for "Super Mario Bros.3", composer Koji Kondo decided to reuse the same themes for "Super Mario  World", albeit in a rearranged form. By doing this, he assumed players would be able to recognise the same melodies, while exposing them to new variations of music as they progressed through the game. As "Super Mario World" was the first game developed for the SNES, Kondo felt "overjoyed" at being able to compose music by using eight sounds at once. To express the technological novelty of the new console, he used several different instruments, implementing them all one after the other in the game's title song. As development progressed, Kondo grew concerned over how people would react to  his unusual combinations of instruments as he noted the use of more traditional square waves and triangle waves had "gained acceptance" with consumers. For the game's sound effects, Kondo decided to use a variety of musical instruments, as opposed to square waves, to emphasise that the game used traditional technology with a hybrid of new materials. It took Kondo around a year and a half to write all the music for the game. "Super Mario World" was produced during the console warsa result of the rivalry between Nintendo's SNES and Sega's two-year-old Mega Drive systemwhich  outsold the console and led to intense competition between the two, being the first time since December 1985 Nintendo did not lead the market though it eventually overtook Sega. Sega's mascot, Sonic the Hedgehog, was seen by many as a faster and "cooler" alternative to Mario. After the game's release, Miyamoto admitted publicly he felt it was incomplete and development was rushed toward the end. Release. "Super Mario World" was released on 21 November 1990 in Japan. It was one of two launch games for the SNES in Japan, along with "F-Zero". The game was released in  North America in August 1991. Nintendo also issued a version for arcade cabinets so players could try the game before buying it. Re-releases. The game was re-released in a special version of "Super Mario All-Stars", "Super Mario All-Stars + Super Mario World", as a pack-in game for the SNES in December 1994. "All-Stars" contains enhanced remakes of the first four "Super Mario" games released for the NES: "Super Mario Bros.", "Super Mario Bros.2", "Super Mario Bros.3" and "". In contrast to the other games in the collection, "Super Mario World" is largely identical to the  original version, but Luigi's sprites were updated to make him a distinctive character rather than a palette swap of Mario. "Super Mario World" was ported to the Game Boy Advance as "Super Mario World: Super Mario Advance 2" between 2001 and 2002. It features the same number of levels as the original (albeit with a toned down difficulty), Game Link Cable support for four players, and the ability to save. It received positive reviews; critics enjoyed its new inclusions and retention of the SNES original's "feel". "GameSpot" named it the best video game of February 2002. The SNES  version was released on the Wii's Virtual Console in Japan on 2December 2006, in the United States on 5February 2007, and in Europe on 9February 2007. It was released for the Wii U in North America and Japan on 26 April 2013, and in Europe on 27 April 2013, along with the full launch of the Wii U Virtual Console. "Super Mario World" was also one of the 21 SNES games included in the Super NES Classic Edition in September 2017. On 5September 2019, Nintendo released "Super Mario World" on their Nintendo Switch Online service as a launch title . Reception. Nintendo has sold 20.61 million copies of the game worldwide, making it the best-selling game for the SNES. In the United States, "Super Mario Advance2" for the Game Boy Advance sold 2.5 million copies and earned $74million in revenue by August 2006. During the period between January 2000 and August 2006, it became the second highest-selling portable game in the United States. "Super Mario World" received critical and commercial acclaim. Review aggregator GameRankings ranks "Super Mario World" as the seventeenth highest-rated game of all time with an aggregate score of 94% based on nine reviews . The visuals and presentation were two of the most praised aspects of the game. After its release, Rob Swan of "Computer and Video Games" noted that the graphics were an excellent example of what the then-new SNES was capable of, while in the same review, Paul Glancey similarly remarked that the visuals were stunning, and he was grateful the game came free with the console. Four reviewers echoed this in "Electronic Gaming Monthly," but commented that the game took little advantage of the SNES's capabilities compared to other games available for the system. Retrospective reviewers agreed the game 's visuals were still of a high quality. Karn Bianco from "Cubed3" enjoyed the game's relaxed visual style, and praised Nintendo for keeping everything "nice and simple" designing a game perfect for children. "IGN"'s Lucas Thomas heralded the game as a significant leap over the visuals of the 8-bit era, but in retrospect felt it did not distinguish itself from being a graphically-upgraded continuation of its predecessor, "Super Mario Bros.3". In contrast, Frédéric Goyon of Jeuxvideo.com thought the game brought out the full potential of the SNES (albeit less so than "Donkey Kong Country"), and Nadia  Oxford from "USGamer" also felt the game was a less rigid version of its predecessor. "AllGame"s Skyler Miller and Alex Navarro of "GameSpot" both praised the game's well-drawn characters, colourful visuals and pleasing animation. Morgan Sleeper of "Nintendo Life" said "Super Mario World" was the "graphical holy grail" that retro-styled games aspire to, and he insisted that its design holds up well today. Critics commended the game's replay value and unique gameplay in comparison to older "Super Mario" games. Four reviewers in "Electronic Gaming Monthly" praised the game's number of secrets and diversity among its  levels, expressing appreciation that Nintendo did not recycle assets from "Super Mario Bros.3". Swan and Glancey enjoyed the addictive gameplay and the vast number of levels, while Dan Whitehead of "Eurogamer" lauded the game's divergence from linear platforming and asserted that "Super Mario World" was an evolutionary leap for gaming in general. Likewise, Goyon appreciated the option of being able to finish the game by using alternative routes. Bianco opined that the game was "one of the smoothest platformers in existence" while Thomas thought its "masterful" and innovative level design enhanced the overall experience. Navarro similarly felt the game  featured some of the best and most challenging levels the series has offered thus far, saying "nothing about the game feels out of place or superfluous". Miller considered the game's overall length to be its strongest aspect, while Oxford thought "Super Mario World"s gameplay could be both straightforward and complex, owing to the myriad of secrets the game contained. In retrospect, Sleeper believed the game's biggest achievement was its level design, calling it an "unrivalled master class" with a constant sense of momentum. The game's audio was also well received by critics. Swan believed the game utilised  the SNES' PCM chip to its fullest potential, and both he and Glancey agreed that the game's sound effects were "mindblowing". Thomas labelled the soundtrack "another one of Koji Kondo's classics," but in hindsight remarked that it was not as memorable as his earlier work. Goyon praised the originality of the game's soundtrack, and thought the technical contribution of the SNES allowed players to enjoy a "globally magnificent" composition. Both Goyon and Jason Schreier of "Kotaku" felt its rhythmic sound effects were important and helped to reinforce the game's atmosphere. Miller liked "Super Mario World"s upbeat  music, and particularly enjoyed the echoing sound effects heard when Mario was undergrounda sentiment shared by other reviewers. Both Sleeper and Navarro wrote that the game featured the best music in the entire "Super Mario" series, with Sleeper praising Kondo's "timeless" soundtrack and memorable melodies. Awards. The game received 1991 Game of the Year awards from "Nintendo Power" and "Power Play". Many retrospective critics declared "Super Mario World" one of the greatest video games of all time. In 2009, a poll conducted by "Empire" voted it "the greatest game of all time". In its final issue in October 2014 , "Official Nintendo Magazine" ranked "Super Mario World" the third-greatest Nintendo game of all time, behind "" and "Super Mario Galaxy". In 2012, "Nintendo Power" similarly named "Super Mario World" the fifth greatest game of all time, a step up from its eighth best ranking in their 2006 poll. The game has appeared on several "best video games of all time" lists such as those from "Electronic Gaming Monthly", "Game Informer", "Retro Gamer" and "GameSpot". In 2007, "Retro Gamer" ranked it as the best platform game of all time, while "USgamer" listed it as the best "Super Mario" platform game ever  in 2015. Legacy. As a pack-in game for the SNES, "Super Mario World" helped popularise the console, and became the best-selling game of its generation. Shigeru Miyamoto has said that "Super Mario World" is his favourite "Mario" game. Yoshi became one of the most important characters in the "Mario" franchise, re-appearing in later "Super Mario" games and in nearly all "Mario" sports and spin-off games. Yoshi appears as the main playable character in "Super Mario World"s 1995 prequel "Super Mario World2: Yoshi's Island", which helped lead to multiple video games focused on the character. A  Super Mario World clone, "Super Mario's Wacky Worlds", was in development for the Philips CD-i device by NovaLogic from 1992 to 1993, but was cancelled because of the console's commercial failure. In a poll conducted in 2008, Yoshi was voted as the third-favourite video game character in Japan, with Cloud Strife and Mario placing second and first. DIC Entertainment produced an animated series of the same name, consisting of thirteen episodes, which ran on NBC from September to December 1991. "Super Mario World" has a large ROM hacking scene, with fans using applications such as Lunar  Magic to create levels and insert new graphics, music, and mechanics; "Kaizo Mario World" is notable for being featured in many Let's Play videos and popularizing the word "Kaizo" to signify hacks of extreme difficulty. In a similar way, "Super Mario World" is one of the four games whose assets are available in "Super Mario Maker", a custom level creator released for the Wii U in 2015, and in its 2019 sequel. The latter adds new ice and nighttime themes for "Super Mario World" levels accompanied by new music composed by Kondo.