Upper Telemark
Upper Telemark () is a Norwegian region comprising the inland of the traditional district Telemark in Vestfold og Telemark county. More than two thirds of the total area of Telemark, or above 10,000 square kilometres, belong to the traditional region of Upper Telemark. Conversely, Lower Telemark refers to the more densely populated, flatter coastal area of Grenland and traditionally also includes Central Telemark. Upper Telemark has a varied and often scenic landscape, with many hills, mountains, valleys and lakes. Upper Telemark was originally known simply as Telemark and is named for the Thelir (Old Norse: "Þilir"), the ancient North  Germanic tribe that inhabited what is now called Upper Telemark and Numedal in the Migration Period and the Viking Age. Upper Telemark is known for its folk traditions within music, clothing, handcrafts, food and architecture. The region is also distinctly marked by its dialect of Norwegian. The district is also conventionally divided into Vest-Telemark and Aust-Telemark, with Vest-Telemark consisting of Vinje, Tokke, Seljord, Fyresdal, Kviteseid, Nissedal, and Aust-Telemark consisting of Hjartdal, Notodden and Tinn. Whereas Lower Telemark was traditionally dominated by the burghers of the cities, Upper Telemark was for centuries dominated by a close-knit  aristocracy of officials comprised by a handful of families which monopolized the state and church offices in the region, notably the families Paus, Blom, Ørn and Morland. Etymology. The Old Norse form of the name was "Þelamörk" or "Þilamörk". The first element; "Þilir" was the name of the inhabitants, and is assumed to be connected with "Þelli" (pine). The last element "mörk" means forest or march. History. Administrative history. Traditionally, the term Telemark only referred to this area and Numedal. In 1200, the current Upper Telemark and Grenland were merged into Skiens syssel, which later became Bratsbergs amt, and is  the current county of Telemark. Upper Telemark comprises a provostship in the state Church of Norway, Upper Telemark provostship (), which now comprises 12 municipalities and more than 80% of Telemark (more than 12,000 square kilometres), making it one of the largest provostships in Norway. The provostship has existed since the middle ages, but was partitioned in two in 1838, before being reunified in 2015. Upper Telemark has also been a judicial district ("sorenskriveri"). The border between Upper Telemark and Grenland has long been discussed among philologists. In an old travel book about the county, A.L. Coll has written that the  border is defined by the mountainous cleft, that is formed by the lakes Bolkesjø, Ørvella, Øverbø-moen, Seljordvatnet, Flåvatn and Fjågesund or Bjårvatn.