Kastamonu
Kastamonu is the capital district of the Kastamonu Province, Turkey. According to the 2000 census, population of the district is 102,059 of which 64,606 live in the urban center of Kastamonu. (Population of the urban center in 2010 is 91,012.) The district covers an area of , and the town lies at an elevation of . It is located to the south of the province. History. The city is believed to have been founded in the 18th century BC. The town was known as "Timonion" (Τιμόνιον in Greek) during the Roman period. The change of name of the town dates to  the tenth century AD. Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, a prominent general and the father of the Byzantine emperor Isaac I Komnenos, was given lands around Kastamonu by Emperor Basil II and built a fortress there named "Kastra Komnenon" (Κάστρα Κομνηνῶν). Manuel came to the notice of Basil II because of his defence, in 978, of Nicaea against the rebel Bardas Skleros. The name "Kastra Komnenon" was shortened to "Kastamone", and later turkified to Kastamoni and Kastamonu. Ibn Battuta visited the city, noting it as "one of the largest and finest cities, where commodities are abundant and prices low." He stayed here  forty days. The famous Sufi saint of the city is Shaykh Shaban Veli ("Şaban-ı Veli" in Turkish, d. 976 AH/1569 AD). The Dress Code Revolution of Kemal Atatürk started on August 23, 1925, at Kastamonu. Atatürk made his historical speech concerning the "Hat and Dress Revolution" during his visit to Kastamonu in 1925 in the Republican People's Party building. The building is now used as the Archeological Museum of Kastamonu. The possessions used by Atatürk in his Kastamonu visit are also exhibited in the museum. Cuisine. Typical country fare in Kastamonu includes a quick rose jam made with  sugared water, citric acid and "gül mayası" - the latter is a preparation of culinary-grade rose petals with sugar and citric acid that preserves them and brings out their flavor and fragrance. Homemade hot sauce is made by simmering grated tomato, garlic, Turkish red pepper, hot peppers, sunflower oil, salt and pepper on the stove. Sweet "katmer" is made by preparing a simple unleavened dough of flour, salt and water that is smeared with a tahini and sunflower oil mixture as it is folded. Breakfast might include farm made cheese, olives, pekmez, fried potatoes, rose jam homemade hot sauce, eggs  served hot in the pan (called "sahanda yumurta"), folded unleavened bread called "katmer", fresh farm milk and black tea. A speciality of Taşköprü, Kastamonu is freshly slaughtered whole lamb slow-cooked over the glowing embers of wood in a sealed, airtight "well" — this regional specialty is called "kuyu kebabı" in Turkish. A little water added to a tray ensures that steam keeps the meat moist throughout the cooking process. Economic history. In the early 20th century, nickel was mined in the area around Kastamonu. Education. Kastamonu is home to Kastamonu University, which was established in 2006 by incorporating existing colleges , schools, and institutes that were previously under Ankara University and Gazi University. Notable high schools in Kastamonu are: "Abdurrahman Paşa Lisesi", also known as Kastamonu Lisesi, the first modern high school that was established in Anatolia in late Ottoman Empire. Kastamonu Mustafa Kaya Lisesi, an Anatolian high school, one of the most successful high schools in Turkey outside Istanbul, Ankara and İzmir. Climate. Kastamonu has a humid continental climate (Köppen: "Dfb, Trewartha: Dc") with cold winters and warm summers. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with a noticeable increase during spring. Transport. The main bus station has bus links  to most major Turkish cities. Kastamonu Airport is active. Kastamonu is also the main railroad endpoint for the West Black Sea region.