Schneider Kreuznach
Schneider Kreuznach () is the abbreviated name of the company Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH, which is sometimes also simply referred to as Schneider. They are a manufacturer of industrial and photographic optics. The company was founded on 18 January 1913 by Joseph Schneider as Optische Anstalt Jos. Schneider & Co. at Bad Kreuznach in Germany. The company changed its name to Jos. Schneider & Co., Optische Werke, Kreuznach in 1922, and to the current Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH in 1998. In 2001, Schneider received an Oscar for Technical Achievement for their Super-Cinelux motion picture lenses. It is best  known as manufacturers of large format lenses for view cameras, enlarger lenses, and photographic loupes. It also makes a limited amount of small- and medium-format lenses, and has at various times manufactured eyeglasses and camera rangefinders, as well as being an OEM lens maker for Kodak and Samsung digital cameras. It has supplied the lenses for various LG devices and the BlackBerry Priv. It also supplied the lenses for the Kodak Regent camera in the 1930s and other classic cameras such as certain models of the Rolleiflex starting in the 1940s, the Kodak Retina and Kodak Retinette camera series  in the 1950s and 1960s, and certain specialty lenses for Hasselblad. In 1961, it created Feinwerktechnik GmbH, a manufacturer of electrical-hydraulic servo valves. In recent years, it has acquired several other companies: From the start of its production in 1914, Schneider had produced their 500,000th lens by June 1932, its millionth by November 1936, and its 10 millionth lens by January 1967. As of April 2000, it had produced over 14,730,000 lenses. The list below converts any cm designations on earlier lenses to mm (so a 16.5 cm lens is shown as a 165 mm lens). Small format lenses . C-Curtagon. A very small lens, available in M42 screw mount. PA-Curtagon. A perspective-control lens of 7 elements in 6 groups for 35mm cameras, which allows shifting of up to 7 mm, in an axis defined by a separate rotating ring on the lens. The PA-Curtagon is available in Praktica (M42), Exakta, Alpa-Reflex, Leica R, Minolta, Miranda, Canon, Nikon, Contarex, and Olympus OM mounts. It was also available for Rollei QBM mount under the name PC-Curtagon. Radionar. A 3-element, 3-group design with a minimum aperture of f/22. 35mm f 4.0 with  a minimum aperture of f/22. Lens is the same as Curtagon version, only serial numbers are earlier. Reomar. A 3-element, 3-group design with a minimum aperture of f/22. A 9/4 wide-angle lens with a minimum aperture of f/22 An update of the f/4.0 model, with an 8/4 design and slightly increased sharpness. Super-Angulon R. A 10/8 wide-angle lens with a minimum aperture of f/22. PC-Super-Angulon. A 28 mm f/2.8 shift lens with 67EW filter thread and a lens shade with filter holder for 74R rimless filters and M92x1.00 filter ring. Many user-changeable  mechanically-only mount modules available from Schneider Kreuznach. Also available as Leica PC-Super-Angulon R 28 mm f/2.8 with Leica R mount. Can be modified from a shift-only lens to a tilt-only lens by the German company. Variogon. The first variable-focal-length lens with fixed back focal distance for 35 mm cameras, introduced in 1964. These lenses were available with 19 interchangeable mounts (loosen two screws and replace with a different mount). The mounts each have a small number on them and equate as follows: Production of the 80–240 mm f/4 is said to be approximately  250 units, the 45–100 mm f/2.8 about 57 units. The 80–240 is split amongst two different variants. Xenagon. 4 elements in 3 groups of genre "Wide Angle Tessar" Xenar. The Xenar uses a Tessar type optical formula, originally designed by Paul Rudolph for Zeiss (4 elements in 3 groups, with the rear element consisting of a cemented doublet). The formula could only be used by Schneider Kreuznach after the original 1902 Tessar patent had expired in 1919. Many other famous lenses with large production runs were based on this formula (e.g. Leitz Elmar, Voigtländer Skopar, Kodak Ektar). Xenogon. A wide -angle of type Xenon. 7 elements in 5 groups. Xenon. Designed in 1925 by Tronnier, it is an asymmetrical derivative of the classical double-Gauss design. Medium format lenses. Variogon. The Variogon is a zoom lens. PCS Super-Angulon. PCS stands for "Perspective Control, Scheimpflug", which indicates that this is a tilt and shift version of the Super-Angulon. This lens will shift up to 12 mm up/10 mm down, and tilt up to 10°, all in the vertical axis. Leaf Shutter. The Leaf Shutter lenses are designed for the Phase One (company) 645 camera platform. APO-DIGITAR. PC -TS APO-DIGITAR for Mamiya / Phase One. Same lens is available as LEICA TS-APO-ELMAR-S 1:5,6/120 mm ASPH for Leica S. It is a tilt–shift lens. Large format lenses. Schneider's line of large format lenses has a reputation for high-quality construction and durability, and all lenses carry a lifetime warranty. Some of the higher-end lenses of the Schneider line are among the most expensive optics available in large format photography. Angulon. Introduced in 1930, the Angulon is the original Schneider wide-angle lens line. It is a 6-element, 2-group, symmetric anastigmat design  somewhat related to the Goerz Dagor. Compared to many modern wide angles, they are quite compact, though the angle of coverage is only 80°, although an early catalogue from 1934 lists this series as having an angle of view of 105° (it is unclear as to the test-conditions or what is deemed an acceptable result). They are color-corrected reasonably well, but suffer from significant softening of the image close to the edge of the circle of illumination. Only the outer elements are supported by the mount, the inner elements are mounted by cementing to the outer  elements. For this reason they are prone to "slippage", especially if stored "on end" in hot climates. Coverage of 90-210mm at f/11 A catalogue from 1934 also proclaims the Angulon f/6.8 series as a convertible anastigmat: "...the components of which can be used separately and give two different foci". When the elements are used separately, their focal lengths are approximately x1.5 for the Rear and x2 for the Front, the narrower aperture results in the need for 2x and 4x longer exposures, respectively. Super-Angulon. These are wide-angle lenses which have been developed in several steps. The  Super-Angulons are Biogon designs, making for huge, heavy lenses, but also giving very generous angles of coverage. The f/4 lenses give 95° of coverage, the f/8 models give 100°, and the f/5.6 units give a 105° coverage angle. The f/4 and f/5.6 lenses are 8-element, 4-group designs, while the f/8 lenses are older 6-element, 4-group, symmetrical designs. Coating technologies improved along the production life of these lenses, and recent Super-Angulons are multicoated. Super-Angulon XL. This is an update of the Super-Angulon lens design, incorporating modern glass and multicoating technologies , and an expanded angle of coverage. Symmar. The Symmar is one of the original Schneider designs, introduced in 1920, and is still relevant and used today. They have a 6-element, 4-group, symmetric design, and give a 70° angle of coverage. The f/5.6 series of lenses are "convertible", meaning that by removing one of the lens cells the user creates a 3 element lens of longer focal length than the complete lens. The resulting 3 element lens has a narrower aperture of f/12 and an angle of view of 40°. These lenses have two aperture markings, one  in white for the complete lens and one in green for the converted lens. When "converted" the resulting 3 element lens will produce softer images than the complete lens. Coverage of the f/6.8-series at "small stop" Symmar-S. The Symmar-S is an incremental improvement to the original Symmar design, adding multicoating to the feature set. The lens is not symmetric like its predecessor and is not convertible. The available focal lengths are slightly different, with the subtraction of the 80 mm, and addition of a 120 mm and two 480 mm lenses of varying speeds. Apo-Symmar. This  is a 6-element, 4-group apochromatic lens design, which has since been replaced by the Apo-Symmar L-Series. Using low-dispersion glass and multicoating techniques, secondary-spectrum reflections have been greatly reduced. The Apo-Symmar lenses up to 360 mm have a 72° angle of coverage, and the 480 mm lenses give a 56° angle. Apo-Symmar L-Series. This is a redesign of the Apo-Symmar line, using new environmentally friendly glass compositions and incorporating slightly more coverage. These are 6-element, 4-group apochromatic lenses with a 75° angle of coverage. Super-Symmar  HM. These are 8-element, 6-group variations of the Symmar line, which feature an 80° angle of coverage. The HM in the name indicates that these lenses use high-modulation glass elements. Super-Symmar XL. These are wide-angle lenses of a 6-element, 5-group aspheric design, which give a 105° angle of coverage. These lenses are also heavily corrected for chromatic aberrations, and are physically more compact than other wide-angle lenses of similar focal lengths. Xenar. Schneider's inexpensive, classic Xenar asymmetrical, anastigmatic, 4-element, 3-group lens design was introduced in 1919, and  is largely unchanged from the original Zeiss Tessar formula. They feature an angle of coverage of 60–62°. Tele-Xenar. An inexpensive 4-element, 2-group telephoto lens design featuring 35° of coverage. The 1000 mm lenses, by comparison, give only an 18° angle of coverage, but require even less focal distance than other telephoto designs (slightly more than 1/2 the effective focal length, as opposed to about 2/3 for a normal tele lens). Apo-Tele-Xenar. These are apochromatic telephoto lenses using a 5-element variation of the Tele-Xenar design. They can be used on subjects  as close as 2 meters without a loss of resolution, and are painted a non-reflective flat grey to reduce thermal absorption and expansion under sunlight or hot studio lights. The 400 mm Compact model is half the length and 70% the weight of the normal Apo-Tele-Xenar 400 mm lens. The 350 mm compact model is actually not a tele-design but a dialyte; however it is called the Apo Tele Xenar 350 Compact. Xenotar. A 5-element, 4-group design, giving a 60° angle of coverage. These are fast lenses compared to other lens designs of  similar focal length, but with somewhat less coverage. Tele-Arton. The Tele-Arton is a telephoto design. Earlier f/4 and f/5.5 models are 5 elements in 4 groups. The 250 mm f/5.6 is a modern multicoated 5-element, 5-group lens. All models have a 35° angle of coverage. Fine-Art XXL. The Fine-Art XXL line is designed for ultra-large format shooting, covering 20×24 inches. Both lenses are large and heavy, but are designed with exceptional image quality and a huge 900 mm circle of coverage in mind. The 550 mm lens is a 6/2 construction, giving  78° of coverage, while the 1100 mm lens is 4/4 with 45.7° of coverage. Both lenses are mounted in a Copal 3 shutter, and the longer lens is also available in a barrel mount with Waterhouse stops, if the faster f/14 version is desired. Isconar. One of Schneider's original lens designs, a symmetric double gauss design, introduced in 1914. Also known as the "Jsconar", the lens branding refers to "Joseph Schneider & Company -nar" Radiogon. A 4-element, 4-group design. Digital lenses. Digitar. The Digitar lenses are designed for use with digital imaging view camera systems, offering  focal lengths ideal for the imaging area of digital backs, which are typically smaller than standard sheet film sizes. Digitar lenses also allow excellent results with film as well as digital imagers. WA-Digitar. The WA-Digitar is a wide angle lens designed for use with digital imaging systems. M-Digitar. The M-Digitars are macro lenses offering 1:1 magnification, designed for use with digital imaging systems. They may also be used with good result with film cameras. Copy and macro lenses. Claron. One of the original lens designs. C-Claron. The C-Claron, or Copy-Claron, is a family  of lenses designed for 1:1 reproduction. The f/4.5 lenses are 4 elements in 3 or 4 groups, the f/5.6 are a 6/4 design, and the f/8 is 8/4. All were supplied from the factory in barrel mount. D-Claron. The D-Claron (Dokumentations-Claron) is a lens family designed for copying of documents onto microfilm. G-Claron. The Grafik-Clarons are 6-element, 4-group, symmetrical plasmat-type lenses with a 64° angle of coverage, designed for 1:1 flat-field reproduction, but can be used as macro lenses at magnifications up to 5:1 as well. It is recommended to  stop down to at least than f/22 for use at infinity. They are available in barrel mount, as well as mounted in shutters. Coverage listed at 1:1 G-Claron WA. A wide-angle process lens with 4 elements in 4 groups, optimized for reproduction ratios between 2:1 and 1:2. The 270 mm lens has an angle of coverage of 72°, the 240 mm has 80°, and the 210 mm has 86°, which give these lenses gigantic image circles, though the image softens considerably near the edges of coverage. Repro-Claron. The Repro-Claron is a line of  4-element, 4-group lenses optimized for 1:1 reproduction ratios, but still usable at infinity. The f/9 lenses also have a slot for between-the-lens filtration or Waterhouse stops, the latter of which are available in f/128, f/180, and f/260. Apo-Artar. Apo-Artar lenses are an apochromatic symmetrical 4-element design, which is optimized for 1:1 reproduction. These lenses give 46° of coverage up to 480mm, 40° in 890-1065mm, and 38° in 1205mm. Coverage listed at 1:1. Apo-Artar HM. Apo-Artar HM lenses are an apochromatic symmetrical 6-element design , which is optimized for 1:1 reproduction. The HM in the name indicates that these lenses use high-modulation glass elements. Macro-Symmar HM. The Macro-Symmar HM is a variation of the Symmar design, engineered for 1:1 macro work and flat-field copying. The 80 mm is a 6-element, 4-group lens with a 47° angle of coverage, while the other lenses in the line are 8-element, 4-group designs with 55° of coverage. The HM in the name indicates that these lenses use high-modulation glass elements. M-Componon. The M-Componon is a special -purpose macro (makro) lens, designed for greater than 1:1 reproduction. Variomorphot. A process lens with 12 elements in 8 groups and a fixed aperture, optimized for a 1:1 reproduction ratio. It has the capability of altering the aspect ratio of the image by up to 8% without any image degradation. Enlarger lenses. These lenses are designed for work with a photographic enlarger. They have barrel mounts and many current models feature glow-in-the-dark aperture scales. Componar. This is the original Schneider line of enlarging lenses, introduced in 1914. Optical designs are 3 elements in 3 groups. Componar-C.  A 3-element, 3-group line of enlarging lenses, optimized for enlargements up to 8×. Componar-S. This was the original high-end enlarging lens line, the Componar-Satz. This is the currently available low-end enlarging lens line. They are 4-element, 3-group designs, and optimized for enlargements in the 6×-10× range. Comparon. A middle-grade (but still very good quality) line of enlarging optics. They are 4-element, 3-group, Tessar-based designs, and optimized for enlargements in the 2×-6× range. Componon. The Componon is a high-quality enlarging lens line. These models have been largely superseded  by the Componon-S units, though a few Componon lenses are still manufactured today. Optical designs are 6 elements in 4 groups, and they are optimized for >10× enlargements. Componon-S. These are high quality enlarger lenses which are updated versions of the Componon line. Most are 6-element, 4-group lenses except for the 50mm F2.8 which was originally released as a 5-element, 4-group design but which changed (from serial number ...?) to a 6-element, 4-group design. They are corrected for flatness of field, contrast, and color rendition. WA-Componon. A 6-element, 4 -group line of wide-angle enlarging lenses. G-Componon. A 6-element, 4-group line of lenses optimized for enlargements above 20×. APO-Componon HM. These are 6-element, 4-group apochromatic enlarger lenses, using high-modulation glass elements, designed for critical color rendition and precision industrial applications. Betavaron. The Betavaron is a zoom enlarging lens for 35 mm film. The relative positions of the negative, paper easel, and lens remain fixed, while the magnification setting of the lens is changed to alter the degree of enlargement. The design is 11 elements. The Betavaron 3...10, the base model, is  limited to 3.1–10× magnification, with a maximum aperture of f/4.1-f/5.6 (the aperture changes slightly with the magnification). Adding a supplementary −0.9 diopter lens turns the unit into a Betavaron 5,3...17, and changes the magnification range to 5.3–17×, and the maximum aperture to f/5.4-f/5.7. Motion picture lenses. Schneider produced its first cinema projection lenses in 1915. Super-Cinelux. A range of projection lenses for 35mm and 70mm motion picture film with an aperture of f/2. ES Super-Cinelux 2X. Available as either anamorphic converters for prime lenses longer than 42.5 mm, or as standalong anamorphic projection  lenses, in focal lengths from 42.5 mm to 100 mm. Super-35-Cinelux. The Super-35-Cinelux is a line of projection lenses designed for 35 mm film. Lenses of 55 mm focal length and shorter are 7 elements, and 60 and longer are 6, with no cemented surfaces to avoid any possible damage due to heat. Cinelux-Première. A projection lens incorporating aspheric elements to correct for spherical aberration. They feature a variable aperture with an aperture range from f/1.7 to f/4. These are available in normal or anamorphic models. Cine-Xenon. A 6-element double gauss lens. Note that some  Xenon formula lenses sold for motion picture use are marked 'Xenon' rather than 'Cine-Xenon'. Cine-Xenon also refers to projection lenses of the same design. For 16mm Vario-Cine-Xenon. A variable-focal-length projection lens for 35mm slides. PC Cine-Xenon. A 6-element projection lens for 35mm slides with perspective control, to eliminate problems with cross-fading multiple projectors. Prolux. Long focal-length projection lenses for 35mm slides. Vario-Prolux. Variable-focal-length projection lenses for 35mm slides. Variogon. A variable-focal-length lens of 13 elements in 9 groups, originally introduced  in 1959, after two years of development.