Toyota concept vehicles (1990–1999)
TownAce Van EV (1991). The TownAce Van EV is a battery-electric prototype of the R20 series TownAce. Avalon (1991). Unveiled in 1991, at the 29th Tokyo Auto Show, the Avalon was a concept vehicle designed by Calty. It was a 4-door convertible where the windshield would retract and cover the passenger compartment when the vehicle was parked and secured. It could only be driven with the top open with the roof serving as the windshield, with two additional glass panels that would retract rearward and stack behind the rear seats. It was roughly the  size of the Toyota Corolla Ceres. The doors were not installed with side windows which means in inclement weather the passengers were exposed, in a similar fashion to touring car bodystyles of the early 1900s. It did not appear to have any direct relation to the Avalon sedan that was later placed into production. AXV-III (1991). The AXV-III was a concept vehicle first shown at the October 1991 Tokyo Motor Show and later shown at the February 1993 Chicago Auto Show. Based on the new Carina, it demonstrated automated driver aids such as vehicle-to-vehicle distance maintenance  and a voice synthesiser that gave instructions for upcoming intersections. The AXV-III cruise control maintained vehicle-to-vehicle distance. Distances over 33 feet were measured by a pulsed laser beam. Distances under 33 feet were measured by a CCD camera using techniques similar to a camera's auto-focus. The usual accelerator linkage was replaced by an electronic version so that the computer could slow the car down automatically by removing power and activating the brakes when the car in front came too close. A voice activated GPS system displayed the current location on a display while additional safety  was supplied by two door mounted airbags. AXV-IV (1991). The AXV-IV was a concept vehicle first shown at the October 1991 Tokyo Motor Show. It is a small coupe designed to be an environmentally friendly personal commuter. The AXV-IV is extremely light, weighing only . It is powered by an 804 cc supercharged two-stroke engine, rated at . The car also utilized light-weight FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) coil springs. The AXV-IV is now on display at the Toyota Automobile Museum. Fun Runner (1991). The Toyota Fun Runner is a 1991 concept produced by Toyota at the  29th Tokyo Motor Show. It is based on the Toyota 4Runner. Toyota demonstrated its unflagging commitment to people-friendly car-making for the 21st century that harmonized with society and the earth's environment. It is made to be a luxury sport utility vehicle. AXV-V (1993). The AXV-V was a concept vehicle first shown at the October 1993 Tokyo Motor Show. It is a mid-size coupe designed to be an environmentally friendly, fuel efficient family car. The AXV-V was extremely aerodynamically efficient, with . To achieve this while still being able to seat four people, the cabin  was longer and further forward than normal. Aerodynamic deflectors were used before and after each wheel and the rear wheels had covers. The door handles were made flush with the body. Power came from the D-4. This was a direct injection, four valve engine, which avoided the pumping losses of using a throttle. Control was by charge stratification at low to medium loads and by homogeneous mixture control at high loads. At low loads, one of the inlet valves was disabled. There were two 8 inch LCD screen in the front and two 6 inch LCD screens in the rear . The driver's screen showed a three-dimensional speedometer and collision-avoidance information. The passenger screens showed navigational and a TV monitor. Crown Majesta EV (1993). The Crown Majesta EV was introduced in 1993. It is based on the S140 series Crown Majesta. It includes all the same features as the Crown S140, but being battery-powered. ASV (1995). Toyota produced the first ASV (Advanced Safety Vehicle) in 1995. It includes 17 safety systems: Drowsy Driving Warning System, Tyre Pressure Warning System, Fire Alarm System, Automatic Headlight Arrangement System, Corner Monitor System, Next-Generation Information Display System, Lamp-Based Intervehicle  Information, Transmission System, Navigation System for Road Traffic Information, Automatic Collision-Reduction Braking System, SOS Vehicle Stop System, Seat Belt Pretensioner System (all seats), Side Air Bag System, Collision-Sensing Automatic Braking System, Hood Air Bag System, Fire Extinguishing System, Accident Reporting System, and a Drive Recorder System. It is built on a Toyota Sprinter base, and can seat 4 people. FLV (1995). The FLV (Future Luxury Vehicle) was a concept vehicle built by Toyota. It was first shown at the October 1995 Tokyo Motor Show as the Toyota FLV and then at the January 1996 North American International Auto  Show as the Lexus FLV. The exterior design was by Toyota USA's Calty Design Research. The FLV was designed to be luxurious and also practical for an active lifestyle by having a large cargo compartment access by a rear hatch. The side windows are shaped like ordinary sedan windows but the roofline is closer to that of a wagon. Toyota called the shape a "monoform oval silhouette'. The seat height was chosen so that the passenger's legs could swing out onto the ground without having to shift their body up (as in a normal sedan) or down (as  in an SUV). An electronic centre console in the dash housed accessories such as a navigation display, air conditioning controls, the entertainment system and email (connected to a cell phone network). The 2005 Toyota FT-SX concept vehicle fulfilled a similar purpose. Fun Runner II (1995). The Second Fun Runner. Produced in 1995. Added additional off-road options. MRJ (1995). The Toyota MRJ is a concept convertible made by Toyota in 1995. Toyota says, "At Toyota, we know exactly what a sports car should be: responsive to the driver's every command, quick off the mark, and nimble on a  twisty road. We've always felt the midship engine design was the best way to meet all those goals, and ensure unprecedented comfort. The Toyota MRJ has all the sportscar characteristics a midship engine car can offer, plus extra utility that lets you add sporty driving to your everyday life. Enthusiasts today want the joy of a sports cars with a personal touch-with individualist form and colouring. The Toyota MRJ fits the bill perfectly." Hybrid Electric Bus (1995). The Hybrid Electric Bus was a petrol-electric hybrid concept vehicle built by Toyota and first shown at the October 1995  Tokyo Motor Show. It was based on the Coaster bus and was operated the same as a normal small bus. The 1.3 L engine generated , which was fed to a bank of 24×12V sealed lead acid batteries. The batteries then supplied power to a / AC induction electric motor. Top speed was . A regenerative braking system was fitted. The display vehicle had 14 ordinary seats, could hold one extra passenger in a wheelchair and was fitted with a wheelchair lifter. Moguls (1995). The Moguls was a 4WD concept vehicle built by Toyota and first shown at the October 1995 Tokyo Motor  Show. It was a narrow 2-seater designed to provide access to forest areas that are not accessible by conventional 4WD vehicles. The driver sat in the centre of the front row with a large, almost horizontal steering wheel. Visibility was enhanced by a large front window, small windows in the lower sections of the doors, a low instrument panel and powered external mirrors. The single passenger sat behind and to the right of the driver. A single large door was used on the right hand side and a small door was used on the left hand side (driver access  only). A light, open cargo area was provided at the rear. Each wheel could also be raised and lowered independently by up to 500mm so that the vehicle could remain level at all times or so that the vehicle could be raised to clear stumps and large rocks. Each wheel was automatically adjusted to keep equal pressure on all wheels - helping to maintain grip. For extremely rough ground, the wheels could be replaced by 4 individual caterpillar tracks - the front tracks were steerable to lessen damage to the ground. Conventional drive shafts allow only a limited height range. Instead , the engine was connected to two hydraulic pumps (one for each side) that used pipes to drive individual hydraulic motors in each wheel. The hydraulic transmission could use three sets of valves to provide 2WD/4WD selection by disconnecting the front motors, LSD functionality by locking the left and right hydraulic circuits together or to make tighter turning circles by providing less power to the inner wheels. To go down steep slopes, a low range could be used that did not require the driver to directly control the accelerator or brakes, allowing him to concentrate on outside conditions. Funcargo (1997). The  Funcargo was a concept vehicle designed at Toyota's EPOC studio by Sotiris Kovos as part of the NBC (New Basic Car) Funcars project. Rendering was done at D3 Marquettes Prototypes in France and Stola Spa and Forum in Italy. The Funcargo (one word) was shown at the September 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show and the October 1997 Tokyo Motor Show and put into production in late 1998 as the Fun Cargo (two words). The mechanicals and chassis were shared with the Funcoupe and the Funtime. Funcoupe (1997). The Funcoupe was a concept vehicle designed at Toyota's EPOC studio by  Sotiris Kovos as part of the NBC (New Basic Car) Funcars project. Rendering was done at D3 Marquettes Prototypes in France and Stola Spa and Forum in Italy. The Funcoupe was shown at the September 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show and the October 1997 Tokyo Motor Show but was not put into production. The mechanicals and chassis were shared with the Funcargo and the Funtime. FCEV (1997). The Toyota FCEV is a fuel cell vehicle, using methanol to drive. It was introduced in 1997. It is based on the Toyota FCHV and the Toyota Highlander. FCHV-1 (1997). The FCHV-1 (Fuel Cell  Hybrid Vehicle 1) was the first prototype vehicle built by Toyota in its Fuel Cell Vehicle program. It was based on the Highlander. Funtime (1997). The Funtime was a concept vehicle designed at Toyota's EPOC studio by Sotiris Kovos as part of the NBC (New Basic Car) Funcars project. Rendering was done at D3 Marquettes Prototypes in France and Stola Spa and Forum in Italy. The Funtime was shown at the September 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show and the October 1997 Tokyo Motor Show and put into production in late 1998 as the Vitz/Yaris/Echo. The mechanicals and chassis  were shared with the Funcargo and the Funcoupe. NEW (1997). The Toyota NEW, officially the Toyota NEW Concept, is a prototype 5-door crossover SUV. It was shown at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show. The NEW has dimensions of 4615 mm/1825 mm/1685 mm. NC250 (1997). The Toyota Progrès NC250 is a luxury sedan made by Toyota since 1998. A prototype was presented as the NC250 at the 32nd Tokyo Motor Show in 1997. It features a long wheelbase, short overhang, and a large cabin to allow advanced FR features and extra interior space surpassing that of FF vehicles. The exterior  has a new silhouette that gives the impression of vitality and luxury. The NC250 is mounted with an in-line, 6-cylinder, 2.5-litre petrol engine with electronic throttle control and Variable Valve Timing-intelligence (VVT-i) technology. The newly developed AI*1-Shift (cooperative shift control) extracts road configuration and positional information from the navigation system to recognize approaching comers and apply a combination of braking and downshifting for an incredibly smooth ride. Also, an antilock brake system (ABS), traction control (TRC), Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), and Brake Assist systems enhance active safety performance. The NC250's passive safety features  include a Toyota Passive Safety Body (GOA*2), dual Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) airbags, and SRS side airbags. During a side collision, a newly developed SRS curtain-shield airbag deploys from the front pillars and sides of the roof, to help reduce head impact injury. The navigation system, using a 7-inch pop-up monitor, conforms to the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS) and MONET*3, an on-line information service from Toyota. A radar cruise control helps relieve driver burden by maintaining a fixed distance from the preceding vehicle. Solara Concept (1998). The Toyota Solara Concept was made in 1998 , but entered production as the Toyota Camry Solara. The Solara convertible is a joint venture between Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada (TMMC) and ASC. The convertible is sold only in North America. It has large lower body panels, hood, and front and rear fascias. The front bucket seats are softly comfortable and supportive, and feature perforated leather surfaces for improved comfort. The driver's seat is power-adjustable, while the front passenger seat adjusts manually. The console flows into the center stack, which contains the automatic climate control system and the AM/FM/cassette/CD audio system. A 6-CD in -dash changer is built in to the dashboard. The rear seat is contoured for two passengers, and access is helped by a front passenger seat that is spring-loaded to automatically move forward when necessary. The Solara Concept has a 3.0-litre twincam V6 engine. Maximum torque is at 4400 rpm. The production convertible was offered only with an electronically-controlled four-speed automatic transmission. FCHV-2 (1999). The FCHV-2 (Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle 2) was the second prototype vehicle built by Toyota in its Fuel Cell Vehicle program. Like the FCHV-1, it was based on the Highlander. Celica Cruising Deck  (1999). The Celica Cruising Deck was a concept vehicle built by Toyota and first shown at the October 1999 Tokyo Motor Show. Based on the newly released Celica, the liftback rear was replaced with a flat deck that could be folded upright to form the vertical cushion of a rear passenger seat. The window behind the front passengers could be lowered into the divider between the front and rear cabins. This divider could then be folded down to form the lower cushion of the rear seat. The headrests for the rear passengers were folded down from the high-mounted rear  wing. This is similar to the rear decking and revealable rear seat of the 1979 CAL-1 concept vehicle. The Celica Cruising Deck was often displayed connected to a similarly styled trailer holding a Jet Ski. Toyota first displayed a Jet Ski behind a concept vehicle on the RV-1. Celica XYR (1999). The Celica XYR was a concept vehicle built by Toyota, with photos being released in early 1999. The Celica released in late 1999 closely resembled the XYR. HV-M4 (1999). The HV-M4 was a concept vehicle built by Toyota that was first shown at the October 1999 Tokyo  Motor Show, then the March 2000 Geneva Motor Show. The front wheels were powered by a petrol-hybrid system based on the first generation Prius and the rear wheels were powered by a second electric motor. NCSV (1999). The NCSV was a concept vehicle built by Toyota that was first shown at the October 1999 Tokyo Motor Show, then the March 2000 Geneva Motor Show. The body is a blend of a three-door hatchback with a 3-door wagon with seating for 5 people. The B-pillar has been removed and the C-pillar is highly slanted towards the  front of the vehicle. Retro Cruiser (1999). The Retro Cruiser was a concept vehicle built by Toyota that was first shown at the February 1999 Chicago Auto Show. It combined a modified Land Cruiser FJ40 body with the chassis and V8 engine from the Land Cruiser UZJ100.