Tall Damiyah
Tall Damiyah (also spelled Tell or Tall Damiyeh) is an Iron-age archaeological site in Jordan. It is located in the Central Jordan Valley in the governorate of Balqa and is identified by most scholars with the historical city of Adama. Tall Damiyah is nearby to, but distinct from, the Damiyah Dolmen Fields. Archaeological Excavations. Tall Damiyah is a small settlement mound with evidence of continuous occupation throughout the Iron Age, located in the flood plains of the Jordan valley. Other archaeological evidence, such as pottery sherds, indicate additional human presence during the Late Bronze Age, Persian-Hellenistic  Periods, the Byzantine Period, and the Ottoman Period. Though recognized in travel writings as early as the 19th century, large-scale archaeological investigations only began to take place since 2012. Among the finds at this site are two-headed horse-figurines dating to the Late Iron Age—common to the broader region, though somewhat more unique in the Levant specifically. Remains of at least two buildings have been investigated, including adjacent areas of differing elevations, though to be used for strategic ends by historic inhabitants. Unlike similar, nearby sites, evidence at Tall Damiyah indicates continuous occupation history during the Iron  Age. As put in a 2014 field report: "Previously unknown in Near Eastern archaeology and even beyond, this systematic sedentary occupation forces scientists to widen their geographic scope, in order to understand how these people interacted with the surrounding area. Inhabitants of the Central Jordan Valley during Iron Age II and the Persian Period were unequivocally engaged in a continuing cycle of migration, returning to previously settled sites; in other words, searching for preferred areas but leading a sedentary way of life."Archaeologists surmise that the site was a "regional and interregional cultic place of gathering." Recent excavations at Tall  Damiyah have been led by Lucas P. Petit of the Dutch National Museum of Antiquities and Zeidan Kafafi of Jordan's Yarmouk University. Studies have also included luminescence dating of Iron Age deposits.