Allen Hatcher
Allen Edward Hatcher (born October 23, 1944) is an American topologist. Biography. Hatcher was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. After obtaining his B.S from Oberlin College in 1966, he went for his graduate studies to Stanford University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1971. His thesis, "A K Obstruction for Pseudo-Isotopies", was written under the supervision of Hans Samelson. Afterwards, Hatcher went to Princeton University, where he was an NSF postdoc for a year, then a lecturer for another year, and then Assistant Professor from 1973 to 1979. He was also a member of the Institute for Advanced  Study in 1975–76 and 1979–80. Hatcher went on to become a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1977. From 1983 he has been a professor at Cornell University; he is now a professor emeritus. In 1978 Hatcher was an invited speaker at the International Congresses of Mathematicians in Helsinki. Mathematical contributions. He has worked in geometric topology, both in high dimensions, relating pseudoisotopy to algebraic K-theory, and in low dimensions: surfaces and 3-manifolds, such as proving the Smale conjecture for the 3-sphere. 3-manifolds. Perhaps among his most recognized results in 3-manifolds concern  the classification of incompressible surfaces in certain 3-manifolds and their boundary slopes. William Floyd and Hatcher classified all the incompressible surfaces in punctured-torus bundles over the circle. William Thurston and Hatcher classified the incompressible surfaces in 2-bridge knot complements. As corollaries, this gave more examples of non-Haken, non-Seifert fibered, irreducible 3-manifolds and extended the techniques and line of investigation started in Thurston's Princeton lecture notes. Hatcher also showed that irreducible, boundary-irreducible 3-manifolds with toral boundary have at most "half" of all possible boundary slopes resulting from essential surfaces. In the case  of one torus boundary, one can conclude that the number of slopes given by essential surfaces is finite. Hatcher has made contributions to the so-called theory of essential laminations in 3-manifolds. He invented the notion of "end-incompressibility" and several of his students, such as Mark Brittenham, Charles Delman, and Rachel Roberts, have made important contributions to the theory. Surfaces. Hatcher and Thurston exhibited an algorithm to produce a presentation of the mapping class group of a closed, orientable surface. Their work relied on the notion of a cut system and moves that relate any two systems. Allen