Farlowella acus
Farlowella acus is the type species of the armored catfish genus "Farlowella", which are commonly known as the twig catfish or whiptail catfish. The species name means “pointed” or a “needle” or “spine”. Distribution. "F. acus" are found in Lake Valencia and the Torito river basins. Appearance and anatomy. "F. acus" reach SL. Coloration ranges from olive-green to yellow-brown with yellowish undersides. A very distinct irregular dark band, often beset with blotches, extends from the head to the root of the tail. The fins are transparent and the rays have dark spots. Each caudal lobe is  normally with a dark band. The male's snout or rostrum is broader than the female's. When mature, the male's rostrum becomes adorned with small bristles known as odontodes. The female's thinner snouts will remain smooth at all times. Ecology. These fish feed on plants and roots. Twig catfishes spawn from between November and March. In the aquarium. "F. acus" is one of the most commonly exported species of "Farlowella" for the aquarium. Twig catfishes are peaceful and sociable bottom dwellers and can be kept in most freshwater community tanks without problems, either as a single pet  or as a group. It thrives best in a tank of at least 24 inches (60 cm) or 35 gallons, and should be provided with plenty of shelter such as bogwood pieces, vine roots, vertical twigs or slender plant stems to allow natural behavior. However, twig catfishes do not handle sudden or large amounts of water changes very well. They easily succumb to the shock of such an action. Therefore, a few small water changes per week with aged water are recommended in order to avoid stress. The water pH should be neutral with the temperature maintained between 72–77 ° F. This fragile fish should be kept in a well-filtered aquarium with other quiet tankmates such as small characins (tetras), rasboras, or "Corydoras" catfish. Aggressive fish such as barbs, cichlids, and larger catfishes should be avoided. Feeding. These fish will primarily feed on algae and vegetable laden wafers or tablets; though they might accept worms or such meatier fare, they do not do well on this type of diet. It is quite difficult to get a right balance in feeding these species because of their herbivorous preference. Breeding. Twig catfish can be induced to breed at any time, if  in good condition, in captivity. In the aquarium the male will clean a hard surface (usually the aquarium wall) and the female lays its eggs at night or early morning. The female normally lays a clutch of about 60 to 80 eggs on this surface. During the incubation period the male tends to the eggs with its mouth and by fanning them with his pectoral fins. The eggs will hatch after 6 to 10 days, depending on the temperature. Newly hatched larvae will quickly feed on any organic or plant material and micro bacteria found in an established tank but  can also be provided with cucumber, squashed peas, lettuce and courgette (zucchini) as daily supplements.