Spanish poetry
This article concerns poetry in the Spanish language. Medieval Spain. The Medieval period covers 400 years of different poetry texts and can be broken up into five categories. Primitive lyrics. Since the findings of the Kharjas, which are mainly two, three, or four verses, Spanish lyrics, which are written in Mozarabic dialect, are perhaps the oldest of Romance Europe. The Mozarabic dialect has Latin origins with a combination of Arabic and Hebrew fonts. The epic. Many parts of "Cantar de Mio Cid", "Cantar de Roncesvalles", and "Mocedades de Rodrigo" are part of the epic. The exact portion of  each of these works is disputed among scholars. The Minstrels, over the course of the 12th to the 14th centuries, were driving force of this movement. The Spanish epic likely emanated from France. There are also indications of Arabic and Visigoth. It is usually written in series of seven to eight syllables within rhyming verse. Mester de clerecía. The cuaderna vía is the most distinctive verse written in Alexandrine verse, consisting of 12 syllables. Works during the 13th century include religious, epics, historical, advice or knowledge, and adventure themes. Examples of such themes include "The Miracles of the Virgin Mary , Poema de Fernán González", "Book of Alexander", "Cato’s Examples", and "Book of Apolonio", respectively. Some works vary and are not necessarily mester de clerecía, but are reflective of it. Such poems are of a discussion nature, such as "Elena y María" and "Reason to Love". Hagiographic poems include "Life of St. María Egipciaca" and "Book of the Three Wise Men". Mature works, like "The Book of Good Love" and "Rhyming Book of the Palace", were not included in the genre until the 14th century. Collection of verse (Cancionero). During this movement, language use went from Galician-Portuguese to Castilian . Octosyllable, twelve syllables, and verse of arte mayor were becoming the footing of verses. Main themes derive from Provençal poetry. This form of poetry was generally compilations of verses formed into books, also known as cancioneros. Main works include "Cancionero de Baena", "Cancionero de Estuniga", and "Cancionero General". Other important works from this era include parts of "Dance of Death", "Dialogue Between Love and an Old Man", verses of "Mingo Revulgo", and verses of the "Baker Woman". Spanish ballads. The romanceros have no set number of octosyllables, but these poems are only parallel in this form. "Romancero Viejo" consists of  the oldest poems in these epochs, which are anonymous. The largest amount of romances comes from the 16th century, although early works were from the 14th century. Many musicians of Spain used these poems in their pieces throughout the Renaissance. Cut offs, archaic speech, and recurrent dialogue are common characteristics among these poems; however the type and focus were diverse. Lyrical romances are also a sizeable part of this era. During the 17th century, they were recycled and renewed. Some authors still stayed consistent with the original format. By the 20th century, the tradition still continued. Arabic and Hebrew poetry  during the Moorish period. During the time when Spain was occupied by the Arabs after the early 8th century, the Iberian Peninsula was influenced by the Arabic language in both the central and southern regions. Latin still prevailed in the north. The Jewish culture had its own Golden Age through the span of the 10th to 12th centuries in Spain. Hebrew poetry was usually in the style of Piyyut; however, under Muslim rule in Spain, the style changed. These poets began to write again in what was the “pure language of the Bible”. Beforehand, poems were written in Midrash. This  change was a result of the commitment the Arabs had to the Koran. Tempos and secular topics were now prevalent in Hebrew poetry. However, these poems were only reflections of events seen by the Jews and not of ones practiced themselves. The Golden Age ("El Siglo de Oro"). This epoch includes the Renaissance of the 16th century and the Baroque of the 17th century. During the Renaissance, poetry became partitioned into culteranismo and conceptismo, which essentially became rivals. During the Baroque period, Satire, Neostoicism, and Mythological themes were also prevalent. Romanticism. Germany and England were the large forces in this  movement. Over the course of the late 18th century to the late 19th century, Romanticism spread philosophy and art through Western societies of the world. The earlier part of this movement overlapped with the Age of Revolutions. The idea of the creative imagination was rising above the idea of reason. Minute elements of nature, such as bugs and pebbles, were considered divine. There were many variations of the perception of nature in these works. Instead of allegory, this era moved towards myths and symbols. The power of human emotion emerged during this period. 1898 until 1926. Spain went through drastic  changes after the demise of Spain’s colonial empire. French and German inspiration along with Modernism greatly improved the culture of Spain with the works of the Generation of 1898, which were mostly novelists but some were poets. 1927 until 1936. The Generation of 1927 were mostly poets. Many were also involved with the production of music and theatre plays. 1939 until 1975. Poets during the World War II and under General Franco in peacetime: 1975 until present. These works became experimental, using themes, styles and characteristics of traditional poetry throughout Spain’s time and combining them with current movements . Some poets remain more traditional, while others more contemporary. Post-Franco and Contemporary Spanish Poets: