Khedive's Sudan Medal (1910)
The Khedive's Sudan Medal was a campaign medal awarded by the Khedivate of Egypt for service in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Established in 1911 by the Khedive, this medal replaced the earlier Khedive's Sudan Medal (1897) and was superseded by the Sudan Defence Force General Service Medal (1933). Award criteria. The medal was awarded for minor operations in the Sudan to members of the Egyptian Army, including Sudanese battalions. Recipients included a number of British Army officers seconded to the Egyptian Army. It was issued in silver with clasps to combatants and without  a clasp to non-combatants. Camp followers, such as porters and grooms, received the medal in bronze without a clasp. While no complete British Army unit took part in any qualifying campaign, a 48 strong British Army Maxim Gun detachment drawn from a number of different regiments received the "Durfur 1916" clasp, while the medal without clasp was awarded to a camel corps company manned by the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, in reserve during this campaign. A number of members of the Royal Flying Corps received the medal with the "Durfur 1916" and "Fasher" clasps, while about thirty members of the  Royal Air Force received the "Garjak Nuer" clasp. Appearance. The medal is circular, 39 millimetres in diameter, and made of silver or bronze. The obverse bears the Arabic cypher of the Khedive, and the Hijri year of its establishment. The medal awarded in 1911 bears the cypher of Khedive Abba Hilmi, while that from 1918 shows the cypher of the Sultan Hussain Kamil. The reverse depicts a lion standing on a plinth bearing the word "SUDAN" with, behind, the sun rising above the flowing River Nile. The medal hangs from a straight bar suspension, the 32 millimetre wide watered ribbon  being black with thin red and green stripes on each side. The medal was issued unnamed, except for a few to British recipients that were named in small impressed capitals. Clasps. The medal was awarded with sixteen clasps inscribed in both English and Arabic, the largest number issued with one medal being five. Bronze medals were awarded without a clasp.