Demographics of Canada
Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2021 Canadian Census enumerated a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 percent over the 2016 figure. Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase. Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth. The main driver of population growth is immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. Canada  has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world, driven mainly by economic policy and, to a lesser extent, family reunification. In 2019, a total of 341,180 immigrants were admitted to Canada, mainly from Asia. New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements. Population. The Canada 2021 Census had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population. Provinces and territories. <onlyinclude> Population growth  rates. According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/World Bank, the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6 million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the United States and 31.2% growth in Mexico. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the world population growth was 27%, a total of 1,423 million people. However, over the same period, the population of France grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the UK increased by 10.0%. Total fertility rates in the 19th century. The total  fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Source: Statistics Canada. Vital statistics. (c) = Census results Life expectancy at birth from 1831 to 2015. Sources: Our World In Data and the United Nations. 1831–1911 1921–1950 1950–2015 Source: "UN World Population Prospects" Other demographics statistics. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. Demographic statistics according to the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. Total: 40.6 The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed  by Quebec and British Columbia. Sex ratio: Ethnicity. Ethnic origin. As data is completely self-reported, and reporting individuals may have varying definitions of "Ethnic origin" (or may not know their ethnic origin), these figures should not be considered an exact record of the relative prevalence of different ethno-cultural ancestries but rather how Canadians self-identify. Statistics Canada projects that immigrants will represent between 24.5% and 30.0% of Canada's population in 2036, compared with 20.7% in 2011. Statistics Canada further projects that visible minorities among the working-age population (15 to 64 years) will make up 33.7–34.3% of  Canada's total population, compared to 22.3% in 2016. Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnic origins were (2016): The most common ethnic origins per province are as follows in 2006 (total responses; only percentages 10% or higher shown; ordered by percentage of "Canadian"): "Italics" indicates either that this response is dominant within this province, or that this province has the highest ratio (percentage) of this response among provinces. Aboriginal population. "Note: Inuit, other Aboriginal and mixed Aboriginal groups are not listed as their own, but they are all accounted for in total Aboriginal" By province  and territory. All statistics are from the Canada 2011 Census. Languages. Language used most often at work: Languages by language used most often at home: Languages by mother tongue: Religion. Statistics Canada (StatCan) grouped responses to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) question on religion into nine core religious categories – Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Traditional (Aboriginal) Spirituality, other religions and no religious affiliation. Among these, of Canadians were self-identified as Christians in 2011. The second, third, and fourth-largest categories were of Canadians with no religious affiliation at , Canadian Muslims at , and Canadian Hindus at . Within the  2011 NHS results, StatCan further subcategorized Christianity in nine groups of its own – Anglican, Baptist, Catholic, Christian Orthodox, Lutheran, Pentecostal, Presbyterian, United Church and Other Christian. Among these, of Canadians were self-identified as Catholic in 2011. The second and third-largest ungrouped subcategories of Christian Canadians were United at and Anglican at , while of Christians were grouped into the Other Christian subcategory comprising numerous denominations. Of the 3,036,785 or of Canadians identified as Other Christians: