Murmansk (2015 icebreaker)
Murmansk () is a Russian Project 21900M diesel-electric icebreaker. While her construction was contracted to Vyborg Shipyard in Russia, she was built at Arctech Helsinki Shipyard in Finland and delivered to Rosmorport in 2016. "Murmansk", which represents a further development of the icebreakers "Moskva" and "Sankt-Peterburg", has two identical sister ships: "Vladivostok" and "Novorossiysk". Development and construction. In the 2000s, Russia began renewing the state-owned icebreaker fleet that, at the time, consisted mainly of Soviet-era vessels dating back to the 1970s and 1980s. In July 2004, the Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard won  an international tender for the construction of two 16-megawatt diesel-electric icebreakers for Rosmorport, a state-owned company established in 2003 to manage Russia's port infrastructure and operate its fleet of diesel-powered icebreakers. These icebreakers, "Moskva" (delivered in 2008) and "Sankt-Peterburg" (2009), were the first non-nuclear icebreaker built in Russia for over three decades and the first new icebreakers ordered following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 2011, the Russian government decided to continue the fleet renewal within the framework of the federal program "Development of the Transport System of Russia (2010–2020)" with three  additional 16-megawatt diesel-electric icebreakers. The construction of the first icebreaker awarded to Vyborg Shipyard on 2 December 2011. On 23 February 2012, the remaining two vessels were also contracted to Vyborg Shipyard which was acquired by the state-owned United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) to solve the shipyard's financial problems. The new icebreakers, referred to as Project 21900M, represent a further development of the original Project 21900 design. Modifications to the original design include, among smaller general improvements, a slightly different diesel-electric power plant configuration and more efficient pulling-type propulsion units where the propeller is  facing forward. While Project 21900M vessels were still sometimes referred to as "16-megawatt icebreakers", their propulsion power was increased to 18 megawatts. Externally, the most apparent difference is the helideck which has been moved to the foredeck and enlarged for the bigger Mil Mi-8 helicopter. Although the construction of the new icebreaker was awarded to Vyborg Shipyard, the Russian shipyard subcontracted the hull assembly, outfitting and commissioning of the vessel to Arctech Helsinki Shipyard. The contract with the Finnish shipyard, which at the time was a joint venture between USC and STX Finland (a subsidiary of STX Europe , which in turn was a subsidiary of the South Korean STX Offshore & Shipbuilding), was signed on 18 December 2012. The keel-laying ceremony was held in Vyborg already on 26 December, after which the blocks were transferred to Helsinki for hull assembly. The vessel was ceremonially launched on 25 March 2015 and floated out from the shipyard's covered dry dock few days later. On 18 December, after completing the sea trials that began in late November, the new icebreaker was delivered to Vyborg Shipyard where she was handed over to Rosmorport on 25 December 2015. Like the preceding Project  21900 icebreakers, the new icebreakers are also named after major cities of Russia with "Murmansk" representing the largest city above the Arctic Circle. Previously, the same naming scheme was also used for a series of five diesel-electric polar icebreakers built by the Finnish shipbuilder Wärtsilä in the 1960s; the previous "Murmansk" was in service in 1968–1995. Design. "Murmansk" is long overall and between perpendiculars, and has a moulded beam of . Fully laden, the icebreaker draws of water. While her official Russian Maritime Register of Shipping ice class is "Icebreaker6", "Murmansk"s hull and propulsion units are strengthened to meet the  requirements for "Icebreaker7", a higher ice class intended for icebreaking operations in the Arctic. "Murmansk" has a fully integrated diesel-electric propulsion system with main diesel generators supplying power for both main propulsion as well as ship's service loads while underway. Her main power plant consists of four 12-cylinder Wärtsilä 12V32E four-stroke medium-speed diesel engines rated at each. In addition, there are two Wärtsilä 4L20 auxiliary diesel generators for use when the vessel is at port and a emergency diesel generator. For main propulsion, "Murmansk" is fitted with two electrically driven azimuth thrusters. Her two Steerprop  SP110ARCPULL Z-drive units, each driven by two electric propulsion motors in tandem configuration, were the most powerful mechanical azimuth thrusters in the world at the time of delivery. With a total propulsion power of , "Murmansk" can achieve a service speed of in open water and break up to thick level ice. In addition, she has a transverse bow thruster for maneuvering. Career. "Murmansk" is based in Saint Petersburg and normally escorts merchant ships in the Gulf of Finland during the winter navigating season. However, in April 2016 the icebreaker sailed to the Arctic together with her sister vessel "Vladivostok  for full-scale ice trials. Murmansk" has also participated once in the annual Festival of Icebreakers in Saint Petersburg; the icebreaker was open to visitors in 2017.