Gardner–Salinas braille codes
The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are a method of encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired. The most common form of Gardner–Salinas braille is the 8-cell variety, commonly called "GS8". There is also a corresponding 6-cell form called "GS6". The codes were developed as a replacement for Nemeth Braille by John A. Gardner, a physicist at Oregon State University, and Norberto Salinas, an Argentinian mathematician. The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are an example of a compact human-readable markup language. The syntax is based  on the LaTeX system for scientific typesetting. Table of Gardner–Salinas 8-dot (GS8) braille. The set of lower-case letters, the period, comma, semicolon, colon, exclamation mark, apostrophe, and opening and closing double quotes are the same as in Grade-2 English Braille. Digits. Apart from 0, this is the same as the Antoine notation used in French and Luxembourgish Braille. Upper-case letters. GS8 upper-case letters are indicated by the same cell as standard English braille (and GS8) lower-case letters, with dot #7 added. Compare Luxembourgish Braille. Greek letters. Dot 8 is added to the letter forms  of International Greek Braille to derive Greek letters: Markup. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Encodes the fraction-slash for the single adjacent digits/letters as numerator and denominator. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Used for any > 1 digit radicand. <nowiki>**</nowiki> Used for markup to represent inkprint text.