First Fifty Years - a project collating Cape of Good Hope records - Anthoniij van Angola
Anthoniij van Angola
Anthoniij van Angola1
M, #8919, b. circa 1649, d. between 12 October 1696 and 13 October 1696
Birth* Anthoniij van Angola was born circa 1649 in Angola, he was described as a slafie, presumably a very young slave, in December 1658. Van Riebeeck described the majority of the surviving slaves brought by the Amersfoort as 'girls and small boys'. I have assumed Anthonij was about 8 years old on arrival.2,1
De facto-Candidate* Circa 1692 Anthoniij van Angola and Elisabeth van Angola may have been in a de facto relationship de Caep de Goede Hoop.3
Marriage De facto* Before 22 October 1696 Anthoniij van Angola and Susanna van Mombasa were in a de facto relationship de Caep de Goede Hoop.4
Death* He died between 12 October 1696 and 13 October 1696 de Caep de Goede Hoop.5,1
Susanna van Mombasa b. c 1660
Marta van de Caep32 b. c 1690
Of those, when the Amersfoort heaved to in Table Bay two months later, only 174 had made it alive, most them, according to Jan van Riebeeck "girls and small boys" - among them were Anthoniij van Angola.6,7,8
Occupation* In 1683 Anthoniij van Angola and Manuel van Angola were farmers in partnership on the farm Angola, Jonkershoek de Caep de Goede Hoop.9
Farm* Between 1683 and 1693 Anthoniij van Angola, Manuel van Angola, Louis van Bengale, Pai Marquart van Ceylon and Jan Luy van Ceylon became the owners of the farms in the Jonkershoek valley named Angola (Anthony and Manuel), Bengale (Louis), Nektar (Marquart and Jan Luij), and Wynand (Jan Liuj). See the graphic.10
(Owner) Misc Between 16 November 1695 and 9 August 1695 following her assault by her putative father, Anthoniij van Angola, Johann Andresen tried to obtain custody of Marta van de Caep from her father (and owner), and finally resorted to the courts. On the latter date, the court ordered that the child be given over to his custody.11
Monsterrollen and Opgaafrollen (Muster and tax rolls) In 1685 Elisabeth van Angola, Manuel van Angola and Anthoniij van Angola enumerated in the muster roll Cape district, Anthonij was recorded as in compie or in the company of. The three were enumerated after Jan Mostaart and before Louis van Bengale.12
In 1686 Anthoniij van Angola was enumerated in the muster roll Cape district, he was enumerated after Emanuel and Lijsbeth van Angola and before Lisjbeth van de Caap.13
Crime and related On 16 November 1694 de Caep de Goede Hoop Anthoniij van Angola assaulted Marta van de Caep, hitting her on the head and causing a gash on her arm. She was likely his own daughter and her mother was Susanna van Bombasa, his slave and apparent concubine.14
Slave Births Circa 1690, Marta van de Caep was born in bondage and was owned by Anthoniij van Angola de Caep de Goede Hoop.15,16
Slave Transactions On 22 May 1658 Anthoniij van Angola was sold by the Company to Nathaniel West, for his monthly salary which the previous year was recorded as f 15. Anthony's age is not given, although he is described as a slafie, presumably a very young slave, 7 months later.2,17
On 5 December 1658 Anthoniij van Angola was sold by Nathaniel West to Christiaen Jansz de Caep de Goede Hoop.18,2
On 8 July 1670 Anthoniij van Angola and Thomas van Bengale were sold in a transaction numbered T85 by Jochem Marquart to Matthijs Coeijmans. Also sold was Marquaert's house and land located at Windberg (Duiwelspiek), measuring 27 morgen and 28 square roods; 2 horses with tack, 50 halfslagooie, 24 draught oxen, 2 ploughs, 2 harrows, 2 wagons and all other equipment, incluidng 30 muids of corn. In return (transaction T86) Coemans paid his own new house, gardens, and erf (measuring 296 square roods), along with 2,000 guilders. [Hattingh is at pains to emphasize there were no slaves mentioned in the second transaction, but a careful reading of his summary, suggests the slaves in question were those previously mentioned in the first set of transactions.]19,20
On 5 February 1671 Anthoniij van Angola was sold in a transaction numbered T100 by Matthijs Coeijmans to Jochem Marquart de Caep de Goede Hoop. Also sold was the property bought months earlier by Coemans, along with 22 draught oxen, 1 mare with foal, 2 ploughs, 2 harrows, 2 wagons and all other equipment. The price paid was 3,500 guilders.21,22
On 13 February 1671 Anthoniij van Angola was sold by Jochem Marquart and Henrick Barentze van der Zee to Wynand Leendertsz Bezuidenhout, in a transaction numbered T114. Also sold was the property, equipment, grain and animals bought days earlier by Marquart. The price paid was 3,500 guilders - of which f 1 200 was paid immediately and an acknowledge of debt of f 2 300 for the balance.23,24,25
On 31 July 1684 Sijmon Ham was sold by Olof Bergh to Manuel van Angola and Anthoniij van Angola de Caep de Goede Hoop, 85 Rijksdaalders.26,27
Slave Emancipations Anthoniij van Angola was emancipated before 1680 when he concluded a contract as a free man with Cornelis Botma, the husband of Jannetje Gerrits. She was the widow of Wynand Leendertsz Bezuidenhout, his former owner. It may be that Jannetje Gerrits was instrumental in his emancipation.10
On 22 October 1696 Susanna van Mombasa was emancipated by Anthoniij van Angola with the authority of Henningh Hùijsing and Willem Corsenaar de Caep de Goede Hoop, In the emancipation record, Anthonij is described as Susanna's husband. They could not have been legally married because Susanna was a slave, but the relationship clearly appears to have been a de facto marriage. Although Anthonij was already deceased at the time, he had prior to his death promised Susanna she and her children would be freed and this was carried out by the authorities because of the testimony of.28,29,30,31
Slaves owned by individuals Before 22 October 1696 Susanna van Mombasa was owned by Anthoniij van Angola.1
[S521] Margaret Cairns, "Gerrit Gerrits of Oldenburg and Susanna of Bambaser: An early 18th century couple", Familia (Gerrits & Bambaser) 17, nr. 3/4 (1990): ...she had apparently taken the place of his former consort, Lysbet of Angola who had died towards the end of 1693. Hereinafter cited as "Gerrits & Bambaser."
[S432] Robert C-H Shell compiler, Changing Hands, A calendar of bondage in southern Africa, 1550 to 1888, CD-ROM; ISBN 1-86918-063-1; (Cape Town: Ancestry24, September 2007), Manumitter relation: Husband [The relationship would have been de facto, slaves were not permitted to marry.]. Hereinafter cited as Changing Hands.
[S545] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh Die Eerste Vryswartes van Stellenbosch 1679 - 1720, Wes-Kaaplandse Instituut vir Historiese Navorsing, Tygerberg, Cape Town, (1981) 0-909075-65-4 "Op 18 September 1696 rapporteer die sekretaris van die Stellenbosse landdros aan kaptein Olof Bergh by De Kuilen dat Anthonie van Angola reeds 'n paar dae tevore, op die 12e en 13e oorlede is."
[S325] Lorna Newcomb and Ockert Malan, compilers, Annale van Nederduits Gereformeerde Moedergemeente Stellenbosch No 1.., CD-ROM (Stellenbosch) Die Genootskap vir die Kerkversameling, 2004 0-9584832-1-3), Baptism Register, Lorna: Anthonij van Angola was een van 'n groep slawe wat op die `Amersfoort' na die Kaap gekom het 22.4 1658. Hy het verskeie eienaars gehad, maar is c1680 vrygestel. In 1683 ontvang hy die plaas Angola, Jonkershoek in belofte en boer in vennootskap met Manuel van Angola. Manuel en sy vrou Elisabeth is 16.4.1681 deur Hester Weiers van Lier vrygestel. (Boeseken `Slaves and Freeblacks' p.139. Hereinafter cited as Palmkronieke I Baptisms.
[S545] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh Die Eerste Vryswartes van Stellenbosch 1679 - 1720 "Na die aanranding op Marta het Jan Andriesze nogal moeite gedoen om die kind te bekom en selfs op 9 Augustus 1695 'n holbevel teen Anthonie verkry om die kind aan hom af te staan."
[S770] Monsterrol van de vrije luijden 1685 for de Caep de Goede Hoop (Cape Town) (Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/) "Emanuel van Angola en Lijsbeth v. do.
Antonij van do. in compie". (The monsterrolle or muster rolls were in effect a population census. In my view they were likely based on ships' musters of the period.).
[S784] Monsterrol van de vrije luijden 1686 for de Caep de Goede Hoop (Cape Town) (Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/) "Antonie van Angola". (The monsterrolle or muster rolls were in effect a population census. In my view they were likely based on ships' musters of the period.).
[S545] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh Die Eerste Vryswartes van Stellenbosch 1679 - 1720 "Sy slavin, Susanna, het op 17 November 1694 by die landdros en heemrade kom kla oor haar meester se optrede. Sy wou hom die vorige aand laat gemaklik lê op die bed - waarskynlik was hy nie heeltemal nugter nie - toe hy "met sy gram steurigh gemoet" opgestaan en haar te lyf probeer gaan het. Hy het eers die deur toegemaak sodat sy nie kon vlug nie, maar toe gevind dat die kamer so donker was dat hy nòg haar nòg die 1amp kon kry. Toe hy weer die deur oopmaak was sy reeds weg. In sy ongeduldigheid het hy vir Marta, haar kind, gegryp en "seer deerlijck" met 'n stok geslaan. Susanna kon slegs die baba bykom en het daarmee na hul buurman Isak Schrijver gevlug. Later die aand het Paij Zijlon (waarskynllk Marquart van Ceylon) vir Marta daar aangebring, "deerlijck bebloet" weens die hou teen die hoof en 'n sny aan die arm."
[S545] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh Die Eerste Vryswartes van Stellenbosch 1679 - 1720 "Lijsbeth van Angola het reeds op 7 Januarie 1694, terwyl sy al siek en bedleend was, haar testament onderteken waarmee sy haar slavin, Marta, toe vier jaar oud, aan Lijsbeth Jansz, die huisvrou van Jan Andriesze bemaak het."
[S607] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse notariële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (II), Die tweede Dekade 1671-1680", Kronos (Die notariële stukke II) 15 (1999): 5.2.1671 T100 T114 CTD 4, p. 181
Matthijs Cooijmans [Matthijs Coeijmans] van Herentals, vryburger, verkoop aan Jochum Marquart van Gorcum en Herdrick Barentsz van Leeuwaerden, mede ingesetenes, sy woonhuis, stalle, landerye, groot 27 morge 28 [vk] roede, volgens die erfbrief van 5 Januarie 1660 gelee agter Windberg by die Kompanjie se ‘lusthuijs’ Rustenburg, en voeg daaraan toe 22 trekosse, 1 merrie perd met ‘n vul, ‘n slaaf genaamd Anthoni van Angola en die koring tans nog onuitgedors asook dit wat nog daar voor hande is , 2 waens, 2 ploeë, 2 êe en die ander gereedskap vir die bedrag van f 3 500. [Hiervan is f 1 200 in kontant ontvang, f 920 met ‘n skuldbrief en die resterende f 1 400 het die koper en verkoper met ou skuld gelikwideer.]. Hereinafter cited as "Die notariële stukke II."
[S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Foute en regstellings", Böeseken meld dan wel T 114, gedateer 13.2.1671, toe Marquaert en Barents dieselfde eiendom met Anthonij van Angola inkluis, aan Wynant Leenders verkoop het. Sy laat egter na om te meld dat die koopsom toe ook 3 500 gulde was. Sonder om hierdie transaksie ten volle te volg kan daar ook nie tred gehou word met die lot van die twee betrokke slawe nie.
[S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p.128: 13.2.1671, V, pp. 55-56 (T.1l4): Anthoni from Angola, sold together with farm and other possessions by Jochum Marquart and Hendrik Barents to Wijnant Leendertsz. This farm bordered on "'s Comps. lusthuijs Rustenburgh".
[S432] Robert C-H Shell compiler, Changing Hands, Sequence IDNO: 0385
[S432] Robert C-H Shell compiler, Changing Hands, Susanna [Testamentary manumission by Anthonij van Angola.].
[S521] Margaret Cairns, "Gerrits & Bambaser", However it seems obvious that she had been at the Cape for a few years before 1696 for this document is in fact her emancipation from slavery, and it provides details of her life that would otherwise have remained hidden. It is a fascinating document and far more than the stereotyped freedom papers usually to be found, for Hugo de Goyer, the secretary of the Council of Policy which normally handles such matters, added that six weeks before his death, her late master Anthony of Angola had told him "synde geweest de lyfeigen van Anthony van Angola", that he intended to free her from slavery. This freedom was to include that of her child, fathered by another man, and her unborn child by Anthony himself. Unfortunately Anthony died before he could carry out his promise and his posthumous son was therefore born a slave. However, the matter of the proposed emancipation had apparently been common knowledge and two well-known burgers of Stellenbosch where Anthony lived, Hans Jurgen Grimpe and Pieter van der Bijl came to the aid of Susanna and the deposition that they made to this effect bore sufficient weight for the authorities to grant the requested freedom forthwith.
[S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Foute en regstellings", En ofskoon Böeseken geen plek van herkoms vir die slavin Susanna verstrek nie, word dit in die betrokke document van 22.10.1696 as "Bombasa" aangegee.
[S545] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh Die Eerste Vryswartes van Stellenbosch 1679 - 1720 "In die geval is daar sprake van twee kinders en waarskynlik was Anthonie die vader van hulle al twee."