Tumut Hydroelectric Power Station
Tumut Hydroelectric Power Station () is a series of three of the original four, now five hydroelectric power stations on the Tumut River in New South Wales, Australia, that are part of the Snowy Mountains Scheme. The generating assets of the three Tumut power stations are owned by Snowy Hydro Limited, a company whose shareholders include the governments of Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. The company is also licensed to manage the water rights used by the power stations. Stations. Tumut 1 Underground Power Station. Located downstream of Tumut Pond Dam and below ground level, Tumut  1 Power Station is situated approximately south-west from Cabramurra, under Happy Valley Rd. An Lift & Ventilation Shaft are on Happy Valley Rd. The conventional hydroelectric power station has four turbine generators, with a generating capacity of of electricity; and a net generation of per annum. The power station was completed in 1959, and has rated head. The first 330 kV transmission lines were commissioned in New South Wales at the Tumut 1 Power Station during the 1950s. These cables were manufactured in England and linked to the underground transformers at Tumut 1, and connected with the transmission line. The  lines carried power to Sydney where new sub-stations were established, to handle the upgrade from 132 kV transmission lines. This innovative plan, which faced significant scepticism initially, was considered to be at the forefront of technology which challenged designers and overseas manufacturers. Extra high voltage was in its infancy in the early 1950s. The lines were subject to a 1000 kV test on the cables prior to them going into service. These cables and the transmission system have been in service for over 50 years. The original transformer at Tumut 1 weighed ; and each assembled generator rotor is in  excess of necessitating delivery in component pieces and assembly on site. The station is connected to the National Electricity Market via the 330kV Upper Tumut Switching Station, North of Cabramurra. Upper Tumut Power Station is sometimes used as a colloquial term to refer to both Tumut 1 and Tumut 2 Underground Power Stations. Tumut 2 Underground Power Station. Tumut 2 Power Station is situated approximately north of north-west from Cabramurra, under Goat Ridge Rd, some below ground level. The conventional hydroelectric power station has four Francis turbine generators, with a combined generating capacity of and a net generation of  per annum. The power station was completed in 1962, and has rated head. Water flows through the turbines at the rate of . The conventional gravity-fed hydroelectric power station is fed by water held in Tumut Two Pondage and from water discharged from Tumut 1 Power Station. The station is connected to the National Electricity Market via the 330kV Upper Tumut Switching Station, North of Cabramurra. Tumut 3 Power Station. Tumut 3 Power Station is the first major pumped storage hydroelectric power station in Australia. Pump-storage schemes use off-peak energy to pump water to a reservoir on a  higher level. This water then passes through turbines to generate electricity when prices are higher. The sole powerhouse is located above ground, below Talbingo Dam. The power station is fitted with six Toshiba turbines, each equipped with Melco-manufactured generators, has a combined generating capacity of of electricity. Three of the six units can operate as pumps. The power station was completed in 1973, upgraded in 2012 and has rated head. Water is carried in six pipelines, each long and in diameter, delivering water both from and to Talbingo Reservoir. The pumps draw water from Jounama Pondage at the rate  of , returning water to Talbingo Reservoir for later generation use in periods of peak-demand. During 2003, Snowy Hydro commissioned six micro-hydro generators on the existing cooling water systems on each of the six generating units at Tumut 3 Power Station. These GreenPower accredited units enable Snowy Hydro to save approximately of carbon dioxide per annum. In addition, this installation not only captures previous wasted renewable energy, but also will be substantially reducing the noise that was associated with the previous pressure reducing valves on the six generating unit's cooling systems. Between 2009 and December 2011, there was  a major upgrade of Tumut 3, adding additional capacity in the range of to per unit. The station is connected to the National Electricity Market via the 330kV Lower Tumut Switching Station, 500m North West of Tumut 3 or 3.0km south of south-west from Talbingo.