The Hateful Eight
The Hateful Eight (sometimes marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American revisionist Western film, written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demián Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War. Tarantino announced the film in November 2013. He conceived it as a novel and sequel to his 2012 film "Django Unchained" before deciding to make it a standalone film. After the script leaked in  January 2014, he canceled the film and instead directed a live reading at the United Artists Theater in Los Angeles, before reconsidering and resuming progress on the project. Filming began on December 8, 2014, near Telluride, Colorado. Italian composer Ennio Morricone composed the original score, his first complete Western score in thirty-four years (and the last before his death in 2020), his first for a high-profile Hollywood production since Brian De Palma's "Mission to Mars", and the first and only original score for a Tarantino film. Distributed by The Weinstein Company in the United States, "The Hateful  Eight" was released on December 25, 2015, in a limited roadshow release on 70 mm film, before expanding wide theatrically on December 30, 2015. It received polarized reviews from critics, particularly for the performances of the cast and Morricone's score, though the depiction of race relations and the violent treatment of Leigh's character divided opinions. It has grossed over $156 million. For his work on the score, Morricone won his first and only Academy Award for Best Original Score, as well as the Golden Globe. The film also earned Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actress (Leigh) and  Best Cinematography (Robert Richardson). On April 25, 2019, the film was released as a re-edited four-episode miniseries on Netflix with the subtitle "Extended Version". "The Hateful Eight" is Tarantino's final collaboration with The Weinstein Company following allegations of sexual abuse against Harvey Weinstein in October 2017. Plot. In 1877, bounty hunter and Civil War veteran Major Marquis Warren is heading to Red Rock, Wyoming, with three bounty corpses. His horse gives out, and faced with an incoming blizzard, Warren hitches a ride on a stagecoach driven by O.B. The other passengers are bounty hunter John Ruth, handcuffed  to fugitive Daisy Domergue, who he is taking to Red Rock to be hanged. Despite his suspicions of Warren, Ruth is swayed by Warren's personal letter from Abraham Lincoln. They come across Lost-Causer Chris Mannix, who identifies himself as Red Rock's new sheriff. Confident that a racist former Confederate militiaman such as Mannix and an African-American Union veteran such as Warren would never conspire to take his bounty, Ruth strikes a mutual protection deal with Warren and allows Mannix aboard. During the trip, Ruth learns from Mannix, Domergue, and Warren about the hefty Confederate bounty placed  on Warren for breaking out of and setting fire to a prisoner-of-war camp in West Virginia. The travellers seek refuge from the blizzard at Minnie's Haberdashery lodge. Greeting them is Bob, a Mexican who says Minnie is away and left him in charge. Other lodgers are Red Rock's hangman, Oswaldo Mobray; cowboy Joe Gage; and Confederate general Sanford Smithers, traveling to erect a cenotaph for his disappeared son. Suspicious, Ruth disarms all but Warren. Mannix surmises, and Warren concedes, that the Lincoln letter is false. Warren responds to Ruth's disappointment by saying his forged letter  buys him leeway with whites, something Ruth silently acknowledges he never would have given Warren without. Warren leaves a gun next to Smithers and provokes him by claiming that years earlier he had ambushed, tortured, humiliated, orally sodomized, and murdered Smithers' son, who had come to Wyoming to claim the Confederate bounty on Warren. When Smithers reaches for the gun, Warren shoots him dead in revenge for executing black prisoners of war at the battle of Baton Rouge. At the same time, Daisy witnesses someone poisoning the coffee. Ruth and O.B. drink it and die, but Ruth lives long enough  to attack Daisy, who then shoots him with his own gun. Warren disarms Domergue, leaving her shackled to Ruth, and holds the others at gunpoint. He is joined by Mannix, whom Warren trusts because he nearly drank the poisoned coffee. Examining the evidence, and revealing Minnie's hatred of Mexicans, Warren deduces that Bob had been lying and thus had a part in the owners' deaths, and promptly executes him. When Warren threatens to kill Daisy, Gage admits he poisoned the coffee. An unknown man hiding under the floorboards shoots through them, hitting Warren in the groin. Mobray draws a  hidden gun and shoots Mannix, who returns fire, wounding Mobray. A flashback shows Bob, Mobray, Gage, and Daisy's brother Jody arriving at the lodge hours earlier. They murder Minnie and five others, leaving only Smithers. Gang leader Jody tells Smithers they plan to rescue Domergue, and will spare him if he keeps quiet. They dispose of the bodies and hide the evidence. As Ruth's stagecoach arrives, Jody hides in the cellar. In the present, Mannix and Warren, both seriously wounded, hold Daisy, Gage, and Mobray at gunpoint. When they threaten to kill Daisy, Jody surrenders. Much to her  horror, he is executed by Warren in retribution for the groin shot. The gang's true identities are revealed, and they offer Mannix a deal. They claim fifteen of Jody's men are waiting in Red Rock in case the rescue at Minnie's fails. If Mannix kills Warren, they will spare him and allow him to collect the bounty on the mortally-wounded Mobray. Warren shoots and kills Mobray. Gage draws a revolver, but is shot dead by both Mannix and Warren. Warren tries to shoot Daisy, but is out of bullets. He asks Mannix for his gun, but  Mannix refuses, giving Daisy more time to elaborate on her deal. She does, but her pitch fails to convince Mannix, who does not believe her claims and threats. While berating Daisy for trying to outsmart him, Mannix faints from blood loss. While Warren watches helplessly, Daisy frees herself by hacking off Ruth's arm. When she goes for a gun Mannix regains consciousness and shoots her. As Mannix aims for the killing shot, Warren persuades him to hang her in honor of Ruth, who was known as "The Hangman" for always bringing his bounties in alive to the gallows. The  two wounded men succeed in stringing Daisy from the rafters. Afterwards, as they lie dying, Mannix reads aloud Warren's Lincoln letter, complimenting his attention to detail. Production. In November 2013, writer-director Quentin Tarantino said he was working on another Western. He initially attempted the story as a novel, a sequel to his film "Django Unchained" titled "Django in White Hell", but realized that the Django character did not fit the story. On January 12, 2014, the title was announced as "The Hateful Eight". The film was inspired by the 1960s Western TV series "Bonanza," "The Virginian", and "The  High Chaparral." Tarantino said: Production would most likely have begun in mid-2014, but after the script leaked online in January 2014, Tarantino considered publishing it as a novel instead. He said he had given the script to a few trusted colleagues, including Reginald Hudlin, Michael Madsen, Bruce Dern, and Tim Roth. This version of the script featured a different ending in which Warren and Mannix attempt to kill Gage in revenge by forcing him to drink the poisoned coffee, sparking a firefight in which every character is killed. Tarantino described his vision for the character of Daisy Domergue as a  Susan Atkins of the Wild West. Madsen based Joe Gage on Peter Breck's performance in "The Big Valley". On April 19, 2014, Tarantino directed a live reading of the leaked script at the United Artists Theater in the Ace Hotel Los Angeles. The event was organized by the Film Independent at Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) as part of the "Live Read" series and was introduced by Elvis Mitchell. Tarantino explained that they would read the first draft of the script, and he added that he was writing two new drafts with a different ending. The actors  who joined Tarantino included Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Amber Tamblyn, James Parks, Walton Goggins, Zoë Bell, James Remar, Dana Gourrier, Dern, Roth, and Madsen. Casting. On September 23, 2014, it was revealed that Viggo Mortensen was in discussion with Tarantino for a role in the film. On October 9, 2014, Jennifer Jason Leigh was added to the cast to play Daisy Domergue. On November 5, 2014, it was announced that Channing Tatum was eyeing a major role in the film. Later the same day, The Weinstein Company confirmed the cast in a press release, which would include Samuel L.  Jackson, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Kurt Russell, Tim Roth, Demián Bichir, Walton Goggins, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern. Tatum's casting was also confirmed. Later on January 23, 2015, TWC announced an ensemble cast of supporting members, including James Parks, Dana Gourrier, Zoë Bell, Gene Jones, Keith Jefferson, Lee Horsley, Craig Stark, and Belinda Owino. In the earlier public reading of the first script, the role of Daisy Domergue had been read by Amber Tamblyn, and the role of Bob, a Frenchman rather than a Mexican, was read by Denis Ménochet; at the reading, the role of Jody was read by  James Remar. Regarding the cast, Tarantino has said, "This is a movie where [bigger movie stars] wouldn't work. It needs to be an ensemble where nobody is more important than anybody else." Filming. On September 26, 2014, the state of Colorado had signed to fund the film's production with $5 million, and the complete film would be shot in Southwest Colorado. A 900-acre ranch was leased to the production for the filming. There was a meeting on October 16, and the county's planning commission issued a permit for the construction of a temporary set. Principal  photography began on December 8, 2014, in Colorado on the Schmid Ranch near Telluride. The budget was reported to be $44–62 million. Special make-up effects of the film were created by Greg Nicotero, known for his work on the AMC television series "The Walking Dead". Antique guitar incident. The guitar destroyed by Russell's character was not a prop but an antique 1870s Martin guitar lent by the Martin Guitar Museum. According to sound producer Mark Ulano, the guitar was supposed to have been switched with a copy to be destroyed, but this was not communicated to Russell ; everyone on the set was "pretty freaked out" at the guitar's destruction, and Leigh's reaction was genuine, though "Tarantino was in a corner of the room with a funny curl on his lips, because he got something out of it with the performance." Museum director Dick Boak said that the museum was not told that the script included a scene that called for a guitar being smashed, and determined that it was irreparable. The insurance remunerated the purchase value of the guitar. As a result of the incident, the museum no longer lends props to film productions. Cinematography . Cinematographer Robert Richardson, who also worked with Tarantino on "Kill Bill", "Inglourious Basterds", and "Django Unchained", filmed "The Hateful Eight" on 65 mm film, using three modern 65mm camera models: the Arriflex 765 and the Studio 65 and the 65 HS from Panavision. The film was transferred to 70 mm film for projection using Ultra Panavision 70 and Kodak Vision 3 film stocks: 5219, 5207, 5213 and 5203. Until the release of Christopher Nolan's "Dunkirk" two years later, it was the widest release in 70 mm film since Ron Howard's "Far and Away" in 1992. The film  uses Panavision anamorphic lenses with an aspect ratio of 2.76:1, a very widescreen image that was used on some films in the 1950s and 1960s. The filmmakers also avoided any use of a digital intermediate in the 70mm roadshow release, which was color-timed photochemically by FotoKem, and the dailies were screened in 70mm. The wide digital release and a handful of 35mm prints were struck from a digital intermediate, done by Yvan Lucas at Shed/Santa Monica. Post-production. Tarantino edited two versions of the film, one for the roadshow version and the other for general  release. The roadshow version runs for three hours and two minutes, including six minutes of extra footage plus an overture and intermission, and has alternate takes of some scenes. Tarantino created two versions as he felt some of the footage he shot for 70mm would not play well on smaller screens. The British Board of Film Classification examined its runtime difference between the Roadshow (187 minutes) and the DCP (168 minutes) releases was 19 minutes. Music. Tarantino announced at the 2015 Comic-Con that Ennio Morricone would compose the score for "The Hateful Eight"; it is the first Western  scored by Morricone in 34 years, since "Buddy Goes West", and Tarantino's first film to use an original score. Tarantino had previously used Morricone's music in "Kill Bill", "Death Proof", "Inglourious Basterds", and "Django Unchained", and Morricone also wrote an original song, "Ancora Qui", for the latter. Morricone had previously made statements that he would "never work" with Tarantino after "Django Unchained", but ultimately changed his mind and agreed to score "The Hateful Eight". According to "Variety", Morricone composed the score without even seeing the film. The soundtrack was announced on November 19, 2015, for a December 18  release from Decca Records. Ennio Morricone composed 50 minutes of original music for "The Hateful Eight". In addition to Morricone's original score, the soundtrack includes dialogue excerpts from the film, "Apple Blossom" by The White Stripes from their "De Stijl" album, "Now You're All Alone" by David Hess from "The Last House on the Left" and "There Won't Be Many Coming Home" by Roy Orbison from "The Fastest Guitar Alive". Tarantino confirmed that the film would use three unused tracks from Morricone's original soundtrack for the 1982 John Carpenter film "The Thing"—"Eternity", "Bestiality", and "Despair"—as Morricone  was pressed for time while creating the score. The final film also uses Morricone's "Regan's Theme" from the 1977 John Boorman film "." Morricone's score won several awards, including a special award from New York Film Critics Circle. The score won a Golden Globe for Best Original Score. It also took the 2016 Academy Award for Best Motion Picture Score, Morricone's first after several career nominations. The acoustic song played by Leigh's character Domergue on a Martin guitar is the traditional Australian folk ballad "Jim Jones at Botany Bay", which dates from the early 19th century  and was first published by Charles McAlister in 1907. The rendition in the film includes lines which were not in MacAlister's version. The film's trailer used Welshly Arms' cover of "Hold On, I'm Coming", although this is not used in the film itself. Release. On September 3, 2014, The Weinstein Company (TWC) acquired the worldwide distribution rights to the film for a fall 2015 release. TWC would sell the film worldwide, but Tarantino asked to personally approve the global distributors for the film. In preparation for its release, Tarantino arranged for approximately 100 theaters worldwide to be  retrofitted with anamorphic equipped 70 mm film projectors, in order to display the film as he intended. The film was released on December 25, 2015, as a roadshow presentation in 70 mm film format theaters. The film was initially scheduled to be released in digital theaters on January 8, 2016. On December 14, "The Hollywood Reporter" announced that the film would see wide release on December 31, 2015, while still screening the 70 mm version. The release date was moved to December 30, 2015, to meet demand. On July 11, 2015, Tarantino and the cast of the film appeared at  San Diego Comic-Con to promote the film. In the UK, where the film was distributed by Entertainment Film Distributors, the sole 70mm print in the country opened at the Odeon Leicester Square on January 8 in a roadshow presentation, with the digital general release version opening the same day at other cinemas, except Cineworld, who refused to book the film after failing to reach an agreement to show the 70mm print. On March 15, 2016, "The Hateful Eight" was released in the United States on Digital HD, and on Blu-ray and DVD on March 29, 2016 . On December 20, 2015, screener copies of "The Hateful Eight" and numerous other Oscar contenders, including "Carol", "The Revenant", "Brooklyn", "Creed", and "Straight Outta Compton", were uploaded to many websites. The FBI linked the case to co-CEO Andrew Kosove of Alcon Entertainment. Kosove responded that he had "never seen this DVD", and that "it never touched his hands." In April 2019, the streaming service Netflix released an extended miniseries version of the film, split into four episodes. Reception. Box office. "The Hateful Eight" grossed $54.1 million in the United States and Canada and $102.4 million in other  countries, for a worldwide total of $156.5 million. It opened in the US with a limited release on December 25, 2015, and over the weekend, it grossed $4.9 million from 100 theaters ($46,107 per screen), finishing 10th at the box office. It had its wide release on December 30, grossing $3.5 million on its first day. The film went on to gross $15.7 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office, behind "" ($90.2 million) and "Daddy's Home" ($29.2 million). Critical response and analysis. On the review aggregator website Rotten  Tomatoes, "The Hateful Eight" holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . Its critical consensus reads, ""The Hateful Eight" offers another well-aimed round from Quentin Tarantino's signature blend of action, humor, and over-the-top violence – all while demonstrating an even stronger grip on his filmmaking craft." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned "The Hateful Eight" a score of 68 out of 100 based on 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported  audiences gave it a 42% "definite recommend". James Berardinelli wrote that "The Hateful Eight" "is a high-wire thriller, full of masterfully executed twists, captivating dialogue, and a wildly entertaining narrative that gallops along at a pace to make three hours evaporate in an instant. Best film of the year? Yes." "Telegraph" critic Robbie Collin wrote: ""The Hateful Eight" is a parlour-room epic, an entire nation in a single room, a film steeped in its own filminess but at the same time vital, riveting and real. Only Tarantino can do this, and he’s done it again." "The Guardian  critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film five out of five, and wrote that it was intimate yet somehow weirdly colossal, once again releasing [Tarantino's] own kind of unwholesome crazy-funny-violent nitrous oxide into the cinema auditorium for us all to inhale ... "Thriller" is a generic label which has lost its force. But "The Hateful Eight" thrills." "A.V. Club" critic Ignatiy Vishnevetsky gave the film a grade of A- and wrote that "with a script that could easily be a stage play, "The Hateful Eight" is about as close as this pastiche artist is likely to get to the  classical tradition." In contrast, Owen Gleiberman of the BBC said, "I'm not alone in thinking that it's Tarantino's worst film – a sluggish, unimaginative dud, brimming with venom but not much cleverness." Donald Clarke, writing in "The Irish Times", wrote, "What a shame the piece is so lacking in character and narrative coherence. What a shame so much of it is so gosh-darn boring." A. O. Scott in "The New York Times" said, "Some of the film's ugliness...seems dumb and ill-considered, as if Mr. Tarantino's intellectual ambition and his storytelling discipline had failed  him at the same time." Todd McCarthy of "The Hollywood Reporter" praised the film's production design, idiosyncratic dialogue, and "lip-smackingly delicious" performances, but felt the film was overlong and that Morricone's score was put to too limited use. Scholars Florian Zitzelsberger and Sarah E. Beyvers observe that the film follows Aristotle's unities: "Tarantino's film meticulously adheres to the classical unities of a tragedy, which had been seen as a necessity for the audience's immersion for a long time: 'The Hateful Eight' follows only one plot (unity of action), it is limited to a time  period of 24 hours (unity of time)." Hollis Robbins argues that "The Hateful Eight" is a panoramic Western chamber drama: "Tarantino's eighth film demands to be seen not as a revisionist but a newly visioned western, using the mythmaker's tools to offer a panoramic vision of racial sovereignty undone by random violence." Police boycott. In October 2015, Tarantino attended a Black Lives Matter rally and publicly commented on police brutality in the United States, saying, "When I see murders, I do not stand by... I have to call a murder a murder, and I have to call the  murderers the murderers." Tarantino's comments received national media attention, and several police groups in the United States pledged to boycott "The Hateful Eight" and his other films. New York City Police Benevolent Association president Patrick J. Lynch said: "With nearly one million law enforcement officers in this country who have families and friends who support them, the impact that police have economically on a product or project is immense. The law enforcement boycott of cop-hater Quentin Tarantino's movie is one demonstration of that economic power." Tarantino responded that he was not a "cop hater" and would not  be intimidated by the calls for a boycott. Richard Johnson of the "New York Post" claimed "The Hateful Eight" was a "box-office disaster, and the police officers who boycotted the movie are taking credit". However, "Forbes" rebutted this claim, writing that the film, while not as commercially successful as some of Tarantino's other films, was not a "box-office disaster", and cast doubt on claims that a boycott had a strong effect on sales. Race issues. Tarantino told "GQ" that race issues were part of his creative process and were inescapable, saying: "I wasn’t trying to bend  over backwards in any way, shape, or form to make it socially relevant. But once I finished the script, that's when all the social relevancy started." He told "The Telegraph" he wrote "The Hateful Eight" to reflect America's fraught racial history, with the splitting of the cabin into northern and southern sides and a speech about the perils of "frontier justice". A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" observed that the film rejects the Western genre's tradition of ignoring America's racial history, but felt its handling of race issues was "dumb and ill-considered", and  wrote: "Tarantino doesn’t make films that are 'about race' so much as he tries to burrow into the bowels of American racism with his camera and his pen. There is no way to do that and stay clean." Sex issues. Some critics expressed unease at the treatment of the Daisy Domergue character, who is the subject of repeated physical and verbal abuse and finally hanged in a sequence, which, according to Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com, "lingers on Daisy's death with near-pornographic fascination". A. O. Scott felt the film "mutates from an exploration of racial animus into  an orgy of elaborately justified misogyny". Laura Bogart regarded the treatment of Daisy Domergue as a "betrayal" of the positive female characters in previous Tarantino films, such as "Kill Bill". Juliette Peers wrote that "compared to the stunning twists and inversions of norms that Tarantino's other works offer when presenting female characters, "The Hateful Eight"'s sexual politics seem bleakly conservative. Daisy is feisty and highly intelligent, yet the plotline is arbitrarily stacked against her." Conversely, Courtney Bissonette of "Bust" praised Tarantino's history of female characters and wrote of Domergue's treatment: "This is equality, man, and it 's more feminist to think that a criminal is getting treated the same despite her sex. They don't treat her like a fairy princess because she is a woman, they treat her like a killer because she is a killer." Sophie Besl of Bitch Flicks argued that Domergue received no special treatment as a woman, is never sexually objectified, and has agency over her own actions (including killing her captor). She defended the hanging scene as in the filmic tradition of villains "getting what's coming to [them]", and that equivalent scenes with male villains in previous Tarantino films  raised no objections. However, Matthew Stogdon felt that as Domergue's crimes are not explained, her status as a criminal deserving execution is not established, breaking the narrative rule of "show, don't tell". Walton Goggins described the two survivors cooperating in the hanging as symbolic of a positive step to erase racism: "I see it as very uplifting, as very hopeful, and as a big step in the right direction, as a celebration, as a changing of one heart and one mind." However, Sasha Stone, writing for "Awards Daily," felt it was implausible for Domergue to "represent, somehow, all  of the evil of the South, all of the racism, all of the injustice. She's a tiny thing. There is no point in the film, or maybe one just barely, when Daisy inflicts any violence upon anyone – and by then it could be argued that she is only desperately trying to defend herself. She is handcuffed to Kurt Russell, needing his permission to speak and eat, and then punched brutally in the face whenever she says anything." Tarantino intended the violence against Domergue to be shocking and wanted the audience's allegiances to shift during the story. He said : "Violence is hanging over every one of those characters like a cloak of night. So I'm not going to go, 'OK, that's the case for seven of the characters, but because one is a woman, I have to treat her differently.' I'm not going to do that." Stage adaptation. In early 2016, Tarantino announced that he plans to adapt "The Hateful Eight" as a stage play.