Sonny Barger
Ralph Hubert "Sonny" Barger (born October 8, 1938) is an American outlaw biker, author, and actor who is a founding member (1957) of the Oakland, California chapter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. He is the author of five books, and has appeared on television and in film. Early life. Ralph Hubert Barger was born in Modesto, California on October 8, 1938. His mother abandoned the family when Barger was four months old, leaving him and his older sister Shirley to be raised by their grandmother and alcoholic father. Growing up in Oakland, he was suspended from school  several times for assaulting teachers, and he often fought with other boys. He dropped out of school in the tenth grade. Although many of his school friends became drug addicts, Barger worked at a grocery store and enlisted in the Army aged sixteen in 1955, but was given an honorable discharge fourteen months later when it was discovered that he had forged his birth certificate in order to be able to join. After his return from the Army, Barger drifted between menial jobs and lived with his father in a single residence at a hotel, later moving in with his  sister and her children. Hells Angels. Barger joined his first motorcycle club, the Oakland Panthers, in 1956. After that club disbanded, he started riding with another group of bikers, one of whom, Don "Boots" Reeves, wore a patch – a small skull wearing an aviator cap set within a set of wings – that belonged to a defunct motorcycle club in North Sacramento. Founding their own club named the Hells Angels on April 1, 1957, each member wore the patch, later known as the Hells Angels' "Death's Head" logo, after having duplicates made at a trophy store in Hayward. Barger and  the Oakland Hells Angels were unaware at the time that there were several other, loosely affiliated, clubs using the same name throughout California. With Barger as president, the Oakland Hells Angels travelled to southern California and amalgamated with the other Hells Angels chapters, dividing territory and forming club bylaws. While infighting did take place between the chapters, conflicts predominantly arose with other clubs such as the Gypsy Jokers. With Otto Friedli, the founder of the original San Bernardino Hells Angels chapter, in jail, Barger was proclaimed national president in 1958. One of his first actions was to relocate the club 's mother chapter – the "de facto" national headquarters – from San Bernardino to Oakland. Later that year, Barger suffered a fractured skull during a fight with Oakland police. Barger was employed as a machine operator from 1960 to 1965, when he was dismissed due to extended absences. His criminal record began in 1963 after he was arrested for possession of marijuana. He was arrested again on the same charge the following year, and for assault with a deadly weapon in 1965 and 1966. In the late 1960s, Barger began selling heroin and also developed an addiction to cocaine. Between 1966 and  1973, the majority of Barger's legitimate personal income was derived from advising various film projects. According to former Oakland Hells Angels chapter vice-president George "Baby Huey" Wethern – who later testified against the club and entered the Federal Witness Protection Program – in his 1978 book "A Wayward Angel", Barger convened a meeting of the leaders of the Hells Angels and other California motorcycle clubs in 1960 in which the various clubs parleyed over the mutual problem of police harassment. The clubs voted to ally under a "one percenter" patch to be worn on their respective colors. The term refers  to a comment allegedly made by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) that 99% of motorcyclists were law-abiding citizens, implying the last one percent were outlaws. The Oakland chapter, with Barger serving as its president, assumed an informal position of authority within the Hells Angels that began following a standoff with local police and the California Highway Patrol in the aftermath of an outlaw motorcycle meeting in Porterville in September 1963. On October 16, 1965, six Hells Angels members were arrested and a police sergeant suffered a broken leg when a group of bikers attacked anti-Vietnam War demonstrators in  Berkeley. The incident led to a collection of students, left-wing political groups and labor unions led by Allen Ginsberg and Jerry Rubin meeting with motorcycle club representatives, headed by the president of the Sacramento HAMC chapter, in the cafeteria at San Jose State College, seeking assurance that a planned Vietnam Day Committee protest march in Oakland on November 20 would go undisturbed. On November 19, five Hells Angels led by Barger held a press conference at their bail bondsman's office, announcing that the club would not attend the protest the following day as "Any physical encounter would only  produce sympathy for this mob of traitors", according to Barger. He went on to read out a telegram sent to President Lyndon B. Johnson, reading "I volunteer a group of loyal Americans for behind the line duty in Vietnam. We feel that a crack group of trained guerillas could demoralize the Viet Cong and advance the cause of freedom." President Johnson did not reply to the letter. For at least five years beginning in 1967, Barger and the Hells Angels turned over weapons acquired on the black market or locations of weapons, which could otherwise be used by Black Panther  Party and Weather Underground radicals, to the Oakland Police Department (OPD) in exchange for the release of jailed Hells Angels members. OPD sergeant Edward "Ted" Hilliard testified in 1972 that he accepted guns, dynamite and grenades from Barger personally in return for deals on arrests during at least fifteen separate meetings, the most recent of which took place in the spring of 1971. Hilliard also testified that Barger had offered "to deliver the bagged body of a leftist for every Angel released from jail". He denied, however, that authorities permitted crimes committed by the Hells Angels. Barger was among thirty -three members of the Oakland chapter arrested on drug charges after police raided a bar and a duplex apartment in the city on August 30, 1968. $7,000 worth of heroin and $2,500 worth of other narcotics were confiscated, as were firearms – including an M16 rifle, two shotguns and an M1 carbine – and a large cache of ammunition, knives, chains and suspected stolen merchandise. Barger was one of the Hells Angels present at the Rolling Stones' Altamont Free Concert on December 6, 1969, where concert goers and musicians alike were subjected to violence from the bikers, including Marty Balin  of Jefferson Airplane who was knocked unconscious and audience member Meredith Hunter who was stabbed to death. After the concert and critical media attention given to the HAMC, Barger went on a local California radio station to justify the actions of the Hells Angels and to present their side of the story. He claimed that violence only started once the crowd began vandalizing the Hells Angels' motorcycles. Barger would later claim that Hunter fired a shot which struck a Hells Angels member with what he described as "just a flesh wound." Trials and imprisonment. On April 11, 1970, Barger was  arrested on narcotics charges after Donald Howarth, a film studio property manager and 1967 Mr. America from Studio City, was apprehended while walking towards Barger's home with 17 ounces of cocaine and 30 ounces of heroin (with an estimated retail worth of $350,000) in a suitcase. Barger temporarily resigned as president of the Oakland chapter in June 1970 to fight the charges, but returned to the position within months after his successor, John "Johnny Angel" Palomar, was sentenced to a ten-year prison term for shooting a bartender. The drug charges against Barger were later dismissed, although Howarth  was convicted and sentenced to serve five years-to-life in prison. Barger was, however, sentenced to ninety days in jail after walking out of a court session. Barger and four other Hells Angels were charged with attempted murder, kidnapping and assault with a deadly weapon after being arrested while driving through Redwood Regional Park by park rangers who discovered two bound, gagged and beaten club prospects in the trunk of the vehicle on January 22, 1972. All five pleaded guilty to a lesser charge of unlawful imprisonment. Along with fellow Hells Angels members Sergey Walton, Donald Duane "Whitey" Smith  and "Oakland" Gary Popkin, Barger was charged with the May 21, 1972 murder of Servio Winston Agero – a drug dealer from McAllen, Texas who had travelled to Oakland with a consignment of narcotics for sale – which allegedly occurred following a dispute over an $80,000 cocaine deal. A prosecution witness, Richard Ivaldi, testified that he witnessed Barger shoot Agero dead as he slept at the home of an absent acquaintance, and that Barger subsequently ordered the others to set fire to the residence. Barger and his three co-defendants were acquitted on December 29, 1972 following a seven-week trial  after Ivaldi's credibility came under scrutiny. On March 16, 1973, Barger was sentenced to a prison term of ten years-to-life after he was convicted of possession of narcotics for sale (37 grams of heroin), and possession of a weapon by a convicted felon. His girlfriend, Sharon Gruhlke, was a co-defendant; her case ended in a mistrial when a jury failed to reach a verdict. According to police intelligence reports, Barger had designated San Jose chapter president Fillmore Cross as his international successor during a motorcycle run at Bass Lake prior to his imprisonment. Cross was also  imprisoned, for possession of amphetamine in 1975, however, and Barger allegedly continued to lead the Hells Angels from his cell at Folsom Prison. He was paroled on November 3, 1977 after serving four-and-a-half years of his sentence. Barger was arrested on a parole violation charge of possession of firearms when police officers discovered a 9mm automatic pistol, a .38 caliber revolver and a rifle after arriving at his Oakland home on March 27, 1978 to serve a subpoena and to conduct a parole search. The case was dismissed when Barger's wife Sharon testified that the  guns belonged to her, not her husband. Barger and his wife were among thirty-three members and associates of the Hells Angels' Oakland, San Francisco, Marin County, San Jose, Los Angeles and Vallejo chapters indicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act statutes on June 13, 1979. The prosecution team, representing the federal government, attempted to demonstrate a pattern of behavior to convict Barger and other members of the club of racketeering offenses related to illegal weapons and drugs. On July 2, 1980, following an eight-month trial in which 194 witnesses testified, a mistrial was declared when a  jury failed to reach a verdict on counts against eighteen defendants. Of the remaining twelve, nine were convicted and three – including Sonny and Sharon Barger – were acquitted. In 1983, Barger was diagnosed with throat cancer and temporarily handed control of the club over to his second-in-command, Michael O'Farrell, while he received and recovered from treatment. On November 10, 1987, thirteen Hells Angels including Barger were arrested on narcotics, weapons, explosives and conspiracy charges during a series of raids carried out by the FBI, ATF and California State Police in the San Francisco Bay Area, which also resulted in  the seizure of over a hundred weapons, more than $1 million in cash and drugs, and three methamphetamine laboratories. The operation in the Bay Area was executed in synchronization with raids on various other HAMC chapters in four other states – producing a total of thirty-eight arrests – and concluded a two-year FBI investigation of the club, which commenced in 1985 after Anthony John Tait, sergeant-at-arms of the Anchorage, Alaska Hells Angels chapter, volunteered to become a paid informant. Travelling the country at government expense, Tait made documented purchases of weapons, explosives and drugs from the Hells  Angels. He also covertly recorded club meetings by wearing a wire. During one such meeting, Barger admiringly told Tait he represented the "Hells Angel of the '90s" – clean-cut, articulate and able to get club business done. Barger and nine other Hells Angels from California and Alaska were extradited to Louisville, Kentucky to face trial for conspiring to transport firearms and explosives across state lines in order to kill members of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club in retaliation for the death of John Cleave Webb, the Anchorage HAMC chapter president who was shot and killed by two Outlaws members outside a  biker bar in Jefferson County, Kentucky on August 12, 1986. Barger was convicted of conspiracy on October 28, 1988 and was sentenced to a four-year prison term the following year. 1990s–present. Barger was released from FCI Phoenix in Arizona on November 6, 1992 after serving three-and-a-half years of a four-year sentence. To celebrate the end of his parole, he held a private party in Livermore on November 6, 1994, which was attended by approximately 700 guests, including the politicians Gary Condit and Ben Nighthorse Campbell. Colorado state senator Nighthorse Campbell had allegedly tried to  use his influence to have Barger released from prison earlier. In 1998, Barger returned to Arizona to join the Hells Angels' Cave Creek chapter. The club was established in the state the year before following a patch-over of the Dirty Dozen Motorcycle Club, which was promulgated during a meeting in Oakland in October 1997. Barger was present at the Hellraiser Ball, a tattoo and motorcycle trade exposition in Plainview, New York sponsored by the Long Island chapter of the HAMC, which was ambushed by dozens of members of the rival Pagan's Motorcycle Club on February 23, 2002, resulting  in one biker being killed and at least ten injured. A Hells Angel was charged with second-degree murder and seventy-three Pagan members were indicted on federal racketeering charges in the aftermath of the incident. Increasing tensions between the Hells Angels and other motorcycle clubs led to Barger organizing a peace conference scheduled to be held in the Arizona desert following the April 2002 Laughlin River Run motorcycle rally in Laughlin, Nevada. The meeting was cancelled, however, as a result of the River Run riot, a confrontation between members of the Hells Angels and the Mongols Motorcycle Club at  the rally which ended with three deaths. Barger left Arizona in October 2016, returning to the Oakland chapter. On May 3, 2018, he testified in the racketeering trial of Bandidos Motorcycle Club former national president Jeffrey Fay Pike and former vice-president Xavier John Portillo after being called as a defense witness by lawyers for Pike. Unable to travel to the trial in San Antonio, Texas due to medical reasons, Barger testified via video link from the federal courthouse in San Francisco, denying that the Hells Angels and the Bandidos were enemies. Barger's testimony challenged earlier assertions by government  witnesses who testified that Anthony Benesh, a motorcyclist who was shot dead in Austin, Texas on March 18, 2006 after attempting to establish a Hells Angels chapter in the city, was killed by Bandidos members because he had ignored the club's warnings to not set up a HAMC chapter in Texas. Television, film and writing. Sonny Barger features prominently in Hunter S. Thompson's book, "" (1966). Barger and the Hells Angels are also depicted in Tom Wolfe's "The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test" (1968), during Ken Kesey's La Honda encampment. He appears in the documentary film about  the Altamont Free Concert: "Gimme Shelter" (1970). Onscreen, Barger was identified but did not speak in "Hells Angels on Wheels" (1967) and was one of several members of the Angels who had speaking parts playing themselves in "Hell's Angels '69" (1969); he has appeared in several additional films. In 2000, Barger became a best-selling author with his autobiography, "Hell’s Angel: The Life and Times of Sonny Barger and the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club". He subsequently wrote several biker-related novels. In more recent years, Barger has worked to promote motorcycle safety; he co-authored a book on  the subject with Darwin Holmstrom (the author of "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Motorcycles" (1998)) titled "Let's Ride: Sonny Barger's Guide to Motorcycling" (2010). On November 30, 2010, Barger made a guest appearance as Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz on the season 3 finale of the FX television series "Sons of Anarchy", about a fictional outlaw motorcycle club, allegedly based on the Hells Angels. Show creator Kurt Sutter spent time with Barger and other members of Hells Angels researching for the show, and acted opposite Barger in his scene. Barger returned on November 29, 2011, in the season  4 finale, part one. Barger's third guest appearance on "Sons of Anarchy" was during season 5, episode 10, which aired on November 13, 2012. Personal life. Barger's first wife Elsie Mae (née George) died on February 1, 1967 from an air bubble in the bloodstream resulting from an illegal abortion. Circa 1969, he began a relationship with Sharon Gruhlke, a former beauty queen from Livermore. Barger married Gruhlke while he was incarcerated at Folsom Prison in 1973. In 1983, Barger was diagnosed with throat cancer, after years of heavy smoking. His diagnosis and treatment was at Fort Miley  VA Hospital in San Francisco. Having stage III laryngeal cancer, a total laryngectomy with bilateral functional neck dissections was performed by Michael Tralla MD, FACS. Consequently since his vocal cords were removed, he learned to vocalize using the muscles in his esophagus. In 1998, Barger returned to Arizona, where he had previously served a prison sentence, with his third wife Noel and stepdaughter Sarrah, joining the Hells Angels' Cave Creek chapter and working as a motorcycle mechanic. On March 7, 2003, Barger was arrested by Maricopa County Sheriff's Office deputies after a reported domestic dispute with his wife, Noel , and stepdaughter, Sarrah, at their home in New River, Arizona. Noel suffered a broken rib and back, and a lacerated spleen. Barger was later sentenced to an eight-day jail term for aggravated assault. He married his fourth wife, Zorana, on June 25, 2005. Barger underwent surgery as a result of prostate cancer in 2012. His prostate was removed and he was subsequently declared free of cancer.