Telephone numbers in Europe
Telephone numbers in Europe are managed by the national telecommunications authorities of each country. The country calling codes start primarily with "3" and "4", however, some countries that by the Copenhagen criteria are considered part of Europe have country codes from the Asia range, starting with "9". The international access code (dial out code) has been standardized as "00," as recommended by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Other European countries/territories. † = Disputed state, may not be recognized as an independent state by some or all European Union members. <nowiki>*</nowiki>A variable dialing plan  has different dialing procedures for local and long-distance telephone calls. A call within the same city or within an area is dialed only by the subscriber number, while for calls outside the area, the number must be prefixed with the destination area code. For fixed dialing plan it is always required to dial all digits of the complete telephone number, including any area codes, if implemented. Asian regions with European history or heritage. Despite fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria for being part of Europe the following countries are in the Asian numbering group, having a country code starting with "9 : One country that is geographically in Asia but is considered part of Europe for cultural and historical reasons, belong to the European group 3": Harmonized service numbers. The following service numbers are harmonized across the European Union: Single numbering plan (1996 proposal). Proposed Country Code: 3 In 1996, the European Commission proposed the introduction of a single telephone numbering plan, in which all European Union member states would use the code '3'. Calls between member states would no longer require the use of the international access code '00'. Instead the digit "1" was proposed for these calls, replaced by +3  for call from outside the EU. Each country would have a two-digit country code after the 1 or the +3. Calls inside each country would not be affected. "Option 3 : Creation, in addition to providing numbers for special services, of a clear European numbering identity (three digit numbering codes) by using the number "3" to proceed current national country codes (e.g. "333" for France or "344" for the UK). This would liberate up to 50 new country codes within Europe and allow the current codes starting with number "4" to be recycled within the world-wide numbering plan." This  proposal would have required states like Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark and others, whose country codes began with the digit '4', to return these to the International Telecommunication Union. This would create four different ways of calling someone. For example, to call a number in Berlin, in Germany: Such a scheme would also have affected Spain which uses +34. For example, to call someone in Barcelona: States like Ireland, Portugal, Cyprus and Finland, which used codes in the '35x' range, would adopt a different format. For example, to call a number in Dublin, Ireland: A Green Paper on the proposal  was published, but it was felt by many in the industry that the disruption and inconvenience of such a scheme would outweigh any advantages. A disadvantage would have been that every local number beginning with "1" would have had to be changed (except emergency number which would be kept). Another disadvantage would be that people wanting to call France (e.g. Southeast France using +33 4...) using an old number would connect another country like Spain, or people wanting to call Spain (e.g. +34 9...) would end up in e.g. Germany if they use an old number. The EU proposal should  not be confused with the European Telephony Numbering Space (ETNS) scheme, which uses the country code +388, and was intended to complement, rather than replace, existing national numbering plans.