André Géraud
André Géraud (18 October 1882 – 11 December 1974) was a French journalist and animal rights advocate who wrote under the pseudonym Pertinax. Biography. Géraud studied history at Bordeaux University and in 1905 joined the Landon Bureau of L'Écho de Paris. Three years later he became their chief British correspondent. He wrote on international affairs for "The Pall Mall Gazette" in 1910 and "The Daily Telegraph" in 1912. Géraud was an early advocate of animal rights. In 1924, he authored "Déclaration des droits de l'animal" which was re-published in 1939. Because the book was never translated into English , Géraud is rarely cited in English-language literature relating to animal rights, unlike Henry Stephens Salt who is often cited. The book influenced UNESCO's Universal Declaration of Animal Rights in 1978. The book put forward the idea of an "animal code" based on three guiding principles. Animals must be happy otherwise they suffer, the sufferings inflicted on animals must be strictly indispensable and the pleasures allowed to animals are justified and must not be deprived. Géraud commented that "the Declaration of Animal Rights in the twentieth century shall be the counterpart of the Declaration of Human Rights in the  eighteenth century". Following the Fall of France in June 1940, Géraud sailed to America on a British destroyer. "Time" called him "France's No. 1 journalist-in-exile" who had a "reputation for perspicacity".