List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
The following is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state or government of their respective countries since the interwar period (1918–1939). The first list includes female presidents who are heads of state and may also be heads of government, as well as female heads of government who are not concurrently head of state, such as prime ministers. The list does not include female monarchs who are heads of state (but not of government). Yevgenia Bosch is sometimes considered the first modern woman leader  of a national republican government. She was Minister of Interior and the Acting Leader of the People's Secretariat of Ukraine in the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets of 1917–18, one of Lenin's Soviet puppet states that existed on the territory of Ukraine during the Soviet–Ukrainian War. Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, of the mostly unrecognized and now defunct Tuvan People's Republic, is regarded as "first ever elected woman head of state in the world". She became the chair of the country's presidium in 1940. The first woman to be democratically elected as prime minister of a  country was Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka), when she led her party to victory at the 1960 general election. The first woman to serve as president of a country was Isabel Perón of Argentina, who as vice-president succeeded to the presidency in 1974 after the death of her husband. The first woman elected president of a country was Vigdís Finnbogadóttir of Iceland, who won the 1980 presidential election as well as three later elections, to become the longest-serving non-hereditary female head of state in history (16 years and 0 days in office). Prime ministers  of Namibia, Peru, and Uganda are included in the list of elected or appointed female deputy heads of government as they are neither heads of government, nor deputy heads of state due to the existence of the office of vice president in these countries; whereas prime ministers of South Korea are included in the lists of elected or appointed female deputy heads of state and government. Elected or appointed female chief executives. This list includes women who were appointed by a governing committee or parliament where heads of state or government are not directly elected by citizens. The list does  not include women chosen by a hereditary monarch. Elected or appointed acting female chief executives. This list includes women elected or appointed in an acting capacity, wherein they assumed a vacated office on a temporary basis. Female viceregal representatives. Below are women who have been appointed representatives of heads of state, such as female governors-general and French representatives of Andorra. As governors-general are appointed representatives of the monarch of the Commonwealth realms (currently Elizabeth II) and the French Representatives of Andorra are appointed representatives of the French Co-Prince of Andorra (currently Emmanuel Macron), they act as heads  of state and carry out on a regular basis the functions and duties associated with such a role in the Commonwealth realms (excluding the United Kingdom, which has no governor-general, as the monarch of the Commonwealth realms primarily resides there) and Andorra, respectively. Acting female viceregal representatives. This list includes women appointed as viceregal representatives in an acting capacity, wherein they assumed a vacated office on a temporary basis.