Immortal Regiment
The Immortal Regiment () is a massive civil event staged in major cities in Russia and around the world every 9 May during the Victory Day celebrations. It is also a public non-profit organization, created in Russia on a voluntary basis with the aim of "immortalizing" the memory of home front workers, armed forces service personnel, partisans, personnel of resistance organizations, and personnel of law enforcement and emergency services. It involves people carrying on the memory of war veterans, with participants carrying pictures of relatives and/or family friends who served in the country's labor sector, paramilitary units , the Soviet Armed Forces and law enforcement organizations during the Second World War. History. Origins. The 1941–45 period of World War II is known in Russia as the "Great Patriotic War". During this war, which included many of the most lethal battle operations in human history, Soviet civilian and military casualties were about 27 million, accounting for a third of all World War II casualties. The full demographic loss to the Soviet peoples was even greater. During the Soviet Union's existence, the Victory Day was celebrated throughout the USSR and in the countries of the Eastern Bloc. The war  became a topic of great importance in cinema, literature, history lessons at school, the mass media, and the arts. Even before the name appeared, similar actions were organized in some cities of the USSR. The earliest known was held in 1965, marking the 20th anniversary, when students of Novosibirsk school number 121 walked through the streets of the city with photographs of participants in the war. In 1981, on the Square of the Fighters of the Revolution in Art. A procession of mothers in black robes with portraits of their dead sons (the idea belonged to the director Yulia Sinelnikova ) took place in the Rostov Oblast. In the post-Soviet years, similar events took place both in Russia and in a number of other countries. In Jerusalem in 1999, citizens took to the streets portraits of soldiers on Victory Day. In 2007, the Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Tyumen Region Gennady Ivanov, conceived a parade of citizens holding pictures in a procession, with him gaining the idea of organizing a "Parade of Victors", in which people with portraits of their front-line relatives walked along the main Tyumen street. The initiative, at the call of Gennady Ivanov , was taken up by other regions of Russia, and two years later the "Parade of Winners" took place in Kazan, Kemerovo, and about 20 regions. In 2010, on the initiative of the Deputy Mayor of Moscow Lyudmila Shvetsova, a procession with photographs of veterans first took place in the capital. Transition from an idea to a global event. First event with this name. In 2011, journalists Sergey Lapenkov, Sergey Kolotovkin and Igor Dmitriev noticed that fewer and fewer veterans took part in street processions on Victory Day. In the spirit of the holiday, they built on this idea and created  an official organization. 9 May 2012 became the birth date of the movement in its modern form. A column of city residents passed through the streets of Tomsk, who carried placards with photographs of their relatives who fought in the Great Patriotic War. The rally, called the Immortal Regiment, was attended by more than six thousand people who carried more than two thousand portraits of war participants. Expansion of the geography of the event (2012-2014). Since it was conceived in 2007, the initiative has been met with unprecedented support. Coverage in regional and federal Media has led to the  popularity of the idea proposed by the creators of the action, has increased dramatically. After May 2012, a community of coordinators from different cities and countries began to take shape around Tomsk. In December 2012, representatives of more than 15 cities of Russia expressed a desire to organize an action. By February 2013, the number of cities had grown to 30 and was also expanded to four countries: Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Israel (, "Immortal Regiment in Israel" is a nonprofit non-political organization in charge of the event). Global promotion (since 2015). Since it was introduced in 2012, it has  been conducted in cities such as Moscow, Washington D.C., Dushanbe, Berlin, and Yekaterinburg. By 2015 it had received national status. The Immortal Regiment therefore has become one of the most important elements of the celebrations of Victory Day in Russia. In 2015, the "Immortal Regiment" was held in 1150 settlements of 17 countries, and 42 countries in 2016. In 2015, Moscow organizers proposed a march of the Immortal Regiment on the Red Square. To obtain the necessary permission, a corresponding request was sent to the President of the Russian Federation on behalf of three public organizations: the Immortal Regiment - Moscow , the All-Russian Popular Front and the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation. On 9 May 2015, the event took place for the first time on the Red Square, immediately after the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade in honor of the 70th anniversary. The intention to participate in the procession was expressed by more than 150 thousand people. According to the Moscow Police, more than 50 thousand people took part in it, including Russian President Vladimir Putin. The procession column passed from Belorusskaya Square to the Kremlin and completed the procession on Moskvoretskaya Embankment. The procession cost the state budget  about 7,000,000 Russian rubles. Criticism. Critics, which even include Igor Dmitriev (the founder of the Immortal Regiment), have primarily alleged that the procession has turned into an attempt by the government to promote its own domestic and foreign policies, rather than to honor the memories of the millions who perished in the war. It has also come under criticism by those who charge that many of its participants have carried random photographs and discarded them after the event. At the end of summer and autumn of 2018, various left-wing forces organized the "Shameful Regiment" marches, on which photographs of  prominent political figures who supported raising the retirement age. It took place as part of the 2018 Russian pension protests. Description. The main procession in Moscow usually follows the Moscow Victory Day Parade in the morning, and is a televised event aired all over the world. The front line of the procession carries a banner with the words "Bessmertniy Polk" written on it. Up to 12 million Russians have participated in the march nationwide in recent years. There are also a number of local marches following the same procedure in many Russian cities, including regional and republican capitals and major  economic hubs. In Belarus the nongovernmental, independent procession has been met with a strong opposition from Lukashenko's government, to give an advantage to governmental processions and events on the day. In Russia. Since 2015, the President Vladimir Putin and senior Russian officials have participated in the procession in Moscow. In 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and the postponement of the 2020 Moscow Victory Day Parade, the Immortal Regiment march, which was supposed to be held on 9 May, was also postponed and was announced to be held Navy Day in a video-conference with  President Putin and Minister Sergey Shoygu. The reason that was given by President Putin was that "it is impossible to observe any distance by definition" in light of the pandemic. These plans were later scrapped and the march was postponed until 2021. The "de facto" Immortal Regiment that was held on 9 May took the form of an online webcast, being viewed more than 20 million times. It was the first time something like this was held, with more than 200 media screens throughout Moscow. In other countries. Other nations. The procession is also done in the following countries: Many  of the traditions and customs in Israel during Victory in Europe Day are the same as in Russia, with Immortal Regiment marches being held in cities with large populations of Red Army veterans and their descendants.