Northern Stormwater Interceptor, Bristol
The Northern Storm Water Interceptor (NSWI), is a large stormwater tunnel that acts as a flood prevention measure for Bristol, England. Building of the storm drain started in 1951 to relieve flooding over many parts of Bristol, and was completed in 1962. It is some in diameter and runs from the River Frome at Eastville to the Black Rocks Quarry in the Avon Gorge. Originally proposed by the County Surveyors Frederick Ashmead and Col T H Yabbicom in the 1890s, due to the Great War, the Depression and the Second World War, construction was postponed until  1951. The scheme was reborn after the floods in Bristol 1947. The Tunnel was designed by Bristol City Engineers including Peter Steele and Bernard Smission from 1947. The tunnel was blasted through limestone, Dolimitic conglomerate and Keuper marl and lined with a thick concrete lining. At its deepest the tunnel is deep. Smission invented the Energy Dissipating Vortex Drop Pipe System of which two were constructed along the tunnel. The technology has since been used in Chicago, New York and closer to home in Plymouth. The future management of flooding risk in the Eastville area is under consideration. Northern Stormwater