Anthony Adducci
Anthony J. Adducci (August 14, 1937 – September 19, 2006) was a pioneer of the medical device industry in Minnesota. He is best known for co-founding Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc., the company that manufactured the world's first lithium battery powered artificial pacemaker. The lithium-iodide cell revolutionized the medical industry and is now the standard cell for pacemakers. Early life and education. Adducci was born in Chicago, Illinois on August 14, 1937, to Alexander James Adducci and Valeria Maria (Vigna, Bona) Adducci. Adducci's maternal grandfather, Lorenzo Valerio Bona, was Juventus F.C. forward and Commander and Grand Officer  of the Order of the Crown of Italy. Adducci's family originated from the town of Alessandria del Carretto in Italy. In 1951, he graduated from St. Catherine of Genoa Grammar School, in the Roseland neighborhood of Chicago. He attended Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, receiving the BS Physics in 1959. He pursued additional study in electrical engineering at Illinois Institute of Technology and in business administration at the University of Minnesota. Career. In 1960, Adducci was employed as an acoustical engineer for the Jensen Manufacturing Company in Chicago, Illinois where he engaged in the design and development of  loudspeakers and horns. In 1961, he joined International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation in Chicago Illinois where, as a development engineer, he instructed numerous training courses on digital data communication systems and as a senior test engineer directed ITT personnel in electro-interference testing of the Boeing Minuteman (missile) for the Strategic Air Command. He also taught high-level courses to the United States Air Force in Biloxi, Mississippi. While in Chicago in 1963, Adducci worked with a local physician and developed an electronic ear thermometer used to detect the time of ovulation in the human female. He developed an earplug  and a recording device that would measure the tympanic temperature and got his wife, who was a nurse, to measure her temperatures, and they were able to predict ovulations. They published a paper in an IEEE journal (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) biomedical area. In August 1964, he accepted a position with the Sperry Rand Corporation's UNIVAC Division in St. Paul, Minnesota as a system design engineer engaged in the logic design of computer peripheral equipment. In April 1966, he was hired by Earl Bakken, CEO of Medtronic as a Sales Engineer. Adducci was the ninetieth employee at  the time. While at Medtronic he served in various technical and marketing responsibilities including, sales administration manager, and pacemaker consulting specialist. He taught surgeons around the United States the basics of how pacemakers work and how to insert the pacemaker into the body. Adducci was involved in over fifty surgeries while at Medtronic. Cardiac Pacemakers Inc. (CPI). Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. was founded by Anthony Adducci, Manuel Villafana, Arthur Schwalm, and James Baustert, each with experience in a different aspect of the pacemaker business. All four had built their careers at Medtronic. The founding partners had multiple lawsuits by and against  Medtronic, all settled out of court. The first $50,000 capitalization for CPI was raised from a phone booth on the Minneapolis skyway system. They began designing and testing their implantable cardiac pacemaker powered with a new longer-life lithium battery in 1971. The first CPI pacemaker was implanted in June 1973. Within two years, the company sold 8,500 pacemakers increasing sales from zero in 1972 to over $47 million. In December 1978, it was acquired by Eli Lilly and Company for $127 million. "Lilly had the research expertise, highly compatible interests, and similar values," Adducci recalls. "At  CPI, we have not been able to dedicate the dollars and time necessary to develop new products beyond our staple lithium-powered pacemaker. Lilly was a $2 billion company. We knew from those tremendous resources, especially in research and development." In addition, Eli Lilly and CPI already had an interest in developing insulin pumps. Similarly, Lilly was working with cardiovascular drugs, a natural link to CPI's heart pacemaker business. Philanthropy. Adducci founded The Adducci Family Foundation. A Charitable foundation with a special interest in child abuse, battered woman and special educational programs for the elderly. With donations and  support, St. Mary's University of Minnesota named the science building to Adducci Science Center. Held patents. An improved heart pacer including the conventional combination of a pulse generator, electrode means, and electrode leads coupling the pulse generator to the electrodes, wherein the battery power source of the pulse generator is a solid-state battery with a lithium anode and a lithium-iodide electrolyte.(see Wilson Greatbatch, ed.). The pacer structure is enclosed in a hermetically sealed metallic enclosure, with means being provided in the enclosure for passing electrode leads in sealed relationship therethrough. The outer surface of the casing is  polished metal and is continuous in all areas. In certain instances, the continuity may be with the exception of the zone through which the external electrode leads pass. Personal. In August 1998 he became the Commander of the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office Community Service Posse in Arizona. Adducci was married to Sandra Gordon. They had three children: Michael, Brian, and Alicia and six grandchildren. Adducci died in Scottsdale, Arizona on September 19, 2006, of Multifocal motor neuropathy at the age of 69.