Patna district
Patna district is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state in eastern India. Patna, the capital of Bihar, is the district headquarters. The Patna district is a part of Patna division. As of 2011, it is the most populous district of Bihar and fifteenth most populous district in India. The revenue district of Patna comes under the jurisdiction of a District Collector (District Magistrate). The office of the Patna DM is in Patna Collectorate. History. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world. Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king  of Magadha. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta and Pala empires. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. Patliputra was home to many mathematicians, astronomers, astrologists and scholars including Gautam Buddha, Aryabhata, Panini, Vātsyāyana, Chanakya and Kālidāsa. Its population during the Maurya period (around 400 BCE) was about 400,000. Patna served as the seat of power, political and cultural centre of the Indian subcontinent. With the fall of Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. It was revived again in the 17th century by the British  as a centre of international trade. Modern history. The modern district of Patna was created in September 1770 as provincial council by the British, to supervise revenue matters of Bihar. In 1793, Patna became a separate judicial district. This led the foundation of modern district. The re-organization of the districts in the State took effect in 1972. On November 9, 1972 Nalanda district was constituted by carving out the Bihar Sharif sub-division of Patna district. Geography. Patna district occupies an area of , bounded by the Son River to the west, and the Ganges to the north. In the  south, it is bordered by the Nalanda, Arwal, by Jehanabad districts, in the east by Begusarai district, and by Lakhisarai to the southeast. Blocks. The district has 23 blocks: Patna Sadar, Phulwari Sharif, Sampatchak, Paliganj, Fatuha, Khusrupur, Daniyawaan, Bakhtiyarpur, Barh, Belchi, Athmalgola, Mokama, Pandarak, Ghoswari, Bihta, Maner, Danapur, Naubatpur, Bikram, Masaurhi, Dhanarua, Punpun. Industries. In Patna the most Industries are located in Fatuha to DidarGanj. Sub-divisions. Patna district comprises six sub-divisions: Assembly constituencies. The district is divided into fourteen assembly constituencies: Parliamentary constituencies. The district has three parliament constituencies: -"Numbers denote constituency number." Demographics. According to the 2011  census Patna is the 15th most populous district, with population of 5,838,465, roughly equal to the nation of Nicaragua or the US state of Maryland.The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 22.34%. Patna has a sex ratio of 897 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 70.68%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.77% and 0.15% of the population respectively. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 46.35% of the population in the district spoke Magahi, 43.77% Hindi, 5.19% Urdu, 2.67% Bhojpuri and 1.24 % Maithili as their first language. Economy. In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Patna one of the country's 250 most backward districts. It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. Agricultural products include paddy, maize, pulses, wheat, and oilseeds. Roughly one-third of the area sown is under rice (paddy). Cash crops such as vegetables and watermelons are also grown in the Diara belt. Major industries include leather, handicrafts, and agro-processing. Education. Schools in Patna are either government run schools or private schools. Schools mainly use Hindi  or English as the medium of instruction. Under the 10+2+3/4 plan, after completing their secondary education, students typically enrol in a school with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the Bihar School Examination Board, the Central Board of Secondary Education, the National Institute of Open Schooling, or the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.