Evrovidenie
' (in ), ' (in ) or simply (in ) is a Russian televised musical competition organized by Russian public broadcasters Channel One (previously ORT) in odd years and Russia-1 (RTR) of VGTRK in even years. The competition is used to select in the Eurovision Song Contest. Since 2005, it has been streamed live online through the respective websites of the broadcasters. Throughout its history, the competition has been held using different names, including (1995), (1996), (2005), (2014), but has been known for most of its history as (1994, 2008–2010, 2012, 2021). The competition has produced one winner, one runner-up and two top  10 placings for Russia in the contest. The results of the other selected representatives have ranged from 11th place in both 2009 and 2010 to a record low of 27th place in the 1996 audio-only qualifying round. At its inception, the winner of Evrovidenie was chosen by panels of jurors, but this changed to a public televoting system for the 2005 edition. The jury structure was then restored for with a combination of jury and televoting used for , , and . In , the contest returned to choosing a winner by public televoting only. History. Early years. The first Russian national final  took place on 12 March 1994 at Shabolovka Studios in Moscow and was broadcast on Russian Television and Radio (RTR). It was organized by the production team of Programma A and was hosted by Vadim Dolgachev. Eleven songs were supposed to participate in the contest, however two were later removed from consideration. This included "Oi oi oi" performed by Alena Apina, which was disqualified after being performed on Russian TV channel 2x2 prior to the competition, thereby violating the rules of the national final and "" performed by Vika Tsiganova, which was withdrawn after Tsiganova wanted to change her contest song , which was not allowed by the rules. A jury composed of representatives of RTR, music industry professionals and representatives of the public selected Youddiph as winner with the song "". Ultimately, Russia finished ninth at Eurovision Song Contest 1994, with 70 points. For the nation's second year in the Eurovision Song Contest, the second Russian broadcaster was to be responsible for the selection of a participant. However, due to the corporatization of Channel One, the entity was replaced with Russian Public Television (ORT) and the new TV company subsequently held the national final on 30 April 1995 in the concert  hall of Cosmos Hotel. A total of nine songs participated. After the votes of the jury panel were counted, there was a tie for the first place between "" performed by Oksana Pavlovskaya and "Epitaphia" performed by Viktoria Vita. Ultimately, the jury decided that neither contestant would represent Russia, deciding to send Philip Kirkorov to the contest instead with the song "". At Eurovision, the song placed 17th out of 23, with 17 points. In 1996, the right to choose Russia's entrant returned to RTR, which decided to return to their 1994 format of an open national final. The event took  place on 2 March 1996 and was hosted by Youddiph, winner of 1994 edition. Fourteen songs took part in the contest. A jury, which was composed of representatives of RTR, music industry professionals and representatives of the public, selected Andrey Kosinsky as winner with the song "". Song "Nekrasivaya", which was one of the participants of 1996 edition, was accused of plagiarism from 1967 song of the same name by Sergey Popov. Initially, Popov, for unknown reasons, was not going to sue Timur Gorsky, who performed the song at the national final and Leonid Velichkovsky, who was declared the author of  the music. However, Popov ultimately decided to sue both Gorsky and Velichkovsky, but eventually lost the trial, despite the fact that the court recognized Popov as the legitimate author of the song. The reason for the loss was that "It is not possible to find out who put Gorsky and Velichkovsky as authors." Kosinsky was subsequently eliminated in the audio-only qualifying round for the Eurovision Song Contest 1996, which was used by the European Broadcasting Union in order to reduce the number of participating nations that would compete in the televised Eurovision final. After the non-qualification, RTR decided  not to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest, leaving ORT (Channel One) as the only remaining broadcaster willing to take part in future years. The nation was then relegated from the 1998 and 1999 contests, before becoming able to return for 2000. For that contest, ORT opened the application window for a national final to take place on 19 February 2000, returning to the format of a national selection for the first time since 1995. However, financial problems at ORT forced them to cancel the event and instead select the Russian entry internally. The artist chosen by the broadcaster was  16-year-old singer Alsou, who took second place in the contest with her song "Solo". In the following years, ORT opted to not hold national selections, switching instead to internally selected entrants. 2004–2011. In 2004, Yuri Aksyuta, Head of the Directorate of Music and Entertainment Broadcasting of Channel One, commented on the lack of national selection stating that "It's too early to trust our public". After the Russian discontent with the candidacy of the internally selected Yulia Savicheva in 2004, Channel One decided to change the format of the selection of contestants by holding a national final in  2005 for the first time since 1996. The national final consisted of three semi-finals, with ten songs in both the first and second semi-finals and nine in third; the third semi-final was initially to consist of ten songs as well, but Sergey Mazaev was late for the event and his song was disqualified. Three artists from each semi-final, chosen by televoting, qualified for the final which took place on 25 February. All shows took place in Ostankino Studios in Moscow and broadcast live three times, once in each of the three Russian time zones. All regions  participated using televoting and SMS, with the results announced during the final broadcast for Western Russia. The winner of the national final was Natalia Podolskaya with the song "Nobody Hurt No One", receiving 20.2% of the votes. Natalia's victory created a scandal because many people were unable to cast their votes for other contestants, raising doubts about the fairness of the process. According to the company Edmar+, which organised the televoting, the capacity of their lines was limited, and when the mass of connections reached a critical volume, some calls and messages were automatically filtered out. At the Eurovision  final, Russia took 15th place out of 24 with 57 points. Among their points was the maximum score of 12 from Belarus, the home country of Podolskaya. Following this result, Channel One decided to return to a internal selection the following year. In 2008, the selection of Russia's Eurovision entrant returned to RTR, with the broadcaster organising a national selection with twenty-five candidates. Later, this number was increased to 27 after RTR added two participants: Sergey Lazarev and 2006 Belarusian Eurovision entrant Polina Smolova. Other participants included the 2006 Russian Eurovision entrant Dima Bilan, who submitted the song  . The song was disqualified when it was discovered that the song was released in 2006 by Argentinian singer Luciano Pereira, violating the Eurovision rule that barred songs from being commercially released before 1 October 2007. The song was replaced with "Believe", which won the event with 54 points, including the maximum score (27) from both the jury and televoting. Russia won that year's Eurovision Song Contest with 272 points. After this victory, Channel One announced a national selection in November 2008 and opened a submission period for interested artists and composers to submit their entries. The initial format of  the national final consisted of three stages: The first stage was for selecting the song, the second for selecting three artists, and the third for selecting the combination of song and artist. This format was later amended by Channel One, where the artists would instead compete with the songs they had entered with. The broadcaster received over a thousand submissions at the conclusion of the deadline. Fifty of them were shortlisted and a jury panel selected fifteen finalists for the national final. On 5 March 2009, Channel One announced that Anastasia Prikhodko would also participate in the national final with  the song "", as a protest against her elimination from the 2009 Ukrainian Eurovision national final, increasing the number of participants to sixteen. The national selection took place on 7 March at Ostankino Studios in Moscow and consisted of two stages. According to the results of the televoting, three superfinalists were selected from sixteen contestants: Anastasia Prikhodko, Valeriya, and the band Kvatro. Out of three applicants, a professional jury selected Anastasia Prikhodko's song "Mamo" as the winner. At the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, the song placed 11th with 91 points. On 9 December 2009, RTR announced a submission period for  artists to apply for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. The broadcaster received over a thousand submissions at the conclusion of the deadline. Thirty-five entries were selected from the received submissions to proceed to auditions held on 1 March 2010 at the Vladimir Nazarov's Theater in Moscow. There, a jury panel selected the twenty-five finalists for the national final. The competing acts were announced on 2 March 2010. Ultimately, at the selection which took place on 7 March in Vladimir Nazarov's Theater in Moscow, the musical group of Peter Nalitch won with the song "Lost and Forgotten . For Eurovision, the band was renamed Peter Nalitch and Friends". Their final placing in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 held in Oslo was 11th, tying that of Anastasia Prikhodko the previous year. In 2011, Channel One canceled the national selection because of declining interest and the channel's claims that internally selected applicants placed higher than ones selected through the national selection process. 2012–2021. After one year of absence, RTR announced on 28 December 2011 that it would reinstate the national selection process, and asked for submissions from artists and composers. The broadcaster received 150 submissions at the conclusion of  the deadline, and between thirty-five and forty entries were selected to proceed to auditions. There, a jury panel selected the twenty-five finalists for the national final, which was supposed to take place on 26 February, but was postponed to 7 March. Ultimately, at the selection held in the Akademichesky Concert Hall in Moscow, the winner was the band Buranovskiye Babushki with the song "Party for Everybody", which received 38.51 points. Runner-ups Dima Bilan and Julia Volkova scored 29.25, and third place Timati and Aida Garifullina scored 26.74. The song finished second at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012  with 259 points. Following the 2012 selection, no Russian national selection was held for eight years. In 2014, a national selection was planned to take place, but was ultimately canceled because the broadcaster thought the song submissions were of poor quality. After the cancellation of the 2014 selection, both RTR and Channel One switched to internal selections. In 2020, Channel One internally selected the band Little Big with the song "Uno" to represent Russia at Eurovision Song Contest 2020. The contest was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and Channel One originally planned to re-select Little Big for the  . However, the band was unable to submit a suitable song, so Channel One decided to hold a national selection for the first time since 2012. The selection committee at Channel One asked several candidates to submit unreleased songs for consideration, and the committee selected three performers for national final: Therr Maitz, #2Mashi and Manizha. The artists selected to participate were announced in the evening of the contest on 8 March and the names of participants were leaked via Instagram two hours before the contest began. The contest took place on 8 March in Mosfilm Studios in Moscow and was won  by Manizha with her song "Russian Woman". The song caused controversy as many Russian viewers took offense to a singer of Tajik descent singing about Russian women and the singer's activism for LGBT and women's rights; they demanded that she drop out of Eurovision. Several Russian politicians, including Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Vitaly Milonov, Valentina Matvienko, Pavel Rudchenko and Yelena Drapeko also criticized Manizha's song. Drapeko suggested banning Manizha from performing in Eurovision under the Russian flag, commenting also that Eurovision offered no cultural value and was too politicized and pro-LGBT. The entry still went on to represent  the nation at the contest in Rotterdam, Netherlands, and in the final Manizha reached 9th place with 204 points, of which 104 points were from the juries and 100 were from televoting. Following the Eurovision final, on 26 May 2021, "Wonderzine" published an article that retold reports from other sources that the national selection was staged, and Manizha's victory was a foregone conclusion. According to the article, Manizha's relatives are connected with state corporations. The next day, Manizha stated that she would file a lawsuit against "Wonderzine" and author of the article Yulia Taratuta. The 2021 selection was  the last Russian national selection to date, as on 25 February 2022, the EBU announced that Russia would not compete at the , stating that "in light of the unprecedented crisis in Ukraine, the inclusion of a Russian entry in this year's Contest would bring the competition into disrepute." The following day, all EBU members from Russia, including RTR and Channel One, announced their withdrawal from the union, according to a statement released by Russian state media, marking the end of Russian participation in Eurovision for the foreseeable future. Series overview. Color key