International Society of Arachnology
The International Society of Arachnology (ISA) promotes the study of arachnids and the exchange of information among researchers in this field. It acts as an umbrella organisation for regional societies and individuals interested in spiders, and related animals, and organises an "International Congress" every three years. History. Conception. The idea of arachnologists coming together for scientific meetings stems from the German zoologist Hermann Wiehle in 1959 . He encouraged Wolfgang Crome (Berlin) and Ernst Kullmann (Bonn) in this matter and a subsequent meeting of the German Zoological Society in Bonn in 1960 was used as a platform  for the first arachnological meeting; with about 20 (mostly German) scientists in attendance. A second meeting, again associated with the German Zoological Society, followed in Saarbrücken in 1961 organised by Otto Kraus, and attracted additional international participation. The third meeting, again organised by Otto Kraus, was held in Frankfurt am Main in 1965 under the title "III. Kongreß europäischer Arachnologen". C.I.D.A.. During preparations for the Frankfurt meeting Otto Kraus and the French zoologist Max Vachon discussed the establishment of a formal organisation to improve international cooperation among arachnologists. In 1963 of the Centre International de Documentation Arachnologique (C.I.D.A.) based at  the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris was formed. Max Vachon was the first "Président" and Otto Kraus the "Président-adjoint"; with Kraus becoming "Président" in 1965 and Vachon "Secrétaire général". A series of national correspondents were also appointed as local representatives of the emerging society. From 1963, C.I.D.A. began to produce, every three years, an "Annuaire des Arachnologistes Mondiaux" – a list of active workers in the field of arachnology, cross-referenced by country and research interests – and a "Liste des Travaux Arachnologiques" – an annual list of recent scientific publications in this field. Following Frankfurt, further international meetings were held  on a regular three year cycle beginning with the "IVème Congrès International d’Arachnologie" in 1968 in Paris, and thereafter known as the "International Congress of Arachnology". ISA. Administration of C.I.D.A. remained for many years in Paris, largely under Jacqueline Heurtault who was elected "Secrétaire général adjoint" in 1968 and "Secrétaire général" in 1983. Following her retirement from the post in 1998, administration of the society moved to Washington, D.C. with Jonathan Coddington at the United States National Museum taking over as Secretary. At the same time a proposal was made at the 1999 Chicago meeting to change the name to  International Society of Arachnology (ISA). This phase also saw the start of a homepage and subsequently an electronic mailing list, which gradually came to replace the older printed documentation such as the "Liste" and the "Annuaire". Earlier international congress proceedings were produced either in special congress volumes or local journals, but since 1999 the proceedings have been published in a dedicated issue of the "Journal of Arachnology" produced by the American Arachnological Society. Since 2002 administration of the society moved to Berlin and Jason Dunlop at the Museum für Naturkunde. From 2007 the society has begun to make a series  of awards during its international meetings to honour senior colleagues in the field. The society. The society is headed by an executive committee which includes a President, Vice-President, Past-President, Treasurer, Secretary and Webmaster; plus a number of ordinary council members. In addition to this, there are regional correspondents. Ideally one is appointed for each country, and they act as local representatives and contact points for questions relating to spiders and other arachnids. A general assembly of the society is held every three years during the international congress. As of 2015, ISA has about 560 members world-wide encompassing  most of the world's professional and semi-professional arachnologists. Society awards. Simon award. Named after Eugène Simon, this award is given for lifetime achievement. Recipients are: Bonnet award. Named after Pierre Bonnet, this award is given for services to the arachnological community. Recipients are: Brignoli award. Named after Paolo Marcello Brignoli, this award is given for a single piece or body of outstanding work. Recipients are: