Lexikos - Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2011
Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2011
Source: Lexikos 21, pp XIII –XVIII (2011)
Dr. J.C.M.D. du Plessis het ons in die Voorwoord van verlede jaar se uitgawe van Lexikos meegedeel dat daardie volume die laaste een sou wees waarvoor hy as redakteur van ons tydskrif sou optree. Hy het aangekondig dat die redakteurskap in die toekoms op &apos;n roterende basis deur proff. Elsabé Taljard, Danie Prinsloo en Rufus Gouws behartig sal word. Ons verwelkom hulle, en veral vir Elsabé, wat bereid was om eerste aan die beurt te wees. Elsabé neem oor op &apos;n tydstip waarin Lexikos maksimaal funksioneer, en soos in die geval van &apos;n 4 x 100-afloswedloop, is hierdie taak ewe afhanklik van bekwaamheid as spoed. Johan, wat Lexikos vir nie minder nie as veertien uit die vorige twintig jaar geredigeer het, het van krag tot krag gegaan met elke nuwe uitgawe. Met volume 20 het ons uitmuntende redakteur &apos;n puik ampstermyn op &apos;n skitterende wyse afgesluit. Met 800 bladsye het Johan se finale uitgawe gegroei tot meer as net &apos;n nommer van &apos;n tydskrif om sodoende sy plek te verseker op die rakke vir die mees gewaardeerde boeke in &apos;n biblioteek, waar dit nou sy aan sy staan met die gewigtigste woordeboeke - heel gepas vir ons vakrigting.
In the Foreword to last year&apos;s volume of Lexikos, Dr. J.C.M.D. du Plessis informed us that that volume was going to be his last as Editor of our journal. He announced that the baton would henceforth be passed on to a rotating triumvirate: Proff. Elsabé Taljard, Danie Prinsloo, and Rufus Gouws. We welcome them, and especially Elsabé, who was found willing to be next in line. Elsabé takes over at a moment when Lexikos has reached top speed, and as in a 4 x 100 relay race, the task is just as much a skill event as it is a speed event. Johan, who had been editing Lexikos for no less than fourteen of the first twenty years, went from strength to strength with each new volume. With Volume 20, our Editor-par-Excellence put a magnificent capstone to an outstanding tenure. Weighing in at 800 pages, Johan&apos;s capstone simply outgrew the concept of a single journal issue, catapulting it to the most valued library shelves, where it now rubs shoulders with the heftiest of dictionaries - quite appropriate for our discipline.
Source: Lexikos 21, pp XI –XII (2011)
Dit is grootliks te danke aan die meesterhand van die vorige redakteur, dr. J.C.M.D. du Plessis, dat Lexikos gedurende die afgelope 14 jaar homself as vaktydskrif van keuse vir beide plaaslike en internasionale leksikograwe gevestig het. Daarvan getuig die verskeidenheid van onderwerpe wat in Lexikos 21 aan die bod kom. Ook in hierdie uitgawe word die oorspronklike doelstellings van Lexikos vergestalt.
It is largely due to the expert touch of the previous editor, Dr. J.C.M.D. du Plessis, that Lexikos has established itself during the last 14 years as the journal of choice for both local and international lexicographers. This is borne out by the range of subjects that is represented in Lexikos 21. In this volume, too, the original objectives of Lexikos are embodied.
Between designer drugs and afterburners : a lexicographic-semantic study of equivalence
Author Arleta Adamska-Salaciak
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 1 –22 (2011)
The lexicons of natural languages are not isomorphic. Reasons for the anisomorphism can be sought on three interrelated planes: language structure, extralinguistic reality, and conceptualisation. Simply put, the relevant differences may reside in the language, the world, the mind, or any combination of these. As a result, what goes under the name of lexicographic equivalence is a rather heterogeneous category. Growing awareness of this fact has resulted over the years in the creation of several tentative typologies of equivalence, one of which is presented below, together with a brief discussion of some strategies for dealing with imperfect equivalence.
The remaining part of the article comprises a detailed analysis of a single problem encountered while preparing a new edition of a bilingual dictionary for Polish learners of English. The task at hand involved choosing a viable counterpart for a (Polish) semantic neologism from among a few (English) equivalence candidates. In the discussion, reference is made both to the metalexicographic categories introduced earlier and to such concepts developed by lexical (especially cognitive) semantics which may prove helpful in capturing the meaning differences between the source-language item and its competing target-language renditions.
This micro-scale dissection of a single specimen demonstrates that we are still some way from being able to classify, let alone deal with, all the instances of imperfect interlingual correspondence that come our way. Persisting in the efforts to advance our understanding of the complex issues covered by the blanket term lexicographic equivalence thus seems crucial for improving the treatment of meaning in bilingual dictionaries.
Tussen designer drugs (ontwerpersdwelms) en afterburners (naverbranders) : &apos;n leksikografies-semantiese studie van ekwivalensie
Die leksikons van natuurlike tale is nie isomorf nie. Redes vir die gebrek aan isomorfie kom op drie onderling verwante vlakke voor: taalstruktuur, die buitetalige realiteit, en konseptualisasie. Anders gestel kan die tersaaklike verskille in die taal, die wêreld, die verstand, of enige kombinasie hiervan aangetref word. Gevolglik is dit wat as leksikografiese ekwivalensie bekend staan &apos;n nogal heterogene kategorie. &apos;n Groeiende bewuswording van hierdie feit het oor die jare daartoe gelei dat verskeie tentatiewe tipologieë van ekwivalensie geskep is, waarvan een hieronder aangebied word, saam met &apos;n kort bespreking van sommige strategieë om onvolledige ekwivalensie te hanteer.
Die oorblywende deel van die artikel bevat &apos;n uitvoerige ontleding van &apos;n enkele probleem wat teëgekom is toe &apos;n nuwe uitgawe van &apos;n tweetalige woordeboek vir Poolse aanleerders van Engels saamgestel is. Die betrokke taak het behels dat &apos;n lewensvatbare teenhanger vir &apos;n (Poolse) semantiese neologisme uit &apos;n paar ekwivalente (Engelse) alternatiewe gekies word. In die bespreking word verwys na sowel die metaleksikografiese kategorieë wat vroeër geopper is, as na konsepte in die leksikale (veral die kognitiewe) semantiek wat sou kon help om die betekenisverskil tussen die brontaalitem en sy kompeterende doeltaalvertalings vas te vang.
Hierdie ontleding van &apos;n enkele voorbeeld op mikroskaal demonstreer dat ons nog ver daarvan is om al die gevalle van onvolledige intertalige ooreenstemming wat ons teëkom te kan klassifiseer, wat nog te sê van te hanteer. Om vol te hou met ons pogings om die komplekse vraagstukke te verstaan wat deur die oorkoepelende term leksikografiese ekwivalensie gedek word, is dit dus uiters belangrik om die hantering van betekenis in tweetalige woordeboeke te verbeter.
National Lexicography Units : past, present, future
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 23 –52 (2011)
Nasionale leksikografiese eenhede : verlede, hede, toekoms
Hierdie artikel handel oor die nasionale woordeboekkantore tydens die voormalige tweetalige bedeling, die huidige meertalige bedeling waarin kantore vir die elf amptelike nasionale woordeboeke funksioneer, en die toekoms van hierdie kantore. Aspekte van die vorige bedeling word bespreek ten opsigte van die behoefte aan en redes vir die stigting van nasionale woordeboekkantore oftewel nasionale leksikografiese eenhede (NLEe). Die soeklig val op voorskrifte van die wetsontwerp oor nasionale leksikografiese eenhede (1996) vir die stigting van sodanige eenhede, sowel as op hul oordrag van die Departement van Kuns, Kultuur, Wetenskap en Tegnologie na die Pan-Suid-Afrikaanse Taalraad. Verder fokus die artikel op die herstrukturering van daardie woordeboekeenhede wat voor die meertalige bedeling bestaan het en die stigting van nuwe woordeboekeenhede vir die amptelike Afrikatale. Die huidige bedeling word ondersoek en die praktiese situasie by die NLEe word bespreek ten opsigte van behuising, administrasie, befondsing, bestuur, opleiding, rekenarisering, samewerking, produksie en dergelike. Die artikel eindig met vrae en bedenkings oor die toekoms van die nasionale leksikografiese eenhede, gevolg deur enkele aanbevelings.
Authors: Henning Bergenholtz, Theo J.D. Bothma, Henning Bergenholtz and Theo J.D. Bothma
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 53 –77 (2011)
Lexicography does not have or need any kind of own theory but can use all relevant linguistic theories.
Lexicography needs a special theory for the lexicographical praxis, but this discipline is still a part of linguistics.
Lexicography is a genuine part of information science and can use theories and learn from practice in the information society, but it also needs special theories for lexicography.
Data-aanbieding aangepas volgens behoefte in e-inligtinghulpmiddels
In die huidige debat oor die status van leksikografie is daar minstens drie wyd uiteenlopende standpunte:
Leksikografie het nie en benodig ook nie enige tipe eie teorie nie, maar kan van alle relevante taalkundige teorieë gebruik maak.
Leksikografie benodig &apos;n spesiale teorie vir die leksikografiese praktyk, maar hierdie dissipline is nog steeds deel van taalkunde.
Leksikografie is &apos;n ware deel van inligtingkunde en kan die teorieë gebruik en uit die gebruike in die inligtingsamelewing leer, maar dit benodig spesiale teorieë vir leksikografie.
Ons handhaaf die laaste standpunt in hierdie artikel waarin inligtingbehoeftes in die inligtinggemeenskap bespreek word met gedeeltelike gebruik van die funksieteorie van leksikografie.
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 78 –94 (2011)
Equivalent selection in specialized e-lexicography : a case study with Spanish accounting terms
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 95 –119 (2011)
Interest in specialized lexicography has been propelled both by the development of LSP communication in academic circles and by the consolidation of function-based approaches to lexicography that have identified the existence of several user types, e.g., experts, semi-experts and interested laypersons, and use situations, typically cognitive-oriented and communicative-oriented (Bergenholtz and Tarp, 2003, 2004). This paper follows suit and elaborates on the selection of Spanish equivalents in a particular dictionary project: the Diccionario Inglés-Español de Contabilidad, one of the Accounting dictionaries. This dictionary aims to satisfy the needs of translators (primary user group), accountants and financial experts (secondary user group), as well as students of accountancy and translation, journalists, and interested laypersons (tertiary user group). It addresses the issue as a lexicographical problem and makes comments on the decisions taken by elaborating on three lexicographical principles that take into consideration the nature of lexicography, the technical options the Internet offers, and the defining characteristics of specialized discourse: relevance, proscription and recreation.
Ekwivalent-seleksie in gespesialiseerde e-leksikografie : &apos;n gevallestudie met Spaanse rekeningkundige terme
Belangstelling in gespesialiseerde leksikografie is aangevuur deur sowel die ontwikkeling van TSD-kommunikasie in akademiese kringe as die konsolidasie van funksie-gebaseerde benaderings tot leksikografie. Laasgenoemde benadering het die bestaan van verskeie gebruikerstipes, bv. kundiges, semi-kundiges en geïnteresseerde leke, en gebruiksituasies, tipies kognitief-georiënteerde en kommunikatief-goriënteerde situasies, geïdentifiseer (Bergenholtz and Tarp, 2003, 2004). Hierdie artikel volg hierdie ontwikkelings na en wei uit oor die seleksie van Spaanse ekwivalente in &apos;n spesifieke woordeboekprojek: die Diccionario Inglés-Español de Contabilidad, &apos;n rekeningkunde-woordeboek. In hierdie woordeboek word beoog om te voorsien in die behoeftes van vertalers (die primêre gebruikersgroep), rekeningkundiges en finansiële kundiges (die sekondêre gebruikersgroep), en rekeningkunde-, vertaal-en joernalistiekstudente asook geïnteresseerde leke (die tersiêre gebruikersgroep). Hierdie kwessie word aangespreek as &apos;n leksikografiese probleem en kommentaar word gelewer op die besluite wat geneem is deur uit te brei op drie leksikografiese beginsels wat die aard van die leksikografie, die tegniese opsies wat deur die Internet gebied word, en die definiërende eienskappe van gespesialiseerde diskoers in ag neem: relevansie, proskripsie en herskepping.
From corpus to dictionary : a hybrid prescriptive, descriptive and proscriptive undertaking
Authors: Minah Nabirye, Gilles-Maurice De Schryver and Gilles-Maurice De Schryver
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 120 –143 (2011)
Despite some heroic efforts over the past few years, Lusoga remains mostly underdeveloped. It is under continuous pressure from more prestigious languages, such as the neighbouring Luganda and especially the only official language in Uganda, English. Lusoga is undergoing rapid language shifts, with new concepts entering the language daily. Ironically, this process is taking place before Lusoga has even been properly reduced to writing. There is no single official orthography that is truly being enforced; people who do write, write as they think fit. Language data is needed for the production of reliable reference works. In the absence of a substantial body of published material in Lusoga, the researcher can resort to recording and transcribing the living language. This opens Pandora&apos;s box, in that spoken language (which is meant to be heard, and is typically less formal) is far more complex than written language (which is meant to be read, and is typically more formalised). Spoken and written variants are, by definition, different. And yet one wants to move the language forward, in a way, before the time is ripe. But then, with over two million speakers, how much longer can one wait? This article reports on the building of a new Lusoga corpus, nearly half of which consists of transcribed oral data. The writing problems encountered during the transcription effort are given detailed attention. Dealing with those writing problems in lexicography requires a multipronged approach. While most could be solved by laying down a norm, and thus through prescriptive lexicography, others need a more cautionary approach, and thus descriptive lexicography. Others still can only sensibly be solved when the lexicographer proposes certain options in defiance of existing norms and assumptions, at which point proscriptive lexicography needs to be called in.
The compilation of multilingual concept literacy glossaries at the University of Cape Town : a lexicographical function theoretical approach
Authors: Dion Nkomo, Dion Nkomo and Mbulungeni Madiba
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 144 –168 (2011)
This article proposes a lexicographical approach to the compilation of multilingual concept literacy glossaries which may play a very important role in supporting students at institutions of higher education. In order to support concept literacy, especially for students for whom English is not the native language, a number of universities in South Africa are compiling multilingual glossaries through which the use of languages other than English may be employed as auxiliary media. Terminologies in languages other than English are developed by translating English terms or coining new terms in these languages to exploit the native language competence of most students. The glossary project at the University of Cape Town (UCT) which was conceived under the auspices of the Multilingualism Education Project (MEP) is discussed. It is shown that the UCT glossaries are compiled using methods consistent with those employed in modern lexicography or proffered in lexicographical theory. The lexicographical function theory is specifically used to account for the glossaries and their production. It is suggested that modern lexicography can provide useful guidance for the production of glossaries, given that the earliest glossaries constitute the humble beginnings of lexicography.
Die samestelling van veeltaligekonsep-geletterheidswoordelyste by die Universiteit van Kaapstad : &apos;n leksikografiesefunksieteoretiese benadering
Hierdie artikel stel &apos;n leksikografiese benadering tot die samestelling van meertaligekonsep-geletterheidswoordelyste voor wat &apos;n baie belangrike rol kan speel by die ondersteuning van studente by instellings vir hoër onderwys. Om konsepgeletterdheid te ondersteun, veral vir studente vir wie Engels nie die moedertaal is nie, stel &apos;n aantal universiteite in Suid-Afrika meertalige woordelyste saam waardeur die gebruik van ander tale as Engels as hulpmedia aangewend kan word. Terminologieë in ander tale as Engels word ontwikkel deur Engelse terme te vertaal of nuwe terme in hierdie tale te skep om die moedertaalvaardigheid van die meeste studente te benut. Die woordelysprojek by die Universiteit van Kaapstad (UK) wat ontwerp is onder die beskerming van die Multilingualism Education Project (MEP) word bespreek. Daar word aangetoon dat die UK-woordelyste saamgestel word deur die aanwending van metodes ooreenstemmend met dié gebruik in die moderne leksikografie of voorgestel in die moderne leksikografiese teorie. Die leksikografiese funksieteorie word spesifiek gebruik om die woordelyste en hul totstandbrenging te verantwoord. Daar word aangevoer dat die moderne leksikografie nuttige leiding vir die totstandbrenging van woordelyste kan verskaf, gegee dat die vroegste woordelyste die nederige begin van die leksikografie uitmaak.
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 169 –193 (2011)
This article is a critical evaluation of lemmatisation strategies for nouns and verbs in isiZulu with specific attention to the problem of stem identification. The presumed target users of dictionaries compiled according to these lemmatisation strategies are non-mother tongue learners of isiZulu. The advantages versus disadvantages of lemmatising verbal and nominal stems, verbal and nominal stems without suffixes, and nominal words will be considered mainly in terms of the entire paradigm containing the verbal root -sebenz- from an isiZulu corpus. The conclusion reached is that word lemmatisation is preferred over both stem lemmatisation and lemmatisation of stems without suffixes. It will be argued that the problem of stem identification can only be solved in electronic dictionaries and the electronic dictionary isiZulu.net will be analysed in this regard.
&apos;n Kritiese evaluering van die lemmatiseringstrategieë vir naamwoorde en werkwoorde in isiZulu
Hierdie artikel is &apos;n kritiese evaluering van die lemmatiseringstrategieë vir naamwoorde en werkwoorde in isiZulu met spesifieke aandag aan die probleem van stamidentifikasie. Die veronderstelde teikengebruikers van woordeboeke wat volgens dié lemmatiseringstrategieë saamgestel is word omskryf as nie-moedertaal leerders van isiZulu. Die sterk- versus swakpunte van stamlemmatisering vir werkwoorde en naamwoorde, werkwoord- en naamwoordstamme sonder suffikse en woordlemmatisering vir naamwoorde sal oorweeg word hoofsaaklik in terme van die volledige paradigma &apos;n willekeurig gekose wortel, naamlik -sebenz- in &apos;n isiZulu korpus. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat woordlemmatisering bo stamlemmatisering verkies word. Daar sal aangevoer word dat die probleem van stamidentifikasie slegs in elektroniese woordeboeke opgelos kan word en die elektroniese woordeboek isiZulu.net sal vir dié doeleindes ontleed word.
Management and internal standardization of chemistry terminology : a Northern Sotho case study
Authors: Elsabe Taljard and Mahlodi Jean Nchabeleng
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 194 –216 (2011)
One of the many implications of the process of language democratization which started post-1994 in South Africa is the empowerment of the previously marginalized South African Bantu languages to become languages of higher functions, i.e. languages of learning and teaching, and also of scientific discourse. This in turn implies the development, consolidation and especially standardization of terminology for each of these languages, and the compilation of LSP dictionaries. This article describes the terminological processing of a technical source text prior to translation, which formed part of the compilation of a Quadrilingual Explanatory Dictionary of Chemistry. It reports on the model of terminology management that was utilized and explores strategies for the internal standardization of terms in the absence of readily available, standardized chemistry terminology.
Pedagogical lexicography : towards a new and strict typology corresponding to the present state-of-the-art
Authors: Sven Tarp and Sven Tarp
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 217 –231 (2011)
A frequent and well-known problem within lexicography is the use of various terms to denominate the same phenomenon as well as the use of the same term to denominate various, completely different phenomena. Such a non-systematic terminology may lead to confusion in the discipline and hamper its theoretical and practical development. The problem is especially severe within so-called pedagogical lexicography. A short panoramic review shows that especially the terms "pedagogical lexicography/dictionaries", "didactic lexicography/dictionaries", "school dictionaries" and "learners&apos; dictionaries" are used with a lot of different meanings that vary from author to author, from country to country, from culture to culture. Although publishing houses could hardly be expected to use a strict terminology for their products, this should nevertheless be expected from theoretical lexicography. In order to overcome the present confusion, it is therefore urgent to establish a typology that can be used as reference by scholars dealing theoretically with the subfield of pedagogical lexicography. The article will first show the amazing variety of meanings addressed to the various terms in the theoretical literature. It will then approach the problem along two different lines: 1) establishing a clear definition of the terms "pedagogical", "didactic", "school" and "learner" in a lexicographical perspective, and 2) referring to the existing practice where the terms are frequently used in a much broader sense than in the theoretical literature. Based upon these considerations, a new and strict typology that corresponds to the present practice of pedagogical lexicography will be presented.
Pedagogiese leksikografie : op weg na &apos;n nuwe en streng tipologie wat ooreenstem met die huidige gebruik daarvan
&apos;n Algemene en bekende probleem binne die leksikografie is die gebruik van verskeie terme om na &apos;n enkele verskynsel te verwys, sowel as die gebruik van &apos;n enkele term om na verskeie, heeltemal verskillende verskynsels te verwys. So &apos;n niesistematiese terminologie kan tot verwarring binne die vakgebied lei en kan die teoretiese en praktiese ontwikkeling daarvan belemmer. Die probleem is besonder ernstig binne die sogenaamde pedagogiese leksikografie. &apos;n Kort, wye oorsig toon dat veral die terme "pedagogiese leksikografie/woordeboeke", "didaktiese leksikografie/woordeboeke", "skoolwoordeboeke" en "aanleerderswoordeboeke" gebruik word in baie verskillende betekenisse wat van outeur tot outeur, land tot land, en kultuur tot kultuur verskil. Alhoewel daar allermins van uitgewers verwag kan word om &apos;n streng terminologie ten opsigte van hulle produkte te gebruik, behoort dit tog van die teoretiese leksikografie verwag te kan word. Om die huidige verwarring te oorkom, is dit dus dringend noodsaaklik om &apos;n tipologie te vestig wat gebruik kan word deur vakkundiges wat teoreties omgaan met die subveld pedagogiese leksikografie. Hierdie artikel sal eerstens die groot verskeidenheid betekenisse aantoon wat aan die verskillende terme toegeskryf word wat in die teoretiese literatuur voorkom. Daarna sal die probleem van twee verskillende kante benader word: 1) die vestiging van &apos;n duidelike definisie vir die terme "pedagogies", "didakties", "skool-" en "aanleerder-" vanuit &apos;n leksikografiese perspektief, en 2) die verwysing na die bestaande praktyk waar die terme dikwels in &apos;n baie breër sin as in die teoretiese literatuur gebruik word. Gebaseer op hierdie oorwegings word &apos;n nuwe en streng tipologie wat ooreenstem met die huidige gebruik in die pedagogiese leksikografie voorgestel.
Authors: Herbert Ernst Wiegand and Rufus H. Gouws
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 232 –297 (2011)
Der empirische Gegenstandsbereich der Wörterbuchforschung verändert sich u.a. dadurch, dass neue Wörterbücher erscheinen. Dabei ist ein Trend zu erkennen, dass zunehmend mehr neue Elemente der Wörterbuchform im Vorspann, im Wörterverzeichnis und im Nachspann auftreten. Die Wörterbuchform wird dadurch komplexer. Für die Theorie der Wörterbuchform ergeben sich dadurch theoriebedingte Wörterbuchformprobleme: Will die Theorie die neuen Entwicklungen berücksichtigen, muss sie erweitert werden und wird dadurch zunehmend komplexer. Wird sie erweitert, erkennt man im Licht der Theorie die Stärken und Schwächen der neuen Formelemente; das führt zur Wörterbuchkritik. Besonders die Schwächen führen zu wörterbuchformbedingten Benutzerproblemen. In diesem ersten Teil des Beitrags werden theoriebedingte Artikelformprobleme behandelt, die sich durch die Berücksichtigung eines bisher nicht untersuchten Artikeltyps ergeben, nämlich den Typ des komplexen Wörterbuchartikels, in dem zwei oder mehr formgleiche Wörter lexikographisch bearbeitet werden, die zu zwei oder mehr Wortklassen gehören. Die theoriebedingten Artikelformprobleme bestehen darin, dass es keine Strukturkonzeption für Artikel dieses Typs, keine systematische Terminologie, keine Typologie und z.T. keine Darstellungsmittel und -methoden gibt. Die Probleme werden dadurch gelöst, dass die Theorie der Wörterbuchform um die fehlenden Elemente systematisch erweitert und die Heuristik ergänzt wird.
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 298 –304 (2011)
Author Lydia Namatende Sakwa
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 305 –315 (2011)
Dr. J.C.M.D. du Plessis
Redakteur van Lexikos 1997 tot 2010
Editor of Lexikos 1997 to 2010
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 316 –319 (2011)
Dr. Johan du Plessis het oor die afgelope veertien jaar sinoniem geword met Lexikos. Toe hy in 1997 die redakteurskap van Lexikos aanvaar het, het hy nog die veeleisende pos van Eindredakteur van die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal beklee. Skielik het hy nie meer kantoorure gehad nie: hy was min of meer permanent op kantoor.
Over the past 14 years, Dr Johan du Plessis has become synonymous with Lexikos. When he accepted editorship of Lexikos in 1997, he was still holding the demanding position of Final Editor at the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. Suddenly he no longer had office hours: he was more or less permanently at the office.
Quand la pratique lexicographique se modernise en RD Congo. Note sur Nkòngamyakù Cilubà-Mfwàlànsa, dictionnaire bilingue de NgoSemzara Kabuta
Author Crispin Maalu-Bungi
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 320 –336 (2011)
Le cilubà est l&apos;une des quatre langues nationales congolaises parlée au centre-sud du pays. Elle a acquis le statut de langue écrite depuis la fin du 19ème siècle et possède à ce jour plusieurs ouvrages lexicographiques dont le premier, daté de 1881, est un lexique ciluba-allemand réalisé par un explorateur allemand. Nkòngamyakù Cilubà-Mfwàlànsa est un dictionnaire bilingue élaboré par NgoSemzara Kabuta, professeur de linguistique et littérature africaines à l&apos;Université de Gand, dans le triple but de compléter et combler les lacunes du dernier dictionnaire du genre publié en 1960 par un prêtre catholique, rendre compte de l&apos;évolution de la langue et proposer la forme standard du cilubà tel qu&apos;il doit être utilisé dans les communications institutionnelles, notamment dans l&apos;enseignement. Par rapport aux ouvrages des prédécesseurs, missionnaires et agents territoriaux, ce nouvel outil de référence apporte plusieurs innovations, dont principalement: l&apos;existence du dictionnaire sous formats électronique et support papier, l&apos;augmentation du nombre d&apos;entrées de 10 000 à 16 000, l&apos;utilisation d&apos;une orthographe simple, pratique et efficace susceptible de faciliter la lecture comme l&apos;apprentissage de la langue, le nombre significatif de paramètres et de justifications sur chaque entrée pour en rendre la compréhension plus aisée, l&apos;ajout d&apos;un abrégé de grammaire, entièrement en cilubà, une manière de contribuer au développement, à la promotion et à l&apos;enrichissement de cette langue à travers notamment la terminologie grammaticale. Malgré les erreurs dues à son caractère novateur, cet ouvrage lexicographique dont la valeur est, à divers égards, incontestable, constitue une réponse à l&apos;appel lancé naguère aux dictionnairistes africains, singulièrement bantu, en faveur de travaux plus complets.
When lexicographic practice is being modernized in the DR Congo. Note on Nkòngamyakù Cilubà-Mfwàlànsa, bilingual dictionary of Ngo-Semzara Kabuta
Ciluba is one of the four national Congolese languages spoken in the central south of the country. Since the end of the 19th century, it has acquired the status of a written language and up to the present possesses several lexicographic works of which the first, dating from 1881, is a Ciluba-German vocabulary compiled by a German explorer. Nkòngamyakù Cilubà-Mfwàlànsa is a bilingual dictionary developed by NgoSemzara Kabuta, professor of African linguistics and literature at the University of Ghent, with the triple aim of complementing and filling the gaps of the last dictionary in this genre published in 1960 by a Catholic priest, giving an account of the evolution of the language and proposing the standard form for Ciluba so that it could be used in institutional communication, especially in education. Compared with the works of predecessors, missionaries and regional officials, this new reference tool brings several innovations, mainly: the provision of a dictionary in electronic format and paper, the increase of the number of entries from 10 000 to 16 000, the use of a simple, practical and effective orthography likely to help with reading when learning the language, the significant number of parameters and justifications for each entry to make comprehension easier, the addition of a minigrammar, wholly in Ciluba, a way of contributing to the development, promotion and enriching of this language, particularly through grammatical terminology. In spite of the errors owing to its innovative character, this lexicographic work whose merit is, in various respects, unquestionable, is an answer to the call recently made to African, especially Bantu lexicographers for more comprehensive works.
Regard critique sur On Est Ensemble : 852 mots pour comprendre le français du Gabon
Authors: Pierre Ondo-Mebiame and Guy-Modeste Ekwa Ebanega
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 337 –358 (2011)
L&apos;ouvrage intitulé On Est Ensemble: 852 mots pour comprendre le français du Gabon (L. Ditougou, 2009) constitue une contribution importante dans l&apos;histoire du français parlé au Gabon. Cette oeuvre présente cependant quelques insuffisances sur le plan métalexicographique. Celles-ci portent sur les pré-textes, la nomenclature (macrostructure, microstructure, structure d&apos;accès, structure d&apos;adressage et médiostructure) et les post-textes. Cet article vise donc à relever ces insuffisances et, concomitamment, à proposer les voies qui pourraient aider à les améliorer.
Lexikographische Metatexte. Eine Untersuchung nichtintegrierter Außentexte in einsprachigen Wörterbüchern des Deutschen als Fremdsprache, Monika Bielińska : book review
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 359 –365 (2011)
This book, which is based on the doctoral dissertation of Monika Bielińska, investigates the outer texts of several monolingual learners&apos; dictionaries for German as a foreign language. She maintains that German learners&apos; dictionaries constitute a fairly young addition to German lexicography, the first one only having been published in 1993 by Langenscheidt (1993). This is in stark contrast to countries such as France and England, where the publication of learners&apos; dictionaries has long been established.
Dictionaries in Spanish and English from 1554 to 1740: Their Structure and Development, Heberto H. Fernández Urdaneta : book review
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 366 –368 (2011)
This book is the twelfth in the collection of monographs Vertere, dealing with translation and translation studies. It is a revised, augmented edition of Fernández&apos;s dissertation submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Translation at the University of Montreal in April 2007.
Author Birger Andersen
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 369 –380 (2011)
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 381 –383 (2011)
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 384 –390 (2011)
Source: Lexikos 21, pp 391 –393 (2011)