Karlstadt am Main
Karlstadt is a town in the Main-Spessart in the "Regierungsbezirk" of Lower Franconia ("Unterfranken") in Bavaria, Germany. It is the administrative centre of Main-Spessart ("Kreisstadt"), and has a population of around 15,000. Geography. Karlstadt lies on the River Main in the district (Landkreis) of Main-Spessart, roughly 25 km north of the city of Würzburg. It belongs to the Main-Franconian wine-growing region. The town itself is located on the right bank of the river, but the municipal territory extends to the left bank. Since the amalgamations in 1978, Karlstadt's "Stadtteile" have been  Gambach, Heßlar, Karlburg, Klein Laudenbach, Laudenbach, Mühlbach, Rohrbach, Stadelhofen, Stetten, and Wiesenfeld. History. From the late 6th to the mid-13th century, the settlement of Karlburg with its monastery and harbor was located on the west bank of the Main. It grew up around the Karlsburg, a castle perched high over the community, that was destroyed in the German Peasants' War in 1525. In 1202, Karlstadt itself was founded by Konrad von Querfurt, Bishop of Würzburg. The town was methodically laid out with a nearly rectangular plan to defend Würzburg territory against the Counts of Rieneck. The plan is still well  preserved today. The streets in the old town are laid out much like a chessboard, but for military reasons they are not quite straight. In 1225, Karlstadt had its first documentary mention. In 1236, the castle and the village of Karlburg were destroyed in the Rieneck Feud. In 1244, winegrowing in Karlstadt was mentioned for the first time. From 1277 comes the earliest evidence of the town seal. In 1304, the town fortifications were finished. The parish of Karlstadt was first named in 1339. In 1369 a hospital was founded. Between 1370 and 1515, remodelling work was being done on  the first, Romanesque parish church to turn it into a Gothic hall church. About 1400, Karlstadt became for a short time the seat of an episcopal mint. The former "Oberamt" of the Princely Electorate ("Hochstift") of Würzburg was, after Secularization, in Bavaria's favour, passed in 1805 to Grand Duke Ferdinando III of Tuscany to form the Grand Duchy of Würzburg, and passed with this to the Kingdom of Bavaria. The Jewish residents of the town had a synagogue as early as the Middle Ages. The town's synagogue was destroyed on "Kristallnacht" (the Night of Broken Glass, 9 November  1938) by Nazi SA men, SS, and Hitler Youth, as well as other local residents. Its destruction is recalled by a plaque at the synagogue's former site. The homes of Jewish residents were attacked as well, the possessions therein were looted or brought to the square in front of the town hall where they were burned, and the Jews living in the town were beaten. Governance. The mayor of Karlstadt is Michael Hombach (CSU), elected in 2020. The council is made up of 24 council members, excluding the mayor. The town's coat of arms might be described thus : Quarterly, first and fourth azure, second and third argent a fleur-de-lis gules. The town's earliest seal, from 1277, showed an effigy of Charlemagne, who is said to have founded and named the town (Charlemagne is called "Karl der Große" in German). The next seal after this one also bore Charlemagne's likeness, and this appeared on town seals until the 18th century. However, in 1544 the town began using a quartered shield as its arms. This is thought to have come from the banner of state borne by the Prince-Bishopric (Hochstift) of Würzburg, to which the  town once belonged. The fleurs-de-lis were added in the early 19th century, and they refer to Charlemagne. Economy. Local industry includes Düker Ironworks, the Schwenk Cement Works, and the Kohl Wood Veneer Factory. Besides these three large industrial plants, many handicraft businesses have also set up shop in Karlstadt. Another big employer is the Main-Spessart "Landratsamt" (district administration). Many inhabitants commute to Würzburg, 25 km away, or Lohr am Main, 18 km away. Winegrowing has only a small economic importance nowadays, but still has great cultural significance. Vineyards in Karlstadt are the Roßtal and Im Stein . There are also others in centres, especially in Stetten (Stettener Stein) and on the way from the main town out to Gambach. Education. In 1999 the following institutions existed in Karlstadt: