642nd Cannon Artillery Regiment
642nd Cannon Artillery Regiment (Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Order of Suvorov) of the Reserve of the Main Command was a military formation of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union that took part in the Great Patriotic War. Conventional name – Military Unit Field Mail No. 45982. History of formation. In September 1941, on the basis of Directive of the People's Commissar of Defense of the Soviet Union No. 107601 of September 22, 1941, on the basis of the 3rd Divizion of the 594th Heavy Cannon Artillery Regiment of the Artillery of the Reserve of  the Main Command of the Moscow Military District, the 642nd Heavy Cannon Artillery Regiment of the Artillery of the Reserve of the Main Command was formed (on the basis of the 1st Divizion, the 594th Cannon Artillery Regiment of the Artillery of the Reserve of the Main Command was formed, on the basis of the 2nd – the 602nd Cannon Artillery Regiment of the Artillery of the Reserve of the Main Command), according to the state number 08/111, as part of 2 divizions, three two–gun batteries of 107–mm cannons of the 1910/30 model. The regiment was formed from September  23 to October 1, 1941, in the Kaluga barracks in the city of Shuya. Private, junior and middle command personnel called up from the districts of the Ivanovo Oblast were sent to staff the regiment. On October 1, 1941, the regiment received a combat order for loading with a task to follow the railway to the front. On October 2, at the railway station in the city of Shuya, the regiment unloaded in two echelons. While traveling by rail, the 1st echelon of the regiment crashed at 19:00 on October 5, seven wagons with ammunition and cars with fuel were  overturned, 11 cars, 3 tractors, 5 trailers, ammunition were destroyed, 6 people died, 11 people were wounded. The numerical strength and combat strength of the regiment as of November 1, 1941: people – 700, trucks – 50, rifles – 468, light machine guns – 9, Degtyarev Submachine Guns – 3, 107–mm cannons – 10. Participation in hostilities. Period of entry into the army: October 6, 1941 – May 9, 1945. On October 6, 1941, the regiment arrived in two echelons at the Akhtyrka Station of the Sumy Oblast and on October 7, became part of the 21st Army. From 10 to 15 October, in the area  of Akhtyrka, Detskoe Mestechko, Khukhrya, the regiment supported the 295th Rifle Division. For 4 days, the regiment held back the enemy's infantry and tanks offensive, preventing the enemy from crossing the Vorskla River. As a result of artillery fire, up to 1.5 enemy infantry battalions were destroyed in the Detskoe Mestechko area and at the crossing in the village of Zarechye, 2 tanks were knocked out, an anti–tank gun, 40 vehicles were destroyed, and a staff bus with valuable documents left by the enemy was captured. The enemy retreated in panic. The regiment had losses in materiel, 2  guns were knocked out, of which one was put into operation on October 14. The regiment covered the withdrawal of units of the 21st Army, including the 295th Rifle Division, retreating along the route: Akhtyrka, Pravdinsky Sugar Plant, Bolshaya Pisarevka, Gaivoron, Novoborisovka, Belgorod, Shebekino, Popovka, Slonovka, Novy Oskol. Upon arrival in Novy Oskol on November 2, 1941, by order of the commander of the 21st Army, the regiment concentrated in the village of Staraya Bezginka, where from November 4 to November 30, 1941, it was engaged in combat and political training. On December 2, by order of the commander of  the 21st Army, the regiment concentrated in the city of Novy Oskol for loading and following by rail to the Kastornoye Station. After unloading, it was redeployed to the village of Skakun, where, by order of the headquarters of the South–Western Front, it entered the order of the 1st Guards Rifle Division. From December 3, 1941 to January 5, 1942, the regiment took part in battles, supporting the 1st Guards Rifle Division in the combat area: Dubovets, Rich Rafts, Pyatnitskoe, Koshkino, Izmalkovo, Rassoshnoe, Khomutovo, Dyachkovskoe, Karpovka, Sinkovets, Berezovets, Meryaev Works, Krasny and other settlements of the Oryol Oblast. During  the period of participation in combat operations, the regiment with its fire successfully ensured the advance of the units of the 1st Guards Rifle Division, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy in manpower and equipment. On January 5, 1942, the regiment entered the disposal of the 13th Army. From 7 to 15 January, the regiment supported the 129th Tank Brigade in the area of hostilities Verkhniy Zhernovets, Muratovka, Sennoye. Since January 16, the regiment, acting with the 132nd Infantry Division, has repeatedly successfully repelled enemy counterattacks, inflicting heavy casualties on them. On November 10, 1942, the regiment carried out the  loading at the Livny Station and was sent in two echelons to the Lobanovo Station, where it was unloaded during November 11–12. On November 13, on the basis of the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the Soviet Union No. 00226 of October 31, 1942 and the order of the Bryansk Front No. 0070 of November 4, 1942, the regiment became part of the 5th Artillery Division of the Reserve of the Main Command and began equipping firing positions and training for combat and political training. On December 11, 1942, the 642nd and 753rd Cannon Artillery Regiments  became part of the newly formed 24th Heavy Cannon Artillery Brigade of the 5th Artillery Division. Based on the directive of the artillery commander of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany No. 7/00783 dated June 21, 1945, in July 1945, the 24th Cannon Artillery Brigade (642nd and 753rd Cannon Artillery Regiments) was withdrawn from the 5th Artillery Breakthrough Division (Kalinkovichi, Red Banner) and transferred to the recruitment of the newly created 32nd Cannon Artillery Division (Military Unit 78254), while the brigade was reorganized into a 4 divizional composition and received the name 24th Cannon Artillery Brigade (Berlin, Order  of Lenin, 3 Times Red Banner, 2 Times Order of Suvorov). All awards and honorary titles of the 642nd and 753rd Cannon Artillery Regiments were transferred to the brigade. The 32nd Cannon Artillery Division was disbanded in the summer of 1947.