Anglican Use
The Anglican Use is an officially approved form of liturgy used by former members of the Anglican Communion who joined the Catholic Church while wishing to maintain "aspects of the Anglican patrimony that are of particular value". The use's most common occurrence is within parishes of the personal ordinariates, which were erected to fulfill that patrimonial need. Definition. The Toronto parish of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter defines Anglican Use as "the liturgy of "The Book of Divine Worship" [...] formulated and authorized in response to Pope John Paul II's 1980 Pastoral Provision  that allowed Episcopalian priests and laity in the United States to join the Catholic church while preserving elements proper to their Anglican tradition." It gives the name "Ordinariate Use" to the liturgy, since December 2015, of the personal ordinariates for former Anglicans, which is that contained in "" and "Divine Worship: Occasional Services". At a time when a specific liturgy for the personal ordinariates was still under preparation, the Anglican Use community in Indianopolis applied the term "Anglican Use" to the "Book of Divine Worship" liturgy that was then the interim liturgy of the North American personal ordinariate. The Pasadena parish  calls the present form "the Ordinariate Form" and adds that it is unofficially but popularly known as the "Anglican Use". The American "National Catholic Register" has also distinguished between "Anglican Use" and "Ordinariate Use". Other sources and commentators apply the term 'Anglican Use' to all the books known by the 'Divine Worship' appellation, including the Book of Divine Worship, Divine Worship: The Missal, and Divine Worship: Occasional Services, as well as other musical and liturgical sources from the Anglican tradition used in the ordinariates. With the promulgation of "" for use beginning 29 November 2015, the "Book of Divine Worship" began  to be phased out. The Anglican Use Society changed its operating name in 2016 to Anglicanorum Coetibus Society, echoing the incipit of Pope Benedict XVI's apostolic constitution authorizing the establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans, although its legal name remains Anglican Use Society. Personal parishes and personal ordinariates. The personal parishes in the United States founded by former members of the Episcopal Church in the United States were first established in accordance with the Pastoral Provision granted by Pope John Paul II on 20 June 1980, which permitted the ordination as Catholic priests of married former clergy of  the Episcopal Church for ministry either in such personal parishes or elsewhere in Catholic dioceses of the United States. They were referred to interchangeably as either "Anglican Use" or "Pastoral Provision" parishes, the former term referring to their Anglican liturgical patrimony and the latter referring to the canonical provision that established them as parishes with a distinct character. On 9 December 2009, Pope Benedict XVI issued the apostolic constitution "Anglicanorum coetibus", authorizing the establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans. The first to be established was the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham for England and Wales in January  2011, followed by the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter for the United States in January 2012 and the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross for Australia in June 2012. While Pastoral Provision parishes were part of the local geographical Latin Church dioceses, the ordinariates are distinct from the territorial dioceses and have an independent personal jurisdiction over their members. After the establishment in 2012 of a personal ordinariate for former Anglicans in the United States, several Pastoral Provision parishes joined the ordinariate. Among them was St. Mary the Virgin Parish in Arlington, Texas, which  in 1994 had become the first Episcopal parish in the United States to transfer corporately into the Catholic Church, being thus, in the words of Monsignor Jeffrey N. Steenson, the ordinariate's first Ordinary, "received into the Catholic Church under the Anglican Use". Others kept their separate identity and were known as Anglican-use parishes, but in 2017 the Holy See declared that it expected all such parishes to be integrated into the ordinariate. History. Origins. The remote origins of the demand for such an arrangement has been ascribed to the Oxford Movement in nineteenth-century England. In 1977, some  of those Anglicans and Episcopalians who desired union with the Catholic Church contacted individual Catholic bishops, the Apostolic Delegate (Archbishop Jean Jadot) and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in Rome, to inquire about the possibility for married Anglican priests to be received into the Catholic Church and function as Catholic priests. After the United States National Conference of Catholic Bishops and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith had reacted favorably to the proposals that had been put before them, a formal request for union was presented in Rome on 3 November 1979 for acceptance into  the Roman Catholic Church, for steps to be taken to eliminate any defects that might be found in their priestly orders, and that they be granted the oversight, direction, and governance of a Catholic bishop. Pastoral Provision. The decision of the Holy See was officially communicated in a letter of 22 July 1980 from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to the president of the United States episcopal conference, who published it on 20 August 1980. Though admittance of the Episcopalians in question to the Catholic Church was considered as reconciliation of individuals, the pastoral provision gave them  a common group identity. After a period of being subject to the local Latin Church bishop, the bishop could set up personal parishes for them, with the use, within the group, of a form of liturgy that retained certain elements of the Anglican liturgy; and married Episcopalian priests could on a case-by-case basis be ordained as Catholic priests, but not as bishops. An ecclesiastical delegate, a Catholic and preferably a bishop, was to be appointed to oversee the implementation of the decision and to deal with the Congregation. Implementation. In March 1981, Bishop Bernard Francis Law was appointed  ecclesiastical delegate. He was replaced by the Archbishop of Newark, John J. Myers, in 2003 and Kevin W. Vann in 2011. William H. Stetson, a priest of the Prelature of Opus Dei, also served as secretary to the ecclesiastical delegate. In 1983, the first Anglican Use parish, Our Lady of the Atonement, was established in San Antonio, Texas. Our Lady of Walsingham parish in Houston, Texas, followed the next year. Since 1983, over 100 former Anglicans have been ordained for priestly ministry in various Catholic dioceses of the United States. Personal ordinariates. On 9 December 2009, Pope Benedict XVI issued  the Apostolic Constitution "Anglicanorum coetibus", authorizing the establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans. The first to be established was the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham for England and Wales in January 2011, followed by the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter for the United States in January 2012 and the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross for Australia in June 2012. These "Anglican Use ordinariates" were a response to Anglicans outside the United States, and hence beyond the remit of the Pastoral Provision, but they also supplied some of the perceived needs  of that previous provision. Canonical differences between the Anglican Use parishes and the personal ordinariate are outlined in a study published in the 23 January 2012 issue of the "National Catholic Reporter". Some of the Anglican Use parishes have joined the ordinariate, but some have not. Anglican Use liturgy. The Anglican Use is an authorized liturgical variant of the Roman Rite of the Latin Church. The Latin Church includes among its liturgical rites the widespread Roman Rite, the Ambrosian Rite of Milan, the Mozarabic Rite celebrated in the Cathedral of Toledo, the Braga Rite in some parts of northern Portugal , and specific uses of religious orders. The Catholic Church also includes several Eastern Catholic churches, which are equal in dignity, and in communion with the Latin Church. The Congregation for Divine Worship gave provisional approval for the Anglican Use liturgy, the "Book of Divine Worship", in 1984, an approval rendered definitive in 1987. This book incorporates elements of the 1928 American "Book of Common Prayer", but the Eucharistic liturgy is from the 1979 Book, with the eucharistic prayers taken from the Roman Missal and the ancient Sarum Rite (with the modern English Words of Institution inserted in the latter). New  texts were promulgated by the congregation on 22 June 2012, the feast of English saints Thomas More and John Fisher, namely the Order for Funerals and the Order for the Celebration of Holy Matrimony. A new liturgy for use in all three personal ordinariates for former Anglicans that had been established from 2011 on was authorized in 2013 and came into use on 29 November 2015. The "Book of Divine Worship" had been based closely on the United States Episcopal Church liturgy, which had developed in ways different from that of Anglican churches in England and Australia, making it unsuitable  for imposing on all personal ordinariates for former Anglicans. Its Order of Mass drew elements also from the original "Book of Common Prayer", from different later versions of it, from the Tridentine Mass and from the Roman Rite as revised after the Second Vatican Council. The Holy See's 'Anglicanae Traditiones Commission' that developed the updated form of Anglican patrimonial liturgy used the "Book of Divine Worship" as its "lead" source. In the new liturgical books for the personal ordinariates, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Congregation for Divine Worship retained the generic title, "Divine Worship , for the entire liturgical provision for the personal ordinariates, dropping the Book of" naming convention in favour of "Divine Worship: The Missal". As an interim Divine Office, the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham in 2012 adopted the "Customary of Our Lady of Walsingham". Combining elements from the most common Roman Rite books of hours–the "Liturgia Horarum" and the "Breviarium Romanum"–and both the 1549 and 1662 editions of the Church of England "Book of Common Prayer", the "Customary" contained the full psalter. It also contained "Terce", "Sext", and "None"–hours present in the Roman Rite but not in most  Anglican prayer books. Divine Worship: The Missal. "", the missal containing the complete expression of the Divine Worship Mass liturgy, began to be used on 29 November 2015, and as of 1 January 2016 the "Book of Divine Worship" was no longer authorized for use in public worship. As a result, even the Pastoral Provision parishes at that time still remaining outside the ordinariates adopted "Divine Worship: The Missal" instead of the "Book of Divine Worship". The new missal is "a pastoral variation of the Roman Rite for the members of the Personal Ordinariates in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and  the United States. [...] This is not an Anglican liturgy separate and distinct from the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. This is not an Anglican Use Rite. It does not reflect Anglican Eucharistic theology. It is not a Protestant service dressed up as a Catholic Mass. It is the Catholic Mass of the Western Rite, filtered through the Anglican experience, corrected and expressed in an Anglican voice." Divine Worship: Daily Office. The "" is the Divine Office approved for Anglican Use Ordinariates. There are two editions: The "North American Edition", printed by Newman House Press and released in late 2020, is  used Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter in the United States and Canada. The "Commonwealth Edition", printed by the Catholic Truth Society, is used by the Personal Ordinariates of Our Lady of Walsingham and Our Lady of the Southern Cross in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, Japan, and Oceania.