HMS Rorqual (N74)
HMS "Rorqual" (N74) was a British mine-laying submarine, one of the six ships of the of the Royal Navy. She was built by Vickers Armstrong, Barrow and launched 27 July 1936. She served in the Second World War in the Mediterranean and in the far east. She was the only "Grampus"-class submarine to survive the war, and she is considered the most successful minelaying submarine of World War II, sinking 57,704 GRT of enemy shipping, 35,951 of which through her mines. Career. Mediterranean. Sent to the Mediterranean in 1940, "Rorqual" began laying minefields and attacking enemy  shipping. Amongst the shipping lost to mines laid by "Rorqual" were the Italian merchants " Loasso", "Celio", "Leopardi", and "Salpi"; the Italian Navy water tankers "Verde" and "Ticino"; the Italian pilot vessel F 34 / "Rina Croce", the Italian torpedo boats , , , and ; the Italian auxiliary submarine chaser AS 99 "Zuri", the German troop transport "Ankara"; the French merchant (in German service)," P.L.M. 24"; and the French fishing vessel "Coligny". The Italian merchants "Caffaro", "Ischia" and the brand-new Italian merchant "Carbonello A." were damaged by mines laid by "Rorqual". "Rorqual" was also active in attacking enemy shipping herself, torpedoing and sinking the  Italian tanker "Laura Corrado"; the Italian submarine "Pier Capponi"; the Italian merchants "Cilicia" and ; the German tanker "Wilhemsburg" and the French merchant (in German service) "Nantaise". "Rorqual"s torpedoes also damaged the Italian auxiliary cruiser "Piero Foscari", unsuccessfully attacked an Italian submarine and the Italian merchant "Securitas", and sunk two Greek sailing vessels with gunfire. In August 1940 she attacked an Italian convoy, missing the Italian merchants "Verace" and "Doris Ursino" with torpedoes. Following this failed attack "Rorqual" was heavily depth charged by the Italian torpedo boat "Generale Achille Papa". In January 1941 "Rorqual" attacked the tug "Ursus" and a floating  battery mounted on a lighter. The lighter could not be torpedoed, as she was of too shallow draught for the normal depth setting of the torpedoes, and the only other weapon the "Rorqual" had was her single 4-inch gun. "Rorqual" surfaced at about 500 yards range. Her opening attack hit the "Ursus" and damaged the battery. Heavy fire from the damaged tug forced "Rorqual" to shift her fire from the battery and engage the "Ursus" again, forcing her crew to abandon her. Though badly damaged, the floating battery opened fire and forced the "Rorqual" to dive. She then fired  a torpedo set to run on the surface, only to find that the torpedo developed a gyro failure and returned on its own tracks. "Rorqual" had to dive deep to avoid it. When last seen, the "Ursus" was sinking and the battery was on fire. The battery however did not sink, and was later towed to Dubrovnik. Due to her large size and space within the mine casing, Rorqual was well suited to carrying stores and in June 1941, after loading at Alexandria, became the first submarine to carry supplies to the beleaguered island of Malta. In all she performed , at considerable risk to the submarine, 5 storing runs to Malta in 1941 from Alexandria and in 1942 from Beirut. These were known as "magic carpet runs". The supplies consisted mainly of aviation spirit for the Hurricane fighters defending Malta airspace, kerosene for cooking and mail. Passengers were carried in both directions. Also, in October 1943 Rorqual transported from Beirut to the island of Leros an entire battery of 40mm Oerlikon guns, with a jeep to tow them. This was intended to give some air defence to British troops stranded on the island under attack by German forces. Far  East. "Rorqual" arrived in the far east in 1945 to operate against the Japanese, serving as part of the British Pacific Fleet. She laid minefields and sank three Japanese sailing craft and three coasters with gunfire, and damaged a fourth coaster. Post war. By the end of the war, she was the only surviving ship of the "Grampus" class. She was sold off, and arrived at the yards of Cashmore, Newport for breaking up on 17 March 1946.