Kay Granger
Norvell Kay Granger (; born January 18, 1943) is an American Republican politician from the U.S. state of Texas. She has represented the state's 12th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives since 1997. She has been the ranking member of the United States House Committee on Appropriations since 2019, when Rodney Frelinghuysen retired. A former teacher and businesswoman, Granger is the first Republican woman to represent Texas in the U.S. House. After serving on the zoning commission of Fort Worth, Texas, in 1991 she was elected the city's first female mayor, serving two terms. Early  life. Granger was born in Greenville, Texas, and grew up in Fort Worth. She attended local public schools and Eastern Hills High School. She graduated from Texas Wesleyan University. U.S. House of Representatives. Elections. After Congressman Pete Geren announced he would retire in 1996, both the Democratic and Republican parties worked to recruit Granger to run for his seat. Republicans were bullish on their chances of winning Texas's 12th congressional district. It had once been represented by Democratic Speaker of the House Jim Wright, but legislative redistricting after the 1990 census had added areas with more Republican residents. Granger  ran as a Republican. She won handily, taking 56% of the vote against Democratic nominee Hugh Parmer, also a former Fort Worth mayor. She was reelected in 1998 and faced serious opposition only in 2000. In 2008, Granger defeated Democratic nominee Tracey Smith with 67% of the vote. In 2006 Granger published "What's Right About America, Celebrating Our Nation's Values," a book reflecting on lessons from prominent figures of U.S. history. That year, she was reelected to her sixth term in Congress, and was elected Conference Vice Chair, the fourth-ranking position among House Republicans. She previously served  as chair of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on State-Foreign Operations. She also sat on the United States House Committee on Appropriations's Subcommittee on Defense (the first woman to do so), and the Labor, Health, Human Services, and Education Subcommittee. She has also served as a House Deputy Whip. On September 25, 2007, Granger endorsed former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney in the Republican presidential primary. She also took the position of national co-chair of the campaign organization Women for Mitt, filling a vacancy left by the death of Jennifer Dunn. In a statement to the press following her  endorsement, she said that she had heard Romney speak and "I agreed with everything he said, in the order he said it." She is a member of the International Republican Institute's and Southwestern University's board of directors. She is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the board of trustees for the Harry S. Truman Scholarship foundation. Tenure. Granger is the first Republican woman to sit on the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense Appropriations, and went on to chair the committee. She is also a member of the Ripon Society, a moderate Republican group. "The  Washington Post" described her as socially centrist, but fiscally conservative. Heritage Action, a conservative PAC, gave her a score of 59% conservative during the 115th Congress and a 57% lifetime score. In 2017, the Americans for Democratic Action, a liberal PAC, gave her a 15% rating. She has an 83% lifetime rating from the American Conservative Union. In 2013, the "National Journal", a nonpartisan organization, gave Granger a composite political ideology score of 73% conservative and 27% liberal. According to "FiveThirtyEight", as of February 2020, she had voted with President Trump's position on legislative issues about 97% of the  time. As of October 2021, she had voted with President Biden's position on legislative issues about 11% of the time. Granger was not present at Trump's second impeachment, on January 13, 2021, due to being diagnosed with COVID-19, and was one of four Republicans who did not vote, but said she opposed impeachment. Reversal of position on abortion. Granger formerly supported abortion rights and "Roe v. Wade". She reversed her position in 2020, saying she is now anti-abortion, and signed an amicus brief asking the Supreme Court to overturn "Roe". This was an especially significant reversal given  the fact that Granger's 1996 campaign was promoted by The WISH List, a pro-abortion rights PAC. The WISH List also supported her 2008 campaign. She received mixed ratings from groups that support legal abortion. Granger supported embryonic stem-cell research and voted against banning "chemically induced abortions." She voted for several spending bills that have included funding for Planned Parenthood, including some introduced in 2018. She introduced legislation banning federal funding for abortion with exceptions for cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the woman. She supports banning abortion after 20 weeks. In 2013, she  said abortion is not her top issue. She declined to cosponsor a bill to ban abortion after six weeks. In 2019, she signed a letter to President Trump urging him to "veto any appropriations bill that weakens current pro-life protections". She was endorsed by Texas Alliance for Life, an anti-abortion movement PAC, and the Susan B. Anthony List. Granger has said the Republican Party has too few women in Congress. Other issues. Granger has voted several times in favor of an amendment to the United States Constitution to make it a crime to physically desecrate the American flag . She supported the Federal Marriage Amendment to define marriage as only permitted between a man and a woman, and also opposed letting same-sex couples adopt children. Granger was one of four Republicans in the House not to vote for or against repealing Don't Ask Don't Tell, though she previously voted against other repeal proposals. In 2017, she said she had "no comment" in response to Trump's decision to ban transgender troops from the military. She did not vote for or against legislation opposing the ban of transgender troops. In June 2013, Granger was among the members  of Congress to vote for an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 to restrict the Pentagon from entering into new contracts with Russia's state arms broker, Rosoboronexport. In 2015, she opposed Trump's candidacy, saying, “He definitely should not be considered to speak for our nation as our president.” In 2020, she endorsed Trump and was endorsed by Trump. Granger was part of a group of eight Republicans who spent July 4, 2018, meeting with Russian officials in advance of Trump's summit with Vladimir Putin. During her tenure, Granger has supported more than  $50 million in earmarks to infrastructure projects in Fort Worth that benefited the Trinity River Vision Authority, an organization her son heads. Personal life. Granger has three children and five grandchildren. She is a member of The United Methodist Church.