Hair of the dog
"Hair of the dog", short for "Hair of the dog that bit you", is a colloquial expression in the English language predominantly used to refer to alcohol that is consumed with the aim of lessening the effects of a hangover. Etymology. The expression originally referred to a method of treatment for a rabid dog bite by placing hair from the dog in the bite wound. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer writes in the "Dictionary of Phrase and Fable" (1898): "In Scotland it is a popular belief that a few hairs of the dog that bit you applied to  the wound will prevent evil consequences. Applied to drinks, it means, if overnight you have indulged too freely, take a glass of the same wine within 24 hours to soothe the nerves. 'If this dog do you bite, soon as out of your bed, take a hair of the tail the next day.'" He also cites two apocryphal poems containing the phrase, one of which is attributed to Aristophanes. It is possible that the phrase was used to justify an existing practice, as the idea of "like cures like" () dates back at least to the time of Hippocrates. It exists  today as the basic postulate of classical homeopathy. In the 1930s cocktails known as Corpse Revivers were served in hotels. An early example of modern usage ("poil de ce chien") can be found in Rabelais' 16th century pentology Gargantua and Pantagruel, literally translated by Motteux in the late 17th century. In other languages. The phrase also exists in Hungarian, where the literal translation to English is "(You may cure) the dog's bite with its fur", but has evolved into a short phrase ("kutyaharapást szőrével") that is used frequently in other contexts when one is trying to express that the  solution to a problem is more of the problem. Among the Irish and Mexicans, the phrase 'The Cure' ("curarse la cruda", in Spanish) is often used instead of 'hair of the dog'. It is used, often sarcastically, in the question "Going for a Cure?". In Costa Rica (Central America), the same expression is used but it refers to a pig, as in: hair of the same pig ("pelos de la misma chancha" in Central America) referring to the same method to cure the hangover. In some Slavic languages (Polish, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovenian and Russian), hair of the dog  is called "a wedge" ("klin"), mirroring the concept of dislodging a stuck wedge with another one; hence the popular Polish phrase "[to dislodge] a wedge [with] a wedge" – "[wybijać] klin klinem" – which is used figuratively both with regard to alcohol and in other contexts. In Bulgarian, the phrase is "Клин клин избива" (using the "wedge" metaphor common in other Slavic languages). A similar usage is encountered in Romanian, in the phrase "Cui pe cui se scoate" ("A nail (fastener) pulls out a nail"); in Italian, in the phrase "Chiodo scaccia chiodo"; in Spanish, in the phrase "Un clavo saca otro  clavo" ("A nail pulls out another nail"); and in Turkish, in the phrase "Çivi çiviyi söker". In all five cases, the English translation is "a nail dislodges a nail", though these phrases are not exclusively used to refer to the hangover cure. The proper Russian term is опохмелка (opohmelka, "after being drunk"), which indicates a process of drinking to decrease effects of drinking the day before. In German, drinking alcohol the next morning to relieve the symptoms is sometimes described as "having a counter-beer" (ein Konterbier trinken), and in Japan, drinking alcohol in the morning after drinking too much  is called (mukae-zake), which roughly translates as "counter drinking". In Austria people talk about having a repair-beer (Reparatur-Seidl). In Norwegian, it is usually called "repareringspils", meaning a "beer to repair", and in Estonia, "peaparandus", which literally translated is "head-repair". In Danish, a beer the day after drinking, is called a "reparationsbajer", which translates to "repair beer". There is also a saying: "One must rise at the tree where one fell". In Finnish, it is called "tasoittava" (smoothening) or "korjaussarja" (repair kit) and in Czech "vyprošťovák" (extricator). In Swedish, drinking alcohol to relieve a hangover is called  having an ""återställare"", which translates roughly to "restorer". In Portuguese, people speak of "a hit" (uma rebatida), meaning to strike away (the hangover with more alcohol). In Tanzania, the equivalent Swahili phrase used is "kuzimua" which means "assist to wake up after a coma". The phrase also exists in (Sheng) Swahili Slang: In Kenya taking alcohol to relieve a hangover is called "kutoa lock", translated into "removing the lock". In Korea, alcohol (typically soju) drunk in the morning to relieve hangovers is called "haejangsul", which literally translates as "a drink of wine (on) the morning after." In China, alcohol drunk  to relieve hangover is called "回魂酒", which literally translates to "the drink that brings back your soul". In Puerto Rico, drinking alcohol as a remedy for a hangover is called "matar al ratón", or "to kill the mouse". In Cape Afrikaans, drinking alcohol to cure a hangover (babbelas) is called "kopskiet", or "shot to the head". The earliest known reference to the phrase "hair of the dog" in connection with drunkenness is found in a text from ancient Ugarit dating from the mid to late second millennium BC, in which the dog ʾIlu becomes hungover after a drinking binge. The  text includes a recipe for a salve to be applied to the dog's forehead, which consists of "hairs of a dog" and parts of an unknown plant mixed with olive oil. Scientific background. There are at least two hypotheses as to how "hair of the dog" works. In the first, hangovers are described as the first stage of alcohol withdrawal, which is then alleviated by further alcohol intake. Although "...Low [ethanol] doses may effectively prevent alcohol withdrawal syndrome in surgical patients", this idea is questionable as the signs and symptoms of hangover and alcohol withdrawal are very different. In  the second, hangovers are partly attributed to methanol metabolism. Levels of methanol, present as a congener in alcohol, have been correlated with severity of hangover and methanol metabolism to the highly toxic formate via formaldehyde coincides with the rate of appearance of hangover symptoms. As both ethanol and methanol are metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase – and ethanol is a much better substrate for this enzyme – drinking more of the former then effectively prevents (or delays) the metabolism of the latter. As pure ethanol consumption has also been found to increase endogenous levels of methanol, presumably for this reason, this suggests that  if "hair of the dog" works in this way it effects a temporary hiatus rather than a cure. In popular culture. In the videogame "The Curse of Monkey Island", the main character Guybrush Threepwood needs to make a hangover remedy, which literally includes "the hair of the dog that bit you" as an ingredient. In the videogame "", the "Hair o' the dog" potion is a consumable and craftable item used to cure the effects of a hangover on the player character. In the show, Little House on the Praire, after being reunited with Charles Ingalls, Mr. Edwards requests the hair  of the dog. In the Stanley Kubrick film "The Shining", Jack Nicholson's character uses the phrase in reference to the consumption of bourbon on consecutive nights. In the spinoff series "Cells at Work! Code Black" Chapter 2, the body receives more alcohol when the human takes the hair of the dog during hangover, much to the cells' dismay. This was also portrayed in the anime. The Modest Mouse song “The Good Times Are Killing Me” includes the line “Enough hair of the dog to make myself an entire rug.” In House MD, season 4 episode 1, Dr. House uses  the expression while trying to cure his patient from potential alcoholism. In Daredevil, Season 2 Episode 2, Karen Page uses the expression after seeing some broken glass and spilled alcohol on Matt Murdock's floor. In the Shameless episode "Can I Have a Mother?" (S2E6), Lip Gallagher uses the term when Fiona questioned his gate crashing Karen's wedding ceremony. The song "One Margarita" by Luke Bryan includes the line, "Hair of the dog, shouldn't take long." In the "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" episode "The Gang Hits the Road" (S5E2) Dennis requests beers from Charlie and says  A little hair of the dog