Producciones PUNCH
Producciones PUNCH was a Colombian "programadora". It was the first "programadora" to be established in 1956, founded by the Peñaranda family. History. PUNCH was involved in many firsts in Colombian television, including the following: It wasn't just a "programadora", however: one of its early businesses was outdoor advertising. It was one of the "programadoras" that became part of the association OTI de Colómbia, which produced the Olympic Games and the World Cup. Other members of OTI included RCN TV, RTI Colombia, Caracol TV, Producciones JES and Datos y Mensajes. In the private channel bidding of 1997, it  was one of the losing bids (leading a consortium known as "T.V. Color S.A."). Closure. In May 2000, PUNCH returned all of its programming spaces to Inravisión. It was not the first "programadora" to do so, but it was the most important occurrence of such at the time. Audiovisuales took over the spaces, increasing its program output to 41 hours a week. Though at the time it continued production for Caracol Televisión, its administration was declared expired in July 2000 for not honoring its debts.