Vrdnik
Vrdnik (; ) is a village located in the municipality of Irig, northern Syrmia, in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. It is located at southern slopes of Fruška Gora, at the border of the national park. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 3,092 inhabitants. Name. In Serbian the village is known as "Vrdnik" (Врдник), in Croatian as "Vrdnik", and in Hungarian as "Rednek". Features. Although small, the village has several distinctive features: a thermal spa, Vrdnik-Ravanica monastery from the 16th century, former coal mine with steam power plant built in 1911, Geography. Vrdnik is placed near the  heart of Fruška Gora, in a valley surrounded by its slopes, at elevation of 181–260 m and coordinates . The valley is formed by three creeks named "Dubočaš", "Morintov potok" and "Veliki potok". Most houses are built in lines (colonies) along steep streets leading uphill from the town center. History. 9th century BC graves of Bosut culture were found in Vrdnik. Tower of Vrdnik is significant historical monument, whose basements date from the Roman period. The tower's builder supposedly was Roman emperor Probus in 287 During the reign of the Kingdom of Hungary, a new fortress was built in the  14th century on its remains, of which only the today's tower remained. The "Castellum Redneck", as it was called, was probably used for protection of Vrdnik and partly Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica). This first written data about Vrdnik fortress date from 1315, but they consistently reappeared only after 1702 The village developed along the nearby monastery, and the population consisted of emigrants from all sides who worked as serfs at the monastery's property. They lived at the settlement called "Prnjavor" which was separate from the "Village". The key year for the development of Vrdnik was 1804, when a brown  coal mine was opened following the discovery of large deposits. For almost a century and a half, it was the key feature of the village's development. Miners from entire Habsburg monarchy settled in the town, forming new parts of the settlement, first of which is now known as the Old Colony ("Stara Kolonija"). Lipovac developed next, along the road to village and monastery Jazak. The smallest part is New Colony, raised between 1890 and 1908 and lies at the western part of the town. The part named "Clerk's line" ("Činovnički red") was apparently housed by clerks from the  mine and administration. The mine was closed in 1968 because deposits were largely exhausted, and coal exploitation became unviable. The village's population is in a decay since. Recent developments. The traces of mine exploitation are still present all over the village, like entries to the shafts ("Barbara", "Gustav", "Južno pomoćno", "Zora", "Glavno") and a number of buildings. The "Miners' house" is scheduled for transformation into an ethno-tourist attraction. After the mine's closure, most of the population turned back to agriculture. For its favorable geographic position, the area of Vrdnik is suitable for winemaking. The spa, accompanied with  hotel with annex, bungalows, 260 beds total, and two Olympic-size swimming pools presents an important touristic asset and a source of income. The water temperature is 32.8 °C, and the spa is suitable for treatment of rheumatoid ailments, postoperative conditions, various painful disorders, and general balneologic recuperation. Demographics. As of 2011 census, the village of Vrdnik has a population of 3,092 inhabitants.