People linked to Anwar al-Awlaki
Anwar al-Awlaki (also spelled Aulaqi) was an American-Yemeni cleric killed in late 2011, who was identified in 2009 by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as a known, important "senior recruiter for al Qaeda", and a spiritual motivator. Al-Awlaki’s recorded lectures appeared to inspire Islamist fundamentalists who comprised at least six terror cells in the UK through 2009. Michael Finton (Talib Islam), who attempted in September 2009 to bomb the Federal Building and the adjacent offices of Congressman Aaron Schock in Springfield, Illinois, admired al-Awlaki and quoted  him on his Myspace page. In addition to his website, al-Awlaki had a Facebook fan page. A substantial percentage of fans were from the US and identified as high school students. In October 2008, Charles Allen, U.S. Undersecretary of Homeland Security for Intelligence and Analysis, warned that al-Awlaki "targets U.S. Muslims with radical online lectures encouraging terrorist attacks from his new home in Yemen." Responding to Allen, Al-Awlaki wrote on his website in December 2008: "I would challenge him to come up with just one such lecture where I encourage 'terrorist attacks'". 9/11 attacks. Khalid al-Mihdhar  was one of the five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 77, which was flown into the Pentagon as part of the September 11 attacks. While in San Diego, witnesses told the FBI Mihdhar and fellow hijacker Nawaf al-Hazmi had a close relationship with Anwar Al Awlaki, an imam who served as their spiritual advisor. Authorities say the two regularly attended the Masjid Ar-Ribat al-Islami mosque Awlaki led in San Diego, and Awlaki had many closed-door meetings with them, which led investigators to believe Awlaki knew about the 9/11 attacks in advance. Anwar al-Awlaki headed east  and served as Imam at the Dar al-Hijrah mosque in the metropolitan Washington, DC area starting in January 2001. Shortly after this, his sermons were attended by three of the 9/11 hijackers including Hazmi. The September 11 Commission concluded that two of the hijackers "reportedly respected Awlaki as a religious figure". Police found his telephone number in the contacts of Ramzi bin al-Shibh (the "20th hijacker") when they searched his Hamburg apartment while investigating the 9/11 attacks. The imam's precise role in the September 11 attack remains a painful, unanswered question for many Americans when he shows  up so frequently in a timeline of events. In 2011, the House Homeland Security Committee investigated whether Anwar al-Awlaki might have contributed to the 9/11 attacks. Little Rock military recruiting office shooting (June 2009). In the 2009 Little Rock military recruiting office shooting, Abdulhakim Mujahid Muhammad, formerly known as Carlos Leon Bledsoe, a convert to Islam who had spent time in Yemen, on June 1, 2009 opened fire with an assault rifle in a drive-by shooting on soldiers in front of a United States military recruiting office in Little Rock, Arkansas. He killed Private William Long and wounded  Private Quinton Ezeagwula. Muhammad claimed to be affiliated with and sent by Al-Qaeda. He had previously been arrested in Yemen in November 2008, with a fraudulent Somali passport, explosive manuals, and literature by al-Awlaki. Fort Hood shooter (November 2009). Shooting suspect Nidal Malik Hasan was investigated by the FBI after intelligence agencies intercepted at least 18 emails between him and al-Awlaki between December 2008 and June 2009. The terrorism expert Jarret Brachman said that Hasan's contacts with al-Awlaki should have raised "huge red flags" to intelligence analysts. According to Brachman, the late al-Awlaki was  a major influence on radical English-speaking jihadis internationally. "The Wall Street Journal" reported that "There is no indication Mr. Awlaki played a direct role in any of the attacks, and he has never been indicted in the U.S." In one of the emails, Hasan wrote al-Awlaki: "I can't wait to join you [in the afterlife]". "It sounds like code words," said Lt. Col. Tony Shaffer, a military analyst at the Center for Advanced Defense Studies. "That he's actually either offering himself up, or that he's already crossed that line in his own mind." Hasan also  asked al-Awlaki when jihad is appropriate, and whether it is permissible if innocents are killed in a suicide attack. In the months before the attacks, Hasan increased his contacts with al-Awlaki to discuss how to transfer funds abroad without coming to the attention of law authorities. A DC-based Joint Terrorism Task Force operating under the FBI was notified of the emails, and reviewed the information. Army employees were informed of the emails, but they didn't perceive any terrorist threat in Hasan's questions, as the psychiatrist was researching issues related to potential conflicts of Muslims related  to serving in the military. He was completing a master's degree in public health in "Disaster and Preventive Psychiatry". The assessment was that there was not sufficient information for a larger investigation. Blog and website. Al-Awlaki had set up a website, with a blog on which he shared his views. On December 11, 2008, he condemned any Muslim who seeks a religious decree "that would allow him to serve in the armies of the disbelievers and fight against his brothers." In "44 Ways to Support Jihad," another sermon posted on his blog in February 2009, al-Awlaki encouraged  others to "fight jihad", and explained how to give money to the mujahideen or their families after they have died. Al-Aulaqi's sermon encouraged followers to get weapons training, and raise children "on the love of Jihad." A fellow Muslim officer at Fort Hood said Hasan's eyes "lit up" when he talked about al-Awlaki's teachings. Some investigators believe that Hasan's contacts with al-Aulaqi are what pushed him toward violence. Others think his personal psychological problems and an apparently fragile emotional state, which were discussed for years by colleagues and superiors, were more significant. After  the Fort Hood shooting, on his now temporarily inoperable website (apparently because some web hosting companies took it down), al-Awlaki praised Hasan's actions: Nidal Hassan is a hero... The U.S. is leading the war against terrorism, which in reality is a war against Islam... Nidal opened fire on soldiers who were on their way to be deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. How can there be any dispute about the virtue of what he has done? In fact the only way a Muslim could Islamically justify serving as a soldier in the U.S. army is if his intention is  to follow the footsteps of men like Nidal. The fact that fighting against the US army is an Islamic duty today cannot be disputed. No scholar with a grain of Islamic knowledge can defy the clear cut proofs that Muslims today have the right—rather the duty—to fight against American tyranny. Nidal has killed soldiers who were about to be deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in order to kill Muslims. The American Muslims who condemned his actions have committed treason against the Muslim Ummah and have fallen into hypocrisy... May Allah grant our brother Nidal patience, perseverance, and  steadfastness, and we ask Allah to accept from him his great heroic act. Ameen. Yemeni journalist Abdulelah Hider Shaea interviewed al-Awlaki in November 2009. Asked whether Hasan mentioned Fort Hood as a target in his e-mails, Shaea declined to comment. However, al-Awlaki said the shooting was acceptable in Islam because it was a form of "jihad", as the West began the hostilities with the Muslims. Al-Aulaqi said he "blessed the act because it was against a military target. And the soldiers who were killed were ... those who were trained and prepared to go to Iraq and  Afghanistan". Al-Awlaki released a tape in March 2010, in which he said, in part: In addition to the point made by al-Awlaki himself about the failure to release his emails, despite wide press coverage of al-Awlaki's role as a spiritual guide to Hasan, and many previous anti-terrorism investigations dating back pre-9/11, al-Aulaqi has not been placed on an FBI Most Wanted or other terror list, indicted for treason, or publicly named as a co-conspirator with Hasan. The US government has been reluctant to classify the Fort Hood shooting as a terrorist incident, or  to identify Hasan's motive. Christmas Day bomber (December 2009). Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab (Arabic عمر فاروق عبد المطلب) (also referred to as Umar Abdul Mutallab and Omar Farooq al-Nigeri; born December 22, 1986, Lagos), popularly referred to as the "Underwear Bomber", is a Nigerian man who, at the age of 23, confessed to and was convicted of attempting to detonate plastic explosives hidden in his underwear while on board Northwest Airlines Flight 253, en route from Amsterdam to Detroit, Michigan, on December 25, 2009. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula claimed to have organized the attack with Adbulmutallab and  said they supplied him with the bomb and trained him. He was convicted of eight criminal counts, including attempted use of a weapon of mass destruction and attempted murder of 289 people. On February 16, 2012 he was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole by a U.S. federal court. Sharif Mobley (March 2010). Alleged al-Qaeda member Sharif Mobley, who is charged with having killed a guard during a March 2010 escape attempt in Yemen, left his home in New Jersey to seek out al-Awlaki, hoping that Awlaki would become his al-Qaeda mentor, according  to senior U.S. security officials as reported by "CNN". He was in contact with al-Awlaki, according to officials from the U.S. and Yemen, "The New York Times" reported. A Yemeni embassy spokesman in Washington, D.C., said he was not surprised by al-Aulaqi's apparent links to Mobley, calling al-Aulaqi: "a fixture in jihad 101." Paul and Nadia Rockwood (April 2010). Paul Rockwood is an Alaskan man and a follower of al-Awlaki. According to US Attorney Karen L. Loeffler, he "held a personal conviction that it was his religious responsibility to exact revenge by death on anyone  who desecrated Islam, and he began researching possible targets for execution." Her report to the United States Department of Justice states that he became a strict adherent to the violent "jihad" ideology of Al-Awlaki. He compiled a hit-list of 15 targets as well as possible methods, including mail bombs and gunshots to the head. He gave the list to his wife, Nadia, in April 2010 and she delivered the list to Anchorage, Alaska, where it was obtained by the FBI. In a plea agreement, the couple pleaded guilty to lying to FBI investigators. Zachary Adam Chesser (April 2010 ). Zachary Adam Chesser (also known as "Abu Talhah al-Amrikee") is an American man in Fairfax County, Virginia, who has been accused of aiding a terrorist organization. In April 2010, he posted a "warning" to the creators of the animated TV series "South Park," suggesting that they would be killed for depicting Muhammad in their 200th episode. In July 2010, he was arrested on charges of aiding Al-Shabaab, which has been designated a terrorist organization by the U.S. government. Court records say that he had become intrigued by al-Awlaki's teachings and corresponded with the cleric by email . Times Square bomber (May 2010). Faisal Shahzad, convicted of the attempted car bombing of Times Square in May 2010, told interrogators that he was "inspired by" al-Awlaki. Shahzad reportedly said he was moved to action, at least in part, by al-Awlaki's English-language writings calling for holy war against Western targets, and he was a "fan and follower" of al-Aulaqi, according to sources. Shahzad made contact over the internet with al-Aulaqi, "ABC News" reported. Roshonara Choudhry (May 2010). Roshonara Choudhry is a British Muslim woman who, after listening to al-Awlaki's English-language sermons  online, decided to attack politicians she felt were involved in the persecution of Muslims in Iraq. After researching voting records, she attacked MP Stephen Timms with a kitchen knife on May 14, 2010 and stabbed him twice before being subdued. The investigation of the attack was handled by the counter-terrorism command at Scotland Yard after the connection to al-Awlaki was discovered, but they found no evidence of any direct contact with al-Aulaqi or any other radicals. Choudhry was convicted of attempted murder and weapon possession. Barry Walter Bujol (May 2010). Barry Walter Bujol Jr., an African American  from Hempstead, Texas, was arrested and charged by the U.S. government in May 2010 with trying to provide money and equipment to al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. Court documents alleged that he exchanged email with and received advice from al-Awlaki over a period of several months in 2008, including advice on how to help al-Qaeda and how to start a "jihadi" website that could not be traced. Al-Awlaki also sent him a copy of his tract entitled "42 Ways of Supporting Jihad". Mohamed Haoud Alessa and Carlos Eduardo Almonte (June 2010). Mohamed Haoud Alessa and Carlos  Eduardo Almonte were arrested on June 6, 2010 at Kennedy International Airport en route to Somalia allegedly for the purpose of joining "an Islamic extremist group and to kill American troops", although few American troops are stationed any longer in Somalia. The two men were waiting to board separate flights to Egypt en route to Somalia where they hoped to join the Shabaab militant group. Both men are American citizens and had been under investigation by the FBI since 2006, when Alessa was still a teenager. Each was charged with a "single count of conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim, or  injure persons or damage property in a foreign country". The two men viewed a number of audio and video recording promoting violent Jihad, including lectures by al-Awlaki, in the presence of an undercover officer. If convicted, the two were likely to face a maximum penalty of life imprisonment. Both pleaded guilty to the charges on 3 March 2011 in the Newark Federal Court. Chattanooga military recruiting office and reserve center shooting (July 2015). On July 16, 2015, Mohammad Youssef Abdulazee opened fire at an armed forces recruiting center and Navy Operational Support Center in Chattanooga, Tennessee, killed 4 Marines  and 1 Sailor. The cause of the shooting is still under investigation. During the ongoing investigation, law enforcement officials revealed that Abdulazee had downloaded al-Awlaki's teachings and had several CDs. George Tenet. In 2001, then CIA director, George Tenet, made a call to Ali Abdullah Saleh, then President of Yemen, insisting that he must release a prisoner in Yemen's custody. Sources indicated that this prisoner was Al-Awlaki, a suspect in the bombing of the USS Cole. On leaked audio, the CIA director said, of the prisoner, "This is my person. This is my problem, this is  my issue...The man must be released." Tenet instructed President Saleh that the FBI agents investigating the USS Cole Bombing should not be allowed to meet with the prisoner. This conversation led journalists to speculate that Al-Awlaki was working with the CIA in the lead-up to the September 11th attacks, and prior to his career as an imam in the US.