Peter, Count of Ribagorza
Peter of Aragon (, ; 1305 – 4 November 1381) was an "infante" (royal prince) of the Crown of Aragon who served three successive kings as a soldier, diplomat and counsellor before joining the Franciscans in 1358. Peter was the Count of Ribagorza (1322–1358), Count of Empúries (1325–1341) and Count of Prades (1341–1358). He was the most important counsellor of Alfonso IV and Peter IV, and was regent during the absence of the latter (1354–1356). He took part in most of the major military conflicts of their reigns down to his death. Peter was also an author and patron  of letters. As a Franciscan, he advocated an end to the Avignon Papacy and wrote a prophetic tract to that effect. Younger son. Peter was born in 1305 in Barcelona, the eighth child of King James II of Aragon and Blanche of Anjou. In the opinion of , he was James's favourite son. When his oldest brother, James, became a monk in 1319, Peter was declared second in line to throne after his brother, the future Alfonso IV. The birth to Alfonso of a son, the future Peter IV, later that year soon displaced him. In 1322, his father granted  him the County of Ribagorza and the baronies of Gandia and Pego in the Kingdom of Valencia. In 1323, he asked his father to again name him as Alfonso's heir in the event that Alfonso died during his expedition to Sardinia. James refused. Peter had a reputation as a man of culture. He wrote in prose and verse on topics moral, political and historical. He attracted Occitan authors to Catalonia. In 1324, the troubadour Raimon de Cornet dedicated to him his "Doctrinal de trobar" and Joan de Castellnou dedicated to him his "Glossari" in 1341. During 1323–1324, Peter served  as procurator general of the Crown of Aragon. In 1325, in a meeting of the "Cortes" of Aragon, James confirmed Alfonso's son Peter as next in line to the throne and granted Peter of Ribagorza the County of Empúries. Peter fortified Empúries against Muslim pirate attacks, enlarged the comital palace and the parish church in Castelló and granted privileges to merchants. In 1325, Peter was dispatched on an embassy to negotiate an exemption from the annual census (tax) that James was required to pay the papacy for the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica. In 1327, Peter was present at  the inauguration of the monastery of Pedralbes and at the ceremony where James III of Majorca swore fealty to Alfonso IV, who had succeeded James that year. In 1328, Peter assisted at Alfonso's coronation. While Alfonso placed the crown on his own head, his brothers—Archbishop John of Toledo, Count Ramon Berenguer of Prades and Peter—adjusted it. The chronicler Ramon Muntaner provides a detailed account of the coronation. He calls Peter "most gracious and wise ... among the most subtle in the world". Elder statesman. When Peter IV succeeded Alfonso IV in 1336, Peter of Ribagorza presented him with  a Latin mirror for princes entitled "De vita, moribus et regimine principum". He became one of the young king's most influential counsellors, drawing him away from the influence of Archbishop Pedro López de Luna. Early in the reign, Peter acted as a peacemaker. When Peter IV was on the verge of open conflict with his stepmother, Eleanor of Castile, over the rights of his half-brothers, Ferdinand and John, it was the Count of Ribagorza who dissuaded him from invading Castile, where they had taken refuge, and from attacking Pere de Xèrica, Eleanor's ally. In May 1331, Peter  married Joan, daughter of Count Gaston I of Foix, in Castelló in his County of Empúries. In 1341, he exchanged Empúries with his brother Ramon Berenguer for the . Within his new county, in the place then called Les Fonts del Perelló, he founded the coastal hospital today known as L'Hospitalet de l'Infant on 8 November 1344. The town of Vandellòs i l'Hospitalet de l'Infant arose around the hospital. With Prades, Peter also acquired the barony of Entença. He was also appointed seneschal of the Principality of Catalonia. Although he advocated peace, Peter took an active part in Peter IV's  conquest of Majorca (1343–1349). He participated in the invasion of Mallorca in 1343, the invasion of Roussillon in 1343–1344 and the defence of Cerdagne and Conflent from the counter-invasion of James III in 1347. In 1354–1356, he served as head of the regency council during Peter IV's expedition to Sardinia. He tried to prevent the War of the Two Peters between Peter IV and King Peter of Castile. On 20 August 1356, the king wrote to him ordering him to raise cavalry for two months' service on the frontier. In 1356–1357, he defended the Kingdom of Valencia against  a Castilian invasion. Franciscan friar. When Joan died in 1358, Peter made his will (dated 10 November 1358), renounced his counties in favour of his sons and entered the Franciscan (12 November). His decision to join the Franciscans greatly enhanced that order's standing in the Crown of Aragon. His retirement from worldly affairs, however, was only partial. In 1364–1365, with Peter IV unable to leave Aragon, the Franciscan left his convent to assist Peter IV's young son, the future John I, in the defence of Valencia against a Castilian invasion. Using his contacts at Avignon, the Franciscan helped  arrange in 1365 for the free company of soldiers under Bertrand du Guesclin, the so-called White Company, to assist Count Henry of Trastámara in his revolt against Peter of Castile. Peter's final years were occupied by his great concern for the peace and unity of the church. He was highly regarded in the papal "curia". He penned his "Revelations", a prophetic tract in a Joachimite vein and influenced by Jean de Roquetaillade, in an effort to end the "Babylonian captivity" of the papacy in Avignon. He was forced to defend his work before Pope Urban V in Avignon , but it was condemned in 1365. It was during this stay at Avignon that he met Francesc Eiximenis. During the Western Schism that resulted in 1378, Peter broke with the king of Aragon and openly supported the Roman pope, Urban VI. The future John I, using secret channels, managed to block Urban from making Peter a cardinal in 1380. He died at Pisa on 4 November 1381 while on his way to Rome. He was buried in the local Franciscan convent, but his body was moved to the in 1391. Children. By his marriage to Joan, Peter had four children