Your Sinclair
Your Sinclair, or YS as it was commonly abbreviated, was a commercially published and printed British computer magazine for the Sinclair range of computers, mainly the ZX Spectrum. It was in circulation between 1984 and 1993. History. The magazine was launched in January 1984 as Your Spectrum by Sportscene Specialist Press, (Sportscene would later be renamed to Dennis Publishing in April 1987). Initially, it was published bimonthly, changing to monthly in June 1984. With the January 1986 issue, the title was relaunched as "Your Sinclair", with the intention of expanding coverage of the QL into the main magazine  (previously, "QL User" had been a pull-out section within the magazine), and any future computers produced by Sinclair. However, the magazine remained focused almost entirely on the ZX Spectrum games scene. In 1990, the magazine was sold to Bath-based Future plc, and the April 1990 issue was the first to be published by the new company. That issue's news section contained a feature on the change in publishers, which jokingly suggested that Future had intended to buy a Sinclair C5 and had ended up buying the magazine by mistake. Publishing of the magazine ended in September 1993 , after the commercial life of the Spectrum ended and the magazine had shrunk to fewer than forty pages per issue. A 94th issue, a retrospective on the magazine, was published in 2004 and given away free with "Retro Gamer" magazine. It featured interviews with some of the writers and reviewers from across the magazine's history, a four-page memoir written by former staff writer Phil South, and several new reviews and tips, keeping the style of the original magazine throughout. The magazine introduced a unique writing style, inspired by launch editor Roger Munford and expanded upon by subsequent editors  and writers. Influences can be found in titles ranging from "Private Eye" to "Viz". Towards the end of the magazine's life, and particularly under the editorship of Jonathan Nash, the style was further influenced by magazines "YS" had itself inspired, in particular "Amiga Power" and fanzine "The Thing Monthly". The original 1986 Your Sinclair team included Kevin Cox (editor), Teresa "T'zer" Maughan (deputy editor), Sara Biggs (production editor), Pete Shaw (editorial assistant), and Phil "Snouty" South (writer). Marcus Berkmann joined as staff writer in early 1987 when Maughan took over as editor. Freelance writers of the time included John  Minson (writing under various pseudonyms, including Sue Denham, Gwyn Hughes and Rachael Smith), Mike Gerrard, Max Phillips, Tony Worrall and David McCandless. The final 1993 team consisted of just two permanent staff members: Jonathan Nash (editor) and Andy Ounsted (art editor). Steve Anderson, Rich Pelley, Tim Kemp, Simon Cooke, Dave Golder and Simon Forrester were among those working on a freelance basis. Content. YS's content varied widely, occasionally ignoring the subject of computers entirely. As the Spectrum scene diminished and there was less software to review, this happened more frequently. The tone of the magazine was inspired by teenage  magazines such as Smash Hits and Just Seventeen. In 1992, under the editorship of Andy Hutchinson, several 'lifestyle' type sections were introduced. These included "Haylp!", an agony aunt column, and "The World" (later retitled "Flip!"), which contained reviews of films and books. This section included "The Killer Kolumn From Outer Space", dedicated to science fiction news, rumours and reviews. It was written by Dave Golder, who went on to be the second editor of the successful "SFX". Writing in the 100th issue of that publication, Golder cited his earlier work on "YS" and described "SFX" as "like hundreds of Killer  Kolumns stapled together". Flip! was discontinued, but the Killer Kolumn was kept on until the penultimate issue in 1993. A similar page to Flip!/The World had existed in 1987–88 called "Street Life", but this had also contained Spectrum game charts. Pssst/Frontlines. The news section was originally called "Frontlines" and dealt with Sinclair news and rumours. It also regularly contained mock celebrity interviews (such as the "At The Bus Stop With..." series) and trivial charts, as well as features about the writers themselves. Subsections of Pssst and Frontlines included "T'zers", a column which contained rumours about possible forthcoming releases for  the Spectrum and, later on, the SAM Coupé. It was named after and originally written by Teresa Maughan, but the column remained after she left the magazine, as it was felt 'T'zers' was an appropriate title since it contained 'teasers' for future games. "Rock Around The Clock", which first appeared in 1991, was a small column dedicated to looking at a particular back issue, as well as news and current affairs from the same time. Perhaps one of the odder sections of "Pssst" was the "Peculiar Pets Corner". Editor Matt Bielby originally intended this to be a showcase for "YS  readers' exotic pets such as snakes, pigs, monkeys or spiders, but these pets" also included such things as a purple fruit gum and a tuba. When an editor or member of the writing staff left, the magazine would often concoct fanciful stories surrounding their leaving. Matt Bielby was carted off to the funny farm after declaring himself to be God, Andy Ide became a Green Party ambassador, and Andy Hutchinson left to design a skate park at Alton Towers. In actuality, the majority of ex-"YS" staff went on to work for other magazines, such as "Amiga Power". Reviews. "Your Sinclair"s  reviewing system varied throughout the magazine's life. During the "Your Spectrum" era, game reviews were confined to the "Spectrum Soft" section, later called "Joystick Jury". Games were reviewed by a panel of reviewers and given a mark out of 10. In practice this was a score out of 9, since no game ever received a perfect 10, on the rationale that a better game could come along at a later date. After the name change to Joystick Jury, games were judged by each individual reviewer to be either a 'hit' or a 'miss' (in the manner of television show  Juke Box Jury, after which it was named). The hit and miss system was abandoned with Issue 19, and with the transition to "Your Sinclair", the review section was renamed "Screen Shots". In Screen Shots, games were still rated out of ten, but they were also given separate ratings for graphics, playability, value for money and addictiveness. They were also now reviewed by individual writers, rather than a panel. In 1988, Joystick Jury was superseded by Joystick Jugglers, and the familiar cartoons of reviewers were introduced. Screen Shots was removed as a self-contained section in 1989, and reviews began  to appear throughout the magazine, generally with the bigger games being reviewed towards the front. Budget games had their own section, "Bargain Basement" (later replaced with "Replay" when it was felt that original budget games should be reviewed alongside full price games). The magazine also began using a rating out of 100, rather than ten, when reviewing games. However, this was referred to as a 'degree scale' rather than a percentage scale, with a graphic of a thermometer representing the rating; the higher the rating, the "hotter" the game. Reviewer Jon Pillar embraced both extremes of the review scale, giving  Count Duckula 2 a mere 9˚ and "Mercenary" 99˚. The final change in review style came in late 1992 when the various ratings for addictiveness, graphics, and so forth were replaced by a summary of the game's good and bad points, with an overall mark (now as a percentage) below that. Games which were scored at more than 90˚/90%, or 9/10 before the degree scale was introduced, were awarded "YS" coveted "Megagame" status, though this was undermined slightly when Duncan MacDonald gave it to his own deliberately bad Sinclair BASIC creation, "Advanced Lawnmower Simulator", in a moment of surreal  humour. Reader games were also reviewed for a while in the "Crap Games Corner", many being inspired by "Advanced Lawnmower Simulator" or being just as deliberately bad. Good reader games sometimes ended up on the covertape. YS reviewers were often 'interviewed' in a column at first called "Joystick Jury" (the same as the reviews section in "Your Spectrum"), then "Joystick Jugglers", and finally (when there were fewer games to review and they wanted to introduce the team as a whole, including design staff) "The Shed Crew", a reference to the recurring joke that after the move to Future Publishing, their  office was now a garden shed. The Jugglers were depicted with caricatures mostly drawn by Nick Davies, although some writers (such as Jon Pillar/Jonathan Nash) drew their own and art editor Andy Ounsted drew most of the latter reviewers. The Juggler caricatures took on something of a life of their own, and in 1990, a game, "YS Capers", was given away with the magazine in which you had to shoot the "YS" crew, depicted in their cartoon forms. Tipshop. Originally, the tips section of the magazine was called "Hack Free Zone", to distinguish it from "Hacking Away", which was  dedicated to type-in POKEs. Hacking away was written by Chris Wood and "ZZKJ", while Hex Loader was written by Phil South under the pseudonym of Hex Loader. The sections were merged in 1987 to become the "Tipshop". It contained all tips, cheats and complete solutions sent in by readers, and spawned its own book, the "YS Tipshop Tiptionary". "Dr. Berkmann's Clinic" (renamed "The YS Clinic With Dr. Hugo Z Hackenbush" after Marcus Berkmann left to go freelance), originally set up to provide help for the game "Head Over Heels", allowed readers to provide solutions to each other's  gaming problems, more often than not solved by Richard Swann. "Practical Pokes", hosted mainly by Jon North, was the successor to Hacking Away, and contained both type-in and Multiface POKEs. The Tipshop was hosted variously by Phil South, David McCandless, Jonathan Davies and Linda Barker. Technical sections. While "YS" is often thought of as primarily a games magazine, throughout its life it hosted a variety of technical columns, mainly dedicated to programming technique. "Program Pitstop", first hosted by David McCandless, then Jonathan Davies and finally Craig Broadbent, contained type-in programs and was one of the last columns of  its kind, a remnant of an era when computer magazines would dedicate entire sections to BASIC program listings. Most of the programs were in Sinclair BASIC, although some were in hexadecimal machine code, for which a special interpreter, the Hex Loader, was written. It replaced the pull-out section "Program Power"; the main difference was that Program Pitstop mainly included listings for utility programs and demos (for example, a level editor for games such as Atari's "Gauntlet"), while Program Power also included games. Program Pitstop also featured contributions from well known programmers, such as the Rainbow Processor by Dominic  Robinson, which allowed the Spectrum to display more than two colours per character. "Spec Tec" (Adam Waring) and its descendant "Spec Tec Jr" (Simon Cooke) were home to readers' technical queries. The introduction to these columns were typically written in the style of a Philip Marlowe monologue, occasionally including ongoing plots. Other technical columns included "Rage Hard", an occasional page which brought news of peripherals and other enhancements for the Spectrum; "Steve's Programming Laundrette", in which Steve Anderson took the reader step-by-step through producing a BASIC game; and Simon Hindle's "Dial Hard", which helped you connect  a Spectrum to the Internet. Before the magazine's relaunch as "Your Sinclair" in 1986, "Your Spectrum" contained a plethora of technical articles, including guides on programming in machine code and Forth, and information on how to upgrade the basic Spectrum set-up to incorporate better sound and more memory. Letters. From the magazine's inception, letters were answered mainly by the magazine's editor. The letters page contained several subsections, which varied through the magazines' lifetime, but included: The Star Letter was awarded three full-price Spectrum games. When asked what qualities a star letter possessed, editor Linda Barker  answered ""A star letter is one that makes the entire Shed crew rock with mirth, or touches their hearts,"" although other editors had their own criteria for the type of letter they awarded Star Letter status to. Like many later computer magazines (such as "Zero" and "Amiga Power") "Your Sinclair" created a sense of community with its readers through the letters page, and many readers wrote in regularly, becoming almost part of the team themselves. Indeed, several letter writers went on to write for "YS" in a freelance capacity, including Leigh Loveday and Rich Pelley. Along with Jonathan Davies, Pelley  had formerly written for the fanzine "Spectacular", and both became regular contributors for the magazine between 1988 and 1993. After "YS" closed, Davies went on to become editor of "Sega Zone", "Amiga Power" and "PC Gamer", while Pelley regularly wrote articles for a number of magazines. Cover tape. By October 1988, the magazine had committed itself to including a cover tape every month. Content typically included an older full game, and a specially-made single-level demo of a new, high-profile game such as Cybernoid II or Power Drift. Other content included game soundtracks and user-submitted demos. In  December 1988, the magazine became the first to include two tapes. Official Top 100 games. Between the months of October 1991 and January 1992, contributor Stuart Campbell compiled his list of the Top 100 ZX Spectrum games of all time. In the months leading up to the final issue, readers were invited to vote on their ten favourite games, which was then compiled into a 'readers choice' top 100, which was published in the final issue alongside Stuart Campbell's list. In the 2004 special issue, presented by "Retro Gamer", there was a follow-up top 50 listing, chosen by  the journalists from that magazine. YS2. As reduced advertising and lack of material to review caused "YS" page numbers to drop, "YS" introduced "YS2", which was incorporated on the cover tape, and contained a teletext-like viewer program and a collection of some fifty or so 'extra' pages of content largely written by then editor Jonathan Nash and regular contributor Steve Anderson. It contained, amongst other things, short stories, surrealist and absurdist humour, and "Private Eye"-style news satire. Not long before the magazine folded, plans were being made to improve the interface and increase the number of pages. The code  for "YS2" had been taken (supposedly without permission) from adventure game company Delta 4's similar "Sceptical" program. The writers often jokingly referred to a possible lawsuit against them, and wrote as an acknowledgement ""The Sceptical driver is copyright Delta 4, who are really nice and hardly ever sue"". No lawsuit materialised—YS and Delta 4 had a good working relationship, the magazine having featured several of their games on the covertape in the past. In 1999, a webzine, "YS3", was launched by comp.sys.sinclair newsgroup regulars Nathan Cross and Jon Hyde, and managed to recreate something of the original magazine 's style and humour. It ran irregularly until 2002 before going on an extended hiatus. It has since returned in blog form.