Gladys Cooper
Dame Gladys Constance Cooper, (18 December 1888 – 17 November 1971) was an English actress, theatrical manager and producer, whose career spanned seven decades on stage, in films and on television. As a teenager in Edwardian musical comedy and pantomime, she starred in dramatic roles and silent films before the First World War. She managed the Playhouse Theatre from 1917 to 1934, where she starred in many roles. From the early 1920s Cooper won praise in plays by W. Somerset Maugham and others. In the 1930s she starred steadily in productions both in London's West End and on  Broadway. Moving to Hollywood in 1940, Cooper found success in a variety of character roles. She received three Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress, for performances in "The Song of Bernadette" (1943), "My Fair Lady" (1964) and, most famously, "Now, Voyager" (1942). Throughout the 1950s and 60s she worked both on stage and on screen, continuing to star on stage until her last year. Early life and career. Cooper was born at 23 Ennersdale Road, Hither Green, Lewisham, London, the eldest of the three daughters of Charles William Frederick Cooper (1844–1939) by his marriage to Mabel Barnett (1861–1944). Her  two younger sisters were Doris Mabel (1891–1987) and Grace Muriel (1893–1982). Writer Henry St. John Cooper was a half-brother. Cooper spent most of her childhood in Chiswick, where her family moved when she was an infant. She made her stage debut in 1905 touring with Seymour Hicks in his musical "Bluebell in Fairyland" and was becoming a popular photographic model. In 1906, she appeared as Lady Swan in London in "The Belle of Mayfair" and then in the pantomime "Babes in the Wood" as Mavis. The following year she became a chorus girl at the Gaiety Theatre, creating the  small role of Eva in "The Girls of Gottenberg". That Christmas, she was Molly in "Babes in the Wood". In 1908, she appeared in the musical "Havana" followed, the next year, by "Our Miss Gibbs", in which she played Lady Connie; she was then on tour again with Hicks, in "Papa's Wife", before playing Sadie von Tromp in the hit operetta "The Dollar Princess" at Daly's Theatre in 1909. In 1911, she appeared in a production of "The Importance of Being Earnest" and in "Man and Superman". Among several other plays, the next year she was Muriel Pym  in "Milestones" at the Royalty Theatre. A highlight of 1913 was Dora in "Diplomacy" at Wyndham's Theatre. That year she also played the title role in "The Pursuit of Pamela" at the Royalty. In 1913 Cooper appeared in her first film, "The Eleventh Commandment", going on to make several more silent films during the First World War and shortly afterwards. She continued full-time stage work, however, including appearances as Lady Agatha Lazenby in "The Admirable Crichton" in 1916 and Clara de Foenix in "Trelawny of the Wells". In addition, in 1917, Cooper became co-manager, with Frank Curzon , of the Playhouse Theatre, taking over sole control from 1927 until she left in 1933. During these years, she starred several times in "My Lady's Dress". She appeared in W. Somerset Maugham's "Home and Beauty" in 1919, repeated Dora at His Majesty's Theatre in 1920 and elsewhere thereafter, and both produced and played numerous roles at the Playhouse Theatre. It was not until 1922, however, now in her mid-thirties, that she found major critical success, in Arthur Wing Pinero's "The Second Mrs. Tanqueray". Early in her stage career, she was criticised for being too stiff . Aldous Huxley dismissed her performance in "Home and Beauty", writing "she is too impassive, too statuesque, playing all the time as if she were Galatea, newly unpetrified and still unused to the ways of the living world." Evidently, her acting improved during this period, as Maugham praised her for "turning herself from an indifferent actress to an extremely competent one" through her common sense and industriousness. For both the 1923 and 1924 Christmas shows at the Adelphi Theatre, Cooper played the title character in "Peter Pan", while also playing several other roles at that theatre during those two years. She  appeared in Maugham's "The Letter" in London and on tour in 1927 and 1928, in "Excelsior" (adapted from "L'Ecole des Cocottes" by H.M. Harwood) in 1928, and in Maugham's "The Sacred Flame" in 1929, also in London and on tour. Among other roles, Cooper was Clemency Warlock in "Cynara" (1930), Wanda Heriot in "The Pelican" (1931), Lucy Haydon in "Dr Pygmalion" (1932), Carola in "The Firebird" (1932), Jane Claydon in "The Rats of Norway" (1933), Mariella Linden in "The Shining Hour" in 1934 and 1935, in London and New York City and on tour (at the same time  making her first "talkie" film, "The Iron Duke"), also playing Desdemona and Lady Macbeth on Broadway in 1935. She was Dorothy Hilton in "Call it a Day", again in both London and New York, from 1935 to 1936. A highlight of 1937 was Laura Lorimer in "Goodbye to Yesterday" in London and on tour. In 1938, she played Tiny Fox-Collier in "Spring Meeting" in New York, Montreal and Britain, as well as several Shakespeare roles and Fran Dodsworth in "Dodsworth". She repeated "Spring Meeting" in 1939. Later career. Cooper turned to film full-time in 1940, finding success in  Hollywood in a variety of character roles and was frequently cast as a disapproving, aristocratic society woman, although she sometimes played lively, approachable types, as she did in "Rebecca" (1940). She was nominated three times for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performances as Bette Davis's domineering mother in "Now, Voyager" (1942), a sceptical nun in "The Song of Bernadette" (1943), and Rex Harrison's mother, Mrs. Higgins, in "My Fair Lady" (1964). In 1945, after playing the role of Clarissa Scott in the film "The Valley of Decision", for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer she was given  a contract with the studio. Her credits there included both dramatic and comedy films, including "The Green Years" (1946), "The Cockeyed Miracle" (1946) and "The Secret Garden" (1949). Other notable film roles were "The Man Who Loved Redheads" (1955), "Separate Tables" (1958) and "The Happiest Millionaire" (1967) as Aunt Mary Drexel, singing "There Are Those". Her only stage roles in the 1940s were Mrs. Parrilow in "The Morning Star" in Philadelphia and New York (1942) and Melanie Aspen in "The Indifferent Shepherd" in Britain (1948). She returned to theatre (between films) more often in the 1950s and 1960s, playing in  London and on tour in such roles as Edith Fenton in "The Hat Trick" (1950); Felicity, Countess of Marshwood, in "Relative Values" (1951 and 1953); Grace Smith in "A Question of Fact" (1953); Lady Yarmouth in "The Night of the Ball" (1954); Mrs. St. Maugham in "The Chalk Garden" (1955–56), Dame Mildred in "The Bright One" (1958); Mrs. Vincent in "Look on Tempests" (1960); Mrs. Gantry (Bobby) in "The Bird of Time" (1961); Mrs. Moore in a stage adaptation of "A Passage to India" (1962); Mrs Tabret in "The Sacred Flame" (1966 and 1967); Prue Salter in "Let's All  Go Down the Strand" (1967); Emma Littlewood in "Out of the Question" (1968); Lydia in "His, Hers and Theirs" (1969); and others. She received two nominations for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play, for her roles in "The Chalk Garden" and "A Passage to India". She also had various television roles in the 1950s and '60s. These included, among others, three episodes of "The Twilight Zone". In the first, titled "Nothing in the Dark" (1962), she played an old lady who refuses to leave her flat for fear of meeting 'Death'. A young policeman (Robert Redford) is  shot at her doorstep and persuades her to let him inside. Her second appearance was in "Passage on the Lady Anne", which aired on 9 May 1963. Her final episode was the 1964 "Night Call", where she portrayed a difficult, lonely old lady who is besieged by increasingly alarming late-night phone calls. Cooper starred in the 1964–65 series "The Rogues" with David Niven, Charles Boyer, Gig Young, Robert Coote, John Williams and Larry Hagman. The series lasted a single season of thirty episodes, most of which featured Cooper as the matriarch of an ethical family of con artists who  only prey on criminals. In 1967, at the age of 79, she was appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE). Her last major success on the stage was at age 82, in 1970–71 in the role of Mrs. St. Maugham in Enid Bagnold's "The Chalk Garden", a role she had created on Broadway and in the West End in 1955–56. Her final public appearance was on the 5 May 1971 episode of "The Dick Cavett Show", on which she guested with son-in-law Robert Morley in London. On the day following Cooper's  death, her "Now, Voyager" co-star Bette Davis appeared on "The Dick Cavett Show" and called Cooper "Without a doubt, the most beautiful person as well as actress, and a professional ... never was she late one minute, never didn't she know every line." Private life and final years. Cooper was married three times. Cooper published a self-titled autobiography in 1931. She lived mostly in England in her final years and died from pneumonia in 1971 at the age of 82 in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire.