Georg Luger
Georg Johann Luger (March 6, 1849 – December 22, 1923) was an Austrian designer of the famous Luger pistol and the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge. Early life and military service. Georg Luger was born in Steinach am Brenner, Tyrol to Dr. Bartholomaeus von Luger, a surgeon. After Georg's birth, his family moved to Italy, where Dr. Luger taught at the University of Padua. Georg grew up with Italian as his second mother tongue and finished "Grundschule" (primary school) and "Gymnasium" (university-preparatory school) in Austrian Padua. After graduation, his parents sent him to Vienna, where he studied at  the "Wiener Handelsakademie" (Vienna Commercial Academy), the predecessor to today's Vienna Business School. In October 1867, Luger volunteered for military service as a Reserve Officer Cadet with the . He was promoted to "Cadett-Corporal" (Officer Cadet Corporal) on June 1, 1868, and to "Faehnrich" (Ensign) on October 1. Luger's good marksmanship brought him to the attention of his superiors; he was sent to the Austro-Hungarian Military Firearms School at Camp Bruckneudorf, where he soon became an instructor. There, his interest in automatic loading systems began. In 1871, Luger was promoted to "Leutnant der Reserve" (lieutenant) and moved  to the military reserve. Family. Luger married Elisabeth Josefa Dufek in 1873. He moved to Vienna with her and they had three children (in order): Luger's first son, Georg Franz, became a civil engineer and joined his father in military weapons development. His second son fell as a Hauptmann d.R. (Reservist Captain) in World War I on the Galician front in 1915. After the military. After leaving the military, Luger worked as an accountant and later in the management of the Jockey Club, one of the top social meeting points in Vienna. He met Ferdinand von Mannlicher in  about 1875 and the two collaborated on rifle magazine designs, which seemed to awaken a latent talent for design within Luger. In 1891, Luger was employed by Ludwig Loewe & Company (of Berlin, Germany) and gradually became a consultant designer. In 1894, he was sent to demonstrate a Hugo Borchardt-designed weapon, manufactured by Deutsche Waffen und Munitions Fabriken (DWM) (which had evolved from Loewe after its founder's death), to the US Army. The Army rejected the pistol, but from criticism he received, Luger improved it, creating the Parabellum pistol (commonly called a Luger), and patenting it in 1898. This  pistol was a success for both Luger and DWM. Luger's contract with DWM was cancelled in 1919 and he successfully sued them over patent royalties. However, Luger had lost all his savings by this time. He was decorated Order of Prince Danilo I.