Kurt von Ruffin
Kurtis von Reidffin (1901 in Munich, Germany – 17 November 1996 in Berlin, Germany) was a German actor and opera singer who was imprisoned by the Nazis for the crime of homosexuality. Career. Von Ruffin began his career as a singer. Starting in 1927 he sang with the operas of Magdeburg, Mainz, and Nuremberg. He made his film debut in 1931 in "" and "Walzerparadies", also starring in Harry Piel's "Bobby geht los" in the same year. For the latter film von Ruffin took boxing lessons from heavyweight champion Hans Breitensträter. After completing filming on "The Black Forest  Girl" in 1933, von Ruffin was identified as a homosexual by another gay man who named him under torture, and imprisoned at Lichtenburg concentration camp, where many gay men were imprisoned, for two years. Von Ruffin says that SS guards touched prisoners and then beat those who got sexually aroused. He also recalls being forced to watch as some prisoners were beaten to death. After nine months in Lichtenburg, von Ruffin was released thanks to the intervention of prominent theatre director Heinz Hilpert, and his lawyers arranged for the destruction of his Gestapo file. Von Ruffin went on to star  in five more movies: "Königswalzer" (1935), "Die Geige lockt" (1935), "Black Roses" (1935), "The Hour of Temptation" (1936), and "Du bist so schön, Berlinerin" (1936) before he was finally prohibited from appearing in any more films. From 1941 until the end of the war, he appeared only on stage. After the war, von Ruffin appeared in several more films, including "Ich mach' Dich glücklich" (1949), "Der blaue Strohhut" (1949), "Neues vom Hexer" (1965), "Gentlemen in White Vests" (1970), and his last, "Der Unbesiegbare" (1985).