KRUIS- OF SUIWER TELING – WAT IS DIE BESTE?
Wat is die beste – kruis- of suiwer teling? Soos met die meeste vrae oor teling, is daar nie ‘n eenvoudige antwoord op hierdie vraag nie, aangesien die antwoord afhang van baie faktore. Ons kan egter wel ‘n klompie beginsels en riglyne gee wat gebruik kan word om ‘n ingeligte besluit te neem vir ‘n spesifieke situasie.
Eerstens is dit belangrik om te besef dat kruisteling nie die antwoord is vir lae biologiese- en ekonomiese doeltreffendheid van produksie as gevolg van swak bestuur, swak voeding en/of die gebrek aan streng, doelgerigte, seleksie nie. In baie gevalle word kruisteling nie gebruik om ekonomiese doeltreffendheid te verhoog nie, maar slegs prestasie te handhaaf, as gevolg van die gebruik van swak genetika. Tweedens is dit belangrik om die verskille tussen suiwer- en kruisteling te verstaan. Kom ons kyk kortliks wat die verskille is.
Min of geen benutting van heterose vir verhoging van doeltreffendheid Maksimum benutting van heterose moontlik vir verhoging van doeltreffendheid
Hoë seleksie-intensiteit en teelvordering moontlik Laer seleksie-intensiteit en teelvordering
Seleksie en bemarking makliker a.g.v. ‘n hoë mate van uniformiteit Moeiliker seleksie en bemarking a.g.v. verskillende rastipes/kombinasies
Stelsel is maklik en eenvoudig Stelsel is moeilik en ingewikkeld
Minder bestuursinsette nodig Hoër bestuursinsette nodig
Laag oorerflike eienskappe soos reproduksie, oorlewing, moedereienskappe en langlewendheid kan moeilik verbeter word deur seleksie Laag oorerflike eienskappe soos reproduksie, oorlewing, moedereienskappe en langlewendheid kan relatief maklik verbeter word deur kruisteling
Kan nie vinnig aanpas by veranderde produksiestelsel en markvereistes nie Kan vinniger aanpas by veranderde produksiestelsel en markvereistes
Kleiner gevaar van lamprobleme Groter gevaar van lamprobleme
Groter gevaar van inteling Kleiner gevaar van inteling
DIE VEREISTES VIR ‘N GOEIE KRUISTEELSTELSEL IS:
Die belangrikste (maar ongelukkig die grootste probleem in die meeste gevalle) is dat die stelsel deeglik beplan en doelgerig uitgevoer moet word. Indien daar nie streng gehou word by ‘n beplande stelsel nie, gaan dit binne ‘n paar jaar ontaard in ‘n doellose verbastering met baie probleme, groot frustrasies en min of geen voordele.
Die aankoop van goeie (prestasie-geselekteerde), suiwer ramme. Onthou, ‘n goeie ram is selde te duur, ‘n swak ram is altyd te duur.
Jy kan nie goeie lammers uit swak ouers teel eenvoudig deur te kruis nie. Baie terleurstellings ontstaan deur kruisteëling te verwar met onoordeelkundige verbastering.
Die eind produk moet aangepas wees by die omgewing
Die kruising moet voldoende kos kry om aan sy hoër poetensiaal te kan uitting gee.
Die peil van bestuur moet voldoen aan die vereistes vir hoë produksie.
Teling van eie vervangingsooie
Indien die basiese vereistes van ‘n kruisteelstelsel nie nagekom word nie, kan dieselfde of beter winste verkry word met suiwer teling en doelgerigte seleksie gegrond op prestasietoetsdata en teelwaardes.
DIE MERINO LANDSKAAP SE GROEIVERMOë IS WETENSKAPLIK BEWYS.
Met Fase C groeitoetse is wetenskaplik bewys dat Merino Landskaap se groeivermoë kop en skouers bo die van ander rasse is.
Merino Landskaap 01:04.8 53.4% 01:04.6
Ander Rasse 01:05.2 50.5% 01:05.1
Dink net wat dit vir kruisteling kan beteken…
Die volgende brokkie is ontvang vanaf ‘n kommersiële teler:
Ek boer 15 jaar met skape.Ek het baie verskillende rasse gebruik om die ideale kruislam te teel. Die kombinasie waarmee ek die beste resultate behaal het was om Merino Landskaap ramme op Vleismerino ooie te gebruik. Die lammers was op speenouderdom gemiddeld. 4,5kg swaarder as enige van die ander kruisings. Die uitslag presentasie was ook merkbaar hoër. Vir my is dit duidelik dat basterkrag vrugte afwerp. Die lammers was ook baie lewenskragtig met geboorte en het ek geen lam probleme ondervind nie. Omrede die kruislammers suiwer witwol het kan ek die ooitjies hou as vervangingsooie. Hulle het uitstekende lengte en bouvorm. Daarom is dit beslis die moeite werd om goeie ramme te koop en ook die regte keuse te maak wat betref die ras wat jy gaan gebruik.
CROSS OR PURE BREEDING – WHAT IS THE BEST?
What is the best – cross or pure breeding? As with most questions about breeding, there is no simple answer to this question, as the answer depends on many factors. However, we can provide some principles and guidelines that can be used to make an informed decision for a specific situation.
First, it is important to realize that crossbreeding is not the answer for low biological and economic efficiency of production due to poor management, poor nutrition and / or the lack of strict, targeted selection. In many cases, crossbreeding is not used to increase economic efficiency, but only to maintain performance, due to the use of poor genetics. Secondly, it is important to understand the differences between pure and crossbreeding. Let’s look at what the differences are.
Pure Breeding Crossbreeding
Minor or no use of heterosexuality to increase efficiency Maximum utilization of heterosexuality possible for enhancement of efficacy
High selection intensity and breeding possible Lower selection intensity and breeding
Selection and marketing easier A high degree of uniformity Difficult selection and marketing due to different breeds / combinations
System is easy and simple System is difficult and complicated
Fewer management information required Higher management intentions required
Low hereditary characteristics such as reproduction, survival, maternity and longevity can be difficult to improve by selection Low hereditary properties such as reproduction, survival, maternity and longevity can be relatively easily improved by crossbreeding
Cannot adapt quickly to changed production system and market requirements Adapts faster with changing production systems and market requirements
Lower risk of lamb problems Greater danger of lamb problems
Greater danger of inbreeding Lower risk of inbreeding
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A GOOD CROSSBREEDING-SYSTEM SYSTEM ARE:
The most important (but unfortunately the biggest problem in most cases) is that the system must be thoroughly planned and purposefully implemented. If a planned system is not strictly adhered to, it will degrade within a few years in a goalless degeneration with many problems, big frustrations and few or no benefits. The purchase of good (performance-selected) pure rams. Remember, a good ram is rarely expensive, a poor ram is always too expensive.
You cannot easily cross good lambs from poor parents. Many distortions arise by confusing crossbreeding with injudicious degeneration.
The final product must be adapted to the environment
The crossing must be given enough food to give it more potential.
The level of management must meet the requirements for high production.
Breeding of own replacement ewes If the basic requirements of a crossbreeding system are not met, same or better profits can be obtained with pure breeding and targeted selection based on performance test data and breeding values.
THE MERINO LANDSHEEP’S GROWTH POWER HAS BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN
With Phase C growth tests, it has been scientifically proven that Merino Landsheep’s growth ability is head and shoulders above the other races.
FCR SLAUGHTER % Calculated FCR
Just think what it means in crossbreeding….
The following was received from a commercial breeder:
I farm with sheep for more than 15 years. I used many different breeds to breed the ideal cross lamb. The combination with which I achieved the best results was to use Merino Landsheep rams on Mutton Merino ewes. On average the lambs were 4,5kg heavier than any of the other crossings at weaning age. The slaughter results were also noticeably higher. It is clear that hybrid power casts fruit. The lambs were also very lively with birth and I did not experience any lamb problems. Because the cross lambs have pure white wool, I could keep the young ewes as replacements. They have excellent length and shape. Therefor it is worthwhile to buy good rams and make the right choice as to the breed you are going to use