Shannonbridge
Shannonbridge () is a village located on the River Shannon, at the junction of the R444 and R357 regional roads in County Offaly, Ireland. It lies within the townland of Raghra (), at the borders of counties Offaly, Galway and Roscommon, with the majority of the population living east of the bridge in County Offaly. As of the 2016 census, the village had a population of 175. There are two housing estates within the village. Its location along Ireland's largest river and its proximity to Clonmacnoise have contributed to tourism being a key contributor to the local economy. The village  is flanked by a Special Area of Conservation – the Shannon Callows. The physical environment consists of the River Shannon, callows, boglands and the Esker Riada (a major routeway in the 18th century). The village has one of the oldest bridges still in use over the River Shannon, completed in 1757. The monastic settlement of Clonmacnoise is approximately 7 km upriver. History. Shannonbridge gets its name from the bridge connecting County Offaly and County Roscommon. Rachra is generally considered the old name for Shannonbridge, but 'Shannonbridge' was adopted after the building of the bridge in 1757. The military may have initially  constructed a village, the 'first Shannonbridge', in the vicinity of Temple Duff graveyard just south of the power station. Shannonbridge was fortified by the British in the Napoleonic era. Some of the fortifications, including a fort that now houses a restaurant, are still visible today on the west bank of the river. At Curleys Island between Shannonbridge and Clonmacnoise, there is a legendary ford of Snámh Dá Éan ("swim two birds"). It was here that a proselytising Saint Patrick ostensibly crossed the Shannon into Connacht, and much later the Anglo-Normans considered the ford important enough to be guarded by  one of their campaign forts. Accordingly, they constructed the great Motte of Clonburren on the Roscommon side of the river, within sight of an even then declining early Christian nunnery. In 2019 a group of Romanian nuns established an orthodox monastery, "The Life-Giving Spring - Ard Ciaran", in Shannonbridge. The property "Ard Ciaran" was formerly a prayer and retreat centre run by the Ursuline Order. Economy. The main employers in Shannonbridge are the Electricity Supply Board's new generating station, Bord na Mona which harvests the peat used in the station from the surrounding area and tourism. There is also  a farming community present. The nearby towns of Ballinasloe, County Galway and Athlone, County Westmeath serve as district centres for the village. An Electricity Supply Board peat-fired power station with a capacity of 150 megawatts is located about a kilometre downriver. The peat is supplied from the Blackwater Bog peatlands, managed by Bord na Móna. The power station is to close by the end of 2020. The Clonmacnoise and West Offaly Railway (a narrow gauge railway) is principally used to transport the peat to the power station and also provides passenger tours of the peat lands for visitors. Shannonbridge  Potteries is located just outside the village. Their factory shop has a range of pottery and is open to the public. Local services include two shops, a post office, three pubs, a service restaurant, a fast food restaurant Supermacs, and a butcher. Tourism. Tourists come to Shannonbridge by cruiser on the River Shannon, a short distance from the main street. A tourist office is located at the west end of the main street. The monastic settlement of Clonmacnoise is 7 km upriver and attracts approximately 100,000 visitors per annum. Shannonbridge tennis court was built in 1988 with funds from the  national lottery on land leased from the ESB. The court is located at the eastern end of the village adjacent to St. Kierans Park. Shannonbridge is a popular destination for angling. The River Shannon is Ireland's longest waterway, and as a fishery, has stocks of bream, rudd, rudd/bream hybrids, tench, perch, pike and also stocks of trout, eel and salmon. Angling also takes place in the rivers Suck and Brosna and in the Grand Canal. Lough Ree is 30 km from the town. The Clonmacnoise and West Offaly Railway Bog Tour is a 45-minute train journey giving  a guided 9-km tour across a working environment, a cutaway area of preserved peatlands. About 32,000 visitors go on the tour per annum. The Shannonbridge Pottery is nearby. In August 2009, Ireland's first ever Climate Camp was held in the village, bringing activists from all over the country to a field next to the West Offaly Power Station. For a week they protested against the extraction and burning of peat in the station, on the grounds that it releases large quantities of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. They held workshops on the themes of sustainability and  climate change. Flora and fauna. The River Shannon, which flows through the area, provides a habitat for a number of species of local flora, include types of algae, reeds and grasses. Local fauna include brown hares, foxes, mink and frogs. There are butterflies, dragonflies, beetles and in the Shannon; mussels, snails and leeches. Bird varieties on the Shannon include swans (Bewick's, mute and whooper), moorhens, swallows, terns, ducks and corncrakes. Climatologists, archaeologists and biologists value the areas peatlands and the peat archives in the bogs for research purposes. The Callows is a stretch of the River Shannon at Shannonbridge  that has a shallow gradient which results in seasonal flooding when heavy rain occurs. This has resulted in the formation of callows areas (wet grassland areas) which are rich in flora and fauna and a conservation area which is designated as an (NHA) Natural Heritage Area, (SAC) Special Area of Conservation and (SPA) Special Protection Area. The corn crake, which is rare and is protected nationally, is seen in the Callows area. Ducks, gulls, swans, and breeding waders including the northern lapwing, common redshank, Eurasian curlew and common sandpiper are also recorded within the area. Sport. Shannonbridge Gaelic Athletic Association  club have one Offaly senior football championship title to their name, which they achieved in 1996 by defeating Tullamore. They also won the county intermediate championship in 2019, and progressed onto the Leinster semi-final where they were defeated by Rathgarogue-Cushinstown. Several players from the club have won medals with county teams. For example, John Ryan won an All-Ireland senior hurling medal and a national football league medal in 1998. Players from the club have won three All-Ireland under 21 football medals, Leinster football and hurling medals and Leinster vocational titles and colleges titles. Two players from  the club, Vincent Mooney in 1991 and Anthony Kelly in 1996 were chosen as Offaly 'footballer of the year'.