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Obat Herpes Genital, Obat Herpes Kelamin Di Apotik, Obat Herpes Pada Alat Kelamin Pria, Obat Untuk Dompo Herpes, Obat Herpes Ampuh Cepat Sembuh, Salep Untuk Herpes Issue 1, 2009 Health SA Gesondheid - Volume 14,
Volume 21 (2016) Volume 20 (2015) Volume 19 (2014) Volume 18 (2013) Volume 17 (2011) Volume 16 (2011) Volume 15 (2010) Volume 14 (2009) Volume 13 (2008) Volume 12 (2007) Volume 11 (2006) Volume 10 (2005) Volume 9 (2004) Volume 8 (2003) Volume 7 (2002) Volume 6 (2001) Volume 5 (2000) Volume 14,
A qualitative investigation of South African cigarette smokers&apos; perceptions of fear appeal messages in anti-smoking advertising : original research
Lauren M. De Bruin,
Nafisa Cassimjee and
Health SA Gesondheid 14, pp 1 –7 (2009)
Cigarette smoking continues to pose a global health risk, including in developing countries. Fear appeal messages have been widely employed in health communication to reduce cigarette smoking, but studies provide conflicting results on their efficacy. The present qualitative study explores smokers&apos; perceptions of fear appeal messages used in anti-smoking advertising. Focus group discussions were conducted with male and female smokers from Gauteng. A thematic analysis found that participants negatively viewed advertisements that use unrealistic images and failed to relate to the message portrayed. Information about the risks associated with smoking was perceived as patronising and as positioning smokers as ignorant and unintelligent. In addition, fear appeal messages that only focus on long-term consequences of smoking were perceived as ineffective. Participants failed to identify with content that solely relied on factual information at the expense of an emotive appeal. The findings suggest that anti-smoking communication could benefit from content that evokes shock without sacrificing realism, that it should include information about short-term and immediately visible consequences of smoking and that it should avoid negative depictions of smokers that alienate them from the message being portrayed.
Sigaretrook dra steeds &apos;n wêreldwye gesondheidsrisiko, met inbegrip van in ontwikkelende lande. Vrees-oproepende boodskappe word algemeen in gesondheidskommunikasie gebruik om rookgedrag te verminder, maar studies toon teenstrydige resultate rakende die doeltreffendheid daarvan. Die huidige kwalitatiewe studie ondersoek rokers se persepsies van vrees-oproepende boodskappe soos in antirook-advertensies gebruik. Fokusgroepbesprekings is met manlike en vroulike rokers in Gauteng gehou. &apos;n Tematiese ontleding het gevind dat deelnemers advertensies wat onrealistiese beelde gebruik, negatief beskou en dat hulle nie met die boodskap identifiseer nie. Inligting oor die risiko&apos;s geassosieer met rook is as neerbuigend gesien en dat dit rokers as onkundig en onintelligent voorstel. Verder is gevind dat vrees-oproepende boodskappe wat slegs op langtermyngevolge van rook fokus ondoeltreffend beskou word. Deelnemers het nie met inhoud geïdentifiseer wat slegs op feitlike inligting steun ten koste van &apos;n emotiewe beroep nie. Die bevindinge stel voor dat antirook-kommunikasie uit inhoud kan baat wat skok uitlok, sonder om realisme prys te gee. Inhoud moet oor inligting van korttermyn- en onmiddellik sigbare gevolge van rook beskik en negatiewe uitbeeldings wat rokers van die boodskap distansieer, moet vermy word.
Using subjective judgement to determine the validity of a tutorial performance-evaluation instrument : original research
Judith C. Bruce and
Melanie L. Lack
Health SA Gesondheid 14, pp 1 –6 (2009)
Evaluating students&apos; learning performance is dependent on assessment criteria from which valid inferences can be made about student learning. An existing 36-item instrument used to evaluate baccalaureate nursing students&apos; performance in problem-based learning tutorials was presented to experts in nursing for their subjective judgement of item validity. Quantitative analysis of data sets from experts&apos; judgements was used to construct a valid measurement scale for evaluating students&apos; tutorial performance. The objectives of the study were to determine the content validity of items in a tutorial performance-evaluation (TPE) instrument and to determine the construct validity of items through paired comparison of main and sub-items in the instrument. Academic experts (n = 8) from two South African universities were selected by means of purposive, maximum variation sampling. Data were collected in three rounds of the Delphi technique, which incorporated the Subjective Judgement Model for paired comparison of instrument items. Experts&apos; ratings were captured on a visual analogue scale for each item. Relative item weights were determined using paired comparisons. Statistical analysis resulted in ratio scale data, each item being assigned a ratio relative to its weight. It was concluded that quantitative analysis of subjective judgements is useful to determine the construct validity of items through paired comparison of items in a TPE instrument. This article presents the methodological perspectives of subjective judgement to establish instrument validity.
Die evaluering van studente se leervermoë is afhanklik van die waardebepalingskriteria waarvan geldige afleidings betreffende die student se leerervaring gemaak kan word. &apos;n Bestaande instrument met 36 items waarmee baccalaureus-verpleegkundestudente se prestasie in die probleemgebaseerde leertutoriale geëvalueer is, is aan kundiges in verpleegkunde gegee vir subjektiewe beoordeling van die geldigheid van die items. &apos;n Geldige meetinstrument vir die evaluering van studente se tutoriale prestasie is ontwerp deur van die kwantitatiewe ontleding van die datastelle op grond van die kundiges se oordeel gebruik te maak. Die doelwitte van die studie was om die inhoudsgeldigheid van items in &apos;n evalueringsinstrument van tutoriale prestasie te bepaal en om die konstrukgeldigheid van items te bepaal deur die gepaarde vergelyking van hoof- en sub-items in die instrument. Akademiese kundiges (n = 8) van twee Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite is deur middel van doelgerigte, maksimale variasie-steekproeftrekking geselekteer. Data is deur middel van drie rondtes van die Delphi-tegniek ingesamel, wat die subjektiewe oordeelmodel vir gepaarde vergelyking van die instrumentitems ingesluit het. Die kundiges se beoordeling is op &apos;n visueleanaloë-skaal vir elke item weergegee. Relatiewe itemgewigte is deur middel van gepaarde vergelyking bepaal. Statistiese ontleding het verhoudingskaaldata tot gevolg gehad, en elke item is van &apos;n verhouding relatief tot die gewig voorsien. Daar is bevind dat kwantitatiewe ontleding van subjektiewe beoordeling bruikbaar is om die geldigheid van &apos;n konstruk deur gepaarde vergelyking van items in &apos;n evalueringsinstrument van tutoriale prestasie te bepaal. Hierdie artikel bied die metodologiese perspektiewe van die subjektiewe beoordeling aan om die geldigheid van die instrument te bepaal.
Weighting of items in a tutorial performance evaluation instrument : statistical analysis and results : original research
Melanie L. Lack,
Health SA Gesondheid 14, pp 1 –5 (2009)
Weighting of items in an evaluation instrument contributes to more meaningful and valid interpretations of student performance in respect of each learning outcome or item being assessed. It follows that the validity of instruments is important for meaningful inferences about students&apos; learning performance, including their performance in tutorial groups. The Delphi technique was used to elicit experts&apos; subjective judgement of the content validity of items in the tutorial performance evaluation instrument in rounds one and two. A sample of eight experts (n = 8) was selected by purposive, maximum variation sampling. In round three Delphi a weighted score was determined for each of the instrument items, subitems and Likert scale points through pairwise comparison by the experts. Mathematical modelling of experts&apos; weighting comparisons, recorded on visual analogue scales, resulted in proportional weights for each item; these weights are expressed as a percentage. The final instrument comprised weighted items measured on a rating scale with points that are not equidistant. A computerised tutorial performance evaluator (TPE) was developed for accurate, economical and efficient calculation of student scores. The purpose of this article is to report on the statistical analysis and results of the weighting of items in an instrument to assess and evaluate baccalaureate nursing students&apos; performance in problem-based learning tutorials.
Die waardebepaling van items in &apos;n evalueringsinstrument dra by tot &apos;n meer betekenisvolle en geldige interpretasie van studente se vermoë ten opsigte van elke leeruitkoms of item wat geassesseer word. Hieruit volg dit dat die geldigheid van instrumente belangrik is vir betekenisvolle afleidings betreffende studente se leervermoë, insluitend hulle prestasie in leergroepe. Die Delphi-tegniek is gebruik in rondtes een en twee om kundiges se subjektiewe oordeel oor die inhoudsgeldigheid van items in die leergroepgedragsevalueringsinstrument te bekom. &apos;n Steekproef van agt kundiges (n = 8) is deur doelgerigte, maksimale-variasiesteekproeftrekking gekies. Die kundiges het in rondte drie van die Delphi-tegniektoepassing deur middel van gepaarde vergelyking &apos;n waarde bepaal vir elk van die instrumentitems, sub-items en Likertskaalpunte. Die wiskundige modellering van kundiges se waardebepalingsvergelykings, aangeteken op visuele analogiese skale, het proporsionele gewigte vir elke item tot gevolg gehad. Hierdie gewigte word persentasiegewys voorgestel. Die finale instrument het bestaan uit items wat gemeet word teen &apos;n graderingskaal met punte wat nie op &apos;n gelyke afstand van mekaar is nie. &apos;n Rekenaargebaseerde leergroepgedragsevalueringsinstrument is ontwikkel vir die akkurate, ekonomiese en doeltreffende berekening van studente se punte. Die doel van die artikel is om verslag te lewer oor die statistiese analise en resultate van die waardebepaling van items in &apos;n instrument om baccalaureate-verpleegkundestudente se prestasie in probleemgebaseerde leergroepe te meet en te evalueer.
Upcoming research articles in Health SA Gesondheid : editorial
Health SA Gesondheid 14 (2009)
A range of articles covering a variety of most relevant topics in multi-disciplinary healthcare, in which a wide spectrum of research methodologies have been used, are presented in this volume that may contribute to the delivery of high-quality healthcare in both well- and poor-resourced facilities and communities.