Kurt Mandelbaum
Kurt Mandelbaum (13 November 1904 – 28 September 1995) was a German-British economist well known for his pioneering contribution in the field of the economics of development. Kurt Mandelbaum (also known as Kurt Martin) was one of a group of emigre economists from Central Europe who played a large role in founding the discipline of development economics in the UK, during and shortly after World War II. In general these economists doubted the usefulness of neoclassical economics with its presumptions of smoothly operating markets and saw the role of the state as being key to the development process . The industrialization debates in the USSR in the 1920s were their starting point. In his youth Mandelbaum was involved with leftist politics and had several years at the Frankfurt School for Social Research. During the war worked with allied intelligence and subsequently joined the Oxford Institute of Statistics. Whilst at Oxford he undertook his study of the problems of recovery in S.E. Europe. This small book which was to become one of core texts for the new discipline, stressed In 1950 he moved to Manchester and with his colleague W. Arthur Lewis helped establish the Department of Economics at the  University of Manchester as a major centre in Development Economics research and teaching. After retiring from Manchester he worked for a further seventeen years at the Institute of Social Studies at The Hague.