Moshchiny culture
The Moshchiny culture () was an archaeological culture of the Iron Age from the 4th to the 7th century in present-day western Russia. It is the easternmost known Baltic culture. Distribution area. The settlement area was located in the forest areas at the upper Dnepr and the upper Oka in today's Russian Oblast Kaluga, Tula, Oryol and Smolensk. It is named after a settlement near the village " Moshchiny " () in the Mosalsky District in the Kaluga Oblast. Genesis. The Moshchiny culture emerged in the 4th century from the "", with influences from Zarubintsy culture due to immigration. Moshchiny culture  is related to the . Material culture. Agriculture and livestock were nutritional basis. The settlements were mostly fortified. The ceramic had a smooth surface with bronze ornaments. It was hand-molded. Bronze and iron processing were highly developed. Mortuary fire was buried in burial mounds. Cultural changes. For the period from the 9th century, the possibly Baltic-Slavic origin of the Vyatichi is mentioned in the western part of the area. For the 11th century on the Oka the probably Baltic tribe of Galindians (in particular " Eastern Galindians ").