Skoptic syndrome
Skoptic syndrome is a condition in which a person is preoccupied with or engages in genital self-mutilation, such as castration, penectomy or clitoridectomy. The definition of skoptic syndrome is a gender dysphoria found under the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM) IV. Description. The definition of skoptic syndrome is a gender dysphoria found under the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM) IV section 302.6: "Gender Identity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified". Skoptic syndrome can sometimes be motivated by intense sexual guilt, in which the genitals become identified as the source of the guilt-inducing  sexual desire. This leads to desire for removal of or damage to the genitals. There is also evidence that voluntary castration is used in modern societies for reasons such as control of libido, body modification and, in some cases of extreme sexual masochism, for purposes of sexual excitement (see paraphilia and apotemnophilia). The body dysmorphic disorder or dysmorphophobia characterized by desire to be a eunuch is called "skoptic syndrome", named after the Skoptzy sect. However it is not in DSM-5, and it is virtually unknown in psychological literature. The term, along with gender identity disorder (GID), can and is also  used to imply "minority mainstream view/practices" without negatively implying dysfunction or "wrongness", nor is it applicable to all people with a desire for castration, due to the highly diverse nature of reasons for volunteer castration. Castration has a history, up to the modern age, of therapeutic use. According to Victor T. Cheney, in his "Castration: Advantages and Disadvantages", castration has been documented to effectively reduce symptoms in people with schizophrenia, psychosis, violent behaviors, paraphilias, mania, overactive libido, baldness, sleep apnea and prostate disorders (all things that are exacerbated by testosterone, as well as reducing the incidence of various sexually  transmitted diseases, by means of eliminated or reduced sexual activity. Some men seek relief from physical or psychological problems, while others derive sexual excitement from the idea of being castrated or otherwise having their genitals mutilated, usually by another person (see masochism and paraphilia). This desire is still present in modern populations, as evidenced in the large membership in message boards on the Internet related to the topic. There has been frequent news coverage of incidents of self-castration and underground networks of people without medical licenses performing castrations, because this condition is not medically recognized. According to a June  12, 2002 article in the "Detroit Free Press", "Self-castrations tend to be more common than leaving the job to someone else," said Dr. Dana Ohl, a urologist at the University of Michigan Medical Center who has operated on those who have botched amateur castrations. "Usually, when these people just chop their own testicles off, they don't pay attention to the blood supply," he said.