Tom Tunnecliffe
Thomas Tunnecliffe (13 July 1869 – 2 February 1948) was an Australian politician. Representing the Australian Labor Party, he was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the electorates of West Melbourne (1903–1904), Eaglehawk (1907–1920) and Collingwood (1921–1947). Tunnecliffe was a bootmaker by trade, and became president of the Victorian Operative Bootmakers' Union in the 1880s. He was heavily involved in a number of radical political organisations around the turn of the century, including the Victorian Socialist League. He also served as president of the Victorian Trades Hall Council and the Eight Hours Committee. In 1903, representing the  Labor Party, he won a by-election for the Legislative Assembly seat of West Melbourne. However, the electorate was abolished six months later following a redistribution, and Tunnecliffe did not return to the Victorian parliament until 1907, when he won the seat of Eaglehawk in the Bendigo region. After his defeat in 1920 by the Country Party candidate, Albert Dunstan, Tunnecliffe went back to Melbourne and was elected to the Assembly in 1921 as the member for Collingwood, a seat he held for the next 26 years. In 1924, he served as Chief Secretary in the brief Labor ministry of  George Prendergast, and was elected by his parliamentary colleagues as deputy leader in 1926. When the Hogan Labor government came to power a year later, Tunnecliffe was appointed Minister for Railways and Electrical Undertakings. In the second Hogan ministry, formed after the 1929 state election, he was once again made Chief Secretary. In February 1932, at the height of the Great Depression, Premier Hogan travelled to London to talk to the banks about Victoria's desperate economic plight. While he was away, Tunnecliffe was acting Premier, and was much more willing than Hogan to reject the Premiers' Plan, which demanded  stringent reductions in government spending. As a result, the Country Party withdrew its support from the minority Labor government and, in April, the government was defeated in a confidence vote. Tunnecliffe, as acting leader, led the Labor campaign in the May 1932 state election, now completely rejecting the Premiers' Plan, which was the main issue at the election. The Labor Party Executive expelled everyone who had supported the Plan, including Hogan, although Labor did not run a candidate against him. Tunnecliffe was elected leader of the party. At the election, the newly-formed United Australia Party (UAP) won 31 seats  to Labor's 16 and the reunited Country Party's 14. Hogan and one of his ex-ministers were elected as "Premiers' Plan Labor" candidates. The UAP leader, Stanley Argyle, became Premier of Victoria. Tunnecliffe was Opposition leader until the 1935 state election, when Labor won only 17 seats and finished with third-party status, thereby not even qualifying as the official Opposition. Due to the weighting of country votes, the United Country Party polled only 13.7% of the popular vote and won 20 seats, whereas Labor's 37.9% only garnered it 17 seats. Tunnecliffe was a close friend of  the businessman and gambling boss John Wren. In the view of some, Tunnecliffe was under Wren's control. Wren was also very close to Albert Dunstan, who was now the leader of the United Country Party. It has been claimed that, due to Wren's influence, Labor supported Dunstan's minority government from 1935 until 1943. Following the 1937 state election, Tunnecliffe was succeeded as leader of the Labor Party in Victoria by John Cain, Snr. Tunnecliffe was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 1937 to 1940, and continued as the member for Collingwood until July 1947, when he resigned  due to ill-health. He died six months later.