Out of Control (Kelly book)
Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World () is a 1992 book by Kevin Kelly. Major themes in "Out of Control" are cybernetics, emergence, self-organization, complex systems, negentropy and chaos theory and it can be seen as a work of techno-utopianism. Summary. The central theme of the book is that several fields of contemporary science and philosophy point in the same direction: intelligence is not organized in a centralized structure but much more like a bee-hive of small simple components. Kelly applies this view to bureaucratic  organizations, intelligent computers as well as to the human brain. Reception. The book was not widely reviewed when first released in 1992, but got visibly reviewed and extensively cited during the next several years. Reviews often discussed Kelly's hive-mind analogy as a metaphor for the New Economy. Reviewers have called this book a "mind-expanding exploration" ("Publishers Weekly") and "the best of an important new genre" ("Forbes ASAP"). Critics of the book have contended that its position leaves us without a critical approach to politics and social power.