Thinks ...
Thinks ... is a 2001 novel by British author David Lodge. Place and time. The novel is exclusively set at the (entirely fictitious [cf. "Author's Note"]) University of Gloucester, based loosely on the University of York thanks to the author's brief residence there. (Its Cognitive Science and Creative Writing departments also bear uncanny resemblances to those of the universities of Sussex and East Anglia respectively.) Its action takes place in the spring term of 1997 (during the time of Tony Blair's landslide victory). Main characters. Helen Reed. Helen Reed, an English novelist in her early forties with  two children old enough to look after themselves, arrives on campus to spend the term there as "writer-in-residence" and to teach a creative writing class – actually sitting in for a professor who is spending the term abroad to write a novel. Helen is going through a crisis in her life, after the sudden death of her husband Martin a bit more than a year ago. Martin Reed worked for the BBC researching material for documentaries. One night, out of the blue, he developed a brain aneurysm, went into a coma and died the next day. Still grieving over  the death of her beloved husband, Helen thinks a change of scenery might be a good idea to get over her loss. The moment she sees the campus and the accommodation that has been provided for her, it occurs to her that she might as well turn on her heel and go back to their beautifully restored old house in London. As she has rented it for the duration of the term to a couple visiting from the United States. She finally brings herself to stay on and face the challenge: She has never finished her D.Phil. thesis on point  of view in Henry James and her teaching experience so far has been limited to some night class on creative writing full of bored housewives. Ralph Messenger. Apart from the English Department, she is intrigued by the department of Cognitive Science and by its head, 50-year-old Ralph Messenger, to whom she is introduced at a social function very soon during her stay. Helen feels curiously attracted by Messenger but she soon learns about his reputation as a womaniser. Helen has not had sex since her husband's death and due to her Catholic upbringing, which she has been  unable and to a lesser degree is also unwilling to cast off, she tries to thrust aside any thoughts concerning an illicit affair or a one-night stand with Messenger, who is married with four children. She meets his wife Carrie, an American coming from a rich background and their children – Emily, her 17-year-old daughter by her first marriage; Simon and Mark, two teenage boys and 8-year-old Hope, a girl. The Messengers live in a beautiful house near the University but they also have a country retreat in the Cotswolds (quite close to Gloucester) called 'Horseshoes ', where they have a large redwood hot tub in their back garden. Before long Helen is invited to join them for a Sunday in the country, and she gladly accepts to avoid another dreary and empty weekend. Plot. Right from the start, Ralph Messenger's philandering is painfully obvious to Helen. At one of the first social gatherings she attends, she happens to see Messenger and the wife of the Head of the School of English, Marianne Richmond, kissing passionately in the kitchen. (She does not know that there is not more to it than meets the eye, that they  are just playing some sort of secret game.) One weekend quite early during her stay, after they have been in the hot tub outside and with Carrie already in the house, Messenger plants a firm kiss on Helen's lips. From the secret journal he is keeping, we know that Messenger fancies her. Helen does not actually resist the kiss but afterwards she tells him unmistakably that she is not going to have an affair with him because, among other things, she strongly disapproves of adultery. From Helen's journal, we learn that she is sexually aroused by his presence  and by just thinking of him. Messenger, who does not know anything about Helen's real feelings, thinks that he has made his pass at her prematurely and by doing so, has spoiled any liaison with her. Helen tries to focus on her work. The students she has to teach are a small, friendly and ambitious group who meet on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons. Her class is to a large extent about their work in progress, mainly novels which they started during the preceding term. When Sandra Pickering, one of the students, belatedly submits some chapters from the novel she  is writing, Helen immediately recognises one of the male characters as having been modelled on her late husband Martin. As Helen has based a character in her novel "The Eye of the Storm" on Martin, she is about to accuse Sandra Pickering of plagiarism when, to her dismay, she finds out that the girl used to work for the BBC some years ago, that she knew Martin and that she had an affair with him. (Sandra writes about intimate details such as what he preferred doing immediately after sex.) Gradually it dawns upon Helen that her husband must have had  a succession of young lovers, with everyone except herself knowing everything, or at least suspecting, while she, only mildly promiscuous during her student days, was never unfaithful to him. At this point Helen decides never again to shed a tear for him and get on with her life. In this new light, not even Messenger's advances seem so monstrous any more. She makes another discovery which almost turns her view of the world upside down. On a free afternoon, she escapes the stifling atmosphere of the campus to explore the surrounding countryside. Seated over lunch in a pub in  the small town of Ledbury, an embarrassing encounter at the pub follows, with all three of them keeping up appearances and being polite and reserved. Later, however, during a duck race (a fund-raising event with plastic ducks "racing" down a small river), Carrie confides in Helen: She knows all (or almost everything) about her husband's flings and, by taking a lover herself, tries to get back at him. Ralph Messenger, she is quite sure, does not know anything about her affair. Also, Carrie tells her that she screwed around a lot while she was studying at UC Berkeley  but only with faculty, never with other students. Back home in the US, Mr Thurlow, Carrie's rich father, has two serious heart attacks in a row so that Carrie books the first flight home. She takes Hope with her. With Carrie out of the way for some time – in the end it turns out to be three weeks – Helen, who has recently let herself be seduced by Messenger, spends the most beautiful and romantic – or rather lustful – three weeks since her husband's death. In the language of the kind of novels she loves reading, she describes herself as  having become "a woman of pleasure, a scarlet woman, a woman of easy virtue". She and Messenger have sex practically every day and at all kinds of places. Helen, who prefers a bedroom with the curtains drawn, is amazed at, and eventually fascinated by, Messenger's lust and ingenuity when it comes to selecting odd spots for making love, for instance a prehistoric burial mound on top of a hill, with some hikers approaching. Helen also volunteers to perform the duties of a housewife for Carrie and then stays over at the Messengers' house. At night, she and Ralph Messenger  derive some additional pleasure from trying not to make any sound during their lovemaking so as not to arouse the kids' suspicion. (Emily, who has an 18-year-old boyfriend and who discusses her sex life with her mother, seems to know what is going on anyway and at one point almost blackmails her stepfather.) Soon Helen ponders the question whether she is actually falling in love with him, if and how their affair will continue after the end of the term. Only once, when they are in bed together, can he not get an erection. A final breach of  confidence committed by Ralph Messenger makes it much easier for Helen to leave him and go back to London. Also, for the first time, it inadvertently triggers some emotion in Messenger, albeit jealousy. When he is waiting for Helen in her maisonette, he cannot resist the temptation to turn on her laptop and read parts of her journal. This is how he learns about his wife's infidelity. When Helen enters her apartment, his jealousy gets the better of him so that he cannot hide the fact that he has invaded her privacy. (Originally, he suggested that they  should exchange their respective journals, as each of them would profit from reading the other's but Helen refused.) Ralph Messenger does have to be operated on after all, but the surgery is successful. He somewhat ages and loses his reputation as a woman-chaser. In 1999, he publishes a new book entitled "Machine Living" and in due course is awarded a CBE. He never confronts Carrie with her affair and remains married to her. Helen Reed returns to London and resumes writing. Some time later she meets a new partner but she does not move in with him (or  he with her). In the following year she publishes "Crying is a Puzzler", a novel about life on campus quite similar to that of the University of Gloucester. Commentary. Similar to, for example, Julian Barnes' "England, England" (1998), "Thinks ..." is a highly philosophical text full of food for thought. The intellectual discussion in the novel centres around the question of consciousness. The detailed views of consciousness that Ralph Messenger puts forth, while some are controversial, will be familiar to the contemporary cognitive scientist. On becoming acquainted with Messenger, Helen Reed, who holds the traditional – and seemingly almost old-fashioned – views  that consciousness is the business of the humanities, in particular of the novel and of literary criticism; and that there is and should be a clear-cut Cartesian dualism between mind and body, this Helen Reed is confronted by the new (or even not-so-new) trend of considering the mind a mere function of the body. Characteristically, Helen's residual knowledge of, and belief in, Roman Catholicism prevents her from taking a real plunge into Messenger's world of values, where science is the universal problem-solver and where religion and also politics are considered as a curse to  humankind. It obviously depends completely whose side you are on whether you consider attempts by renowned scientists at constructing robots as a complete waste of time or as paving the way for a better future society. Morality, especially conventional morals, have no place in this new view of the world and have long been discarded; sex has been reconsidered as having mainly recreational value. (At one point Messenger mentions the new principle: T.F.T. — Tit for Tat.) Charles Darwin is still believed to be the trigger of this trend that, advocates of this theory hope, will revolutionise future societies. As far  as David Lodge's narrative is concerned, quite a number of elements prevalent in his earlier novels can again be identified: Helen's Catholic upbringing, with her parents still believers in the Catholic faith (reminiscent of "The British Museum Is Falling Down" and "How Far Can You Go?"); the campus novel, with a lot of intellectual discussion and a lot of sex going on (in particular "Changing Places"); pastiche (the narrative technique itself and, in particular, the essays written by Helen Reed's students on "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?"). He also reintroduces one character from an  earlier novel: Robyn Penrose appears in "Nice Work" (1988) as Dr Robyn Penrose, temporary Lecturer in English. Now she is Professor Robyn Penrose, Head of Communications and Cultural Studies at Walsall University, and gives a lecture on "Interrogating the Subject". The novel deals with its theme of self-reflection also on the level of narratology in that its main topic of mindreading is presented by an omniscient narrator; a minor ironic twist consists of the novel-within-a-novel motif with the fictitious novelist Helen Reed pondering about the old-fashioned genre of the epistolary novel while her thoughts are  presented the very form of letters/emails.