Sebastapistes cyanostigma
Sebastapistes cyanostigma, the yellowspotted scorpionfish, "coral scorpionfish or pink and yellow scorpionfish"', is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. It is found in the Indo-Pacific. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to 10 cm in length. Taxonomy. "Sebastapistes cyanostigma" was first formally described in 1856 as "Scorpaena cyanostigma" by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker with the type locality given as Kajeli on Buru, one of the Molucca Islands in Indonesia. The specific name "cyanostigma" is a compound of "cyano", which means  blue, and "stigma", meaning "mark" or "spot", an allusion to the pearly or light-blue spots on the body. Description. "Sebastapistes cyanostigma" has 12 spines and 9 or 10 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 3 spines and 5 or 6 soft rays in the anal fin. The maximum published standard length of . although is more typical for this small scorpionfish. The overall colour is pinkish to reddish with numerous very small whitish spots and large yellow blotches with yellowish fins. Distribution and habitat. "Sebastapistes cyanostigma" has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution, from the Red Sea and the eastern  coast of Africa as far south as South Africa east thrugh the coasts and islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans as far east as Tonga, north to southern Japan and south to northern Australia. In Australian waters it is found at the offshore reefs of north Western Australia, Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea, and the far north of the Great Barrier Reef and other reefs in the Coral Sea as far south as North Stradbroke Island in Queensland, as well as at Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. It is found in shallow waters at depths between  on reef crests with rich growths of coral in surge areas. Biology. "Sebastapistes cyanostigma" is a nocturnal ambush predator. In the day they hide mostly within the heads of corals in the genus "Pocillopora", emerging at night to place themselves in a suitable site from which to ambush passing prey. They are frequently encountered in pairs or as small groups with the individual fish being separated by . They feed on small fishes, crustaceans and zooplanktonic making short darts forward to capture prey and rarely leave the shelter of the reef to avoid predation. They are probably oviparous, like other closely  related scorpionfishes, with the females releasing the internally fertilised egg which float near the surface. The observations of small groups in the Spring may be a mating behaviour. It van also be found around fire corals in the genera "Millepora" and "Stylophora". The species has venomous fin spines. The prey is engulfed in the relatively large mouth. Utilisation. "Sebastapistes cyanostigma" is rare in the aquarium trade.