Joint Forces Command, Malaysia
The Joint Forces Headquarters (Abbr.: JFHQ, , Jawi: "مركس اڠكتن برسام") is a joint military command which specifically formed to command all tasks of the Malaysian Armed Forces joint operations. The Joint Operations are other operations performed by at least three services such as Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Air Force. The JFHQ which currently led by Lieutenant General Dato’ Haji Yazid bin Haji Arshad as the Joint Force Commander () is responsible for planning and implementing all the joint and combined operations, joint exercises and Multi-National Operations, such as the United Nations  (UN) peacekeeping missions. The JFHQ as like any other joint forces adopts the assigned concept. History. Establishment of JFHQ. The history of the JFHQ began when the proposal for its establishment was approved on 20 April 2004. JFHQ was launched by Najib Razak, the then-Deputy Prime Minister cum Minister of Defence, on 6 September 2004 and is designed to meet the needs of the establishment of a Joint Force Headquarters. At that time, the Chief of Staff of Malaysian Armed Forces Headquarters, Vice Admiral Dato’ Ramlan Mohamed Ali, was appointed as the JFHQ Commander from 6 September 2004 on  an ad hoc basis. The Chief of MAF Staff, Lieutenant General Datuk Hj Shahron Hj Ibrahim RMAF then appointed the JFHQ Commander post effectively from 1 December 2006. After the JFHQ organisation was officially established, Major General Dato' Allatif Mohd Noor took over the command of the JFHQ. With a total strength of 312 officers and personnel, this command has been carrying out the tasks entrusted by the Jointness concept which is three services is designed to perform its functions more effectively in assisting the Chief of Defence Forces in terms of governance and control operations at the highest levels  of Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF). The JFHQ serves as the operational level of command responsible for planning and implementing all the joint operation, which is likely to be a potentially joint, the combined operation and such multinational security operations under the charter of the Organisation of the United Nations (UN). In addition, the headquarters is also responsible for implementing all the Joint Training/Exercise. Other than managing current operations, JFHQ is also responsible to give input on the preparation for future capability development. In fulfilling that need, one current challenge that has to be taken into account is a budgetary  constraint. For that, JFHQ is focused on the concept of “fit for the purpose” or enabling a capability that fulfils the true requirement as well as a balanced capability development that also takes into account the aspect of interoperability. This is to make sure that any capability developed in the future contribute to the effective execution of the operation and the limited budget can be spent in the most optimal manner. Other than managing current operations, JFHQ is also responsible to give input on the preparation for future capability development. In fulfilling that need, one current challenge that has to  be taken into account is a budgetary constraint. For that, JFHQ is focused on the concept of “fit for the purpose” or enabling a capability that fulfils the true requirement as well as a balanced capability development that also takes into account the aspect of interoperability. This is to make sure that any capability developed in the future contribute to the effective execution of the operation and the limited budget can be spent in the most optimal manner. Timeline. 20 April 2004 – Its establishment was approved by the Malaysian Armed Forces Council during the council's 340th meeting. 6 September  2004 – The JFHQ was launched by the Deputy Prime Minister cum Minister of Defence, Najib Razak. 16 July 2007 – Officially established after has been approved by the Public Service Department. 19 July 2012 – The JFHQ has been recognised by the UN. 25 June 2019 – The HQ for JFHQ was relocated from the Wisma Pertahanan, Kuala Lumpur to a newly built facility, the JFHQ Complex, located at Sungai Panching Camp in Kuantan, Pahang. Roles. The role of JFHQ as an Operational Level Command is responsible for planning and executing all the Joint Operation, which is likely to be a potentially joint  operation, the combined operation, integrated operations and multinationals such as operations under the UN Charter. Organizational structure. The JFHQ is led by Joint Forces Commander and supported by Joint Forces Chief-of-Staff. Under them, there is eight main divisions. Joint Force Commander. Also known as the Chief of Joint Forces, and Panglima Angkatan Bersama (PAB) in the Malay Language, the PAB is in charge of the entire forces and directly report to the minister of defence and Chief of Defence Forces. The PAB is a three-star rank selected between all three branches of Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF). Joint  Force Chief-of-Staff. Known as Ketua Staf Angkatan Bersama (KS MK AB) in the Malay Language, the KS MK AB is a two-star rank selected between all three branches of MAF. J1 – Human Resources Division. This division is tasked to manage the joint force personnel, the members' distribution and management in terms of individual aspects including discipline, morale, welfare, religion and legislation in a time of war or peace for the 'assigned forces' attached to the Joint Forces Command. The J1 is led by a senior officer with the rank of Colonel for the army and air forces  or Captain for the navy. The division is in charge of three departments: J2 – Intelligence Division. This division is tasked to perform intelligence operations in time of peace and war, and to invent or create products used for intelligence activities in order to satisfy the Joint Force needs. This division is responsible to regularly report the daily intelligence to the Defence Operation Centre (). Led by a senior officer with the rank of Colonel or its navy equivalent, this division is also tasked to conduct talks about intelligence awareness and performing physical patrol in sensitive Joint Force premises to avoid any  possible leakage. The J2 is responsible to perform intelligence exchange between foreign intelligence agencies and also other Malaysian government agencies. The J2 is a part of Sabah multiple government agencies joint intelligence – the Joint Intelligence Working Group (JIWG). The division is in charge of these departments: J3 – Joint Operation Division. One of the largest division in the JFHQ. This division is led by a two-star rank and assisted by a one-star rank. The J3 is composed of four cells: Cell A – Domestic Operations. In charge of monitoring all Malaysian Armed Forces (MAF) domestic, joint, combined and integrated operations . This cell also monitors all standalone operations conducted by any branches of MAF. Cell B – Global Operations. In charge of making the assessment for MAF involvements in United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping Operations in terms of UN Military Observer, UN Battalion, UN HQ Staff and UN Technical Staff. This cell offering to any MAF personnel to be a Military Observer Officer, or as a Liaison Officer in the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UNDPKO) in New York, or any operations by the UN. Joint Exercise Department. In charge of conducting any joint and combined exercise between the Malaysian Armed Forces  and foreign military forces. This cell is responsible for planning, coordinate and adjust all Exercise Planning Meetings () and act as a secretariat to the joint and combined exercise. Cell D – Special Forces Operations. In charge of planning, coordinate, execute and monitor all special operations involving two or more branches of the MAF. Cell D also in charge of uniting and coordinating all MAF needs in special operations. J4 – Logistic Support Division. This division is led by a one-star rank. The J4 is composed of four departments: Logistic Planning Department In charge of providing logistic supports for joint/combined operation  and exercise within the country or overseas between the MAF and foreign military forces. Materials Support Department In charge of providing and coordinate in terms of logistic support aspects of the joint/combined forces. This department also acts as a coordinator in supplying logistic demands to the 'assigned forces' that involved in joint/combined operations and exercise in terms of raise, train and maintain their personnel. Transportation Department In charge of planning and managing transportation and mobility sources for joint/combined operations and exercise that involves JFHQ either from the MAF, private or foreign source. This department also tasked as  coordinator for all types of transportation either air, land or sea for joint, combined and multinational operations/exercises within the country or overseas. Financial Department In charge of obtaining the budget and processing all financial requirements involving the operations/exercise or any related activities such as an allowance for the MAF personnel on duty under the UN. J5 – Planning/Coordination Division. In charge of drafting the policies involves joint military operations. The J5 also tasked with formulating MAF defence contingency plans at the operational stage that involves all three branches of MAF, Malaysian government agencies and foreign agencies. The J5  is led by a two-star rank and composed of two departments: J6 – Joint Communication and Electronics Division. In charge of supplying the communications for all MAF operations. The J6 also tasked to coordinate the needs of Electronics and Cyber Warfare. The J6 is led by a one-star rank. J7 – Joint Exercise Division. In charge of handling and execute the large scale joint exercise between all three branches of MAF and large scale combined exercise between the MAF and military of friendly nations. Led by a one-star rank, the J7 is composed of two cells: J9 – Military Health  Division. In charge of monitoring and coordinate health affairs for the Ops Pasir and other MAF overseas missions. Field Training Exercises. Some of the exercises handled and executed by the JFHQ's J7 including: Aman Youyi. The "Exercise Aman Youyi" is a bilateral military exercise between the MAF and the Chinese People Liberation Army. It is held annually since 2014. In Aman Youyi 2018, the Royal Thai Armed Forces take part in the exercise. Bersama Shield. The "Exercise Bersama Shield" is a multilateral military exercise between the five countries of Five Power Defence Arrangements, which are Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand , Singapore and United Kingdom. It is held annually in Malaysia and Singapore. Bersama Warrior. The "Exercise Bersama Warrior" is an annual joint bilateral exercise between the countries of Malaysia and the United States designed to develop and improve their collective capacity to plan and conduct joint and combined operations. It is focused on Non–Combatant Evacuation Operation (NEO), Personnel Recovery (PR), Counter-Terrorism (CT), Maritime Security and Humanitarian Support Operation. CARAT Malaysia. The Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training, known as "Exercise CARAT", is a series of annual bilateral military exercises conducted by the United States Pacific Fleet with several member  nations of ASEAN in Southeast Asia. The MAF has been part of Exercise CARAT since 1995. The CARAT hosted by Malaysia is known as "CARAT Malaysia" and it is focused on strengthening the capabilities of the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and MAF maritime assets and also the partnership between the RMN, U.S. Navy and U.S. Marines. Cobra Gold. The "Exercise Cobra Gold" is the largest military exercise in the Asia-Pacific region, hosted by the Royal Thai Armed Forces and the United States Indo-Pacific Command. It is held annually in Thailand and involves seven nations including Malaysia. Joint Combined  Exercise Thailand Malaysia. The Joint Combined Exercise Thailand Malaysia, known as "JCEX THAMAL", is a bilateral military exercise between the countries of Malaysia and Thailand. It is focused on operations during a natural disaster and involves disaster relief NGOs and teams such as the SMART. It is held in northern Malaysia. Malindo Darsasa. The "Latihan Gabungan Bersama Darat Samudera Angkasa" Malaysia-Indonesia (), known with its acronym "Latgabma Malindo Darsasa", is a bilateral military exercise between the countries of Malaysia and Indonesia. It is focused on the corporation between the two nation's military if a disaster (war or natural) happened . It is held once every three years. Tiger Strike. The "Exercise Tiger Strike" is a bilateral military exercise between the countries of Malaysia and the United States and focused on amphibious operations. It is used to familiarise the 7th and 22nd Battalion, Royal Malay Regiment in amphibious landing, and improve communication and coordination during amphibious operations. It is to prepare the battalions with marine infantry roles and also be attached to the U.S. Marine Corps if needed to. The battalions are assisted by the Royal Malaysian Air Force and special operations element from the RMN PASKAL. Operations. Operation "Pasir". On  the local operation, JFHQ is responsible for the implementation Operations of Pandanan And Sipadan Island Resort or popularly known by Operation "PASIR". This operation is a joint operation involving the assets of the three services in the East Sabah area under the command of Joint Task Force 2 Commander. Operation "PASIR" area covers the whole east coast of Sabah from Kudat to Semporna which includes the Malaysian Exclusive Economic Zone waters and Sabah airspace bordering the South China Sea to the Sulu Sea and the Sulawesi Sea at the east. The main mission of Operation "PASIR" is to create a  safe and secure environment in the East Coast of Sabah to protect national sovereignty and create conditions conducive to economic activity. Operation "Daratan". Operation "Daratan" ( Operation "Inland") is almost similar with Operation "Pasir". Both operations are conducted at East Coast Sabah, however, as its name suggests, Operation "Daratan" is more towards the inland. Additional two battalions are stationed at East Sabah under the Operation "Daratan", and together with the Operation "Pasir," a total of five battalions are stationed there. Three of the five battalions is special operations battalions. Overseas Operations. On the overseas operations, the presence of the MAF increasingly  felt by the world community. Involvement of military personnel in the mission of the UN has raised the image of the MAF in particular and the country in general through the ability, the dedication, commitment and high discipline of MAF members during their assignment. Among the foreign missions being undertaken by the MAF such as: List of Joint Force Commanders. Temporary Commanders Commanders