Boreostemma
Boreostemma is an extinct genus of glyptodonts from northern South America. Fossils assigned to the genus were first described as belonging to "Asterostemma" from southern South America, but have been placed in the new genus "Boreostemma" by Carlini et al. in 2008. The type species is "B. pliocena". Fossils of "Boreostemma" have been found in the Honda Group of Colombia, in Peru and Venezuela. Etymology. The genus name "Boreostemma" is a combination of "stemma", taken from "Asterostemma", and "boreo" is derived from borealis, meaning "northern", to distinguish the northern South American genus from the southern "Asterostemma". Species. Four species  have been described in the genus "Boreostemma". Unspecified "Boreostemma" fossils were found in the Ipururo Formation of the department of Ucayali, Amazonian Peru. "Asterostemma" contains the type species "A. depressa" and several nomina dubia. The genus has been found in the Early Miocene (Santacrucian in the SALMA classification) Santa Cruz Formation of the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina and in the Solimões Formation in the state of Acre, Amazonian Brazil. The type species "B. pliocena" was described in 2008 by Carlini et al. based on 30 osteoderms palate fragment with M6-7 alveoli. Fossils have been described from the type  locality along the road to Tío Gregorio in the Codore Formation at the Lagerstätte of Urumaco. "B. gigantea" was described as "Asterostemma gigantea" in 1997 by Carlini et al. based on a partial skeleton. Fossils have been recovered at the Duke Localities 32, 108, 113, 114 and 121W in the La Victoria Formation of the Honda Group at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte La Venta. "B. acostae" was described as "Asterostemma acostae" in 1983 by Carlos Villarroel based on a carapace fragment with 44 plates. Fossils have been found in the Cerbatana Member, and the Chunchullo Sandstone of the La Victoria Formation , of the Honda Group at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte La Venta. "B. venezolensis" was described as "Asterostemma venezolensis" in 1947 by George Gaylord Simpson, based on most of the carapace and the anterior end of the lower jaw, including teeth. Fossils have been uncovered from the Santa Inés Formation along the banks of the Güere River in the state of Anzoátegui in Venezuela.