Hua, Q. et al. (2011): I-ultrasonically-yakhuthazwa nge-mandelic acid nge-phase transfer catalysis ku-liquid ionic. Ku: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Vol. 18/5, 2011; iphe. 1035-1037. I use this product around my armpits to reduce chafing while on my C2 rowing machine. Doing 28 strokes per minute for 60 minutes while in a sports bra is a surefire way to get some chafing! The best thing about ASICS Chafe Free is that is not sticky. Other products feel gummy and leave a tacky residue on my hands that I have to really scrub off. This stuff washes off my hands easily, doesn't stain clothing, and doesn't have an odor. It also doesn't irritate my skin the way other anti-chafing products do -- and doesn't sting on freshly shaved pits. My only criticism is of the tubes that come with an applicator. It makes it hard to fully empty the tube, and for how expensive this stuff is, I hate to waste any.