Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe
Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe is a crossover fighting video game between "Mortal Kombat" and the DC Comics fictional universe, developed and published by Midway Games, the last entry in the franchise before the company went bankrupt in 2009 and sold the franchise to Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game is also the eighth main installment in the "Mortal Kombat" series, despite the story not being connected to the first seven games or any other game that was released after this one. The game was released on November 16, 2008 and contains characters from both  franchises. Its story was written by comic writers Jimmy Palmiotti and Justin Gray. The game was followed by a "Mortal Kombat" reboot in 2011 and by "" in 2013. The game takes place after Raiden, Earthrealm's god of thunder, and Superman, Metropolis' defender, repel invasions from both their worlds. An attack by both Raiden and Superman simultaneously in their separate universes causes the merging of the "Mortal Kombat" and DC villains, Shao Kahn and Darkseid, resulting in the creation of Dark Kahn, whose mere existence causes the two universes to begin merging; if allowed to continue, it would result in  the destruction of both. Characters from both universes begin to fluctuate in power, becoming stronger or weaker. "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" was developed using Epic Games' Unreal Engine 3 and is available for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms. It is the first "Mortal Kombat" title developed solely for the seventh generation of video game consoles. Most reviewers agreed that "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" was entertaining and made good use of its DC Universe license, but the game's lack of unlockable features as opposed to past installments of "Mortal Kombat" and toned-down finishing moves garnered  some criticism. Gameplay. The game features a story mode, playable from two different perspectives. The perspectives consist of one segment from the DC Universe side, and one from the "Mortal Kombat" side, each split up into various chapters. Depending on which side players choose, the characters from one universe see those from the opposite universe as the invaders of their own. The player has the ability to play as all the characters in the story mode at one point during development, but the story mode ultimately lacked story arcs for a few characters. "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" also contains  a mode called "Kombo Challenge", where players must perform ten pre-created combos of increasing difficulty. Intertwined within fight matches, which are played in a 3D fighter style, are new gameplay modes, such as "Free-Fall Kombat" or "Falling Kombat," which are activated automatically after throwing the opponent to a lower level in the arena. The players can fight in the air during the fall in a quasi-mini-game, with one player having to hit certain buttons to be above the other during the fall and land on the other player when the fall ends. "Klose Kombat" is a  mode the players can enter during a fight, causing the characters to lock with each other and the perspective to change to a close-up shot of the two, to make for an interval of close-quarters fighting. A "Test Your Might" mini-game is also worked into the gameplay; while fighting in certain areas, the player can smash the opponent through a series of walls and engage in a tug-of-war with the damage meter at the top of the screen. The player on the offense presses buttons to increase damage given, while the player on the defense  presses buttons to decrease damage taken. Another in-fight feature called "Rage mode" is introduced in "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe". The Rage mode is governed by a rage meter placed below the player's health meter that fills progressively every time the player receives damage or attacks. Once the meter is completely filled, Rage mode can be activated and lasts for several seconds. Rage mode enables the player to break the opponent's guard on the second hit, prevents the attacker from experiencing hit stun, knockdown or pop-up, and increases the damage of an attacker's moves. During  fights, characters show permanent signs of damage, such as bruises, scrapes, bleeding, and broken or torn clothing. All of the characters except Darkseid, Shao Kahn, and Dark Kahn have finishing moves; the "Mortal Kombat" characters and the DC villains can execute Fatalities, while the DC heroes can execute moves called "heroic brutalities," which function in the same manner but do not kill opponents, in order to stay in tone with the heroes who have an established reputation of never taking a life. Plot. After Shao Kahn's invasion of Earthrealm is halted by Raiden's forces of light, Raiden blasts  and sends Kahn through a portal. At exactly the same time on Earth, Superman stops Darkseid's Apokoliptian invasion by blasting Darkseid with his heat vision as he enters a boom tube. These acts do not destroy either of them, but merge them into Dark Kahn, and causes the DC and "Mortal Kombat" universes to merge. As this happens, the characters' abilities fluctuate, causing violent "rage" outbreaks that are actually the feelings of Dark Kahn being infused in the characters from afar. Because of this, certain characters gain either strength or vulnerability. This allows for such things as the possibility  of Superman being defeated due to his vulnerability to magic, and giving the Joker the ability to fight skilled martial artists such as his nemesis Batman and Deathstroke. With each world thinking that the other is responsible for the merger, they fight each other until only one fighter from each side remains: Raiden and Superman. In the final battle, the two fight while Dark Kahn feeds on their rage. Both realizing that neither is working with Dark Kahn, Raiden and Superman overcome their rage for each other and defeat their fused enemy, restoring the two worlds to their normal separation . While everyone else has been sent to their original universe, Darkseid and Shao Kahn have been switched and are both rendered powerless. In the end, they both face eternal imprisonment in the other's universe; Darkseid is restrained in the Netherrealm, while Shao Kahn is trapped in the Phantom Zone. Characters. All of the DC characters (as well as Scorpion) subsequently appeared in "Injustice: Gods Among Us". MK's Quan Chi & Kung Lao and DC's Harley Quinn & Doomsday were going to be added into game by DLC but got canceled. Development. "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" was Midway Games 's last project before filing for bankruptcy and selling the rights to Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment in 2009. In February 2007, Midway Games announced they were planning a new game in the "Mortal Kombat" franchise, inspired by seeing a showcase of "Gears of War". ""Mortal Kombat 8"" would have been "dark, gritty, serious" and a "back to basics reboot" of the series. Eventually, during the planning process, a deal with DC Comics was made and this project was cancelled, thus leading to the development of a different game. An announcement in April 2008 confirmed the game as a crossover, and  a trailer was released. The only notable aspect that remained from the original project was the use of the Unreal Engine 3, also used in "Gears of War". "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" was co-published by Midway Games and Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and was the final "Mortal Kombat" title to be developed under the Midway label prior to its purchase by Warner Bros. Interactive. Midway used AutoDesk software to develop "Mortal Kombat vs DC Universe", according to Maurice Patel, entertainment industry manager at AutoDesk, and Illuminate Labs products for lighting. The use of a DC license imposed some  restrictions on the characteristic violence in "Mortal Kombat" games. "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" was thus restricted to a "Teen" ESRB rating. Therefore, certain Fatalities such as Sub-Zero's "Spine Rip" were excluded or replaced due to their graphic nature. In order to keep that rating, two of the Fatalities in the game were censored in North America. In the United Kingdom version, both the Joker and Deathstroke's first Fatality depict them each finishing their opponent with a gunshot to the head, both shown uncut from a distance. The North American version has the camera quickly pan toward  the victor before the shot is fired, thereby cutting the victim out of the shot completely. Additionally, one of Kitana's Fatalities which involved impaling the opponent in the head and the torso with her fanblades was modified so that both fanblades impaled her opponent's chest instead. According to interviews, the characters were chosen for their popularity, and for parallels between them from both universes. Ed Boon, creative director of "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" and co-creator of the "Mortal Kombat" franchise, has said that some of the characters' abilities, especially those from the DC Universe, had been  toned down to make them balanced within "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe". For example, Boon specifically mentioned that Superman became vulnerable because of magic. Boon revealed that two new characters were developed as downloadable content, Quan Chi from "Mortal Kombat" and Harley Quinn from DC comics but had been discarded. He had also hinted earlier at the prospect of Kung Lao and Doomsday being downloadable characters. For the release of the "Kollector's Edition" of "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe", a new cover was created by Alex Ross. Also included in the "Kollector's Edition" is a 16-page comic  book prequel, "Beginnings", which was illustrated by "Mortal Kombat" co-creator John Tobias. Downloadable content (DLC) had been confirmed by Major Nelson, but was canceled due to Midway's financial issues. Ed Boon had stated that they would have been updating "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" periodically with new content all the way up to the release of the next installment of the "Mortal Kombat" series: "I'd like to have [DLC] as soon as possible. I think that might be a great Christmas gift to reinvigorate the game". Ed Boon said on his Twitter account that the plan for  DLC had been scrapped, which occurred because, as clarified by 1UP, Midway had filed for bankruptcy and was purchased by Warner Bros. Interactive after the suggestion of downloadable content. Reception. "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Adam Sessler of X-Play stated: "Whether it's a decade-late answer to the "Marvel vs. Capcom" team up games or an off-the-cuff boardroom joke gone wildly too far, "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" is destined to make just about anyone's shortlist of bizarre video game team-ups. Still, sometimes two disparate things can  merge to create a unique synergy that makes the melding work, however unlikely it may have seemed at the outset." In "GamePro", Sid Shuman called it "surprisingly enjoyable." Wired.com's preview stated that the concept of the game was "nose-pokingly ludicrous", noting that Superman's powers could be used to easily defeat a character with the comment, "from Sub-Zero to Well-Done in eight seconds flat." ABC News praised the game's story because it did "a great job of giving players a cohesive, if far-fetched, story line that's fun if not engaging," as well as  comic book-like dialogue. "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe"s Kombo Challenge mode was criticized as a thin and frustrating mode with combos that required very precise timing. The modes of Klose Kombat and Free-Fall Kombat were praised as concepts but were criticized in their execution as they appeared to slow the gameplay down and took the player out of the fast gameplay experience. Critics noted that the change in the amount of gore was disappointing to longtime fans of the series who were used to the "insane amounts of gore." The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry approved  of "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" because of its departure from the earlier M-rated games of the series praising its "simpler play, familiar graphics and adjustable gore content" but still not recommending it for younger players. In 2008, "GamePro", ranked it as the 15th best fighting game out of 18. Midway Games announced that as of January 26, 2009, "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" had shipped 1.8 million copies since its release in mid-November 2008, not including the sales of the "Kollector's Edition". The chief operating officer of GameStop stated that the "Kollector's Edition" of "Mortal  Kombat vs. DC Universe" made up 55% of the game's total sales at GameStop locations in its first week. In their 10-K filing, Midway Games revealed the title had sold over 1.9 million units, making it one of the company's most successful titles since 2002. According to Wired.com, "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" also "holds the distinction of being the most pre-ordered "MK" game of all time." In a ranking by Rentrak, the Xbox 360 version of "Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe" was the sixth most rented game of 2009. Legacy. Midway's work on "Mortal  Kombat vs. DC Universe's" cinematic story mode would influence development of future "Mortal Kombat" games and the "Injustice" series after Midway filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and became NetherRealm Studios. Future fighting games like "Guilty Gear Xrd", "Street Fighter V", "Tekken 7", and "" attempted to create similar film-like experiences.