Manchester Metropolitan University
Manchester Metropolitan University (often abbreviated MMU) is a public research university located in Manchester, England. The university traces its origins to the Manchester Mechanics Institute and the Manchester School of Design, which formed Manchester Polytechnic in 1970. Manchester Polytechnic then gained university status under the government's Further and Higher Education Act, becoming the Manchester Metropolitan University in 1992. Manchester Metropolitan University is an accredited member of the Association of MBAs, and member of the University Alliance, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the North West Universities Association, Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and the European  University Association. Today, it is also home to the Manchester School of Art, the Manchester School of Theatre, as well as the Manchester School of Architecture (MSA) administered in collaboration with the University of Manchester. The University's logo is derived from the upper part of the shield of the university's coat-of-arms, with six spade-irons positioned together, suggesting hard toil and entrenchment. History. Manchester Metropolitan University was developed from mergers of various colleges with various specialisms, including technology, art and design. Its founding can be traced back to the Manchester Mechanics Institute, and the Manchester School  of Design latterly known as the Manchester School of Art. The painter L. S. Lowry attended in the years after the First World War, where he was taught by the noted impressionist Adolphe Valette. Schools of Commerce (founded 1889), Education (f. 1878), and Domestic Science (f. 1880) were added alongside colleges at Didsbury, Crewe, Alsager and the former Domestic and Trades College (f. 1911). The Manchester College of Science and Technology, which had originally been the Mechanics Institute and would then become UMIST, transferred its non-degree courses to the School of Art by 1966. The school renamed itself as  Manchester Polytechnic in 1970, which was followed by series of mergers with the Didsbury College of Education and Hollings College in 1977, as well as City of Manchester College of Higher Education in 1983. In 1987, the institution became a founding member of the Northern Consortium, and became a corporate body on 1 April 1989 as allowed by the terms of the Education Reform Act. On 15 September 1992, Manchester Polytechnic gained university status under the wide-sweeping Further and Higher Education Act 1992, and has since rebranded as Manchester Metropolitan University. After earning university status, MMU absorbed Crewe and  Alsager College of Higher Education, and in 2004 the Manchester School of Physiotherapy (MSOP), an institution officially formed in 1991 through the amalgamation of the Schools of Physiotherapy of the Manchester Royal Infirmary (MRI) and of Withington Hospital. MSOP was previously affiliated with the Victoria University of Manchester, which conferred degree-level courses by extension until the final class of 2005. MSOP joined Manchester Metropolitan University as the Department of Physiotherapy in 2004, and was later renamed as the Department of Health Professions. Today, it offers undergraduate and postgraduate studies, a three-year undergraduate honours programme, and National Vocational Qualification  (NVQ) programmes for unqualified support workers in the field of physiotherapy. In April 2022, the university hosted the LILAC Information Literacy conference at its Brooks Building. Campuses. The university was previously located on seven sites: five in Manchester (All Saints, Aytoun, Didsbury, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Hollings) and two in Cheshire (Alsager and Crewe). However, the university later closed two of the seven sites to rationalise its estate. The university moved the work of the Alsager campus to Crewe, while the Aytoun campus was closed in 2012 following the opening of an All Saints Campus business school. In 2011, the university  announced a £350 million investment programme for the largest physical change to its estate since its foundation. The Elizabeth Gaskell, Hollings and Didsbury campuses were closed in 2014, with faculties being relocated to campuses at All Saints and Birley. The Crewe campus closed in summer 2019, a decision taken following a review conducted by financial advisory firm Deloitte. The university cited a poor intake in students as a main reason for closure. All Saints Campus. All Saints Campus is one of the university's two campuses. The Faculty of Humanities, Languages and Social Science was split between the Geoffrey  Manton and Mabel Tylecote buildings. The Geoffrey Manton Building accommodates the English, History and Economic History, Information and Communications, Politics and Philosophy, and Sociology departments. The Languages department was housed in the Mabel Tylecote Building until this was demolished in 2017 to make way for a new Arts and Humanities building on the site. The John Dalton Building, on Chester Street, is the home of the Faculty of Science and Engineering. It comprises four schools: the School of Healthcare Sciences, the School of Computing, Mathematics & Digital Technology, the School of Engineering, and the School of Science and The Environment. To  the rear of the John Dalton Building is JD tower, housing the university's main science laboratories including IRM, the Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health. The Manchester School of Art on the All Saints Campus is composed of four departments: The Manchester School of Architecture (operated jointly with the University of Manchester Faculty of Humanities); Department of Art and Performance; Department of Design; Department of Media. The School of Art houses the Holden Gallery which has a continuous programme of exhibitions and is open free to the public. The university has invested in improving the Manchester  School of Art building granting £35 million to facilitate three changes including: a new building for the school, refurbishment of the workshops and renovation of the studios. In 2014 the Benzie Building was nominated for the Stirling Prize. New premises costing £75 million for the Faculty of Business and Law have been built on All Saints Campus and the Business School re-located to this building from the Aytoun Campus in 2012. It will house more than 5,000 students and 250 staff. The new building is an original architectural concept with three towers under a single glass roof . Green credentials are an integral part of the building's design which incorporates solar panels and heat pumps to power the building and a rain water recycling scheme. The Manchester Law School is in the Sandra Burslem building which opened in 2003. The university library was renamed the Sir Kenneth Green Library but then again renamed the All Saints Library, is on the All Saints campus. It houses a number of special collections mainly relating to the fine and applied arts, like the Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection, a collection of 32,000 Victorian and Edwardian greeting cards. The library is  in the All Saints Building where it occupies three floors. It was planned as a single central library in 1972 but after the mergers with the Didsbury College of Education and Hollings College it became a central library and administrative centre for seven library sites. From 1975 a catalogue was produced with the aid of the Birmingham Libraries Co-operative Mechanisation Project. From 1992 the library was part of the Consortium of Academic Libraries in Manchester (CALIM) which was extended in 2002 to become NoWAL, the North West Academic Libraries. The library has been replanned to incorporate a second entrance  as part of reorganisation of all the libraries of the MMU. Birley Campus. 2014 saw the opening of a highly environmentally sustainable £140 million development situated on the Birley Fields site in Hulme, Manchester, creating a central location for the Faculties of Education and Health following the closure of the Didsbury and Elizabeth Gaskell Campuses. Alongside the academic building there is student accommodation for up to 1,200 students comprising ultra-modern, environmentally sustainable townhouses and traditional student apartments. Organisation. Governance. In common with most universities in the United Kingdom, Manchester Metropolitan University is headed formally by the Chancellor, currently  Lord Mandelson but led by the Vice-Chancellor, currently Professor Malcolm Press. The University's Board of Governors is responsible for determining the educational character and mission of the University. It also falls to the Board of Governors to ensure that the University's resources are used in line with the University's Article of Government. It also safeguards the University's assets and approves the annual estimates of income and expenditure. The Board of Governors is responsible for broad policy but the Vice-Chancellor, along with the Executive and Directorate, is responsible for overall management, policy implementation, organisation, operations  and direction of the University. In December 2014, it was announced that Malcolm Press had been appointed to succeed John Brooks as Vice Chancellor on 1 June 2015. University structure. The university is organised into four faculties: In the session , the University had students, making it the largest university in the UK (out of ). The University employs 4,810 staff, comprising 1,610 full-time and 1,115 part-time academic staff and 2,090 support staff. Finances. In the financial year ended 31 July 2011, Manchester Metropolitan University had a total income of £248,028,000 (2009/10 – £243,606,000) and a total expenditure of  £213,103,000 (2009/10 – £220,221,000). The University's collects £106,857,000 from tuition fees and education contracts (2009/10 – £101,640,000) and attracts £4,992,000 in research grants and contracts (2009/10 – £4,414,000). Income from other sources totalled £31,371,000 (2009/10 – 30,524,000). Academics and rankings. Academics. MMU has admitted applications from a broad range of UCAS tariff points, with an average of 343.7 in 2015, and 132.6 in 2018 under the new system. The university receives approximately 52,000 applications every year. It is the second most applied-to university in the UK, following the University of Manchester, and boasts the fifth -largest higher education institution student body size in the UK based on its number of admitted and enrolled students. Approximately 94% of Manchester Met's full-time undergraduate students come from within the UK, while the overall student body with graduates and post-graduates is approximately 85% domestic, and 15% international. Composition of academic faculty staff is relatively similar with 85% domestic, and 15% international. Rankings and research. According to The Complete University Guide, MMU is ranked #54 out of 130 within the UK, based on overall rating, entry standards, research quality, and graduate prospects. The Times Higher Education World  University Rankings dropped Manchester Met's national ranking from #64 to #82 in 2018, and continued to rank the university in the #601–800 tier internationally. In 2019, it ranked 492nd among the universities around the world by "SCImago Institutions Rankings". In August 2017, The Economist ranked MMU #92 out of 124 within the UK in degree value, based on statistics from the Department for Education. In terms of research, MMU is ranked fourth within new universities attracting research funds from the Higher Education Funding Council for England, one of several institutions that fund higher education research programmes. The university has  thirteen research centres: According to the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), Manchester Metropolitan University was the highest LGBT+ recruiting university by the number of accepted applicants in 2020 at 720. Students' Union. The students' union exists to represent all members at the Manchester Metropolitan University and students on accredited external courses. The Union is led by the Union Officers Group formed of five students of the university, elected by the students to lead the Union on their behalf. A shop and cafe catering to university students has also been set up inside the Students' Union. The Students' Union moved  in January 2015 to a new purpose-built building on Higher Cambridge Street, next to Cambridge and Cavendish Halls of Residence. Notable alumni. Some in the list attended institutions which became part of present-day Manchester Metropolitan University.