Combined Task Force 151
Combined Task Force 151 (CTF-151) is a multinational naval task force, set up in 2009 as a response to piracy attacks in the Gulf of Aden and off the eastern coast of Somalia. Its mission is to disrupt piracy and armed robbery at sea and to engage with regional and other partners to build capacity and improve relevant capabilities in order to protect global maritime commerce and secure freedom of navigation. It operates in conjunction with the EU's Operation Atalanta and NATO's Operation Ocean Shield. As of June 2021, the commander of CTF-151 is  the Rear Admiral André Luiz Andrade Felix, of the Brazilian Navy. History. The CTF 151 was established on 12 January 2009 as a response to piracy attacks in Somalia, "with a specific piracy mission-based mandate under the authority of UNSCRs 1816, 1838, 1846, 1851 and 1897". The CTF 150 mainly dealt with maritime security and counter terrorism. Piracy was considered more of a law enforcement mission. CTF were established as a mission-based Task Force. Upon their establishment in 2009, operated under a UNSCR counter-piracy mandate. The CTF is not geographically constrained. Their mandate has been "based upon  the range of counter-piracy UNSCRs". In February 2011, a group of pirates hijacked a Panamanian-flagged ship. The Puntland government stated that they did not want captured ships and pirate bases near Bosaso. The pirates forced the ship's crew to the south, to a coastal area that was not as receptive. Admiral Mcknight had a conversation with Jatin Dua and the Navy SEALS rescued two hostages who were being held in an inland camp. The SEALS killed about nine pirates. In January 2012, six Somali pirates launched an attack on the bulk cargo ship the MV "Sunshine" about  one hundred miles off the coast of Oman. This was referred to as a by-the-book approach; The pirates used AK-47s, a rocket propelled grenade launcher, a grappling hook and attempted to affix a ladder onto the boat. The pirates threw their weapons overboard so the boarding team could not arrest them. They gave the pirates food and water, finally turning them loose. The Somalis did not realize that a helicopter from the USS "Mobile Bay" was keeping track of their movements. The pirates headed back to the Iranian dhow. The USS "Kidd" was able to track the "Al  Mulahi" and noticed some Middle Easterners were aboard. The "New York Times" reported a standoff, afterwards the Somalis were still hidden and the Iranian captain spoke with the Americans. Formation. Between 2002 and 2004, a first naval coalition in charge of fighting terrorism in the area was dubbed Task Force 151. On 8 January 2009, at the United States Fifth Fleet headquarters in Manama, Bahrain, Vice Admiral William E. Gortney, USN, announced the formation of CTF-151 to combat the piracy threat off Somalia, with Rear Admiral Terence E. McKnight in command. The was designated as the first flagship of Combined  Task Force 151, serving as an afloat forward staging base (AFSB) for the following force elements: Initially, CTF-151 consisted of the "San Antonio", , and , with additional warships expected to join this force. Twenty countries were expected to contribute to the force, including Canada, Denmark, France, Japan, Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Singapore, Thailand and the United Kingdom, all of which have already pledged participation. On 5 April 2009, United States Rear Admiral Michelle J. Howard, assumed command of CTF-151 and Expeditionary Strike Group 2. On 29 May, the Australian Government pledged its support, re-tasking the frigate from duties  in the Persian Gulf to the task force, as well as Lockheed P-3 Orion maritime patrol aircraft. Task measures. The measures carried out by the task force include: Upholding an active 24-hour lookout, the removal of access ladders, reporting apprehensive actions to proper authorities, the use of deck lighting, razor wire, netting, fire hoses, electrical fencing, and surveillance and detection equipment, defending the lowest points of access, engaging in evasive maneuvering and speed through pirate attacks, and joining group transits. The CMF established the Maritime Security Patrol Area (MSPA) in the Gulf of Aden in August 2008 to provision  international efforts to battle piracy. The coalition efforts involved CTF-150 assets patrolling the area with aircraft and ships. However, the charter for CTF-150, which was established at the beginning of Operation Enduring Freedom, was for the conduct of Maritime Security Operations in the Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden, the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Such operations included the deterrence of threatening activities, such as weapons trafficking and drug smuggling. Rescue of Captain Richard Phillips. In 2009, there was a pirate attack on the "Maersk Alabama". The rescue personnel included DEVGRU. On 7 April 2009 there  was an advisory issued by the U.S. Maritime Administration stating that ships stay six hundred miles off the coast of Somalia due to an increase of piracy. The Somali pirates mainly targeted the Gulf of Aden because most vessels traveling towards the Suez Canal were there. However, with CTF 151, the Chinese, Russians, and Operation Atalanta all concentrated in that area, pirates were compelled to look elsewhere. On 1 April 2009 the "Maersk Alabama" headed toward the Gulf of Aden. Captain Phillips was unaware of the pirates on the way . Captain Phillips and his crew were eventually surrounded by three  pirate skiffs with their mother ship in pursuit, eight miles behind. Phillips eventually hit the silent alarm button that signaled a search and rescue team to come. At one point it was reported that there was a standoff between the ship's crew and the pirates. They eventually called for a prisoner exchange and Phillips was among the first to be released onto a lifeboat. Success. Vice Admiral Bill Gortney stated that because of proactive measures taken by certain merchant mariners, the piracy events in the region have been reduced. He also cautioned that the "efforts of coalition and international  navies won't solve the problem of piracy." Command History. The Task Force has been headed by different countries participating.