Cryptex
The word cryptex is a neologism coined by the author Dan Brown for his 2003 novel "The Da Vinci Code", denoting a portable vault used to hide secret messages. It is a word formed from Greek "kryptós", "hidden, secret" and Latin "codex"; "an apt title for this device" since it uses "the science of "cryptology" to protect information written on the contained scroll or "codex"" (p. 199 of the novel). The first physical cryptex was created by Justin Kirk Nevins in 2004. Design and function. The (first) cryptex featured in the novel "The Da Vinci Code" is described as  a stone cylinder comprising "five doughnut-sized disks of marble [that] had been stacked and affixed to one another within a delicate brass framework"; end caps make it impossible to see inside the hollow cylinder. Each of the disks is carved with the entire alphabet and can be rotated independently of the others to create different letter-alignment combinations, including but not limited to words, initialisms, and anagrams. Although it is not clear whether the alphabet in question preserves the U/V and/or I/J distinctions and/or includes the letter W, when only the alignment of the disks with respect  to each other is considered, the number of potential combinations is between 23 (279,841) and 26 (456,976); if the mechanism treats combinations having the same disk alignment but different degrees of rotation around the cylinder's long axis as distinct, as does a multiple-wheel combination lock or slot machine employing an indicator bar along which the specified numbers are to be aligned, this number rises to between 23 (6,436,343) and 26 (11,881,376). The cryptex works "much like a bicycle's combination lock", and if one arranges the disks to spell out the correct password, "the tumblers inside align, and  the entire cylinder slides apart" (p. 200). In the inner compartment of the cryptex, secret information can be hidden, written on a scroll of thin papyrus wrapped around a fragile vial of vinegar as a security measure: if one does not know the password but tries to force the cryptex open, the vial will break and the vinegar will dissolve the papyrus before it can be read. Trademark in the United States. In the United States "Cryptex" is a registered trademark of Justin Kirk Nevins.