El Alamein
El Alamein (, ) is a town in the northern Matrouh Governorate of Egypt. Located on the Arab's Gulf, Mediterranean Sea, it lies west of Alexandria and northwest of Cairo. As of 2007, it had a population of 7,397 inhabitants. History. The city's history dates back to the Roman era, when the city of Leucaspis, an ancient Roman coastal city, was located on its land, with a population of 15,000 people at the time. The city center features a Roman cathedral and a large hall that has been converted into a church. In the past, the village represented  a commercial center between Egypt and Libya and the imports of the Cretan. The ancient settlement was destroyed in 365 by a tsunami wave caused by an earthquake that occurred off the coast of Crete. The town was not rebuilt, due to the state of turmoil in which the Roman Empire was at the time. All the trace of Leucaspis was lost until 1986, when a group of engineers who were working on building roads in Marina El Alamein uncovered old houses and tombs. The surrounding 200 acres of land have been designated an archaeological area, and archaeological excavations began  in the 1990s. First battle of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein or Battle of Alam Halfa is one of the battles of World War II, which took place in the city of El Alamein between the Allied countries, represented by the British under the command of Montgomery and the Axis Powers represented by the Afrika Korps made up of the forces of Germans and Italians under the command of Rommel during the period from 31 August to 7 September 1942. The battle ended with the victory of the British Eighth Army under the command of Montgomery and  the withdrawal of the forces of Afrika Korps, which suffered from scarce supplies and continued British bombardment by air and artillery fire, leading to its failure to reach the Suez Canal in what was known as the Six-Day Race. Second battle of El Alamein. The Battle of El Alamein or the Second Battle of El Alamein is the battle that took place from 23 October to 4 November 1942 during the events of World War II on the land of the city of El Alamein between The British Eighth Army was commanded by Montgomery and the Afrika Korps was  commanded by Erwin Rommel. The battle ended with the victory of the British as a result of their superiority in terms of numbers and equipment, as the British forces amassed more than a thousand tanks, which was twice the number of German tanks and 450 cannons, in addition to the air superiority of British bombers, while the German forces lacked adequate air cover and suffered from the age of their artillery model in addition to poor supplies. El Alamein Fountain. The El Alamein Fountain is a monument erected in Sydney, Australia, in memory of the soldiers who died in 1942  during the battles of World War II in the Egyptian town of El Alamein. It was designed by Australian architect Phil Taranto. Tourism. El Alamein war museum. El Alamein has a war museum with artifacts from North African battles. Military cemeteries. Germany. Visitors can also see the Italian and German military cemeteries on Tel el-Eisa Hill outside the town. The German cemetery is an ossuary, built in the style of a medieval fortress. Italy. The Italian cemetery is a mausoleum containing 5,200 tombs. Many tombs bear the soldier's name with others simply marked IGNOTO, i.e. unknown. Greek. There  is a separate Greek cemetery at El Alamein. Commonwealth of Nations. There is also a Commonwealth war cemetery, built and maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission, with graves of soldiers from various countries who fought on the Allied side. Buried here are 6,425 identified Commonwealth service personnel, 815 unidentified ones, and 102 of other nationalities; These include four Victoria Cross recipients: Others buried here include This has monuments commemorating Greek, New Zealand, Australian, South African, Indian and Canadian forces. The cemetery entrance is through the Alamein Memorial and there is also a separate Alamein Cremation Memorial to 603 Commonwealth  service personnel who died in Egypt and Libya and were cremated in line with their religion. The names of 213 Canadian airmen appear on the Alamein Memorial in Egypt. The cemetery was designed by Sir J. Hubert Worthington. Climate. El Alamein has a hot desert climate, Köppen climate classification BWh, common with most of the Middle East and north Africa. However, like the rest of the northern coast of Egypt, its climate is slightly less hot, compared to the rest of Egypt, because of the prevailing Mediterranean Sea winds. World War II. Two important World War II battles were fought  in the area: