Maki-e
This technique is the most used technique in Japanese lacquer decoration. The is often combined with other techniques such as in which a nacreous layer of shellfish is embedded or pasted in lacquer, in which metal or ivory is embedded in lacquer, and in which gold leaf or gold powder is embedded in a hollow where lacquer has been shaved. To create different colours and textures, artists use a variety of metal powders including gold, silver, copper, brass, lead, aluminum, platinum, and pewter, as well as their alloys. Bamboo tubes and soft brushes of various sizes are used  for laying powders and drawing fine lines. As it requires highly skilled craftsmanship to produce a painting, young artists usually go through many years of training to develop the skills and to ultimately become masters. (1410–1478) was the first lacquer master linked to specific works. His works used designs from various Japanese contemporary painters. Kōami and another master, , were originators of the two major schools of lacquer-making in the history of Japan. Major techniques and their history. Classification by manufacturing process. is roughly classified into three techniques of , and as a process classification. In Japan, these three techniques and  , which is a combination of and , are widely used. These processes are started after the normal lacquerware process is finished. In other words, it is necessary to make a thick foundation layer of lacquer in advance by repeating a series of works such as coating the wood or paper with lacquer using a spatula or brush, drying it and polishing it. At the first stage, a preliminary sketch process called is performed. After the original picture is drawn on the paper, thin is overlapped and copied along the outline from above, and then lacquer is applied to the outline drawn  on the with a thin brush, and is pressed to the surface of the lacquerware to transfer. If the picture or pattern is simple, this process may be omitted. The next step, called , is the preparation process before metal powder is sprinkled. Lacquer is applied to the place where metal powder is to be sprinkled and it is used as an adhesive. Then, in a process called metal powder is sprinkled using a bird's feather shaft or a bamboo tube. In the next process, lacquer is applied on top of metal powder to protect the metal powder, and then  the lacquer is dried. The first polishing is performed in the next process. The lacquer is slightly polished to expose only the surface of the metal powder with the metal powder embedded in the lacquer. In the subsequent polishing process, the entire lacquerware is polished with abrasives of different particle sizes. In addition, in the middle of each polishing process, a process called is inserted, in which a series of processes of rubbing lacquer onto lacquerware and drying it are repeated. Glossy is completed through these complicated processes. Although this technique is the simplest in , it was developed in the  latter half of the Heian period after and completed in the Kamakura period because it was necessary to make the particles of metal powder finer. This technique was popular in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, when mass production of was necessary. A lacquer is mixed with charcoal or mineral particles to make a lacquer with increased viscosity, and a pattern is drawn on the surface to raise the pattern. Then it is dried and the same process as is done on top of the pattern to complete. The name of the technique is different depending on the kind of particles to  be mixed, and the one mixed with charcoal powder is called and the one mixed with tin powder is . This technique was developed in the middle of the Kamakura period. In the Muromachi period, was developed by mixing lacquer with powdered whetstone or powdered clay, and it became possible to raise the pattern higher.。 After raising the pattern in the process of taka mak-ie, it is completed through the process of . Unlike , the surface does not become smooth even after polishing because the process of is completed. It is the most complicated technique among , and was developed in the  Muromachi period and was popular in the Edo period.。 Classification by size and shape of metal powder. The particles of the metal powder are roughly classified into three types of , or and or in order of decreasing size. Fine particles are easy to work with, but the adhesion of the particles is weak, and the color becomes whitish with little gloss and looks dull. Large particles are difficult to work with but have high durability, and have a strong luster and a flashy appearance due to irregular reflection of particles. Maque. The Mexican word derives from the Japanese word. It  is used for "Mexican lacquerware". Japanese lacquerware arrived to Mexico through the Manila galleons during the Namban period. Mexican artisans fused pre-Hispanic, European and Asian influences in their work.