Lahnstein
Lahnstein () is a "verband"-free town of Rhein-Lahn-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the Lahn with the Rhine, approximately south of Koblenz. Lahnstein was created in 1969 by the merger of the previously independent towns of Oberlahnstein (or Upper Lahnstein) on the south side of the Lahn (above the river mouth) and Niederlahnstein on the north side (below the river mouth). In 2020, it had a population of 18,030. Situated on the heights of the foothills of the Westerwald and the Taunus, Lahnstein is considered a fresh-air spa city with spa  facilities and thermal baths. It is also the seat of a district court. In religious affairs, it is assigned to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg and to the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau. Because of its strategic importance on the Rhine, Lahnstein was heavily fortified. Many old gates and towers still demonstrate its importance in the Middle Ages. Lahneck Castle, situated high above Oberlahnstein, was built between 1240 and 1245 and served as a residence of the Archbishop-Electors of Mainz. Other sights in Lahnstein include Martinsburg Castle on the bank of the Rhine in Oberlahnstein, the Allerheiligenbergkapelle , St. John's Abbey ("Johanneskloster"), and the Rheinsteig hiking trail. Lahnstein is located on the right side of the Rhine line and the Lahntal railway. Lahnstein has three railway stations, Oberlahnstein, (Environmental Train Station) Niederlahnstein and Friedrichssegen. Lahnstein is connected on the right side of the Rhine with the Federal Roads 42 and 260. The Lahn Lahn Valley can be crossed by the Lahn bridge (B 42), Rudi Geil Bridge between Ober- and Niederahnstein, the Lahn bridge Friedrichssegen and two railway bridges. Rhineships dock on in Oberlahnstein and Niederlahnstein Geography. Climate. The annual rainfall is 673 mm. The rainfall is  in the middle third of the recorded values in Germany. The driest month is February, the wettest June. In June fall 2.1 times more rainfall than in February. The rainfall varies moderately. History. Early history. Based on archeological evidence, settlement in Lahnstein dates to the Late Stone Age (4000 to 1800 BC), continuing through the Bronze Age and Iron Age. Around c. 369–370 AD, the Romans built a "burgus" (or watch tower) at the mouth of the Lahn on the site of present-day Niederlahnstein. It served the Rhine border fortifications and acted as a sentry for the fortress at  Koblenz (). It was this tower made of stone, which was called the "fortified house on the Lahn" () in the Middle Ages, that gave the town its name. Traces of the Roman "Limes Germanicus", the border fortifications built to safeguard the Empire from the Germanic tribes, still exist today about 8 km from the town in the Oberlahnstein city forest. Medieval history. In the Carolingian Empire, the Lahn formed the border between two provinces (or "gaus"). Niederlahnstein belonged to the Engersgau, while Oberlahnstein was part of the Rheingau. Around 900 AD, the Frankish Salhof of Oberlahnstein came into the possession of  the Archbishopric of Mainz. Under Archbishop Siegfried III of Eppstein, Mainz acquired the rest of town of Oberlahnstein in 1220. The documents also mention a nearby silver mine at a Diefendal Mountain. Siegfried had Lahneck Castle built in 1226 to protect these territories, which were Mainz's northernmost exclave (in religious matters, Oberlahnstein was under the Archbishopric of Trier). In 1298, Mainz built a customs castle on the Rhine in Oberlahnstein. In 1324 Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Bavarian gave Oberlahnstein town rights. The construction of the town fortifications dates to this time. In 1018, the Castle "Lohenstein/Logenstein/Lainstein  (the former Roman burgus) at Niederlahnstein came into the possession of the Archbishopric of Trier. Niederlahnstein received town rights in 1322. In 1348, the Archbishopric of Trier built a customs tower there on the Lahn. On 4 June, 1400, King Wenceslaus of Germany was called by the four Rhenish Prince-electors to appear before them in Oberlahnstein to answer charges of failing to maintain the public peace. Together with his overlord the Prince-Elector of Mainz, the Burggraf of Lahneck Castle, Friedrich of Nuremberg, hosted many of many delegates sent by the cities at the castle. When Wenceslaus failed to 	Lahnstein
9768957	appear, the electors declared him deposed in August 1400 on account of drunkenness and incompetence. In Rhens, the following day, Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, was elected the new King of the Romans". Modern era. Between 1632 and 1646, during the Thirty Years War, both towns experienced multiple occupations by Swedish, Imperial, Hessian and French troops. In 1688, Lahneck Castle was destroyed and burned by French troops. Between 1795 and 1800, during the French Revolutionary Wars, both towns again experienced multiple occupations by foreign troops (Austrians, Prussians, French and Russians). In the German mediatisation of 1803, Oberlahnstein came into  the possession of Nassau-Usingen, while Niederlahnstein fell to Nassau-Weilburg. In 1806, the independent Nassau principalities were united in the Duchy of Nassau. In the mid-19th century, under Nassau rule, Oberlahnstein became an important railway junction. In 1858, Nassau's Lahntal railway was built from Oberlahnstein to Bad Ems (and eventually Wetzlar). In 1860, a shipping port on the Rhine was built at Oberlahnstein. In 1862, the East Rhine railway from Wiesbaden to Oberlahnstein was built. In 1864, the East Rhine Railway of Nassau was connected to the Prussian State Railway at Koblenz through construction of a railway bridge  over the Lahn. In 1866, after the Austro-Prussian War, the Duchy of Nassau was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. The Nassau state railway was taken over by Prussia, and Oberlahnstein's role as a railway junction was largely transferred to the stations of Niederlahnstein and Koblenz Hauptbahnhof. In 1873, the first permanent traffic bridge over the Lahn between Oberlahnstein and Niederlahnstein was built. In 1875, the first Protestant church was opened in Oberlahnstein. In 1879 came the construction of the Hohenrhein Railway Bridge ("Kanonenbahn") and the new station in Niederlahnstein. In 1885 of the town rights of Niederlahnstein  (first awarded 1332) were renewed. After World War I, the towns were occupied by French troops from 1918 to 1929. In 1926/27, the New Lahn Bridge was built. In 1940, came the first aerial attacks on the town of World War II. The two Lahnsteins were 35% destroyed by bombing by the end of the war. From 1945 to 1956, the towns were occupied by American and later French troops. On 7 June 1969, Oberlahnstein and Niederlahnstein were united into the City of Lahnstein. History of wine. In 1258 a vineyard called "Koppelstein" was owned by the Counts of Katzenelnbogen . Historic places and visitor attractions. Friedrichssegen. This former mining village is situated about 5 km east of Lahnstein proper near the town of Frücht. In 2000, the Friedrichssegen Mine Workers Association opened a mining museum. The exhibits include historic photos of the mine (1905-1910) and over 40 displays of genuine Friedrichssegen minerals. Politics. Town council. Leadership. The mayor is the head of the institution "Stadtverwaltung Lahnstein". He implements the decisions of the council and is transferred to the state affairs (contract matters) responsible. He is manager and supervisor of the municipal officials. The current Lord Mayor of Lahnstein is  Lennart Siefert, elected in September 2021. He succeeded Peter Labonte (CDU). Parties. The distribution of seats in the town council () is as follows: Sport and leisure. Lahnstein offers a variety of climbing and hiking trails The new Rhine mountain trail from Bonn to Wiesbaden in traverses the district of Lahnstein on the health resort and the Ruppertsklamm. Oberlahnstein is on the trail of the Lahneck Castele connected to the Rheinsteig. This trail leads over Lahneck Castle and the Lahn bridge between Ober- and Niederlahnstein. This trail starts in Oberlahnstein and ends at the Lahneck Castle The Jakobsweg from Wetzlar to  Oberlahnstein ends at the hospital chapel, from where it continues towards Kaub on the Rhine-Camino