International court
International courts are formed by treaties between nations or under the authority of an international organization such as the United Nations and include "ad hoc" tribunals and permanent institutions but exclude any courts arising purely under national authority. Definition. An international court is an international organization, or a body of an international organization, that hears cases in which one party may be a state or international organization (or body thereof), and which is composed of independent judges who follow predetermined rules of procedure to issue binding decisions on the basis of international law. History. Early examples of international  courts include the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals established in the aftermath of World War II. Several such international courts are presently located in The Hague in the Netherlands, most importantly the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the International Criminal Court (ICC). Further international courts exist elsewhere, usually with their jurisdiction restricted to a particular country, a global or regional intergovernmental or supranational organisation, or historic issue, such as the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda that deals with the genocide in Rwanda. In addition to international tribunals created to address crimes committed during genocides and civil war, "ad hoc" courts  and tribunals combining international and domestic strategies have also been established on a situational basis. Examples of these “hybrid tribunals” are the Special Court for Sierra Leone, Special Tribunal for Lebanon, Special Panels of the Dili District Court in East Timor, and the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. Privileges and immunities. Judges and high-level staff of such courts may be afforded diplomatic immunity if their governing authority allows.