George Holden (politician)
George Kenyon Holden, (1808 – 16 April 1874) was an Australian businessman, banker and politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1856 to 1861 and from 1861 to 1863. A correspondent of John Stuart Mill, Holden was inspired to propose proportional representation to parliament in 1861 and was one of the first politicians in the world to do so. Holden was a Crown Prosecutor. He became a trustee of the New South Wales Savings Bank, a director of the Liverpool and London Fire and Life Insurance Company, the chairman of the National  Schools Board, and president of the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts. He was otherwise a pioneering environmentalist and a founding member of the Acclimatisation Society of New South Wales. Family. He was born in Worcester, England to Adam Holden and Maria (née Gillam). His daughter Mary Jane married another New South Wales politician and businessman, John Brown Watt; their third son was Ernest Alexander Stuart Watt (1874-1954), whose daughter Susan Gai Watt married into the Street dynasty by wedding Sir Laurence Whistler Street. Holden died at Darlinghurst in 1874. Law. Holden studied law and became a solicitor, migrating to  New South Wales in 1831. He was private secretary to Governor Sir Richard Bourke during his term (1831–37), and was also a stipendiary magistrate at Campbelltown. In 1837 he became Crown Prosecutor in the Quarter Sessions, and in 1838 he began private practice as a solicitor. Politics. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council from 1856 to 1861 and from 1861 to 1863. Holden was inspired by John Stuart Mill to advocate a proportional representation electoral system using the Hare quota, as had been recommended by Mill in their letters. He made the proposal to parliament  in 1861. An active member of parliament, Holden was secretary of the Law Commission between 1848 and 1850. Education. In 1849, Holden was appointed to the Board of National Education, remaining until 1867 when it was replaced by the Council of Education. During his tenure, Holden also served as the chairman of the National Schools Board until 1865. His interest in education, as with land title reform, was likely rooted in his time as Governor Bourke's private secretary, as Bourke had been an advocate of public education in New South Wales. Environmentalism. In 1861, he was a founding member  of the Acclimatisation Society of New South Wales. The Society's aim was the introduction, acclimatisation and domestication of 'useful or ornamental' birds, fish, insects, vegetables and other exotic species. Among other species discussed and introduced by the Society during the 1860s were alpacas, sunflowers, watercress and pheasants. The society was also active in importing Australian species into New South Wales and Sydney, including Murray cod in 1864. During this period, the Acclimatisation Society also erected a number of cages in the Sydney Botanic Gardens in which they kept a collection of introduced birds such as pheasants, blackbirds and thrushes , which acted as part storage aviary and part exotic zoo.