Le Creuset
Le Creuset (, meaning "the crucible") is a premium French cookware manufacturer best known for its colourfully-enameled cast-iron cookware "French ovens", also known as "cocottes" or "coquelles" and "sauce pans" or "casseroles" (in French). The company also makes many other types of cookware and bakeware, from fondue-sets to tagines. History. Le Creuset was founded in Fresnoy-le-Grand, Aisne, Picardy at the crossroads of transportation routes for iron, coke, and sand. Armand De Saegher (a Belgian casting specialist) and Octave Aubecq (a Belgian enamelling specialist) opened the foundry in 1925. That same year, the first (or  French oven) was produced, laying the foundation for what is now an extensive range of cookware and kitchen utensils. Flame (orange), was used for the first piece. During World War II, Le Creuset began to focus on continually improving cast iron. In the 1950s the designer Raymond Loewy introduced a futuristic type of cookware. In 1957, Le Creuset purchased a competitor, Les Hauts Fourneaux de Cousances, and began producing items such as a grill and a fondue set. The cookery writer Elizabeth David, promoted Mediterranean cooking in the UK and was a Le Creuset promoter, particularly in her 1969 booklet  'Cooking with Le Creuset'. One of the colours of blue in the cookware range was created for her The current Le Creuset logo was introduced in 1970 as a symbolic representation of metal casting and moulding. In the 1970s Enzo Mari designed distinctive Dutch ovens and saucepans with domed lids and typical handles. In the 1980s JC Barrault's "Futura" line was launched. The company was purchased by Paul van Zuydam in 1988. In 1995, Le Creuset began exploring new product categories: stainless steel, stoneware, silicone, enamel on steel, textiles and forged hard-anodized aluminium. Le Creuset offers a variety  of colours, from bright (e.g. cherry, a gradated red) to muted (e.g. dune, a gradated off-white). Its discontinued colours include cobalt (gradated blue-violet), black onyx (solid black), kiwi (gradated light green), as well as slate, granite, cactus, and citron. In addition to their standard colors, Le Creuset partners with major kitchenware retail brands such as Williams-Sonoma and Sur La Table to offer unique "exclusive" colors which are only available for purchase through their respective stores. Le Creuset kitchenware gained new fans amongst users of social media in 2020 as a high value designer brand. Production. To manufacture  their cast-iron cookware, the Le Creuset foundry uses standard sand casting methods. After hand finishing, items are sprayed with at least two coats of enamel. The enamel becomes resistant to damage during normal use. Currently, all Le Creuset cast-iron cookware is still manufactured in the company's foundry in Fresnoy-le-Grand. The process was featured in UK TV programme BBC Two Inside the Factory. Le Creuset products that are not cast-iron may be made in other countries, such as China (accessories or silicone products), Thailand (kettles and ceramics), England (enamel cleaner), Portugal (stainless steel), and Swaziland  (clay pots).