Kalikoqu
The Kalikoqu is a tribe in the Roviana Lagoon, on the southern side of New Georgia in the Solomon Islands. Currently, in the Roviana Lagoon, the larger tribal polities are the chief districts of Saikile and Kalikoqu. The Kalikoqu originally lived in the eastern side of Nusa Roviana in the western Roviana Lagoon. The Kalikoqu had their own property rights of land and sea by intermarrying each other to share kinship relationships. However, the British colonized there in the late 19th century, and British military destroyed their traditional societies. All the tribes moved to the inner lagoon and became  fused as a new enclave called Kalikoqu (P. 8). History. There were distinct tribes Taghosaghe, Lio Zuzuloqo, Vuragare, and Koloi people who inhabited the Roviana Lagoon and the coast of the New Georgia mainland in the nineteenth century. In September 1891 the British naval warship HMS "Royalist" punished villages following a murder of Uki Island trader Fred Howard; the sailors shot some of the men who were believed to be the leaders, set fire to the villages and destroyed canoes. The tribal groups moved east, toward the Roviana Lagoon. Afterwards, British administrators, missionaries, and traders exchanged European goods, such as  food, weapons, and ornaments with islanders to promote political powers and networks of both the British and Roviana chiefs. Also, islanders exchanged shell valuables, such as rings, called "poata" with the Europeans. Additionally, another newly emerged Saikile tribe was comprised by Nusa Roviana settlers, Roviana-Kazukuru, Kalena Bay, Hoava, Hoeze, Taghosaghe, and Marovo people that inhabited the eastern side of the Roviana Lagoon until the late nineteenth century. Church missions are another important factors altering the traditional beliefs and the tenure pragmatics of Saikile and Kalikoqu people in Roviana. Roviana inhabitants mostly believe in the Christian Fellowship Church (CFC) that  was established in 1961 as the first independent church of the Solomon Islands. This plays a role in an indigenous religious secessionist movement and became mixed with traditional beliefs. The church runs its own schools and works on projects to exploit logging and cocoa plantations. Society. For a long time, these groups shared kinship and established the rules of each chief through tribal intermarriage between the inland groups of Kazukuru, Taghosaghe, Lio Zuzuloqo and Hoava with the coastal groups of Vuragare and Koloi. In pre-colonial time, tribal movements of the Roviana polity empowered chiefs called "bangara" and gave them  great authority over land and sea territories. The chief could have direct “ownership” of these territories by means of entitlements for resource. To avoid future conflicts, the chief made a responsible for shared land and sea with trusteeship called "kinopu." Each of his three grandchildren was apportioned an entitlement domain in order to exploit forested land, the reefs, and islands. Today, in spite of the loss of the intermarriage to exchange lineages for identifying each tribe, the Kalikoque and Saikle polities still have socio-political dominance over land and sea in New Georgia Island and the lagoon barrier islands. These  two systems historically remain the centralization of chiefly power and the composition of the Roviana kinship system. The Roviana kinship system still connects individuals to multiple kin groups in order to allow the advantages of land and sea entitlements. The significant portions of people between land and sea territories entrusts chiefs with trusteeship or "kinopu". This enables fishers to have chiefly access to different sea territories and join with competing groups to utilize their tenure rights for territorial extension. Moreover, the CFC church also can persuade chiefs to barter with the church for valuable objects, such as shell rings, by  controlling its members in terms of resource management (1999, p. 437). This prevailing exchange system causes chiefs to monopolize economic and political power.