Dolichoderus
Dolichoderus is a genus of ants found worldwide. Taxonomy. The ants of the Neotropical genus "Monacis" were revised in 1959 by Kempf. However, Brown in 1973 and G. C. Wheeler and J. Wheeler in 1973 and 1976 considered both "Monacis" and "Hypoclinea" to be junior synonyms of "Dolichoderus". Description. The type species is "Dolichoderus attelaboides". Worker ants in this genus have a body length that is typically about four millimetres and can be recognised by their thick, inflexible and strongly sculptured integument. There is a flange on the underside of the head near the base of the mandibles which  is saw-like in some species. The longitudinal suture in the central plate of the metathorax is deeply impressed. The propodeum or first abdominal segment has the posterior face distinctly concave when viewed from the side. The gaster and alitrunk are separated by a single segment, the petiole. The orifice of the cloaca is a horizontal slit rather than a circular opening. It is surrounded by a few rather stiff erect bristles. Distribution. Members of this genus are found worldwide, in all the continents except Antarctica. Biology. Colonies are of varying sizes and are constructed in the soil, in curled  leaves, in the hollow stems of plants and in cartons which are formed by the ants chewing wood and mixing the product with secretions in a similar way to that used by wasps to build their nests. Some species are very versatile with "Dolichoderus pustulatus" nesting underground in northern parts of the United States while living wholly in trees in the south. The workers seek out and tend sap-sucking insects such as aphids and scale insects that excrete honeydew and they also feed on small arthropods. Some species emit a pungent smelling fluid. Two species, "Dolichoderus plagiatus" and "Dolichoderus  taschenbergi", are believed to be polygynous with several queens in one nest. It is also possible that "D. taschenbergi" may be a temporary social parasite with "D. plagiatus" as host.