Deutz AG
Deutz AG is a German internal combustion engine manufacturer, based in Porz, Cologne, Germany. History. The company was founded by Nicolaus Otto, the inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, and his partner Eugen Langen on 31 March 1864, as N. A. Otto & Cie, later renamed to Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz after moving operations in 1869 from Cologne to Deutz, located on the opposite side of the Rhine, also called "the wrong side" in Cologne. In the early years, Otto and Langen were only interested in production of stationary engines, not automobiles. The technical director, Gottlieb Daimler, was  eager to produce automobiles. In the middle of the 1870s, it was suggested that he transfer to the company's St. Petersburg factory to reduce his influence. He resigned, taking Wilhelm Maybach with him. Deutz also produced agricultural machines such as combine harvesters and tractors, as well as commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses. In 1884 Edouard Sarazin, a Belgian patents lawyer and pioneer of automotive engineering, represented 'Gasmotorenfabrik Otto & Langen' (Deutz AG) and acquired the licence to build Deutz engines in France, which he duly contracted to Perin, Panhard & Cie (later Panhard et Levassor) in Paris. Around 1886/7  he similarly acquired licences to build Daimler engines. His untimely death in 1887 left his widow Louise to develop the business relationships and complete the partnership negotions. Famous people who have worked for Deutz include Eugen Langen, Nicolaus Otto, Gottlieb Daimler (from 1872 until 1880), Wilhelm Maybach (from 1872 until 1880), Prosper L'Orange (from 1904 until October 1908), Ettore Bugatti (in 1907), and Robert Bosch. During World War II, the company was ordered to produce artillery and operated under the name Klöckner Humboldt Deutz AG (KHD). The factory was almost destroyed by an air raid on the night of the  3rd and 4th of July 1943 (→ Bombing of Cologne in WW II). From 1892 to 1970 Deutz built locomotives in the power range from 4 HP to 2000 HP; until 1927 with gasoline engines, from 1927 increasingly with diesel engine drive . Commercial vehicles powered by Deutz engines were popular from 1960 to 1980. Fire engines build by "Magirus" in Ulm, Southern Germany, used an M-shaped logo, with the steeple of the world's tallest church, the Ulm Minster, in its center. After the Magirus-Deutz merger, the company continued to use this logo even though the twin towers  of the Cologne Cathedral can be seen from the company headquarters. Deutz's head office is in the Porz district of Cologne and, as of 2004, was manufacturing liquid and air-cooled diesel engines. The larger engines in the Deutz range were manufactured in Mannheim, at a production facility that once belonged to Süddeutsche Bremsen-AG as MWM-Diesel. Deutz also has production facilities in other countries, including Spain, and a joint venture production facility in China. After Deutz took over, the plant specialised in marine engines. This facility now produces engines for marine and power generation which can run  on either fuel oils or fuel gases (including landfill gas). In 1995 Deutz sold its agricultural machinery division – Deutz-Fahr – to the Italian company SAME, forming SAME Deutz-Fahr. The engines. Deutz engines are available in the power range 4 to 500 kW, with air, oil or water cooling and with life expectancy of 20,000 and 30,000 running hours TBO (Time Between Overhauling) on rebuilt and brand-new units. Parts and service are available worldwide. In the United States and Canada, a network of distributors was established a few years ago, providing parts and service in North America. Deutz-powered  air-cooled machines are well-suited for many applications since they cannot freeze or boil-over during normal operation. Deutz also manufactures oil-cooled engines. These can provide the same power as other engine designs, but in a smaller package, since they don't require the additional space to house a radiator. Deutz also makes engines with a tandem oil cooler/radiator configuration; these also do not require antifreeze or coolant agents. Deutz also has line of economical liquid-cooled engines. In 2007, the "Deutz Power Systems" division was sold to 3i, and Deutz AG now concentrates on producing  and selling compact engines under the Deutz brand only. They are focusing on manufacturing engines only for the customer, without competing for the entire piece of finished machinery. On October 1 2008, the former "Deutz Power Systems" division received a new, old, name MWM (Motoren Werke Mannheim AG). The company traces its roots to Karl Benz, who set up the foundations of the company in 1871. After splitting the engine business off from Benz AG, it became Motoren-Werke Mannheim AG. Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG took over in 1985, later becoming Deutz AG. After spinning off Deutz Power Systems, the  company has made a full circle back to MWM. In 2012, SAME Deutz-Fahr sold a majority of its holding in Deutz AG to Volvo, selling more than 22 million shares. This put Volvo's ownership at just over 25%, and made them the largest share-holder. SAME Deutz-Fahr retained 8.4% equity in the company. In 2017, Deutz acquired Torqeedo GmbH, specialist for integrated electric and hybrid drives for boats. In the same year, Volvo sold all of its ownership stakes in Deutz. Former business. Locomotive and wagon construction (1892-1970). Until the 1950s, only small locomotives (e.g. light  rail locomotives) were produced. After the interest group formed in 1953 with the United Westdeutsche Waggonfabriken AG (Westwaggon) and their final takeover in 1959, KHD was also able to build large bogie diesel locomotives. Other types of construction for industrial and private railways were also produced between 1959 and 1970, including: