Suzanne Noël
Suzanne Blanche Gros Noël (1878–1954), also known as Madame Noël, was one of the world’s first plastic surgeons and the first female plastic surgeon in the world. She was known for her efficient face lift technique, the “petite operation.” Noël was also a very active feminist, a philosophy which was considered radical for a practicing cosmetic surgeon. She is the founder of Soroptimist International of Europe (SIE) and had a career spanning from 1916 to 1950. At the outbreak of the war in 1914, without having been able to defend her doctoral thesis, like all the interns , Suzanne Gros was allowed to practise medicine in the city. She then joined Professor Morestin at the Val-de-Grâce military hospital in Paris. In 1916, she trained in the techniques of reparative and corrective surgery. From there, under extremely precarious conditions, she participates in the war effort by operating on the “broken mouths”, the wounded in the face. Early life. Born on January 19, 1878 in Laon, France, Suzanne was the only child of a wealthy family. At the age of nineteen, she married Henri Pertat, a physician nine years her senior. In 1905, she started taking medical classes  in order to work with her husband. She did well in her studies and in 1912 passed the "Internat des Hospitaux de Paris" after the birth of her daughter. She was the fourth of sixty-seven students to pass this exam. In 1919, her first husband, Henri Pertat, died and Noёl married a fellow dermatology student, André Noёl. Their marriage was short-lived. After the death of her daughter, André Noёl threw himself into Seine River in front of Suzanne. Surgical career. Noёl developed an interest in cosmetic surgery when she saw that the French actress Sara Bernhardt, who was  over sixty years in age, had returned from a trip "looking rather rejuvenated" in 1912. Noёl began to experiment with pinching her skin to see if she could acquire the same effect. She later moved to experimenting on anaesthetized rabbits. When she started her practice in 1916, Noël was allowed to treat wounded soldiers for facial surgeries during World War I. She received training on how to operate on disfiguring scars and the rejuvenation of wrinkled faces. Since most of the hospitals did not want to have a doctor who specialized only in cosmetic surgery, she decided to set up  a clinic in her home. Her practice was limited to minor surgeries such as face lifts and eyelid corrections. Her famous "petite operation" was a technique in which she would make small invisible incisions along the hairline, before suturing just enough skin to fabricate tension without excising any underlying tissue. She became well-known for drawing "world-renowned persons of the fashion world and of the European aristocracy" to her clinic. At the onset of World War II, she gave up her private practice at home and moved to practice at the Clinique des Bluets in Paris. In Paris she  began doing bolder surgeries such as reshaping the breasts, slimming the abdomen and arms, excising fat from the legs and eliminating wrinkles in the hand by injecting a sclerosing solution into the blood vessels. Noël's concern for her patient's well-being extended beyond surgery as she would make incisions behind the hairline or dye the bandage to match their hair color. She would even suggest changing one's hairstyle or buying a new hat so they wouldn't have to explain what happened to friends and family who were unaware of the surgery. In 1926, she wrote a  plastic surgery handbook that was read widely. She was awarded the Legion of Honor from the Foreign Office for being a "doctor of unusual skill." This was a stepping stone for all female surgeons as it was a time when women were struggling to get a foothold in the medical field. Noёl also believed in a woman’s right to vote; she even compared a woman's right to vote to their right to change an "ugly face" or "humiliating body." She believed that every woman should be able to have a youthful appearance and be able to choose their  own destiny as they see fit. In an attempt to gain this right, she organized a strike on paying taxes as she believed people should not pay taxes for the things outside of their control. Soroptimism. In 1923, Noël became interested in Soroptimism, a movement for professional women. In 1924, she set up one of the first of these clubs in Europe, in Paris. She went on to found chapters in ten other European capitals, and in 1930 became the first president of the European Federation, traveling globally in support of Soroptimism until the end of her life. After her  death, a fund in her name was established within the SIE. The main purpose of this fund is said to be covering the cost of continuing education for women physicians who are interested in plastic and reconstructive surgery.