Landesstraße
Landesstraßen (singular: Landesstraße) are roads in Germany and Austria that are, as a rule, the responsibility of the respective German or Austrian federal state. The term may therefore be translated as "state road". They are roads that cross the boundary of a rural or urban district ("Landkreis" or "Kreisfreie Stadt"). A "Landesstraße" is thus less important than a "Bundesstraße" or federal road, but more significant than a "Kreisstraße" or district road. The classification of a road as a "Landesstraße" is a legal matter ("Widmung"). In the free states of Bavaria and Saxony – but not, however, in the Free State  of Thuringia – "Landesstraßen" are known as "Staatsstraßen". Designation. The abbreviation for a "Landesstraße" consists of a prefixed capital letter "L" and a serial number (e. g. L 1, L 83, L 262 or L 3190). "Staatsstraßen" in Saxony are similarly abbreviated using a capital "S" (e. g. S 190) and the "Staatsstraßen" in Bavaria are prefixed with the letters "St" (e. g. St 2108). The kilometrage is shown on white signs by the roadside with black letters, known as location signs ("Stationszeichen"), that replace the former kilometre stones. The beginning and end of a "Landesstraße" is specified using so-called  hub ("Netzknoten") numbers. That makes its location unambiguous, which is important for rapid assistance when there is an accident, for example. The hub numbers are displayed on the upper part of the sign and also indicate their direction. In the example in the photograph, therefore No. 6608 039 is left of the sign 6608 023 to the right. In the bottom right-hand corner of the sign can be seen the so-called "Stationierungsrichtung" or direction of signage. It runs in the example from right to left and indicates in which direction the road kilometres are counted. In Lower Saxony , this new system has been in place since 2007 and divides the "Landestraßen" into sections numbered 10, 20, etc. The location signs ("Stationszeichen") comprise two panels. The location panel ("Stationierungstafel") displays the name of the state ("Niedersachsen") and county letters (e.g. "Kreis WF") at the top, and the road letter and number below (e.g. "L 627"). The classification panel ("Klassifizierungstafel") shows the section number, kilometrage and direction of the start hub (e.g. "10 Abschnitt" and "2,0 → 0,0"). The letters "OD" indicate a location post within a town or village and may be displayed in places other than on a  white post. By the end of 2008, almost all the 8,000 kilometre posts on Lower Saxony's "Landesstraßen" had been replaced. Properties. In terms of their construction, "Landesstraßen" tend to be built to a lesser standard than "Bundesstraßen" and their cross-section is generally smaller. In individual cases, however, the standard of construction may vary depending on when it was built and its importance as a route. However, Landesstraßen can be built as limited-access dual carriageways in densely populated areas. Due to the division of funding, the federal states usually try to get the more substantial "Landesstraßen" officially designated  as "Bundesstraßen", so that their subsequent improvement and maintenance is funded from the Federal budget. The "Bundesstraßen" are, however, intended as links between cities (major centres) and radiate from them. It is not usually possible to have concentric roads, which link the satellite towns with one another, designated as "Bundesstraßen". Similarly, it is difficult to transfer responsibility for the short stub roads running from cities to nearby motorways to the Federal Authorities. Situation in the new federal states. Following German reunification the "Bezirksstraßen" of the GDR (also called Category 1 "Landstraßen") were generally classified as "Landesstraßen" without consideration for their  condition. This leads to a wide range of road types falling within this category. On the one hand, there are inter-city roads which have been modernised to a good quality standard. On the other hand, due to the austere design of the country road network in the GDR (e. g. occasionally one of two parallel roads or, where they were of low traffic importance, the links between them were simply allowed to fall into disrepair) there are today in the new federal states several "unpaved roads" and dirt tracks that are formally "Landesstraßen" (e. g. the L 208 between  Burkersroda and Balgstädt in Saxony-Anhalt or the L 1062 between Wittersroda and Lengefeld in Thuringia). The upgrade of these roads is unlikely in view of the lack of funding and their low importance; in most cases attempts are being made to have their status downgraded. Situation in Austria. In Austria today all important roads, apart from autobahns and "Schnellstraßen" (limited-access roads) managed by the publicly owned ASFiNAG corporation, are called "Landesstraßen". Since 2002, even the former "Bundesstraßen" national highways are "Landesstraßen", because they were placed under the responsibility of the federal states. Before 2002 there were two types  of "Bundesstraße": Except in Vorarlberg, the former "Bundesstraßen" continue to be designated with the prefix "B". The remaining "Landesstraßen" are prefixed with the letter "L". On traffic signs the prefixes are usually not used, unlike the "A" (for "Autobahn") and "S" ("Schnellstraße"). Roads numbered with fewer digits are generally of more importance in the road network. The former designation of more important "Landesstraßen" in several states as "Landeshauptstraßen" ("LH", in Vienna: "Hauptstraßen A") is only occasionally seen now on road and street maps.