Chiayi
Chiayi (, Taigi POJ: "Ka-gī"; ), officially known as Chiayi City, is a city located in the plains of southwestern Taiwan. Formerly called "Kagee" during the late Qing dynasty and "Kagi" during the Japanese era (), its historical name is "Tirosen". History. Early history. First inhabited by the Hoanya aborigines, the region was named Tirosen (variants "Tirocen", "Tiracen"). With the arrival of Han Chinese immigrants in southwestern Taiwan, the name evolved to become "Tsulosan" () in Hokkien. Eventually, Tsulosan was shortened to simply Tsulo. Because of the choice of the characters, it has been mistakenly suggested that the origin of the name  came from the expression "mountains surrounding the east". "Peach City" is another name for Chiayi City due to its peach-shaped territory in ancient times. The tip of the peach is around Central Fountain and was called "Peach-tip" by citizens. Tsulosan was once the foothold to which people from the mainland immigrated. In 1621, , who came from Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, first led his people to cultivate this land after they landed at "Ponkan" (modern-day Beigang). Dutch Formosa. Records from the Dutch era show Tirosen as the usual form of the name; it also occurred as "Tirassen", "Tirozen", "Tilocen , Tilossen", "Tilocen", and "Thilocen". The place was north of Mattau (modern-day Madou, Tainan) and south of Favorlang (Huwei, Yunlin). Kingdom of Tungning. In 1661 (the 15th year of Yung-Li, Ming dynasty), Koxinga defeated the Dutch based in Taiwan and founded the Kingdom of Tungning. He established one province, , and two counties, and , demarcated by the Hsin-Kang River (, now the Yanshui River). Chiayi was under the jurisdiction of the Tien-Hsing County. Qing dynasty. In 1683, when Qing rule began, the island was governed as Taiwan Prefecture under the administration of Fujian Province. In 1684, Tsulo County was  established and initially encompassed the underdeveloped northern two-thirds of Taiwan. (Taiwan and Hongsoa counties were divided from Wan-Nien County during the Kingdom of Tungning, which was changed from Tien-Hsing County.) In 1704, the county seat was moved to Tsulosan, the site of modern-day Chiayi City, and had wooden city walls. In 1727, the county magistrate, Liu Liang-Bi rebuilt the gatehouses and set a gun platform for each gatehouse. The four gatehouses were named: "Chin Shan" () for East, "Tai Hai" () for West, "Chung Yang" () for South, and "Kung Chen" () for North. In 1734 (the 12th year  of Yongzheng), magistrate Lu-Hung built piercing-bamboo to better protect the city. In 1786, the Lin Shuangwen rebellion was an attempt to siege Tsulosan but failed to overcome the defense of the inhabitants. Consequently, on November 3 of the next year, the Qing Emperor conferred the name Kagee (; ) to praise the citizens' loyalty. In the mid-1800s, a custom of annual riotous mass stoning developed in the city. In 1887, a separate Taiwan Province was declared and the island was administratively divided into four prefectures; the city of Kagee belonged to Tainan Prefecture. Japanese rule. In 1895, Taiwan was ceded  to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The 1906 Meishan earthquake devastated the entire city wall except the Eastern Gate. The Japanese authorities reconstructed the city. Industries and trades started to flourish. According to the census taken in 1904, Kagi was the fourth most populous city in Taiwan, with a population of over twenty thousand. The Great Kagi earthquake (later also known as the 1906 Meishan earthquake) struck the city in mid March 1906. In 1907, the construction of Alishan Forest Railway to Mount Ali was begun. In 1920, the city became an autonomous group as , Kagi District, within Tainan  Prefecture, which included modern-day Tainan City, Chiayi County and Yunlin County. In 1930, the town was upgraded to an autonomous city under the same prefecture. Republic of China. After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in October 1945, Chiayi City was established as a provincial city of Taiwan Province. The city consisted of 8 districts, which were Bajiang, Beimen, Beizhen, Nanmen, Tungmen, Tungshan, Ximen and Zhuwei Districts. In 1946, the districts was reorganized to 6 districts in which Bajiang and Nanmen were merged to become Xinnan, Beimen and Beizhen were merged to become Xinbei , Tungmen and Tungshan were merged to become Xindong, Ximen and Zhuwei were merged to become Xinxi District and there were 2 addition of districts from Tainan County which were Shuishang and Taibao Districts. Chiayi saw some of the most violent events during the 228 Incident. In early March, local militas surrounded the Shueishang Airport and fought against the KMT military. There were over 300 casualties. On 12 March 1947, negotiators for peace, including Tan Teng-pho and , were arrested after arriving at the airport and were executed on 25 March. The Kuomintang also executed many civilians in Chiayi. On 16  August 1950, because of the re-allocation of administrative areas in which Taiwan was divided into 16 counties, five provincial cities and a special bureau, Chiayi City was downgraded to a county-administered city and merged with Chiayi County to be the county seat. As a result, a shortage of capital hindered its development. On 1 July 1982, Chiayi City was elevated again to a provincial city as a result of pressure from local elites. On 6 October 1990, the East District and West District were established. Geography. Chiayi City is located on the north side of Chianan Plain, south  west of Taiwan Island. On the east side is the Mount Ali, on the west side is the Chiayi Airport, on the north side is the Puzi River and on the south side is the Bazhang River. The distance from east to west of Chiayi City is and from north to south is with a total area of . Chiayi City is completely surrounded by Chiayi County. Most of Chiayi City land are broad flat fertile plains. The terrain slowly rises from west to east. Chiayi is also one of the closest Taiwanese cities to the Tropic of Cancer, with the  latitudinal line lying just south of the city. Climate. Chiayi City has a warm humid subtropical climate (Köppen "Cwa"). Northeasterly winds during fall and winter mean that rainfall is depressed during that time, while southwesterly winds during summer and the later portion of spring bring most of the year's rainfall, with more than 60% falling from June to August. Humidity is high year-round, even during winter. Government. Chiayi City is a provincial city of Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. The city is governed by the Chiayi City Government, while the residence is represented in the Chiayi  City Council. The current Mayor of Chiayi City is Huang Min-hui of the Kuomintang. Administrative divisions. Chiayi City is divided into two districts. East District is the city seat which houses the Chiayi City Government. Politics. Chiayi City voted one Democratic Progressive Party legislator to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2016 Taiwanese general election. It has historically been a very pan-Green city. During the martial law era, most people of Chiayi supported tangwai politicians. However, the voting gap between the DPP and the KMT has narrowed in recent years. Demographics. Chiayi city is a 100% purely  ethnic Hokkien inhabited city. Energy. Green energy. On 17 December 2015, Chiayi City Government launched a program to set up solar panels at schools and offices in the city to reduce green house gases. The program is expected to produce 3.55 million kWh of electricity annually and to help reducing carbon emission by 1,700 tonnes. Tourist attractions. Chiayi is the city of wind music in Taiwan. The wind music festival started as a local event in 1988, when it was more like a joint performance by local wind music bands. Over the years the festival has become the most anticipated  annual event in Chiayi. Sports. Major sporting events held by Chiayi include: International relations. Twin towns — sister cities. Chiayi is twinned with: Transportation. Rail. Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Station and Jiabei Station of the Taiwan Railways Administration. Chiayi Station is the starting point for the Alishan Forest Railway. The city is also accessible from THSR Chiayi Station in Chiayi County. Bus. Chiayi Bus Rapid Transit connects Chiayi City to THSR Chiayi Station in the neighboring Taibao City. Chiayi City Bus serves the urban areas of Chiayi City. Air. Chiayi City is served by Chiayi Airport in the neighboring  Shuishang Township. In popular culture. Chiayi City and its street foods were featured on the Netflix TV series, "Street Food", in season 1.