Zaqatala Governorate
Zaqatala Governorate () — was an administrative division of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 1918 to 1920. Background. After the collapse of the Russian Empire, 3 states at once claimed the former Zakatal Okrug - the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Created on March 20, 1917, the Zagatala District Executive Committee, which possessed practically all power in the region, prevented Georgia from establishing control over the district. On June 26, taking into account the impassable mountains between the Mountain Republic and the Okrug, the Zaqatala National Council, in view of the fact that “"in terms of culture, economy , lifestyle, religion, as well as industry and language, Zagatala is of the same origin with Azerbaijan"” on the entry of the Zaqatala district into Azerbaijan as a province. On the same day, according to the official chronology, the Zaqatala governorate of the Azerbaijan was created. On June 30, Zagatala district became the third (after Elisavetpol Governorate and Baku Governorate) governorate of Azerbaijan with 3,992.54 square kilometres of area. Its first governor was a Sunni Kumyk – Aliyar bek Hashimbekov. However, the territorial dispute did not end, for example, according to Georgian laws, the Zaqatala district was considered an integral part of  Georgia. From October 25 to November 2, 1919, a commission was operating to establish temporary boundaries between the Zaqatala province and the Signagi district of Georgia. The parties came to an agreement to resolve all issues exclusively by peaceful means. History. On February 17, 1919, the Zaqatala province was judicially subordinated to the Ganja district court. On February 2, 1920, a male teachers' seminary was established in Zaqatala. The "Lezghi regiment", created by the Avars at the beginning of 1918 and transferred under the command of Aliaga Shikhlinsky on February 22 and was renamed the "Zaqatala regiment". The regiment participated  in the Battle of Baku, in the Karabakh battles and the Zangezur offensive in November 1919 during Armenian-Azerbaijani War. The main population of the governorate were Sunnis in opposition to the rest of Azerbaijan which were Shia. So in 1918, the Ahrar party was created in Baku, representing the interests of the Zaqatala province and the Sunnis in general. The representative of the party Aslan-bek Kardashev from April 14 to December 22, 1919, was the Minister of Agriculture of Azerbaijan. The party's print organ was the newspaper "El", published in the Azerbaijani language. The region was represented  by 8 deputies in the parliament. Aliyar bek Hashimbekov's tenure was filled with disturbances and rivalries. Especially there was a tension with Georgian border guards. His successor Mammad bek Shahmaliyev thought that armed conflict was inevitable. Georgian border guards captured Mazımçay border post very easily in September. During his tenure as governor, he often took leave for various reasons and did not take the necessary steps to protect the province. As a result, he was sacked from the post in January 1920. The Ahrar reached its zenith when a member of the party – ethnic Avar, Bahadur Khan Malachikhanov was  appointed as the new governor on January 16, 1920. In his new position, Malachikhanov actively contributed to ending civil strife between Azerbaijanis and Armenians in the region. In his first address to the population, the new head of the district demanded an end to various kinds of confrontation, maintain calm and warned that with any changes in the socio-political life of Azerbaijan, the current government will continue to lead the Zaqatala district. During his short term as Governor-General, he prevented several bloody tragedies. Governorate was abolished after Soviet takeover of Azerbaijan. On May 7, 1920, a few days  after the Sovietization of Azerbaijan, Soviet Russia signed the Moscow Treaty with Georgia, in which it recognized the former Zakatala District as the territory of Georgia in exchange for the Georgian government's refusal to obstruct the activities of the Communist Party of Georgia. Nevertheless, in June 1920, at a meeting with Kirov, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia stated that the territory of the district was still controlled by the Azerbaijani Soviet troops. Demographics. Address-calendar of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 1920. The Address-calendar of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 1920 which used data from  the 1917 Caucasian Calendar (which produced statistics of 1916) indicates 92,608 residents in the Zakatal Governorate, including 48,323 men and 44,285 women, 86,128 of whom were the permanent population, and 6,480 were temporary residents.