Kedar (raga)
Raga Kedar, also known as Kedara, is a Hindustani classical raga. Named after Lord Shiva, the raga occupies a high pedestal in Indian classical music. It is characterised by many melodious turns. This raga is the repetition of the swaras सा and म. It is generally accepted that it displays much thermal energy and is regarded as the Raagini of Raag Deepak. While preceding from Shuddha Madhyam (m) to Pancham (P), a touch of Gandhar (G) or a smooth passage from Gandhar (G) to Pancham (P) expressed as m G P is the more common way of instant  raga manifestation. Origin. The raga emerges from the Kalyan thaat. This raga is named after Lord Shiva and is loved by Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna played this raga on his flute and everyone in Gokul was mesmerized. Technical description. The raga is of "shaadava-sampurna" nature, i.e., in its arohana (ascent), only six notes are used, and in avarohana (descent), all seven notes are used. In general, the progression of the raga is highly non-linear, which makes it difficult to capture its essence using "arohana" and "avarohana". The raga uses only natural ("shuddha") versions of the Second (R), Third  (G) and Sixth (D), both natural and sharp (') versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively "( m- , M- )" and predominantly natural versions of the Seventh (N) but occasionally also its flat (') version (n). ( m- , M- ) "both natural and sharp" ("") versions of the Fourth (m and M, respectively) Arohana: S M, M'P D M , D N S` Avarohana: S' N D P, m P D P M~ , S R S Pakad: S M, M P, m P m P, D P M, R S The notes of the raga are s r g m (m is ) p d n s.  The most prominent (vadi) note is m, and the second most prominent (samvadi) is S. Samay. The raga is to be sung at night. It is sung in the first "prahar" of night. Most ragas with "" ma (M) are sung at night (as per the time theory of ragas). Further information. The meend from D to M via P is the heart of the raga. This phrase is repeated again and again. The G is used as a grace note in the transition from m to P. The movements in the raga from one ' to another are complicated, and the  extent of use of the different ' often depends on the singer. Kedar is one of five ragas that form the Kalyan Panchak or Panchya with Hameer, Gaud Sarang, Kamod, Chhayanat and Kedar. Kedar is an ancient raga, with different genres of classical songs, like khayals, thumris, dhrupads, as well as light classical songs based on it. According to the Guru Granth Sahib, raga Kedara (ਕੇਦਾਰਾ) expresses and makes the mind aware of the soul's true character. It conveys the emotions of honesty, integrity and truthfulness in a practical and caring way. This approach is memorable, so that the mind  is made aware, without arousing cynicism. Film songs. Hindi. Following are the films that used material from raga Kedar: