National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine
National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (, "НАБУ") or NABU is a Ukrainian law enforcement anti-corruption agency which investigates corruption in Ukraine and prepares cases for prosecution. It has investigatory powers but cannot indict suspects. Only agency findings passed to the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office become a part of criminal case. The agency was established in 2014 after its predecessor, the National Anti-Corruption Committee () was considered a failure. The bureau was created on the request of the International Monetary Fund. The agency is set to employ 700 people. Its first  70 detectives started work on 1 October 2015. The agency's government funding is mandated under American and European Union aid programs. It has an evidence-sharing agreement with the FBI. Such values as integrity, courage, determination and commitment are considered as the main for official appoint candidates and the whole state body. The Ukrainian government also employs the National Agency for Prevention of Corruption which works to prevent corruption by monitoring government officials' lifestyles. History. National Anti-Corruption Committee. The position of Commissioner for anti-corruption policy was established by the second Tymoshenko Government on April 24, 2009. Its  first meeting took place on 22 April 2010; at the time most of its members were government officials. In September 2011 then President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych became head of the National Anti-Corruption Committee, while the Justice Minister served as the secretary of the committee. At that time the committee was tasked to give systematic analysis and to develop measures to combat corruption. Commissioner for anti-corruption policy. 6 March 2014 Tetiana Chornovol become the Commissioner for anti-corruption policy. At the time the organization was set to employ 1,200 people in seven regional offices. Chornovol resigned on 18  August 2014 because "there is no political will in Ukraine to carry out a hard-edged, large-scale war against corruption". Anti-Corruption Bureau. Founding and launching the National Anti-Corruption Bureau was one of the requirements set by the IMF and the European Commission for relaxation of visa restrictions between Ukraine and the European Union. On 14 October 2014 Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "On the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine". In January 2015 for the first time in history of modern Ukraine an open competition for position of director of a state agency was announced . 186 candidates applied for the position of Director of the National Anti-corruption Bureau of Ukraine. The winner of the competition was Artem Sytnyk. On 16 April 2015 the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed two decrees: No. 217/2015 – decree on founding the National Anti-corruption Bureau of Ukraine and No.218/2015 — decree on appointing Artem Sytnyk the Bureau's Director. This provided a starting point for a new state agency. The first order signed by the NABU Director on 23 April 2015 approved the Bureau's structure and staffing. On 24 April Gizo Uglava was appointed First Deputy Director. When  Gizo Uglava was hired by Artem Sytnyk he said:"Ukraine matters to Georgia, we believe that if we save Georgia, we save Ukraine, and the other way round. Moreover, that’s my chance to do what I love – to investigate". Later two more Deputy Directors were appointed: Anatoly Novak and Tetyana Varvarska. On 7 May the Bureau was given premises At 3 Vasylya Surykova street, Kyiv. On 30 November 2015 the competition for the position of the Head of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, on which the start of the NABU work depended, was over. Nazar Kholodnitskiy took the  position. On 4 December the NABU detectives entered the first three criminal proceedings concerning the theft of state owned companies' funds to the value of 1 billion UAH into the Unified Register of Pre-Trial Investigations. The agency's detectives underwent training sponsored by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation and the European Union. From June 2017 the NABU Director is a member of the EUACI's Steering Committee. The National Anti-Corruption Bureau is one of the beneficiaries this program. 2019. On February 25, the group of anti-corruption investigations "Bigus.Info" published the report about the people from  Petro Poroshenko's surrounding who are in control of thefts in the defense sector. In March, two criminal proceedings were opened regarding involvement of people from Petro Poroshenko's team in the theft in the defense sphere. Ex-First Deputy Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council Oleh Hladkovsky, his son Ihor and other persons were searched. In November, the Bureau served notice of suspicion to one of the richest Ukrainians, Oleg Bakhmatyuk, over the NBU's takeover of a $1.2bn USD loan. In November, the deputy chief of the Kyiv City Customs and the Odessa businessman Vadim  Alperin, whom the media called "the king" and the "godfather" of Ukrainian smuggling, was detained. Investigators assert he unsuccessfully offered NABU detective a bribe of $800,000. Scandal related to U.S. presidential election 2020. Ukrainian media has repeatedly published information about the connections, interventions and influence on the activities of NABU of the US Embassy in Ukraine. In October 2019, Ukrainian MP and graduate of the KGB school Andrii Derkach published documents about the possible influence of the US Embassy in Ukraine on the activities of NABU. Among the published materials were correspondence between "Polina Chyzh," the assistant to the  first deputy head of NABU Gizo Uglava, and "Hanna Emelyanova," the specialist on legal issues of the anti-corruption program of the US Department of Justice of the US Embassy in Ukraine. According to Derkach, this correspondence contained lists of criminal cases on which NABU detectives worked, as well as instructions on providing information on the case of former Minister of Environmental Protection and owner of Burisma Mykola Zlochevsky. According to Derkach, American politician Joe Biden influenced the Ukrainian authorities and helped to close criminal cases related to the activities of former Minister Mykola Zlochevsky. In April 2020, former Prosecutor  General of Ukraine Viktor Shokin expressed the opinion that the initiator of the establishment of NABU in 2015 was the then US Vice President Joe Biden in order to "steal the investigation powers from the State Bureau of Investigations to NABU and put there emissaries who listen to the United States". Victor Shokin has previously complained about pressure on his activities from Joe Biden in the investigation of the Burisma case and wrote a statement to the State Bureau of Investigation about the disclosure a secret information by NABU staff and Shokin's personal data leak to US embassy in  Ukraine. On September 10, 2020 the United States imposed sanctions on Andriy Derkach among other Russian agents for attempting to influence the U.S. electoral process. Relationship with other anti-corruption bodies. NABU is one of three anti-corruption pillar institutions in Ukraine, created after the Euromaidan. National Agency for Prevention of Corruption. The National Agency for Prevention of Corruption seeks to 'shape and implement anti-corruption policy while creating an environment conducive to corruption prevention'. While NABU focuses on law-enforcement, the NACP shapes policy and develops regulations that help to prevent corruption and ensures compliance. It is responsible for  verifying the accuracy of government officials' asset and income declarations. In July 2016, its civil society representative, Ruslan Riaboshapka, criticised the hiring process, saying that the agency was choosing the lowest-scoring candidates. Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office. The Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office (SAPO) supports and oversees criminal investigations launched by NABU, by drawing up indictments and bringing them before the courts. Control over the bureau. The direct control over the bureau is conducted by the parliamentary committee for combating organized crime and corruption. The NABU director Every year the External Control Commission provide an independent assessment  of the NABU's activity. There are three members of the commission: For securing transparency and civil control over the NABU the Council of Civil Control was created. It counts 15 members who have to take an examination based on an open and transparent competition. On June 5, 2015, there was the first open e-voting for the candidates to the Council of Civil Control. Due to the results of the e-voting 15 members who represent 6 civil society organizations were elected. After the elections to the Council of Civil Control, its members have chosen Vitalii Shabunin as the  head of the council. Then the e-voting was defined as illegal by the claim of Sh. Aliev but the claim was not proceed till the end of the cadence. The second Council of Civil Control which was headed by Roman Maselko and started to work on May 31, 2017. The secretary of the second Council of Civil Control became Halyna Yanchenko. Among the challenges which face the second CCC were the finishing of command forming, functional work organization of local territory administrations, the rising number of investigations, the finishing the stage of judicial review of NABU implementations. That voting  also was defined as illegal by the claim of O.Shevchyk but the claim was not proceed till the end of the cadence. The elections to the 3rd Council of Civil Control took place on May 30, 2018. The head of the Council became Tetiana Locatska.