Health SA Gesondheid - Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2007
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2007
Author Christiaan B. Brink
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 12 (2007)
Authors: L. Modiba and A.G.W. Nolte
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 12, pp 3 –13 (2007)
Die doel van die studie was om die ervaring van moeders met betrekking tot die dood van &apos;n baba tydens swangerskap te verken en te beskryf, asook die versorging wat hulle van vroedvroue en dokters gedurende die periode ontvang het. Die doel is bereik deur &apos;n kwalitatiewe, verkennende, beskrywende en kontekstuele ontwerp te volg. Data is ingesamel deur middel van in-diepte onderhoude. Die onderhoude is op band opgeneem en verbatim getranskribeer. Data is deur middel van oop kodering geanaliseer. Data is versamel totdat versadiging bereik is. Al die moeders met wie onderhoude gevoer is het hulle ervarings van die verlies tydens swangerskap beskryf. Sommige het dieselfde ervarings gehad en ander nie. Dit was duidelik in die bevindinge van die navorsing dat moeders wat die verlies tydens swangerskap beleef het, moeilike tye beleef het, en daarom gewens het dat mense begrip vir hulle verlies sou hÃª en ook konsidererend en sensitief sou wees, na hulle sou luister en aan hulle emosionele ondersteuning sou gee. Hierteenoor het moeders die onvermoÃ« van gesondheidswerkers om die ondersteuning te gee geidentifiseer.
Factors that may influence South African nurses&apos; decisions to emigrate
Authors: M. Oosthuizen and V.J. Ehlers
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 12, pp 14 –26 (2007)
Although no accurate statistics about the number of South African nurses working in other countries are available, the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development estimated that 35 000 South African nurses were working outside South Africa and/or outside the health care system (Horning, 2005:58). The global shortage of nurses, creating opportunities for South African nurses to work in foreign countries, as well as a variety of factors related to nursing, health care and the general living conditions in South Africa influence nurses&apos; decisions to emigrate. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the factors that influence nurses&apos; decisions to emigrate. Maslow&apos;s Hierarchy of Needs Theory was used as a point of departure to establish what motivates the behaviour of nurses to emigrate from South Africa. A quantitative approach was used. The target population comprised all the nurses (n=3 331) on the registers of the South African Nursing Council (SANC) who completed their basic training during 2002. A random sample of 15% (n=501) of the total population of nurses who completed their basic training during 2002 was selected. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. The analysis of the data indicated that nurses&apos; inadequate remuneration, poor working conditions, excessive workloads, lack of personal growth and career advancement possibilities and inability to meet their safety and security needs were major factors that influenced nurses&apos; decisions to emigrate. The recommendations include improved remuneration for nurses, enhanced working conditions with adequate supplies and equipment, reduced workloads by employing more nurses, expanded career prospects and improved safety.
Alhoewel daar nie akkurate statistiek beskikbaar is oor die aantal Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges wat in ander lande werk nie, beraam die Organisasie vir Samewerking en Ontwikkeling dat 35 000 Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges buite Suid-Afrika en/of buite die gesondheidsorgsektor werk (Horning, 2005:58). Die wÃªreldwye tekort aan verpleegkundiges, wat geleenthede skep vir Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges om in ander lande te werk, sowel as &apos;n verskeidenheid faktore wat met verpleging, gesondheidsorg en die algemene lewensomstandighede in Suid-Afrika verband hou, beÃ¯nvloed verpleegkundiges se besluite om te emigreer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die faktore wat verpleegkundiges se besluit om te emigreer beÃ¯nvloed te verken en te beskryf. Maslow se HiÃ«rargie van Behoeftes Teorie was die vertrekpunt om te bepaal wat die gedrag van verpleegkundiges motiveer om uit Suid-Afrika te emigreer. &apos;n Kwantitatiewe benadering is gevolg. Die populasie vir hierdie studie was al die verpleegkundiges (n=3 331) op die registers van die Suid-Afrikaanse Raad op Verpleging (SARV) wat hulle basiese verpleegopleiding gedurende 2002 voltooi het. &apos;n Ewekansige steekproef van 15% (n=501) van die totale populasie van verpleegkundiges, wat hulle basiese opleiding gedurende 2002 voltooi het, is gekies. &apos;n Gestruktureerde vraelys is gebruik om data in te samel. Die analise van die data het aangedui dat ontoereikende salarisse van verpleegkundiges, swak werksomstandighede en &apos;n tekort aan hulpbronne in die gesondheidsorgdienste, asook die onvoldoende aantal verpleegkundiges in Suid-Afrika belangrike faktore is wat verpleegkundiges se besluite om te emigreer beÃ¯nvloed. Die aanbevelings behels meer vergoeding vir verpleegkundiges, beter werksomstandighede met genoegsame voorrade en toerusting, laer werksladings deur meer verpleegkundiges in diens te neem, uitgebreide loopbaanvooruitsigte en verbeterde veiligheid.
Authors: Myra Taylor, Siyabonga B. Dlamini, Reshma Sathiparsad, Champaklal Jinabhai and Hein De Vries
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 12, pp 27 –36 (2007)
This study describes the prevalence of virginity testing (VT) amongst rural secondary school students in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), compares the attitudes of students of both sexes to VT, the differences in attitudes between girls who would/would not undergo such testing, and explores the relationship between risky sexual behaviour and girls who underwent virginity testing. A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken with stratified random sampling of 10 secondary schools in Ugu District, KZN. Of 846 isiZulu-speaking students whose mean age was 16.1 years (SD 2.4), 492 (58.2%) were girls, of whom 286 (58.1%) had undergone VT and, in total 347 (70.5%) girls supported VT. Girls whose mothers had less formal education were more likely to have participated in VT (P-0.03) with fewer older girls participating (P=0.0003). More girls than boys considered VT to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (P=0.02), and to be empowering (P<0.005), but VT received support from both sexes as a traditional cultural practice. Participation in VT failed to prevent sexual intercourse and sexually transmitted diseases or to improve rates of condom use amongst those who were sexually active. South Africa&apos;s Bill of Rights supports gender equity. At community level VT has support despite its conflicting relationship with human rights, and questionable impact on preventing HIV/AIDS.
Therapeutic budget modelling : a possible road to budgetary allocations in the public health care setting
Authors: G.K. John, M.S. Lubbe and J.H.P. Serfontein
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 12, pp 37 –50 (2007)
In South Africa, 70% of the country&apos;s population is dependent on the public health care sector (especially the primary health care structure) for their basic health care needs. The objective of the study is to analyse the cost and usage-related perspectives of medicines, to formulate a therapeutic budget model, for use as a planning and control instrument in the usage of medicines at a public primary care level. Data utilised in this study were obtained from patient records of six local primary health care clinics [N=1 313] in Potchefstroom over a 24-day period. The medicines used by these patients were coded using the proposed medicine classification system.The average cost of medicines per consultation was R8.25 + 10.98 [N=R19 669.50] for all medicines. The average cost per medicine item was R 4.19 + 9.54 [N=4 691] for all medicines [N=R19 669.50]. Of the main groups of medicines issued to patients in the clinics, those displaying a total cost of treatment and usage of > 5%, constituted 88.20% and 84.08% of the total medicines used [N=4 691] respectively. From the study it was projected that R2 607 357.00 (231.23% more than the actual budget allocation) is needed for the optimal functioning and management of the six clinics in Potchefstroom. It is foreseen that compiling of a therapeutic budget modelling system would significantly help the public sector to prepare and plan budgetary policies for better medicine formulary and resource management.
In Suid-Afrika is 70% van die land se bevolking van die openbare gesondheidsorgsektor (veral die primÃªre gesondheidsorgstruktuur) afhanklik vir hulle basiese behoeftes aan gesondheidsorg. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die perspektiewe op die koste en gebruik van medisyne te ontleed, om &apos;n model gebaseer op terapeutiese klassifikasie vir &apos;n begroting te formuleer wat as &apos;n instrument vir beplanning en beheer van die gebruik van medisyne op die vlak van primÃªre sorg aangewend kan word. Die data wat in hierdie studie gebruik is, is uit die rekords van pasiÃ«nte van ses plaaslike primÃªregesondheidsorgklinieke [N=1 313] in Potchefstroom oor &apos;n periode van 24 dae verkry. Die medisyne wat deur hierdie pasiÃ«nte gebruik is, is volgens die voorgestelde klassifikasiestelsel vir medisyne gekodeer. Die gemiddelde koste van medisyne per konsultasie was R8.25 + 10.98 [N=R19 669.50] vir alle medisyne. Die gemiddelde koste per medisyne-item was R4.19 + 9.54 [N=4 691] vir alle medisyne [N=R19 669.50]. Van die hoofgroepe medisyne wat in die klinieke aan pasiÃ«nte uitgegee word, het diÃ© wat &apos;n totale koste van behandeling en gebruik van > 5% bedra onderskeidelik 88.20% en 84.08% van die totale hoeveelheid gebruikte medisyne uitgemaak [N=4 691]. Uit hierdie studie is geprojekteer dat R2 607 357.00 (231.23% meer as die werklike toegekende begroting) nodig is vir die optimale werking en bestuur van die ses klinieke in Potchefstroom. Dit word voorsien dat die opstel van &apos;n modelleerstelsel vir &apos;n begroting gebaseer op terapeutiese klassifikasie die openbare sektor beduidend kan help om beleid vir begroting met beter beheer van medisyne en hulpbronne voor te berei en te beplan.
The protégé and the sage : students’ perceptions of work-based mentoring experiences
Author M. Harris
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 12, pp 51 –62 (2007)
Mentoring is offered as a supportive learning strategy within an educational programme for mature multi-cultural South African nurses. This paper considers the literature, describes mentoring within a nursing management course, and uses the findings to illustrate students&apos; mentoring experience through the following three themes: (1) Mentoring as a teaching strategy: Initial considerations; (2) Mentoring as a process; and (3) Consequences of mentoring as a teaching strategy. Self-reports, based on two questions, describe the perceptions 16 post-basic students have of mentoring as a means of scaffolded learning through the voicing of their &apos;authentic&apos; experiences. This study forms a component of a larger qualitative case study of a management course using action research within the critical genre. A way forward is suggested that can promote both the mentor/mentee relationship and meaningful learning. Students paid particular attention to the difficulties of choosing mentors, engaging in and &apos;negotiating&apos; the process and maintaining the relationship. They recognised the value of &apos;special people&apos; (not necessarily in their discipline), in their professional development and noted the need for mutual commitment to the process to achieve mutual benefits.
Mentorskap word aangebied as &apos;n ondersteunende leerstrategie binne &apos;n onderwysprogram vir volwasse multikulturele Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges. Hierdie artikel handel oor die literatuur, beskryf mentorskap binne &apos;n verpleegkundige bestuurskursus en gebruik die bevindinge om studente se ondervinding van mentorskap deur die volgende drie temas te illustreer: (1) Mentorskap as &apos;n onderwysstrategie: InisiÃ«le oorwegings; (2) Mentorskap as &apos;n proses; en (3) Gevolge van mentorskap as &apos;n onderwysstrategie. Selfrapporte, gebaseer op twee vrae, beskryf die persepsies wat 16 nagraadse studente van mentorskap het as &apos;n wyse van ondersteunende leer deur die uitdrukking van hulle &apos;outentieke&apos; ondervindinge. Hierdie studie maak &apos;n deel uit van &apos;n groter kwalitatiewe gevallestudie van &apos;n bestuurskursus en maak gebruik van aksienavorsing binne die kritiese genre. Riglyne word gebied wat die verhouding tussen beide die mentor en die persoon wat die mentorskap ontvang kan bevorder en betekenisvolle leer kan bewerkstellig. Studente gee spesifieke aandag aan die probleme daaraan verbonde om mentors te kies, betrokke te raak by die onderhandeling van die proses en die handhawing van die verhouding. Hulle erken die waarde van &apos;spesiale persone&apos; (nie noodwendig in hulle dissipline nie) in hulle professionele ontwikkeling en neem kennis van die behoefte van wedersydse betrokkenheid by die proses om gemeenskaplike voordele te verkry.
Authors: K.G.F. Esterhuyse, D.A. Louw and J.M. Bach
Source: Health SA Gesondheid 12, pp 63 –72 (2007)
In this study, two research questions were posed. In the first place, this study investigated the levels of exposure to violence among the adolescents as a total group (Venda- and Northern Sotho-speaking), as well as the exposure levels of the two ethnic groups. The relationship between the groups&apos; exposure to violence and their post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was investigated in the second place, as well as the question whether a difference existed between the two ethnic groups in respect of this relationship. The participants were comprised of 186 Venda and 151 Northern Sotho adolescents, who completed the Child PTSD Checklist (PTSDC) and the Child Exposure to Violence Form (CEVF). A large proportion of participants reported high levels of exposure to violence. Venda youth appeared to be subjected to a higher rate of victimisation than the Northern Sotho adolescents. A strong correlation was found between exposure to violence and PTSD symptoms.
Twee navorsingsvrae is in hierdie studie gestel. Eerstens het hierdie studie ondersoek ingestel na die vlakke van blootstelling aan geweld onder die groep adolessente as geheel (Venda- en Noord-Sotho-sprekers), asook na die blootstellingsvlakke van die twee etniese groepe. Tweedens is die verband tussen die groepe se blootstelling aan geweld en hulle simptome van posttraumatiese stresversteuring (PTSV) ondersoek, asook die vraag of daar &apos;n verskil was tussen die twee etniese groepe ten opsigte van hierdie verband. Die deelnemers het bestaan uit 186 Venda- en 151 Noord-Sotho-adolessente, wat die Child PTSD Checklist (PTSDC) en die Child Exposure to Violence Form (CEVF) voltooi het. &apos;n Groot gedeelte van die deelnemers het hoÃ« vlakke van blootstelling aan geweld aangedui. Dit het geblyk dat Venda-jeugdiges aan &apos;n hoÃ«r koers van viktimisering blootgestel is as die Noord-Sotho-adolessente. &apos;n Sterk korrelasie is gevind tussen blootstelling aan geweld en PTSV-simptome.