Teen film
Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults by the plot being based on their special interests, such as coming of age, attempting to fit in, bullying, peer pressure, first love, teen rebellion, conflict with parents, and teen angst or alienation. Often these normally serious subject matters are presented in a glossy, stereotyped or trivialized way. Many teenage characters are portrayed by young adult actors between the ages of 20 and 30. Some teen films appeal to young males, while others appeal to young females. Films in this genre are often set in high  schools and colleges, or contain characters who are of high school or college age. Types. The classic teen film is often similar to a romantic comedy. Hybrid genres include: Additional types of teen films can be divided again into sub-categories. These can be found at list of teen films. Beach films. Early examples of the genre in the United States include the "beach party films" of the 1950s and 1960s, such as the "Gidget" series. Codes and conventions. Codes and conventions of teen films vary depending on the cultural context of the film, but they can include puberty, proms , alcohol, illegal substances, high school, parties, virginity, teen pregnancy, social groups and cliques, interpersonal conflict with peers and/or the older generations, fitting in, peer pressure, and popular culture. The classic codes and conventions of teen film come from American films. One of the most widely used conventions is an emphasis on stereotypes and social groups. The stereotypes most commonly used include: Apart from the characters, there are many other codes and conventions of teen film. These films are often set in or around high schools and places frequented by teens, such as shopping malls and themed restaurants. This technique allows  for many different social cliques to be shown. These settings are typical for the classic romantic comedy teen film. Common archetypes. A good example of the use of archetypes in teen film was displayed in the 1985 film, "The Breakfast Club". These archetypes have since become a larger part of the culture. The jock, cheerleader, and social outcast, among others, become a familiar and pleasurable feature for the audience. However, genres are dynamic; they change and develop to meet the expectations of their target audience. Notable writers and directors. Herman Raucher. Herman Raucher, along with Robert Mulligan, popularized the genre  with "Summer of '42" (1971), and Raucher continued the trend by writing "Class of '44" (1973). George Lucas. George Lucas has been credited for perfecting the genre by writing and directing "American Graffiti" (1973). John Hughes. The genre gained more credibility during the 1980s with the works of writer and director John Hughes. His legacy of teen films, including "The Breakfast Club", "Ferris Bueller's Day Off", "Sixteen Candles", and many more, proved to be popular not only with audiences but also with critics. Gregg Araki. Gregg Araki filmed independent films in the 1990s. His films, particularly the "Teen Apocalypse  Trilogy" (consisting of "Totally Fucked Up", "The Doom Generation", and "Nowhere"), are notable for capturing the disaffected attitudes of suburban teenagers of Generation X. Éric Rohmer. Éric Rohmer, a pioneering director of the French New Wave, was notable for focusing on young adults or youth and their complications with love in a number of his films. Some of these works are "La Collectionneuse", "Claire's Knee", "Pauline at the Beach", "My Girlfriend's Boyfriend", and "A Summer's Tale". Noteworthy actors. Popular actors in teen films have included Annette Funicello, Hayley Mills, and Sal Mineo in the 1960s and 1970s ; Molly Ringwald, Anthony Michael Hall, Brendan Fraser, Luke Perry, Johnny Depp, Christina Applegate, Winona Ryder, John Cusack, Michael J. Fox, Robert Downey Jr., Matthew Broderick and members of the Brat Pack in the 1980s and early 1990s; and Sarah Michelle Gellar, Neve Campbell, Chris Evans, Rose McGowan, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Heath Ledger, Britney Spears, Kirsten Dunst, Shannon Elizabeth, Breckin Meyer, Seth Green, Tobey Maguire, Alicia Silverstone, Gina Ravera, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, Frankie Muniz, Hilary Duff, Lindsay Lohan, Rachael Leigh Cook, Drew Barrymore, Freddie Prinze Jr., Amanda Bynes, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Hayden Panettiere in the mid-to-late-1990s and  throughout the 2000s. Many of these actors were either pre-teens or teens themselves when the movies were made. Notable teen genre actors in the 2010s include Leighton Meester, Blake Lively, Zendaya, Noah Centineo, Timothée Chalamet, Zac Efron, Lucy Hale, Lucas Hedges, Tom Holland, Anna Kendrick, Katherine Langford, Keiynan Lonsdale, Ezra Miller, Evan Peters, Nick Robinson, Cole Sprouse, Amandla Stenberg, Emma Stone, Ashley Tisdale, Emma Watson, Charlie Heaton, Justice Smith, Hailee Steinfeld, Odeya Rush, Madison Iseman, Dylan Minnette, Storm Reid, Asher Angel, Jack Dylan Grazer, Charlie Plummer, Sophia Lillis, and Finn Wolfhard.