Marturina
The marturina, or marten's fur, was a tax collected in the lands to the south of the Drava River in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Origins. The name of the "marturina" indicates that it was originally an in-kind tax, collected in marten's fur. Similar taxespayable in the form of an animal's furalso existed in other territories. These taxes were typically paid by the Slavic inhabitants of the densely forested regions of Eastern Europe to the rulers of the neighboring nomadic peoples. Historian Pál Engel proposes that the "marturina" was also "originally a special tax that  the Slavs of Slavonia had to pay to their Hungarian overlord". The tax was also collected in other territories to the south of the Drava (in Baranya, Požega and Valkó Counties). Collection. A document recorded in 1300 that those who were obliged to pay the "marturina" used to give one marten's fur to their lords in each year. During or before the reign of Coloman the Learned, King of Hungary ("r." 1095–1116), the "marturina" was converted into a money tax. Initially, each "mansio" (or peasant household) was to pay 12 Freisach denars, but it was gradually raised during the  13th century before it was returned to its original rate around 1300. Those who were to pay "marturina" were also obliged to pay another tax, known as "pondus". On the other hand, commoners paying the "marturina" were exempt of the chamber's profit (a tax collected in Hungary). From royal to seignorial tax. The "marturina" was initially a royal revenue, collected for the monarch, or for the duke who ruled Slavonia in the monarch's name. However, when parcels of the royal domain were given away, the grantee typically also seized the right to collect the royal taxes in his  new estate. The "marturina" (and the "pondus") collected in royal estates was attached to the honor of the Bans (or governors) of Slavonia in the 14th century. Revenues from the "marturina" made up around 8,000 florins in 1427.