Cold-fX
Cold-FX is a product derived from the roots of North American ginseng ("Panax quinquefolius"). It was formulated by Jacqueline Shan and originally manufactured by her company, Afexa Life Sciences (formerly called CV Technologies), which was acquired by Valeant Pharmaceuticals in 2011. There is little evidence to support that Cold-fx is effective in the common cold. All trials have been done by the manufacturer and there has been poor data reporting. According to Health Canada's Natural Health Product Directorate records, the company claims that it may "help reduce the frequency, severity and duration of cold and  flu symptoms by boosting the immune system". COLD-FX is licensed by Health Canada as a Natural Health Product. The efficacy of this extract has been tested in clinical trials conducted in collaboration with researchers from Canadian universities. COLD-FX has been assessed in 6 published randomized, double-blinded and placebo controlled clinical trials and 20+ published articles Medical uses. There is no evidence that Cold-fx is effective in those infected with the common cold. The effect of preventative use is not clear. When used preventively it makes no difference on the rate of infections. It also appears  to have no effect on how bad the infections are. There is tentative evidence that it may lessen the length of sickness when used preventively. Blumenthal from American Botanical Council suggested that COLD-FX “represents a new class of herb-based therapeutic products” and is a “result of intensive scientific research on a natural herb”. Clinical studies involving more than 1600 patients, showed that the active ingredient in COLD-FX can help reduce and prevent common cold and flu symptoms when taken daily., Adverse effects. Individuals requiring anti-coagulant therapy such as warfarin should avoid use of American ginseng. Not  recommended for individuals with impaired liver or renal function. It is not recommended in those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Other adverse effects include: headaches, anxiety, trouble sleeping and an upset stomach. Criticism. The product has not been shown to reduce the number or severity of common colds. There is tentative evidence that it may shorten colds in people who are otherwise healthy adults when taken preventively. All studies posing 'significant' results on its efficacy were funded by the manufacturer. Other criticisms point out that these studies have been small scale, with conspicuously shallow participant pools and lopsided gender distributions . Researchers have pointed out that there aren't enough studies on the effects of any form of ginseng on the common cold to form any conclusions. Scientists have argued that the product has not been tested for its ability to treat a cold after an individual has been infected. No studies have yet been performed to assess the possible long term side effects of taking the pills every day during the cold and flu season. The manufacturer was criticized for making health claims about the product that have never been tested or scientifically verified. Until February 2007, the company advised  a regimen of 18 pills over a course of 3 days in order to obtain "immediate relief" from a cold. Health Canada's review of the scientific literature confirmed that this is not a claim that it was entitled to make. The company formulated a separate product for this usage. A CV Technologies press release explained the change in the dosing regimen as a choice to take a two-tier approach application to Health Canada. In 2015 a class action lawsuit was launched that claimed that the manufacturer misled people. A B.C. Supreme Court judge refused to certify the class -action, but did not rule on the claim itself. The appeal on this case has been dismissed.