Sue Wickner
Sue Hengren Wickner is an American biochemist and geneticist who is a distinguished investigator and the head of the DNA Molecular Biology section of the National Institutes of Health.   Her laboratory is under the National Cancer Institute and is located in the Center for Cancer Research (NCI/CCR). Education. Sue earned the B.S. degree from American University and the M.S. from Georgetown University. She studied at the Corcoran School of Art and went on to earn her Ph.D. in 1973 from Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University.  Her dissertation advisor there was Jerard Hurwitz. She pursued  postdoctoral training at National Institutes of Health with Martin Gellert, then joined the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the National Cancer Institute. She did a sabbatical with Fred Sanger at the MRC in Cambridge UK in 1983. Research. Sue Wickner and her coauthors Michel Wright, Reed Wickner and Jerry Hurwitz published an early paper showing DNA replication in the test tube.  They found that the bacterial virus or phage Phi X174 could be converted from single stranded to the double stranded replicative form in the test tube and that the reaction required the gene products of dnaC, dnaE, and dnaG  genes of the phage. At NIH, her research has illuminated the action of proteins that utilize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy in tiny machines to replicate DNA, remodel proteins, and break down proteins. She has been a major contributor to the understanding of molecular chaperones, proteins that regulate most cellular processes including replication and transcription and response to stress. Chaperones function to alter activity, refold as well as degrade proteins. Her citation from election to the National Academy of Sciences notes her most recent contributions to ATP-dependent chaperones for proteolysis (protein breakdown), showing how they participate in stress responses by  removing proteins that folded incorrectly and how they degrade regulatory proteins once their signals have been delivered. Since there are some human diseases that result from abnormally folded and/or aggregated proteins, these ATP-dependent chaperones are important in disease treatment development.