Aleksey Mozgovoy
Aleksey Borisovich Mozgovoy or Mozgovoi (, ";" 3 April 1975 – 23 May 2015) commander of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic in Ukraine. He was the leader of the pro-Russian Prizrak Brigade and also served as "judge" on the "People's Court", notorious for issuing controversial death sentences. He was assassinated in Donbas, with conflicting reports on who was responsible. Biography. Mozgovoy was born in the village of Nizhnyaya Duvanka, Svatove Raion, Luhansk Oblast located in the eastern part of Ukraine. Mozgovoy grew up in Svatove township where he participated in a local choir, the "Svatove Cossacks". Just  before the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, (the "Russian Spring") Mozgovoy was a guest worker, employed as a cook in Saint Petersburg. In 2014, during conflict in eastern Ukraine, he became commander of the military formation "Prizrak" ("Ghost"). Unofficially, his armed group was known as the "Antratsyt Cossacks". Mozgovoy was allied with Igor Girkin, the Donetsk People's Republic minister for defense. He was known for infighting with other Luhansk People's Republic (LPR) rebels. Mozgovoy had contact with the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, and the leader of A Just Russia, Sergei Mironov . Prior to his death, Mozgovoy's Prizrak brigade had been having supply issues due to his refusal to join the formal LPR power structure. It had dwindled from 3,000 fighters to several hundred. Mozgovoy and two of his colleagues, Andrey Kozlov and Anna Samelyuk, decided to move into politics and, with the assistance of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), sent an application to Kiev to register the political party "Narodnoye vozrozhdeniye" (National Renewal). It was sent to Kiev instead of to Lugansk as a proper legal process did not yet exist in the LPR for  the registration of political parties. The application was received by Ukraine's Ministry of Justice on May 5, and accepted by May 8, thus becoming the first and only political party registered by Ukraine that originated in one of the breakaway rebel territories, and the only one that Ukraine would recognize legally according to the Minsk II peace agreement. On May 8, there was an international anti-fascist forum in the city of Alchevsk in the LPR, which included around 100 attendees, including OSCE members. By the evening, the registration of the new party had become widely known among the  attendees. The following day, the LPR authorities denied Mozgovoy permission to stage a May 9 Victory Day parade. Death. Mozgovoy was killed in a car ambush on the road between Luhansk and Alchevsk, nearby village called (Perevalsk Raion), on Saturday, May 23, 2015. The attack on Mozgovoy's motorcade consisted of a roadside bombing followed by machine-gun fire. The first reported death toll was said to be 7 people. Press secretary Anna Samelyuk, a driver, and six bodyguards were also killed. Two months prior to his death, Mozgovoy had survived a similar assassination attempt in the same area. He  was said to be dismissive of threats to his life. The LPR press service attributed the attack to undefined "saboteurs". Surviving leaders of the Prizrak Brigade stated that Ukrainian commandos were responsible, and they called on their supporters to not spread false rumors. Anton Gerashchenko, the adviser to the Ukrainian minister for internal affairs, claimed Mozgovoy was assassinated by Russian GRU special forces. Mozgovoy's supporters widely believed that Igor Plotnitksy the head of the LNR at the time was responsible for his death. On May 23, 2016, a statue of Mozgovoy was erected in Alchevsk, Ukraine. In 2020 a  court in the unrecognized Luhansk People’s Republic determined that Mozgovoy and fellow Prizrak brigade member Aleksandr Kostin had planned and commanded the 2014 ambush and murder of a family for cash. Oleh and Iryna Burykhin were shot dead in their car, and their ten-year-old daughter Liza was left an invalid from her wounds. Controversy. In October 2014 he presided over a so-called "people's court" () that issued a death sentence against a suspect accused of rape by asking the audience to raise hands. Answering questions from the audience afterward, Mozgovoy said that he ordered his patrols  to "arrest any woman found sitting in a pub or cafe". The statement that caused the controversy was: After the statement caused a significant critical response in Russian media, he had to explain that he said that because he thought that women "should care about their safety", that the intention of the statement was to make people think about morals and that he was not going to arrest anyone.