Disputa de l'ase
Disputa de l’ase (1417) is a Catalan medieval novel. It is about the discussion between a monk and a donkey about the human superiority over the other animals. After a long debate, and completely by surprise, it is the donkey who wins the argument, and so human superiority cannot be proven. The work was written by Anselm Turmeda, a Majorcan writer and former Catholic friar who lived in Tunis and converted to Islam. It is his longest work in Catalan, his mother tongue. It is of Arabic inspiration, even though it incorporates an important portion of  original elements, such as the literary style and a strong feeling of anti-clericalism. No manuscript of the original work has been preserved, except for a small part containing a prophecy pronounced by the donkey during the discussion with the monk. There is evidence that the novel was printed in Barcelona in its original Catalan version in 1509, but no copy of this edition has been preserved (probably due to the fact that, in 1583, the Spanish Inquisition included the work to its list of prohibited books). It is only thanks to the French version of the text, which was  printed in Lyons at least three times during the 16th century, that the work is known today. Some decades later, at the beginning of the 17th century, the text was also translated into German and printed in Montbéliard. It was not until relatively recently (less than a century ago) that the work was rescued from oblivion mostly by Spanish and Catalan scholars. The book has now been re-translated into Catalan, and has recovered the popularity it might have had during its first decades of existence.