Theory of functional systems
The theory of functional systems is a model that describes the structure of conduct, which was established by Russian and Soviet biologist and physiologist Pyotr Anokhin. Overview. Functional systems were put forward by Anokhin as an alternative to the predominant concept of reflexes. Contrary to reflexes, the endpoints of functional systems are not actions themselves but "adaptive results of these actions". In contrast to reflexes, which are based on "linear spread of information" from receptors to executive organs through the central nervous system, functional systems are self-organizing non-linear systems composed of synchronized distributed elements . "The principle of functional systems": association of private mechanisms of the body in a holistic system of adaptive behavioral act, the establishment of "integrative unity". There are two types of functional systems: Stages of the behavioral act. Choice of targets and methods of achieving them are the key factors that regulate behavior. According to Anokhin, in the structure of the behavioral act afferent feedback compared with the acceptor of the result gives a positive or negative "situational" emotions affect the correction or termination of action (another type of emotion, "leading" emotions, are associated with satisfaction or dissatisfaction needs in general , with the formation of the target). In addition, the behavior affect the memories of positive and negative emotions. In general, behavioral act is characterized by meaningful and active role of the subject.