Kristin Schirmer
Kristin Schirmer (born 1967) is a German cell biologist and toxicologist. She is the Head of Department of Environmental Toxicology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)] and also a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) and ETH Zurich. Schirmer specializes in Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Toxicity, Aquatic Organisms, Chemical Hazard Assessment, Adverse Outcome Pathways, in vitro Alternatives to Animal Testing, Fish Cell Lines and Biomonitoring. Early life and education. From 1989 to 1994 Schirmer earned her Biology diploma at the University of Hohenheim and the Martin-Luther -University Halle-Wittenberg. After that she continued as a Ph.D student at the Department of Biology of the University of Waterloo in Canada, where she worked on her doctoral thesis on the development of in vitro toxicity assays with rainbow trout cells. From 1997 to 2001 Schirmer completed her Postdoctoral Training at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and University of Waterloo. From 2001 to 2003 she was the Junior Research Group Leader at UFZ in Leipzig. Career and research. In 2008 Kristin Schirmer was appointed as the new head of the Environmental Toxicology department at Eawag. Before that  she had already taught Ecotoxicology as a professor at the ETH Zurich. In 2011 Schirmer began teaching at the EPFL and was awarded the title of adjunct professor. In 2019 the Swiss 3R Competence Centre, a nonprofit association located in Bern, which promotes research for the replacement and reduction of animal experimentation, awarded Kristin Schirmer and her colleague Melanie Fisher for their exceeding research work. They received ISO certification for a toxicity test utilizing cultured fish gill cells instead of fish, which proves to be a milestone in the promotion of alternate procedures to animal testing . With other researchers from  Eawag Schirmer took part in developing a business idea named "Rainbow Biosystem", creating a fish-cell-based biosensor that provides a solution for managing and monitoring the quality of water. For this they received the 3rd prize in the business plan category by Venture, a Swiss start-up competition. In December 2020 ETH Zurich appointed her as titular professor. Currently the main focus of her research is on the freshwater environment and on fish or single-cell organisms as experimental models, as well as on human-made products and chemicals, naturally occurring elements, biologically derived toxins as stressors. Awards and  honors. Awards won include: