Karsakpay inscription
The Karsakpay inscription (also called the Timur's stone) is a message carved on April 28, 1391 into a fragment of rock in Ulu Tagh mountainside near the Karsakpay mines, Kazakhstan. It was found in 1935. It consists of three lines in Arabic, and eight lines in Chagatai, written in the Old Uyghur alphabet. After its discovery, the Karsakpay inscription was taken to the Hermitage Museum of in Leningrad (present-day St. Petersburg, Russia) in 1936, where it is today. Timur asks those reading the inscription to remember him with a prayer. The inscription was reasearched and published  by Nicholas Poppe in 1940, and later researched by Napil Bazilhan, Hasan Eren, Olga Borisovna Frolova, A. P. Grigoryev, N.N. Telitsyn, A.N. Ponomarev and Zeki Velidi Togan. Measurements. The inscription measures 80x40 centimeters. The depth of the carvings are within 1,5–2 millimeters. The distance between Arabic and Chagatai lines are 18 centimeters. Description. The inscription notes the crossing of Timur, a Turco-Mongol conqueror, and his 200,000 men in pursuit of campaign against Tokhtamysh, a ruler of the Golden Horde from 1378 to 1395, and the route that passed through the semi-desert regions of Betpak-Dala. In "Zafarnama" ("Book  of Victories"), written in the first quarter of the 15th century, its author Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi gives one historical event of that campaign: For a joyful survey of that steppe, Timur ascended to the top of the mountain, the whole plain was all green. He stayed there that day, (then) a high order came out, so that the soldiers brought stones and a high sign, like a lighthouse was put in that place. Master stonecutters inscribed on it the date of that day, so that to leave the reminder on the face of time. Complete text. Arabic. Arabic  transliteration: "(by the International Turkic Academy)" Translation: Chagatai. Chagatai transliteration: Translation: Chagatai transliteration: "(by International Turkic Academy)"