Leutasch
Leutasch is a municipality in the northern part of the district Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol about 30 km northwest of Innsbruck and 10 km northwest of Seefeld in Tirol Geography. The village lies in the Leutaschtal, a high valley that extends for over 16 kilometres from the Hohe Munde to the northeast along the Wetterstein Mountains and ends at the Leutasch Gorge, which forms the border with Germany at Mittenwald. The valley is framed by other prominent peaks such as the Hochwanner, the Dreitorspitze and the Arnspitze. The valley is a large rock basin formed  by glaciers of the Ice Age and filled with gravel and lake sediments. The Leutascher Ache river flows through it. The Gaistal valley leads between the Wetterstein and Mieming Chain to the west to the Ehrwald Alm. Leutasch is protected to the south from the warm föhn and to the north from the cold by the Wetterstein. From the west, snow clouds have easy access through the Gaistal valley. This gives Leutasch very reliable snow conditions, with a mild summer climate at the same time. The settlement extends along the road in numerous hamlets. Leutasch was much more influenced by  agriculture than the neighbouring region around Seefeld and was therefore able to preserve a cultural landscape of meadows and pastures with wetlands to the present day. Subdivisions. The municipality of Leutasch consists of the village of Leutasch itself and 24 other villages, hamlets and scattered houses. The municipality divides into three groups: The municipality has no obvious main settlement; the council is based in Kirchplatzl, which is also referred to as 'Leutasch' or 'Oberleutasch' (or vice vers, the name 'Leutasch' with the entire area of "Oberleutasch"). At Kirchplatzl is also the parish church of "Oberleutasch", the second priest and parish  church of the municipality, "Unterleutasch", is in Unterkirchen. The village of Weidach is the tourist centre. History. There is no evidence of human settlement in the Leutash area before the middle of the 12th century. The area on the river Leutasch is first mentioned in writing in 1278 in connection with a foundation by the Bavarian nobleman, Bernard of Hausen, to the Upper Bavarian Augustinian monastery of Polling near Weilheim. At about the same time, Wilten Abbey ("Stift Wilten") was given estates and rights in this area, although its valleys were probably still completely forested at that time. Soon the  first farmsteads and farmsteads were built in forest clearings. In 1294, Count Berchtold III of Eschenlohe, who had no children, sold his counties of Mittenwald and Partenkirchen, together with the Wetterstein, to the Bishop of Freising, whose bishopric was thus elevated to a "Hochstift". The "Hochstift" of Freising merged the newly acquired counties with the "predium" of Garmisch, acquired in 1249, to form the County of Werdenfels. The first description of the border, in 1305, shows that a part of the Leutasch valley belonged to the County of Werdenfels. In 1312, Duke Henry of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol acquired  estates in the Leutasch. In 1338, at the head of the valley above the Leutasch Gorge, 300 metres east of the later "Leutascher Schanze", he had a castle built, with an outer and inner bailey and a surrounding moat in a square layout. For theirs protection, Tyrol acquired further estates and the Leutasch Valley went to Tyrol in 1500. The subsequent settlement of the Leutasch Valley was slow but steady: by 1775 about 800 people lived in the valley and the population of Leutasch was recorded as 945 in an official 1826 census. The number of territorial lords also grew  over the course of time to include the Tyrolean sovereign and Stams Abbey. These territorial lordships were abolished - as in the rest of Austria - in the course of the revolutions of 1848/49. Although the Leutasch valley was off the main communication routes, it was affected by several conflicts: During the Thirty Years' War, Leutasch and the neighbouring community of Seefeld suffered from major looting, while the rest of Tyrol was almost completely spared. During the Bavarian Rummel, the military invasion of Bavarian troops into Tyrol in 1703 in the course of the War of the Spanish Succession, Bavarian troops marched  over a mountain path on the Grünkopf - later called the "Franzosensteig" ("French Path") - and thus bypassed the Tyrolean fortifications of Porta Claudia in the Scharnitz Pass at the start of the Leutasch Valley (the "Leutascher Schanz"), which protected Tyrol from an invasion from the north via Mittenwald. The Bavarians thus entered Tyrol through Leutasch and Seefeld. In the course of 1703, further fighting took place in the area of the pass fortifications near Scharnitz and Leutasch. During the 1805 campaign by Napoleon against Austria, French troops, coming from the north, besieged the Scharnitz and Leutasch passes. Following the example of  the Bavarian troops a hundred years earlier, they reached Leutasch via the "Franzosensteig" and were able to capture the Scharnitz Pass via Seefeld.