Elizabeth Eastlake
Elizabeth, Lady Eastlake (17 November 1809 – 2 October 1893), born Elizabeth Rigby, was a British author, art critic and art historian, who made regular contributions for the "Quarterly Review". She is known not only for her writing but also for her significant role in the London art world. Life. Elizabeth Eastlake was born in Norwich into the large family of Edward and Anne Rigby. Her father, a physician and classical scholar, and her mother included her in their social life and conversation with prominent citizens and intellectuals. Elizabeth was fond of drawing from a young age and continued  studying art into her twenties, when she was taught to draw and etch by the artist Edward Daniell. She was privately educated and learnt French and Italian, but after an illness in 1827, she was sent to convalesce in Germany and Switzerland. She stayed two years and started a lifetime of publication with a translation of Johann David Passavant's essay on English art; a second trip to Germany in 1835 led to an article on Goethe. After travelling to Russia and Estonia to visit a married sister, her published letters and her travel book "A Residence on the Shores  of the Baltic" (1841) led to an invitation to write for the "Quarterly Review" by the editor, John Gibson Lockhart. In 1842, the widowed Anne Rigby moved with her daughters to Edinburgh, where Elizabeth's literary career brought entry to an intellectual social circle including prominent figures such as Lord Jeffrey, John Murray and David Octavius Hill, who photographed her in a series of about 20 early calotypes, assisted by Robert Adamson. Despite a diary entry in 1846 saying there were many "compensations" for unmarried women, three years later, at 40, Elizabeth married Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, artist, connoisseur, Director  of the National Gallery in London, and in 1853 the first president of the Photographic Society. She joined him in an active working and social life, entertaining artists such as Landseer and mixing with a wide range of well-known people, from Lord Macaulay to Lady Lovelace. Her habit of continental travel continued through the 1850s and 1860s as she and her husband toured several European countries in search of new acquisitions for the gallery. In 1857, she published her much-scrutinised essay "Photography", one of the earliest commentaries on it, effectively denying 'works of light' a place among the  fine arts, and detailing its permeation of nineteenth-century culture, its social institutions and the home, pronouncing it “a household word and a household want”. She continued to write prolifically, helping to popularise German art history in England, both as critic and as translator (Waagen and Kugler). Sometimes, she collaborated with her husband, and she wrote a memoir of him after his death in 1865. Italian art also absorbed her attention; Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Titian, Raphael and Dürer were the subjects of her "Five Great Painters" (1883). In 1895 her nephew Charles Eastlake Smith edited her "Letters and Correspondence , the first volume of which at least was read by the late 19th century English novelist George Gissing in July of the following year. Reputation. In the 20th century, aside from her Photography," she was remembered mostly for her scathing review of "Jane Eyre", of which she strongly disapproved. She disputed the morality of the novel, writing that ‘the popularity of Jane Eyre is a proof how deeply the love for illegitimate romance is implanted in our nature’ and summarising with ‘It is a very remarkable book: we have no remembrance of another combining such genuine power with such horrid  taste’. She is also known for her attacks on John Ruskin, assumed to be linked to her role as confidante to his estranged wife, Effie Gray. According to historian Rosemary Mitchell, however, her work as art historian and writer was significant and original. Mitchell considers Eastlake to have been a scholarly and perceptive critic, and Marion Lochhead regards Eastlake as a 'pioneer of feminine journalism', whereas Janice Schroeder decries her values supporting women's subordinate place in the class structure within British imperialism. In popular culture. Elizabeth is portrayed by Emma Thompson in the film Effie Gray, the script of  which was also written by Thompson.