Taifa of Murcia
The Taifa of Murcia () was an Arab "taifa" of medieval Al-Andalus, in what is now southern Spain. It became independent as a "taifa" centered on the Moorish city of Murcia after the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba (11th century). Moorish Taifa of Murcia included Albacete and part of Almería as well. The taifa is apparently the one that existed the greatest number of separate time periods (five): from 1011 to 1014, from 1065 to 1078, in 1145, from 1147 to 1172 and finally from 1228 to 1266 when it was absorbed by Castile, becoming  the Kingdom of Murcia, one of the constituent kingdoms of the Crown of Castile. Foundation. In the year 713, only two years after the Moorish invasion of the Peninsula, the emir Abd al Aziz occupied the province. Murcia was founded with the name of Medinat Mursiya in A.D. 825 by Abd ar-Rahman II, emir of Al-Andalus. The Moors, taking advantage of the course of the river Segura, created a complex network of irrigation channels that made the town prosperous and is the predecessor of the modern irrigation system. The traveller Muhammad al-Idrisi described it in the 12th  century as populous and strongly fortified. Establishment of the kingdom. After the fall of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031, Murcia passed successively under the rule of Almería, Toledo and Seville. From 1078 until 1091 it was under the forcible control of Seville, by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. In 1165, Ibn Mardanish was defeated in the Battle of Fahs al-Jullab by the Almohads. In 1172 Murcia was taken by the Almohades, and from 1223 to 1243 it became the capital of an independent kingdom. Aragon then Castile. James II called "Jaume II el Just" or the Just, a grandson  of James I, initiated in 1296 a final impulse of his army further southwards than the Biar-Busot pacts. His campaign aimed at the fertile countryside around Murcia whose local Muslim rulers were bound by pacts with Castile and governing by proxy on behalf of this kingdom; Castilian troops often raided the area to assert a sovereignty which, in any case, was not stable but characterized by the typical skirmishes and ever changing alliances of a frontier territory. The Castilians, led by King Alfonso X, took the Kingdom of Murcia at the end of this period, when large numbers of  immigrants from north Catalonia and Provence settled in the town; Catalan names are still not uncommon. In 1296, Murcia and its region were transferred to the Crown of Aragon, but in 1304, in virtue of the Treaty of Torrellas, it was finally incorporated as part of the Crown of Castile. See also. <BR>