Paul Ditisheim
Paul Ditisheim (1868–1945) was a Swiss watchmaker, inventor and industrialist. Early years. Paul Ditisheim was born into a wealthy family in 1868 in La Chaux-de-Fonds. The Ditisheims belonged to the small social circle of industrialist families that led the Swiss watch industry of the time. His father Gaspard and uncle Maurice Ditisheim (or Ditesheim) were the founders of the well known watch company Vulcain, one of the many watch companies started by Jewish families in the region. Ditisheim studied at the Ecole Industrielle and the Horological School of La Chaux-de-Fonds and worked in his  family’s company Vulcain until 1892, when he founded his own brands: Solvil (whose items were often signed Paul Ditisheim) and Titus (whose items were generally marked separately). Innovation and success. Paul Ditisheim was instrumental in developing the new generation of chronometers, improving them through his studies on the impact of atmospheric pressure and magnetic fields. He invented the affix balance. Thanks to his inventions, he was able to make the most precise chronometers ever made. By 1903, his watches were awarded by the Kew and Neuchâtel Observatories contests. In 1912, he won the "world’s chronometric record" of the  Royal Kew Observatory. He also worked closely with Physics Nobel prize winner Charles-Edouard Guillaume and has been considered the father of the modern chronometers. According to Professor M. Andrade of the Besançon Astronomical Observatory, Ditisheim’s work "“constitutes the most important progress of modern chronometry”". Later life. In the 1920s, Paul Ditisheim handed over the "Solvil et Titus" and "Paul Ditisheim" brands to wealthy Swiss entrepreneur and captain of industry Paul Bernard Vogel. Vogel, heir to a prestigious family of industrialist and married to the heiress of the prominent Eberard family, was also a member of the Swiss watch  industry’s elite. Vogel moved the company headquarters to Geneva and turned it into one of the largest and most successful brands of the time, expanding it over the world. In 1925, having sold his company, Ditisheim left La Chaux-de-Fonds and moved to Paris, where he worked with the earth oils chemist and director of the “laboratory Wiesner” to research and develop watch and clock oils. When France was invaded by the Germans during World War II, Paul Ditisheim was still in Paris, and, persecuted for being a Jew, was obliged to flee to Nice, where he lived  until a year before his death. He died in Geneva in 1945, aged 76.