Neufchâtel-en-Bray
Neufchâtel-en-Bray (; Norman: "Neucâtel-en-Bray, Le Câtel") is a commune situated in the Seine-Maritime department of the Normandy Region, northern France. The Neufchâtel cheese is made in the area. Geography. Location. Neufchâtel is a commune of the Pays de Bray, and is traversed by the river Béthune and its tributary the Philbert. Neufchâtel is situated about 10 miles (15 km) from Londinières and Saint-Saëns, about 12 miles (17 km) from Forges-les-Eaux, about 15 miles (21 km) from Buchy, about 19 miles (27 km) from Aumale, about 20 miles from Blangy-sur -Bresle and about 25 miles (36 km) from Dieppe. Major highways. The city is located near the intersection of Autoroute A28 which runs from Rouen to Abbeville and A29 (the Beuzeville-Le Havre-Amiens-Saint-Quentin route). Toponymy. Old forms: Drincurt (1040–1047), Druoncurt 1152, Drioncurt (1174–1188), Driencourt was the most common form often distorted as Lincourt, an old toponym that disappeared completely by the 15th century. It signifies “Drugo's farm”, the name of a Germanic person, which is always declined in the oblique case for names ending in -court and found in the patronym Druon. “Driencourt” has a homonym  with Driencourt (Somme). Names ending in -court predate the formation of the Duchy of Normandy and correspond with the Frankish expansion. The old parish of Nogent, from the Celtic Novientum “new establishment” (perhaps the primitive Gallic name), has been linked to Neufchâtel. It received its current name from a castle built there by Henry Beauclerc in the 12th century. At that time, it began to be called by its Norman name, Neufcastel, and was referred to by both names until the 15th century. A French form usually replaces a dialectal form, as is noted, with large towns. North of the  Joret line, the form of the name normally would be Neufcastel, like the very small village of Radicatel. On the other hand, Bourg-Achard or Pont-de-l'Arche underwent the same Francization: they are normally Bourg-Acard (similar to the surname Acard) and Pont-de-l'Arque (see also Arques-la-Bataille, a small parish). History. It is the former capital of the Pays de Bray and a former fortress town. The fortress was dismantled in 1596. The city was sieged, burned and destroyed several times during the wars between the 12th and 16th centuries. In 1463, Louis XI of France  installed his chancery. Many letters and administrative acts refer to this place. He stayed here for a few months in 1463 and one month in 1464 with his wife Queen Charlotte of Savoy. In July 1472, after the Siege of Beauvais, Charles le Téméraire totally destroyed the city. It was the seat of the district from 1790 to 1795. The town was occupied by the Prussian army during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The Arrondissement of Neufchâtel was dissolved following the Poincaré Decree. The downtown area was bombarded on 19 and 24 May 1940 and again on Wednesday 7  June 1940 during the Battle of France in World War II, causing a fire that burnt for several days, destroying most of it. During the reconstruction, a political administration had been created by Robert Auzelle, which rebuilt the mayor's office, court, tax office and theater in the same place and style as before. On 9 April 1962, Neufchâtel changed its name to Neufchâtel-en-Bray. Population. In 2017, the commune had 4,737 inhabitants. Economy. In terms of employment, the city is marked by a preponderance of public sector jobs. As of 2010, the hospital had 210 employees, the high  school (200 employees), the commune (130 employees) and the middle school (80 employees). The private sector is primarily represented by the Leclerc Center (120 employees) and the industrial zone enterprises; Celec (40 salaried employees), Mecanolav Ridel (40 salaried employees), Grosse Équipement and Peltier Nettoyage (more than 30 employees each), followed by Maison Régionale de l'Eau (MRE), Poxblanc Charpentes, Bastéa Constructeur, Guerard (20 jobs each), and many other artisanal, commercial, and small enterprises. Municipal services. A former arrondissement seat, Neufchâtel-en-Bray has a number of public amenities, including a local hospital and a public secondary school divided into three departments  (general education, vocational and agricultural). Until 2010, there was a civil court and a commercial court, victims of the Dati reform. The community also lost a station on the Paris-Saint-Lazarre – Dieppe line when the line from Serqueux and Dieppe was removed (a move ruled illegal by the administrative court). Today, Neufchâtel-en-Bray is served by Transport Express Régional (TER) Upper Normandy buses connecting Dieppe to Gare de Gisors via Serqueux. The Neufchâtel-en-Bray station, rebuilt after World War II in a local style, is now a venue while the railroad bed is a hiking trail. The  town also has sports facilities (swimming pool and gym) and recently renovated cinema and theater. A supermarket and two hard-discounters are located in the Grand Flandre zone and another hard-discounter is located downtown. Sister city. Whitchurch, Shropshire, United Kingdom, has been the sister city of Neufchâtel-en-Bray since 1975. Fairs. The fair is around the first Sunday in September. References. This article is based on a translation of the following article: