Punggol East Single Member Constituency
Punggol East Single Member Constituency was a single member constituency (SMC) located in the north-eastern area of Singapore. Following the release of the Electoral Boundaries Review committee report for the 2020 general elections, Punggol East SMC was merged into the 4-member Sengkang Group Representation Constituency (GRC). History. In 2011, the constituency was carved out from Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC , and it was the sole constituency to feature a three-cornered contest for the election (and also the first three-cornered contest since 2001, where it contested Bukit Timah SMC). The election was won  by People's Action Party's Michael Palmer, who was the incumbent MP of the ward with 54.54% of the votes, beating Workers' Party's newcomer Lee Li Lian and Singapore Democratic Alliance's secretary-general Desmond Lim, who garnered 41.01% and 4.45% of the votes, respectively. As Lim has garnered less than the 12.5% vote threshold, his election deposit was forfeited by the election department. Following Palmer's resignation on December, the ward was placed in the care of Minister of State Teo Ser Luck, who was the MP of the neighbouring Pasir Ris-Pungggol GRC. On 9 January  2013, a by-election for the ward was announced to be held on 26 January. On 10 January, PAP unveiled their candidate for the by-election: Dr Koh Poh Koon, a 40-year-old colorectal surgeon from Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, who had joined the party only three weeks prior. Both WP's Lee and SDA's Lim had returned to contest the by-election. The election also featured a fourth candidate, the Secretary-general of Reform Party, Kenneth Jeyaretnam, who he previously contested West Coast GRC in the 2011 election. There were two rounds of rallies in this by -election, Workers' Party's rally drew the most audiences amounting ranging 5,000 to 12,000 audiences, while Singapore Democratic Alliance using the social media and technology to draw audiences via a series of videos posted to YouTube. During the vote counting, SDA's Desmond Lim officially conceded defeat. Jeyaretnam and Lim both lost their election deposit in this by-election. At 0.57%, Lim also set a record for the lowest percentage garnered in an election since post-independence Singapore. WP's Lee won the by-election with 16,038 votes, or 54.52% (Including overseas votes, the percentage of valid votes cast were  54.50%, or 16,045 votes), marking the second by-election where an opposition had won a parliament seat from the ruling party, after 1981. She was sworn in at the Parliament on 4 February 2013, and held her Meet-The-People session on the same day. After Lee's victory of the SMC, Aljunied-Hougang Town Council went for a merger with Punggol East to achieve economics of scale named Aljunied-Hougang-Punggol East Town Council. This ward has been absorbed into a new Sengkang GRC for the 2020 general election, after the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee (EBRC) released its report  on 13 March 2020, and renamed Rivervale.