Harold Thomas (artist)
Harold Joseph Thomas (born 1947), also known as Bundoo, is an Aboriginal Australian artist and former activist, known for designing and copyrighting the Australian Aboriginal Flag. He designed the flag in 1971 as a symbol of the Aboriginal land rights movement, and in 1995 it was made an official "Flag of Australia". He later asserted copyright over his design, eventually transferring that copyright to the Commonwealth of Australia and making it freely available for public use in January 2022. Early life and education. Harold Joseph Thomas (Bundoo) was born in 1947 to a Wombai father and Luritja  mother in Alice Springs, Northern Territory. He remembers drawing and painting on pieces of paper from an early age. At seven years old, he was removed from his family as part of the Stolen Generations and was raised in South Australia by a foster family. In 1966, aged 17, Thomas won a scholarship to study at the South Australian School of Art, graduating with Honours in 1969, becoming the first Aboriginal person to graduate from an Australian art school. It was while he was studying that he became involved in the civil rights movement. In 1968 he held his first  exhibition of watercolour paintings in Adelaide, which was opened by then premier Don Dunstan. Art practice and career. In 1970 he was the first Aboriginal person to be employed at the South Australian Museum, working as a survey artist. This gave him access to a huge collection of Aboriginal artefacts as well as a wide range of art. His main artistic influences include painters Caravaggio, Francisco Goya and Eugène Delacroix. In 1972 he moved to the "Top End", and started painting the landscape and wildlife, especially watercolours. He changed his subject matter and style dramatically in 2016, when he started  painting representations of Aboriginal people's first and subsequent contact with European colonisers, including the frontier wars. In 2016 his painting "Tribal Abduction", a scene of an Aboriginal baby being torn by police from its mother's breast, depicting a scene relating to the Stolen Generations (of which he is a member,) won the top prize of , the Telstra Art Award, in the 33rd Telstra National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Awards (NATSIAAs). Australian Aboriginal Flag. Thomas designed the flag in 1970 to lead a demonstration at the NADOC (now NAIDOC) march. It was first flown at a land  rights rally on 9 July 1971 in Adelaide, South Australia, as a symbol of the Aboriginal land rights movement. In 1972 it was adopted by the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra. In 1991, he created a number watercolour paintings for a set of limited prints to celebrate 20 years of the flag. On 14 July 1995 the flag was made an official "Flag of Australia". In 1997 Thomas was involved in a high-profile case in the Federal Court and the High Court, to assert copyright over his design. The outcome was that he was declared the copyright owner of  the flag's design, according to Australian copyright law. In 2010 Thomas was involved in a dispute with Google over its intended use of a 12-year-old Australian girl's artwork incorporating the Australian Aboriginal Flag into its logo. Thomas refused to allow Google to use the image featuring the flag after negotiations over compensation failed. Thomas claimed that Google had opened negotiations with a request for free use of the flag and, while he allowed free use to non-commercial operations that gave health, educational, legal and other assistance to Aboriginal people, he charged a fee to commercial  operations. Thomas went on to give exclusive commercial rights to three companies, "one to reproduce flags, and the others to reproduce the image on objects and clothing". One of these companies, WAM Clothing, issued infringement notices to various organisations, including the AFL, NRL, and Aboriginal non-profits. On 21 December 2021 Thomas created the authentic digital representation of the flag, minted as a non-fungible token (NFT) to commemorate the 50th year of the flag. On 25 January 2022, after three years of negotiation, Thomas assigned the copyright of the flag to the Commonwealth of Australia, in a deal that  makes it free for public use by anybody. He said he hoped that the democratisation of the flag would "provide comfort to all Aboriginal people and Australians to use the flag". In February 2022 it was revealed that the Morrison government paid m to Thomas to assume copyright. it also paid m to two non-Indigenous businesses who held licences to use the flag. Other work. In 1972 Thomas illustrated "Tales told to Kabbarli: Aboriginal legends collected by Daisy Bates" (stories collected by author Daisy Bates, retold by Barbara Ker Wilson). He also did the illustrations for "Jagardoo: Poems from  Aboriginal Australia" (1977), by Jack Davis, and "Kurkali the Lizard" (1994), a children's picture book by Charlie Stream. In 1973-4 he produced and directed a mythological play called "Pelicans Dream". In 1995 he was chair of the Northern Territory Stolen Generation Committee. Personal life. Thomas has lived in Humpty Doo in Northern Territory, near Darwin, since the 1990s.