International Council of Onomastic Sciences
The International Council of Onomastic Sciences (ICOS) is an international academic organization of scholars with a special interest in onomastics, the scientific study of names (e.g. place-names, personal names, and proper names of all other kinds). The official languages of ICOS are English, French, and German. Work of the scholars of ICOS. Members research: They are also involved in practical projects such as the international standardization of geographical names. One of the aims of ICOS, unlike many national societies for name-study, is the advancement, representation and co-ordination of name-research on an  international level and in an interdisciplinary context. To achieve this goal, it is committed to the publication of research and the development of research tools. Thus, its members come from diverse disciplines such as linguistics, philology, history, sociology, anthropology, psychology, geography and literary research. This organization replaced the former International Committee of Onomastic Sciences, which was composed exclusively of representatives of member countries and did not welcome individual researchers as this new structure allows. Section::::"Onoma". ICOS publishes the annual journal "Onoma", which is its official publication. "Onoma" is managed by a General Editor in conjunction with an Editorial Board. It  contains topical research reports as well as basic theoretical articles concerning all areas of scholarly name research. ICOS also publishes an irregular newsletter. . Working groups. ICOS has two active working groups, striving: Congresses. The International Congress of Onomastic Sciences, which is normally held every three years, is a major academic conference organised on behalf of ICOS by one of its members. The General Assembly of ICOS, which also functions as its business meeting, and at which its officers are elected, is usually held at these congresses. The ordinary business of ICOS is transacted by the elected board of directors. Until  the present, the following congresses have been run: The proceedings of each congress are available at the ICOS website.