Dutch National Opera
The Dutch National Opera (DNO; formerly De Nederlandse Opera, now De Nationale Opera in Dutch) is a Dutch opera company based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Its present home base is the Dutch National Opera & Ballet housed in the Stopera building, a modern building designed by Cees Dam and Wilhelm Holzbauer which opened in 1986. History. The DNO was established shortly after the end of World War II as a repertory company with a permanent ensemble. In the postwar period, it toured extensively in the Netherlands from its home base in the Stadsschouwburg, a "fin de siècle" theatre on  the Leidseplein in Amsterdam. In 1964, it was renamed "De Nederlandse Operastichting". ("The Dutch Opera Foundation"), and the company adopted a "stagione" orientation, inviting different soloists and artistic teams for each new production. In 1986, the company moved to the new Stopera building, which it shares with the Dutch National Ballet, and thereafter became known as De Nederlandse Opera (DNO). In 2014, the company changed its name to "De Nationale Opera" (Dutch National Opera). The DNO has its own choir of sixty singers and a technical staff of 260. The DNO historically has not had its own resident orchestra, and  so various orchestras of the Netherlands, including the Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra (NPO), the Netherlands Chamber Orchestra (NKO), the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, the Radio Filharmonisch Orkest, Residentie Orkest, Den Haag (The Hague Philarmonic) and the Asko/Schönberg ensemble have provided the orchestral forces for DNO productions. The DNO produces on average eleven productions per year. While most performances are in the Dutch National Opera & Ballet building, the company has also performed in the Stadsschouwburg, at the Carré Theatre, and on the Westergasfabriek industrial site in Amsterdam. For many years, the June production has been organized as part  of the Holland Festival and includes the participation of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. The DNO has lent its productions to foreign companies, such as the Metropolitan Opera, the Brooklyn Academy of Music, and the Lincoln Center Festival in New York, as well as the Adelaide Festival in Australia. Pierre Audi was artistic director of the DNO from 1998 to 2018. In April 2017, the DNO announced the appointment of Sophie de Lint as the company's next artistic director, effective 1 September 2018. Hartmut Haenchen was chief conductor from 1986 to 1999, in parallel with holding the title of chief  conductor of the NPO. He subsequently held the title of principal guest conductor with the DNO. Subsequent chief conductors have been Edo de Waart (1999-2004) and Ingo Metzmacher (2005-2008). In March 2009, the DNO announced the appointment of Marc Albrecht as the orchestra's next chief conductor, with the 2011-2012 season, for an initial contract of four years. This return to a single chief conductor at both the DNO and the NPO/NKO allows for the NPO to become the principal opera orchestra for the DNO. Albrecht stood down as chief conductor of the DNO at the  end of the 2019-2020 season. In April 2019, the DNO announced the appointment of Lorenzo Viotti as its next chief conductor, effective with the 2021-2022 season.