J. Anthony Lukas
Jay Anthony Lukas (April 25, 1933 – June 5, 1997) was an American journalist and author, probably best known for his 1985 book "Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families". "Common Ground" is a classic study of race relations, class conflict, and school busing in Boston, Massachusetts, as seen through the eyes of three families: one upper-middle-class white, one working-class white, and one working-class African-American. Early years. J. Anthony Lukas was born to Elizabeth and Edwin Lukas in White Plains, New York, followed by a younger brother in  1935, Christopher Lukas. His mother was an actress, and his uncle Paul Lukas was an Academy Award–winning actor. Lukas at first wanted to be an actor. After his mother committed suicide and his father's illness after her death, he was at the age of eight enrolled in the coeducational Putney School in Vermont. He attended Harvard University, where he worked at the "Harvard Crimson" and graduated "magna cum laude" in 1955. He continued his education at the Free University of Berlin as an Adenauer Fellow. Thereafter, he served in the United States Army in Japan, where he wrote  commentaries for VUNC (the Voice of the United Nations Command). Career. Lukas began his professional journalism career at the "Baltimore Sun", then moved to "The New York Times". He stayed at the "Times" for nine years, working as a roving reporter, and serving at the Washington, D.C., New York City, and United Nations bureaus, and overseas in Ceylon, India, Japan, Pakistan, South Africa and Zaire. After working at the "New York Times Magazine" as a staff writer and freelancer for a short time in the 1970s (where he notably covered the Watergate scandal in two issue-length articles that served  as the basis for a 1976 book, "Nightmare: The Underside of the Nixon Years"), Lukas quit reporting to pursue a career in book and magazine writing, becoming known for writing intensely researched nonfiction works. He was a contributor to "The Atlantic Monthly", the "Columbia Journalism Review", "Esquire", "Harper's Magazine", "The Nation", "The New Republic", and the "Saturday Review". Additionally, he was the co-founder and editor of "MORE", a "critical journal" on the news media which "collapsed" in 1978, and a "contributing editor to the "New Times", an alternative magazine that folded also in 1978." Death. Lukas had been  diagnosed with depression in the late 1980s. In an interview that followed the publication of "Common Ground" in 1985, he had given some hints about his frame of mind, linking it with his career as a writer: All writers are, to one extent or another, damaged people. Writing is our way of repairing ourselves. In my own case, I was filling a hole in my life which opened at the age of eight, when my mother killed herself, throwing our family into utter disarray. My father quickly developed tuberculosis – psychosomatically triggered, the doctors thought – forcing him to seek treatment in  an Arizona sanatorium. We sold our house and my brother and I were shipped off to boarding school. Effectively, from the age of eight, I had no family, and certainly no community. That's one reason the book worked: I wasn't just writing a book about busing. I was filling a hole in myself. In 1997, Lukas' book, "", was undergoing final revisions. Lukas committed suicide on June 5. The suicide by hanging occurred in his apartment on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He was survived by his wife, book editor Linda Healey. Awards. Lukas won his first Pulitzer  Prize in 1968 for "The Two Worlds of Linda Fitzpatrick" in the now-defunct award category of Local Investigative Specialized Reporting. The "New York Times" article documented the life of a teenager from a wealthy, Greenwich, Connecticut-based family who became involved in drugs and the hippie movement before being bludgeoned to death in the basement of an East Village tenement. Lukas was previously awarded a George Polk Award in Local Reporting in 1967 for the story. Almost twenty years later, he received the Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction for "Common Ground", as well as the U.S. National Book Award  for Nonfiction, the National Book Critics Award, the 1985-1986 Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights Book Award and the Political Book of the Year Award. The Lukas Prize Project, co-administered by the Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism and the Nieman Foundation at Harvard, supports the work of American nonfiction writers. It hosts conferences and presents three annual awards: the J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize, the Mark Lynton History Prize, and the J. Anthony Lukas Work-in-Progress Award.