R211 (New York City Subway car)
The R211 is a new technology (NTT) New York City Subway car being built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the B Division and the Staten Island Railway (SIR). They will replace two aging subway car models: all R44 cars on the Staten Island Railway and all R46 subway cars. The order is split into three parts: R211A and R211T cars for the subway and R211S cars for the SIR. The R211Ts employ open gangways between cars, a feature not present on current rolling stock. The base order consists of 535 cars, with options  for up to 1,077 additional cars. Planning for the R211 order started in 2011. The design process started in 2012, at which time the order was supposed to consist of cars. The cars' lengths were changed to by 2015, and the first request for proposals was solicited in July 2016. After several changes to the proposal, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) awarded a contract to Kawasaki in January 2018. Delivery of the pilot cars began at the end of June 2021. They contain new features such as wider doors, information displays, Wi-Fi, LED-lit doorways, open gangways, and LED  interior lighting. Component orders. With all options exercised, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) plans to spend $3.686 billion in the order. The contract is split into three parts: R211A, R211S, and R211T. The majority of the 535-car base order will comprise 440 R211A cars that will partially replace the aging 748-car R46 fleet. There will also be 20 R211T open gangway prototype cars, and 75 R211S cars which are expected to replace the remaining 61-car R44 fleet on the Staten Island Railway. The R44s and R46s are long, and the R211s are only . As a  result, the 752 R46s would need to be replaced by 940 R211s. There will be two options for additional cars: the first for 640 cars and the second for 437 cars. Both options are designed to accommodate either standard cars or open gangway cars, depending on the test results from the 20 pilot cars. If all options are exercised, the order would total 1,612 cars. Any additional cars that do not replace existing rolling stock will be used to expand the system's fleet. The R211 order would provide 1,015 new cars to replace existing fleet, as well as up  to 597 cars for fleet expansions following the extension of the Second Avenue Subway and the automation of the New York City Subway. The R211Ts would also increase capacity and allow passengers to walk seamlessly from one car to the next. Features. The doors on the R211s are wide, wider than the current MTA standard of , thereby projected to reduce station dwell time by 25 to 30 percent. This design change partially incorporates a design feature of the R110A prototype subway cars, which had doors that are wide. The new cars have Wi-Fi installed, USB chargers, digital advertisements, digital  customer information displays, illuminated door opening alerts, and security cameras, unlike the current New Technology Trains, which lack these features. Each car contains an on-board computer system that could detect breakdowns in critical systems such as braking and door-opening. It was announced in July 2016 that some of the cars would have open gangways that allowed passengers to move between cars during train movement. To test out the curve radius and gangway flex in the existing 60-foot-long cars, an R143 test train was equipped with measuring gauges and was operated on most parts of the B  Division. Compared to previous New Tech train orders, the R211s have seen vast changes. On the exterior, the subway cars have a blue front with large windows, LED headlights, and a blue strip with gold accents on the sides, similar to the new MTA Regional Bus Operations livery released in 2016. To designate the route, a large LED screen with the route bullet is displayed at the ends of the train, a feature similar to trains with rollsigns (R40 to R68A). The route's destination is displayed above the door on the front, similar to the overhead rollsign arrangement last  used on the R38 order from 1966, which displayed both the route and destination. On the sides, there is a screen that displays both the route bullet and the route's destination, also similar to rollsign-equipped trains. There are also several changes in interior appearance. Updated FIND displays are installed over doors. The seating on the inside is blue and gold, and flip seats are installed to allow for space for wheelchairs. There are also looped stanchions, a feature found in some R46, R62A, and R160 cars, as well as on all R179 cars. As part of an action  plan to fix the subway's state of emergency of 2017, many of the R211's features were implemented on several R160s assigned to the E, F, and L routes. In addition to various screens throughout the train, touch screen displays are present throughout the subway cars, allowing people to zoom in and out of the map. All R211A and R211T cars are equipped for communications-based train control (CBTC) in conjunction with the ongoing automation of B Division lines. All R211S cars are equipped with cab signaling. History. Initial request for proposals. The R211 Design Master Plan was  approved by the MTA in December 2011, and design planning began in December 2012. An R211 solicitation was posted in the classified section of "Metro Magazine"'s May 9, 2013, issue, stating the proposal to acquire these cars in the near future. At the time, the order was planned to be in length, the same length as the R46 cars. Open-gangways, which would allow passengers to seamlessly walk throughout the train or units, and other alternate configurations were also initially considered for the entire order. By the release of the MTA's 2015-2019 Capital Program in October 2015 , the order specified cars, which has been the standard length of new B Division cars since the R143 order. , open-gangways will be tested on ten cars (now designated as the R211T). Additionally, the order was broken up into a base order of 565 R211A cars and two option orders: the first for 375 R211A cars, and a second for up to 520 R211As. The Request for Proposal (RFP) was issued on July 22, 2016, and the contract was to be put out for bidding. With the RFP, the breakup of the order was changed. The base order consisted  of 285 cars, with 10 R211T cars, 75 R211S cars, and 200 R211A cars. There were still two option orders; the first option order contained 740 cars (either R211As or R211Ts, depending on the success of the R211Ts in the base order), and the second base order contained 520 cars. The RFP closed in December 2016, and the contract was expected to be awarded in early 2017, at which time the existing R46 fleet would be 42 years old, making the oldest cars years old, in 2022. However, in January 2017, the contract was pushed back to mid-2017. On  April 24, 2017, at the New York City Transit Board Meeting, the breakdown of the order was changed once again. The base order now includes 535 cars (an increase of 250 cars), with 10 R211T cars, 75 R211S cars, and 450 R211A cars. The option order now consisted of between 490 and 640 R211T cars. This change was made to allow for faster deliveries of the R211 cars. The R211As, with their standard configuration, would be delivered in 2021, earlier than the open-gangway R211T cars, which would not be delivered until at least 2023. Contract. Creation  of mockup and contract award. In May 2017, the MTA quietly built a mockup of the R211 in a sparsely-used section of the 34th Street–Hudson Yards station's mezzanine, hidden behind a construction wall. The "New York Daily News" first reported on the mockup's existence in September of that year. The mockup contains features such as the open-gangway designs, digital screens showing next stops and their station layouts, multicolor lights next to the doors to indicate which set of doors will open, and a blue-and-gold-stripe paint design on its exterior. The model was  completed and was made publicly accessible from November 30 to December 6, 2017, so riders could review it. In August 2017, Bombardier Transportation, who was manufacturing the R179s at the time, was banned from bidding on the R211 contract due to various delays and problems associated with the R179 contract. Shortly afterward, it was reported that CRRC had also opted out of contention for the R211 contract, leaving Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Alstom Transport as two of the likely bidders for the contract. On January 19, 2018, the MTA Board suggested that Kawasaki Rail Car, Inc, a subsidiary of Kawasaki  Heavy Industries of Kobe, Japan, be awarded the $1.4 billion base order for the first 535 new R211 cars. The cars are anticipated to be delivered from 2020 to 2023, with the option orders to be delivered by 2025. The R211 base order includes 20 R211T cars with open gangways; 75 R211S cars for the Staten Island Railway, to be delivered near the end of the base order; and 440 cars similar to the R143/R160 series, operating in five-car units. The cars are being assembled at Kawasaki's factories in Lincoln, Nebraska, and Yonkers, New York . The first test train was then expected to be delivered in July 2020, with the production cars being delivered between 2021 and 2023. At the same time it was announced that there would be two option orders, with the first consisting of 640 cars, and the second consisting of 437 cars in 89 sets. In October 2018, it was confirmed that the second option order would consist of 89 sets, and in September 2019, it was confirmed that the 89 sets would be formed from 437 cars. The entire order will consist of 1,612 cars with both options exercised. The  delivery of the base order is scheduled to be completed by August 2023, with option 1 and option 2 completed by December 2024 and October 2025 respectively. Delays in delivery. By January 2019, the first R211A train was scheduled to be delivered in July 2020, but was delayed to January 2021. Thereafter, new R211 cars would have been produced and delivered at a rate of 30 to 40 cars per month. The first two test trains of ten R211T open-gangway cars would have been delivered in May 2021, followed by the first 5-car set of R211S cars  for the Staten Island Railway in December 2021. Under the schedule outlined in January 2019, the base order of R211 cars would begin delivery in October 2021 and continue to be delivered through mid-2023. If the two option orders of 1,077 cars were exercised, deliveries would have continued through late 2025. A decision on whether to make the first option order as open-gangway or standard trainsets would have needed to be decided by late 2022. It was also announced in January 2019 that Kawasaki had made a full-car mock-up of the R211 fleet. In late November 2020 , the MTA announced that delivery of the first cars was delayed to the first quarter of 2021. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic had impacted global supply chains and the delivery of the first cars was delayed by between 9 and 14 months. By January 2021, the first cars were scheduled to arrive in April. The R211T open-gangway test trains were delayed to April 2022, while the R211S Staten Island Railway test train was delayed to August 2022. Deliveries of the base order of R211As were scheduled for September 2022 to September 2024, while deliveries of the R211S  cars were scheduled for October 2023 to June 2024. Kawasaki planned to deliver 22 cars per month, a rate that an independent engineering consultant for the MTA described as "aggressive". In late March 2021, TV station NY1 reported that delivery of the first cars had slipped further, with the arrival of the first cars delayed to June 2021. At its June 2021 meeting, the MTA's Capital Program Oversight Committee announced the R211A pilot had been delayed to July 2021 and the R211T test train had been delayed to June 2022. The production of the R211A base order, the  R211S test train, and the rest of the R211S order had the same timeline as was outlined in January 2021. Some of the other issues with the test train, such as cracks in the HVAC frame, had been identified in previous months and fixed. The base order of R211As had to be underway by November 2023 so there would be enough cars to test a communications-based train control (CBTC) system being installed on the IND Eighth Avenue Line. Delivery. Starting on June 29, 2021, the first set of R211As (4060–4064) was delivered to the New York City Transit Authority . The next five cars (4065–4069) were delivered starting on July 12, 2021, forming a complete pilot ten-car train for acceptance testing and evaluation. The test train was delivered despite a lack of staff in Nebraska and a shortage of important parts, which prompted an independent engineering consultant to predict that delivery of the test train could be delayed past July 2021. The pilot train was prepared at Coney Island Yard for several weeks before being tested without passengers starting in August 2021.