Romanian humour
Romanian humour, like many other Romanian cultural aspects, has many affinities with four other groups: the Latins (namely the French and Italians), the Balkan people (Greeks, the Slavs, and Turks), the Germans and the Hungarians. Characters. The earliest Romanian character found in anecdotes is Păcală. His name is derived from "a (se) păcăli" ('to fool oneself/somebody') and, since this word cannot be found in any other related language, we can safely assume that his name is part of the pure Romanian humour. The Ottoman influence brought the Balkan spirit and with it, other characters and situations . Anton Pann's character, Nastratin Hogea, is a classic example of an urban tradesman. As Jewish people settled in many Romanian regions, two other characters joined Romanian humour: "Iţic" and "Ştrul", a pair of cunning Jews, mainly seen as ingenious, but avaricious shopkeepers. With modernization and urbanization, especially during the Communist regime, Romanians needed a new character, different from the traditional Păcală, and he was found in Bulă, the tragicomic absolute idiot. In 2006 Bulă was voted the 59th greatest Romanian. With the fall of communism and facing capitalism, a new kind of joke became popular: that of "Alinuţa", a  sadistic and stupid 10-year-old girl. Example: Alinuţa: "Mum, I don't like grandma." Mum: "Shut up, we eat what we have!" Other popular characters are Ion and Maria, a pair of young married or engaged innocent peasants, sometimes depicted as gypsies. Almost all jokes including them are sexually oriented. Another well-known character is Badea Gheorghe, mainly depicted as an old shepherd with a very simplistic view of life, death and material possessions. The newest character is Dorel, the archetype of a careless construction worker, engineer or electrician. Originally the name of a clumsy and ill-experienced worker  from a series of TV adverts, Dorel is often depicted as the sole author of weird construction works as door-less balconies or even stairs leading to nowhere or as the cause of blunders leading to comic incidents. Ethnic jokes. Gypsies. Jokes about Ţigani (Gypsy) ethnic minority in Romania. Recurring themes are: stealing, refusing to work, having too many children, atrocious personal hygiene and bad personal finance management – essentially, the major stereotypes about Roma in Romania. Romanians. A common joke about Romanian people is that they tend to be very gullible. Scotsmen. Scotsmen are presented as stingy, mean, dumb and  feisty kilt-wearing skulks, who act against common sense just to save a small amount of money. Russians. In Romanian humour, Russians are usually depicted as heavy drinkers with a particular fondness for vodka. Somalis and Ethiopians. Somalis are seen as underweight and hungry. Albanians. Albanians are portrayed as very technologically impaired. Hungarians. Hungarians are seen as proud, but naive. The stereotypical Hungarian is called Janos and usually is accompanied by a Romanian named Ion. Regions of Romania. One feature of Romanian humour is that, apart from the ethnic jokes, there are also jokes about people of different regions. They  are usually told by using archetypical or cliché expressions and dialect terms typical for the region. For instance Moldavians pronounce /tʃ/ as /ʃ/ and /e/ as /i/, Oltenians make use of the perfect simple (rarely used in other regions) and the Transylvanians use some words of Hungarian and German origin such as 'musai' (meaning "must") or 'fain' (meaning "nice"), and start every other sentence with the interjection "No" (not as a negative answer, which would be "nu", but meaning "So" or "Well"). Stereotypes. "Policemen": Most Romanian people are not fond of the law enforcement institutions and try to avoid contact  with constables. Romanian public opinion about policemen says that they are primitive, uneducated and totally corrupt. Some of these police jokes belong to the absurd genre. Politics. Especially during the communist regime, political jokes were very popular, although they were illegal and dangerous to tell. In the democratic Romania, these jokes are still popular, although the themes changed: now the politicians are seen either, as hopelessly corrupt, greedy, or as nationalist madmen. As Ben Lewis put it in his essay, "Communism was a humor-producing machine. Its economic theories and system of repression created inherently funny situations. There were jokes  under fascism and Nazism too, but those systems did not create an absurd, laugh-a-minute reality like communism." "Radio Yerevan": just like in the most countries of the former Eastern bloc, Radio Yerevan jokes were popular during the communist times.