Northern Indo-Aryan languages
The Northern Indo-Aryan languages, also known as Pahāṛi languages, are a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the lower ranges of the Himalayas, from Nepal in the east, through the Indian states of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, reaching as far west as the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir. The name "Pahari" (not to be confused with the various other languages with that name) is Grierson's term. Classification. The Pahari languages fall into three groups. Eastern Pahari Central Pahari Western Pahari Comparison. In Eastern and Central Pahari the verb substantive is formed from  the root "ach", as in both Rajasthani and Kashmiri. In Rajasthani its present tense, being derived from the Sanskrit present "rcchami", I go, does not change for gender. But in Pahari and Kashmiri it must be derived from the rare Sanskrit particle "*rcchitas", gone, for in these languages it is a participial tense and does change according to the gender of the subject. Thus, in the singular we have: – Here we have a relic of the old Khasa language, which, as has been said, seems to have been related to Kashmiri. Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western  India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of "epenthesis", or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of disaspiration. Thus, Khas "siknu", Kumauni "sikno", but Hindi "sikhna", to learn; Kumauni "yeso", plural "yasa", of this kind. Materials regarding Western Pahari are not so complete. The speakers are not brought into contact with Tibeto-Burman languages, and hence we find no trace of these. But the signs of the influence of north-western languages are, as might be expected, still more apparent than farther east. In some  dialects epenthesis is in full swing, as in (Churahi) "khata", eating, fern, "khaiti". Very interesting is the mixed origin of the postpositions defining the various cases. Thus, while that of the genitive is generally the Rajasthani ro, that of the dative continually points to the west. Sometimes it is the Sindhi "khë". At other times it is "jo", where is here a locative of the base of the Sindhi genitive postposition "jo". In all Indo-Aryan languages, the dative postposition is by origin the locative of some genitive one. In vocabulary, Western Pahari often employs, for the more common ideas , words which can most readily be connected with the north-western and Pisaca groups. About. The Himalayas run along Nepal, India and Pakistan. The word 'Pahar' means a 'mountain' in most local languages such as Nepalese, Hindi (Parbat being a synonym) as well as Urdu (Koh being a synonym). Due to its mass prevalence and usage in the Himalayan Region, the language is also known as Himalayan. Like all other languages of the region, the Pahari languages are also from the Indo-European, and in particular Indo-Iranian branch of languages. As mountains have the tendency of isolating communities from  change, dialects in the mountains tend to have their own characteristics with some similarity to others mountain dialects while remaining isolated from one another – there does seem to be a dialect continuum. All of these dialects are commonly referred to as the 'Pahari' languages, and most people from the Himalayan range are known as Paharis.