John W. Nicholson Jr.
John William Nicholson Jr. (born May 8, 1957) is a retired United States Army four-star general who last commanded U.S. Forces – Afghanistan (USFOR-A) and the 41-nation NATO-led Resolute Support Mission from March 2, 2016, to September 2, 2018, succeeding General John F. Campbell. He was the longest-serving commander of NATO forces in Afghanistan until 2021, having been the senior officer in theatre for 2 years, 6 months. He was previously commanding general, Allied Land Command from October 2014 and commander of the 82nd Airborne Division. Nicholson is the son of John  W. Nicholson, also a former general officer in the United States Army, and is distantly related to British Brigadier General John Nicholson. Career. John W. Nicholson Jr. graduated from West Point in 1982 and was commissioned into the infantry. He earned a Bronze Star Medal with "V" device as a paratroop lieutenant during the invasion of Grenada in 1983. Nicholson was a strategist for General Eric Shinseki at the point of the 9/11 attacks. He went on to do six years in Afghanistan. He commanded companies in the 82nd Airborne Division and the 75th Ranger Regiment. He was a major  in the 3rd Infantry Division in Germany and later served in IFOR/SFOR in Sarajevo, Bosnia Hercegovina. As a lieutenant colonel he commanded the Army's first Stryker Infantry Battalion 1st Bn 23rd Infantry “Tomahawks” at Fort Lewis Washington. As a colonel, he commanded the 3rd Brigade Combat Team “Spartans” of the 10th Mountain Division. Nicholson was the deputy director of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization. He became commander of the 82nd Airborne Division in 2012. In 2014 Nicholson took control of the NATO Allied Land Command in Izmir, Turkey. Commander in Afghanistan. Nicholson was the longest-serving  commander of the Afghan War until 2021, having led the 41-nation NATO-led Resolute Support Mission and United States Forces-Afghanistan for two and a half years from March 2016 to September 2018. Nicholson told the Senate Armed Services Committee in 2016 that "Since 9/11, the U.S. campaign in Afghanistan has largely defined my service." He assumed command from General John F. Campbell on March 2, 2016. Nicholson was given command of the Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan, amid a worsening security situation. Nicholson apologized in person for U.S. involvement in the Kunduz hospital airstrike. His command spanned the  Obama and Trump Administrations. During the final year of the Obama Administration in 2016, the U.S. conducted a strike in Pakistan which killed the Taliban Emir Mullah Mansoor, made more extensive use of U.S. air support to Afghan forces, and received an increase in US force levels at the close of 2016. In April 2017, he authorized the dropping of the Massive Ordnance Air Burst (MOAB), the largest non-nuclear munition in the US inventory, on an ISIS strongpoint in the Pekha Valley of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. Afghan ground forces requested the airstrike when they were unable to enter the  area because of IS attacks from multiple tunnels. The MOAB destroyed the IS strongpoint and enabled successful offensive push deep into IS held terrain. During the first eight months of the Trump Administration in 2017, his recommendations were incorporated into the South Asia Strategy which was announced by President Trump on 17 Aug 2017. The strategy resulted in a pressure campaign on the enemy and their sponsors. On September 2, 2018, Nicholson relinquished command of the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission to General Austin Scott Miller at a ceremony in Kabul, Afghanistan. At the ceremony, Nicholson was praised as a  “warrior-diplomat”. His leadership and close relations with Afghan leaders were key to brokering the first universal ceasefire of the war in June 2018 and helped enable the launch of the current peace Initiative. Nicholson has testified before the following Congressional Committees: The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Senate Armed Services Committee. He participated in numerous sessions of the NATO North Atlantic Council, to include the Ambassadors to NATO, Chiefs of Defense, Defense Ministers, Foreign Ministers and Heads of State of the Alliance. In 2017, as the commanding general in  Afghanistan, Nicholson, drew attention when he said in a press conference that his command “continued to get reports of” Russian assistance to the Taliban, including weapons — something that was the subject of internal debate within the intelligence community at the time but appears to have been validated by media reporting in July 2020. Post-military career. Nicholson is an Adjunct Faculty member on leadership with Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School and is a member of Harvard's Belfer Center Elbe Group, which sustains a Track Two dialogue between retired American and Russian senior officials in the military and  intelligence fields. In April 2019, Nicholson joined the PenFed Foundation for Military Heroes as its president. On May 12, 2019, Nicholson received the Knight Commander's Cross, Great Cross with Star on the 70th anniversary of the Berlin Airlift from then Germany Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen. On May 18, 2019, Nicholson gave the commencement address to the 2019 graduating class of Institute of World Politics and received an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, Honoris Causa. On June 17, 2019, Nicholson was given an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters by the American University of Afghanistan alongside  David M. Rubenstein and General (Ret.) David Petraeus. On September 10, 2019, Nicholson gave a presentation on War and Leadership to students and faculty at the American University of Paris. On February 21, 2020, Nicholson was the closing speaker at the St. Petersburg Conference on World Affairs. On October 17, 2020, Nicholson was the keynote speaker for the unveiling of the statue The Pledge, which honors women in the military, at the Military Women's Memorial at Arlington National Cemetery. On October 28, 2020, it was announced that Nicholson would receive the 2020 Outstanding Service Award from Canine Companions for  Independence (CCI).