Thomas de Waal
Thomas Patrick Lowndes de Waal (born 1966) is a British journalist and writer on the Caucasus. He is best known for his 2003 book "". Life and career. Thomas was born in Nottingham, England. He is the son of Esther Aline (née Lowndes-Moir), a writer on religion, and Anglican priest Victor de Waal. He is the brother of Africa specialist Alex de Waal, barrister John de Waal, and potter and writer Edmund de Waal. Through his grandmother, Elisabeth de Waal (née Ephrussi), Thomas de Waal is related to the Ephrussi family who were wealthy Jewish bankers and  art patrons in pre-World War II Europe and whose fortunes started in 19th-century Odessa. He had done some research on the family's Russian branch, and helped with the research of his family's history by his brother Edmund de Waal, which led to the publication of the book "The Hare with Amber Eyes". Thomas de Waal graduated from Balliol College, Oxford, with a First Class Degree in Modern Languages (Russian and Modern Greek). He has reported for, amongst others, the BBC World Service, the "Moscow Times", and "The Times". He was a Caucasus editor at the Institute  for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) in London until December 2008, and later as a research associate with the peace-building NGO Conciliation Resources. From 2010 to 2015, de Waal worked as a senior associate in the Russia and Eurasia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, specialising primarily in the South Caucasus region. Currently he is a senior fellow with Carnegie Europe, specializing in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus region. He is the co-author of "Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus" (New York, 1998) and author of "Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War" (New York , 2003). In 2006 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia denied an entry visa to De Waal, who was due to attend in Moscow the presentation of a Russian version of his book on the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, citing a law that says a visa can be refused "in the aims of ensuring state security." De Waal believes that his visa denial was retaliation for his critical reporting about the Russian war in Chechnya. De Waal wrote the introduction to Anna Politkovskaya's first book in English, "A Dirty War" (critical of the Chechen war). Thomas de Waal Thomas