Dupuis
Éditions Dupuis S.A. () is a Belgian publisher of comic albums and magazines. Based in Marcinelle near Charleroi, Dupuis was founded in 1922 by Jean Dupuis, and is mostly famous for its comic albums and magazines. It is originally a French language publisher, but publishes many editions both in French and Dutch. Other language editions are mostly licensed to other publishers. Dupuis was for a long time a family business but was sold in the early 1980s and has since changed ownership a few times. Origin. The growth of Dupuis towards becoming the leading comic book editor of Belgium started  in 1938, when Dupuis added to its portfolio a men's magazine ("Le moustique" [the mosquito] in French, "Humoradio" in Dutch), a women's magazine ("Bonnes Soirées" [good evenings] in French, "De Haardvriend" [the hearth's friend] in Dutch) and the children's comics magazine "Spirou". The latter was originally only in French, and contained a mixture of American comics (e.g. "Superman", "Brick Bradford", and "Red Ryder") and new creations ("Spirou et Fantasio" and "Tif et Tondu"). A few months later, a Dutch edition called "Robbedoes" followed. Growth after WWII. After some difficulties during the war (mainly because of the  scarcity of paper towards the end of it, but also because American comics weren't allowed to be published anymore), Dupuis started to grow quickly. "Le moustique" became one of the leading magazines with information on radio and (later) television programs in Belgium, and "Spirou" was one of the two leading Franco-Belgian comics magazines (together with "Tintin" magazine). Dupuis started publishing some books as well, but had real success by republishing the comics that had appeared as serials in the magazine, collected as albums afterwards. Sometimes these were one shots, but mainly they came in series. Dupuis has some  of the best-selling European comic series, including "Lucky Luke", "The Smurfs", "Gaston Lagaffe" and "Largo Winch". Many of these comic albums have been reprinted constantly for thirty or forty years, thereby generating constant revenue for the editor. Stabilization and diversification. In the early sixties, Dupuis started with other activities, including the merchandising of its comic series (puppets, posters, etc.), and the making of animated movies. Most of these weren't very successful but further raised the visibility of their comics. Still, towards the end of the 1960s, the golden age of Dupuis seemed to be over. Some of the  magazines were struggling, the merchandising activities were vastly reduced, and the movie studio didn't seem to be producing any successful movies. But the core business, the comics and the main magazines, continued to be hugely successful, with a comics catalogue of more than 2000 titles available in French. Many of the series were turned into animated movies in the 1990s, including "Papyrus" and "Spirou et Fantasio", and are being sold as movies and comics throughout Europe. Dupuis has also started producing computer games. In June 2004, Dupuis was bought by Média-Participations, which now owns almost all major European  comic book publishers, including Dargaud and Le Lombard, More recently, in 2015, Dupuis joined with twelve other European comics publishing actors to create Europe Comics, a digital initiative co-funded by the European Commission's Creative Europe program. Main publications. This is a selection of magazines and comics series originally or mainly published by Dupuis. Some titles later changed to a different publisher. Comics series. Listed by year of first publication by Dupuis, with main authors given. Many series were also continued or temporarily taken over by other artists and writers.