Lycodon rufozonatus
Lycodon rufozonatus is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to East Asia. It is medium-sized, nocturnal, and is considered non-venomous. Two subspecies are recognised, one of which, "L. r. walli", is restricted to the Ryukyu Archipelago. Etymology. The subspecific name, "walli", is in honor of British herpetologist Frank Wall. Description. "Lycodon rufozonatus" typically grows to a total length (including tail) of around , reaching up to in extreme cases. The head is long and relatively flat, and somewhat separate from the neck. The medium-sized eyes bulge slightly and have vertical  pupils. The ventral scales have a strong keel, while the dorsal scales are only faintly keeled; the scale count is typically 17:17:15, but can be up to 21:19:17. Geographic range. "Lycodon rufozonatus" is found across a large part of East Asia, from the Korean Peninsula in the north (and extending just into easternmost Russia) to northern Laos and Vietnam in the south; the bulk of its range in found in eastern China. The continental populations are all placed in the nominate subspecies ("L. r. rufozonatus"); a second subspecies, "L. r. walli", is found in the Ryukyu Archipelago of southern Japan . Behaviour and ecology. "Lycodon rufozonatus" lives in a wide variety of habitats; it can be found from near sea level to as high as , and is most common near river plains. It is usually found on the ground, but is occasionally seen swimming in streams. It is nocturnal, feeding on fish, frogs, lizards, snakes and young birds. "D. rufozonatus" has a generally mild disposition, curling into a spherical mass with the head hidden when approached. Individuals can, however, be unpredictable, and some will bite readily. There are very few clinical reports on the toxinology of "D. rufozonatus" bites, but the  species appears to be non-venomous. "L. rufozonatus" can harbour tapeworms of the genus "Spirometra", and the consumption of raw meat from "D. rufozonatus" has led to cases of human sparganosis in Korea and Japan. Reproduction. "L. rufozonatus is oviparous. Taxonomic history. The species was first described as ""Lycodon rufo-zonatus" " by Theodore Edward Cantor in an 1842 paper on the fauna of "Chusan" (Zhoushan, China) in the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History". Cantor included it among the "innocuous" (not venomous) species, and described it as "Brown, with numerous transversal crimson bands; the abdominal surface pearl-coloured, spotted with  black on the tail". Common names. "L. rufozonatus" is known by several common names, including "Asian king snake", "banded red snake", "red banded krait", "red banded odd-toothed snake" and "red-banded snake".