Kāla
Kāla (, translit. , ) is a word used in Sanskrit to mean "time". It is also the name of a deity, in which sense it is not always distinguishable from ". Adi Kala or Adikala, is the omniscient formless yet with attribute Purusha, which basically is Ishvara. Author Soifer says, Narasimha is explicitly linked with Pralaya or Yuganta itself in Bhagavata Purana, Linga Purana, and Kurma Purana versions; he is said to appear like Kala or the fire of destruction. both agents of Pralaya. Author Pinchman says, "It is said that at the time of primordial creation, three forms arise from Vishnu : time (kala), purusa, and prakrti". As Time personified, destroying all things, Kala is a god of death sometimes identified with Yama. In Shaivism, Kala is known as the fiery avatar of Shiva Kala Bhairava Etymology. Monier-Williams's widely used Sanskrit-English dictionary lists two distinct words with the form ". According to Monier-Williams, ' 2 is from the verbal root ' "to calculate", while the root of "" 1 is uncertain, though possibly the same. As applied to gods and goddesses in works such as the ' ' and the "Skanda" ', ' 1 and ' 2 are not readily distinguishable. Thus Wendy Doniger, translating a conversation  between and from the "Skanda" ', says ' may mean " 'the Great Death' ... or 'the Great Black One' ". And , a Hindu translator of the ' ', renders the feminine compound ' (where "" means "night") as "dark night of periodic dissolution". As a deity. In the epics and the Puranas. Kala appears as an impersonal deity within the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Bhagavata Purana. In the Mahabharata, Krishna, one of the main characters, reveals his identity as Time personified. He states to Arjuna that both sides on the battlefield of the Kurukshetra War have already been annihilated. At the end of the epic, the entire  Yadu dynasty (Krishna's family) is similarly annihilated. Kala appears in the Uttara Kanda of the Ramayana, as the messenger of Death (Yama). At the end of the story, Time, in the form of inevitability or necessity, informs Rama that his reign on Earth is now over. By a trick or dilemma, he forces the death of Lakshmana, and informs Rama that he must return to the realm of the gods. Lakshmana willingly passes away with Rama's blessing and Rama returns to Heaven. Time appears in the Bhagavata Purana as the force that is responsible for the imperceptible and  inevitable change in the entire creation. According to the Purana, all created things are illusory, and thereby subject to creation and annihilation, this imperceptible and inconceivable impermanence is said to be due to the march of Time. Similarly, Time is considered to be the unmanifest aspect of God that remains after the destruction of the entire world at the end of a lifespan of Brahma. In the Chaitanya Bhagavata, a Gaudiya Vaishnavist text and biography of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, it is said that the fire that emerges from the mouth of Sankarshana at the End of Time is the "Kālānala", or  fire of Time. One of the names of Sankarshana is "k"ā"l"ā"gni", also "fire of Time". The Vishnu Purana also states that Time (kala) is one of the four primary forms of Vishnu, the others being matter (Pradhana), visible substance (vyakta), and Spirit (Purusha). In the Bhagavad Gita. At Bhagavad Gita 11.32, Krishna takes on the form of "kāla", the destroyer, announcing to Arjuna that all the warriors on both sides will be killed, apart from the Pandavas: कालो ऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत् प्रवृद्धो लोकान् समाहर्तुम् इह प्रवृत्तः । This verse means: "Time (kāla) I am, the great destroyer of the worlds, and I  have come here to destroy all people." This phrase is famous for being quoted by J. Robert Oppenheimer as he reflected on the Manhattan Project's explosion of the first nuclear bomb in 1945. In other cultures. In Javanese mythology, Batara Kala is the god of destruction. It is a very huge mighty and powerful god depicted as giant, born of the sperm of Shiva, the kings of gods. In Borobudur, the gate to the stairs is adorned with a giant head, making the gate look like the open mouth of the giant. Many other gates in Javanese traditional buildings  have this kind of ornament. Perhaps the most detailed Kala Face in Java is on the south side of Candi Kalasan. As a Substance. In Jainism, Kāla (Time) is infinite and is explained in two different ways: However Jainism recognizes a very small measurement of time known as "samaya" which is an infinitely small part of a second. There are cycles ("kalachakra"s) in it. Each cycle having two eras of equal duration described as the "avasarpini" and the "utsarpini".