The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives
The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives: The Quest for the Historical Abraham is a book by biblical scholar Thomas L. Thompson, Professor of Old Testament Studies at the University of Copenhagen. Together with John Van Seters's "Abraham in History and Tradition" (1975), this book marked the culmination of a growing current of dissatisfaction in scholarly circles with the then-current consensus (or near-consensus) on the patriarchal narratives. The consensus can be summarized as the proposal that, even if archaeology could not directly confirm the existence of the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac and Jacob ), these patriarchal narratives had originated in a second millennium BC setting because many personal names, place names, and customs referenced in the Genesis narratives were unique to that era. This view was expressed by John Bright in his influential "History of Israel" (1959, 2nd edition 1960) in these words; "one is forced to the conclusion that the patriarchal narratives authentically reflect social customs at home in the second millennium rather than those of later Israel". Thompson points out that, in fact, none of the archaeological evidence cited by the dominant scholars of the time (notably William F. Albright, E. A.  Speiser, Cyrus Gordon, and Bright himself) actually provided irrefutable proof for the historicity of the patriarchal narratives, arguing that "not only has archaeology not proven a single event of the patriarchal traditions to be historical, it has not shown any of the traditions to be likely." He therefore concludes that "the quest for the historical Abraham is a basically fruitless occupation both for the historian and the student of the Bible." Thompson also presented a criticism of the historicity of the New Testament in his 2005 book, "The Messiah Myth: The Near Eastern Roots of Jesus and David", He argues  that the biblical accounts of both King David and Jesus of Nazareth are mythical in nature and based on Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Babylonian, and Greek and Roman literature. Albright's reputation never quite recovered from the publication of Thompson's book. Ironically, Thompson's own reputation never recovered from the publication of "Did Jesus Exist?", a book by Bart D. Ehrman (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).