ZMZ 24
The ZMZ 24 was an automobile engine produced by Zavolzhye Engine Factory ("Zavolzhye Motorni Zavod", ZMZ) in the Soviet Union. The ZMZ 24 was an aluminium-block overhead valve (OHV) inline four design, an evolution of the ZMZ 21A, displacing , and in its initial appearance, produced with chain-driven camshaft and compression ratio of 6.6:1; it produced at 4,000 rpm and at 2,200 rpm. It was also produced as the UMZ 4178.10. It "quickly became the mainstay of the Soviet engine industry", and would be used in a variety of vehicles. The improved ZMZ 24D, found in the  GAZ-24, ran on 92 RON gasoline (while the ZMZ 24-01 could use commonly available 76 octane, and the 24-07 could use liquid propane). The cylinder block was die cast, instead of the slower coquille for the 21A. The engine featured a twin-choke carburettor, with a higher compression ratio, producing at 4500 rpm and an even more impressive of torque at 2200–2400 RPM. By 1970, the ZMZ 24 had been renamed the ZMZ 402.10, with a lower-compression 4021.10 version, which remained in limited production until 2006. In this format, it was used in the RAF minibus and  ErAZ van. It also served as the basis for the sixteen-valve ZMZ 4062.10 (seen in some Volgas after 1996), the ZMZ 40552.10 (used in GAZ's commercial vehicles), the ZMZ 409.10 of the UAZ Patriot, and the ZMZ 5143 diesel all derive from the ZMZ 24.