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Issue Issue, 2006 Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap - Volume 71,
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Multidimensionaliteit en die multikulturele situasie : research article
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 331 –356 (2006)
Multidimensionality and the multicultural situation
Most societies and social institutions are currently characterised by the presence of a multitude of cultures which is an indication of a multicultural situation. Two opposite reductionist proposals for dealing with this situation are those of homogenisers / universalists and fragmentists / particularists. There is also a dualistic in-between group. The question of this article has two sides: diagnostically it asks about the nature of the reductionism of the three groups. Therapeutically the question is about the conditions for overcoming this reductionism. Diagnostically it is argued that the reductionists deal in a one-sided way with two sets of abstractions of the multicultural situation. More precisely: they do not succeed in holding simultaneously onto important dimensions like coherence and diversity, as well as universality and particularity. Therapeutically it is argued that the latter dimensions of the multicultural situation must be mutually engaged in order for them to empower one another. It is proposed that this can be accomplished by a clear distinction between universal types like culture, justice, morality and so on, and also between these types and their particular manifestations. Furthermore, reductionisms as well as the disengagements of dualism can be avoided if the relation-principles of parataxis, complementarity and acculturation are adhered to.
Die meeste samelewings en sosiale instellings word tans gekenmerk deur die teenwoordigheid van &apos;n verskeidenheid kulture wat dui op &apos;n multikulturele situasie. Twee teenoor-gestelde reduksionistiese voorstelle vir die hantering van hierdie situasie is dié van homogeniseerders / universaliste en fragmentiste / partikulariste. Daar is ook nog &apos;n dualistiese tussen-in groepering. Die vraag van hierdie artikel het twee kante: diagnosties word gevra na die aard van die reduksionisme van die drie groepe. Terapeuties word gevra na die voorwaardes om hierdie reduksionisme te oorkom. Diagnosties word geargumenteer dat die reduseerders geneig is om eensydig te werk te gaan ten opsigte van twee stelle kante of abstraheringe van die multikulturele situasie. Meer presies: hulle slaag nie daarin om gelyktydig vas te hou aan belangrike dimensies soos samehang en verskeidenheid, asook universaliteit en partikulariteit van hierdie situasie nie. Terapeuties word geargumenteer dat laasgenoemde dimensies van die multikulturele situasie bymekaar ingeskakel moet word sodat hulle mekaar wedersyds kan bemagtig. Daar word voorgestel dat dit bereik kan word deur &apos;n duidelike onderskeid te maak tussen universele soortlikhede soos kultuur, geregtigheid, moraliteit, ensovoorts, en tussen hierdie soortlikhede en die partikuliere manifesterings daarvan. Daarby sal reduksionisme asook die ontkoppeling van dualisme ontkom kan word indien voldoen word aan die relasiebeginsels van neweskikking, komplementariteit en akkulturasie.
A creative humane university - coping with the business model : research article
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 357 –395 (2006)
&apos;n Kreatiewe, mensgevoelige universiteit - die hantering van die besigheidsmodel
In hierdie artikel word gepoog om aan te toon dat die ekonomistiese toepassing van die ekonomiese skaalvoordele binne die konteks van &apos;n universiteit, ook ten opsigte van sy dominerende epistemologie, ideologies voortgedryf word in die rigting van tegnisisme, sciëntisme en ekonomisme (opgedring deur &apos;n neo-pragmatistiese besturokrasie). Hierdie ekonomistiese toepassing sluit die minimalisering van akademiese personeel en hulle ondersteuningstelsels in, maar gaan ook gepaard met die maksimering van studentetalle. Hierdie bestuurswyse stel egter stereotiepe vorme van innovering aan die orde, en inhibeer die neem van risiko&apos;s, alhoewel &apos;n gedissiplineerde speelsheid nodig is vir kreatiewe vakmanskap. &apos;n Analise word ook gebied van die kreatiewe moontlikhede wat die spektrum van moontlike wetenskaplike probleemstellings bied. Ook die basiese vorme van abstraksie word omlyn om sodoende &apos;n aanduiding te gee van hoe vakwetenskaplikes die ontwikkeling van &apos;n verantwoordelike houding van kennis-vernuwing in hulle studente kan ondersteun.
In this article it is attempted to indicate that the economistic application of economy of scale in the context of a university pushes a university, even in its reigning epistemology, ideologically in the direction of technicism, scientism, and economism (imposed by neo-pragmatist managerialism). Economistic application of economy of scale includes minimising academic staff and their support systems, but combined with the maximum intake in student numbers. This managerial system introduces stereotypical forms of innovation, and inhibits risk-taking, although, disciplined playfulness is indeed needed for creative scholarship. It is also attempted to analyse creative possibilities in terms of the spectrum of possible scholarly problem statements with their proportionate risks. The basic forms of abstraction are also outlined in order to give some indication of how scholars are to support the development of a responsible spirit of renewal of knowledge in their students.
"The unmasking of modern science" - the sequel (I) : research article
J.L. (Hannes) Van der Walt
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 397 –422 (2006)
"The unmasking of modern science" - die vervolg (I) In 1982 het T.M. Moore die stelling gewaag dat die positivisme in &apos;n proses van "ontmaskering" vasgevang was. Die tekort-kominge daarvan is destyds blootgelê deur sowel die vyande as die aanhangers daarvan. In sy pogings om die ontmaskering te beskryf het Moore gebruik gemaak van T.S. Kuhn se sosiologiese teorie van normale wetenskap, paradigmas, krisisse en revolusies. Moore het sy uiteensetting beëindig met &apos;n uitdaging aan die Christelike wetenskapsgemeenskap om na vore te kom met &apos;n eie nuwe paradigma vir wetenskapsbeoefening. Nou, nadat net meer as twee dekades verloop het sedert Moore hierdie oproep gedoen het, het die tyd aangebreek om &apos;n opname te maak van hoe die sekulêre sowel as die Christelike wetenskap gevorder het op die pad wat Moore voorspel het. So &apos;n oorsig bied ook aan die Christelike wetenskapsgemeenskap die geleentheid om bestek op te neem oor die ontwikkeling van &apos;n eie nuwe paradigma vir wetenskapsbeoefening. In hierdie artikel, die eerste deel van &apos;n tweedelige artikel oor die onderwerp, kom die outeur tot die gevolgtrekking dat moderne wetenskap nie net die positivistiese strewe na universele grondslae en waarheid laat vaar het nie, maar ook gekenmerk word deur sekularisme, postmoderne fragmentering en &apos;n voorkeur vir kontingente grondslae.
In 1982, T.M. Moore claimed that positivism was in the process of being "unmasked". Its shortcomings were being unmasked by its enemies as well as by its adherents. In describing the process of unmasking, Moore resorted to T.S. Kuhn&apos;s sociological theory of normal science, paradigms, crises and revolutions. Moore then went on to challenge the Christian scholarly community to (inter alia) develop a new paradigm for science. Now, after just more than two decades have elapsed since this exhortation by Moore, a survey had to be done to see to what extent the secular as well as the Christian community has taken up the challenge and how both of them have progressed in the directions that Moore had predicted. It has also become time for the Christian community to assess its own progress towards developing a "new" scientific paradigm. In this article, the first part of a two-part article on this subject, the author concludes that modern science has not only surrendered the positivistic search for universal foundations and truth, but has become characterised by secularism, postmodern fragmentation and a preference for contingent foundations.
"The unmasking of modern science" - the sequel (II) : research article
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 423 –442 (2006)
"The unmasking of modern science" - die vervolg (II)
In 1982 het T.M. Moore die stelling gewaag dat die positivisme in &apos;n proses van "ontmaskering" vasgevang was. Die tekort-kominge daarvan is destyds blootgelê deur sowel die vyande as die aanhangers daarvan. In sy pogings om die ontmaskering te beskryf het Moore gebruik gemaak van T.S. Kuhn se sosio-logiese teorie van normale wetenskap, paradigmas, krisisse en revolusie. Moore het sy uiteensetting beëindig met &apos;n uitdaging aan die Christelike wetenskapsgemeenskap om na vore te kom met &apos;n eie nuwe paradigma vir wetenskapsbeoefening. Nou, nadat net meer as twee dekades verloop het sedert Moore hierdie oproep gedoen het, het die tyd aangebreek om &apos;n opname te maak van hoe die sekulêre sowel as die Christelike wetenskap gevorder het op die pad wat Moore voorspel het. So &apos;n oorsig bied ook aan die Christelike wetenskapsgemeenskap die geleentheid om bestek op te neem oor die ontwikkeling van &apos;n eie nuwe paradigma van wetenskapsbeoefening. In hierdie, die tweede deel van &apos;n tweedelige artikel oor die onderwerp, skenk die outeur aandag aan hoe die Christelike wetenskaps-gemeenskap die drie uitdagings van Moore die hoof gebied het, en ook hoe dit probeer om die gevare van sekularisme, postmoderne fragmentering en &apos;n voorkeur vir kontingente grondslae - wat volgens deel I van hierdie artikel kenmerkend van moderne wetenskapsbeoefening geword het - te vermy.
In 1982, T.M. Moore claimed that positivism was in the process of being "unmasked". Its shortcomings were being unmasked by its enemies as well as by its adherents. In describing the process of unmasking, Moore resorted to T.S. Kuhn&apos;s socio-logical theory of normal science, paradigms, crises and revolutions. Moore then went on to challenge the Christian scholarly community to (inter alia) develop a new paradigm for science. Now, after just more than two decades have elapsed since this exhortation by Moore, a survey had to be done to see to what extent the secular as well as the Christian community has taken up the challenge and how both of them have progressed in the directions that Moore had predicted. It has also become time for the Christian community to assess its own progress towards developing a "new" scientific paradigm. In this, the second part of a two-part article on this subject, the author attends not only to how the Christian community took up Moore&apos;s challenges, but also to how Christian scholars tried to avoid the pitfalls of secularism, postmodern fragmentation and a preference for contingent foundations, which have become the characteristic features of modern science, as outlined in part I of this article.
The influence of the pre-scientific and scientific belief system of both counsellor and client on the success of the narrative process : research article
Willie Luyt and
P.J.M. Van Niekerk
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 443 –462 (2006)
Die invloed van die voorwetenskaplike en wetenskaplike oortuigingstelsel van sowel die berader as die kliënt op die sukses van die narratiewe proses
Hierdie artikel het ten doel om vas te stel in watter mate die oortuigingstelsel van die berader en die kliënt &apos;n rol in berading speel. Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat oortuigings &apos;n sentrale rol in mense se lewe speel. Hierdie artikel pas die voorafgaande idee, soos beskryf deur onder andere Wright, Watson en Bell (1986), toe op die veld van pastorale berading, en meer spesifiek die narratiewe benadering. Die narratiewe benadering is &apos;n belangrike instrument wat mense in staat stel om te verstaan hoe hulle lewensverhale gevorm word deur hulle oortuigings rakende hulself. Die navorser wend deurentyd &apos;n poging aan om aan te dui hoe die berader, die kliënt en die beradingsproses deur hulle wetenskaplike en voor-wetenskaplike wortels en ontwikkeling, asook deur hulle oortuigingstelsel in die algemeen, beïnvloed word.
The aim of this article is to investigate to what extent the belief system of both counsellor and client plays a role in counselling. It is generally accepted that beliefs play a central role in the life of all people. This article applies this notion, as described by, among others, Wright, Watson and Bell (1986), to the field of pastoral care and more specifically to the narrative approach within it. The narrative approach is an important instrument that helps people to understand how their life stories have been shaped by their beliefs about themselves. Throughout the article the researcher attempts to indicate how the counsellor, client and counselling process are influenced by their respective scientific and pre-scientific roots and development, as well as by their system of belief in general.
Sport onder die soeklig : &apos;n Christelik-lewensbeskoulik-filosofiese besinning : research article
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 463 –490 (2006)
Spotlight on sport : a Christian-worldviewish-philosophical reflection
The problem dealt with in this article is the fact that most people are involved in sport (as participants or spectators) without knowing what kind of activity it is or should be and how they should participate. Such a situation may result in the many outrages sport is suffering nowadays. By means of a Christian-philosophical analysis of this prominent phenomenon in modern society, an attempt is made to provide an answer. To attain this goal, the following steps are followed: A brief overview of the present situation in sport serves as an introduction. This is followed by three current wrong attitudes toward sport. Attention is then asked for the fact that, in spite of the deterioration in sport ethics, the necessary theoretical reflection - also among Christians - is lacking. The theoretical exploration which follows includes some Biblical perspectives and the influence of different Christian worldviews; an effort is also given to determine the nature of sport from a comparison between leisure, play, game and sport. A philosophical analysis of the structure and direction of sport follows with a few examples of the practical implications of such a theoretical approach.
Hierdie artikel behandel die probleem dat baie mense (deelnemers en toeskouers) vandag by sport betrokke is sonder dat hulle weet wat sport presies is en hoe hulle daaraan behoort deel te neem. So &apos;n situasie mag &apos;n oorsaak wees vir talle sporteuwels. Deur middel van &apos;n Christelik-filosofiese analise van dié belangrike verskynsel in die hedendaagse samelewing, word na &apos;n antwoord gesoek. Om die doel te bereik word die volgende stappe gevolg: Die inleiding gee &apos;n kort oorsig oor die huidige sportsituasie. Daarna word drie gangbare verkeerde houdings teenoor sport bespreek. Vervolgens word die aandag daarop gevestig dat, ten spyte van talle sporteuwels, die nodige teoretiese refleksie daaroor by Christene ontbreek. Die daaropvolgende teoretiese besinning behels die ondersoek van enkele Bybelse perspektiewe asook die invloed van verskillende Christelike lewensvisies; &apos;n poging om die aard van sport te bepaal deur middel van &apos;n vergelyking daarvan met ontspanning en spel. Ten slotte word &apos;n filosofiese analise van die struktuur en rigting van sport gemaak met &apos;n aanduiding van enkele praktiese implikasies.
The importance and significance of peace studies with special reference to South Africa&apos;s political-security role in Africa : research article
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 491 –518 (2006)
Die belangrikheid en betekenis van vredestudies met spesifieke verwysing na Suid-Afrika se politieke en veiligheidsrol in Afrika
Die oorsprong van vredestudies van die twintigste eeu as &apos;n akademiese ondersoekveld kan teruggespeur word na die laat veertigerjare en het sedertdien aansienlike ontwikkeling deurgemaak. Tans is verskeie vakkundiges aan &apos;n verskeidenheid tersiêre instellings oor die wêreld heen betrokke by die aanwending van hulle akademiese vaardighede in die opvoeding van studente aangaande die oorsake van oorloë en gewapende konflik, asook om alternatiewe vir dié verskynsels aan die hand te doen. Vredestudies in die Suid-Afrikaanse en breë Afrikakonteks is sekerlik van groot betekenis en belangrikheid. Per slot van sake noodsaak die beklemmende en vernietigende gewelddadige manifestasie van konflik in Afrikastate soos Liberië, Sierra Leone, Soedan, Burundi, Rwanda, die DRK, Somalië, Angola, die Comores en vele ander konflikgeteisterde gebiede vakkundige aandag, met die doel om die oorsake, dinamiek en gevolge van sodanige konflikte beter te verstaan. &apos;n Beter begrip daarvan help ook pogings bevorder om sodanige konflikte deur middel van meganismes van konflikresolusie en vredesbou die hoof te bied. Verder is die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se toenemende militêre betrokkenheid in onlangse jare by internasionale vredesendings méér as net van militêre belang. Dit is &apos;n saak van groot politieke belang en betekenis. Vanuit &apos;n vertrekpunt van ondersteuning vir die noodsaak van vredestudies in die leerplanne van Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite (en Afrika-universiteite in die algemeen), word in dié artikel aangevoer dat Suid-Afrikaanse studente blootgestel behoort te word aan die ryk en omvangryke literatuur aangaande die soeke na internasionale vrede en veiligheid, hoe om die oorsake van grootskaalse konflik en geweld te verstaan en daarmee te werk te gaan, en hoe dit bekamp en opgelos kan word - literatuur wat vakkundige besprekings en navorsing in baie sentra en plekke van opvoeding, opleiding en vredesbou onderlê.
The origins of peace studies as an academic field of inquiry could be traced to the late 1940s and the field has been developing considerably since then. Currently, scholars at various tertiary institutions over the world are involved in using their academic skills to educate students about the causes of wars and violent conflict while pointing out various alternatives to these phenomena. Peace studies in the South African and broader African context are certainly of great significance and importance. After all, the gripping and devastating violence that manifested in African countries such as Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, the DRC, Somalia, Angola, the Comoros and many other conflict-stricken areas warrant scholarly attention with a view to better understanding the causes, dynamics and effects of such conflict. By means of this understanding the conflict could be addressed through mechanisms of conflict resolution and peace building could be promoted. Furthermore, the South African Government&apos;s progressive military involvement in international peace missions in recent years is far more than an issue of mere military concern. It is a matter of great political interest and significance. Being supportive of the need for peace studies in the curricula of South African universities (and African universities in general), this article argues that South African students should be exposed to a rich and comprehensive literature on the search for international peace and security; of how to understand and deal with the causes of large-scale conflict and violence; and how these could be curtailed and resolved - literature which informs scholarly discussions and research in many centres and places of education, training and peace building.
The gospel of reconciliation and healing in the Alps : Johanna Spyri&apos;s Heidi reconsidered : research article
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 519 –534 (2006)
Die evangelie van versoening en genesing in die Alpe : Johanna Spyri se Heidi weer in oënskou geneem
Johanna Spyri se beroemde roman, "Heidi" (1880), is wêreld-wyd goed bekend deur talle vertalings, verkortings, kulturele aanpassings en films sedert die laat negentiende eeu. In die meeste van hierdie verwerkings van die oorspronklike Duitse teks is die basiese Christelike boodskap aanmerklik verkort of heeltemal verwyder. Spyri was &apos;n aktiewe lidmaat van die Gerformeerde Kerk in Zürich en in haar jong dae is sy sterk deur die Piëtisme beïnvloed. Daar is &apos;n duidelike godsdienstige dimensie in baie van haar boeke vir kinders en volwassenes. In "Heidi" word dit gesien in die geestelike groei van Heidi, haar Oupa se versoening met God en sy bure, geïnspireer deur die lees van die gelykenis van die verlore seun, en die genesing van &apos;n verlamde Duitse meisie deur Christelike liefde en &apos;n gesonde lewenswyse. Die artikel redeneer dat die godsdienstige temas van Heidi deur vroeëre kritici, soos Wolgast en Doderer, tot &apos;n groot mate misverstaan is.
Johanna Spyri&apos;s renowned novel of 1880, "Heidi", is best known internationally through countless translations, abridgements, cultural adaptations, and film adaptations since the late nineteenth century. In many of these permutations of the original German text, the fundamental Christian message has been either significantly reduced or eliminated entirely. As an active member of the Reformed Church in Zürich whose early life was influenced by Pietism, Spyri imbued many of her works for children and adults with explicitly religious dimensions. In "Heidi", these are manifested in the protagonist&apos;s spiritual maturation, her grandfather&apos;s reconciliation with God and his neighbours through the parable of the prodigal son, and the restoration of health and mobility aided by Christian charity and a wholesome lifestyle. It is argued that the religious currents in "Heidi" and Spyri&apos;s other works have been fundamentally misunderstood by earlier critics such as Wolgast and Doderer.
Veranderende tendense en die implikasies vir jongmensverhoudings : research article
Rian S. Steyn and
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 535 –555 (2006)
Changing trends and their implication for youth relationships
In this article it is shown how changing trends in the world affect young people and especially in their interpersonal relationships. These trends are discussed on the macro-level (global), meso-level (South African) and micro-level (personal) and it is shown how these trends influence young people and their lives. The following challenges for Christian communities in the post-modern era are subsequently discussed: the post-individualistic and post-rationalistic approach. Young people also live in an age of a post-dualistic and post-intellectual presentation of the gospel. The article also indicates the implications for dealing with young people and their relationships within Christian communities and the church.
In hierdie artikel word aangetoon dat veranderende tendense in die wêreld &apos;n invloed het op jongmense en in besonder op interpersoonlike verhoudings. Hierdie tendense word bespreek op makrovlak (wêreldwyd), mesovlak (Suid-Afrikaans) en mikrovlak (persoonlik). Daar word ook aangetoon hoe dit jong-mense beïnvloed en hulle lewens bepaal. Verder word uitdagings vir Christelike gemeenskappe in die postmoderne era bespreek, naamlik dat hulle postindividualisties en post-rasionalisties sal dink. Jongmense leef in die tyd van &apos;n postdualistiese en postintellektualistiese evangelie. Die artikel dui ook die implikasies aan vir die hantering van jongmense en hulle verhoudings binne Christelike gemeenskappe en die kerk.
Kernaspekte van &apos;n model vir skoolsukses in arm gemeenskappe : research article
G.D. Kamper and
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 557 –582 (2006)
Key aspects of a model for school success in poor communities
Some schools in impoverished communities are effective and successful in the face of the most difficult socio-economic circumstances and challenges. This phenomenon was investigated in a research project which had three phases. The first entailed a literature survey, culminating in a taxonomy of determinants of school success. The second phase consisted of the application of the taxonomy in field work in selected successful schools in impoverished communities. The third phase comprised interpretation of theoretical and empirical data, culminating in a model which depicts partnership as the central factor in all values and mechanisms pertaining to a successful school in an impoverished community. The model&apos;s potential value is indicated, inter alia in guiding schools in impoverished communities towards meaningful self-assessment and change.
In arm gemeenskappe tref &apos;n mens soms skole aan wat effektief funksioneer ondanks haglike sosio-ekonomiese omstan-dighede. Hierdie verskynsel is ondersoek in &apos;n navorsingsprojek wat uit drie fases bestaan het. Die eerste fase het &apos;n literatuurstudie behels en dit het uitgeloop op &apos;n taksonomie van skoolsuksesdeterminante. Die tweede fase het bestaan uit die toepassing van die taksonomie in veldwerk wat uitgevoer is in vier geselekteerde suksesvolle skole in arm gemeenskappe. In die derde fase is die teoretiese en empiriese data geïnterpreteer met die oog op die ontwikkeling van &apos;n model wat die sleutelfaktore vir skoolsukses in arm gemeenskappe aandui. Die model toon vennootskap aan as die sentrale faktor in alle waardes en meganismes wat verband hou met &apos;n suksesvolle skool in &apos;n arm gemeenskap. Die model het verskeie aanwendingsmoontlikhede, onder andere om te dien as basis vir die ontwikkeling van &apos;n assesseringsinstrument waarmee skole in arm gemeenskappe self hulle sukseskoers kan bepaal.
Die oorsprong van lewe en die ontplooiing van biodiversiteit The origin of life and the development of biodiversity : biodiversity
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 583 –586 (2006)
Hoe lyk die histories-geologiese konteks waarbinne lewe ontstaan en ontwikkel het? (Die geologiese tydskaal suggereer dat die aarde ongeveer 4,5 biljoen jaar oud is. Mikrofossiele word aangetref in gesteentes van 2,5 biljoen jaar en ouer, wat daarop dui dat die eerste lewende organismes relatief laat hulle verskyning op die aarde gemaak het.)
Beginsels en metodes vir die bepaling van die ouderdom van hominied fossiele en hulle vindplekke : research article
W.J. Van Aardt
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 587 –610 (2006)
Principles and methods used for the determination of the age of hominid fossils and their discovery sites
Paleoanthropologists have an array of physical dating methods developed by researchers in the physical sciences. These techniques permit students of hominid evolution and associated culture to have increasing confidence that the evidence of past hominid morphology as expressed by the fossil finds is being placed in the correct chronological order. This article explains in a simple and straightforward way the evidence and logic that have led scientists to conclude that hominid fossils are not a few thousand years but at least several million years old. The main focus is on the 40Ar/ 39Ar technique, but other absolute dating techniques such as carbon-14, uranium-thorium-lead and radiocalcium are also reviewed. Relative dating methods are briefly discussed together with paleomagnetism (geomagnetism), optic stimulated luminescence and amino acids.
Paleoantropoloë beskik tans oor &apos;n verskeidenheid fisiese dateringsmetodes wat deur fisici ontwikkel is. Met hierdie tegnieke kan navorsers van hominied-evolusie en verwante kultuur met toenemende vertroue die fossiel-morfologie van hominiede in die regte chronologiese volgorde plaas. Die inhoud van hierdie artikel verklaar in eenvoudige terme, die bewyse en logika wat wetenskaplikes tot die slotsom laat kom het dat fossiele nie slegs &apos;n paar duisend jaar oud is nie maar wel miljoene jare oud is. Die hooffokus was op die 40Ar/ 39Ar -dateringsmetode, maar ander absolute daterings-tegnieke soos koolstof-14, uraan-thorium-lood en radiokalsium is ook bespreek. Relatiewe dateringsmetodes is kortliks bespreek, tesame met paleomagnetisme (geomagnetisme), opties gestimuleerde luminesensie en aminosure.
Die biologiese evolusie van die mens : oorwegings, stand van kennis en enkele implikasies : research article
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 611 –642 (2006)
The biological evolution of man : considerations, current knowledge, and some implications
The biological evolution of the modern man is and remains a controversial subject. In this article, I give an overview of the most important fossil hominid finds, starting from seven million years ago. The periods of existence, relationships, similarities and differences of the Sahelanthropus,Australopithecus,Ardipithecus,Paranthropus, and Homo genera are discussed. A recently proposed alternative classification system for the hominids is also presented. The opinion is expressed that there is enough supporting evidence to accept the biological continuity between all these different life forms, and that the modern human has developed through evolution. Man, to a large extent, is governed and limited by its biological character. Man has, just like any other creature, the created ability to adapt to changes in the environment, and man is and remains a part of the creation of God, and subject to his authority.
Die biologiese evolusie van die mens bly &apos;n kontroversiële onderwerp. In hierdie artikel gee ek &apos;n oorsig oor die belangrikste fossielhominiedvondse, wat strek oor sowat sewe miljoen jaar. Die ouderdomme, verwantskappe, ooreenkomste en verskille van die Sahelanthropus,Australopithecus,Ardipithecus,Paranthropus, en Homo genera, word bespreek. &apos;n Onlangs voorgestelde alternatiewe klassifikasiesisteem van die hominiede word ook uiteengesit. Die mening word uitgespreek dat daar voldoende bewyse is vir die aanvaarding van &apos;n biologiese kontinuïteit tussen al hierdie vorme, en dat die moderne mens deur evolusie ontwikkel het. Die mens is tot &apos;n groot mate bepaal en beperk as &apos;n biologiese wese. Die mens het, soos alle ander skepsels, die ingeskape vermoë om biologies op veranderinge in sy omgewing te reageer, maar die mens is en bly deel van die skepping van God, en daarom onderhewig aan sy gesag.
Postmodernistiese opstandings(on)geloof? Opstanding, Julian Muller : book review
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 643 –649 (2006)
Die skrywer begin (p. 8) met &apos;n vraag wat tydens &apos;n program op RSG aan hom gestel is, naamlik "Glo jy in die histories-fisieke opstanding van Christus?" Hierop kon hy nie duidelik met ?n "Ja" of "Nee" antwoord nie. Hy het slegs gesê dat hy dié Sondagoggend nog saam met die ander gelowiges in die kerk bely het dat hy "glo in Christus wat op die derde dag weer uit die dood opgestaan het".
Seksuele misbruik - praat help! Praat daaroor, N. Roos : book review
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 653 –655 (2006)
Of seksuele misbruik van kinders besig is om toe te neem en of dit bloot meer gerapporteer word, bly &apos;n ope vraag. Die feit is dat ongeveer een uit elke vier dogters voor die ouderdom van 18 jaar aan een of ander vorm van seksuele misbruik blootgestel is - hetsy deur fisiese betasting of deur seksuele teistering, blootstelling aan ontoepaslike voorstelle of ouderdoms-ontoepaslike eise wat gestel word. Die effek van sodanige seksuele misbruik/molestering op die kind - maar ook op die volwassene in latere jare - is verreikend. Dit bly egter vir persone wat blootgestel was aan molestering uiters moeilik om by professionele persone aan te meld vir hulp.
Die Heilige Gees genees - ook emosionele pyn Genesing van emosionele pyn, David A. Seamands : book review
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 655 –657 (2006)
Hierdie boek is &apos;n vertaling van David Seamands se boek Healing for damaged emotions wat oorspronklik in 1981 verskyn het en weer in 1991 herdruk is. Ondertussen is die boek ook in 15 tale vertaal. Die skrywer is &apos;n ervare berader met baie jare sendingervaring, wat daarna opleiding en toerusting in pastorale berading gedoen het.
Hulp met trauma - of "trauma" met die hulp? Deur trauma : boek 2, Maretha Maartens, samest : book review
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 657 –659 (2006)
Die samesteller van die boek, Maretha Maartens, begin die boek se voorwoord (p. 9) deur te sê: "Die medewerkers aan hierdie reeks sê dat hulle nog nooit so moeilik aan enige boek geskryf het nie." Ongelukkig is dit ook waar van hierdie resensie: die resensent het ook nog nooit so moeilik aan &apos;n resensie geskryf nie! Of trouens so moeilik aan &apos;n boek gelees nie.
Die eindtyd - verskrikking of troos? Fokus op meer as 100 vrae oor die eindtyd, Attie Barnard : book review
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 660 –662 (2006)
"Hierdie werk", skryf Barnard in &apos;n bekendstelling van sy boek, "is die vrug van werk waaraan ek deur my lewe &apos;n groot deel van my tyd en kragte gewy het. My doel was om die eindtyd en weerkoms wetenskaplik en teologies te verstaan en om dié uitsig op die eindtye verstaanbaar en eenvoudig aan mense deur te gee."
Is opstandingshoop nog relevant? Lewe anderkant die dood, Ernst M. Conradie : book review
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 662 –666 (2006)
In die inleiding stel Conradie dat die vraag of daar lewe anderkant die dood is, een van die groot lewensvrae is waaraan mense nie kan ontkom nie.
Waarin / waaraan glo moderne mense? Geloof sonder sekerhede : besinning vir eietydse gelowiges, A.A. Van Niekerk : book review
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship = Koers : Bulletin vir Christelike Wetenskap 71, pp 667 –669 (2006)
In die eerste hoofstuk van hierdie boek verduidelik die outeur waarom hy meen dat dit noodsaaklik is om in ons tyd nuut en meer eietyds te dink oor aspekte van die geloof. Hy stel dit duidelik dat die geloof wat hy in hierdie boek ondersoek van meet af bepaal word deur die ervaring van twyfel en onsekerheid.