Marilyn Diptych
The Marilyn Diptych (1962) is a silkscreen painting by American pop artist Andy Warhol depicting Marilyn Monroe. The monumental work is one of the artist's most noted of the movie star. The painting consists of 50 images. Each image of the actress is taken from the single publicity photograph from the film "Niagara" (1953). The underlying publicity photograph that Warhol used as a basis for his many paintings and prints of Marilyn, and the "Marilyn Diptych", was owned and distributed by her movie studio. "Marilyn Diptych" was completed just weeks after Marilyn Monroe's death in August  1962. Silk-screening was the technique used to create this painting. The twenty-five images on the left are painted in color, the right side is black and white. The "Marilyn Diptych" is in the collection of the Tate. Analysis. It has been suggested that the relation between the left side of the canvas and the right side of the canvas is evocative of the relation between the celebrity's life and death. The work has received praise from writers such as American academic and cultural critic Camille Paglia, who wrote in 2012's "Glittering Images" lauding how it shows  the "multiplicity of meanings" in Monroe's life and legacy. In a December 2, 2004 article in "The Guardian", the painting was named the third most influential piece of modern art in a survey of 500 artists, critics, and others. The artwork was also ranked ninth in the past 1000 years by Kathleen Davenport, Director, Rice University Art Gallery, Houston. Appropriation and fair use. Warhol is regarded as one of the most well known appropriation artists and he often made use of publicity photographs and publicly available photographs and motifs not owned by him, which often brought him into conflict  with the owners of the source material. An example of this is Warhol's Marilyn series including the "Marilyn Diptych", which resulted in a settlement with the owner of the Marilyn Monroe publicity photograph which he used as the source material for the paintings. Warhol and his estate have settled many copyright disputes including with regard to his famous flowers paintings and paintings of Jackie Kennedy, as discussed in detail in "Andy The Appropriator: The Copyright Battles You Won't Hear About at The Whitney's Warhol Exhibit" from "The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts": "Although some of Warhol ’s work was commissioned by individuals or companies, much of it was appropriated from other artists, photographers, and brands. Two of his most famous pieces, "Marilyn Diptych" and the collection of Campbell’s soup cans, are examples of his habit of appropriation. For the "Marilyn" series, Warhol took a promotional photograph of Marilyn Monroe and transferred it onto silkscreen print using different colors. He did not own the promotional photograph that he used and he did not have permission to use it. The resulting work was transformative enough that a strong fair use argument could be made today, but Warhol ’s appropriation is undeniable. Similarly, Warhol used the Campbell’s Soup logo without permission from the company for dozens of silkscreen prints. Eventually, Campbell’s Soup tacitly approved of his use because of the free marketing they were receiving, but Warhol’s use of their logo without initial permission was still appropriation."