Moses Williams (artist)
Moses Williams (1777–c.1825) was an African-American visual artist who was particularly well known as a maker of silhouettes. He was a former slave of the artist Charles Willson Peale. Early life, slavery, and education. Moses Williams was born in 1777 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Scarborough and Lucy Peale, who were slaves in the home of renowned artist and museum-owner Charles Willson Peale. It is believed that Williams's parents began to work for Peale sometime between 1769 and 1775. In 1786, Peale emancipated Williams's parents, and Williams's father, Scarborough, changed his name  to John Williams and passed along his new last name to his daughter. Although Williams's parents were freed, the law mandated that the nine-year-old Moses remain in Peale's service until his twenty-seventh birthday and so Williams grew up in the Peale household among Peale's many artistic children, including Rembrandt Peale, Raphaelle Peale, Franklin Peale and Titian Ramsay Peale. Silhouette maker. Growing up in the Peale household, Williams was instructed in skills that would help him to work at Peale's Museum, including taxidermy, object display, and silhouette-making. As a slave, he was not  taught the "higher art" of painting. After showing skill at silhouette-making, Williams was given a physionotrace machine to make silhouettes, and he continued to work at Peale's Museum as a freed man and a professional silhouettist who made black-and-white paper silhouettes for visitors of the museum. Williams also created silhouettes of the Peale family, including Charles Willson Peale and his wife, Elizabeth. Williams made over 8,000 silhouettes during his first year working at Peale's Museum. He earned between 6 and 8 cents for every silhouette that he cut. With the money that Williams earned making  silhouettes, Williams bought his own home and married. By 1823, silhouette-cutting as a profession was in decline, and Williams had to sell his home. According to the Author's Note in "The Poison Place, a novel about Moses Williams, he was listed in city directories as a profile cutter until 1833. Public institutions. Williams' silhouettes can be found in a number of institutions, including the following: