Musidora
Jeanne Roques (23 February 1889 – 11 December 1957), known professionally as Musidora, was a French actress, film director, and writer. She is best known for her acting in silent films, and rose to public attention for roles in the Louis Feuillade serials "Les Vampires" as Irma Vep and in "Judex" as Marie Verdier. Early life. Born Jeanne Roques in Paris, France to music composer and theorist of socialism Jacques Roques and painter and feminist Adèle Clémence Porchez, Musidora began her career in the arts at an early age, writing her first novel at the age of fifteen and acting  on the stage with the likes of Colette, one of her lifelong friends. During the very early years of French cinema Musidora began a professional collaboration with the highly successful French film director Louis Feuillade. She made her film debut in "Les miseres de l'aiguille", directed by Raphael Clamour, in January 1914. The film highlights the problems of the urban women in the French working-class, and presents a new representation of the female even by the working-class movement in the early 20th century in France. Adopting the moniker of Musidora (Greek for "gift of the muses"), after the  heroine in Théophile Gautier's novel "Fortunio", and affecting a unique vamp persona that would be popularized in the United States by actress Theda Bara at about the same time, Musidora soon found a foothold in the nascent medium of moving pictures. With her heavily kohled dark eyes, somewhat sinister make-up, pale skin and exotic wardrobes, Musidora quickly became a highly popular and instantly recognizable presence of European cinema. Stardom. Beginning in 1915, Musidora began appearing in the successful Feuillade-directed serial "Les Vampires" as Irma Vep (an anagram of "vampire"), a cabaret singer, opposite Édouard Mathé as crusading  journalist Philippe Guerande. Contrary to the title, "Les Vampires" was not actually about vampires, but about a criminal gang-run-secret society inspired by the exploits of the real-life Bonnot Gang. Vep, besides playing a leading role in the Vampires' crimes, also spends two episodes under the hypnotic control of Moreno, a rival criminal who makes her his lover and induces her to assassinate the Grand Vampire. The series was an immediate success with French cinema-goers and ran in 10 installments until 1916. After the "Les Vampires" serial, Musidora starred as adventuress, Diana Monti (aka governess "Marie Verdier ) in Judex", another popular Feuillade serial filmed in 1916 but delayed for release until 1917. Though not intended to be avant-garde, "Les Vampires" and "Judex" were lauded by Louis Aragon and Andre Breton in the 1920s for the films' elements of surprise, fantasy/science fiction, unexpected juxtapositions and visual "non sequiturs." Filmmakers Fritz Lang, Luis Buñuel, Georges Franju, Alain Resnais, and Olivier Assayas have cited "Les Vampires" and "Judex" as influencing them in their desires to become directors. Other works. At a time when many women in the film industry were relegated to acting, Musidora achieved a degree of  success as a producer and director. Musidora became a film producer and director under the tutelage of her mentor, Louis Feuillade. Between the late 1910s and early 1920s, she directed ten films, all of which are lost with the exception of two: 1922's "Soleil et Ombre" and 1924's "La Terre des Taureaux", both of which were filmed in Spain. In Italy, she produced and directed "La Flamme Cachee" based on the work of her friend Colette. In the same year, she co-wrote (with Colette) and co-directed (with Eugenio Perego) "La vagabonda" based on Colette's novel  of the same name. Later life. After her career as an actress faded, she focused on writing and producing. Her last film was an homage to her mentor Feuillade titled "La Magique Image" in 1950, which she both directed and starred in. Late in her life, she would occasionally work in the ticket booth of the Cinémathèque Française—few patrons realized that the older woman in the foyer might be starring in the film they were watching. Musidora died in Paris, France in 1957 and was buried in the Cimetière de Bois-le-Roi. Personal life. Musidora married Dr. Clément  Marot on 20 April 1927. The union lasted 15 years and produced one child, Clément Marot Jr. (1928–2010). The couple divorced in 1944.