Book of the Later Han
The Book of the Later Han, also known as the History of the Later Han and by its Chinese name Hòu Hànshū (), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Later or Eastern Han. The book was compiled by Fan Ye and others in the 5th century during the Liu Song dynasty, using a number of earlier histories and documents as sources. Background. In 23 CE, Han dynasty official Wang Mang was overthrown by a peasants' revolt known  as the Red Eyebrows. His fall separates the Early (or Western) Han Dynasty from the Later (or Eastern) Han Dynasty. As an orthodox history the book is unusual in being completed over two hundred years after the fall of the dynasty. Fan Ye's primary source was the "Dongguan Han Ji" 東觀漢記 (Han Records of the Eastern Lodge), which was written during the Han dynasty itself. Contents. The book is part of four early historiographies of the Twenty-Four Histories canon, together with the "Records of the Grand Historian", "Book of Han" and "Records of the Three Kingdoms". Fan Ye  used earlier histories, including accounts by Sima Qian and Ban Gu, along with many others (some had similar names, such as the "Han Records of the Eastern Lodge" by various contemporaries throughout the 2nd century, and the "Records of Later Han" by Yuan Hong from the 4th century), most of which did not survive intact. The section on the "Treatise on the Western Regions" was based on a report composed by Ban Yong (with a few later additions) and presented to Emperor An of Han in around 125. It presumably includes notes from his father Ban Chao. It forms the  88th chapter (or 118th chapter in some editions) of the "Book of the Later Han", and is a key source for the cultural and socio-economic data on the Western Regions, including the earliest accounts of Daqin (the Roman Empire), and some of the most detailed early reports on India and Central Asia. It contains a few references to events occurring after the death of Emperor An, including a brief account of the arrival of the first official envoys from Rome in 166. Fan Ye, himself, clearly says that the new information contained in this section on the Western Regions , is largely based on information from the report of Ban Yong: