Volume 37, Issue 3, 2005
Acta Academica - Volume 37, Issue 3, December 2005
Volume 37, Issue 3, December 2005
Politieke transformasie : 'n konseptuele oriëntering en Suid-Afrikaanse toepassing
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 1 –40 (2005)
In hierdie artikel word die konsep politieke transformasie, soos wat dit sedert 1994 plaasgevind het, geanaliseer en daarna empiries op die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks toegepas. Politieke transformasie as reaksie teen 'n onaanvaarbare verlede word uiteengesit as reaktiewe, progressiewe, beplande, fundamentele en snelle verandering. Die fenomeen politieke transformasie word as 'n uiters dinamiese samelewingsproses verduidelik teen die agtergrond van die hegemonie van die ANC; die herstrukturering van die opposisiepolitiek; politieke en ekonomiese kapasiteite; politieke konflik en patrone van geweld; en die uitwerking van die Suid-Afrikaanse transformasiepogings op die Suider-Afrikaanse gemeenskap. Die uitwerking van die vorige (apartheids-) regering se ewolusionêre veranderings op die ANC se rewolusionêre strategie word in perspektief geplaas, sowel as die implikasies hiervan vir die Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing en politiek. End
<b>Political transformation : a conceptual orientation and South African application</b> <br>In this article the concept of political transformation, as it has occurred since 1994, is analysed and then empirically applied in the South African context. Political transformation in reaction to an unacceptable political past is presented as a reactive, progressive, planned, fundamental and rapid change. The phenomenon of political transformation - as an extremely dynamic societal process - is explained against the background of the political hegemony of the ANC; the restructuring of opposition politics; political and economic capacity; political conflict and patterns of violence, as well as the impact of South Africa's transformation initiatives on the Southern African community. The article places in perspective the influence of the previous (apartheid) government's evolutionary change on the ANC's revolutionary strategy, as well as the implications for South African society and politics. End
Higher education and the market : influence and responses
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 41 –64 (2005)
This article briefly considers theoretical assumptions about markets and then explores how internationalisation, globalisation and neo-liberalism relate to markets in higher education. To gain a better understanding of how markets manifest themselves in South Africa, it then explores how the three Western Cape universities (Cape Town, Stellenbosch, and the Western Cape) position themselves in relation to the market. What are the possible responses to markets in higher education? Three possibilities are explored. First, an institution of higher education may promote what Chomsky referred to as a "free marketplace of ideas". Secondly (but related to the first possibility), it may emphasise higher education as a democratic public sphere. Thirdly, it may refocus on equity within the South African higher education system. End
<b>Hoër onderwys en die markte : invloed en reaksies</b> <br>In hierdie artikel word die teoretiese veronderstellings van markte kortliks in oënskou geneem en die verhouding van internasionalisering, globalisasie en neoliberalisme tot die hoër onderwys word ondersoek. Ten einde 'n beter begrip te kry van hoe markte in Suid-Afrika daar uitsien, word daar gekyk na hoe die drie universiteite in die Wes- Kaap (Kaapstad, Stellenbosch en Wes-Kaapland) hulself in die mark posisioneer. Drie antwoorde word gesuggereer op die vraag: wat is moontlike reaksies tot markte in hoër onderwys? Eerstens dat ons Chomsky se markplein van idees bevorder; tweedens dat ons hoër onderwys as 'n demokratiese publieke sfeer beklemtoon en in die derde plek dat herfokus word op gelykheid in ons hoëronderwyssisteem. End
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro : a therapeutic team adventure
Author Hendrik Kriek
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 65 –85 (2005)
This study presents a description of an adventure therapy experience undertaken by an individual who climbed Mount Kilimanjaro as part of a hiking team. Using phenomenological analysis and operating from a social constructionist stance, it describes how the narratives of the subject were altered through the interplay of individual, team and adventure. It shows how she reclaimed nurturing behaviour, regained emotional competence and relinquished independence. Through the experience, she also escaped her situation of entrapment by redefining her competing relationships, allowing leadership and re-evaluating spirituality by means of an enhanced sense of connectedness. Thus, she used the adventure experience as an event or text through which she created meaning and reconstructed some of the operant narratives in her life. The study indicates that adventure provides an opportunity for participants to deconstruct and reconstruct the operative narratives of their lives. End
<b>'n Kilimandjaro-bestyging : 'n terapeutiese spanavontuur</b> <br>Hierdie studie gee 'n beskrywing van die terapeutiese ervaring van 'n individu wat die berg Kilimandjaro as deel van 'n staptoerspan geklim het. 'n Fenomenologiese analise vanuit 'n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese uitgangspunt word gevolg en dit beskryf hoe narratiewe van die individu verander is deur die wisselwerking van individu, span en avontuur. Dit dui aan hoe sy versorgingshandeling herontdek het, emosionele toereikendheid herbevestig het en onafhanklikheid laat vaar het. Dit dui voorts aan hoe sy haar gevoel van beklemming ontkom het deur kompeterende verhoudings te herdefinieer, leierskap toe te laat en spiritualiteit te herevalueer deur middel van 'n groter belewenis van verbintenis. Dus, die avontuur-terapeutiese ervaring is gebruik as gebeurtenis of teks waardeur sy betekenis kon skep en sommige operante narratiewe in haar lewe kon rekonstrueer. Die studie dui daardeur aan hoe avontuur aan deelnemers die geleentheid bied om operante narratiewe te dekonstrueer en te rekonstrueer. End
Selling HIV / AIDS prevention : a case of mixed messages
Authors: Dennis Francis and Nicole Rimensberger
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 86 –105 (2005)
This paper reports on a content analysis of three youth magazines, undertaken in order to establish whether the messages of &lt;I&gt;loveLife&lt;/I&gt; are diluted, contradicted or reinforced by such examples of popular youth culture. <I>SL, Blunt&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Ymag&lt;/I&gt; were sampled over a period of six months (July-December 2003) in an attempt to identify and analyse the content and perceptions that these magazines convey to their readers. The relationship between the message content of the three magazines and the core values of <I>loveLife</I>'s educational campaigns is then explored. End
<b>Die verkoop van MIV / VIGS-voorkoming : 'n geval van gemengde boodskappe</b> <br>Deur middel van 'n inhoudsanalise van drie tydskrifte wat gerig is op die jeug, stel hierdie artikel ondersoek in na die moontlikheid dat die boodskappe van &lt;I&gt;loveLife&lt;/I&gt; afgewater, weerspreek of versterk word deur hierdie stortvloed van populêre jeugkultuur. Ons kyk na <I>SL, Blunt&lt;/I&gt; en &lt;I&gt;Ymag&lt;/I&gt; as 'n steekproef van die populêre jeugkultuur oor 'n tydperk van ses maande (Julie-Desember 2003) en probeer om die inhoud wat hierdie tydskrifte aan hulle lesers oordra, te identifiseer en te analiseer. Ons verken dan die verhouding tussen die kommunikatiewe inhoud van die drie tydskrifte en die kernwaardes wat &lt;I&gt;loveLife&lt;/I&gt; se opvoedkundige veldtogte onderlê. End
Gender, purchase intention and sponsor image : a case study of the 2003 Cricket World Cup
Authors: Neels Van Heerden, Theuns Kotze and Johan Bruwer
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 106 –124 (2005)
This study examines the influence of gender and recall in terms of sponsor image and purchase intention in relation to the four international sponsors of the 2003 Cricket World Cup (CWC 2003). The research was conducted six months after the CWC 2003 among 120 university students. The hypothesis was that consumers who correctly recalled a particular brand as one of the four global sponsors of CWC 2003 would have a more positive image of that brand and a stronger intention of purchasing it than those who were not able to recall the brand as a sponsor. The findings supported this hypothesis for only one of the sponsor brands, namely LG. They also identified sizeable differences in the correlation between sponsor image and purchase intention for respondents in the two recall groups. Male and female respondents differed in their ability to recall two of the sponsor brands, but no gender differences were found in their scores on sponsor image or purchase intention. End
<b>Gender, aankoopvoorneme en die beeld van borge : 'n gevallestudie van die 2003 Krieketwêreldbeker</b> <br>Die invloed van geslag en herroepvermoë op die beeld van 'n borg en op die aankoopintensies van verbruikers ten opsigte van die vier internasionale borge van die 2003 Krieketwêreldbeker is in hierdie studie ondersoek. Die navorsing is ses maande na die einde van die 2003 Krieketwêreldbeker onder 120 universiteitstudente gedoen. Die hipotese is gestel dat verbruikers wat 'n bepaalde handelsmerk korrek as 'n algemene borg van die 2003 Krieketwêreldbeker kon herroep, 'n positiewer beeld van die betrokke handelsmerk sou hê en ook 'n sterker aankoopintensie teenoor die handelsmerk sou openbaar. Die hipotese het slegs vir een van die borge gegeld. Die resultate dui wel op beduidende verskille in die korrelasie tussen die beeld wat verbruikers van 'n borg het en hul aankoopintensie vir respondente in die twee herroepgroepe. Mans en vroue se vermoë om borge te herroep het beduidend vir twee van die handelsmerke verskil, maar wat die respondente se beeld van die borge of hul aankoopintensies betref, was daar geen verskil tussen die twee geslagte nie. End
Gender stereotypes and reconstruction : a feminist appraisal of Nigerian video films
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 125 –149 (2005)
This paper posits that the video film, a popular art form in Nigeria, should initiate a new image and foster the empowerment of women, rather than merely reflecting the damaging traditions within society. Traditionally, a woman's role is that of a subordinate to man, and women are restricted to a very narrow domain. This is reflected in the film media by means of a portrayal and projection of negative female stereotypes, which furthers the wrong socialisation of the female in society. Negative stereotypes are reflected particularly in some of the thematic concerns, including prostitution, adultery, jealousy and crime. In the context of film's having become one of the most powerful agents of change within society, this study provides an interpretative evaluation of the Nigerian video film industry and advocates that the battle against stereotyping must necessarily be fought by adopting a tripartite approach, at the levels of ideology, film-making and film criticism. End
"Cultural development" in Mangaung s on the discourse of a development agency
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 150 –164 (2005)
This study investigates the 12-year involvement of the MUCPP in "cultural development" in Mangaung. Since "development" and "culture" are highly ramified concepts, their application is first explained. Next, since the stance adopted by Ferguson (1990) towards development is particularly useful when considering development discourses, his discussions on development will serve as the theoretical and methodological basis of this article. Thus, the main objective of this study will not be to survey or explain the success or failure of the institutionalised production of "cultural development" in Mangaung. Instead, the article will strive to understand, explain and analyse the "cultural development industry" of the MUCPP in terms of its dominant ideas and its discourse. This will be done within certain constraints, including the paucity of written information. The findings will thus depend largely on interviews conducted to supplement the documentary information. Finally, conclusions will be drawn, raising questions that may inform any future cultural interventions in Mangaung on the part of the MUCPP. End
<b>"Kulturele ontwikkeling" in Mangaung : refleksies op die diskoers van 'n ontwikkelingsagent</b><br>Die MUCPP se betrokkenheid die afgelope 12 jaar by "kulturele ontwikkeling" in Mangaung vorm die tema van hierdie bydrae. Aangesien "ontwikkeling" en "kultuur" begrippe met allerlei implikasies is, word die gebruik daarvan eerstens verduidelik. Wat die teoretiese en metodologiese vertrekpunte betref, word in die tweede plek aansluiting gevind by die standpunt van Ferguson. Die hoofoogmerk met die studie is nie om die geïnstitusionaliseerde produksie van "kulturele ontwikkeling" in Mangaung in oënskou te neem ten einde te bepaal of dit suksesvol of onsuksesvol was en die redes daarvoor uit te wys nie. Die kerndoelwit met die artikel is die verstaan, verduideliking en ontleding van die "kulturele ontwikkelingsindustrie" van die MUCPP in terme van dominante idees en diskoerse en dit word derdens gehanteer. Ofskoon voldoende inligting nie altyd beskikbaar was nie, word vierdens 'n ontleding van die diskoersindustrie van die MUCPP oor "kulturele ontwikkeling" gegee en laastens word gevolgtrekkings wat bepaalde vrae laat ontstaan, gemaak. End
Authors: Isaac Rampedi and Jana Olivier
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 165 –183 (2005)
<I>Athrixia phylicoides&lt;/I&gt; (<I>Asteraceae</I>) is a plant indigenous to the north-eastern mountain ranges of South Africa. It has been harvested for generations by rural communities for use as a tea and a medicine as well as to make brooms. Due to the popularity of these products, signs of over-exploitation of the plant have recently been noted. Commercial production of <I>A phylicoides&lt;/I&gt; may be considered as a means of alleviating this pressure on the plant's natural population and its habitat, provided that there is sufficient demand for the plant and its products. This article reports on two surveys conducted to determine the present use of the plant and to assess the demand for its products. End
<b>Die gebruik en kommersiële ontwikkelingspotensiaal van <I>Athrixia phylicoides</I></b> <br><I>Athrixia phylicoides&lt;/I&gt; (<I>Asteraceae</I>) is 'n inheemse plant wat in die noordoostelike bergreekse van Suid-Afrika aangetref word. Die plant word al geslagte lank deur landelike gemeenskappe geoes en vir die maak van tee, medisyne en besems gebruik. Hierdie plantprodukte is baie gewild en dit wil nou voorkom of die plant moontlik oorbenut word. Die kommersiële verbouing van <I>A phylicoides&lt;/I&gt; kan oorweeg word as 'n wyse waarop die druk op die natuurlike populasie van hierdie plant asook op sy habitat verlig sou kon word, mits die vraag na die plant en sy produkte groot genoeg is. In hierdie artikel word daar verslag gedoen oor twee opnames wat uitgevoer is om die huidige gebruik van die plant te bepaal en die moontlike vraag na <I>A phylicoides</I>-produkte te beraam. End
Solid waste management in intensively farmed rural areas : a Western Cape case study
Authors: Hannes Van der Merwe and Ilse Steyl
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 184 –211 (2005)
Waste control in intensively farmed and densely settled rural areas of South Africa poses a particular challenge to integrated waste management policy. In this case study, undertaken in the Western Cape, a survey among 350 rural landowners revealed a typology of the significant amounts of often environmentally detrimental waste generated, and confirmed that inappropriate storage, collection and disposal strategies were employed on rural properties. Disposal sites were generally poorly located, constructed and operated, generating environmental problems. Owners' perceptions of their own practices, their attitude towards participation in alternative waste management schemes, and their service needs are reported on in this article in order to inform service provision strategies. Owners expressed a variety of needs and requirements for public service delivery, as well as a willingness to participate in and to pay for services. End
<b>Afvalbeheer in landelike gebiede waar intensief geboer word : praktyke en probleme in 'n Wes-Kaapse gevallestudie</b> <br>Afvalbeheer in intensief bewerkte en digbewoonde landelike gebiede in Suid-Afrika skep uitdagings vir 'n geïntegreerde afvalbestuursbeleid. Hierdie navorsing in die Wes-Kaap rapporteer die resultate van 'n opname onder 350 landelike grondeienaars. Die beduidende hoeveelhede afval, wat dikwels omgewingsbedreigend van aard is, word geklassifiseer en 'n analise van die afval bevestig die dikwels gebrekkige praktyke vir die berging, versameling en opruiming daarvan op die eiendomme. Afvalterreine se algemene swak plasing, konstruksie en bedryf skep omgewingsprobleme. Eienaars se eie persepsies oor hul afvalpraktyke, hul bereidheid tot deelname aan alternatiewe afvalbestuurskemas en hul diensbehoeftes word in die verslag gerapporteer om diensleweringstrategieë te help rig. Eienaars vermeld 'n reeks behoeftes vir openbare dienste en indien dit sou realiseer, is hulle bereid is daaraan deel te neem en daarvoor te betaal. End
Authors: Olugbenga Ladebo and Abayomi Oloruntoba
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 212 –233 (2005)
This study examined the effects of stressors and coping strategies on the well-being of academic staff in an agricultural university in Nigeria. Surveys were administered to 133 faculty members. The stressors identified were heavy workloads, inadequate physical facilities, insufficient resources, poor working conditions, and career advancement expectations; the coping mechanisms employed included active planning, supportseeking and disengagement. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis showed that positive affectivity (PA) was significantly and positively related to job satisfaction and psychological strain. Stressors such as poor working conditions and heavy workloads were significantly and negatively related to job satisfaction and psychological strain, respectively. It is suggested that lessened workloads and improved working conditions might significantly enhance the well-being of faculty members. End
The induction of inexperienced teachers : problems and needs
Authors: Trudie Steyn and Salome Schulze
Source: Acta Academica 37, pp 234 –259 (2005)
This paper reports on an investigation into the problems experienced by neophyte educators. Hypotheses were formulated, focusing on the relation between gender, age, years of teaching experience and geographical location, on the one hand, and problems experienced, on the other. Perceptions of the various existing support systems and ways in which mentors could be selected were also investigated. The most pressing problems experienced were a lack of resources and an inability to maintain discipline or implement outcomes-based education (OBE). These problems were influenced by gender, age, years of experience and the specific education system in which the neophyte teacher was employed. End
<b>Die oriëntering van beginneronderwysers : probleme en behoeftes</b> <br>Die doel van hierdie artikel is om verslag te doen oor 'n ondersoek na die probleme wat beginneronderwysers ervaar. Hipoteses is geformuleer wat fokus op die verband tussen geslag, ouderdom, jare onderwyservaring en geografiese ligging enersyds en die probleme wat ondervind word, menings oor ondersteuningsmetodes en die selektering van mentors andersyds. Die belangrikste probleme waarvoor beginneronderwysers te staan kom, is 'n gebrek aan hulpbronne, die handhawing van dissipline en die implementering van uitkomsgerigte onderwys (UGO). Die probleme wat beginneronderwysers moet oorkom, word beïnvloed deur geslag, ouderdom, jare ervaring en die bepaalde onderwysstelsel waar die beginner werk. End