Civil Human Rights Front
The Civil Human Rights Front (CHRF) was an organisation that focused on the issues of Hong Kong politics and livelihood, affiliated with almost all pan-democratic camps in Hong Kong. It was founded on 13 September 2002 and disbanded on 15 August 2021. Forty-eight NGOs and political groups were involved in the organisation in January 2006. The most well-known event held by the CHRF was the Hong Kong 1 July marches. Organisational development. Civil Human Rights Front was founded on 13 September 2002, with the aim to provide a platform consolidating voices and powers  from various groups and spectrum of the societies in order to advance the development in the human and civil rights movements. The initial aim was to focus on the enactment of the legislation of Article 23 of the Basic Law. After the protest in 2003, the organisation started to diversify its mandate, to include issues such as equal opportunities and authorities given to the police. Since 2017 they have been lobbying the Hong Kong government through the United Nations Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process as one of the main Hong Kong UPR Coalition Steering Committee members alongside Justice Centre Hong  Kong, PEN Hong Kong, and Hong Kong Watch. Arrest of Figo Chan. In April 2020, then-vice-convener, also known as co-convener of the organisation, Figo Chan, was arrested as part of a crackdown on pro-democracy activists. In May 2020, he appeared before the West Kowloon magistrates' court and was granted bail. There, he said that "demonstrating is not a crime". 2021 coalition exodus, national security law and allegations of foreign funding. After the charging of 47 pro-democracy activists and politicians under the national security law (including the indictment of former convener Jimmy Sham Tsz-kit), the  organisation was questioned by pro-Beijing media as to whether it had a right to exist under the current security laws. In March 2021, the Democratic Party and the teachers' union withdrew from the Front. Convener Figo Chan confirmed this but did not explain further. Also in the same month, a Singaporean newspaper quoted officials from the Hong Kong government saying that the Front was funded by the US agency National Endowment for Democracy, which is illegal under the national security law as "colluding with foreign forces"; both, former convener Sham and current convener Chan denied the allegations. On the  threat of disbandment, Chan said that "[F]or this reason, we will not and cannot disband, and I, as its convenor, am absolutely willing to live and die with the Front as long as there are still member groups that remain." 2021 arrest of Jimmy Sham and conviction of Figo Chan. On 6 January 2021, Jimmy Sham was arrested along dozens others amidst a crackdown on pro-democracy figures and participants of the pro-democracy primaries. Sham was rearrested on 28 February 2021 on subversion charges and awaits trial as of late May 2021. Also in late May 2021, the  group's convener Figo Chan was convicted over a unlawful assembly in 2019 and handed a 18 months' imprisonment term, leading the group temporarily leaderless. Member organisations. The following civic organisations and political parties are members of CHRF.