Operation Black Vote
Operation Black Vote (OBV) is non-partisan and not-for-profit national organisation that was established in 1996 to address the Black British and ethnic minority democratic deficit. Focusing on voter registration, lobbying politicians and mentoring schemes, OBV aims to inspire black and minority ethnic communities to engage with public institutions to address the perceived race inequalities in areas including education, health and employment. Background. Between 1994 and 1996 Black communities were subject to severe social and political pressure. The New York-based Human Rights Watch identified Britain as the country with the highest incidence of racial  attacks in Europe. Research at Southampton University by law professor Lawrence Lustgarden showed that Britain jails more Black people per head of population than the USA. In early 1996, with the last date for a General Election 18 months away, Black volunteers at Charter88 and activists at The 1990 Trust began exploring ways of using the most important event in Britain's political calendar to raise the concerns of the Black community. OBV began by collating political and demographic data in marginal constituencies, and soon realised that the Black vote was potentially immensely powerful. In more than 50 seats the  number of African, Asian and Caribbean voters was greater than its marginality. In another 50, Black numbers were such that OBV had the potential to play a significant role in any closely fought contest. A call to action would have a solid base and an immediate focus: the power of the Black vote at the coming General Election. The challenge was to persuade the Black community to recognise that power and inspire them to participate - and to serve notice on the political parties that they ignored the Black electorate at their peril. Operation Black Vote was launched in July 1996 . In just ten months, OBV held more than 100 meetings at schools, colleges, community centres, local party offices and town halls up and down the country. OBV distributed over 250,000 voter registration cards; 500,000 leaflets in six different languages, and 50,000 posters. In comparison to any election before 1997, the positive attention the Black electorate received from the major parties was unprecedented. In a speech made on 18 January 1997 at the Commonwealth Institute in London, the then Prime Minister John Major said: "There is much still to be done. I don’t pretend that the prospects for the young  black man in Brixton is yet as open to talent as it is to the young white man in the Home Counties. It clearly isn't. But we must try and make it so." Liberal Democrats leader Paddy Ashdown pledged to make the House of Commons more representatives, and described it as "a white, male, middle-class club", and Tony Blair emphasised his lifetime commitment "to fight against racism". At constituency level, MPs and candidates across the country took part in OBV Question Time meetings. For the first time in British political history, every candidate OBV invited came to listen  to the Black electorate and argue their case. OBV's work. Operation Black Vote’s work covers four main areas: Operation Black Vote Canada. OBV Canada is a separately incorporated non-profit established in 2004. The organization works to "educate, promote, and support Black Canadians' participation in the political process at all levels". It was founded by Bromley Armstrong, Denham Jolly, Delores Lawrence, Eva R. Lloyd, and Cynthia Reyes. Operation Black Vote Canada applied for a Canadian Federal program to support Black community initiatives, and was rejected for not being led by enough Black individuals, despite the fact that the  organizations leadership is solely Black.