Alexander Gorodnitsky
Alexander Moiseevich Gorodnitsky (; born March 20, 1933) is a well-known Soviet and Russian bard and poet. Professionally, he is a geologist and oceanographer. Gorodnitsky is an author of over 250 scientific publications on geophysics and tectonics of ocean bottom. He teaches in Moscow State University and State University of the naukograd Dubna. He was awarded the honorary title of "Merited figure of sciences of Russian Federation" (2005). He is a member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Early life. Gorodnitsky was born on 20 March 1933 in Leningrad to a Russian Jewish family. His father was  engineer and worked in the printing industry. His mother, in her youth, was a school math teacher, then she worked as corrector and editor of sailing directions. Gorodnitsky survived the Siege of Leningrad during Second World War. In 1951, he graduated from high school and entered the Faculty of Geophysics of the Leningrad Mining Institute, which he graduated in 1957 with specialist degree. Academic career. From 1957 until 1972 Gorodnitsky worked in the Research institute for Geology of Arctic (its current name is "All-Russian Research Institute for Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean named after academician I.S.  Gramberg" ()). He has participated in many geological expeditions. Gorodnitsky is one of the discoverers of the Igarskoye copper deposit (1962). Since 1962, he has participated in maritime geophysical expeditions. Gorodnitsky is one of the authors of new ocean's electric field measurement method (1967). In collaboration with V.D. Fedorov and A.N. Paramonov he discovered the bioelectric effect of phytoplankton (1967). In 1968, he became a Candidate of Sciences (thesis on "The application of magnetometry and electrometry for the ocean bottom exploration"). From 1969 until 1972 Gorodnitsky headed the Laboratory of Marine Geophysics of the Research institute for Geology of Arctic . In 1972, Gorodnitsky moved from Leningrad to Moscow and started working for the Research Institute of Oceanology named after P.P. Shirshov as a principal researcher. In 1982, he became a Doctor of Sciences in geological and mineralogical sciences (thesis on "The structure of oceanic lithosphere and underwater mountain building"). In 1991, Gorodnitsky was given the highest academic rank of the professor. He authored original model of petromagnetic structure of the Mid-ocean ridge zones (1997). Poet and singer-songwriter. Gorodnitsky's first songs appeared during his expedition in 1953. For a long time his songs were distributed via samizdat tape  recordings, and often performed by other singers. Like Alexander Galich, and unlike other bards, Gorodnitsky composed and sang his songs a cappella for several decades; later, he started playing the guitar. Most of his songs are based on his personal experiences. In concert, he usually performs with a professional guitarist accompanying him. Gorodnitsky is acknowledged to be one of the founders of the bard songs genre in Soviet Union. His most popular songs are following: "Atlases hold up the sky", "Near the Pillars of Hercules", "To the mainland", "Blue sky above Canada", "French ambassador's wife", "Snow", "Riffles", "The song  of polar pilots". He is an author of over 50 poems, songs and other literary works. Gorodnitsky is a member of the Union of Writers of Russia and PEN International. He was awarded the honorary title of "Merited figure of arts of Russian Federation" (2013). Gorodnitsky currently resides in Moscow and regularly performs at concerts and various bard festivals. Family. Gorodnitsky has a son from first wife, a Vladimir (born 1955), who has been living in Israel since 1984. His second wife was Anna Nal (28 September 1942 - 11 September 2017), professional interpreter/translator. The marriage was childless. Political views  and social activity. Gorodnitsky opposed the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation and had signed the open letter against war, political self-isolation of Russia, restoration of totalitarianism.