2009 Taconic State Parkway crash
The 2009 Taconic State Parkway crash was a traffic collision that occurred shortly after on Sunday, July 26, 2009, on the Taconic State Parkway in the town of Mount Pleasant, near the village of Briarcliff Manor, New York, United States. Eight people were killed when a minivan, being driven by 36-year-old Diane Schuler, traveled in the wrong direction on the parkway and collided head-on with an oncoming SUV. Schuler, her daughter and three nieces, and the three passengers in the oncoming SUV were killed. The crash was the worst fatal motor vehicle  accident to occur in Westchester County since July 22, 1934, when a bus accident in Ossining claimed twenty lives. The ensuing investigation into the crash's cause received nationwide attention. Toxicology tests conducted by the medical examiner revealed that Schuler was heavily intoxicated with both alcohol and marijuana at the time of the crash. Her husband, Daniel Schuler, has consistently denied that she used drugs or alcohol "excessively" and has made multiple national media appearances to defend his late wife and call for further investigation into other possible medical causes for her erratic driving. An independent investigator hired by the  Schuler family obtained DNA testing and toxicology testing of Schuler's samples, and also confirmed the results of the original testing. Day of incident. At approximately on Sunday, July 26, 2009, 36-year-old Diane Schuler left the Hunter Lake Campground in Parksville, New York, in a red 2003 Ford Windstar that belonged to her brother. Riding with Schuler were her 5-year-old son and 2-year-old daughter, and her brother's three daughters (ages 8, 7, and 5). Her husband, Daniel Schuler, left the campground at the same time in a separate vehicle since he had a  pickup truck and took the family dog with him. A co-owner of the campground later said that Diane appeared sober when she departed. On the way to their home in West Babylon, Schuler stopped at a McDonald's restaurant and a Sunoco gas station in Liberty. Surveillance video at the Sunoco shows Schuler arriving and leaving the station and going inside the gas station store. There is no audio. Schuler’s husband, sister-in-law, and an investigator working on their behalf all made claims and/or inferences that Schuler spoke to the Sunoco clerk attempting to buy over-the -counter pain-relief medication, although the gas station did not sell any. However, these claims cannot be verified as the Sunoco clerk never spoke to police nor gave any statements or interviews, and there is no audio for the surveillance video to reveal what Schuler might have said, if anything. Schuler left Liberty just after , traveling along Route 17/Interstate 86 and the New York Thruway (Interstate 87), entering the Ramapo-Sloatsburg service area, and crossing the Tappan Zee Bridge heading east. Several witnesses later reported seeing a red minivan driving aggressively on Route 17/Interstate 86 and Interstate  87, including aggressively tailgating, flashing headlights, honking the horn, moving in and out of lanes, and straddling two lanes. At , Schuler called Warren Hance, her brother and father of her three nieces, from the van. She reportedly told him that they were being delayed by traffic. According to a police report, Schuler was seen by witnesses at approximately by the side of the road with her hands on her knees, as if vomiting; she was seen again in the same position a short time later, north of the Ramapo-Sloatsburg rest stop. At about , another call was made to Hance  from Schuler's cell phone. During this call, one of Schuler's nieces reportedly told her father that Schuler was having trouble seeing and speaking clearly. Schuler herself then talked to Hance and said that she was disoriented and could not see clearly. Police believe that the car was stopped in a pull-off area beyond the Tappan Zee Bridge tollbooths for at least part of this call. Hance reportedly told Schuler to stay off the road while he came to meet them; follow-up calls from Hance to Schuler were not answered. For some reason, she left her cell  phone on the highway; it was found by another motorist by the side of the road near the tollbooths. Investigators have not determined what route Schuler took from the bridge to the Taconic State Parkway ramps near Briarcliff Manor. At , two drivers called 9-1-1 after noticing her van edging onto the parkway's northbound exit ramp. The end of the exit ramp, at the intersection with Pleasantville Road, is marked with two signs that read "" and two signs that read "". Within the next minute, four more 9-1-1 calls were placed by motorists who reported that a  car was traveling the wrong way down the parkway going approximately . The van traveled south for in the parkway's northbound passing lane before colliding head-on, at approximately , with a 2004 Chevrolet TrailBlazer, which then struck a 2002 Chevrolet Tracker. At the time of impact, Schuler was traveling approximately 85 mph. Two men who witnessed the accident and smoke rising out of the van ran to assist the occupants. After removing Schuler from the van, the two men saw a large, broken Absolut Vodka bottle by the driver's side. The men tried to pull the girls out of  the van and noted that they had no pulse. Because the children possibly were not wearing seatbelts and had been thrown together, the men did not notice Bryan stuck under another child. Bryan was the only survivor of the accident. Victims. Schuler, her daughter, and two of her nieces died at the scene of the crash, along with the three men in the TrailBlazer: 81-year-old Michael Bastardi, his 49-year-old son Guy, and their friend, 74-year-old Dan Longo. The two occupants of the Tracker suffered only minor injuries. Schuler's severely injured third niece and  her 5-year-old son Bryan were taken to area hospitals, where the niece died later that day. Bryan is the only passenger of Schuler's vehicle to survive, suffering from broken bones and severe head trauma. He remained hospitalized before returning home in early October. Intoxication levels. The investigation of the collision drew nationwide attention, as Schuler's husband Daniel strongly disagreed with the conclusion that she was heavily intoxicated at the time of the crash. A toxicology report released on August 4 by Westchester County medical examiners found that Schuler had a blood-alcohol content (BAC) of 0.19 %, with approximately six grams of alcohol in her stomach that had not yet been absorbed into her blood. The legal BAC limit for driving while intoxicated in New York is 0.08%. The report also said that Schuler had high levels of THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, in her system. In an August 8 press conference, Daniel Schuler and his attorney Dominic Barbara initially denied that Diane did drugs or was drinking that weekend at the campground since several children were with them. Daniel then changed the story and consistently denied that his wife ever "drank to excess" or could  have been drunk while driving that day. When Larry King and Oprah Winfrey asked Daniel about the vodka in the van, he claimed that they always kept an old bottle in their camper. He further stated that Diane did all the packing for the camping trip, so she must have moved the bottle into the van. Daniel eventually admitted that he and his wife had been drinking during the camping trip, but denied that Diane had anything to drink on the day preceding the crash. The campground co-owner (who knew the Schulers well) saw them off at approximately that  morning, and stated that Diane appeared sober. The gas station employee whom Schuler asked for pain medication at around also said, "[I knew] for a fact [that] she wasn't drunk when she came into the station." According to Tom Ruskin, a private investigator supposedly hired by Daniel for $30,000, none of the McDonald's employees saw anything in Schuler's behavior to suggest that she was intoxicated. In fact, she was observed carrying on an extended conversation while ordering her food and orange juice. Ruskin told reporters in September that he had interviewed relatives, none of whom had  ever seen her in a drunken state. He also pointed to autopsy results that showed an absence of organ damage often found in alcoholics, although an uninvolved medical examiner said such results do not rule out alcoholism. Schuler's relatives have also disputed that Diane was known to drink heavily or irresponsibly. Daniel denied that his wife did drugs, but told investigators that his wife smoked marijuana only "occasionally" and the family told "People" magazine that she used it to relieve insomnia. Although Daniel was an officer in the Public Security Unit of the Nassau County Police Department, he was  not required to report his wife's drug use as he is a civilian. In November, it was reported that Diane's sister-in-law had made a statement to police that she actually smoked marijuana on a regular basis. Daniel and Barbara believed that Schuler drove erratically due to a medical issue, such as a stroke. According to Barbara, Schuler was obese for much of her life and suffered from diabetes, although additional sources cite Diane as only having had gestational diabetes, a temporary condition related to a prior pregnancy rather than a chronic condition. Barbara has also mentioned  an abscess that had persisted in Diane's mouth for seven weeks before her death, and a lump in her leg, about which she said, "[It] might have been an embolism". The results of an autopsy conducted by a Westchester County medical examiner one day after the accident found that Diane had not suffered a stroke, aneurysm, or heart attack. In September, New York's top forensic pathologist said that a hair test should have been done to determine Diane's drug history. Daniel and Barbara announced plans to exhume the body to perform the hair test and other examinations ; experts said that this was unlikely to produce any new information since tests from two separate labs came up with exactly the same conclusion. Daniel also intended to re-test the fluid samples taken during the autopsy. The Westchester County medical examiner's office, which performed the autopsy, said that the degradation of the fluids over time was likely to result in lowered alcohol and THC readings; however, several toxicology experts said that the results should be similar to the previous test if the fluid samples had been properly stored. On November 7, Ruskin announced that the Schuler family had  raised the money to retest Diane's tissue samples and that the retesting would take place soon. In July 2010, it was reported that Daniel had accepted a $100,000 offer from a film company, Moxie Firecracker Films, to record his wife's exhumation for an HBO documentary. The money would reportedly be placed in trust for Bryan. Daniel's persistence in disputing his wife's intoxication and drug use was condemned by relatives of the three TrailBlazer victims. When Daniel appeared on CNN's "Larry King Live" to demand more testing of his wife's remains, Longo's brother  Joseph issued a statement saying in part, "I want Daniel Schuler to know that he keeps inflicting more pain on all concerned once again [by] going to the media to try [to] paint a picture of a perfect wife and mother." Bastardi's daughters appeared with their lawyer on NBC's "Today", during which they questioned Daniel's culpability in enabling his wife's substance abuse and called for him to undergo drug testing himself. "It makes me angry that he keeps denying it," said Margaret Nicotina, Bastardi's daughter. "Every time he does it, he brings it back for  us. I just wish that he would just admit that she was drunk. Maybe if he knows what happened that morning, if they argued or anything, that would be the truth. He wants the truth. So do we." Their lawyer called Daniel's position totally outrageous, an insult to the intelligence of the American public, and a hoax. Ruskin said on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" in October 2009 that Daniel had avoided media appearances since "Larry King Live" out of respect to the Bastardi family. In June 2010, the New York State Police issued its final report on the accident  following eleven months of analysis. The report upheld the previous toxicology findings that Schuler was highly intoxicated and had high levels of THC in her system at the time of the accident. Legal action. According to a Westchester County medical examiner, the crash was ruled a homicide soon after it occurred because the victims were killed due to Diane Schuler's negligent driving, regardless of toxicology findings. On August 18, Westchester County District Attorney Janet DiFiore said that no charges would be filed in the incident, because Schuler was the only person responsible for the deaths. "Diane Schuler died in  the crash and the charges died with her," DiFiore said. In October 2009, DiFiore faced accusations from both Dan Schorr (a Republican challenger for her office) and a Bastardi family attorney that she had mishandled the Schuler case by neglecting to initiate a grand jury investigation into the crash. In response to Schorr's comments, DiFiore responded, "Is he suggesting that there was criminal evidence of a crime committed by someone and we wouldn't pursue it? That's just silly." DiFiore won re-election in November. The Bastardi family said that if DiFiore did not convene a grand jury , they would seek support in the matter from the state attorney general and the governor. Following a request from the Bastardi family that an administrator be appointed for Diane's estate so that a lawsuit could be filed, Daniel officially declined the role in November 2009, leaving it to a county-court judge to appoint a public administrator. On December 10, the Bastardi family filed suit against Diane and her brother, Warren Hance, seeking unspecified damages for wanton, willful, and reckless conduct. According to the family's lawyers, they were required by state law to include Hance in the suit  because he was the owner of the van. In July 2011, Jackie Hance, who lost her three daughters in the accident, filed suit against Daniel, her brother-in-law. The suit claimed that the three deceased Hance girls suffered terror, fear of impending death, extreme horror, fright, and mental anguish. On July 26, 2011, the day after the premiere of the HBO documentary and on the second anniversary of the crash, Daniel sued the state for not "keeping the road safe" and his brother-in-law Warren Hance as the owner of the minivan that Diane was driving. By July  2014, all lawsuits by all parties were either settled or dropped. Child Passenger Protection Act. In August 2009, New York Governor David Paterson proposed the Child Passenger Protection Act, which would make it a felony to drive while intoxicated if a passenger under the age of 16 is in a vehicle. The proposal became known as Leandra's Law following the October 2009 death of 11-year-old Leandra Rosado, a passenger in a vehicle whose driver was drunk. The Child Passenger Protection Act was signed into New York law on November 18, 2009. Media. In September 2009, the syndicated  talk show "Dr. Phil" broadcast an episode about drunk-driving moms that focused heavily on Schuler and the crash. The next month, Oprah Winfrey devoted an episode of her show to the crash, interviewing Tom Ruskin via Skype, with Winfrey responding incredulously to several of his claims. The "Law & Order" episode "Doped," which first aired in November 2009, centers on a crash extremely similar to the crash. The fictionalized version features a woman who speeds down the West Side Highway in the wrong direction before crashing and killing herself, her daughter and her two nieces, and another family in another  car. Bastardi relatives reacted with anger upon hearing that the NBC drama would be basing an episode on the real-life tragedy. "There's Something Wrong with Aunt Diane", directed by Liz Garbus for HBO Documentaries, establishes a timeline of events prior to the accident. The documentary suggests that Diane Schuler could have been suffering from severe pain caused by a tooth abscess during the drive home, causing her to look for painkillers at the gas station and, upon failing to find any, self-medicating with drugs and alcohol. The pain of the abscess, combined with vodka and marijuana, could  have put her in a temporary state of delirium that triggered her fatal behavior. In the documentary, Daniel and Barbara claim they gave a private investigator, Tom Ruskin, $30,000 to conduct an independent investigation and to re-test samples. Throughout the documentary, Daniel and Jay Schuler, Diane's sister-in-law, claim that Ruskin would not return their phone calls for nine months. At the end of the documentary, over the phone, Ruskin states that he had called Jay months previously with the results and that she refused to pick up her phone. She is seen claiming that "she  was told not to pick up" and "that she didn't understand any of it." Ruskin then informs her that his tests corroborated the previous tests; that Diane was highly intoxicated from alcohol and marijuana. Schuler's family persisted in refusing to accept the test results. Jackie Hance wrote a book called "I'll See You Again" in which the tragedy is revisited, focusing on her initial grief and later reemergence into life. Stephen King's short story "Herman Wouk is Still Alive" in his horror fiction anthology "The Bazaar of Bad Dreams" (2015) is, according to King, a story  directly based on the Taconic State Parkway accident. The Hance Family Foundation. Jackie and Warren Hance formed a foundation, the Hance Family Foundation, whose main purpose is to honor the lives of their three daughters by ensuring healthy, happy, and safe children through innovative self-esteem educational programming. The foundation's central project is Beautiful Me, a self-esteem program designed to educate girls by promoting appreciation for their genuine qualities, accurate self-awareness, and the satisfaction of helping others.