Royal National Mòd
The Royal National Mòd () is an Eisteddfod-inspired international Celtic festival focusing upon Scottish Gaelic literature, traditional music, and culture which is held annually in Scotland. It is the largest of several major Scottish Mòds and is often referred to simply as the Mòd. The Mòd is run by "An Comunn Gàidhealach" (The Gaelic Association) and includes competitions and awards. History. The Mòd was founded by An Comunn Gàidhealach. St Columba's Church, Glasgow, also greatly influenced the Mòd's inception when, in 1891, its choir was invited to give a Gaelic Concert in Oban, presided over  by Lord Archibald Campbell. The concert was attended by much of the Scottish nobility, including Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife. After the concert, the choir were entertained to supper at the Alexandra Hotel, and a description of the entertainment is given in one of William Black's novels. This concert was the prelude to the first Mòd, which was held at Oban the following year and St. Columba Choir won the award in the Choral music competition. The Mòd has been held most years in October since 1892. The only years in which the National Mòd was not  held were the war years of 1914-1919 and 1939–1946, and the pandemic year of 2020. The "Royal" was not originally part of the name. It is still the practice of the St Columba's Church to send a concert party to start off the fund-raising when the Mòd visits Oban. As well as winning the premier choir competition for the first three years, the congregation has also had many Mòd gold medallists over the years. The Mòd itself has been greatly influenced by the National Eisteddfod of Wales, although it tends to be somewhat more restrained in its  ceremonial aspects. A watershed moment took place during the 2011 Royal National Mòd at Stornoway, when the poetry of Lewis MacKinnon, composed in the Canadian Gaelic dialect spoken in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, won the Bardic Crown. It was the first time in the history of the Mòd that such an award had been granted to a non-Scot. Competitions. The Mòd largely takes the form of formal competitions. Choral events and traditional music including Gaelic song, fiddle, bagpipe, clarsach and folk groups dominate. Spoken word events include children's and adults' poetry reading, storytelling and Bible reading, and categories  such as Ancient Folk Tale or Humorous Monologue. Children can also present an original drama, and there are competitions in written literature. The Mòd also runs an annual shinty competition, the Mòd Cup, between the two shinty teams closest to where the Mòd is taking place. The winners of each day's competitions are invited to perform in the winners' cèilidhs held every evening. The Mòd is a celebration of [Scottish] Gaelic language and culture, which raises its profile and contributes towards the aim of securing its future. Improvements in the provision of Gaelic-medium education across Scotland have meant  that by 2007 the junior fluent speakers' section had increased to such an extent that the organisers were forced to extend some of the competitions beyond one day. There has been some criticism of the prominence of the "Gold Medal" event of operatic-style singing, which some Gaelic musicians feel marginalises more traditional singing styles. Culturally, the Mòd is comparable to the Welsh Eisteddfod and the Irish Oireachtas na Gaeilge. The Mòd Fringe. The Mòd draws a large crowd, which leads local venues to put on various events in addition to the official Mòd events. These events are collectively referred  to as the Mòd Fringe. To participants, the Mòd is also an opportunity to meet with old friends and make new ones. The Mòd is popularly known as the "Whisky Olympics", considered "either a vicious slur or fair comment". Media coverage. BBC Scotland has traditionally broadcast Mòd highlights on BBC One, BBC Two and Radio nan Gàidheal. Since its introduction in 2008, BBC Alba has provided coverage in Gaelic. Presenters have included traditional musician, Gaelic speaker and broadcaster, Mary Ann Kennedy and Gaelic broadcaster Cathy Crombie. Past and future festivals. The Mòd is held each October, and has been held  in the following locations throughout Scotland, both Highland and Lowland. These are the host locations to date: The next four Mòds have each been postponed by a year, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland: The southernmost host location is Ayr, the easternmost Aberdeen and the northernmost is Thurso. As can be seen from the list, certain locations are more favoured. Areas with large amounts of hall space and accommodation are favoured. Some notable areas of Scotland that have never been visited by the Mòd include Arran, Islay (which has a significant Gaelic-speaking population), Dumfries and Galloway, Fife, Angus  (outwith Dundee), most of North East Scotland, Loch Lomond-side etc. The Mòd has never been to the Scottish Borders or the Northern Isles, but there is little connection between these areas and the Gaelic language. Unlike the National Eisteddfod, the National Mòd has never been held in England.