Pfannenstiel (Zürich)
Pfannenstiel (el. ) is a wooded mountain respectively a region overlooking the Lake Zürich and Zürcher Oberland in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. Geography. Pfannenstiel (Swiss German: "Pfannenstil" meaning "pan handle") is commonly used for the mountain and the region of a longish mountain area. It is located in the , some in the southeast of the city of Zürich, bordered by Greifensee and Zürcher Oberland in the northeast, Lake Zürich in the southwest and the area around the municipality of Hombrechtikon in the east. In the northwest, Pfannenstiel is bordered by the village of Forch and a former  mountain pass () leading from Glatt valley to the Lake Zürich shore. Its highest point ("Okenshöhe") is about 450 metres above the Lake Zürich. From southeast to northwest, Pfannenstiel is part of a chain of peaks respectively mountains: "Guldenen" (), "Wassberg" (), "Öschbrig" (), Adlisberg (), Zürichberg (), Käferberg-Waidberg () and "Hönggerberg" (). The area alongside Lake Zürich had been formed as the left moraine of the Ice Age glacier, the bed of which is now the Lake Zürich. History and origin of the name. On the origin of the name "Pfannenstiel" remembers the plate (Inn sign) of the "Vorderer Pfannenstiel" restaurant: A pan containing pitch used  to send smoke signals. In the 17th century or much earlier, the government of the city of Zürich established a system of "" to warn, in cases of emergency as threat of war, the neighboring "Hochwachten" on the Albis, near Forch, on Zürichberg, Käferberg, Bachtel, Uetliberg, and so on, by fire and smoke. The Pfannenstiel Hochwacht was located on the summit called "Okenshöhe" as from there numerous other Hochwachten were in direct sight. For the same reason, in 19th century "Okenhöhe" was uses for a triangulation point as other triangulation points can be measured. These measurements form the backbone of the  national geographical survey. Nevertheless, the pan with the fire as sign of "bad luck" it's not the real origin of the term "Pfannenstiel": It was first mentioned in documents of the year 1333, and it is assumed that the term points to a meadow and farmland nearby forming a panhandle. Literary honor. Pfannenstiel got further literary honor: The Swiss poet Albin Zollinger (1895-1941) immortalized Pfannenstiel in his novel „"Pfannenstiel: Die Geschichte eines Bildhauers"“ („The Story of a Sculptor“). In the novel, a sculptor returns to Switzerland, and disappointed by the political reality, he retires on Pfannenstiel, builds a  house and finds an intact village community. Three weeks before his death at the age of 46, Zollinger met the young Max Frisch on the Pfannenstiel. Pfannenstiel tower. In 1893 on the Bachtel mountain was built an observation tower of steel which was declared in 1979 by the government of the canton of Zürich as an object of historic preservation. Six years later, the tower was stored by the Swiss Post (former PTT) on technical reasons, and in 1992, the tower was rebuilt on Pfannenstiel. The tower is riveted and is made of steel and cast iron. The reconstruction was  done by specialists from Eastern Europe where this technology still was in use. The new location for the reconstruction was initially controversial: The cantonal authorities preferred the highest elevation on the mountain in the middle of forested area. The executive of the municipality of Meilen was not satisfied as it is a protected area. The final location is somewhat below located in the municipality of Egg. Further points of interest. Pfannenstiel is a picturesque area, and the upper side of the mountain houses four restaurants overlooking Lake Zürich, Etzel, Zimmerberg, Albis, Uetliberg to the south and to the west, and  Greifensee, Glattal, Bachtel and Zürcher Oberland to the north and east. The upper part of the mountain is mostly woodland and a popular recreational area with picnic sites, in addition there are hiking routes, among the "Küsnachter Tobel" pathway. In winter season a cross-country skiing trail is a popular point of interest. As mentioned, "Okenshöhe" triangulation point is the highest elevation on Pfannenstiel allowing beautiful views. It is named after the natural scientist Oken who, in the beginning of the 19th century, did a lot of tours on mountains rarely visited. In 1838 he bought the area now called  Okenshöhe. His heirs donated the land to citizens of the municipality of Meilen. They formed the "Mittwochsgesellschaft" (Wednesday society) which did not allow to overbuilt this area. Region Pfannenstiel. The term "Region Pfannenstiel" usually refers to the mountain, the area and plateau between Zollikon-Zollikerberg and Hombrechtikon-Feldbach bordered by the upper Glatt valley–Zürcher Oberland and Lake Zürich. This region includes the municipalities of Egg, Erlenbach, Herrliberg, Hombrechtikon, Küsnacht, Meilen, Männedorf, Oetwil am See, Stäfa, Uetikon am See, Zollikon and Zumikon. Transportation. The Forchbahn line (S18) from Zürich Stadelhofen railway station to (preferred) Forch or Esslingen train station, S -Bahn Zürich on the lines S6 and S16 (Küsnacht: "Küsnachtertobel" to Forch), as well as S6 and S7 to Meilen (Bus line 922, stop "Vorderer Pannenstiel") or Stäfa or Hombrechtikon-Feldbach and local bus lines 955 and 970, run up to different parts of the Pfannenstiel area. In the summer there are regular boats to Zürich as well as along the lake to Rapperswil, run by the Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft (ZSG). A small motorship of the ZSG is named after the mountain.