Sadan people
Sadan are the Indo-Aryan-speaking ethnolinguistic groups of Chota Nagpur Plateau consist of Indian state of Jharkhand and neighbouring states who speak Nagpuri, Khortha, Panchpargania and Kurmali language as their native language.<ref name="Sadani / Sadri"></ref> Definition. Sadan refers to Indo-Aryan speaking various castes or social groups of Jharkhand who speak Nagpuri, Khortha, Panchpargania and Kurmali. The term "Sadan" probably derives from Nishada, referring to an ethnic group of North India. Sadan are those who have settled in the region. According to Bisheshwar Prasad Keshari, original form of these languages must have developed within different Nagjati. According  to Ram Dayal Munda and S Bosu Mullick, the category "Sadan" was used in estate of Nagvanshi king of Chotanagpur and is uncertain one. The Sadan people settled in Chotanagpur much before British Period. Some were adventures who initiated state formation in the 16th-17th century, some were traders, rich peasants, administrator and irregular army. History. The Chota Nagpur plateau region has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. Several stone tools and microliths from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods were discovered in this region. There are ancient cave paintings in Isko, Hazaribagh district, from the Meso-chalcolithic period (9,000-5,000 BC ). It is believed that Sadan people arrived in Chotanagpur sometime after Aryan came to India. During 2nd millennium BCE the use of Copper tools spread in Chota Nagpur Plateau and these find complex are known as the Copper Hoard Culture. According to many historians Copper hoard people were early Aryan, who came to South Asia before Vedic Aryan. In the Kabra-Kala mound at the confluence of the Son and North Koel rivers in Palamu district, various antiquities and art objects from the Neolithic to medieval periods have been found; the pot-sherds of redware, black and red ware, black  ware, black slipped ware, and NBP ware are from the Chalcolithic to late medieval periods. Iron slag, microliths, and potsherds from 1400 BCE, according to carbon dating, were discovered in Singhbhum district. During the late Vedic period, several janapadas emerged in northern India. Several Nishada kingdoms probably existed in Jharkhand during that time. In the 6th century BCE, the mahajanapadas emerged in several parts of the Indian subcontinent. Some parts of present-day Jharkhand were parts of the Magadha and Anga mahajanapadas. In the Mauryan period, this region was ruled by a number of states, collectively known as the Atavika  (forest) states. These states accepted the suzerainty of the Maurya empire during Ashoka's reign (c. 232 BCE). During the medieval period, the Nagvanshi, Ramgarh Raj, and Chero dynasties were ruling this region. The Mughal influence reached this area during the reign of Emperor Akbar when it was invaded by Raja Mansingh in 1574. There was several invasion during Mughal rule. Influence of the British East India Company reached this region in the 18th century. Raghunath Mahato led a revolt against the East India company in the Jungle Mahals in 1769. Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo and Pandey Ganpat Rai led rebels  against the East India company in the 1857 Rebellion. Tikait Umrao Singh, Sheikh Bhikhari, Nadir Ali, Jai Mangal Singh played pivotal role in Indian Rebellion of 1857. After independence this region became parts of Bihar state. In November 2000, the new state of Jharkhand separated from Bihar, comprising Chota Nagpur Division and Santhal Pargana Division. Castes and Communities. Various Sadan community and Castes are Ahir/Gowala, Bhogta, Bhuiya, Sonar, Mali, Chamar, Baraik, Gosain, Ghasi, Jhora, Kewat, Rautia, Brahmann, Nagvanshi, Dhanuk, Paik, Dhobi/Baghwar, Koeri, Kumhar, Kudumi Mahato, Kurmi, Tanti , Teli, Rajput and Bania etc. among others. Culture. Language. Sadan people  traditionally speak Nagpuri, Khortha, Kurmali and Panchpargania as their native language which are classified as Bihari language. Folk dance. Jhumair is a common folk dance of Sadan. Chhau is another folk dance prevalent in the Kurmali-speaking region. Akhara is a village ground where people dance. Festival. The Karam and Jitia are important festivals of the Sadan. Other important festivals are Mansa puja, Sohrai, Sarhul, Tusu, and Fagua. Religion. Sadan people worship Suraj (Sun), Chand (Moon), Gramadevata, Karam Devta (Tree spirit) in various festival which is usually performed by head of family in home and village priest in village known  as "Pahan". Sadan people follow folk Hinduism which is different from vedic religion and is non-vedic culture prevalent since Chalcolithic period.