Banksia ser. Crocinae
Banksia" ser. "Crocinae is a taxonomic series in the genus "Banksia". The series was first published by Alex George in 1981, but discarded by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges in 1996, and finally reinstated by George in 1999. Recent cladistic analyses suggest that it is monophyletic or nearly so. Species. It consists of four closely related species, all of which are endemic to Western Australia; namely Systematics. George 1981. "B." ser. "Banksia" originated in the 1981 arrangement of George, published in his classic monograph "The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". George grouped the four species into a series  on the grounds that they are "remarkably similar especially in floral morphology", giving the series the name "B." ser. "Crocinae" from the Latin "crocinus" ("rich orange"), in reference to the bright orange inflorescences. He also remarked that "the series is probably derived from the "Orthostylis", which can in hingsight be read as an admission of paraphyly. The placement and circumscription of "B." ser. "Crocinae" in George's 1981 arrangement may be summarised as follows: Thiele and Ladiges 1996. In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges undertook a cladistic analysis of morphological characters of "Banksia", which yielded a phylogeny somewhat at  odds with George's taxonomic arrangement. Their cladogram included a clade consisting of the members of George's "B." ser. "Banksia", together with the four members of "B." ser. "Crocinae": "B." ser. "Crocinae" was found to be monophyletic, but "B." ser. "Banksia" was paraphyletic with respect to it. To resolve this, Thiele and Ladiges abandoned "B." ser. "Crocinae", transferring its four taxa into "B." ser. "Banksia". They then divided "B." ser. "Banksia", into two subseries, with the species belonging to George's "B." ser. "Crocinae" endind up in "B." subser. "Cratistylis". George 1999. Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement remained current only  until 1999, when George's treatment of the genus for the "Flora of Australia" series of monographs was published. This was essentially a revision of George's 1981 arrangement, which took into account some of Thiele and Ladiges' data, but rejected their overall arrangement. With respect to "B." ser. "Cyrtostylis", George's 1999 arrangement was identical to his 1981 arrangement, except that "B. burdettii" and "B. victoriae" were exchanged in phyletic order. Recent developments. Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses suggest a phylogeny that  is rather different to previous taxonomic arrangements. "B." ser. "Crocinae" is monophyletic or nearly so, occurring in a polytomous clade with "B. menziesii"; this clade is sister to a clade containing "B. sceptrum" (Sceptre Banksia) and "B. ashbyi" (Ashby's Banksia), and a clade containing "Banksia lindleyana" (Porcupine Banksia): Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of "Banksia" by transferring "Dryandra" into it, and publishing "B." subg. "Spathulatae" for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym "B." subg. "Banksia". All members of "B." ser. "Crocinae" fall within Mast and Thiele's  B. subg. "Banksia", but no further details have been published. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of "Dryandra" is complete.