Baghatur
Baghatur (; "Baγatur", Khalkha Mongolian: Баатар "Bātar"; ; ; ; ) is a historical Turkic and Mongol honorific title, in origin a term for "hero" or "valiant warrior". The Papal envoy Plano Carpini (-1252) compared the title with the equivalent of European Knighthood. The word was common among the Mongols and became especially widespread, as an honorific title, in Genghis Khan's Mongol Empire in the 13th century; the title persisted in its successor-states, and later came to be adopted also as a regnal title in the Ilkhanate, in Timurid dynasties, etc. The word was also introduced into many non-Turkic languages as  a result of the Turco-Mongol conquests, and now exists in different forms such as , , Polish "" (meaning "hero"), (meaning "brave"), Persian "Bahador", Georgian "Bagatur", and Hindi "Bahadur". It is also preserved in the modern Turkic and Mongol languages as Altai "Баатыр (Baatïr)", Turkish "Batur/Bahadır", Tatar and Kazakh "Батыр (Batyr)", Uzbek "Batyr" and Mongolian "Baatar" (as in Ulaanbaatar). The concept of the Baghatur has its roots in Turco-Mongolian folklore. Like the bogatyrs of Russian traditional tales, Baghaturs were heroes of extraordinary courage, fearlessness, and decisiveness, often portrayed as being descended from heaven and capable of performing extraordinary deeds. Baghatur  was the heroic ideal Turco-Mongolian warriors strove to live up to, hence its use as a military honorific of glory. Etymology. The term was first used by the steppe peoples to the north and west (Mongolia) of China as early as the 7th century as evidenced in Sui dynasty records. It is attested for the Second Turkic Khaganate in the 8th century, and among the Bulgars of the First Bulgarian Empire in the 9th century. Some authors claim Iranian origin of the word, the first syllable is very likely the Iranian title word *bag "god, lord". According to Gerard  Clauson, "bağatur" by origin almost certainly a Xiongnu (which Clauson proposes to be Hunnic) name, and specifically of the second Xiongnu Chanyu, whose name was transliterated by Han Chinese as (with "-n" for foreign "-r"), now pronounced "Mòdùn" ~ "Màodùn" in standard Chinese, List of individuals with this title. The term Baghatur and its variants – Bahadur, Bagatur, or Baghadur, was adopted by the following historical individuals: