Central Indochina dry forests
The Central Indochina dry forests are a large tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ecoregion in Southeast Asia. Location and description. The ecoregion consists of an area of plateau and low river basin in Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam and includes: These are the drier areas of Indochina with 1,000-1,500 mm rainfall per year and a long dry season when regular fires occur in the undergrowth, some set intentionally to clear the forest or drive out wildlife for hunters. Great swathes of this ecoregion are densely populated and are used for agriculture or urban development , especially in Thailand. Flora. While some large areas do remain in northeastern Cambodia, much of the original deciduous dipterocarp forest has presently been cleared, especially in Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. The remaining woodlands consist of a variety of types of habitat and consequently a wide range of trees and undergrowth plants. Fauna. The remaining forests are home to some large mammals including Asian elephants ("Elephas maximus"), wild water buffalo ("Bubalus arnee"), Eld's deer ("Cervus eldii") and three species of wild cattle the gaur ("Bos gaurus"), the banteng ("Bos javanicus") and the kouprey ("Bos sauveli"). Large herds of these grazing  animals were once widespread across the region and were preyed upon by tigers ("Panthera tigris"), clouded leopard ("Felis nebulosa"), leopards ("Panthera pardus") and dhole (wild dogs) ("Cuon alpinus"). Both loss of habitat and hunting have seriously reduced numbers of all these animals many of which are endangered with the kouprey very rare and other species such as the Javan rhinoceros ("Rhinoceros sondaicus"), Sumatran rhinoceros ("Dicerorhinus sumatrensis") and Schomburgk's deer ("Cervus duvaucelli schomburgki") now extinct in the region. Other mammals of the region include the pileated gibbon, two leaf monkeys (the silvery lutung and Phayre's leaf monkey), and the  sun bear while there are two endemic species, both are vesper bats - the Szechwan myotis ("Myotis altarium") and the Chinese pipistrelle ("Pipistrellus pulveratus"). There are 500 species of bird in the region including the critically endangered and possibly extinct white-eyed river martin ("Pseudochelidon sirintarae"), the endemic grey-faced tit-babbler ("Macronous kelleyi") and the endangered or threatened Bengal florican ("Eupodotis bengalensis"), greater adjutant ("Leptoptilos dubius") and white-shouldered ibis ("Pseudibis davisoni"). Other birds of the remaining woodlands of the area include the silver pheasant ("Lophura nycthemera"), Siamese fireback ("Lophura diardi"), Mrs. Hume's pheasant ("Syrmaticus humiae"), grey peacock-pheasant  ("Polyplectron bicalcaratum"), sarus crane ("Grus antigone"), great hornbill ("Buceros bicornis"), Austen's brown hornbill ("Anorrhinus austeni"), and wreathed hornbill ("Aceros undulatus"). The reptile and amphibian populations require further study but most likely include endemic species such as a critically endangered Cantor's giant soft-shelled turtle ("Pelochelys cantorii"), two geckos (the dtella, "Gehyra lacerata" and the sandstone gecko, "Gekko petricolus") and the Korat supple skink ("Lygosoma koratense"). Threats and preservation. Active preservation is required to keep large tracts of the remaining habitat intact and connected rather than being broken into small patches. This is particularly important for the survival of  the remaining tiger populations in the wild. About 6% of the area is protected with the largest areas including Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary, Lomphat Wildlife Sanctuary and Phnom Prich in Cambodia and Xe Piane National Biodiversity Conservation Area in Laos.