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The registrant had 98,481,863 shares of common stock outstanding as of April 30, 2020.
This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this report other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding COVID-19's anticipated impacts on our business, our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, our market growth and trends, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “preliminary,” “likely,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described under Item 1A of our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2019, as supplemented by Part II, Item 1A of this report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the effect of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, performance, or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. We undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this report or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.
Common stock—par value $0.001 per share; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 93,957,774 and 93,001,597 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Repayments to warehouse credit facilities
Repayments to secured revolving credit facility
Other payables—deposits held in escrow
Principal payments for finance lease obligations
Equity and Equity Compensation Plans
Index to Notes to Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation—The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The financial information as of December 31, 2019 that is included in this quarterly report is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in Item 8 in our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2019. Such financial information should be read in conjunction with the notes and management’s discussion and analysis of the consolidated financial statements included in our annual report.
The unaudited consolidated interim financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly our financial position as of March 31, 2020, the statements of comprehensive loss and stockholders' equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any interim period or for any other future year.
Principles of Consolidation—The unaudited consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of Redfin and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including those entities in which we have a variable interest and of which we are the primary beneficiary. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
COVID-19 Risks, Impacts and Uncertainties—We are subject to the risks arising from COVID-19's social and economic impacts on the residential real estate industry. Our management believes that these social and economic impacts, which include but are not limited to the following, could have a significant negative impact on our future financial position, results of operations, and cash flows: (i) restrictions on in-person activities associated with residential real estate transactions arising from shelter-in-place, or similar isolation orders; (ii) decline in consumers' desire for in-person interactions and physical home tours; and (iii) deteriorating economic conditions, such as increased unemployment rates, recessionary conditions, lower yields on individuals' investment portfolios, and more stringent mortgage financing conditions. In addition, we have considered the impacts and uncertainties of COVID-19 in our use of estimates in preparation of our consolidated financial statements. These estimates include, but are not limited to, likelihood of achieving performance conditions under performance-based equity awards, net realizable value of inventory, and the fair value of reporting units and goodwill for impairment.
Use of Estimates—The preparation of consolidated financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and results of operations during the respective periods. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. In January 2020 we adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), which modifies the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. As part of the adoption we estimated the current expected credit losses for certain classes of relevant assets. The amounts realized from the affected assets will depend on, among other factors, general business conditions, including the impacts from COVID-19, and could differ in the near term from carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Further description of the impact of this pronouncement is included in Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses—We have two material classes of receivables: (i) real estate services receivables and (ii) receivables from the sale of homes. Accounts receivable related to these classes represent closed transactions for which cash has not yet been received.
We establish an allowance for expected credit losses based on historical experience of collectibility, current external economic conditions that may affect collectibility, and current or expected changes to the regulatory environment in which we operate our real estate services business. As the majority of our transactions are processed through escrow, collectibility is not a significant risk, and we have determined the nature of our receivables to have similar credit quality indicators. We evaluate for changes in credit quality indicators on an annual basis or in the event of a material economic event or material change in the regulatory environment in which we operate, with the most recent assessment being performed in March 2020.
Investments—We have two types of investments: (i) available-for-sale investments that are available to support our operational needs, which are reported on the balance sheets as short-term and long-term investments, and (ii) long-term equity investments accounted for under the cost method, which are reported in other non-current assets.
Our short-term and long-term investments consist primarily of U.S. treasury securities and other federal or local government issued securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value, and unrealized holding gains and losses are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Available-for-sale securities with maturities of one year or less and those identified by management at the time of purchase to be used to fund operations within one year are classified as short-term. All other available-for-sale securities are classified as long-term. We evaluate our available-for-sale securities, both ones classified as cash equivalents and as investments, for expected credit losses on a quarterly basis. An expected credit loss reserve is charged against the fair value of an available-for-sale debt security when it is identified, with a credit loss charged against net earnings. We review factors to determine whether an expected credit loss exists based on credit quality indicators, such as the extent to which the fair value as of the reporting date is less than the amortized cost basis, present value of cash flows expected to be collected, the financial condition and prospects of the issuer, adverse conditions specifically related to the security and any changes to the credit rating of the security by a rating agency. Realized gains and losses are accounted for using the specific identification method. Purchases and sales are recorded on a trade date basis.
In December 2018, we purchased an equity interest in a privately held company for approximately $2,000, which is classified as long-term. The investment is an equity security without a readily determinable fair value that is accounted for at cost minus any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. We perform a qualitative assessment considering impairment indicators to evaluate whether the investment is impaired as of the end of each reporting period. See Note 3 for information on our assessment.
Advertising and Advertising Production Costs—We expense advertising costs as they are incurred and production costs as of the first date the advertisement takes place. Advertising costs totaled $22,529 and $30,234 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in marketing expenses. Advertising production costs totaled $174 and $48 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are included in marketing expenses.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements—In January 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), using a modified-retrospective approach. The adoption of this guidance requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The pronouncement, along with the related subsequent pronouncements that include clarifications, modifies the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments. This guidance requires the use of an expected loss impairment model for instruments measured at amortized cost based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the reported amount. The adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material impact on our consolidated
financial statements. See specific accounting policies for accounts receivable and available-for-sale debt securities previously discussed in this Note 1, and see Note 2 and Note 3 for additional impacts from the adoption.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements—Recent accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not have, or are not expected to have, a material impact on our present or future consolidated financial statements.
In operation of the business, our management, including our chief operating decision maker, who is also our chief executive officer, evaluates the performance of our operating segments based on revenue and gross profit. We do not analyze discrete segment balance sheet information related to long-term assets, all of which are located in the United States. All other financial information is presented on a consolidated basis. We have five operating segments and two reportable segments, real estate services and properties.
We generate revenue primarily from commissions and fees charged on real estate services transactions closed by our lead agents or partner agents, and from the sale of homes. Our key revenue components are brokerage revenue, partner revenue, properties revenue, and other revenue.
Revenue earned but not received is recorded as accounts receivable on our consolidated balance sheets, net of an allowance for expected credit losses. Accounts receivable consists primarily of
commission revenue and proceeds from the sale of homes in-transit through the escrow process, and therefore it is not estimated. Based on the regulated environment in which we operate and the nature of our receivables, we do not expect material credit losses, and write-offs were immaterial in the periods presented.
Our primary market exposure is to interest rate risk, specifically U.S. treasury and mortgage interest rates, due to their impact on mortgage-related assets and commitments. We use forward sales commitments on whole loans and mortgage-backed securities to manage and reduce this risk. We do not have any derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments.
Interest Rate Lock Commitments—Interest rate lock commitments ("IRLCs") represent an agreement to extend credit to a mortgage loan applicant. We commit (subject to loan approval) to fund the loan at the specified rate, regardless of changes in market interest rates between the commitment date and the funding date. Outstanding IRLCs are subject to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from the date of commitment through the loan funding date or expiration date. Loan commitments generally range between 30 and 90 days and the borrower is not obligated to obtain the loan. Therefore, IRLCs are subject to fallout risk, which occurs when approved borrowers choose not to close on the underlying loans. We review our commitment-to-closing ratio (pull-through rate) as part of an estimate of the number of mortgage loans that will fund according to the IRLCs.
Forward Sales Commitments—We are exposed to interest rate and price risk on loans held for sale from the funding date until the date the loan is sold. Forward sales commitments on whole loans and mortgage-backed securities are used to fix the forward sales price that will be realized at the sale of each loan.
The locations and amounts of gains (losses) recognized in income related to our derivatives are as follows:
A summary of assets and liabilities related to our financial instruments, measured at fair value on a recurring basis and as reflected in our consolidated balance sheets, is set forth below:
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of IRLCs is the pull-through rate. Significant changes in the input could result in a significant change in fair value measurement.
The following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of IRLCs:
Weighted-average pull-through rate
The following is a summary of changes in the fair value of IRLCs for the period ended March 31, 2020:
Balance, net—December 31, 2019
Issuances of interest rate lock commitments
Settlements of interest rate lock commitments
Net gain recognized in earnings
Balance, net—March 31, 2020
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at March 31, 2020
There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 financial instruments during the period.
See Note 14 for the carrying amount and estimated fair value of our convertible senior notes.
Assets and liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include items such as property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, cost method investments, and other assets. These assets are measured at fair value if determined to be impaired. During the period ended March 31, 2020, we determined that the fair value of our cost method investment in a privately-held company was less than the carrying value of $2,000 based on a variety of impairment indicators including the historical performance and future prospects of the company; therefore, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $1,420 related to this investment. The impairment charge is included in Impairment costs within our consolidated statement of cash flows and is included in Other income (expense), net within our consolidated statements of operations. We did not record any other significant nonrecurring fair value measurements after initial recognition for the period ended March 31, 2020.
The following table summarizes the cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair market value of our cash, money market funds, restricted cash, and available-for-sale investments.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position totaled $2,094 and $46,550, with aggregate unrealized losses of $6 and $22, respectively. We have evaluated our portfolio of available-for-sale debt securities based on credit quality indicators for expected credit losses and do not believe there are any expected credit losses. Our portfolio consists of U.S. treasury securities, all with high quality credit ratings issued by various credit agencies.
As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had accrued interest of $164 and $183, respectively, on our available-for-sale investments, of which we have recorded no expected credit losses. Accrued interest receivable is presented within other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
The following is a summary of inventory as of the dates presented:
Homes not available for sale
Homes under improvement
Inventory costs include direct home acquisition costs and any capitalized improvements, net of lower of cost or net realizable value write-downs applied on a specific home basis. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, lower of cost or net realizable value write-downs were $818 and $143, respectively.
The following is the inventory activity for the three months ended March 31, 2020:
Inventory as of January 1, 2020
Purchases and capitalized improvements to inventory
Inventory as of March 31, 2020
The following is a summary of property and equipment as of the dates presented:
Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment amounted to $3,186 and $1,515 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We capitalized software development costs, including stock-based compensation, of $2,677 and $1,911 during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The following are the components of lease activity as of the dates presented:
(1) Includes lease expense with initial terms of twelve months or less of $226 and $821 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively.
Less: Interest and other(1)
(1) Interest and other consists of interest expense related to capitalized right of use operating lease liabilities of $9,402, interest expense related to capitalized right of use financing lease liabilities of $18, commitments related to operating leases that have not yet commenced, and operating leases with initial terms of twelve months or less.
There were no leases entered into during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that provided a readily determinable implicit rate; therefore, we used our estimated incremental borrowing rate for each type of lease to discount the lease payments based on information available at lease commencement. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of existing leases in relation to our leasing strategy and have determined that most renewal options would not be reasonably certain to be exercised.
Weighted average remaining operating lease term (years)
Weighted average remaining finance lease term (years)
Weighted average discount rate for finance leases
Legal Proceedings—On August 28, 2019, one of our former independent contractor licensed sales associates filed a complaint against us in the Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco alleging that we misclassified her as an independent contractor instead of an employee. Given the preliminary stage of this case and the claims and issues presented, we cannot estimate a range of reasonably possible losses.
In addition to the matter discussed above, from time to time, we are involved in litigation, claims, and other proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. Except for the matter discussed above, we do not believe that any of the pending litigation, claims, and other proceedings are material to our business.
Leases and Other Commitments—We lease office space under noncancelable operating leases with terms ranging from one to 11 years and vehicles under noncancelable finance leases with terms of four years. Generally, the operating leases require a fixed minimum rent with contractual minimum rent increases over the lease term. Other commitments relate to homes that are under contract to purchase through our properties business but that have not closed, and network infrastructure for our data operations.
The following are future minimum payments due under these agreements as of March 31, 2020: