Giotto Maraghini
Giotto Maraghini (16 November 1882 – 10 April 1946) was an Italian admiral during World War II. Biography. He was born in Sanremo, province of Imperia, on November 16, 1882, the son of Edoardo Maraghini, principal of the Lyceum of Vercelli. He entered the Royal Naval Academy of Livorno in 1899, graduating with the rank of ensign in 1902. He served on various ships, including the armored cruiser "Giuseppe Garibaldi"; after commanding the gunboat "Volturno" with the rank of lieutenant, he was assigned on the armored cruiser "Pisa", participating in the Italo-Turkish War (1911- 1912) in which he  earned a War Cross for Military Valor for distinguishing himself in command of a landing company in Tobruk and Derna. During the First World War he served on submarines; he began the war as executive officer aboard the "Atropo", of which he later assumed command, sinking on 4 June 1916 the Austro-Hungarian steamer "Albanien". He was later given command of a more modern submarine, "H 7", being promoted to lieutenant commander in 1918; by the end of the war he had been awarded two Silver Medals of Military Valor and a War Merit Cross. He continued to serve on  submarines even after the war, commanding "Sebastiano Veniero" and "Luigi Galvani", until 1923, when he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff of the command-in-chief of the Fleet, embarking on the battleship "Conte di Cavour". In 1924 he was promoted to Commander; he was later sent to Monfalcone to follow the outfitting of the new Pisani-class submarines (commanding the "Des Geneys" in the summer of 1929), and between 1929 and 1931 he held the position of Chief of Staff of the submarine fleet command. In 1930 he was promoted to Captain and in 1930 he assumed command of  the heavy cruiser "Gorizia". In 1932-1933 he served as chief of staff of the 2nd Naval Division, after which he was in command of the defense of the La Spezia Naval Base and then of the Brindisi Naval Fortress Area. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1934 and vice admiral in 1936, being appointed commander of Maricosom, the command-in-chief of the Italian submarine fleet; between 1937 and 1938 he was in command of the 3rd Naval Division, with flag on the heavy cruiser "Trieste", and then the 8th Naval Division, with flag on the light cruiser  Duca degli Abruzzi. He was general director of personnel and military and scientific services of the Royal Italian Navy from 1938 to 1939, and after promotion to Admiral in 1941 he was president of the Superior Council of the Navy and of the coordination committee of technical projects. On April 15, 1943 he became Commander-in-Chief of the Naval Department of La Spezia. After the proclamation of the Armistice of Cassibile on September 8, 1943, he gave orders that ships that all unseaworthy ships in La Spezia should be scuttled or sabotaged, while all seaworthy ships were to sail  for Allied-controlled ports. Over thirty military vessels (the old light cruiser "Taranto", three destroyers, five torpedo boats, six submarines, three corvettes, one minelayer, one ammunition transport, two naval tankers, two landing craft, five military tug, and two motor torpedo boats) were thus scuttled before German forces occupied La Spezia on 10 September. Maraghini evaded capture and remained in hiding in German-controlled territory until June 4, 1944, when he presented himself in Rome at the Ministry of the Navy and was assigned to the Cabinet of the Minister, where he remained available until November 16, 1945 when he retired  from active service due to having reached age limits. He died in Rome on April 10, 1946.