Noël Coward Theatre
The Noël Coward Theatre, formerly known as the Albery Theatre, is a West End theatre in St. Martin's Lane in the City of Westminster, London. It opened on 12 March 1903 as the New Theatre and was built by Sir Charles Wyndham behind Wyndham's Theatre which was completed in 1899. The building was designed by the architect W. G. R. Sprague with an exterior in the classical style and an interior in the Rococo style. In 1973 it was renamed the Albery Theatre in tribute to Sir Bronson Albery who had presided as its manager  for many years. Since September 2005, the theatre has been owned by Delfont-Mackintosh Ltd. It underwent major refurbishment in 2006, and was renamed the Noël Coward Theatre when it re-opened on 1 June 2006. The building is now a Grade II Listed structure. History. Early years, 1903–1919. The New was the second of the three theatres in St Martin's Lane. The Trafalgar Square (now the Duke of York's) opened in 1892 and the London Coliseum in 1904. The actor-manager Charles Wyndham, who had been based at the Criterion Theatre for more than twenty years, moved  in 1899 to the larger Wyndham's Theatre which he commissioned in Charing Cross Road. To built Wyndham's he had been obliged to buy a larger parcel of land than he required, and in 1901 he was in negotiations to sell the area he did not need. When negotiations fell through he decided to build another theatre on the vacant site. This plot fronting on St Martin's Lane is bounded on one side by St Martin's Court, which also runs behind the theatre. While the theatre was in planning and then under construction it was referred to  simply as "the new theatre", and the name stuck. The street adjacent to it is called New Row. The theatre, like Wyndham's, was designed by the architect W. G. R. Sprague, and was the thirtieth theatre he designed. A contemporary report described the front elevation as "of the free classic order … at once dignified and effective". As at Wyndhams, the auditorium is constructed on the cantilever principle, rendering columns unnecessary and ensuring unimpeded views. The internal decoration was based on French designs from the 18th century. Over the Proscenium there is a gilt trophy emblematic of peace and music . The New Theatre opened on 12 March 1903 with a brief season consisting of a revival of "Rosemary" – a play by Louis N. Parker and Murray Carson, starring Wyndham and his partner (later wife) Mary Moore – and a special matinée of Wyndham's best-known production, "David Garrick". The following month Johnston Forbes-Robertson transferred his production of "The Light that Failed" from the Lyric, after which there were seasons featuring Mrs Patrick Campbell and then Cyril Maude. Fred Terry and Julia Neilson played an annual season of about six months at the New from 1905 to 1913, including many  revivals of their great success, "The Scarlet Pimpernel". Between these seasons, productions at the New Theatre included "Amasis", a comic opera by Frederick Fenn and Philip Michael Faraday (1906), with Ruth Vincent, and "Count Hannibal" (1910). In 1911 Terry presented "As You Like It" and "Romeo and Juliet" to introduce his daughter Phyllis to the stage. Between then and the First World War the theatre featured comedies and musical comedies. Dion Boucicault became manager in December 1915 and opened with a revival of "Peter Pan", revived each Christmas season until 1919. He produced a series of successes including new plays  by Somerset Maugham, J. M. Barrie, Arthur Wing Pinero and A. A. Milne. Leon M. Lion presented a season in 1918–19 in which Katharine Cornell made her only appearance on the London stage, playing Jo in a dramatisation of "Little Women". 1920s. "I'll Leave It to You", in 1920, was Noël Coward's first staged play, and ran at the New for 37 performances. Matheson Lang was associated with the New for several years, presenting and playing in Shakespeare and modern dramas. The London premiere of Bernard Shaw's "St. Joan" starring Sybil Thorndike followed in 1924. In July  1925 Robert Atkins took over management of the New, presenting Israel Zangwill's "We Moderns". The following year and for most of 1927 the New was home to a dramatisation of Margaret Kennedy's "The Constant Nymph", which ran for 587 performances, starring first Coward and then the young John Gielgud as Lewis Dodd. Towards the end of the decade, two comedies by P. G. Wodehouse and Ian Hay – "A Damsel in Distress" (1928), and "Baa Baa Black Sheep" (1929) ran for 234 and 115 performances respectively. 1930s. In February 1933 Gielgud began a period of management at the theatre . He produced and starred in Gordon Daviot's, "Richard of Bordeaux", which ran for 472 performances. He followed this in June 1934 with the same author's "Queen of Scots" starring Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies, which ran for 106 performances. In November 1934 he presented "Hamlet", which ran for 155 performances. After works by Hugh Walpole and Andre Obey, Gielgud presented a revival of "Romeo and Juliet" which had the longest run on record for that play: 186 performances. Peggy Ashcroft played Juliet and Edith Evans was the Nurse; Laurence Olivier played Romeo, and Gielgud Mercutio for the first part of  the run and then exchanged roles. Gielgud concluded with Chekhov's "The Seagull", directed by Theodore Komisarjevsky, a production that, according to "The Times" showed the play as "among the supreme masterpieces of the theatre". After Gielgud's tenure there was more Shakespeare at the New: "As You Like" with Edith Evans and Michael Redgrave; "The Taming of the Shrew" with Evans and Leslie Banks; and "Macbeth" with Olivier and Judith Anderson (all 1937). 1940s. During the Second World War the Old Vic was badly damaged by German bombs, and Sadler's Wells Theatre was requisitioned as a refuge for  those made homeless by air-raids. The drama company of the former and the opera and ballet companies of the latter toured nationally throughout the war, and Bronson Albery, stepson of Charles Wyndham through Mary Moore, managing director of the New Theatre, made it available to all three companies as a London base, although in practice the Old Vic company occupied the theatre more than the Sadler's Wells companies. The theatre historians Mander and Mitchenson single out productions of "The Beggar's Opera", "King John". "The Cherry Orchard" and "Hamlet" (with Robert Helpmann in the title role). In 1944 , with the end of the war in sight, a reconstituted Old Vic company took possession of the New, starring Ralph Richardson, Olivier and Thorndike. The repertory that year comprised Ibsen's "Peer Gynt", Shaw's "Arms and the Man", Shakespeare's "Richard III" and Chekhov's "Uncle Vanya". Between Old Vic seasons Robert Morley and Wendy Hiller starred in a Regency drama, "The First Gentleman", which ran for 654 performances. The 1945 Old Vic company season added "Henry IV, Parts I and II" and a celebrated double bill of "Oedipus" and "The Critic". In September 1946 "King Lear" and "Cyrano  de Bergerac" were given. Under a different management, Aldous Huxley's "The Gioconda Smile" was a success in 1948–49, running for 655 performances. 1950s and 1960s. In 1950 "The Cocktail Party" by T. S. Eliot began a run of 325 performances. From later in the decade Mander and Mitchenson single out Vivian Ellis's musical version of J. B. Fagan's "And So to Bed" (1951, 323 performances); "The Young Elizabeth" (1952, 498 performances); Katharine Hepburn in Shaw's "The Millionairess" (1952); Yvonne Arnaud in "Dear Charles" (1952, 466 performances); Dorothy Tutin in "I Am a Camera" (1954, 343 performances ); a comedy about bigamy, "The Remarkable Mr Pennypacker" (1955, 421 performances); Leslie Caron in Colette's "Gigi" (1956); "Under Milk Wood" (1956, 250 performances); "Summer of the Seventeenth Doll" (1957); Charles Laughton in "The Party" (1958); "The Rose Tattoo" (1959); Peter O'Toole in "The Long and the Short and the Tall" (1959); and the Theatre Royal Stratford East's "Make Me an Offer" (1959). In June 1960 "Oliver!", Lionel Bart's musical based on "Oliver Twist", was produced, and ran until September 1966, a total of 2,618 performances. "The Times" reported that its run had broken the previous West End  records – "My Fair Lady" (2,282) and "Salad Days" (2,283). The last years of the decade brought shorter runs to the New. They included "Jorrocks", a musical (1967, 181 performances); Gwen Watford and Gemma Jones in "Howards End" (1967, 137); Roy Dotrice playing multiple roles in the comedy "World War 2" (1967, 166); the Prospect Company's production of Farquhar's "The Constant Couple"; "Spring and Port Wine"; Paul Scofield in John Osborne's "The Hotel in Amsterdam"; the controversial "Soldiers" in December 1968, and in April 1969 "Anne of Green Gables", a new musical with Polly James in the lead . 1970s onward. A 1970 Royal Shakespeare Company production of Dion Boucicault's "London Assurance", directed by Ronald Eyre, with Donald Sinden as Sir Harcourt Courtly, (for which he received the 1975 Drama Desk Special Award) Roger Rees as Charles, Judi Dench as Grace and Dinsdale Landen as Dazzle, transferred to the New Theatre in 1972 for a year, prior to its 1974 run in New York. A revival of "Oliver!" ran from 1977 to 1980 In 1981, "Children of a Lesser God" won Olivier Awards for Best New Play and for actors Trevor Eve and Elizabeth Quinn. Among some of  the 1980s productions is the 1994 revival of Turgenev's "A Month in the Country" starring Helen Mirren and John Hurt. In the 2000s the theatre has played host to several Shakespeare productions including a production of "Twelfth Night" set in India with an entirely Asian cast. The production played to packed houses and only closed as the Royal Shakespeare Company themselves had exclusive rights to perform their annual London season of Tragedies there. Between December 2004 and April 2005, they presented "Hamlet", "Romeo & Juliet", "Macbeth", "King Lear" and a brand new production of Euripides' "Hecuba" starring Vanessa Redgrave. On  8 June 2005, Dion Boucicault's Victorian melodrama "The Shaughraun" opened; however, its success at the Dublin Gate Theatre was not repeated in London and it closed on 30 July. A dark period of around three months followed before the theatre was transferred to the ownership of Delfont Mackintosh Limited and reopened in October 2005 with The Right Size's new production "Ducktastic!". Once again this failed to live up to expectations and closed just three weeks after opening on 19 November 2005. A short Christmas season of Patrick Stewart's one-man version of Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol  played from 6 to 31 December 2005, before the theatre hosted the Edinburgh International Festival hit drama Blackbird" starring Roger Allam. The award-winning play Enron (directed by Rupert Goold, starring Samuel West and Tim Pigott-Smith) transferred here after a sellout run at the Royal Court. The European premiere of the Broadway hit, "Avenue Q", started previewing on 2 June 2006 and had its opening night on 28 June 2006, finally closing on 28 March 2009 prior to transferring to the Gielgud Theatre. Following a production of "Deathtrap", directed by Matthew Warchus and starring Simon Russell Beale and Jonathan  Groff, the theatre became the home of jukebox musical "Million Dollar Quartet" in February 2011.