David O. McKay
David Oman McKay (September 8, 1873 – January 18, 1970)<ref name="lds.org/manual"></ref> was an American religious leader and educator who served as the ninth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1951 until his death in 1970. Ordained an apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1906, McKay was a general authority for nearly 64 years, longer than anyone else in LDS Church history, except Eldred G. Smith (although Smith was in office for 66 years, he was not active therein for the final 34 years ). Early life. The third child of David McKay and Jennette Eveline Evans McKay, McKay was born on his father’s farm in Huntsville, Utah Territory, about east of Ogden. McKay's mother was a Welsh immigrant from Merthyr Tydfil, and his father was a Scottish immigrant from Caithness. In 1880, after the death of McKay’s two older sisters, Margaret and Ellena, his father was called on an LDS mission to his native Scotland, where he proselytized for two years. In his father's absence, seven-year-old McKay had additional family responsibilities and helped his mother. McKay's grandmother  bequeathed $5,000 to McKay's mother upon her death and directed that "every cent ... be used for the education of the children." This money allowed McKay, his brother Thomas, and his younger sisters Jeanette and Annie to attend the University of Utah. McKay graduated in 1897 as valedictorian and class president. Immediately afterward, he was called on a mission to Great Britain. Like his father, he presided over the Scottish district of the church. Early in his mission, he was impressed by a motto that he saw inscribed on a building in Stirling, "What E'er Thou Art, Act Well  Thy Part". This message became a source of inspiration throughout his life. Career in education. Upon his return from Scotland in late 1899, McKay taught at the high school level at LDS Weber Stake Academy (predecessor of Weber State University). He married Emma Ray Riggs in the Salt Lake Temple on January 2, 1901. They eventually had seven children, one dying as a young child.For his first three years at Weber, McKay taught mainly religion and literature classes. On April 17, 1902, McKay was appointed principal of Weber, succeeding the founding principal, Louis F. Moench, who had resigned after  nine years in the position. One of his first actions as principal was to organize a school paper. He oversaw the inauguration of sports programs at Weber, with men's and women's basketball teams organized during McKay's tenure. In 1905, they won their baseball game against the University of Utah. In 1905, church apostles John W. Taylor and Matthias F. Cowley resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve due to disagreement over the manifesto forbidding polygamy, and apostle Marriner W. Merrill died in early 1906. With three vacancies, George F. Richards, Orson F. Whitney, and McKay were called  as apostles in the LDS Church's April 1906 general conference. McKay was 32 years of age at the time. Prior to this appointment to full-time service, McKay had planned on a career in education and educational administration. He stayed active in education even after his appointment, continuing as principal of the Weber Stake Academy until 1908 (replaced by Wilford M. McKendrick). McKay stayed at Weber Stake Academy to see the completion of new building projects that he had begun. He also served on the Weber school's board of trustees until 1922, and on the University of Utah 's board of regents from 1921 to 1922. McKay enjoyed a long, personal friendship with John F. Fitzpatrick, who published the "Salt Lake Tribune" from 1924 until 1960. They met weekly for breakfast to discuss the betterment of Utah. Fitzpatrick organized the Newspaper Agency Corporation, a joint operating agreement between the "Salt Lake Tribune" (represented as the Kearns Corporation) and the church-owned "Deseret News", and consulted extensively with McKay to form this mutually beneficial business in 1952. Member of the Quorum of the Twelve. In October 1906, McKay became an assistant to the superintendent of the Deseret Sunday School  Union. At the time, Joseph F. Smith was both President of the Church and Superintendent of the Sunday School, so many of the actual duties of the Sunday School were performed by McKay. After Smith's death in November 1918, McKay became the Sunday School superintendent. In 1920, the First Presidency assigned McKay to make a worldwide tour of the missions of the LDS Church with Hugh J. Cannon, who recorded the journey of some 61,646 miles. They opened a new mission to China, traveled to Hawaii (where McKay had a vision, promising to build a school near the temple ), and visited Samoa, Tonga, New Zealand, and Palestine. In Palestine they met Wilford Booth and visited Armenian Latter-day Saints. McKay returned to Utah on Christmas Eve 1921. From 1923 until 1925, McKay served as president of the church's European Mission, headquartered in London, with the responsibility of all LDS Church functions in the British Isles and supervision of mission presidents. In this position, McKay first used the slogan "every member a missionary" for outreach promotion. The philosophy has since been taught as a general theme throughout the church. In 1934, McKay became Second Counselor in the First Presidency  under Heber J. Grant. He served in that capacity until Grant's death in May 1945, and when Grant was succeeded by George Albert Smith, McKay was called to continue as Second Counselor in the new Presidency. Influence on education. Within the leadership of the LDS Church, McKay focused on education. As General Superintendent of the church's Sunday School organization from 1918 to 1934, McKay built LDS seminaries near public high schools throughout Utah, allowing students to take LDS religious courses along with their secular high school education. McKay also transferred three LDS colleges to the state of Utah  in the 1920s: Snow College, Weber State University and Dixie College. Utah underfunded the institutions and in 1953 the governor, J. Bracken Lee, offered to give them back to the LDS Church. McKay, then president of the church, said he would accept them and the proposal was placed on the 1954 election ballot. Since it failed to pass, the three institutions remained property of the state. McKay guided the remaining LDS school in Utah, Brigham Young University (BYU) into a full four-year university. McKay was the fourth Commissioner of Church Education in 1920 and 1921. In honor of his  service, the BYU School of Education was named the McKay School of Education. Weber State University's school of education also carries his name. President of the LDS Church. President Heber J. Grant chose McKay to serve as Second Counselor in the First Presidency in 1934. He served in the presidency under church president Grant, and then under George Albert Smith Smith until 1951. In 1950 he also became President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles when his predecessor George F. Richards passed, making McKay the second most senior apostle after the church's president. He was set apart  as president of the church on April 9, 1951 upon Smith's death. He was 77 years old upon assuming the presidency, and served for 19 years until his death. During this time, the number of members and stakes in the LDS Church nearly tripled, from 1.1 million to 2.8 million, and 184 to 500 respectively. McKay was an outspoken critic of communism, opposing its perceived atheist underpinnings and denial of freedom of choice. Similarly, communist nations generally forbid proselytizing by the LDS Church and most other religions. In 1951, McKay began plans for what eventually became BYU-Hawaii. In  1954 he made another trip around the world, visiting Brazil, South Africa, Fiji, Tonga, and other countries. Under McKay's administration, the LDS Church's stance on Africans holding the priesthood was softened. Beginning in the mid-1950s, members of suspected African descent no longer needed to prove their lineage was "not" African, allowing dark-skinned members to receive the priesthood unless it was proved that they "were" of African descent. This policy improved proselytizing in racially mixed areas, such as South America and South Africa. Blacks of verifiable African descent (including most in the United States) were not permitted to  hold the priesthood until eight years after McKay's death. Beginning in 1961, the LDS Church spearheaded the Priesthood Correlation Program. By the 1970s, all church organizations were placed under direct priesthood leadership. These organizations became known as auxiliary organizations, which continue to the present day. Film director Cecil B. DeMille consulted with McKay during the production of his 1956 epic film "The Ten Commandments," forming a friendship until DeMille's death. McKay invited DeMille to BYU, where he delivered a commencement address in 1957. McKay regularly traveled until his 90s. His deteriorating health in the mid-1960s ultimately led to  the appointment of three additional counselors in the First Presidency, as existing members were increasingly infirm and often unable to preside at meetings. By 1968, the First Presidency was composed of six members, larger than it had been at the death of Brigham Young in 1877. McKay's counselors in the First Presidency were Stephen L Richards (First Counselor, 1951–59); J. Reuben Clark, Jr. (Second Counselor (1951–59, First Counselor 1959–61); Henry D. Moyle (Second Counselor 1959–61, First Counselor 1961–63); Hugh B. Brown (Third Counselor 1961, Second Counselor 1961–63, First Counselor 1963–70); N. Eldon Tanner (Second Counselor, 1963–70); Thorpe B. Isaacson  (Counselor, 1965–70); Joseph Fielding Smith (Counselor, 1965–70); Alvin R. Dyer (Counselor, 1968–70). Death. McKay died on January 18, 1970 at age 96, surrounded by most of his family. The cause of death was acute congestion. He had lived longer than any previous leader of the church. Funeral services were held in the Salt Lake Tabernacle. McKay was buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery. Family ties. His younger brother, Thomas Evans McKay (1875–1958), was a prominent missionary and mission leader for the LDS Church in Switzerland and Germany; he also served as an Assistant to the Quorum of the Twelve  Apostles from 1941 to 1958. McKay's niece, Fawn McKay Brodie, was the author of the controversial book "No Man Knows My History", a highly critical biography of Joseph Smith, the publication of which led to her eventual excommunication from the LDS Church. McKay's oldest son, David Lawrence McKay, was the eighth general superintendent of the LDS Church's Sunday School organization. When his father was ill, his son David often read his father's sermons during general conference. One of McKay's granddaughters is Joyce McKay Bennett, wife of former United States Senator Bob Bennett. Another grandchild, Alan  Ashton, was the co-founder and co-owner of computer program "WordPerfect". The Events Center at Utah Valley University in Orem, the David O. McKay Events Center, carried McKay's name between 1996 and 2010, after an anonymous donation was given in his honor. In 2010 the name was changed (to "Utah Community Credit Center") due to a fund-raising need at the university, and McKay's name was affixed to the university's Education Center instead. Teachings. McKay was concerned with missionary work, and coined the phrase "Every member a missionary" in order to encourage church members to become  more engaged in that work, and not just leave it to the full-time missionaries. McKay's statement that "[n]o other success can compensate for failure in the home" is taught to LDS Church members as an important principle. McKay's teachings as an apostle were the 2005 course of study in the LDS Church's Sunday Relief Society and Melchizedek priesthood classes.