Covenant Renewal Service
The Covenant Renewal Service, or simply called the Covenant Service, was adapted by John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, for the purpose of the renewal of the Christian believer's covenant with God. Wesley's "Directions for Renewing Our Covenant with God", first published in 1780, contains his instructions for a covenant service adapted from the writings of Richard Alleine and intended for use in Methodist worship as "a means of increasing serious religion." The first such service was held on 11 August 1755, in London. Congregations of some Methodist connexions (notably in the United Methodist Church , Free Methodist Church and Pilgrim Holiness Church in the United States) often use the Covenant Renewal liturgy for the watchnight service of New Year's Eve and New Year's Day. In the Methodist Church in Britain the custom is for the service to be held on the first Sunday of the New Year when a presbyter is available (since the Covenant service order includes Holy Communion, which according to British Methodist discipline cannot normally be presided over by a local preacher). In both cases the purpose is to renew one's commitment to Christ and the Church at  the start of the year. It includes hymns, prayers, Scripture lessons, a sermon, and Holy Communion. The covenant prayer and service are recognised as one of the most distinctive contributions of Methodism to the liturgy of Protestantism in general, and they are also used from time to time by other Christian denominations. Origins. In 1663 Richard Alleine, a Puritan, published "Vindiciae Pietatis: or, A Vindication of Godliness in the Greater Strictness and Spirituality of It". In 1753, it was again published in John Wesley's "A Christian Library". In his "Short history of the people called Methodists", Wesley describes the  first covenant service; a similar account is to be found in his "Journal" of the time. He says the first service was held on Monday 11 August 1755, at the French church at Spitalfields in London, with 1800 people present. Wesley reports that he "recited the tenor of the covenant proposed, in the words of that blessed man, Richard Alleine". The original words are lost, but are thought to be reflected in the "Directions for Renewing our Covenant with God" in 1780. This later text, known in modified form as the Wesley Covenant Prayer, remained in use—linked with Holy  Communion and observed on the first Sunday of the New Year—among British Methodists until 1936. The origins of the covenant prayer have been the subject of some scholarly discussion. While Wesley attributes its "tenor" to Alleine, influences of German Pietism have also been claimed. Modern usage. Services using the covenant prayer have been included in most Methodist books of liturgy since, though none was included in "The Sunday Service of the Methodists; With Other Occasional Services" book that Wesley published in 1784 for the use of his followers in America. Perhaps for this reason, while the Covenant service has  been an invariable part of the liturgy of the British Methodist Church and its daughter churches in the Commonwealth, its use is less widespread in American Methodist denominations: Referring to the United Methodist Church, Charles R. Hohenstein notes that "covenant services are seldom encountered these days", though theologian Leonard Sweet notes that certain Methodist connexions such as the Free Methodist Church and Pilgrim Holiness Church have maintained the tradition of covenant renewal services. Although Wesley's early covenant services were not held at any particular time of year, in British Methodism the custom soon developed of holding Covenant services near  the beginning of the New Year, nowadays often on the first Sunday of the year. This was perhaps under the influence of the Methodist tradition of holding watchnight services on New Year's Eve, which are done to welcome the coming year with the blessing of God rather than with "drunken revelry". In the 1920s, British Wesleyan Methodist minister George B. Robson expanded the form of the Covenant Service by replacing most of the exhortation with prayers of adoration, thanksgiving and confession. Robson's Covenant Service was revised and officially authorised for use in the "Book of Offices" (1936). Further  revisions, strengthening the link with Communion and intercession for the wider church and the world, appeared in the "Methodist Service Book" (1975) and "Methodist Worship Book" (1999). Although the form of the covenant prayer and service have been simplified, important elements of them are still retained from Wesley's "Directions". They include many of the words both of the bidding that traditionally precedes the prayer, and the prayer itself. The bidding traditionally includes phrasing such as: Music. In 2012, a new worship resource titled "Worship and Song" was published by Abingdon Press. "Worship and Song" is a collection of 190  songs from around the world, as well as prayers and other liturgical resources. It contains a musical version of Wesley's prayer; the music was composed by ministers Adam F. Seate and Jay D. Locklear. The Prayer. (as used in the "Book of Offices" of the British Methodist Church, 1936).