Phallus calongei
Phallus calongei is a species of stinkhorn mushroom. Found in Pakistan, it was described as new to science in 2009. Starting out as an "egg", the fully expanded fruit body consists of a single, thick, stipe with a cap attached to the apex and covered with olive-green, slimy spore-containing gleba. It is distinguished from other similar "Phallus" species by a combination of features, including a pinkish, reticulated (network-like) cap, and a stipe that is tapered at both ends. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown. Discovery, taxonomy and classification. "Phallus calongei" was discovered on June  16, 2008, near the Khanspur stream in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as the North Western Frontier Province) in Pakistan. It was described as new to science in a 2009 "Mycotaxon" publication. The specific epithet "calongei" honors Spanish mycologist Francisco D. Calonge who has written extensively on the Gasteromycetes, and who has himself published or co-published three "Phallus" species: "P. atrovolvatus" (Kreisel & Calonge), "P. maderensis" (Calonge) and "P. minusculus" (Kreisel & Calonge). "P. calongei" is one of four "Phallus" species known to exist in Pakistan, the others being "P. celebicus", "P. impudicus", and "P. rubicundus". According to the infrageneric classification scheme  proposed by German mycologist Hanns Kreisel in 1996, "Phallus calongei" belongs in the subgenus "Phallus", section "Flavophallus" of the genus "Phallus". Other species in this section include "P. flavocostatus", "P. tenuis", "P. formanosus", "P. calichrous", "P. multicolor", and "P. cinnabarinus". A number of features distinguish "P. calongei" from these, including: an undeveloped white volva, a stipe tapered at both ends, a deeply pitted and reticulate cap surface with pinkish ridges, and no indusium (a lacy "skirt" hanging from the cap, present in some "Phallus" species). Description. As a member of the genus "Phallus", the shape of "P. calongei" mushrooms assume  the general form of a phallus (an erect human penis) with a single elongated hollow stipe topped by a bulbous cap-like structure at the apex. The fruit bodies of "P. calongei" start out appearing similar to whitish "eggs", with a membranous exoperidium (outer tissue layer) and gelatinous, translucent endoperidium (inner tissue layer). The fully expanded fruit body consists of a single, thick, stalk with a ridged and pitted cap attached to the apex; the cap is covered with olive-green, slimy gleba. The fruit body can reach up to tall and thick. It is whitish and hollow, slightly tapered  at both ends, and has a wall that consists of layers of perforated chambers. At the apex of the stalk is the "cap", which can be up to high and thick. It is bell-shaped to conical-truncate with a pitted surface. As the gleba dissipates, the cap surface becomes strongly reticulated—forming a network of raised pinkish ridges. The tip of the cap is truncated, with a depressed and perforated surface. The gleba is olive-green, fetid, and deliquescent (melting away gradually). The spores are ellipsoid, smooth, and hyaline (translucent), measuring 3.5–4.5 by 1.5–2.0 µm. The exoperidium of the  egg remains at the base of the fruit body as a thin, membranous, undeveloped white volva. The edibility of the mushroom has not been determined. Similar species. The only other "Phallus" species known with a pinkish-colored cap is "P. rubicundus"; its conical cap has a surface that is wrinkled, not reticulate. Other similar species include "P. hadriani", which has a purple volva, "P. macrosporus", which has a reddish volva, and "P. formanosus", which has a pale pink stipe and volva. Habitat and distribution. All species of "Phallus" are known to be saprobic, feeding off dead and decaying organic matter . "P. calongei" is known only from the type locality in Pakistan, where it was found growing on the ground at above sea level.