Suffocation (band)
Suffocation is an American death metal band formed in 1988 in Centereach, New York, consisting of lead guitarist Terrance Hobbs, bassist Derek Boyer, rhythm guitarist Charlie Errigo, drummer Eric Morotti, and vocalist Ricky Myers. The band rose to prominence with the 1991 debut album "Effigy of the Forgotten", which became a blueprint for death metal in the 1990s. Since then, Suffocation has recorded a further seven albums. These feature growled vocals with downtuned guitars, fast and complex guitar riffs and drumming, open chord notes and occasional breakdowns. History. Early years and the 1990s era (1988–1998). Suffocation was formed  in 1988 on Long Island, New York, by vocalist Frank Mullen, guitarists Guy Marchais and Todd German, bassist Josh Barohn, and an unknown drummer. By 1990, the band had hired guitarists Terrance Hobbs and Doug Cerrito along with drummer Mike Smith, who were members of a local band called Mortuary, which had already disbanded. The quintet was mainly influenced by fellow American death metal bands as well as the British band Napalm Death and Brazilian Sepultura. Smith commented on meeting Hobbs for the first time: "That's where I first noticed, 'Wow, there's another black guy playing this kind  of stuff.'" They signed a contract with Relapse Records in 1990 alongside bands Incantation, and Deceased, becoming one of the first three bands to sign onto the newly founded label. The band's first EP, "Human Waste", was released through Relapse Records in 1991. The full-length debut album, "Effigy of the Forgotten", recorded by producer Scott Burns at Tampa's Morrisound Studios and released by Roadrunner Records the same year. In July 1991, Barohn was replaced by Chris Richards (ex Apparition/Sorrow), as the album became substantially influential in extreme metal music. After the following album, "Breeding the Spawn , was released in 1993, Smith left the band and was replaced by Doug Bohn. The 1995 release Pierced from Within", which received better production than the previous release, was followed by extensive tours in Europe, Canada, Mexico and the United States. In 1998, Suffocation released the EP "Despise the Sun" via Vulture Records and disbanded soon after. The EP was re-released later in 2000 and 2002 by Relapse Records. Reunion and later (2003–present). Mullen and Hobbs reformed in 2003 with Smith, Marchais, and Barohn. After which, they hired bassist Derek Boyer of the bands Deeds of Flesh and  Decrepit Birth to replace Barohn. In April 2004, Relapse Records released "Souls to Deny". After the band played more than 400 shows in the United States and Europe including the Wacken Festival in Germany, playing to over 33,000 fans, Suffocation released their self-titled album, "Suffocation", in 2006. In 2007, the band was featured in The History Channel's promotional video for "The Dark Ages" documentary, playing the song "Bind, Torture, Kill". In 2008, the band signed to the German Nuclear Blast Records and released their album "Blood Oath" in 2009. The album charted on the US "Billboard" 200 at  number 135. In 2009, Relapse released the live album entitled "Close of a Chapter—Live in Québec City", that was previously self-released by the band in 2005. The release of a documentary film "Legacy of Violence" was set for 2010, but has since been delayed. In May 2010, Suffocation toured with Napalm Death in South America and Mexico. In February 2012, Smith left the band again, to be replaced by the returning Dave Culross. In 2012, the band was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame and released "Pinnacle of Bedlam" in February 2013. Since after the  release of "Pinnacle of Bedlam" in 2013, vocalist Frank Mullen announced that he will retire from full-time touring with the band due to his new job. He has since been replaced by various live vocal stand ins, including Bill Robinson, John Gallagher, Kevin Muller, and, currently, Ricky Myers. In January 2015, Suffocation began making posts revealing that they were in the process of recording demos for a new album with a potential release date of late 2015. In April 2016, the ensemble toured with Soulfly, Abnormality, Battlecross and Lody Kong. The new album's name was revealed as "...Of  the Dark Light" and was released on June 9, 2017. Later in 2017, Kevin Muller, who had previously been a touring member, joined the band full-time alongside longtime vocalist Frank Mullen leading the two to share vocal duties on the last album. He subsequently stepped down at the end of the year and was replaced by a returning Myers in 2018. On March 12, 2018, it was announced that Frank Mullen would do one more tour with Suffocation before officially retiring from the band. On January 15, 2019 it was announced that Mullen would return in June 2019 for  a final tour of Japan. Musical style and legacy. Suffocation is one of the earliest groups to redefine the death metal style that is recognized today. The band uses "outrageously guttural vocals with a bottom-heavy guitar foundation, blistering speed, unparalleled brutality and sophisticated sense of songwriting, complex time changes and lead and rhythm guitar acrobatics" and occasional slam riffs and breakdowns. With their debut album, "Effigy of the Forgotten", Suffocation rose to prominence of death metal and created a blueprint for the genre for the 1990s, retaining their style after the reunion in 2003. "Decibel Magazine" stated: ""Effigy of  the Forgotten" was a benchmark for extreme music, as it sacrificed neither virtuosity or brutality, becoming a signpost for thousands who were still contemplating how to incorporate scalar runs, rapid-fire palm-muting and hummingbird-wing-quick picking into riffs, while opening up rhythmic dimensions and the scope of the blast beat." Blabbermouth.net described Suffocation as "American death metal's most consistent and punishing standard-bearers" and their style as "brutal death metal". According to AllMusic, Mullen is one of the best vocalists in death metal. "Decibel Magazine" stated: "One of Suffocation's trademarks, breakdowns, has spawned an entire metal  subgenre: deathcore." Suffocation is one of the pioneers of technical death metal. Members. Current Former Former live musicians Timeline Discography. Live albums. !| Title ! | Album details ! | Notes ! |"Close of a Chapter: Live in Québec City" ! |"Live in North America"