State House News Service
The State House News Service is an independent, privately owned news wire service that has been providing in-depth coverage of Massachusetts state government since 1894. It provides a continuous daily feed of news stories about state-government issues and events, supplemented by photos, audio and video. It is also the only news outlet with floor privileges in the Massachusetts House and Senate chambers, where SHNS reporters cover every session from desks near the rostrums. The SHNS is a subscription-only, paywalled service with limited advertising. Clients include media outlets, government agencies, lobbyists and lobbying firms , political campaigns, advocacy organizations and non-profits, and corporations. The Service produces news stories, daily schedules of state house events, gavel-to-gavel coverage of the House and Senate, and weekly summaries of the week's top stories and of the events and issues likely to be making news in the weeks ahead. Its office is in Room 458 of the Massachusetts State House. History. The SHNS was founded in 1894 by Charles E. Mann of Lynn, Massachusetts, a self-educated reporter who began covering the State House beat in 1889 for the Boston Advertiser and Boston Record. It was  not unheard of for reporters to cover the beat for more than one paper, nor to form their own small news services. Then as now, Mann's bureau afforded out-of-town papers the opportunity to print firsthand accounts of legislative business and track issues of importance to their communities. Mann added papers and reporters over time, and also worked part-time for state government itself, as a clerk on a special commission redrafting the state's statutes. In 1903, he took a full-time job with the government, as clerk of the state Railroad Commission which later became the  Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities, and turned the business over to Charles H. Copeland. Copeland's family made headlines in 1912 when his brother-in-law, famous novelist Jacques Futrelle died aboard the RMS Titanic. The Service has operated continuously since its founding, passing through a succession of six owners to the present day, with the basic product remaining constant: daily news copy covering state government affairs. Early Leadership. Copeland died in 1913 and his wife Elberta inherited the business. The Copelands had made news themselves, across the east coast, with their high-profile elopement in 1893. As manager/owner , Elberta spent the first seven years of her career disenfranchised from the government she covered daily; women did not receive the right to vote in Massachusetts until 1920. In time, she took a more passive role in actual news coverage, hiring a succession of editors and at the end of her long career "she just sat in the corner, proud to own the News Service," her great-grandnephew recalled. Copeland received a formal expression of concern in 1943 from Gov. Leverett Saltonstall about a serious accident, the nature of which was not specified. In 1947, she formally turned over ownership  of the New Service to Paul Ryan, her longtime reporter and editor. Ryan became a legend in the political and journalistic life of the State House, holding court at his corner desk as politicians and would-be influencers came and went to share news tips and gossip about the issues of the day. He served as editor from 1942 until 1947, and owner/editor until 1979 when ill health forced his retirement. Under Ryan, the News Service continued its non-sensational approach to coverage, though the reporters it employed had their quirks. Veteran Boston political reporter Peter Lucas remembered that  Ryan tended to hire "unemployed reporters who were down and out with temporary jobs" in addition to the regular line reporters. Ryan was in competition with the New England News Service, a similar wire service with a stronger emphasis on feature stories, established in the late 1930s by Arthur Woodman. Woodman's daughter Helen worked for her father's service, beginning her career after graduating from the University of New Hampshire in 1964. In 1978, with his health declining, Ryan asked Woodman to take over the News Service and she accepted. But immediately upon assuming the editorship, Woodman faced a  crisis. Dual-Employment Controversy. It was common in the early years of the 20th century for reporters to work side jobs doing research and writing news releases for government agencies and legislative commissions, and News Service reporters did lots of this sort of work into well into the 1970s. The appearance of State House reporters on the payrolls of government organizations made headlines from time to time from mid-century onward, and in 1978, just as Ryan's health was seriously declining, rival wire-service Associated Press published a story revealing that Ryan himself held contracts to do government work . Encouraged by the News Service's competitors to cancel their subscriptions, a number of subscribers did just that, and Woodman had to deal with a crisis of both finances and reputation. But throughout the 1980s, she and her staff slowly won the departed subscribers back, and she made sure the wall between the News Service and the state payroll stayed up for good. Former SHNS reporter Lisa Capone, in a memorial interview after Woodman's death, said her former boss "ushered us through the initiation of what journalism really was." Woodman earned a legendary status at the State House in  her own right, training generations of reporters who went on to top positions in journalism, government and public affairs in Massachusetts. "There was nothing Helen didn't know about in the Massachusetts governing process," according to a 2017 WBUR-FM remembrance of Woodman's life. "She spoke 'State House' fluently. News outlets, lobbyists and trade organizations relied on her reporters — the Kids — who would type their articles on carbon paper and stuff them into cubbyhole mailboxes for clients to use in their own publications." Current Ownership. By 1996, Woodman felt she had run the News Service long enough and wished  to retire, but wanted to turn the business over to someone who would uphold its integrity and news ethos. She found that person in Craig Sandler, who'd worked for Woodman from 1988-1991. Sandler had gone on to work as state government reporter for the TAB Newspapers, a chain of free weeklies in the Metrowest suburbs of Boston. The TABs were known for an unusually high quality level of coverage for free shoppers, with robust arts coverage and elements like the presence of a full-time report reporter at the State House. The chain was founded and run by  Russel Pergament and Stephen Cummings. After the TAB, Sandler worked for The Sun of Lowell, and while he was there, Woodman told him of her interest in selling. Sandler reached out to Pergament and Cummings, and the trio acquired the News Service on Aug. 5, 1996. They have owned it ever since. Just as Elberta Copeland had selected Daniel O'Connor and others to serve as editor after doing the job for several years herself, in 1998, Sandler hired Michael P. Norton, who trained alongside Sandler under Helen Woodman, for the editor's job. Only Paul Ryan has held the editor 's job longer. Location, Distribution and Technology. The News Service has always had offices on the fourth floor of the Massachusetts State House. The first location information, from 1906, puts the service in Room 449, farther toward the back of the building than the current room, 458. In 1947, when Thomas "Tip" O'Neill became the first Massachusetts House minority leader assigned an office, he took over 449, and the News Service was assigned Room 458, where it's been ever since. In the beginning, copy was written out in longhand or typewritten, and early recollections of the service include reference  to the mimeographing of copy - a cheap, fast, reliable method that was available from the founding of SHNS. The "flimsies," or copies, were picked up by hand by subscribers in the building, and also rushed by messenger boys down to the newsrooms on Newspaper Row in Boston - near modern-day Downtown Crossing. The mimeograph remained in use until the end of 1993. Paper copies were placed in boxes at the front of Room 458 from the time it moved well into the era of email. The full spectrum of players in state government would visit Room 458, to pick up  the latest news and press releases. By 1997, it was clear the service needed a digital presence, and its new owners established the email servers, Web site and back-end content preparation system necessary to get the copy out to subscribers over the Internet. The coming of digital also made possible the transmission of photos for the first time in service history, and they became a standard feature at the end of the '90s. Audio and video followed. The digital archives of the service run back to 1986, and paper archives run back to the 1970s. Reach and Impact. Pergament  and Cummings were experienced salespeople, and they expanded the subscriber base considerably. At the same time, the Internet was proving a bane to traditional journalism, but a boon to the News Service. The business model of ad-based news outlets deteriorated alarmingly after 1999, with advertisers preferring the customizable intimacy and market intelligence available on platforms like Facebook and Google, and that led to staffing reductions industry-wide that have continued to this day. State House bureaus were downsized, then eliminated, by most Massachusetts regional newspapers. Consolidation of newspaper holding groups became the norm, followed by acquisition of these groups  by finance-focused hedge and venture funds who prime focus was on the robustness of investor return more than the vitality of civic life or ensuring a well-informed citizenry. Denuded of government reporters, the news outlets increasingly relied on News Service copy for State House coverage that once had been provided by staff members. "The State House News Service is one news operation that has benefited from news cutbacks," according to a 2011 CommonWealth Magazine story. "It used to be a backstop for most news organizations, essentially a transcription service keeping track of hearings, press conferences, and legislative sessions . But as the reporting ranks dwindled on Beacon Hill, the News Service has become a major supplier of State House stories to newspapers and media outlets across the state." SHNS articles, photos, and audio-visual content are utilized by both daily newspapers and all major broadcast stations in Boston. While hard statistics are difficult to gather authoritatively, it is likely that more people read News Service copy today statewide than at any time in the Service's 125-plus years of existence. News Service Florida. By the mid 2000s, the new digital paywall model for the News Service had been  validated, and Sandler began visiting other state capitols to see if the model could be replicated. Florida had the lucrative market, thriving government-affairs sector and complicated politics that would support a large enough staff and infrastructure to run a full-fledged capitol bureau, so Sandler selected Tallahassee. The business model, operating structure, product offering and customer base are very similar to those of the State House News Service. Role in the Massachusetts State House. The News Service serves most immediately as a "cheat sheet" for reporters assigned to the State House itself, to fill them in on stories they  can't cover directly because they are working on other stories or assignments. This "cheat sheet" function has diminished in importance as the number of State House reporters, and the ranks of journalists assigned to cover government, has diminished significantly in recent years. At the same time, this phenomenon has increased the value of the Service in newsrooms across Massachusetts (and Florida, in the case of NSF). News organizations use SHNS stories in place of pieces that once would have been written by State House reporters (Capitol reporters in Florida). The News Service operates as a wire service of record  for the building as the only outlet granted floor privileges in the House and Senate chambers, in contrast to other news organizations that report from the galleries. The SHNS floor desks are located near the rostrums of both chambers. In 1970, a short item in the Boston Herald described SHNS reporter Fred Day being "hit by flying pieces of a gavel thumped vigorously by House Speaker Bartley, whose stand is fully 10 feet away" -- for the second time in 10 days. Beyond the journalism community, the News Service serves as a de facto news source of record for the wider  state-government community - the legislators, legislative staffers, agency employees, political organizations and industry groups, and the like.