Cold Turkey (1971 film)
Cold Turkey is a 1971 satirical comedy film. It stars Dick Van Dyke plus a long list of comedic actors. The film was directed, co-produced and co-written by Norman Lear and is based on the unpublished novel "I'm Giving Them Up for Good" by Margaret and Neil Rau. The film was made in 1969, but was shelved for two years by the distributor due to concerns about its box-office potential. Plot. As part of a public relations and marketing strategy to compare the empathy of Big Tobacco to the nobility of the  Nobel Peace Prize, advertising executive Merwin Wren (Newhart) convinces the Valiant Tobacco Company to propose a challenge: a tax-free check for $25,000,000 ($ million today) to any city or town in America that can stop smoking, going cold turkey, for thirty days. According to Wren, the offer will generate Valiant worldwide free publicity and praise as a humanitarian gesture, but no town in America would ever be able to claim the prize, with cigarette smoking being too addictive to stop. The Reverend Clayton Brooks (Van Dyke), a kindly but fearsome minister of the Eagle Rock Community Church, takes  up the challenge as a spiritual call. He urges the economically depressed (fictional) community of Eagle Rock, Iowa, population 4,006, to go for the prize. The town council has been trying to woo back the military ever since it closed a base a few years earlier, hoping its return would help the local cash flow. Families have been moving out almost on a monthly basis and the town center is almost deserted. Reverend Brooks recruits every smoker in the town to sign up. Needled for being a former smoker, he begins smoking again to find solidarity with his "flock." As  the deadline to start the thirty-day clock approaches, only a very few of the town's residents haven't signed the no smoking pledge. One of them is alcoholic Edgar Stopworth, whom Reverend Brooks decides to pay a house call on, to convince him to take the pledge. But Edgar knows himself pretty well and in desperation tells the Reverend "My drinking is directly connected to my smoking. The booze bone's connected to the smoke bone." The Reverend looks defeated but comes up with the idea of Edgar leaving town for a thirty-day vacation, which Edgar immediately  departs on. Problem solved. At midnight, the challenge begins. For the next thirty days, no smoking is permitted, with Eagle Rock being the only city in America that got all of its smokers to pledge. Once the no smoking ban begins, Reverend Brooks gets extremely frustrated with not being able to smoke. His only relief is having frequent sex with his wife Natalie. At one point she barely gets finished making the bed and straightening up from the preceding episode before the Reverend is back home again for more. The tobacco company sends Merwin to report the progress of the  townspeople's commitment. The company needs just one person to fail. Among the weakest: the elderly Doctor Proctor, who must always have a cigarette before surgery, and the anxiety-ridden wife of the mayor, Mrs. Wappler, who counts the small gherkin pickles she eats as the hours pass. However, a group of 29 non-smoking residents, all members of the ultra-conservative Christopher Mott Society (based on the John Birch Society) have been asked by Brooks to police all traffic entering Eagle Rock to ensure no tobacco products enter. Eventually, the attention of the nation's leading newscasters at the  time (all played by the comedy duo Bob and Ray), turns the small community's efforts into a matter of highly publicized failure or success. Soon the community is invaded by buxom "massage therapists," beer vendors, souvenir shops and more. Rev. Brooks appears on a "Time" magazine cover, which leads him to another epiphany: if he can save the town, he will be a hero. Merwin is told by Valiant's board members to undermine the town's efforts at all costs, doing whatever he must to get someone to smoke before the thirty days are up, which includes speeding  up the large clock in the town center prior to the end of the 30 day deadline, in the hopes that people will be tricked into starting to smoke again before they are allowed to. With a few minutes left to midnight, Merwin pulls out all the stops to make sure that someone smokes. He fixes it so that the town clock chimes midnight before it is midnight and has helicopters dropping cigarettes into the anxious crowd. Dr. Proctor frantically and desperately leaps into the crowd trying to smoke a cigarette. Reverend Brooks goes into the crowd to find and  stop him while Merwin has a cigarette lighter, shaped like a gun, trying to get to Dr. Proctor. It just so happens that Odie Turman, an elderly conservative lady, has a real gun and is lurking about in the crowd and a drunken Edgar Stopworth has just arrived in time for the midnight deadline. When Merwin, Reverend Brooks and Odie meet, they accidentally drop their lighter/guns on the ground. Merwin picks up what he think is the lighter and ends up shooting Dr. Proctor. Then Edgar walks up to Merwin, taking the gun way from him and mistakenly shoots  Merwin. Then Odie finally comes over, grabs the gun and shoots Reverend Brooks. Ultimately Eagle Rock succeeds and wins the $25 million prize. To cash in on the publicity, The president of the United States (as seen from the side and back, then-President Richard M. Nixon) arrives in a motorcade and makes an announcement that Eagle Rock will be the home of the new missile plant. As the film ends, it shows the huge smokestacks of the new plant spewing columns of black smoke into the air around Eagle Rock. The only profanity used in its entirety in  the film was by Judith Lowry, whose character often referred to "a bullshit." The president of the Valiant Tobacco Company was bleeped when he told David Chetley twice to "leave me the f(bleep)k alone." Filming locations. Most of the film, which is set in the fictional small town of "Eagle Rock, Iowa", was shot in and around Greenfield, Iowa, and many local people were used as extras. Some neighborhood scenes were shot in Winterset, Iowa. The Methodist church in Orient, Iowa, and the bank in Macksburg, Iowa, were used as well. The Grayson Mansion scenes were filmed at Terrace Hill , official residence of the governor of Iowa, located in Des Moines. The kitchen scenes with Jean Stapleton and Vincent Gardenia and several other exteriors were shot in Marshalltown, Iowa. Some were also shot in the town of Columbia in south central Kentucky. Soundtrack. "Cold Turkey" features original music by Randy Newman, including "He Gives Us All His Love", a ballad with a gospel influence that serves as the film's theme song. This was Newman's first film soundtrack. In 2007 the Percepto Records label issued a limited-edition soundtrack CD for the film. Release. The film had its premiere  on January 30, 1971, at the Galaxy Theatre in Des Moines, Iowa; opening to the public in 30 theaters in Iowa on February 3, 1971. Home media. In 1993 "Cold Turkey" was released on VHS and LaserDisc, in the pan-and-scan format. In 2010, the film was released on DVD through Amazon.com with manufacturing on demand. Reception. Box office. In its first five days in 30 theatres in 7 towns, the film grossed $131,616. The film went on to earn $5.5 million in theatrical rentals in the United States and Canada. Arthur Krim of United Artists later  did an assessment of the film as part of an evaluation of the company's inventory: An old commitment to Dick Van Dyke, and what seemed to be a good idea for the American market, became an overpriced film with a has-been personality by the time of release. Albeit funny, the picture is way overpriced for its value, which is strictly for the American market – mainly for mid America. The producer and director went over a million dollars over budget on the film to deliver a minor American comedy with no overseas value. This film would be programmed today  only if it could be made at one-half the cost. Critical reception. Vincent Canby of "The New York Times" wrote that "it is, within its limitations, a very engaging, very funny movie." "Variety" called it "an often-hilarious, partly-muffed contemporary comedy" marred by "sluggish pacing" and a climax called "bizarre: Lear seems to have written himself into a corner, with no way out except to shift abruptly from human comedy to stylistic nonsense." Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave it four stars and praised several aspects of the production before concluding "Even if you don't  smoke, you'll find "Cold Turkey" funny." Gene Siskel of the "Chicago Tribune" gave it two-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it "a fine and funny idea for a short film," but "scene after scene runs too long. Too many gags are repeated too often." Charles Champlin of the "Los Angeles Times" called it "an enterprising, very amusing, very contemporary social commentary." Gary Arnold of "The Washington Post" wrote "A shallow, self-deluding sort of comedy, it fails to make sense out of its own premise and characters and then tries to cover up by getting cynical  about everything-in-general. It's as if Lear had been inspired to imitate Billy Wilder at his worst."