Bradybaeninae
Bradybaeninae is a taxonomic subfamily of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae, superfamily Helicoidea. These snails are found mainly in Asia, with only one species occurring in Northwestern Europe: "Fruticicola fruticum". The name of the subfamily and the genus "Bradybaena" is derived from the Greek words "bradus" (= slow) and "baino" (= walk), meaning "slow walker". Molecular phylogenetic studies from 2007 showed that bradybaenids are closely related with the Camaenidae, which are currently recognized as a distinct family. In these studies both Bradybaenidae and Camaenidae are mutually polyphyletic, together forming a  monophyletic group, however. This finding suggests that the distinction of both families as based essentially on the absence (Camaenidae) or presence (Bradybaenidae) of a diverticulum, is arbitrary. This anatomical structure was apparently lost (or was gained) in several groups in convergence and is therefore not suitable for the delimitation of natural groups. Anatomy. Some genera of snails in this family create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior. The dart sac contains one to two glands. They are also defined by missing a diverticulum. In this subfamily, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30  (according to the values in this table). Taxonomy. The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005): The new taxonomy of the gastropods, published in 2017 and accepted by WoRMS, includes these subfamilies within the family Camaenidae: Genera. Genera within the subfamily Bradybaeninae include: subfamily Bradybaeninae - they are defined by the presence of two divided glands with one to two accessory sacs. tribe Aegistini tribe Bradybaenini tribe Euhadrini subfamily Helicostylinae - they are defined by the presence of one gland that is being inserted without accessory sac ("Tricheulota group") or with accessory sac ("Helicostyla group"). The genus  Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895 used to be placed in this family, but it has been moved to the family Xanthonychidae.