Banksia ionthocarpa
Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end. Description. "Banksis ionthocarpa" is a shrub that has short, hairy, prostrate, more or less underground stems and typically grows to a height of . The leaves are pinnatifid, long and wide on a petiole long. There are between fifteen and thirty-five triangular lobes on each side of  the leaves. The flowers are arranged in a head, surrounded by leaves, at the end of the stem. The involucral bracts are linear to lance-shaped, up to long at the base of the head. The flowers have a pinkish mauve and yellow perianth long and a strongly curved, cream-coloured pistil mostly long. Flowering occurs from September to April and the follicles are egg-shaped, long with a distinctive tuft of rust-coloured hairs on the end. Taxonomy. This species was discovered in 1987 by professional seed supplier Peter Luscombe. The following year specimens were collected by both Margaret  Pieroni and Alex George. For the next eight years, the species was referred to by the manuscript name "Dryandra" sp. Kamballup (M.Pieroni 20/9/1988). In 1996, Alex George formally published the species as "Dryandra ionthocarpa", the specific epithet coming from the Greek "ionthas" ("shaggy") and "carpos" ("fruit"), in reference to the tuft of hair on each follicle. George considered the fruit to be so distinctive that he placed it alone in a new series that he named "Dryandra" ser. "Ionthocarpae". Since 1998, Austin Mast had been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His  analyses have provided evidence of the paraphyly of "Banksia" with respect to "Dryandra", suggesting that "Dryandra" arose from within the ranks of "Banksia". Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele initiated a rearrangement of "Banksia" by sinking "Dryandra" into it as "B." ser. "Dryandra"; "Dryandra ionthocarpa" thus became "Banksia ionthocarpa". This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of "Dryandra"; thus "D." ser. "Ionthocarpae" is no longer current. In 2005, George described the subspecies "D. ionthocarpa" subsp. "ionthocarpa" and "chrysophoenix" in the journal "Nuytsia". In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all the dryandras to the  genus "Banksia" and this species became "Banksia ionthocarpa". In the same year, Mast and Thiele transferred the two subspecies to "Banksia" and the changes have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census: Distribution and habitat. Subspecies "chrysophoenix" grows in kwongan and is only known from near Kamballup, north-east of the Porongurup National Park. Subspecies "ionthocarpa" usually also grows in kwongan and is known from three populations near Brookton. Conservation status. Both subspecies of "B. ionthocarpa" have been classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia).