Bréguet 1050 Alizé
The Bréguet Br.1050 Alizé (French: "Tradewind") is a French carrier-based anti-submarine warfare aircraft. It was developed in the 1950s, based loosely on the second prototype Bréguet Vultur attack aircraft which had been modified into the Bréguet Br.965 Épaulard anti-submarine warfare aircraft. Design. The "Alizé" was a low-wing monoplane of conventional configuration powered by a single Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engine. It had a CSF radar system with a retractable antenna dome in its belly. The cockpit accommodated a crew of three, including pilot, radar operator, and sensor operator. The pilot was seated in  front on the left, the navigator in front on the right, and the sensor operator sat sideways behind them. The landing gear was of tricycle configuration, with the main gear retracting backwards into nacelles in the wings. The main gear had dual wheels, and the front part of the nacelles accommodated sonobuoys. The "Alizé" had a yoke-style arresting hook. The internal weapons bay could accommodate a homing torpedo or depth charges, and underwing stores pylons could carry bombs, depth charges, rockets, or missiles. Typical underwing stores included 68 mm (2.68 in) rocket pods or AS.12 wire-guided antiship missiles . Operational history. The prototype Alizé first flew on 6 October 1956. It was exhibited at the Paris Air Show at Paris Le Bourget Airport in May 1957. A total of 89 examples of the "Alizé" were built between 1957 and 1962, including two preproduction prototypes. 75 production aircraft were acquired by the "Aéronavale", with initial service delivery in March 1959. The "Alizé" went into operation on the carriers "Arromanches", "Clémenceau" and "Foch", and were also used in shore-based training. 12 were acquired by the Indian Navy. Some sources say that there were five preproduction prototypes, which may mean some  of the prototypes were brought up to production standard and passed on to the "Aéronavale"; and that India acquired 17 examples, which hints that they bought five used aircraft from the "Aéronavale". The Indian Navy operated the "Alizé" from shore bases and from the light carrier . The "Alizé" was used for reconnaissance and patrol during India's 1961 liberation of Portuguese controlled Goa, and was also used for ASW patrol during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, during which one "Alizé" was shot down by a Pakistan Air Force F-104 Starfighter. It also sank three gunboats. The "Alizé" dwindled in  numbers in the Indian Navy during the 1980s, was relegated to shore-based patrol in 1987. Nevertheless, they were employed that year in support of the Indian Peacekeeping Force's Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka, flying sorties against the LTTE and crippling the merchant ship "Progress Light". The type was finally phased out in 1991, replaced in its duties by ASW helicopters. The "Aéronavale" provided the "Alizé" with a series of upgrades. A modernization program performed in the early 1980s refitted 28 of the aircraft to the Br.1050M standard, featuring improved Thomson-CSF "Iguane" radar as used on the  Atlantique NG ocean-patrol aircraft, new OMEGA radio navigation gear, and a new ARAR 12 radar and radio location ("electronic support measures / ESM") system. Another upgrade program in the early 1990s fitted 24 of these aircraft with a new decoy system; a microcomputer-based data processing system; a datalink system; and other new avionics. Later in the decade, they were also fitted with the Thomson-CSF TTD Optronique Chlio forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imaging sensor. Despite the upgrades, by this time the "Alizé" was clearly not capable of hunting modern nuclear submarines, and so it was relegated to ocean surface  patrol. As late as 1997, the "Aéronavale" was still operating 24 examples for surface patrol. The "Alizé" was used operationally during the NATO air campaign against Yugoslavia over Kosovo in early 1999, with the aircraft flying off the carrier "Foch". The last "Alizé" was withdrawn from service in 2000 with the retirement of the "Foch".