Cittadella
Cittadella is a medieval walled city in the province of Padua, northern Italy, founded in the 13th century as a military outpost of Padua. The surrounding wall has been restored and is in circumference with a diameter of around . There are four gates which roughly correspond the points of the compass. The local football club is A.S. Cittadella. Main sights. The town was founded in 1220 by the Paduans to counterbalance the fortification of Castelfranco Veneto, to the E., in 1218 by the Trevisans. This was a time of war between the communes. It was built in successive stages  in a polygonal shape on orthogonal axes through the construction of 32 large and small towers, with the formation of a protective moat and with four drawbridges next to the four entrance gates. Its walls, tall, were built with the "box masonry": two parallel walls filled with a sturdy core of stones and hot slaked lime totaling a thickness of about . The walls today are all intact except for a stretch destroyed in the 16th century during the Cambrai war, and the skilled detail of the construction are still easily visible. It has as many as seven different construction techniques  characterized by the alteration of courses in brick and those in river rocks mixed with brick can be recognized. Among the elements of interest, the "Rocca di Porta Bassano" still retains the defense apparatus of the keep and entrance gates. The "Casa del Capitano" (Captain's House) is found inside the Rocca (Fortress). Restoration has uncovered frescoes dating to the period of the Carraresi, Malatesta, Sanseverino and Borromeo families. They hand down an out-and-out historical account of the events that occurred between 1260 and 1600, almost replacing written documents. To provide a better defense, the city walls originally  could be traveled over on various levels through communication trenches, partly made of stone though many other stretches were made of wood or were made along the embankments that ran along the entire wall. The restoration of the merlons has been required, since they are a part most highly deteriorated by the wear and tear of time. Other goals in restoration has been the safekeeping and restoration of the patrol communications trench that winds along the walls at a height of . In addition, several new points of ascent to the walls have been established, via erection of stairs on the  breach, as well as the construction of a stairway and glass lift inside the Porta Vicenza Tower, and stairs, the wooden gangway and the glazed entrance roof in the Torresino Church, plus the building of the connection between the Captain's House and the Porta Bassano Tower. Today the patrol communications trench has been restored and the entire circuit is walkable. Complete restoration of Cittadella's fortified system will be completed over the next few years with a final restoration of the walls of the northeastern and southeasters sectors and with the conclusion of the works being carried out on  the gates and towers. Another town still preserving its walls in the region is Montagnana, Italy. References. <BR>