Wadōkai
History. In 1938 Hironori Ohtsuka registered his mixed style of karate-jujutsu with the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, originally under the name of "Shinshu Wadoryu Karate-Jujutsu", soon shortened to "Wado-ryu" (和道流). A Wadoryu Honbu (headquarters) was established in the Meiji University dojo in Tokyo, Japan in 1952. The Shintani Wado Kai Karate Federation of North America officially joined Otsuka's federation in 1958. In 1964 the Japan Karatedo Federation (JKF) was established as a general organization for all karate styles. Wado joined this organization as a major group. The Wado organization changed the name to "Wadokai" on  5 June 1967. On 15 November 1979 Hironori Otsuka promoted Masaru Shintani to 8th dan, and presented him with a 9th dan certificate at the same time and appointed Shintani Sensei the Supreme Instructor of Wado Karate in North America. Wadokai remained relatively intact as an organisation until around 1980, when a split occurred. The split occurred because the Wadokai board of directors and Hironori Ohtsuka had a difference in opinion about monetary expenditures and accessibility to the funds of the organization. Ohtsuka felt it was within his rights to have full use of the Federation funds and one day  made a withdrawal that drew the ire of the board of directors. This matter was settled out of court and the terms of the settlement allowed him to keep the money but he had to resign from Wadokai and he also lost all rights to the name and logo of the organization. Eiichi Eriguchi succeeded him within Wadokai at that time and again became chairman during the 1990s. Hironori Ohtsuka then founded Wadoryu Karatedo Renmei ("Renmei" means 'group' or 'federation') on 1 April 1981. After only a few months Hironori Ohtsuka retired as head of this organization and his son  Jiro Ohtsuka took his place. Hironori Ohtsuka died 29 January 1982 at the age of 89. In 1983 Jiro Ohtsuka became Grandmaster of Wado Ryu and changed his name to Hironori Ohtsuka, in honor of his father. He is now often referred to as Hironori Ohtsuka II. Tatsuo Suzuki founded his own organization in 1991, the third major Wado organization: Wado Kokusai. "Kokusai" means 'international.' Organization's name. According to Ishizuka Akira, a veteran figure in the Japanese karate world, the term "Wado Kai" was in general use as early as the 1940s, but it was only in 1967 that  the name was adopted formally. Prior to this the group was known as the "Zen Nihon Karate-do Renmei". With the formation of the Federation of All Japan Karatedo Organization (FAJKO, later changed to JKF) in the mid 60's, it was no longer correct to use this name so "Wadokai" came into formal use. The term "Wadokai" can be broken into three parts: Wa, do and kai. Wa can be read to mean 'harmony' but also as "original Japan", allowing a pun in the name. Do is a Japanese term for 'way' (as in "karate-do"). So "Wado" means  'the way of (Japanese) harmony'. Kai simply means 'association'. Different Wado names. The full name of the Japanese Wadokai federation in English is "Japan Karatedo Federation Wadokai". In Japanese it is "Zen Nihon Karatedo Renmei Wadokai". Nowadays the full name of Wadoryu is "Wadoryu Karatedo Renmei". The full name of Wado Kokusai is "Wado Kokusai Karatedo Renmei", also known as "Wado International Karatedo Federation" abbreviated as WIKF. Strictly speaking Hironori Ohtsuka founded and developed "Wado Ryu". The people who trained with him became the Wado group or "Wadokai". So today, the style that is trained within Wadokai is Wado Ryu . The Wadoryu Renmei people (Jiro Ohtsuka's group) sometimes referred their style as "Wadoryu Jujutsu Kenpo" to assert their emphasis in the Jujutsu roots of Wado. Currently Wadokai and Wadoryu have spread to several other countries under the governing bodies in Japan. Several dojos have transitioned between the two associations with slight variations in the styles.