---
tags:
- hate-speech
- counterspeech
- irt
- arxiv:2009.10277
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
languages:
- en-US
licenses: []
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: measuring-hate-speech
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- text-classification
- text-regression
task_ids:
- hate-speech
- counterspeech
- sentiment-classification
---

# Measuring Hate Speech

This is a public release of the dataset described in Kennedy et al. (2020). The dataset contains one row for each comment that an annotator reviews; each comment is rated multiple times. The primary outcome variable is the "hate speech score" but the 10 constituent labels can also be treated as outcomes.

## Key dataset columns

 * hate\_speech\_score - continuous hate speech measure, where higher = more hateful and lower = less hateful
 * text - lightly processed text of a social media post
 * comment\_id - unique ID for each comment
 * annotator\_id - unique ID for each annotator
 * sentiment - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * respect - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * insult - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * humiliate - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * status - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * dehumanize - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * violence - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * genocide - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * attack\_defend - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * hatespeech - ordinal label that is combined into the continuous score
 * annotator_severity - annotator's estimated survey interpretation bias


## Citation

```
@article{kennedy2020constructing,
  title={Constructing interval variables via faceted Rasch measurement and multitask deep learning: a hate speech application},
  author={Kennedy, Chris J and Bacon, Geoff and Sahn, Alexander and von Vacano, Claudia},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.10277},
  year={2020}
}
```

## References

Kennedy, C. J., Bacon, G., Sahn, A., & von Vacano, C. (2020). [Constructing interval variables via faceted Rasch measurement and multitask deep learning: a hate speech application](https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.10277). arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.10277.