JEL sınıflandırma kodları

Ekonomi alanındaki başlıklar Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) denilen bir makale sınıflandırma sistemiyle sınıflandırılırlar.
On dokuz ana kategori bulunmaktadır ve her biri alt kategorilerine ayrılmıştır.
Başlıca kodlar şunlardır:
JEL: A - Genel ekonomi and Çalışmalar
JEL: B - İktisadi Düşünce Okulları ve
Metodoloji
JEL: C - Matematiksel ve kantitatif metotlar
JEL: D - Mikroekonomi
JEL: E - Makroekonomi ve Monetarizm
JEL: F - Uluslararası ekonomi
JEL: G - Finansal ekonomi
JEL: H - Kamu ekonomisi
JEL: I - Sağlık, Eğitim, and Refah ekonomisi
JEL: J - Çalışma
JEL: K - Hukuk ve ekonomi
JEL: L - Endüstriyel organizasyon
JEL: M - İşletme Yönetimi and İşletme Ekonomisi; Pazarlama; Muhasebe
JEL: N - Ekonomi tarihi
JEL: O - İktisadi Kalkınma, Teknolojik Değişim ve Büyüme
JEL: P - Ekonomik sistemler
JEL: Q - Tarım Ekonomisi, Doğal Kaynak Ekonomisi, Çevresel Ekonomi ve Ekolojik Ekonomi
JEL: R - Kent, Kırsal, ve Bölgesel
JEL: Y - Çeşitli kategoriler
JEL: Z - Diğer özel başlıklar
Genel ekonomi ve çalışmalar JEL: A Alt kategoriler
:Kategori:Genel ekonomi
JEL: A1 - Genel ekonomi
JEL: A10 - Genel
JEL: A11 - Ekonominin rolü, Ekonomistlerin rolü, Economistler için piyasa
JEL: A12 - Ekonominin Diğer Disiplinlerle İlişkisi
JEL: A13 - Sosyal değerlerle ekonominin ilişkisi
JEL: A14 - Sociology of Economics
JEL: A19 - Diğer
JEL: A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics
JEL: A20 - Genel
JEL: A21 - Pre-college
JEL: A22 - Undergraduate
JEL: A23 - Graduate
JEL: A29 - Diğer
JEL: A3 - Multisubject Collective Works
JEL: A30 - Genel
JEL: A31 - Multisubject Collected Writings of Individuals
JEL: A32 - Multisubject Volumes
JEL: A39 - Diğer
Ekonomik düşünce okulları ve metodoloji JEL: B Alt kategoriler
:Kategori:Schools of economic thought and methodology
JEL: B0 - Genel
JEL: B00 - Genel
JEL: B1 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi through 1925
JEL: B10 - Genel
JEL: B11 - Klasik öncesi
JEL: B12 - Klasik
JEL: B13 - Yeni Klasik düşünce 1925
JEL: B14 - Socialist; Marksist
JEL: B15 - Historical; Institutional
JEL: B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
JEL: B19 - Diğer
JEL: B2 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi 1925'ten beri
JEL: B20 - Genel
JEL: B21 - Mikroekonomi
JEL: B22 - Makroekonomi
JEL: B23 - Ekonomik düşünce tarihi, Ekonometri, Kantitif & Matematiksel çalışmalar
JEL: B24 - Sosyalizm; Marxist; Sraffian
JEL: B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
JEL: B29 - Diğer
JEL: B3 - Düşünce tarihi: Kişiler
JEL: B30 - Genel
JEL: B31 - Kişiler
JEL: B32 - Obituaries
JEL: B4 - Ekonomik Metodloji
JEL: B40 - Genel
JEL: B41 - Ekonomik metodoloji
JEL: B49 - Diğer
JEL: B5 - Mevcut Heterodoks yaklaşımlar
JEL: B50 - Genel
JEL: B51 - Sosyalist, Marksist, Sraffian
JEL: B52 - Kurumsal Ekonomi; Evrimci Ekonomi
JEL: B53 - Avusturya
JEL: B54 - Feminist Ekonomi
JEL: B59 - Diğer
Matematiksel ve Kantitatif metotlar JEL: C Alt kategoriler
:Kategori:Matematiksel ve kantitatif metotlar (ekonomi)
JEL: C0 - Genel
JEL: C00 - Genel
JEL: C01 - Ekonometri
JEL: C02 - Matematiksel metotlar
JEL: C1 - Ekonometri ve İstatistiksel metotlar: Genel
JEL: C10 - Genel
JEL: C11 - Bayesian analiz
JEL: C12 - Hipotez testleri
JEL: C13 - Tahmin Teorisi
JEL: C14 - Yarı parametrik and Nonparametrik metotlar
JEL: C15 - İstatistiksel Simulasyon metotları
JEL: C16 - İstatistiksel dağılımlar
JEL: C16 - Özel dağılımlar
JEL: C19 - Diğer
JEL: C2 - Econometric methods: Single equation models;Single variables
JEL: C20 - Genel
JEL: C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial models; Treatment effect models
JEL: C22 - Time-Series Models
JEL: C23 - Panel data
JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models
JEL: C25 - Discrete regression; Qualitative choice models
JEL: C29 - Diğer
JEL: C3 - Econometric Methods: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models
JEL: C30 - Genel
JEL: C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment effect models
JEL: C32 - Time-Series Models
JEL: C33 - Models with Panel data
JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models
JEL: C35 - Discrete regression and Qualitative choice models
JEL: C39 - Diğer
JEL: C4 - Ekonometrik ve istatistiksel metodlar: Özel başlıklar
JEL: C40 - Genel
JEL: C41 - Duration analysis
JEL: C42 - Survey methods
JEL: C43 - Index numbers Aggregation
JEL: C44 - Statistical decision theory; Operations research
JEL: C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
JEL: C46 - Specific Distributions
JEL: C49 - Diğer
JEL: C5 - Ekonometrik Modelleme
JEL: C50 - Genel
JEL: C51 - Model belirleme ve tahmin
JEL: C52 - Model evaluation and testing
JEL: C53 - Forecasting and Diğer Model Uygulamaları
JEL: C59 - Diğer
JEL: C6 - Matematiksel Ekonomi ve Programlama
JEL: C60 - Genel
JEL: C61 - Optimizasyon teknikleri; Programlama modelleri; Dinamik analiz
JEL: C62 - Existence and stability conditions of equilibrium
JEL: C63 - Computational techniques
JEL: C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
JEL: C67 - Inputoutput models
JEL: C68 - Computable Genel Equilibrium models
JEL: C69 - Diğer
JEL: C7 - Game theory and Bargaining theory
JEL: C70 - Genel
JEL: C71 - Cooperative games
JEL: C72 - Noncooperative games
JEL: C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic games; Evolutionary games; Repeated Games
JEL: C78 - Bargaining theory; Matching theory
JEL: C79 - Diğer
JEL: C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
JEL: C80 - Genel
JEL: C81 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing microeconomic data
JEL: C82 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing macroeconomic data
JEL: C87 - Econometric software
JEL: C88 - Diğer Computer Software
JEL: C89 - Diğer
JEL: C9 - Deneysel Ekonomi
JEL: C90 - Genel
JEL: C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
JEL: C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
JEL: C93 - Field experiments
JEL: C99 - Diğer
Mikroekonomi JEL: D Alt kategoriler
JEL: D0 - Genel
JEL: D00 - Genel
JEL: D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
JEL: D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
JEL: D1 - Hanehalkı Davranışları ve Ev Ekonomisi
JEL: D10 - Genel
JEL: D11 - Tüketici Teorisi
JEL: D12 - Consumer economics: empirical analysis
JEL: D13 - Household production and Intrahousehold allocation
JEL: D14 - Personal finance
JEL: D18 - Consumer protection
JEL: D19 - Diğer
JEL: D2 - Üretim ve Organizasyon
JEL: D20 - Genel
JEL: D21 - Firma davranışları
JEL: D23 - Organizational behavior; Transaction Costs; Property rights
JEL: D24 - Production; Capital and Total factor productivity; Capacity
JEL: D29 - Diğer
JEL: D3 - Distribution
JEL: D30 - Genel
JEL: D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
JEL: D33 - Factor Income Distribution
JEL: D39 - Diğer
JEL: D4 - Piyasa Yapısı ve Fiyatlama
JEL: D40 - Genel
JEL: D41 - Tam Rekabet
JEL: D42 - Monopol
JEL: D43 - Oligopol and Diğer Piyasa Başarısızlıkları
JEL: D44 - Auctions
JEL: D45 - Rationing; Licensing
JEL: D46 - Value Theory
JEL: D49 - Diğer
JEL: D5 - Genel equilibrium and Disequilibrium
JEL: D50 - Genel
JEL: D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
JEL: D52 - Incomplete Markets
JEL: D57 - InputOutput Tables and Analysis
JEL: D58 - Computable and Diğer Applied Genel Equilibrium Models
JEL: D59 - Diğer
JEL: D6 - Refah Ekonomisi
JEL: D60 - Genel
JEL: D61 - Allocative efficiency; Cost-benefit analysis
JEL: D62 - Externalities
JEL: D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Diğer Normative Criteria and Measurement
JEL: D64 - Altruism
JEL: D69 - Diğer
JEL: D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
JEL: D70 - Genel
JEL: D71 - Social choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
JEL: D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
JEL: D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
JEL: D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
JEL: D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
JEL: D79 - Diğer
JEL: D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
JEL: D80 - Genel
JEL D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
JEL: D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information
JEL: D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge
JEL: D84 - Expectations; Speculation
JEL: D85 - Network Formation
JEL: D86 - Economics of contract law
JEL: D89 - Diğer
JEL: D9 - Intertemporal choice and Growth
JEL: D90 - Genel
JEL: D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life cycle models and Saving
JEL: D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
JEL: D99 - Diğer
Makroekonomicroeconomics and monetary economics JEL: E Subcategories
JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
:Kategori:Macroeconomics and monetary economics
JEL: E0 - Genel
JEL: E00 - Genel
JEL: E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth
JEL: E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
JEL: E1 - Genel Aggregative Models
JEL: E10 - Genel
JEL: E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
JEL: E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
JEL: E13 - Neoclassical
JEL: E17 - Forecasting and Simulation
JEL: E19 - Diğer
JEL: E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
JEL: E20 - Genel
JEL: E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
JEL: E22 - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity
JEL: E23 - Production
JEL: E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
JEL: E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
JEL: E26 - Informal economy; Underground Economy
JEL: E27 - Forecasting and Simulation
JEL: E29 - Diğer
JEL: E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
JEL: E30 - Genel
JEL: E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
JEL: E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
JEL: E37 - Forecasting and Simulation
JEL: E39 - Diğer
JEL: E4 - Money and Interest Rates
JEL: E40 - Genel
JEL: E41 - Demand for Money
JEL: E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
JEL: E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
JEL: E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
JEL: E47 - Forecasting and Simulation
JEL: E49 - Diğer
JEL: E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
JEL: E50 - Genel
JEL: E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money multipliers
JEL: E52 - Monetary Policy
JEL: E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
JEL: E59 - Diğer
JEL: E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and Genel Outlook
JEL: E60 - Genel
JEL: E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
JEL: E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation
JEL: E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization
JEL: E64 - Incomes policy; Price policy
JEL: E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
JEL: E66 - Genel Outlook and Conditions
JEL: E69 - Diğer
International economics JEL: F Subcategories
JEL: F - International Economics
:Kategori:International economics
JEL: F0 - Genel
JEL: F00 - Genel
JEL: F01 - Global Outlook
JEL: F02 - International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations Economic Integration and Globalization: Genel
JEL: F1 - Trade
JEL: F10 - Genel
JEL: F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
JEL: F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
JEL: F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Organizations
JEL: F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
JEL: F15 - Economic Integration
JEL: F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
JEL: F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
JEL: F18 - Trade and Environment
JEL: F19 - Diğer
JEL: F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
JEL: F20 - Genel
JEL: F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
JEL: F22 - International Migration
JEL: F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
JEL: F29 - Diğer
JEL: F3 - International Finance
JEL: F30 - Genel
JEL: F31 - Foreign Exchange
JEL: F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
JEL: F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
JEL: F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
JEL: F35 - Foreign aid
JEL: F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
JEL: F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation
JEL: F39 - Diğer
JEL: F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
JEL: F40 - Genel
JEL: F41 - Open economy macroeconomics
JEL: F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
JEL: F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
JEL: F47 - Forecasting and Simulation
JEL: F49 - Diğer
Financial economics JEL: G Subcategories
JEL: G - Financial Economics
:Kategori:Financial economics
JEL: G0 - Genel
JEL: G00 - Genel
JEL: G01 - Financial Crises
JEL: G1 - Genel Financial Markets
JEL: G10 - Genel
JEL: G11 - Portfolio choice; Investment decisions
JEL: G12 - Asset pricing; Trading volume; Bond interest rates
JEL: G13 - Contingent pricing; Futures Pricing
JEL: G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
JEL: G15 - International financial markets
JEL: G17 - Financial Forecasting
JEL: G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
JEL: G19 - Diğer
JEL: G2 - Financial institutions and Services
JEL: G20 - Genel
JEL: G21 - Banks; Diğer Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
JEL: G22 - Insurance; Insurance companies
JEL: G23 - Pension funds; Diğer Private Financial Institutions
JEL: G24 - Investment banking; Venture capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
JEL: G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
JEL: G29 - Diğer
JEL: G3 - Corporate finance and Governance
JEL: G30 - Genel
JEL: G31 - Capital budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
JEL: G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure
JEL: G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
JEL: G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate governance
JEL: G35 - Payout Policy
JEL: G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
JEL: G39 - Diğer
Public economics JEL: H Subcategories
JEL: H - Public Economics
:Kategori:Public economics
JEL: H0 - Genel
JEL: H00 - Genel
JEL: H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
JEL: H10 - Genel
JEL: H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
JEL: H19 - Diğer
JEL: H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
JEL: H20 - Genel
JEL: H21 - Efficiency; Optimal taxation
JEL: H22 - Incidence
JEL: H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental taxes and Subsidies
JEL: H24 - Personal Income and Diğer Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
JEL: H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
JEL: H26 - Tax Evasion
JEL: H27 - Diğer Sources of Revenue
JEL: H29 - Diğer
JEL: H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
JEL: H30 - Genel
JEL: H31 - Household
JEL: H32 - Firm
JEL: H39 - Diğer
JEL: H4 - Publicly provided goods
JEL: H40 - Genel
JEL: H41 - Public goods
JEL: H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
JEL: H43 - Project evaluation; Social discount rate
JEL: H49 - Diğer
JEL: H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
JEL: H50 - Genel
JEL: H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
JEL: H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
JEL: H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
JEL: H54 - Infrastructures; Diğer Public Investment and Capital Stock
JEL: H55 - Social security and Public Pensions
JEL: H56 - National Security and War
JEL: H57 - Procurement
JEL: H59 - Diğer
JEL: H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
JEL: H60 - Genel
JEL: H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
JEL: H62 - Deficit; Surplus
JEL: H63 - Debt; Debt Management
JEL: H69 - Diğer
JEL: H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
JEL: H70 - Genel
JEL: H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
JEL: H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
JEL: H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
JEL: H74 - State and Local Borrowing
JEL: H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
JEL: H79 - Diğer
JEL: H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
JEL: H80 - Genel
JEL: H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, and Credits
JEL: H82 - Governmental Property
JEL: H83 - Public administration
JEL: H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
JEL: H89 - Diğer
Health, education, and welfare JEL: I Subcategories
JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare
:Kategori:Health, education, and welfare economics
JEL: I0 - Genel
JEL: I00 - Genel
JEL: I1 - Health
JEL: I10 - Genel
JEL: I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
JEL: I12 - Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance Abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior
JEL: I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public health
JEL: I19 - Diğer
JEL: I2 - Education
JEL: I20 - Genel
JEL: I21 - Analysis of Education
JEL: I22 - Educational finance
JEL: I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions
JEL: I28 - Government Policy
JEL: I29 - Diğer
JEL: I3 - Welfare and Poverty
JEL: I30 - Genel
JEL: I31 - Genel Welfare; Basic needs; Living standards; Quality of life; Happiness
JEL: I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
JEL: I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
JEL: I39 - Diğer
Labor and demographic economics JEL: J Subcategories
JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics
:Kategori:Labor and demographic economics
:Kategori:Labor
:Kategori:Demographic economics
JEL: J0 - Genel
JEL: J00 - Genel
JEL: J1 - Demographic Economics
JEL: J10 - Genel
JEL: J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts
JEL: J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
JEL: J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
JEL: J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
JEL: J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
JEL: J16 - Economics of gender; Non-labor Discrimination
JEL: J17 - Value of life; Foregone Income
JEL: J18 - Public Policy
JEL: J19 - Diğer
JEL: J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human capital
JEL: J20 - Genel
JEL: J21 - Labor force and Employment, Size, and Structure
JEL: J22 - Time allocation and Labor supply
JEL: J23 - Employment Determination; Job creation; Demand for labor; Self-employment
JEL: J24 - Human capital; Skills; Occupational choice; Labor productivity
JEL: J26 - Retirement; Retirement policies
JEL: J28 - Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
JEL: J29 - Diğer
JEL: J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
JEL: J30 - Genel
JEL: J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.
JEL: J32 - Nonwage labor costs and Benefits; Private pensions
JEL: J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
JEL: J38 - Public Policy
JEL: J39 - Diğer
JEL: J4 - Particular Labor Markets
JEL: J40 - Genel
JEL: J41 - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching models, Efficiency wage Models, and Internal labor markets
JEL: J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
JEL: J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
JEL: J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
JEL: J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
JEL: J48 - Public Policy
JEL: J49 - Diğer
JEL: J5 - LaborManagement Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
JEL: J50 - Genel
JEL: J51 - Trade unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
JEL: J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective bargaining
JEL: J53 - Labormanagement relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
JEL: J54 - Producer cooperatives; Labor managed firms
JEL: J58 - Public Policy
JEL: J59 - Diğer
JEL: J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
JEL: J60 - Genel
JEL: J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
JEL: J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational mobility
JEL: J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
JEL: J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
JEL: J65 - Unemployment insurance; Severance pay; Plant closings
JEL: J68 - Public Policy
JEL: J69 - Diğer
JEL: J7 - Labor Discrimination
JEL: J70 - Genel
JEL: J71 - Discrimination
JEL: J78 - Public Policy
JEL: J79 - Diğer
JEL: J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
JEL: J80 - Genel
JEL: J81 - Working conditions
JEL: J82 - Labor Force Composition
JEL: J83 - Workers' Rights
JEL: J88 - Public Policy
JEL: J89 - Diğer
Law and economics JEL: K Subcategories
JEL: K - Law and Economics
:Kategori:Law and economics
JEL: K0 - Genel
JEL: K00 - Genel
JEL: K1 - Basic Areas of Law
JEL: K10 - Genel
JEL: K11 - Property Law
JEL: K12 - Contract Law
JEL: K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
JEL: K14 - Criminal Law
JEL: K19 - Diğer
JEL: K2 - Regulation and Business Law
JEL: K20 - Genel
JEL: K21 - Antitrust Law
JEL: K22 - Corporation and Securities Law
JEL: K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
JEL: K29 - Diğer
JEL: K3 - Diğer Substantive Areas of Law
JEL: K30 - Genel
JEL: K31 - Labor Law
JEL: K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
JEL: K33 - International Law
JEL: K34 - Tax Law
JEL: K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
JEL: K39 - Diğer
JEL: K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
JEL: K40 - Genel
JEL: K41 - Litigation Process
JEL: K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
JEL: K49 - Diğer
Industrial organization JEL: L Subcategories
:Kategori:Industrial organization
JEL: L - Industrial Organization
JEL: L0 - Genel
JEL: L00 - Genel
JEL: L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
JEL: L10 - Genel
JEL: L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
JEL: L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
JEL: L13 - Oligopoly and Diğer Imperfect Markets
JEL: L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
JEL: L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
JEL: L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure; Industrial Price Indices
JEL: L19 - Diğer
JEL: L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
JEL: L20 - Genel
JEL: L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
JEL: L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical integration; Conglomerates
JEL: L23 - Organization of Production
JEL: L24 - Contracting out; Joint ventures
JEL: L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales
JEL: L29 - Diğer
JEL: L3 - :Kategori:Non-profit organizations and :Kategori:Public enterprise
JEL: L30 - Genel
JEL: L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
JEL: L32 - Public enterprises
JEL: L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting out
JEL: L39 - Diğer
JEL: L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
JEL: L40 - Genel
JEL: L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
JEL: L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
JEL: L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
JEL: L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
JEL: L49 - Diğer
JEL: L5 - Regulation and :Kategori:Industrial policy
JEL: L50 - Genel
JEL: L51 - Economics of Regulation
JEL: L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
JEL: L53 - Government Promotion of Firms
JEL: L59 - Diğer
JEL: L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
JEL: L60 - Genel
JEL: L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
JEL: L62 - Automobiles; Diğer Transportation Equipment
JEL: L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
JEL: L64 - Diğer Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
JEL: L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
JEL: L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
JEL: L67 - Diğer Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
JEL: L68 - Appliances; Diğer Consumer Durables
JEL: L69 - Diğer
JEL: L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
JEL: L70 - Genel
JEL: L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
JEL: L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Diğer Nonrenewable Resources
JEL: L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper
JEL: L74 - Construction
JEL: L78 - Government Policy
JEL: L79 - Diğer
JEL: L8 - Industry Studies: Services
JEL: L80 - Genel
JEL: L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce
JEL: L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
JEL: L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
JEL: L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
JEL: L85 - Real Estate Services
JEL: L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
JEL: L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
JEL: L88 - Government Policy
JEL: L89 - Diğer
JEL: L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
JEL: L90 - Genel
JEL: L91 - Transportation: Genel
JEL: L92 - Railroads and Diğer Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports
JEL: L93 - Air Transportation
JEL: L94 - Electric Utilities
JEL: L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
JEL: L96 - Telecommunications
JEL: L97 - Utilities: Genel
JEL: L98 - Government Policy
JEL: L99 - Diğer
Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting JEL: M Subcategories
JEL: M - Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting
:Kategori:Business economics
JEL: M0 - Genel
JEL: M00 - Genel
JEL: M1 - Business Administration
JEL: M10 - Genel
JEL: M11 - Production Management
JEL: M12 - Personnel Management
JEL: M13 - Entrepreneurship
JEL: M14 - Corporate culture; Social Responsibility
JEL: M19 - Diğer
JEL: M2 - Business Economics
JEL: M20 - Genel
JEL: M21 - Business economics
JEL: M29 - Diğer
JEL: M3 - Marketing and Advertising
JEL: M30 - Genel
JEL: M31 - Marketing
JEL: M37 - Advertising
JEL: M39 - Diğer
JEL: M4 - Accounting and Auditing
JEL: M40 - Genel
JEL: M41 - Accounting scholarship
JEL: M42 - Auditing
JEL: M49 - Diğer
JEL: M5 - Personnel economics
JEL: M50 - Genel
JEL: M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary workers, seniority issues)
JEL: M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)
JEL: M53 - Training
JEL: M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction)
JEL: M55 - Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Diğer
JEL: M59 - Diğer
Economic history JEL: N Subcategories
JEL: N - Economic History
:Kategori:Economic history
JEL: N0 - Genel
JEL: N00 - Genel
JEL: N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
JEL: N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
JEL: N10 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N11 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N12 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N14 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N15 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N17 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
JEL: N20 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N21 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N22 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N24 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N25 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N27 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth
JEL: N30 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N31 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N32 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N34 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N35 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N37 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation
JEL: N40 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N41 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N42 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N44 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N45 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N47 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
JEL: N50 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N51 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N52 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N54 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N55 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N57 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
JEL: N60 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N61 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N62 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N64 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N65 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N67 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Diğer Services
JEL: N70 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N71 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N72 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N74 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N75 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N77 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N8 - Micro-Business History
JEL: N80 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N81 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N82 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N84 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N85 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N87 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N9 - Regional and Urban History
JEL: N90 - Genel, International, or Comparative
JEL: N91 - U. S.; Canada: Pre-1913
JEL: N92 - U. S.; Canada: 1913
JEL: N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
JEL: N94 - Europe: 1913
JEL: N95 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: N97 - Africa; Oceania
Ekonomik kalkınma, teknolojik değişim ve büyüme JEL: O Alt kategoriler
JEL: O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
:Kategori:Economic development, technological change, and growth
JEL: O1 - Economic development
JEL: O10 - Genel
JEL: O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
JEL: O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
JEL: O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Diğer Primary Products
JEL: O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
JEL: O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
JEL: O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment
JEL: O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political
JEL: O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
JEL: O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
JEL: O2 - Development Planning and Policy
JEL: O20 - Genel
JEL: O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
JEL: O22 - Project Analysis
JEL: O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
JEL: O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
JEL: O29 - Diğer
JEL: O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development
JEL: O30 - Genel
JEL: O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
JEL: O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
JEL: O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
JEL: O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues
JEL: O38 - Government Policy
JEL: O39 - Diğer
JEL: O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
JEL: O40 - Genel
JEL: O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
JEL: O42 - Monetary Growth Models
JEL: O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity
JEL: O49 - Diğer
JEL: O5 - Economywide Country Studies
JEL: O50 - Genel
JEL: O51 - U. S.; Canada
JEL: O52 - Europe
JEL: O53 - Asia including Middle East
JEL: O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
JEL: O55 - Africa
JEL: O56 - Oceania
JEL: O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Ekonomik sistemler JEL: P Alt kategoriler
JEL: P - Economic Systems
:Kategori:Economic systems
JEL: P0 - Genel
JEL: P00 - Genel
JEL: P1 - Capitalist Systems
JEL: P10 - Genel
JEL: P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
JEL: P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
JEL: P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
JEL: P14 - Property Rights
JEL: P16 - Political Economy
JEL: P17 - Performance and Prospects
JEL: P19 - Diğer
JEL: P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
JEL: P20 - Genel
JEL: P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
JEL: P22 - Prices
JEL: P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
JEL: P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
JEL: P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation
JEL: P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
JEL: P27 - Performance and Prospects
JEL: P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
JEL: P29 - Diğer
JEL: P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
JEL: P30 - Genel
JEL: P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
JEL: P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
JEL: P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
JEL: P34 - Financial Economics
JEL: P35 - Public Economics
JEL: P36 - Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty
JEL: P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
JEL: P39 - Diğer
JEL: P4 - Diğer Economic Systems
JEL: P40 - Genel
JEL: P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
JEL: P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
JEL: P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
JEL: P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
JEL: P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
JEL: P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty
JEL: P47 - Performance and Prospects
JEL: P48 - Political Economy Legal Institutions; Property Rights
JEL: P49 - Diğer
JEL: P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
JEL: P50 - Genel
JEL: P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
JEL: P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
JEL: P59 - Diğer
Tarım ve Doğal Kaynak Ekonomisi, Çevresel ve EkoloAgricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and Ekolojik Ekonomi JEL: Q Alt kategoriler
JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
:Kategori:Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics
:Kategori:Resource economics
JEL: Q0 - Genel
JEL: Q00 - Genel
JEL: Q01 - Sustainable development
JEL: Q1 - Agriculture
JEL: Q10 - Genel
JEL: Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
JEL: Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
JEL: Q13 - Agricultural markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
JEL: Q14 - Agricultural finance
JEL: Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land reform; Land use; Irrigation
JEL: Q16 - R&D; Agricultural technology; Agricultural Extension Services
JEL: Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
JEL: Q18 - Agricultural policy; Food policy
JEL: Q19 - Diğer
JEL: Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
JEL: Q20 - Genel
JEL: Q21 - Demand and Supply
JEL: Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
JEL: Q23 - Forestry
JEL: Q24 - Land
JEL: Q25 - Water
JEL: Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
JEL: Q28 - Government Policy
JEL: Q29 - Diğer
JEL: Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
JEL: Q30 - Genel
JEL: Q31 - Demand and Supply
JEL: Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
JEL: Q34 - Doğal kaynaklar ve yurtiçiNatural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
JEL: Q33 - Doğal kaynak patlamasıResource Booms
JEL: Q38 - Kamu politikaları
JEL: Q39 - Diğer
JEL: Q4 - Enerji Ekonomisi
JEL: Q40 - Genel
JEL: Q41 - Enerji Talebi ve Enerji Arzı
JEL: Q42 - Alternatif enerji kaynakları
JEL: Q43 - Enerji ve Makroekonomi
JEL: Q48 - Kamu Politikaları
JEL: Q49 - Diğer
JEL: Q5 - Çevresel Ekonomi
JEL: Q50 - Genel
JEL: Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
JEL: Q52 - Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
JEL: Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste Recycling
JEL: Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters
JEL: Q55 - Technological Innovation
JEL: Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental accounting
JEL: Q57 - Ecological economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics
JEL: Q58 - Government Policy
JEL: Q59 - Diğer
Kentsel, Kırsal ve Bölgesel Ekonomi JEL: R Alt kategoriler
JEL: R - Kent Ekonomisi, Kırsal Ekonomi ve Bölgesel Ekonomi
:Kategori:Kentsel, Kırsal ve bölgesel ekonomi
JEL: R0 - Genel
JEL: R00 - Genel
JEL: R1 - Genel Bölgesel ekonomi
JEL: R10 - Genel
JEL: R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
JEL: R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade
JEL: R13 - Genel Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
JEL: R14 - Land Use Patterns
JEL: R15 - Econometric and InputOutput Models; Diğer Models
JEL: R19 - Diğer
JEL: R2 - Hanehalı analizler
JEL: R20 - Genel
JEL: R21 - Hanehalkı talebiHousing Demand
JEL: R22 - Diğer Talep
JEL: R23 - Bölgesel göç, bölgesel iş gücü piyasaları, nüfus
JEL: R29 - Diğer
JEL: R3 - Üretim analizleri ve Firma yeri
JEL: R30 - Genel
JEL: R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
JEL: R32 - Diğer üretim ve fiyatlama analizleri
JEL: R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
JEL: R34 - Input Demand Analysis
JEL: R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
JEL: R39 - Diğer
JEL: R4 - Ulaştırma Ekonomisi
JEL: R40 - Genel
JEL: R41 - Ulaştırma: Talep, arz, yığılma, güvenlik ve kazalar
JEL: R42 - Kamu ve özel yatırım analizleri
JEL: R48 - Kamu fiyatlaması, düzenleme politikaları
JEL: R49 - Diğer
JEL: R5 - Bölgesel yönetim analizi
JEL: R50 - Genel
JEL: R51 - Kentsel ve kırsal ekonomilerde finans
JEL: R52 - Arazi kullanımı ve diğer düzenlemeler
JEL: R53 - Kamu hizmet yeri analizi, Kamu yatırım ve sermaye stoku
JEL: R58 - Bölgesel gelişim yasaları
JEL: R59 - Diğer
Çeşitli kategoriler (ekonomi) JEL: Y Alt kategoriler
JEL: Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
JEL: Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts
JEL: Y2 - Introductory Material
JEL: Y20 - Introductory Material
JEL: Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
JEL: Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
JEL: Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)
JEL: Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
JEL: Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified)
JEL: Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)
JEL: Y6 - Excerpts
JEL: Y60 - Excerpts
JEL: Y8 - JEL: Related Disciplines
JEL: Y80 - Related Disciplines
JEL: Y9 - Diğer
JEL: Y90 - Diğer
Diğer özel başlıklar JEL: Z Alt kategoriler
JEL: Z - Diğer özel başlıklar
JEL: Z0 - Genel
JEL: Z00 - Genel
JEL: Z1 - Kültürel ekonomi; Ekonomik sosyoloji; Ekonomik antropoloji
JEL: Z10 - Genel
JEL: Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
JEL: Z12 - Bölgesel
JEL: Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
JEL: Z19 - Diğer