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Markcosson soruyor: ''Kadınların durumu hakkında ne düşünüyorsunuz?'' Atatürk cevap veriyor:''Kadınlar eğitimde ve öğretimde erkeklerle eşit olmalıdır. İslam dini kadınların eğitimine ve öğretimine önem verilmesini emrediyor. Bağımsızlık mücadelemizde de kadınlarımızın ordumuza büyük yardımı olmuştur.'' Günümüze ışık tutuyor Gündemimizi alaka ediyor! sağol CerCerY

Atatürk hakkında ingilizce ödev hazırlamak zorunda olan arkadaslar olabilir. Onlar için İngilizce olarak bi kaç yazı vereyim dedim burada.. Atatürk-Bethoven-Einstein By Prof. Behram Kursunoglu One of the walls of my office is graced with the pictures of Atatürk, Beethoven, and Einstein placed side by side. Occasionally visitors, when they enter, inquire about this triad of immortality in statesmanship, in classical music, and in physics. The fundamental premise for this inspiring portrait was based on the common qualities of the three giants of all time who have either changed the world or made profound impacts on the lives of people everywhere and on science. It was Beethoven who composed the Emperor Concerto which of course transcends politics and science. However, there is also the physics of music where sound waves with a certain spectrum of frequencies and amplitudes, when superposed together constitute information to be processed by the brain and then perceived as music. There would, of course, be no music if the brain was to process only the frequencies of sound separately. Beethoven did not know physics, but he composed, for example, the opera Fidelio. It must, of course, be realized that one could also mention the politics of music when one hears the national anthem or a martial music. Einstein disliked military solutions for national and international disputes and was quite emotional for choosing peaceful solutions of problems between nations. It was Einstein who changed the world and physics with his theory of relativity and his famous E = mC2 equation, while Atatürk as a super statesman transformed Turkey, at the time described as the "sick man of Europe", into a dynamic society commensurable with contemporary progressive countries' standards of a democratic and secular system of government. Atatürk laid the foun-dations of a democratic system which would include multi-party structure after the consolidation of the revolution so that the country is not taken over by the old establishment. His laicism has, in its contents and applications, far exceeded the secularism of the member nations of today's European union which, ab initio, do not admit Turkey to their economic and political orga-nization. The pre-medieval era of the cru-sader's spirit is still well-placed not to include a secular country with Islamic religion like Turkey in a Christian club. Atatürk's political doctrine states that "sovereignty belongs, uncon-ditionally, to the people of a nation" which was further enhanced by his profound desire for "peace at home, peace in the World." He removed women's veils and men's fezzes and declared total suffrage to include women of Turkey to vote and to be equal to men in every way including employment by all organizations, be it social, economic, or political positions. He further decreed to change from an Arabic to a Latin alphabet to use a different parity of writing . Atatürk, as a man of great vision, initiated a new system of education throughout the country, brought in Western art and music, opened conser-vatories for state opera and theater. He declared a national mobilization on modern education in all fields of human endeavor. He was not a scientist, but he told his nation, "Real enlightenment can only come from science and learning." He dedicated the destiny and the future of the republic when he said, "Turkish youth, your primary duty is ever to preserve and defend the national independence of the Turkish Republic. That is the only basis of your existence and your future." Atatürk was, inter alia, a great soldier. For example, a page from history reads as follows: Winston Churchill, as the First Lord of the British Admiralty, was the principal architect who proposed and organized a joint attack by military and naval forces on Gallipoli and Dardanelles. The 1915 combatants included the French, Indians, Australians, and New Zealanders. Churchill had often argued that the best means of defense was offense. His Dardanelles proposal was given greater urgency by a message received from the Grand Duke Nicholas, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian forces, appealing for a demonstration against Turkey to relieve the pressure of the Turkish army in Caucasus. The Turks fought with great heroism to defend not only the Gallipoli and Dardanelles but Istanbul itself, then the capital city of the Ottoman Empire. The Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Forces Mustafa Kemal Pasa gave to his soldiers the order, "I am not asking you just to attack but I am asking you to die." The entire 1915 Churchill's Dadanelles project failed miserably. The more than five hundred thousand allied naval and land forces were decisively defeated. Most of the areas in Dardanelles and Gallipoli were converted to cemeteries for the fallen tens of thousands of soldiers of mostly Australians followed by the Indians, French, and British. There were also many thousands of fallen Turkish soldiers. Many of the Allied ships were sunk and the remaining Allied forces were withdrawn expediently. Churchill lost the war in Dardanelles and resigned his post at the Admiralty. The Turkish victory in Gallipoli was not enough, as just one battle, to win the war. When my train entered Syria from Southern Turkey on May 4, 1945, just four days before the end of the Second World War in Europe, on my way to England for study abroad, I felt a transition from 20th century of Atatürk's Turkey to a distant past in history. This was my feeling about the Syrian city of Halab where people were wearing fez and here was an air of backwardness in the city environment. It was then that a young Turk witnessed the vindication of the great Atatürk Revolution in Turkey. I often wondered what would have been my future if I were born in a country without Atatürk. Surely, I would not have been on my way to England for higher education in the field of Physics. In the same way I say, "What would the world be like without Beethoven's 9th Symphony or Einstein's Relativity Theory of Gravitation?" I am of course, cognizant of the fact that the 9th Symphony has only been composed by Beethoven, but it was quite possible that general relativity may have been discovered much later by another physicist. But the fundamental fact remains --neither was the Symphony composed by several composers nor was the relativity theory discovered by several physicists. They were the creations of individuals just as Atatürk's Revolution was the result of his statesmanship, genius, devotion, and dedication to his country, which will be propagated from generation to generation to span all of time and it will continue to impact other countries who aspire to reach economic and political standards of contemporary civilization. I had no opportunity or was too young to have met Atatürk. While Beethoven's music enriched my soul, I was very lucky to have met Einstein in his home in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1953. After a few hours of conversation, on his and my versions of the unified field theories, the subject was changed and he asked me about my plans when I returned to Turkey in 1955. I explained that after doing my military service, which is obligatory for all male Turks, Atatürk's Turkey would afford me a fertile environment for continuing my research efforts in one of the universities and looking for oppor-tunities to travel to international meetings on subjects of interest to my field. Einstein agreed. It was nearly six o'clock in the evening and Einstein wanted to listen to the United Nations' discussions of the new State of Israel, even though he refused the offer from Israel to serve as its President. I bade good-bye and left Princeton for Cornell University where I was a research associate. Terminal aspects of these conversations with Einstein will appear in my book "THE ASCENT OF GRAVITY: Einstein's Triumph, Paradigms, and Contemporary Physicists," which will be published in 1997. I have tried to convert, to some extent, my own thoughts on how to portray the impact of one great individual on one's life as compared to the impacts of two others, even though they share immortality only as their common sublime quality. -

Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasa and an American Journalist By Ayse Cebesoy Sarialp, Director General, Turkish-American University Association Universities Cultural and Education Foundation An American navy man, Admiral Bristol, American Ambassador to Turkey, became a true friend of Atatürk and his friends and supported the Turkish national struggle in all sincerity. Ambassador Grew, the first American Ambassador after the proclamation of the Republic, who had attended the Lausanne Treaty Conference as a member of the American delegation, presented a true picture of the Turkish National Struggle in his two-volume book called The Turbulent Era. During the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922), an American journalist named Mr. Brown came to Turkey to interview Mustafa Kemal and his friends, the commanders of the Eastern and Western frontiers. Between September 20 and 22, 1919, an American Mission under the leadership of General James G. Harbord came to Turkey and met Mustafa Kemal and his close friend Huseyin Rauf to find out about the situation on the frontiers. General Harbord then visited General Kazim Karabekir, the commander of the Eastern front, from whom he learned the so-called Armenian dilemma. General Harbord's detailed report on the Turkish War of Independence, which threw a true light on the defensive attitude of the Turks in their national struggle, exists in the archives of the Library of Congress. A prominent American journalist named Isaac Frederick Marcosson (1871- ? ) came to Ankara, Turkey in the year 1922 where he had an opportunity to interview Mustafa Kemal. The highlight of this interview is very interesting from the view point of giving a true picture of the young Turkey's foreign policy as well as domestic investments to promote the future of this young nation in every possible field. The interview starts with Atatürk's personal views on the United States. Atatürk said, "The American ideal is our ideal. As you had a Declaration of Independence, we also have our National Pact. Both of these documents are of the same nature; like you, we also wanted independence. Turkey and America are democratic societies. Turkey and the United States can cooperate in the commercial and economic fields. We welcome the entry of American capital into Turkey. I carefully examined the lives of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. The United States of America was founded upon thirteen governments; there is a similarity between the present day Turkey and these thirteen governments. You Americans liberated yourselves from the yoke of the English; we also won our independence from them. The world should witness the birth of a new nation in Turkey. Do you know why I liked Washington and Lincoln? Both worked for the advancement, elevation, and prosperity of America. However, your other presidents strove to gain honor and fame. This high service is the service which a person assumes without thinking of himself. You perhaps find such a statement of a man like me who is both a soldier and a Turk a bit strange; but in these ideas lay the foundation of the entire nation. The Turks were in a position of minority in the Ottoman Empire for centuries, but now the Ottoman Empire has ceased to exist. Now, we Turks alone control our own homeland, we are the masters of our own house." Marcosson asked, "What sort of remedy can be found for the difficulties in which the world finds itself? Can the United Nations be a remedy for them? Atatürk answered, "Both yes and no... The United Nations accepts the domination of certain states over other nations. This is a mistake." Marcosson asked, "Do you support the entry of Turkey into the United Nations?" Atatürk answered, "Yes, under certain conditions, but in my opinion this organization is still in the experimental stage." Marcosson asked, "What do you think about the status of women? Atatürk answered, "Women must be the equals of men in matters of education and instruction. The Islamic religion commands that attention be given to the education and instruction of women. In our struggle for independence Turkish women were of significant assistance to the army." Marcosson asked, "What is your aim in founding this state? That is do you support an Islamic union or a Pan-Turanian union?" Atatürk answered, "Let me explain the problem. The idea of an Islamic union came to an end centuries ago before the gates of Vienna. As for Pan-Turanism, it was destroyed on the Eastern plains. Both ideas are mistakes, because both of them are also imperialist. Taking into consideration German, Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires, imperialism has been eliminated from the world." After this interview, Mr. Marcosson wrote a series of articles about the young Turkish Republic and its leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, praising his progressive mindedness and perceptiveness. -

There are other less-known aspects of Atatürk's personality. Although a military hero, who more than once led his troops into horrific battles, he disliked gore and blood. He did not like the practice of animal-sacrifice and always stopped such attempts before any blood was shed. One day in Cankaya he received a gift from a friend in Istanbul. It was an oil painting done during the 1897 Ottoman-Greek War depicting an Ottoman soldier with his bayonet in the bloodied chest of a Greek soldier. Atatürk's immediate reaction was to put the painting in its crate and have it moved. His sensitivity to national symbols, whether Turkish or not, is well documented. Perhaps the best- known story concerns the time in Izmir when he refused to tread upon a Greek flag stating that itis the symbol of a country's independence. His friends knew him to be a kind and sensitive man. He loved children and adopted a number of girls and a boy, all of whom were well-educated and became well-known in their chosen fields. He had a special fondness for horses and dogs. He also loved flowers and wanted fresh-cut flowers on his table every night. However, he was told that there were no flowers in Ankara and cultivation of flowers was out of question. He did not understand. Ankara had soil, so why not flowers? No water, they said. "If I bring water to you, would you raise flowers?" he asked. So he had a dam built near Ankara and not only got his flowers but also established a model farm to ensure that cultivation of flowers would continue. He had a feeling of veneration towards trees and hated to see them cut. He was responsible for the "greening" of Ankara. His friends knew of his love of nature. One day while riding with Ismet Inonu near Diyarbakir, Atatürk exclaimed, "Find me a new religion." Ismet Inonu promptly answered: "Let it be a religion whose form of worship is to plant trees." Again in contrast to other "self-inflated" people, he respected differences of opinion and tolerated criticism well. Once when Recep Peker, then the head of Atatürk's Republican Party, objected to the nomination of two men to the General Assembly as too critical of the government, Atatürk disagreed: "Of course they will criticize! That's why I want them in the Assembly so that we have access to their ideas... Is there something that we did that cannot be defended? I am convinced that we can justify all our actions." Later on, he confessed to his near friends that he was upset: "We don't seem to have any stomach for criticism. Unfortunately, I have not been able to make our friends more tolerable. Well, maybe eventually we will succeed in this too." In another incident when he was attending a meeting in a town in Anatolia, he asked people to tell him honestly which of his reforms they did not like. Everyone looked down, not daring to criticize him. Then a young man named Asim Kultur got up and said "Since you order us, I will tell you." He said that he was worried about how little Atatürk's reforms had taken hold. He likened Atatürk's reforms to mighty winds that originate on top of mountains but never reach the valleys. He said he had just met a taxi driver who believed that religious sheiks had miraculous powers: "So the driver gave the sheik a free ride! Clearly, there are still ignorant people amongst us who believe that such people have supernatural powers. If we could have planted the seeds of our reforms to every corner of our country, the power that sheiks and other religious reactionaries have over innocent people would have long dissipated. If today the sheik finds a gullible enough taxi driver to take him to his destination without pay, then tomorrow he can make these people follow him wherever he wants." Atatürk listened to the young man quietly and said: "You are absolutely right." The young man's prophecy has finally come true. There are too many gullible people in Turkey today which put their faith blindly into the hands of so-called-religious people who use religion to foster their own interests. Islam has been politicized in Turkey. It is also being used to separate Turkish people into hostile segments. However, current events might eventually show that the majority of Turkish people respect democracy and see the recent developments as evidence of a healthy debate. It is an undeniable fact that during the early years of the Turkish Republic, the voice of religion had to be silenced for the social reforms to take root. Some seventy years later the time has come for us to discuss the role of religion in Turkish life openly and freely. But without political manipulation. Maybe as the educated and Westernized Turks listen to the complaints of "religious masses" and respond to their criticisms in positive and constructive ways, they, in turn, will learn to appreciate that diversity in a democratic country is not to be feared but valued. Some people say we need another Atatürk to save us from this mess. That is too much to hope for. But we certainly need a leader with Atatürk's tolerance for criticism and sensitivity to the symbols held dear by different groups.

Atatürk, The Psychology of the Man By Dr. Engin Inel Holmstrom Military hero. National liberator. Charismatic leader. Unparalleled social reformer. Prominent statesman. A genius international peacemaker. Father of his country. These are some of the exalted phrases generally used to describe Atatürk. These attributes, beyond the reach of ordinary human beings, tend to deify him and make us forget that he was just a man. Not an ordinary man, for sure, but nonetheless a man, with feelings, likes, dislikes, worries, strengths and weaknesses. It is this juxtaposition of human frailty on one hand, and unparalleled strength and foresight for world affairs, on the other hand, that has made him such an interesting subject for historians and social scientists. In a fascinating psychobiology of Atatürk, Volkan and Itzkowitz state that Atatürk "had an inflated and grandiose self-concept... He believed he was a unique man above all others and endowed with the right to assert his will." In view of his extraordinary life and achievements, it is hardly surprising that Atatürk had a high self-esteem! From childhood he was different from others. And step by step events proved his superior intelligence, foresight, and talent for leadership. Sometimes even he did not know how he made the right decisions! There is a well-documented scene in the battle on the Gallipoli Peninsula in 1915. Coming upon a company of Turkish soldiers in full flight, who have exhausted their ammunition, Atatürk orders the soldiers to fix their bayonets and charge the enemy. Relating the incident later on, he said that he did not know whether he gave the order by logic or instint. This act, either by "logic or instinct", saved the day, giving the Turks enough time to get reinforcements and drove the British down the slopes. On the same slopes, after personally leading the bayonet charge against the enemy, he was hit by a piece of shrapnel. He prevented a young officer from letting others know that he was hit. He did not want to undermine the unquestioned confidence his troops had in him. He knew such confidence was a vital part of successful leadership. Volkan and Itzkowitz argue that this incident created a sense of "immortality" in the young officer. But why not? What happened that day in Gallipoli was short of a miracle. He was saved by his own pocket watch which absorbed most of the blow. It was almost as if by divine intervention he was allowed to continue on his path to save the Turkish nation. There is another story that reveals Atatürk's state of mind regarding his "immortality." In 1926 a group of men hatched a plot to assassinate him. The plot was uncovered and the culprits arrested. One of the hired assassins was brought in front of Atatürk. The assassin did not know that his questioner was Atatürk. He admitted that he had been paid to kill Mustafa Kemal because he was a bad man who did harm to his country. "But how," asked Atatürk, "could you kill a person you had never seen? You might have picked the wrong man." The assassin explained that Kemal was to be pointed out to him before he fired. Atatürk then drew his revolver and handed it him saying "Well, I am Mustafa Kemal. Come on, take this revolver and shoot me now." The man, Lord Kinross writes, looked at him in amazement, then sank to his knees and sobbed. Call it superiority complex. Call it over-inflated ego. Whatever drove him resulted in the liberation of his country. And, "although he believed in the superiority of his own ideas, he was capable of synthesizing what he learned from others into some reality-oriented conclusion that was both acceptable and practical." He was a good listener, unlike other "self-inflated" persons. He liked to discuss things with his friends before making a decision. He was not a humble man, but he disliked unrealistic flattery. At a dinner in Konya during the early days of the Republic, Refik Bey started on a long, honey-tongued toast, flourishing the notion that the nation owed every thing to Atatürk. Atatürk tried to cut him short by stating that whatever accomplishments there had been, they were the work of the Turkish people. But Koraltan was high on alcohol and objected to Atatürk's "extreme modesty." Peeved, Atatürk responded: "This is not modesty but expression of reality... I am certain you must have noticed my tendency to discuss current events and problems with others and get their opinions. I must confess I attended many meetings where I had no knowledge of the issue at hand. Only after listening to you, my friends, was I able to make a decision. Thus, as in implementation of all our decisions, you were also responsible in forming our decisions... Now I would like to point out a very delicate point here. Have you ever thought while there are internal and external attempts to assassinate me? Those people who try organize such conspiracies, do they have anything against me personally? No! Are they trying to take revenge? No, again! Then why are they trying to get rid of me? I will give you an answer. Because they are under the impression that reformist Turkish Republic will not exist without me, and that when I am gone, the Republic will collapse and they will realize their unholy aims. Do you realize that you are mouthing similar statements as these people? Please, sir, if you are sincere, get this notion out of your head... The Republic is the product of Turkish people and it belongs to them. In the hands of its children, it will flourish, getting better and stronger." Refik Koraltan, it is said, never undertook long toasts after this incident. -

bu yazıların yazarlarından aratırsan zaten Türkçeleri çok yerde mevcuttur.. O yazıların İngilizce çevirilerini paylaştım bende arkadaşım.. bu topic altında tamamen İngilizce çevirileri paylaşmak istedim.. başka bir topictede Türkçelerini paylaşırım

Dear CerCerY. no wonder none of the usual enemies of MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK will add any comment to your thread. Eventhought the first command of KOR'AN is READ! They kindly prefered to listen from their ferrystoahs gratulations.

Hayırdır ne iş? Bu forumun resmi dili Türkçe'dir. Hem kimmiş bu Atatürk düşmanları... Hayır yani, ne yaptığını sanıyon DOSTUM