Chapter 1 topics Reason for studying concept of programming language Programming Domains Language Evaluation Criteria Influence on Language design Language categories Language design trade-offs Implementation methods Programming envoirments 1. Reason for studying concept of programming language Increased ability to express ideas Improved background for chosing appropriate language Increased ability to learn new languages Better understanding of significant of implemention Better use of languages that are already known Overall advancement of computing 2. Programming Domains 2.1. Scientific application Large number of floating point computation; use of arrays - Fortran 2.2 Business application Produce reports, use decimal numbers, and characters. -COBOL 2.3. Artificial intelligence Symbols rather than numbers manipulated - lisp 2.4. System Programming Need efficiency, because of continuous use - C 2.5. Web software Electic collection of languages markup, scripting, general-propose.