The conversion of sediment to sedimentary rock results in the loss of porosity as a result of compaction (spaces destroyed as grains are squeezed closer together) and cementation (spaces filled with cementing agent holding grains together).
(compaction (spaces; destroyed; ) (grains; are squeezed closer together; ) (spaces; filled; with cementing agent holding grains together) (cementing agent; holding together; grains)
compaction (spaces grains spaces cementing agent
destroyed are squeezed closer together filled holding together
with cementing agent holding grains together
grains