little algae) Algae in productive water strongly absorb blue, leaving only green Algae in deep water must utilize this part of spectrum Green and red algae red algae contain accessory pigment phycoerythrine that absorbs green strongly Algal taxa versus depth With increasing depth along New England coast, more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants Water potential in plants Water potential can be viewed as the concentration of water Water moves from areas of higher potential (concentration) to areas of lower potential Soil water (almost pure water) has higher potential than plant (many organic solutes) which has higher potential than (dry) air Water movement through plants Leaves lose water to air by transpiration through open stomates This reduces water potential in leaf Water cohesion draws replacement water up through plant Water moves across root surfaces into plant Stomates regulate gas exchange between leaf and environment Stomates are holes through leaf epidermis that allow gases (CO 2 , O 2 and H 2 O) into and out of leaf air spaces Water movement through plant This figure shows moist air space inside leaves and open stomates Soil moisture and root investment If soil moisture is low, plants invest more in growing extensive root system (and less in shoots) An example of phenotypic plasticity (or developmental acclimation) Root/shoot allocation Again, as soil moisture drops, plants invest more in roots (to gain access to more soil moisture) and less in shoots Root/shoot investment Greater investment in roots in response to water or mineral nutrient shortage Shoot production favored by light limitation Water budgets in animals, plants Soil moisture When soil moisture is high, outer shells of water around soil particles are easily removed by roots When moisture levels drop, only more tightly held inner shells are left;
(This; reduces; water potential) (moisture levels; drop; ) (leaf epidermis; allow; gases) (plants; invest; more; in roots; to gain access to more soil moisture; in response to water or mineral nutrient shortage Shoot production) Context(plants invest,List([1435, 1448))):(plants; invest more to gain; access to more soil moisture) (Water potential; can be viewed; as the concentration of water Water moves from areas of higher potential (concentration) to areas of lower potential Soil water) (more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants; are; holes) Context(more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986))):(Leaves; lose; water) Context(more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986))):(leaving only green Algae in deep water; must utilize; this part of spectrum Green) Context(leaving only green Algae in deep water must utilize more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([62, 986))):(red algae red algae; contain; accessory pigment phycoerythrine that absorbs green strongly Algal taxa versus depth With increasing depth along New England coast) Context(more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986))):(Water moves across root surfaces into plant Stomates; regulate; gas exchange between leaf and environment Stomates) Context(more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986))):(Water potential in plants; has; higher potential than plant) (soil moisture; is; low) (water or mineral nutrient shortage Shoot production; favored; by light limitation Water budgets in animals) (open stomates Soil moisture and root investment If soil moisture is low, plants invest more in growing extensive root system (and less in shoots) An example of phenotypic plasticity (or developmental acclimation) Root/shoot allocation Again, as soil moisture drops, plants invest more in roots (to gain access to more soil moisture) and less in shoots Root/shoot investment Greater investment in roots in response to water or mineral nutrient shortage Shoot production favored by light limitation Water budgets in animals, plants Soil moisture When soil moisture is high, outer shells of water around soil particles are easily removed by roots When moisture levels drop, only more tightly held inner shells; are left; ) (plants; invest Again; more in growing extensive root system (and less in shoots) An example of phenotypic plasticity (or developmental acclimation) (CO 2; leaves; ) (soil moisture; is; high, outer shells of water around soil particles) (plant; has; higher potential than (dry) air Water movement) (accessory pigment phycoerythrine; absorbs; green strongly Algal taxa) (This figure; shows inside; moist air space)
plants invest,List([1435, 1448)) more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986)) more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986)) leaving only green Algae in deep water must utilize more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([62, 986)) more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986)) more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants are,List([306, 986))
This moisture levels leaf epidermis plants plants Water potential more species of benthic red algae persist than green algae Water and plants Leaves leaving only green Algae in deep water red algae red algae Water moves across root surfaces into plant Stomates Water potential in plants soil moisture water or mineral nutrient shortage Shoot production open stomates Soil moisture and root investment If soil moisture is low, plants invest more in growing extensive root system (and less in shoots) An example of phenotypic plasticity (or developmental acclimation) Root/shoot allocation Again, as soil moisture drops, plants invest more in roots (to gain access to more soil moisture) and less in shoots Root/shoot investment Greater investment in roots in response to water or mineral nutrient shortage Shoot production favored by light limitation Water budgets in animals, plants Soil moisture When soil moisture is high, outer shells of water around soil particles are easily removed by roots When moisture levels drop, only more tightly held inner shells plants CO 2 soil moisture plant accessory pigment phycoerythrine This figure
reduces drop allow invest invest more to gain can be viewed are lose must utilize contain regulate has is favored are left invest Again leaves is has absorbs shows inside
water potential
gases
more in roots to gain access to more soil moisture in response to water or mineral nutrient shortage Shoot production
access to more soil moisture
as the concentration of water Water moves from areas of higher potential (concentration) to areas of lower potential Soil water
holes
water
this part of spectrum Green
accessory pigment phycoerythrine that absorbs green strongly Algal taxa versus depth With increasing depth along New England coast
gas exchange between leaf and environment Stomates
higher potential than plant
low
by light limitation Water budgets in animals
more in growing extensive root system (and less in shoots) An example of phenotypic plasticity (or developmental acclimation
high, outer shells of water around soil particles
higher potential than (dry) air Water movement
green strongly Algal taxa
moist air space