X1011625564-00012-02554</DOCNO> The Microscope The Microscope - Units of measurement - Micrometer ( m m) - 1/1,000,000 (one millionth) of a meter - Nanometer (nm) - 1/1,000,000,000 (one billionth) of a meter - Resolution - the ability to see fine detail - ability to distinguish between two points a given distance apart - a microscope with a resolution of .4 m m can identify two separate points that are .4 m m apart - Refractive Index - the speed at which light passes through an object - immersion oil has the same refractive index as glass - the oil acts as an extension of the lens Types of Microscopes - Compound Light Microscope - uses two lenses to magnify light shining through an object - total magnification is measured by multiplying the magnification of each lens - know the parts of the microscope, what they do and how they are used - Brightfield Illumination - used in class - when the object being observed receives direct light - usually requires stain - Darkfield Microscopy - for use on live microorganisms - uses an opaque disc to prevent light from directly passing through the slide - allows only light entering the slide from the side to pass through - shows the object against a dark background - Phase Contrast Microscopy - for viewing internal structures in living microbes - two sets of light rays are used - one passing directly through the specimen - one that is reflected (diffracted) through the specimen - Fluorescence Microscopy - using dyes that fluoresce (glow) when exposed to UV light - Immunofluorescence Microscopy - treating cells or fluids with antibodies that are connected to a UV dye - used to quickly and easily indicate the presence of a pathogen Electron Microscopy - due to the size of the wavelength of light, light microscopes can&#146;t be used to see objects less than .2 m m - electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light - focuses the electrons with magnets instead of a glass lens - requires special preparation of the object - Transmission Electron Microscope - electrons pass through cells sliced EXTREMELY thin - for showing the internal anatomy of a cell or virus - Scanning Electron Microscope & 
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