These ideas have guided and focused the research, and helped scientists to formulate specific questions and discover new phenomena.
(These ideas; have guided; ) (These ideas; focused; the research) (These ideas; helped; to formulate specific questions and discover new phenomena) (scientists; to formulate; specific questions) (scientists; to discover; new phenomena)
These ideas These ideas These ideas scientists scientists
have guided focused helped to formulate to discover
the research
to formulate specific questions and discover new phenomena
specific questions
new phenomena