These are Alpha-particle (Helium nucleus): 4 2 He Beta-particle (electron): 0 -1 B Positron: 0 1 B Gamma-particle (low wavelength electromagnetic radiation): 0 0 G On a scale with the proton or neutron, the electron's mass is ca. 1/2000 that of either the proton or neutron, so it contributes zero mass. Applications Nuclear properties and reactions have numerous applications: Energy supply: Fission and Fusion Weaponry: Fission Medicine: Radioactive decay Archaelogy: Radioactive decay Synthesis of New Elements: Fusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: protons and neutrons have the intrinsic property called spin (like electrons, which make iron and O 2 paramagnetic) The first five examples derive from nuclear reactions, either driven by outside influences (bombardment by neutrons or alpha particles) or inherent instability of the parent nucleus in radioactive decay.
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Alpha-particle