released into small intestines Bile breaks down fat into tiny globules Pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into small intestines Circulatory System Terrestrial animals expend more energy than aquatic animals Counteracting the pull of gravity and greater oxygen demands -&gt; more efficient circulatory system Diagram - Frog- circulatory system Three-chambered heart Right atrium Receives deoxygenated blood from body Left atrium Receives oxygenated blood from lungs Ventricle Pumps blood to lungs and body Mixes oxygenated with deoxygenated blood Conus arteriosus Receives blood from ventricle Truncus arteriosus Emerges from conus arteriosus -&gt; branches into 3 arches -&gt; various parts of the body Respiratory System Again because terrestrial animals expend more energy than aquatic animals an improved respiratory system is required Oxygen required for ATP production during cell respiration C02 generated as a biproduct of cell respiration Tadpoles breathe through gills Adult frogs breathe through Lungs-pulmonary respiration-air is inhaled and exhaled by changing the volume and pressure of air in the mouth Skin-cutaneous respiration-the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation and hibernation Mouth-accounts for a small amount of respiration Glottis- passage between throat and lungs Excretory System Two types of metabolic waste products Carbon dioxide from cell respiration Waste compounds from metabolic breakdown of foods Kidneys are the primary excretory organs Filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood -&gt; urine Kidneys -&gt; urinary ducts -&gt; urinary bladder -&gt; cloaca Urine and digestive wastes are eliminated through the anus Frogs eliminate excess water by excreting a large volume of very dilute urine Nervous System More varied environment than fish -&gt; more complex brain Diagram - Frog- nervous system Olfactory lobes are the center for olfaction (smell) Optic lobes control vision Cerebrum controls voluntary activity Cerebellum is center of the balance and coordination Medulla oblongata controls organ functions 10 pairs of cranial nerves (direct connection with brain) Spinal cord and spinal nerves transmit signals from all parts of the body to the brain and back to the brain Reproductive System Complex life cycle Two life stages (tadpole and adult) Diagram - Frog- reproductive and excretory systems Male frog Two bean-shaped creamy white or yellowish testes located near the kidneys Sperm cells develop in the testes and pass through tubes to the kidneys and urinary ducts Leave body through cloacal opening Female frog A pair of large, lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge, mature, and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel-like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain in ovisacs until ovulation Leave through the cloacal opening Fertilization Species specific mating call Air vibrates the vocal cord which produces croak Males have vocal sacs Males climb onto back of female and embraces her Amplexus-the mating embrace of frogs When female releases eggs, male discharges his sperm over them-direct external fertilization Within 12 days the eggs hatch into tadpoles Metamorphosis Tadpoles develop three pairs of gills Two-chambered heart Regenerate injured or lost body parts Grows and changes from a larva into an adult (metamorphosis) Legs grow Mouth broadens Teeth and jaws Lungs Heart (2 chamber -&gt; 3 chamber) Thyroxine stimulates metamorphosis Cells of tadpole respond at appropriate stages of development Tree of Life - Amphibians UCMP Site - Amphibians Biosis - Amphibians Univ. of Minnesota - Zool Lab Bioscience (Herpetology) Virtual Frog Dissection Kit Virtual Frog Builders Game Environmental Education Center at Miller School Photovault Frog Photographs Frequently Asked Frog Questions Freaky Frogs (PBS) Deformed Frogs in Minnesota Frog land!
(Three-chambered heart Right atrium; Receives; deoxygenated blood; from body; T:more efficient circulatory system Diagram - Frog- circulatory system) (lungs and body Mixes; oxygenated; with deoxygenated blood Conus arteriosus) (three pairs of gills Two-chambered heart Regenerate injured or lost body parts; changes; from a larva; into an adult) (ovaries; containing; thousands of tiny immature eggs) (Waste; compounds; from metabolic breakdown of foods) (cells; develop; L:in the testes) (Kidneys; are; the primary excretory organs) (A pair of large, lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge, mature, and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel-like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain; embraces; her Amplexus) (pulmonary respiration-air; is inhaled; ) (Cilia; move; eggs; into funnel-like openings of the oviducts) (Legs; grow; ) (Photovault Frog Photographs; Asked; Frog Questions; T:Frequently) (cells; pass; through tubes; to the kidneys and urinary ducts) (pulmonary respiration-air; exhaled; ) (control vision Cerebrum controls voluntary activity Cerebellum; is; center of the balance and coordination) (male; discharges; his sperm over them; T:When female releases eggs) (terrestrial animals; expend; more energy than aquatic animals) (Cerebrum; controls; voluntary activity Cerebellum) (cell respiration C02; generated; as a biproduct of cell respiration Tadpoles) (the kidneys; enlarge; Eggs) (3 chamber) Thyroxine; stimulates; metamorphosis Cells of tadpole respond at appropriate stages of development Tree of Life - Amphibians UCMP Site - Amphibians Biosis - Amphibians Univ) Context(3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([3463, 3494))):(Circulatory System Terrestrial animals; expend; more energy than aquatic animals) Context(3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([3463, 3494))):(A pair of large, lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge, mature, and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel-like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain; vibrates; the vocal cord which produces croak Males have vocal sacs) Context(A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494))):(Medulla oblongata controls organ functions 10 pairs of cranial nerves; transmit; signals; from all parts of the body; to the brain) Context(A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494))):(Left atrium; Receives; oxygenated blood; from lungs Ventricle Pumps blood) Context(A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494))):(more complex brain Diagram - Frog- nervous system Olfactory lobes; are; various parts of the body Respiratory System Again because terrestrial animals expend more energy than aquatic animals an improved respiratory system is required Oxygen required for ATP production during cell respiration C02 generated as a biproduct of cell respiration Tadpoles breathe through gills Adult frogs breathe through Lungs-pulmonary respiration-air is inhaled and exhaled by changing the volume and pressure of air in the mouth Skin-cutaneous respiration-the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation and hibernation Mouth-accounts for a small amount of respiration Glottis- passage between throat and lungs Excretory System Two types of metabolic waste products Carbon dioxide from cell respiration Waste compounds from metabolic breakdown of foods Kidneys are the primary excretory organs Filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood -&gt; urine Kidneys -&gt; urinary ducts -&gt; urinary bladder -&gt; cloaca Urine and digestive wastes are eliminated through the anus Frogs eliminate excess water by excreting a large volume of very dilute urine Nervous System More varied environment than fish -&gt; more complex brain Diagram - Frog- nervous system Olfactory lobes are the center for olfaction (smell) Optic lobes) Context(more complex brain Diagram - Frog - nervous system Olfactory lobes are A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([1806, 3494))):(cloaca Urine and digestive wastes; are eliminated; ) Context(A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494))):(Males; climb; onto back of female) Context(3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([3463, 3494))):(Mouth; broadens; Teeth and jaws Lungs Heart) (Two-chambered heart Regenerate; injured; ) (the vocal cord; produces; croak Males have vocal sacs) Context(the vocal cord produces,List([2942, 2971))):(croak Males; have; vocal sacs) (aquatic animals; Counteracting; the pull of gravity and greater oxygen demands) (Two bean-shaped creamy white or yellowish testes; located; L:near the kidneys) (Oxygen; required; for ATP production) (the center for olfaction; lobes; Optic) (Two-chambered heart Regenerate; lost; body parts) (the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation; accounts; for a small amount of respiration Glottis- passage between throat and lungs Excretory System Two types of metabolic waste products) Context(the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation accounts,List([1145, 1238))):(Bile; breaks down; fat; into tiny globules) Context(the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation accounts,List([1145, 1238))):(more efficient circulatory system Diagram - Frog- circulatory system; Receives Again; blood; from ventricle Truncus arteriosus Emerges) (Adult frogs; breathe; gills Adult frogs breathe through Lungs-pulmonary respiration-air is inhaled and exhaled by changing the volume and pressure of air in the mouth Skin-cutaneous respiration) (ovulation; Leave; through the cloacal opening Fertilization Species specific mating call Air) (an improved respiratory system; is required; ) Context(an improved respiratory system is required,List([797, 839))):(Oxygen; breathe; T:during cell respiration C02) (more complex brain Diagram - Frog - nervous system Olfactory lobes; are the center for; olfaction ( smell ) Optic) (Cerebellum; is center of; the balance and coordination Medulla oblongata controls organ functions)
3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([3463, 3494)) 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([3463, 3494)) A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494)) A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494)) A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494)) more complex brain Diagram - Frog - nervous system Olfactory lobes are A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([1806, 3494)) A pair of large , lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge , mature , and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel - like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain vibrates 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([2583, 3494)) 3 chamber ) Thyroxine stimulates,List([3463, 3494)) the vocal cord produces,List([2942, 2971)) the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation accounts,List([1145, 1238)) the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation accounts,List([1145, 1238)) an improved respiratory system is required,List([797, 839))
Three-chambered heart Right atrium lungs and body Mixes three pairs of gills Two-chambered heart Regenerate injured or lost body parts ovaries Waste cells Kidneys A pair of large, lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge, mature, and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel-like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain pulmonary respiration-air Cilia Legs Photovault Frog Photographs cells pulmonary respiration-air control vision Cerebrum controls voluntary activity Cerebellum male terrestrial animals Cerebrum cell respiration C02 the kidneys 3 chamber) Thyroxine Circulatory System Terrestrial animals A pair of large, lobed ovaries containing thousands of tiny immature eggs lie near the kidneys Eggs enlarge, mature, and burst through body walls of ovary into body cavity Cilia move eggs into funnel-like openings of the oviducts Eggs remain Medulla oblongata controls organ functions 10 pairs of cranial nerves Left atrium more complex brain Diagram - Frog- nervous system Olfactory lobes cloaca Urine and digestive wastes Males Mouth Two-chambered heart Regenerate the vocal cord croak Males aquatic animals Two bean-shaped creamy white or yellowish testes Oxygen the center for olfaction Two-chambered heart Regenerate the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation Bile more efficient circulatory system Diagram - Frog- circulatory system Adult frogs ovulation an improved respiratory system Oxygen more complex brain Diagram - Frog - nervous system Olfactory lobes Cerebellum
Receives oxygenated changes containing compounds develop are embraces is inhaled move grow Asked pass exhaled is discharges expend controls generated enlarge stimulates expend vibrates transmit Receives are are eliminated climb broadens injured produces have Counteracting located required lobes lost accounts breaks down Receives Again breathe Leave is required breathe are the center for is center of
deoxygenated blood from body T:more efficient circulatory system Diagram - Frog- circulatory system
with deoxygenated blood Conus arteriosus
from a larva into an adult
thousands of tiny immature eggs
from metabolic breakdown of foods
L:in the testes
the primary excretory organs
her Amplexus
eggs into funnel-like openings of the oviducts
Frog Questions T:Frequently
through tubes to the kidneys and urinary ducts
center of the balance and coordination
his sperm over them T:When female releases eggs
more energy than aquatic animals
voluntary activity Cerebellum
as a biproduct of cell respiration Tadpoles
Eggs
metamorphosis Cells of tadpole respond at appropriate stages of development Tree of Life - Amphibians UCMP Site - Amphibians Biosis - Amphibians Univ
more energy than aquatic animals
the vocal cord which produces croak Males have vocal sacs
signals from all parts of the body to the brain
oxygenated blood from lungs Ventricle Pumps blood
various parts of the body Respiratory System Again because terrestrial animals expend more energy than aquatic animals an improved respiratory system is required Oxygen required for ATP production during cell respiration C02 generated as a biproduct of cell respiration Tadpoles breathe through gills Adult frogs breathe through Lungs-pulmonary respiration-air is inhaled and exhaled by changing the volume and pressure of air in the mouth Skin-cutaneous respiration-the exchange of gases through skin Important during estivation and hibernation Mouth-accounts for a small amount of respiration Glottis- passage between throat and lungs Excretory System Two types of metabolic waste products Carbon dioxide from cell respiration Waste compounds from metabolic breakdown of foods Kidneys are the primary excretory organs Filter nitrogenous wastes from the blood -&gt urine Kidneys -&gt urinary ducts -&gt urinary bladder -&gt cloaca Urine and digestive wastes are eliminated through the anus Frogs eliminate excess water by excreting a large volume of very dilute urine Nervous System More varied environment than fish -&gt more complex brain Diagram - Frog- nervous system Olfactory lobes are the center for olfaction (smell) Optic lobes
onto back of female
Teeth and jaws Lungs Heart
croak Males have vocal sacs
vocal sacs
the pull of gravity and greater oxygen demands
L:near the kidneys
for ATP production
Optic
body parts
for a small amount of respiration Glottis- passage between throat and lungs Excretory System Two types of metabolic waste products
fat into tiny globules
blood from ventricle Truncus arteriosus Emerges
gills Adult frogs breathe through Lungs-pulmonary respiration-air is inhaled and exhaled by changing the volume and pressure of air in the mouth Skin-cutaneous respiration
through the cloacal opening Fertilization Species specific mating call Air
T:during cell respiration C02
olfaction ( smell ) Optic
the balance and coordination Medulla oblongata controls organ functions