X1011480749-00226-57216</DOCNO> Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric Circulation Earth is heated unevenly by the Sun but heat wants to be in equilibrium Atmospheric circulation is driven by redistribution of planetary heat Atmospheric circulation drives ocean circulation and regional climates Physics of heat Mechanisms of heat transfer Conduction: Transfer of heat via direct contact, heat flows from the warmer to cooler body until both have the same temperature Convection: Heat is carried by physical movement of a fluid (air, water etc.) from high temperature region to a low temperature region Radiation: Any object with a temperature radiates heat with electromagnetic radiation the Earth loses heat this way -- infrared Composition of the atmosphere Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Argon ~1% Carbon dioxide 0.036% and rising Others ~ 0.003% Water vapor (gas) up to 4% Density of air Density affects the position the air will have in the layers of the atmosphere i.e. will it rise or sink Temperature and water content of air affect its density Warm air is less dense than cold air Convection cell: Warm air rises, when it is cooled it sinks back down again Humid air is less dense than dry air because the water vapor displaces nitrogen and oxygen that are heavier.
(Density; affects; the position the air will have in the layers of the atmosphere i.e. will it rise or sink Temperature and water content of air affect its density Warm air) (Temperature and water content of air; affect; its density Warm air) (heat; wants; to be in equilibrium Atmospheric circulation) (Heat; is carried; by physical movement of a fluid (air, water etc.) Context(Heat is carried,List([501, 516))):(heat; flows; from the warmer to cooler body) Context(heat flows Heat is carried,List([410, 516))):(Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric Circulation Earth; is unevenly; heated) (it; sink; ) (heat; to be; in equilibrium Atmospheric circulation) (it; sinks; back; T:down again; T:when it is cooled) Context(it sinks,List([1156, 1164))):(Humid air; is; less dense than dry air because the water vapor displaces nitrogen and oxygen) (it; is cooled; ) (the air; will have; ) (the Earth; loses; heat) (the water vapor; displaces; nitrogen and oxygen) (up to 4% Density of air; is; less dense than cold air Convection cell)
Heat is carried,List([501, 516)) heat flows Heat is carried,List([410, 516)) it sinks,List([1156, 1164))
Density Temperature and water content of air heat Heat heat Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric Circulation Earth it heat it Humid air it the air the Earth the water vapor up to 4% Density of air
affects affect wants is carried flows is unevenly sink to be sinks is is cooled will have loses displaces is
the position the air will have in the layers of the atmosphere i.e. will it rise or sink Temperature and water content of air affect its density Warm air
its density Warm air
to be in equilibrium Atmospheric circulation
by physical movement of a fluid (air, water etc.
from the warmer to cooler body
heated
in equilibrium Atmospheric circulation
back T:down again T:when it is cooled
less dense than dry air because the water vapor displaces nitrogen and oxygen
heat
nitrogen and oxygen
less dense than cold air Convection cell