X1014285930-00156-36912</DOCNO> Biology Chapter 41 -- Summary Summary Nutritional Requirements Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients: an overview Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal's fuel An animal's diet must supply essential nutrients and carbon skeletons for biosynthesis Food Types and Feeding Mechanisms Most animals are opportunistic feeders Diverse feeding adaptations have evolved among animals Overview of Food Processing The four main stages of food processing are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination Digestion occurs in specialized compartments The Mammalian Digestive System The oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus initiate food processing The stomach stores food and performs preliminary digestion The small intestine is the major organ of digestion and absorption Hormones help regulate digestion Reclaiming water is a major function of the large intestine Evolutionary Adaptations of Vertebrate Digestive Systems Structural adaptations of the digestive system are often associated with diet Symbiotic microorganisms help nourish many vertebrates &copy; 2000-2001 by Addison Wesley Longman A division of Pearson Education
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