IBM&#146;s damascene-copper wiring technologies are fabricated using an additive dual-damascene process in which troughs and vias are etched into an insulator such as SiO 2 , a copper diffusion barrier and copper are deposited into the troughs, and CMP is used to remove excess copper and barrier material.
(CMP; to remove; excess copper and barrier material) (s damascene-copper wiring technologies; using; an additive dual-damascene process in which troughs and vias are etched into an insulator such as SiO 2) (troughs and vias; are etched; into an insulator such as SiO 2; L:an additive dual-damascene process) (a copper diffusion barrier and copper; are deposited; into the troughs) Context(a copper diffusion barrier and copper are deposited,List([175, 226))):(s damascene-copper wiring technologies; are fabricated; ) (CMP; is used; to remove excess copper and barrier material)
a copper diffusion barrier and copper are deposited,List([175, 226))
CMP s damascene-copper wiring technologies troughs and vias a copper diffusion barrier and copper s damascene-copper wiring technologies CMP
to remove using are etched are deposited are fabricated is used
excess copper and barrier material
an additive dual-damascene process in which troughs and vias are etched into an insulator such as SiO 2
into an insulator such as SiO 2 L:an additive dual-damascene process
into the troughs
to remove excess copper and barrier material