summers hot and dry Tall- and short-grass prairies: N America Pampas: S. America Veldt: southern Africa Steppes: Europe and Asia - wind blows continually and evaporation rapid Polar grasslands - Arctic tundra: areas south of the polar ice cap - bitterly cold throughout most of the year - precipitation mostly in the form of snow - permafrost - subsurface water frozen year-round Forests : - areas in which annual precipitation is great enough to support trees Tropical rain forests: evergreen broadleaf forest found in areas near the Equator - warm annual temperatures, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall almost daily - great diversity of plants and animals - specialized, layered niches Tropical deciduous forests: warm moist areas which receive most of the moisture during a short wet season followed by a long dry season - less complex, drought tolerant evergreens and deciduous forests Tropical scrub forests: warm areas where the dry seasons are even longer - mostly small deciduous trees Temperate rain forests: areas which depend on rainfall and supplemental ocean fog Temperate deciduous forests: areas with moderate average temperatures that change with the seasons - dominated by a few species of broadleaf deciduous trees such as oaks, hickory, maple, poplar, and beech - mature forests have simpler structure than tropical rain forests but still demonstrate layering and high diversity Evergreen coniferous forests (Boreal or taigas): winters are long and dry with short, more moist summer - dominated by waxy conifers - spruce, fir, cedar, hemlock Aquatic Biomes Water covers more than 70% of the earth's surface Serves as a reservoir for carbon dioxide to regulate the greenhouse effect Provides habitat for about 250,000 species of plants and animals Provides a source of iron, sand, gravel, phosphates, magnesium, oil, natural gas, etc. Oceans have two principle life zones, the Coastal Zone and Open Sea Coastal Zone: - relatively warm, nutrient-rich, shallow water that extends from high tide mark on land to the edge of the submerged continental shelf - represents less than 10% of oceans but contains 90% of all ocean species - ample nutrients provided by terrestrial runoff Estuaries : partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where fresh water loaded with sediments and nutrients mixes with salty water, often forming deltas Wetlands : areas covered all or part of the year with salt water - coastal wetland (5%)- or fresh water - inland wetland (95
(annual precipitation; is; great enough to support trees; L:- areas) (the dry seasons; are; L:warm areas) (fresh water; loaded; with sediments and nutrients; L:a river) (partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river; mixes; with salty water) Context(partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([2211, 2326))):(areas with moderate average temperatures that change with the seasons - dominated by a few species of broadleaf deciduous trees such as oaks, hickory, maple, poplar, and beech - mature forests have simpler structure than tropical rain forests but still demonstrate layering and high diversity Evergreen coniferous forests (Boreal or taigas): winters are long and dry with short, more moist summer - dominated by waxy conifers - spruce, fir, cedar, hemlock Aquatic Biomes Water covers more than 70% of the earth's surface Serves as a reservoir for carbon dioxide to regulate the greenhouse effect Provides habitat for about 250,000 species of plants and animals; Provides; a source of iron, sand, gravel, phosphates, magnesium, oil, natural gas, etc.) Context(partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([2211, 2326))):(Oceans; have; two principle life zones) Context(partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([2211, 2326))):(Aquatic Biomes Water; covers; more than 70% of the earth's surface) Context(Aquatic Biomes Water covers partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([1565, 2326))):(beech - mature forests; have; simpler structure than tropical rain forests) Context(Aquatic Biomes Water covers partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([1565, 2326))):(winters; are; long and dry with short, more moist summer - dominated by waxy conifers - spruce, fir, cedar, hemlock Aquatic Biomes Water covers more than 70% of the earth's surface Serves as a reservoir for carbon dioxide to regulate the greenhouse effect Provides habitat for about 250,000 species of plants and animals Provides a source of iron, sand, gravel, phosphates, magnesium, oil, natural gas, etc. Oceans have two principle life zones, the Coastal Zone and Open Sea Coastal Zone: - relatively warm, nutrient-rich, shallow water that extends from high tide mark on land to the edge of the submerged continental shelf - represents less than 10% of oceans but contains 90% of all ocean species - ample nutrients provided by terrestrial runoff Estuaries : partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where fresh water loaded with sediments and nutrients mixes with salty water, often forming deltas Wetlands : areas) (relatively warm, nutrient-rich, shallow water; extends; from high tide mark) (annual precipitation; to support; trees) (submerged continental shelf - represents less than 10% of oceans; contains; 90% of all ocean species) (evergreen broadleaf forest; found; L:in areas near the Equator - warm annual temperatures, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall almost daily - great diversity of plants and animals) (Serves as a reservoir; Provides; habitat; for about 250,000 species of plants and animals) (ample nutrients; provided; by terrestrial runoff Estuaries) (areas; covered; all or part of the year with salt water - coastal wetland (5%)- or fresh water - inland wetland) (areas; depend; on rainfall and supplemental ocean fog Temperate deciduous forests) (carbon dioxide; to regulate; the greenhouse effect) (beech - mature forests; demonstrate; layering and high diversity Evergreen coniferous forests (Boreal or taigas; T:still) (layered niches; forming; deltas Wetlands; T:often) (moderate average temperatures; change; )
partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([2211, 2326)) partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([2211, 2326)) partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([2211, 2326)) Aquatic Biomes Water covers partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([1565, 2326)) Aquatic Biomes Water covers partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river mixes,List([1565, 2326))
annual precipitation the dry seasons fresh water partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river areas with moderate average temperatures that change with the seasons - dominated by a few species of broadleaf deciduous trees such as oaks, hickory, maple, poplar, and beech - mature forests have simpler structure than tropical rain forests but still demonstrate layering and high diversity Evergreen coniferous forests (Boreal or taigas): winters are long and dry with short, more moist summer - dominated by waxy conifers - spruce, fir, cedar, hemlock Aquatic Biomes Water covers more than 70% of the earth's surface Serves as a reservoir for carbon dioxide to regulate the greenhouse effect Provides habitat for about 250,000 species of plants and animals Oceans Aquatic Biomes Water beech - mature forests winters relatively warm, nutrient-rich, shallow water annual precipitation submerged continental shelf - represents less than 10% of oceans evergreen broadleaf forest Serves as a reservoir ample nutrients areas areas carbon dioxide beech - mature forests layered niches moderate average temperatures
is are loaded mixes Provides have covers have are extends to support contains found Provides provided covered depend to regulate demonstrate forming change
great enough to support trees L:- areas
L:warm areas
with sediments and nutrients L:a river
with salty water
a source of iron, sand, gravel, phosphates, magnesium, oil, natural gas, etc.
two principle life zones
more than 70% of the earth's surface
simpler structure than tropical rain forests
long and dry with short, more moist summer - dominated by waxy conifers - spruce, fir, cedar, hemlock Aquatic Biomes Water covers more than 70% of the earth's surface Serves as a reservoir for carbon dioxide to regulate the greenhouse effect Provides habitat for about 250,000 species of plants and animals Provides a source of iron, sand, gravel, phosphates, magnesium, oil, natural gas, etc. Oceans have two principle life zones, the Coastal Zone and Open Sea Coastal Zone: - relatively warm, nutrient-rich, shallow water that extends from high tide mark on land to the edge of the submerged continental shelf - represents less than 10% of oceans but contains 90% of all ocean species - ample nutrients provided by terrestrial runoff Estuaries : partially enclosed coastal area at the mouth of a river where fresh water loaded with sediments and nutrients mixes with salty water, often forming deltas Wetlands : areas
from high tide mark
trees
90% of all ocean species
L:in areas near the Equator - warm annual temperatures, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall almost daily - great diversity of plants and animals
habitat for about 250,000 species of plants and animals
by terrestrial runoff Estuaries
all or part of the year with salt water - coastal wetland (5%)- or fresh water - inland wetland
on rainfall and supplemental ocean fog Temperate deciduous forests
the greenhouse effect
layering and high diversity Evergreen coniferous forests (Boreal or taigas T:still
deltas Wetlands T:often