Most authorities classify valley oak woodlands as fire climax, and seral to mixed hardwood or coniferous forests in the absence of fire [ 12 , 18 , 30 , 31 , 39 ].
(Most authorities; classify; valley; oak woodlands) (Most authorities; seral to mixed; hardwood or coniferous forests; in the absence of fire)
Most authorities Most authorities
classify seral to mixed
valley oak woodlands
hardwood or coniferous forests in the absence of fire