Cumulative biological consequences of oil field development that may be expected in the Arctic Refuge include: blocking, deflecting or disturbing wildlife loss of subsistence hunting opportunities increased predation by arctic fox, gulls and ravens on nesting birds due to introduction of garbage as a consistent food source alteration of natural drainage patterns, causing changes in vegetation deposition of alkaline dust on tundra along roads, altering vegetation over a much larger area than the actual width of the road local pollutant haze and acid rain from nitrogen oxides, methane and particulate matter emissions contamination of soil and water from fuel and oil spills Impacts of Winter Exploration While the exploration of oil typically occurs during the winter months when caribou and birds are absent from the 1002 Area, there are several arctic-adapted species that remain in the area during winter would likely be affected, most notably muskoxen and polar bears, but also wolverine, arctic fox, and arctic grayling.
(oil field development; may be expected; L:in the Arctic Refuge) (Cumulative biological consequences of oil field development; include; blocking, deflecting or disturbing wildlife loss of subsistence hunting opportunities increased predation by arctic fox, gulls and ravens on nesting birds due to introduction of garbage as a consistent food source alteration of natural drainage patterns, causing changes in vegetation deposition of alkaline dust on tundra along roads, altering vegetation over a much larger area than the actual width of the road local pollutant haze and acid rain from nitrogen oxides, methane and particulate matter emissions contamination of soil and water from fuel and oil spills Impacts of Winter Exploration While the exploration of oil typically occurs during the winter months when caribou and birds are absent from the 1002 Area, there are several arctic-adapted species that remain in the area during winter would likely be affected, most notably muskoxen and polar bears, but also wolverine, arctic fox, and arctic grayling) (caribou and birds; are; absent from the 1002 Area) (several arctic-adapted species; remain; in the area; T:during winter) (the exploration of oil; typically occurs; T:during the winter months)
oil field development Cumulative biological consequences of oil field development caribou and birds several arctic-adapted species the exploration of oil
may be expected include are remain typically occurs
L:in the Arctic Refuge
blocking, deflecting or disturbing wildlife loss of subsistence hunting opportunities increased predation by arctic fox, gulls and ravens on nesting birds due to introduction of garbage as a consistent food source alteration of natural drainage patterns, causing changes in vegetation deposition of alkaline dust on tundra along roads, altering vegetation over a much larger area than the actual width of the road local pollutant haze and acid rain from nitrogen oxides, methane and particulate matter emissions contamination of soil and water from fuel and oil spills Impacts of Winter Exploration While the exploration of oil typically occurs during the winter months when caribou and birds are absent from the 1002 Area, there are several arctic-adapted species that remain in the area during winter would likely be affected, most notably muskoxen and polar bears, but also wolverine, arctic fox, and arctic grayling
absent from the 1002 Area
in the area T:during winter
T:during the winter months