Adaptations permitting prolonged submersion (1 point each, 5 needed for full credit) Extra capillaries in the lungs (more efficient exchange of respiratory gases) Use 3 times as much of the oxygen from a breath of air as do terrestrial mammals (can extract more oxygen, and therefore can supply oxygen to tissues for a longer period of time) Can force almost all air out of the lungs when exhaling (increases the amount of oxygen in the lungs for next breath, which in turn enables them to extract more oxygen from that breath) Twice as high a concentration of red blood cells (can carry more oxygen to body tissues) 2-9 times as much myoglobin in muscle tissue (muscles are more efficient at extracting oxygen from circulatory system) Heart rate drops to half its normal rate during long dives (oxygen use is conserved) During dives, blood is redistributed (also conserves oxygen, so it lasts longer) High tolerance to lactic acid (prevents muscle cramping and allows the animal to go longer between breaths) High tolerance to carbon dioxide (prevents spontaneous breathing underwater when metabolic wastes start to build up) 4.
(Adaptations; permitting; prolonged submersion) (oxygen use; is conserved; ) (High tolerance to carbon dioxide; prevents; spontaneous breathing underwater) (them; to extract; more oxygen; from that breath) (5; needed; for full credit; Extra capillaries in the lungs) (it; lasts; longer) (metabolic wastes; start; ) (metabolic wastes; to build up; ) (next breath; enables; them; to extract more oxygen from that breath) (it; allows; the animal to go longer between breaths) Context(it allows,List([885, 968))):(the animal; to go; longer) (blood; is redistributed; ) Context(blood is redistributed,List([835, 857))):(muscles; are; more efficient at extracting oxygen from circulatory system)
it allows,List([885, 968)) blood is redistributed,List([835, 857))
Adaptations oxygen use High tolerance to carbon dioxide them 5 it metabolic wastes metabolic wastes next breath it the animal blood muscles
permitting is conserved prevents to extract needed lasts start to build up enables allows to go is redistributed are
prolonged submersion
spontaneous breathing underwater
more oxygen from that breath
for full credit Extra capillaries in the lungs
longer
them to extract more oxygen from that breath
the animal to go longer between breaths
longer
more efficient at extracting oxygen from circulatory system