Although many geological processes take centuries or even millenia to produce obvious changes on the Earth's surface, other geological phenomena, such as glaciers and volcanoes, cause noticeable changes over shorter periods.
(many geological processes; take; centuries) (other geological phenomena, such as glaciers and volcanoes; cause; noticeable changes over shorter periods)
many geological processes other geological phenomena, such as glaciers and volcanoes
take cause
centuries
noticeable changes over shorter periods