small seeds quickly depleted Directional selection surviving birds predominantly those with larger beaks that could crack larger seeds larger-beaked birds can feed on both small and large seeds Directional selection bill depth is heritable Directional selection following dry years, large bills favored following wet years, small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends to make interacting species more different where they co-occur than elsewhere Galapagos Islands located off coast of Ecuador most terrestrial fauna and flora originated on mainland Galapagos finches adaptive radiation: have diversified to fill many vacant niches (filled by other, non-finch birds on mainland) see three (3) granivorous (seed-eating) species Occurrence of Galapagos finches Competitive exclusion principle if food is limiting (supply less than demand), consumption drives down shared food levels one species will be more efficient utilizing scarce resource than other;
(small bills favored Character displacement Competition; to make; interacting species more different where they co-occur) (one species; utilizing; scarce resource than other) (most terrestrial fauna and flora; originated; L:on mainland Galapagos) (food; is limiting; supply less than demand) (consumption; drives; down; shared food levels) Context(consumption drives,List([854, 872))):(large bills favored following wet years; have diversified; ) Context(large bills favored following wet years have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872))):(small bills favored Character displacement Competition; tends; to make interacting species more different where they co-occur) Context(large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872))):(small seeds; quickly depleted; Directional selection) Context(small seeds quickly depleted large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([0, 872))):(small seeds; quickly depleted Directional selection surviving predominantly; birds) Context(large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872))):(those with larger beaks; Directional; selection bill depth is heritable Directional selection following dry years) Context(those with larger beaks Directional large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([81, 872))):(selection bill depth; is; heritable Directional selection following dry years) Context(large bills favored following wet years have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872))):(large bills favored following wet years; have diversified to fill; many vacant niches (filled by other, non-finch birds on mainland) Context(large bills favored following wet years have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872))):(large bills favored; following; wet years) (larger beaks; could crack; larger seeds larger-beaked birds can feed on both small and large seeds) (they; co-occur; ) (larger seeds; can feed; on both small and large seeds) (many vacant niches; filled; by other, non-finch birds on mainland) (one species; will be; more efficient) (small bills; favored; Character displacement Competition) (large bills favored following wet years; see; three (3)
consumption drives,List([854, 872)) large bills favored following wet years have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872)) large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872)) small seeds quickly depleted large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([0, 872)) large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872)) those with larger beaks Directional large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition tends have diversified consumption drives,List([81, 872)) large bills favored following wet years have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872)) large bills favored following wet years have diversified consumption drives,List([283, 872))
small bills favored Character displacement Competition one species most terrestrial fauna and flora food consumption large bills favored following wet years small bills favored Character displacement Competition small seeds small seeds those with larger beaks selection bill depth large bills favored following wet years large bills favored larger beaks they larger seeds many vacant niches one species small bills large bills favored following wet years
to make utilizing originated is limiting drives have diversified tends quickly depleted quickly depleted Directional selection surviving predominantly Directional is have diversified to fill following could crack co-occur can feed filled will be favored see
interacting species more different where they co-occur
scarce resource than other
L:on mainland Galapagos
supply less than demand
down shared food levels
to make interacting species more different where they co-occur
Directional selection
birds
selection bill depth is heritable Directional selection following dry years
heritable Directional selection following dry years
many vacant niches (filled by other, non-finch birds on mainland
wet years
larger seeds larger-beaked birds can feed on both small and large seeds
on both small and large seeds
by other, non-finch birds on mainland
more efficient
Character displacement Competition
three (3