Assertion: widow's husband | /r/CapableOf | avoid other ignominies
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text: Another theory, by Hawley, is that sati started as a "nonreligious, ruling-class, patriarchal" ideology but later spread as a gilded status symbol of "valor", "honor" and "purity", jauhar which was dissimilar to Sati and was performed even if it was unknown if the husband had died to avoid becoming a captive and avoid "rape, torture and other ignominies" in internecine Rajput warfare, Muslim conquests and other foreign invasions before them.